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Rajasekar P, Hall RJ, Binaya KC, Mahapatra PS, Puppala SP, Thakker D, MacIsaac JL, Lin D, Kobor M, Bolton CE, Sayers I, Hall IP, Clifford RL. Nepalese indoor cookstove smoke extracts alter human airway epithelial gene expression, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122561. [PMID: 37742862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Household air pollution caused by inefficient cooking practices causes 4 million deaths a year worldwide. In Nepal, 86% of the rural population use solid fuels for cooking. Over 25% of premature deaths associated with air pollution are respiratory in nature. Here we aimed to identify molecular signatures of different cookstove and fuel type exposures in human airway epithelial cells, to understand the mechanisms mediating cook stove smoke induced lung disease. Primary human airway epithelial cells in submerged culture were exposed to traditional cook stove (TCS), improved cook stove (ICS) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove smoke extracts. Changes to gene expression, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation were measured by bulk RNA sequencing and HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip following oxidative bisulphite conversion, respectively. TCS smoke extract alone reproducibly caused changes in the expression of 52 genes enriched for oxidative stress pathways. TCS, ICS and LPG smoke extract exposures were associated with distinct changes to DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation. A subset of TCS induced genes were associated with differentially methylated and/or hydroxymethylated CpGs sites, and enriched for the ferroptosis pathway and the upstream regulator NFE2L2. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation changes not associated with a concurrent change in gene expression, were linked to biological processes and molecular pathways important to airway health, including neutrophil function, transforming growth factor beta signalling, GTPase activity, and cell junction organisation. Our data identified differential impacts of TCS, ICS and LPG cook stove smoke on the human airway epithelium transcriptome, DNA methylome and hydroxymethylome and provide further insight into the association between indoor air pollution exposure and chronic lung disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Rajasekar
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert J Hall
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - K C Binaya
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Water and Air Theme, Atmosphere Initiative, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Parth S Mahapatra
- Water and Air Theme, Atmosphere Initiative, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Siva P Puppala
- Water and Air Theme, Atmosphere Initiative, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dhruma Thakker
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Lin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charlotte E Bolton
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Sayers
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel L Clifford
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Martínez-Razo G, Pires PC, Domínguez-López ML, Veiga F, Vega-López A, Paiva-Santos AC. Norcantharidin Nanoemulsion Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Antiproliferation Effect on B16F1 Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040501. [PMID: 37111258 PMCID: PMC10143330 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly lethal type of cancer that has had an increase in incidence in the last decades. Nevertheless, current therapies lack effectiveness and have highly disabling side effects, which calls for new therapeutic strategies. Norcantharidin (NCTD) is an acid derivative with potential antitumor activity isolated from natural blister beetles. However, its solubility limitations restrict its use. To address this issue, we developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion using commonly available cosmetic ingredients, which increased NCTD solubility 10-fold compared to water. The developed nanoemulsion showed a good droplet size and homogeneity, with adequate pH and viscosity for skin application. In vitro drug release studies showed a sustained release profile, ideal for prolonged therapeutic effects. Accelerated stability studies proved that the formulation was reasonably stable under stress conditions, with particle separation fingerprints, instability index, particle size, and sedimentation velocity analyses being conducted. To assess the therapeutic potential of the developed formulation, in vitro studies were conducted on melanoma B16F1 cells; results showed an IC50 of 1.026 +/− 0.370 mg/kg, and the cells’ metabolic activity decreased after exposure to the NCTD nanoemulsion. Hence, a new “easy-to-make” nanoformulation with therapeutic potential on melanoma cells was developed, as a possible adjuvant for future melanoma treatment.
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Shijo S, Tanaka D, Sekiguchi T, Ishihara JI, Takahashi H, Kobayashi M, Shoji S. Dielectrophoresis-Based Selective Droplet Extraction Microfluidic Device for Single-Cell Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:706. [PMID: 36985113 PMCID: PMC10058699 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed a microfluidic device that enables selective droplet extraction from multiple droplet-trapping pockets based on dielectrophoresis. The device consists of a main microchannel, five droplet-trapping pockets with side channels, and drive electrode pairs appropriately located around the trapping pockets. Agarose droplets capable of encapsulating biological samples were successfully trapped in the trapping pockets due to the difference in flow resistance between the main and side channels. Target droplets were selectively extracted from the pockets by the dielectrophoretic force generated between the electrodes under an applied voltage of 500 V. During their extraction from the trapping pockets, the droplets and their contents were exposed to an electric field for 400-800 ms. To evaluate whether the applied voltage could potentially damage the biological samples, the growth rates of Escherichia coli cells in the droplets, with and without a voltage applied, were compared. No significant difference in the growth rate was observed. The developed device enables the screening of encapsulated single cells and the selective extraction of target droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seito Shijo
- Major in Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan; (M.K.)
