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Rhinovirus Infection and Virus-Induced Asthma. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122616. [PMID: 36560620 PMCID: PMC9781665 DOI: 10.3390/v14122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the aetiology of asthma is unclear, the onset and/or exacerbation of asthma may be associated with respiratory infections. Virus-induced asthma is also known as virus-associated/triggered asthma, and the reported main causative agent is rhinovirus (RV). Understanding the relationship between viral infections and asthma may overcome the gaps in deferential immunity between viral infections and allergies. Moreover, understanding the complicated cytokine networks involved in RV infection may be necessary. Therefore, the complexity of RV-induced asthma is not only owing to the response of airway and immune cells against viral infection, but also to allergic immune responses caused by the wide variety of cytokines produced by these cells. To better understand RV-induced asthma, it is necessary to elucidate the nature RV infections and the corresponding host defence mechanisms. In this review, we attempt to organise the complexity of RV-induced asthma to make it easily understandable for readers.
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Gandhi VD, Cephus JY, Norlander AE, Chowdhury NU, Zhang J, Ceneviva ZJ, Tannous E, Polosukhin VV, Putz ND, Wickersham N, Singh A, Ware LB, Bastarache JA, Shaver CM, Chu HW, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC. Androgen receptor signaling promotes Treg suppressive function during allergic airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153397. [PMID: 35025767 PMCID: PMC8843736 DOI: 10.1172/jci153397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have higher prevalence of asthma compared with men. In asthma, allergic airway inflammation is initiated by IL-33 signaling through ST2, leading to increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production and eosinophil infiltration. Foxp3+ Tregs suppress and ST2+ Tregs promote allergic airway inflammation. Clinical studies showed that the androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) reduced asthma symptoms in patients, and mouse studies showed that androgen receptor (AR) signaling decreased allergic airway inflammation. Yet the impact of AR signaling on lung Tregs remains unclear. Using AR-deficient and Foxp3 fate-mapping mice, we determined that AR signaling increased Treg suppression during Alternaria extract (Alt Ext; allergen) challenge by stabilizing Foxp3+ Tregs and limiting the number of ST2+ ex-Tregs and IL-13+ Th2 cells and ex-Tregs. AR signaling also decreased Alt Ext-induced ST2+ Tregs in mice by limiting expression of Gata2, a transcription factor for ST2, and by decreasing Alt Ext-induced IL-33 production from murine airway epithelial cells. We confirmed our findings in human cells where 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), an androgen, decreased IL-33-induced ST2 expression in lung Tregs and decreased Alt Ext-induced IL-33 secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings showed that AR signaling stabilized Treg suppressive function, providing a mechanism for the sex difference in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nowrin U. Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amrit Singh
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Hong Wei Chu
- National Jewish Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Lee SH, Kang SH, Han MS, Kwak JW, Kim HG, Lee TH, Lee DB, Kim TH. The Expression of ephrinA1/ephA2 Receptor Increases in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and ephrinA1/ephA2 Signaling Affects Rhinovirus-Induced Innate Immunity in Human Sinonasal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793517. [PMID: 34975898 PMCID: PMC8716742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA2 receptor and its ephrin ligands are involved in virus infection, epithelial permeability, and chemokine secretion. We hypothesized that ephrinA1/ephA2 signaling participates in rhinovirus (RV)-induced antiviral immune response in sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Therefore, we investigated the expression of ephrinA1/ephA2 in normal and inflamed sinonasal mucosa and evaluated whether they regulate chemokine secretion and the production of antiviral immune mediators including interferons (IFNs) in RV-infected human primary sinonasal epithelial cells. For this purpose, the expression and distribution of ephrinA1/ephA2 in sinonasal mucosa were evaluated with RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Their roles in chemokine secretion and the production of antiviral immune mediators such as type I and III IFNs, and interferon stimulated genes were evaluated by stimulating ephA2 with ephrinA1 and inactivating