| | - Daiki Tanaka
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sekiguchi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Ishihara
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 181 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 181 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 181 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Masashi Kobayashi
- Major in Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan; (M.K.)
| | - Shuichi Shoji
- Major in Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan; (M.K.)
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Mohammadi M, Neshat E. Accurate prediction of NOx emissions from diesel engines considering in-cylinder ion current. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115347. [PMID: 32814177 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of current study is accurate prediction of NOx emissions from diesel engines considering in-cylinder ion current. To reach this goal, a validated thermodynamic multi-zone model was used. A modified chemical kinetics mechanism of diesel fuel oxidation was used too. A chemical kinetics mechanism of NOX formation including 103 reactions was added to the main mechanism. A set of ions and ionic reactions was added to the developed chemical kinetics mechanism and finally a modified chemical kinetics mechanism with 445 reactions and 100 species was formed. The developed mechanism was coupled to the multi-zone model and a diesel engine was simulated. The importance of Zeldovich mechanism, prompt mechanism, N2O mechanism and NNH mechanism were investigated. The progress rates of reactions were calculated and important reactions were identified. The results show that the oxygenated ions, NO+, O+ and O2+, has more effects on NO production than other ions. The prompt mechanism plays an important role in predicting the ion current inside the chamber. Because this mechanism has reactions that can lead to CH production. The CH radicals produced by this mechanism can be employed by basic ionic reactions and lead to ion production. The results show that using NOx related ionic reactions results in accurate prediction of engine exhaust NOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mohammadi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Neshat
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lecureur V, Monteil C, Jaguin M, Cazier F, Preterre D, Corbière C, Gosset P, Douki T, Sichel F, Fardel O. Comparative study on gene expression profile in rat lung after repeated exposure to diesel and biodiesel exhausts upstream and downstream of a particle filter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115264. [PMID: 32771839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is considered as a valuable and less toxic alternative to diesel. However, cellular and molecular effects of repeated exposure to biodiesel emissions from a recent engine equipped with a diesel particle filter (DPF) remain to be characterized. To gain insights about this point, the lung transcriptional signatures were analyzed for rats (n = 6 per group) exposed to filtered air, 30% rapeseed biodiesel (B30) blend or reference diesel (RF0), upstream and downstream a DPF, for 3 weeks (3 h/day, 5 days/week). Genomic analysis revealed a modest regulation of gene expression level (lower than a 2-fold) by both fuels and a higher number of genes regulated downstream the DPF than upstream, in response to either RF0 or to B30 exhaust emissions. The presence of DPF was found to notably impact the lung gene signature of rats exposed to B30. The number of genes regulated in common by both fuels was low, which is likely due to differences in concentrations of regulated pollutants in exhausts, notably for compound organic volatiles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, NO or NOx. Nevertheless, we have identified some pathways that were activated for both exhaust emissions, such as integrin-, IGF-1- and Rac-signaling pathways, likely reflecting the effects of gas phase products. By contrast, some canonical pathways relative to "oxidative phosphorylation" and "mitochondrial dysfunction" appear as specific to B30 exhaust emission; the repression of transcripts of mitochondrial respiratory chain in lung of rats exposed to B30 downstream of DPF supports the perturbation of mitochondria function. This study done with a recent diesel engine (compliant with the European IV emission standard) and commercially-available fuels reveals that the diesel blend composition and the presence of an after treatment system may modify lung gene signature of rats repeatedly exposed to exhaust emissions, however in a rather modest manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lecureur
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Christelle Monteil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Jaguin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Common Center of Measurements (CCM), Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - David Preterre
- CERTAM, 1 rue Joseph Fourier, 76800, Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Cécile Corbière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Thierry Douki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES/CIBEST, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France; Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
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Moreira AR, Pereira de Castro TB, Kohler JB, Ito JT, de França Silva LE, Lourenço JD, Almeida RR, Santana FR, Brito JM, Rivero DHRF, Vale MICA, Prado CM, Câmara NOS, Saldiva PHN, Olivo CR, Lopes FDTQDS. Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228393. [PMID: 32004356 PMCID: PMC6993960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ambient levels of air pollution induces respiratory illness exacerbation by increasing inflammatory responses and apoptotic cells in pulmonary tissues. The ineffective phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages has been considered an important factor in these pathological mechanisms. Depending on microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages can assume different phenotypes with different functional actions. M1 macrophages are recognized by their proinflammatory activity, whereas M2 macrophages play pivotal roles in responding to microorganisms and in efferocytosis to avoid the progression of inflammatory conditions. To verify how exposure to air pollutants interferes with macrophage polarization in emphysema development, we evaluated the different macrophage phenotypes in a PPE- induced model with the exposure to diesel exhaust particles. C57BL/6 mice received intranasal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to induce emphysema, and the control groups received saline. Both groups were exposed to diesel exhaust particles or filtered air for 60 days according to the groups. We observed that both the diesel and PPE groups had an increase in alveolar enlargement, collagen and elastic fibers in the parenchyma and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells in BAL, and these responses were exacerbated in animals that received PPE instillation prior to exposure to diesel exhaust particles. The same response pattern was found inCaspase-3 positive cell analysis, attesting to an increase in cell apoptosis, which is in agreement with the increase in M2 phenotype markers, measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We did not verify differences among the groups for the M1 phenotype. In conclusion, our results showed that both chronic exposure to diesel exhaust particles and PPE instillation induced inflammatory conditions, cell apoptosis and emphysema development, as well as an increase in M2 phenotype macrophages, and the combination of these two factors exacerbated these responses. The predominance of the M2-like phenotype likely occurred due to the increased demand for efferocytosis. However, M2 macrophage activity was ineffective, resulting in emphysema development and worsening of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyne Riani Moreira
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamyres Barros Pereira de Castro
- Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Benini Kohler
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Dias Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor) School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Mara Brito
- Department of Pathology (LIM 5), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 16), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice Rosa Olivo
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ji J, Upadhyay S, Xiong X, Malmlöf M, Sandström T, Gerde P, Palmberg L. Multi-cellular human bronchial models exposed to diesel exhaust particles: assessment of inflammation, oxidative stress and macrophage polarization. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:19. [PMID: 29716632 PMCID: PMC5930819 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are a major component of outdoor air pollution. DEP mediated pulmonary effects are plausibly linked to inflammatory and oxidative stress response in which macrophages (MQ), epithelial cells and their cell-cell interaction plays a crucial role. Therefore, in this study we aimed at studying the cellular crosstalk between airway epithelial cells with MQ and MQ polarization following exposure to aerosolized DEP by assessing inflammation, oxidative stress, and MQ polarization response markers. Method Lung mucosa models including primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) were co-cultured without (PBEC-ALI) and with MQ (PBEC-ALI/MQ). Cells were exposed to 12.7 μg/cm2 aerosolized DEP using XposeALI®. Control (sham) models were exposed to clean air. Cell viability was assessed. CXCL8 and IL-6 were measured in the basal medium by ELISA. The mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (CXCL8, IL6, TNFα), oxidative stress (NFKB, HMOX1, GPx) and MQ polarization markers (IL10, IL4, IL13, MRC1, MRC2 RETNLA, IL12 andIL23) were measured by qRT-PCR. The surface/mRNA expression of TLR2/TLR4 was detected by FACS and qRT-PCR. Results In PBEC-ALI exposure to DEP significantly increased the secretion of CXCL8, mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (CXCL8, TNFα) and oxidative stress markers (NFKB, HMOX1, GPx). However, mRNA expressions of these markers (CXCL8, IL6, NFKB, and HMOX1) were reduced in PBEC-ALI/MQ models after DEP exposure. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression increased after DEP exposure in PBEC-ALI. The surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on PBEC was significantly reduced in sham-exposed PBEC-ALI/MQ compared to PBEC-ALI. After DEP exposure surface expression of TLR2 was increased on PBEC of PBEC-ALI/MQ, while TLR4 was decreased in both models. DEP exposure resulted in similar expression pattern of TLR2/TLR4 on MQ as in PBEC. In PBEC-ALI/MQ, DEP exposure increased the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage markers (IL10, IL4, IL13, MRC1, MRC2). Conclusion The cellular interaction of PBEC with MQ in response to DEP plays a pivotal role for MQ phenotypic alteration towards M2-subtypes, thereby promoting an efficient resolution of the inflammation. Furthermore, this study highlighted the fact that cell–cell interaction using multicellular ALI-models combined with an in vivo-like inhalation exposure system is critical in better mimicking the airway physiology compared with traditional cell culture systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0256-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Swapna Upadhyay