ephA2 with ephA2 siRNA or inhibitor in cells exposed to RV and poly(I:C). We found that ephrinA1/ephA2 were expressed in normal mucosa and their levels increased in inflamed sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients. RV infection or poly(I:C) treatment induced chemokine secretion which were attenuated by blocking the action of ephA2 with ephA2 siRNA or inhibitor. The production of antiviral immune mediators enhanced by rhinovirus or poly (I:C) is increased by blocking ephA2 compared with that of cells stimulated by either rhinovirus or poly(I:C) alone. In addition, blocking ephA2 attenuated RV replication in cultured cells. Taken together, these results describe a novel role of ephrinA1/ephA2 signaling in antiviral innate immune response in sinonasal epithelium, suggesting their participation in RV-induced development and exacerbations of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Manley GCA, Parker LC, Zhang Y. Emerging Regulatory Roles of Dual-Specificity Phosphatases in Inflammatory Airway Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E678. [PMID: 30764493 PMCID: PMC6387402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory airway disease, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a major health burden worldwide. These diseases cause large numbers of deaths each year due to airway obstruction, which is exacerbated by respiratory viral infection. The inflammatory response in the airway is mediated in part through the MAPK pathways: p38, JNK and ERK. These pathways also have roles in interferon production, viral replication, mucus production, and T cell responses, all of which are important processes in inflammatory airway disease. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are known to regulate the MAPKs, and roles for this family of proteins in the pathogenesis of airway disease are emerging. This review summarizes the function of DUSPs in regulation of cytokine expression, mucin production, and viral replication in the airway. The central role of DUSPs in T cell responses, including T cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation, will also be highlighted. In addition, the importance of this protein family in the lung, and the necessity of further investigation into their roles in airway disease, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C A Manley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Lisa C Parker
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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DUSP10 Negatively Regulates the Inflammatory Response to Rhinovirus through Interleukin-1β Signaling. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01659-18. [PMID: 30333178 PMCID: PMC6321923 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01659-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral infections, including those with rhinovirus, are the commonest cause of exacerbations. Novel therapeutics to limit viral inflammation are clearly required. The work presented here identifies DUSP10 as an important protein involved in limiting the inflammatory response in the airway without affecting immune control of the virus. Rhinoviral infection is a common trigger of the excessive inflammation observed during exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rhinovirus (RV) recognition by pattern recognition receptors activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which are common inducers of inflammatory gene production. A family of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) can regulate MAPK function, but their roles in rhinoviral infection are not known. We hypothesized that DUSPs would negatively regulate the inflammatory response to RV infection. Our results revealed that the p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs play key roles in the inflammatory response of epithelial cells to RV infection. Three DUSPs previously shown to have roles in innate immunity (DUSPs 1, 4, and 10) were expressed in primary bronchial epithelial cells, and one of them, DUSP10, was downregulated by RV infection. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of DUSP10 identified a role for the protein in negatively regulating inflammatory cytokine production in response to interleukin-1β (IL-1β), alone and in combination with RV, without any effect on RV replication. This study identifies DUSP10 as an important regulator of airway inflammation in respiratory viral infection. IMPORTANCE Rhinoviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral infections, including those with rhinovirus, are the commonest cause of exacerbations. Novel therapeutics to limit viral inflammation are clearly required. The work presented here identifies DUSP10 as an important protein involved in limiting the inflammatory response in the airway without affecting immune control of the virus.