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiaomiao Xiong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Malmlöf
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Gerde
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vojtíšek-Lom M, Beránek V, Klír V, Jindra P, Pechout M, Voříšek T. On-road and laboratory emissions of NO, NO 2, NH 3, N 2O and CH 4 from late-model EU light utility vehicles: Comparison of diesel and CNG. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:774-784. [PMID: 29126635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exhaust emissions of eight Euro 6 light duty vehicles - two station wagons and six vans - half powered by diesel fuel and half by compressed natural gas (CNG) were examined using both chassis dynamometer and on-road testing. A portable on-board FTIR analyzer was used to measure concentrations of reactive nitrogen compounds - NO, NO2 and ammonia, of CO, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and greenhouse gases CO2, methane and N2O. Exhaust flow was inferred from engine control unit data. Total emissions per cycle were compared and found to be in good agreement with laboratory measurements of NOX, CO and CO2 during dynamometer tests. On diesel engines, mean NOX emissions were 136-1070mg/km in the laboratory and 537-615mg/km on the road, in many cases nearly an order of magnitude higher compared to the numerical value of the Euro 6 limit. Mean N2O emissions were 3-19mg/km and were equivalent to several g/km CO2. The measurements suggest that NOX and N2O emissions from late-model European light utility vehicles with diesel engines are non-negligible and should be continuously assessed and scrutinized. High variances in NOX emissions among the tested diesel vehicles suggest that large number of vehicles should be tested to offer at least some insights about distribution of fleet emissions among vehicles. CNG engines exhibited relatively low emissions of NOX (12-186mg/km) and NH3 (10-24mg/km), while mean emissions of methane were 18-45mg/km, under 1g/km CO2 equivalent, and N2O, CO, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were negligible. The combination of a relatively clean-burning fuel, modern engine technology and a three-way catalyst has resulted in relatively low emissions under the wide variety of operating conditions encountered during the tests. The on-board FTIR has proven to be a useful instrument capable of covering, with the exception of total hydrocarbons, essentially all gaseous pollutants of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vojtíšek-Lom
- Center for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Vít Beránek
- Center for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Klír
- Center for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jindra
- Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pechout
- Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Voříšek
- SEVEn Energy Ltd., Americká 17, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Seriani R, de Souza CEC, Krempel PG, Frias DP, Matsuda M, Correia AT, Ferreira MZJ, Alencar AM, Negri EM, Saldiva PHN, Mauad T, Macchione M. Human bronchial epithelial cells exposed in vitro to diesel exhaust particles exhibit alterations in cell rheology and cytotoxicity associated with decrease in antioxidant defenses and imbalance in pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9862-9870. [PMID: 26856867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) from diesel engines produce adverse alterations in cells of the airways by activating intracellular signaling pathways and apoptotic gene overexpression, and also by influencing metabolism and cytoskeleton changes. This study used human bronchial epithelium cells (BEAS-2B) in culture and evaluates their exposure to DEPs (15ug/mL for 1 and 2 h) in order to determine changes to cell rheology (viscoelasticity) and gene expression of the enzymes involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. BEAS-2B cells exposed to DEPs were found to have a significant loss in stiffness, membrane stability, and mitochondrial activity. The genes involved in apoptosis [B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2 and caspase-3)] presented inversely proportional expressions (p = 0.05, p = 0.01, respectively), low expression of the genes involved in antioxidant responses [SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1); SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) (p = 0.01)], along with an increase in cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) (p = 0.01). These results suggest that alterations in cell rheology and cytotoxicity could be associated with oxidative stress and imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Seriani
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil.
- FAM - Faculdades das Américas, Rua Augusta, 1508, 3°andar, São Paulo, SP, 01304-001, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Emanuele Carvalho de Souza
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão - travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, 05508900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma Gava Krempel
- Laboratory for Investigations in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo 455, 5°andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil
| | - Daniela Perroni Frias
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil
| | - Monique Matsuda
- Laboratory for Investigations in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo 455, 5°andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil
| | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Heart Institute (InCor), Department of Cardiopulmonology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Cerqueira Cesar, 05403-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Zotti Justo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Microrheology and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R Número 187, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mesquita Alencar
- Laboratory of Microrheology and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R Número 187, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elnara Marcia Negri
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP:01246-903, Brazil
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10
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Ochieng J, Nangami GN, Ogunkua O, Miousse IR, Koturbash I, Odero-Marah V, McCawley LJ, Nangia-Makker P, Ahmed N, Luqmani Y, Chen Z, Papagerakis S, Wolf GT, Dong C, Zhou BP, Brown DG, Colacci AM, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Al-Temaimi R, Al-Mulla F, Bisson WH, Eltom SE. The impact of low-dose carcinogens and environmental disruptors on tissue invasion and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S128-59. [PMID: 26106135 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to stimulate new ideas regarding low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens and their potential to promote invasion and metastasis. Whereas a number of chapters in this review are devoted to the role of low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens in the promotion of invasion and metastasis in specific tumors such as breast and prostate, the overarching theme is the role of low-dose carcinogens in the progression of cancer stem cells. It is becoming clearer that cancer stem cells in a tumor are the ones that assume invasive properties and colonize distant organs. Therefore, low-dose contaminants that trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition, for example, in these cells are of particular interest in this review. This we hope will lead to the collaboration between scientists who have dedicated their professional life to the study of carcinogens and those whose interests are exclusively in the arena of tissue invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Gladys N Nangami
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Lisa J McCawley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yunus Luqmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy and
| | - Rabeah Al-Temaimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
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11
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Zhou F, Li S, Jia W, Lv G, Song C, Kang C, Zhang Q. Effects of diesel exhaust particles on microRNA-21 in human bronchial epithelial cells and potential carcinogenic mechanisms. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2329-35. [PMID: 25901472 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution plays a role in cancer risk, particularly in lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a component of diesel exhaust products, is a complex mixture of particle compounds that include a large number of known and suspected human carcinogens. Historically, lung cancer, which is associated with DEPs, has been the focus of attention as a health risk in human and animal studies. However, the mechanism by which DEPs cause lung cancer remains unclear. The present study reports that DEPs increased miR-21 expression and then activated the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, which may serve as an important carcinogenic mechanism. However, the data revealed that short-term exposure to a high DEP concentration did not cause evident cell carcinogenesis in HBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Suli Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Gang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine Fuel Science of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Chonglin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine Fuel Science of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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12
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Fariss MW, Gilmour MI, Reilly CA, Liedtke W, Ghio AJ. Emerging mechanistic targets in lung injury induced by combustion-generated particles. Toxicol Sci 2013; 132:253-67. [PMID: 23322347 PMCID: PMC4447844 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism for biological effect following exposure to combustion-generated particles is incompletely defined. The identification of pathways regulating the acute toxicological effects of these particles provides specific targets for therapeutic manipulation in an attempt to impact disease following exposures. Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels were identified as "particle sensors" in that their activation was coupled with the initiation of protective responses limiting airway deposition and inflammatory responses, which promote degradation and clearance of the particles. TRPA1, V1, V4, and M8 have a capacity to mediate adverse effects after exposure to combustion-generated particulate matter (PM); relative contributions of each depend upon particle composition, dose, and deposition. Exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to an organic extract of diesel exhaust particle was followed by TRPV4 mediating Ca(++) influx, increased RAS expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 activation. These novel pathways of biological effect can be targeted by compounds that specifically inhibit critical signaling reactions. In addition to TRPs and calcium biochemistry, humic-like substances (HLS) and cell/tissue iron equilibrium were identified as potential mechanistic targets in lung injury after particle exposure. In respiratory epithelial cells, iron sequestration by HLS in wood smoke particle (WSP) was associated with oxidant generation, cell signaling, transcription factor activation, and release of inflammatory mediators. Similar to WSP, cytotoxic insoluble nanosized spherical particles composed of HLS were isolated from cigarette smoke condensate. Therapies that promote bioelimination of HLS and prevent the disruption of iron homeostasis could function to reduce the harmful effects of combustion-generated PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Ian Gilmour
- †U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher A. Reilly
- ‡Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- §Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- †U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina
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13
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Regeneration of soft tissues is promoted by MMP1 treatment after digit amputation in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59105. [PMID: 23527099 PMCID: PMC3601098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ratio of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in wounded tissues strictly control the protease activity of MMPs, and therefore regulate the progress of wound closure, tissue regeneration and scar formation. Some amphibians (i.e. axolotl/newt) demonstrate complete regeneration of missing or wounded digits and even limbs; MMPs play a critical role during amphibian regeneration. Conversely, mammalian wound healing re-establishes tissue integrity, but at the expense of scar tissue formation. The differences between amphibian regeneration and mammalian wound healing can be attributed to the greater ratio of MMPs to TIMPs in amphibian tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of MMP1 to effectively promote skeletal muscle regeneration by favoring extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling to enhance cell proliferation and migration. In this study, MMP1 was administered to the digits amputated at the mid-second phalanx of adult mice to observe its effect on digit regeneration. Results indicated that the regeneration of soft tissue and the rate of wound closure were significantly improved by MMP1 administration, but the elongation of the skeletal tissue was insignificantly affected. During digit regeneration, more mutipotent progenitor cells, capillary vasculature and neuromuscular-related tissues were observed in MMP1 treated tissues; moreover, there was less fibrotic tissue formed in treated digits. In summary, MMP1 was found to be effective in promoting wound healing in amputated digits of adult mice.
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14
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Wu Y, Yu T, Gilbertson TA, Zhou A, Xu H, Nguyen KT. Biophysical assessment of single cell cytotoxicity: diesel exhaust particle-treated human aortic endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36885. [PMID: 22662129 PMCID: PMC3360744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a major source of traffic-related air pollution, has become a serious health concern due to its adverse influences on human health including cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. To elucidate the relationship between biophysical properties (cell topography, cytoskeleton organizations, and cell mechanics) and functions of endothelial cells exposed to DEPs, atomic force microscope (AFM) was applied to analyze the toxic effects of DEPs on a model cell line from human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were also applied to further explore DEP-induced cytotoxicity in HAECs. Results revealed that DEPs could negatively impair cell viability and alter membrane nanostructures and cytoskeleton components in a dosage- and a time-dependent manner; and analyses suggested that DEPs-induced hyperpolarization in HAECs appeared in a time-dependent manner, implying DEP treatment would lead to vasodilation, which could be supported by down-regulation of cell biophysical properties (e.g., cell elasticity). These findings are consistent with the conclusion that DEP exposure triggers important biochemical and biophysical changes that would negatively impact the pathological development of cardiovascular diseases. For example, DEP intervention would be one cause of vasodilation, which will expand understanding of biophysical aspects associated with DEP cytotoxicity in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhe Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Anhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kytai Truong Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
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15
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Ejaz S, Chekarova I, Ahmad M, Nasir A, Ashraf M, Lim CW. Pollution dilemma in Asian population: CNG and wound healing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 28:323-332. [PMID: 21784023 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Automobile exhaust constituents contribute significantly to air pollution in urban areas and compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered one of the most promising fuel alternatives for the future. CNG-powered four-stroke engine auto-rickshaws are ubiquitous in South Asian cities as taxi and for commercial transportation. Automotive exhaust contains several toxins, which are overwhelmingly toxic to the processes of wound healing. By utilizing the in vivo mouse model of wound healing, this report analyzes the effects of CNG-powered four-stroke auto-rickshaws smoke solution (4SARSS) on different events of wound healing; dermal matrix regeneration, re-epithelialization and neovascularization. A total of 72 adult mice, divided in eight groups were exposed to 4SARSS for 12 days. A highly significant reduction (P<0.001) in wound closure was observed among all 4SARSS treated groups, at each time point of the experiment. An immature development in both the neoepidermis and the neodermis was observed among all 4SARSS treated wounds with defective re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration and maturation of collagen bundles. Abbott curve, angular spectrum, 3D surface topographies, and histological investigations of wounds explicated highly significant activation (P<0.001) of delayed-neovascularization among 4SARSS treated wounds. All these annotations advocate excessive toxicity of emission from CNG-powered auto-rickshaws to the process of wound healing and people occupationally exposed to this toxic emissions may suffer varying degree of delayed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, R3 Stroke Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Angiogenesis and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
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16
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Lehmann AD, Blank F, Baum O, Gehr P, Rothen-Rutishauser BM. Diesel exhaust particles modulate the tight junction protein occludin in lung cells in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2009; 6:26. [PMID: 19814802 PMCID: PMC2770470 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-6-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using an in vitro triple cell co-culture model consisting of human epithelial cells (16HBE14o-), monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, it was recently demonstrated that macrophages and dendritic cells create a transepithelial network between the epithelial cells to capture antigens without disrupting the epithelial tightness. The expression of the different tight junction proteins in macrophages and dendritic cells, and the formation of tight junction-like structures with epithelial cells has been demonstrated. Immunofluorescent methods combined with laser scanning microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate if exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) (0.5, 5, 50, 125 μg/ml), for 24 h, can modulate the expression of the tight junction mRNA/protein of occludin, in all three cell types. Results Only the highest dose of DEP (125 μg/ml) seemed to reduce the occludin mRNA in the cells of the defence system however not in epithelial cells, although the occludin arrangement in the latter cell type was disrupted. The transepithelial electrical resistance was reduced in epithelial cell mono-cultures but not in the triple cell co-cultures, following exposure to high DEP concentration. Cytotoxicity was not found, in either epithelial mono-cultures nor in triple cell co-cultures, after exposure to the different DEP concentrations. Conclusion We concluded that high concentrations of DEP (125 μg/ml) can modulate the tight junction occludin mRNA in the cells of the defence system and that those cells play an important role maintaining the epithelial integrity following exposure to particulate antigens in lung cells.
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Seagrave J, Dunaway S, McDonald JD, Mauderly JL, Hayden P, Stidley C. RESPONSES OF DIFFERENTIATED PRIMARY HUMAN LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS TO EXPOSURE TO DIESEL EXHAUST AT AN AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE. Exp Lung Res 2009; 33:27-51. [PMID: 17364910 DOI: 10.1080/01902140601113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro responses of potential target cell types to air pollutants under physiological conditions may be useful in understanding the health effects of air pollution exposure. The study evaluated responses of human primary airway epithelial cells to diesel exhaust (DE). Cultures of cells from 3 donors, differentiated by culture on membranes with the apical surfaces exposed to the atmosphere, were exposed to filtered air or DE. Some exposure-related effects were similar among donors, whereas others were affected by the donor, consistent with human population heterogeneity. This model may be useful for mechanistic and comparative toxicology studies.
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Li N, Xia T, Nel AE. The role of oxidative stress in ambient particulate matter-induced lung diseases and its implications in the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1689-99. [PMID: 18313407 PMCID: PMC2387181 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is an environmental factor that has been associated with increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. The major effect of ambient PM on the pulmonary system is the exacerbation of inflammation, especially in susceptible people. One of the mechanisms by which ambient PM exerts its proinflammatory effects is the generation of oxidative stress by its chemical compounds and metals. Cellular responses to PM-induced oxidative stress include activation of antioxidant defense, inflammation, and toxicity. The proinflammatory effect of PM in the lung is characterized by increased cytokine/chemokine production and adhesion molecule expression. Moreover, there is evidence that ambient PM can act as an adjuvant for allergic sensitization, which raises the possibility that long-term PM exposure may lead to increased prevalence of asthma. In addition to ambient PM, rapid expansion of nanotechnology has introduced the potential that engineered nanoparticles (NP) may also become airborne and may contribute to pulmonary diseases by novel mechanisms that could include oxidant injury. Currently, little is known about the potential adverse health effects of these particles. In this communication, the mechanisms by which particulate pollutants, including ambient PM and engineered NP, exert their adverse effects through the generation of oxidative stress and the impacts of oxidant injury in the respiratory tract will be reviewed. The importance of cellular antioxidant and detoxification pathways in protecting against particle-induced lung damage will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Cooperative Research Centers, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- The Southern California Particle Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Cooperative Research Centers, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- The Southern California Particle Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Corresponding Author: Andre Nel, M.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680., Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107, E-mail:
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Bao L, Chen S, Wu L, Hei TK, Wu Y, Yu Z, Xu A. Mutagenicity of diesel exhaust particles mediated by cell-particle interaction in mammalian cells. Toxicology 2006; 229:91-100. [PMID: 17147977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) has been identified as a class 2A human carcinogen and closely related to the increased incidence of respiratory allergy, cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, and risk of lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of DEP mutagenicity/carcinogenicity are still largely unknown. In the present study, we focused on the mutagenicity of DEPs in human-hamster hybrid (A(L)) cells and evaluated the role of cell-particle interaction in mediating mutagenic process. We found that DEPs formed micron-sized aggregates in the medium and located mainly in large cytoplasmic vacuoles of cells by 24h treatment. The cellular granularity was increased by DEP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. DEPs resulted in a dose-dependent increase of mutation yield at CD59 locus in A(L) cells, while inflicting minimal cytotoxicity. There was a more than two-fold increase of mutation yield at CD59 locus in A(L) cells exposed to DEPs at a dose of 50mug/ml. Such induction was significantly reduced by concurrent treatment with phagocytosis inhibitors, cytochalasin B and ammonium chloride (p<0.05). These results provided direct evidence that DEPs was mutagenic in mammalian cells and that cell-particle interaction played an essential role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei, PR China
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Wadsworth SJ, Nijmeh HS, Hall IP. Glucocorticoids increase repair potential in a novel in vitro human airway epithelial wounding model. J Clin Immunol 2006; 26:376-87. [PMID: 16786432 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-9029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelial damage is a cardinal feature of chronic asthma. Agents which enhance epithelial repair without triggering uncontrolled fibrosis of the mesenchyme would be predicted to be useful in the management of asthma. We have developed a repeat wound model using mucociliated human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures to define the key pathways involved in airway epithelial repair, and to study the effects of potential therapeutic agents on epithelial repair in a chronic setting. We show that repair occurs primarily by cell migration to close a defect; this process requires activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and subsequent tyrosine kinase signalling. Migration is accompanied by up-regulation of CD44 in motile cells at the wound margins with proliferation of non-migrating cells adjacent to the wound area. In long-term studies beta2 adrenoceptor agonists and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have no effect on repair potential, in contrast chronic treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone extends the lifespan of repeatedly wounded differentiated cultures. We suggest part of the beneficial effects of glucocorticoids in asthma is related to this ability to prolong repair potential following repeated episodes of epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Wadsworth
- Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, D floor, South Block, Queens Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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van den Berg A, Freitas J, Keles F, Snoek M, van Marle J, Jansen HM, Lutter R. Cytoskeletal architecture differentially controls post-transcriptional processing of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA in airway epithelial-like cells. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:1496-506. [PMID: 16499908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are critically dependent on an intact cytoskeleton for innate defense functions. There are various pathophysiological conditions that affect the cytoskeletal architecture. We studied the effect of cytoskeletal distortion in polarized airway epithelial-like NCI-H292 cells on inflammatory gene expression, exemplified by interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8. Disruption of microtubule structure with vinblastin and of actin with cytochalasin D did not affect TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 and IL-8 gene transcription but stabilized IL-8 and IL-6 mRNA. In line with previous studies, IL-8 mRNA stabilization was paralleled by hyperresponsive IL-8 production, but surprisingly, IL-6 production was reduced despite IL-6 mRNA stabilization. Polysome profiling revealed that, in cells with a disrupted cytoskeleton, translational efficiency of IL-6 mRNA was reduced, whereas that of IL-8 mRNA remained unaffected. Our findings indicate that distortion of the cytoskeleton in airway epithelial cells differentially affects both degradation and translation of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA, modifying inflammatory gene expression and thus their innate defense function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen van den Berg
- Department of Pulmonology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Li N, Hao M, Phalen RF, Hinds WC, Nel AE. Particulate air pollutants and asthma. A paradigm for the role of oxidative stress in PM-induced adverse health effects. Clin Immunol 2004; 109:250-65. [PMID: 14697739 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2003.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, which involves a variety of different mediators, including reactive oxygen species. There is growing awareness that particulate pollutants act as adjuvants during allergic sensitization and can also induce acute asthma exacerbations. In this communication we review the role of oxidative stress in asthma, with an emphasis on the pro-oxidative effects of diesel exhaust particles and their chemicals in the respiratory tract. We review the biology of oxidative stress, including protective and injurious effects that explain the impact of particulate matter-induced oxidative stress in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Medicine/Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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