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Nguyen-Thi-Dieu T, Le-Thi-Thu H, Duong-Quy S. The profile of leucocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, and cytokine concentrations in peripheral blood of children with acute asthma exacerbation. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1658-1669. [PMID: 28703634 PMCID: PMC5805192 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516680439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the leucocyte profile and cytokine concentrations in the
peripheral blood of children with an acute asthma exacerbation (AAE). Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study enrolled paediatric patients admitted
to hospital for AAE. The severity of AAE was assessed using the paediatric
asthma score (PAS). Peripheral blood samples were collected for automatic
quantification of white blood cell counts, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells
populations by flow cytometry and cytokine concentrations by flow
cytometry-assisted immunoassay. Results A total of 127 children with AAE and 30 healthy control subjects were
included in the study. The proportion of paediatric patients with decreased
CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in those with severe
AAE compared with those with mild-to-moderate AAE. The concentrations of
interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-4 in paediatric patients with
rhinovirus infection were significantly higher than in those without
rhinovirus infection. IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and GM-CSF concentrations
during AAE were significantly lower than control. IL-5 and IL-13
concentrations during AAE were significantly higher than control. Conclusions The decrease of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and
GM-CSF combined with the increase of IL-5 and IL-13, were associated with
AAE in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huong Le-Thi-Thu
- 2 Department of Immunology, Allergology, and Rheumatology, National Hospital of Paediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sy Duong-Quy
- 3 Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical-Biological Research Centre, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat, Vietnam.,4 Department of Physiology and Lung Functional Testing, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,5 Department of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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Keglowich LF, Borger P. The Three A's in Asthma - Airway Smooth Muscle, Airway Remodeling & Angiogenesis. Open Respir Med J 2015; 9:70-80. [PMID: 26106455 PMCID: PMC4475688 DOI: 10.2174/1874306401509010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects more than 300 million people worldwide and its prevalence is still rising. Acute asthma attacks are characterized by severe symptoms such as breathlessness, wheezing, tightness of the chest, and coughing, which may lead to hospitalization or death. Besides the acute symptoms, asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and airway wall remodeling. The term airway wall remodeling summarizes the structural changes in the airway wall: epithelial cell shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundles, basement membrane thickening and increased vascular density. Airway wall remodeling starts early in the pathogenesis of asthma and today it is suggested that remodeling is a prerequisite for other asthma pathologies. The beneficial effect of bronchial thermoplasty in reducing asthma symptoms, together with the increased potential of ASM cells of asthmatics to produce inflammatory and angiogenic factors, indicate that the ASM cell is a major effector cell in the pathology of asthma. In the present review we discuss the ASM cell and its role in airway wall remodeling and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Keglowich
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Borger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Ngan LTM, Jang MJ, Kwon MJ, Ahn YJ. Antiviral activity and possible mechanism of action of constituents identified in Paeonia lactiflora root toward human rhinoviruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121629. [PMID: 25860871 PMCID: PMC4393083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are responsible for more than half of all cases of the common cold and cost billions of USD annually in medical visits and missed school and work. An assessment was made of the antiviral activities and mechanisms of action of paeonol (PA) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) from Paeonia lactiflora root toward HRV-2 and HRV-4 in MRC5 cells using a tetrazolium method and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were compared with those of a reference control ribavirin. Based on 50% inhibitory concentration values, PGG was 13.4 and 18.0 times more active toward HRV-2 (17.89 μM) and HRV-4 (17.33 μM) in MRC5 cells, respectively, than ribavirin. The constituents had relatively high selective index values (3.3->8.5). The 100 μg/mL PA and 20 μg/mL PGG did not interact with the HRV-4 particles. These constituents inhibited HRV-4 infection only when they were added during the virus inoculation (0 h), the adsorption period of HRVs, but not after 1 h or later. Moreover, the RNA replication levels of HRVs were remarkably reduced in the MRC5 cultures treated with these constituents. These findings suggest that PGG and PA may block or reduce the entry of the viruses into the cells to protect the cells from the virus destruction and abate virus replication, which may play an important role in interfering with expressions of rhinovirus receptors (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, interferon beta, and IL-1β), and Toll-like receptor, which resulted in diminishing symptoms induced by HRV. Global efforts to reduce the level of synthetic drugs justify further studies on P. lactiflora root-derived materials as potential anti-HRV products or lead molecules for the prevention or treatment of HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Thi My Ngan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Biotransformation, Faculty of Biology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Myeong Jin Jang
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwon
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Ahn
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Oliver BGG, Robinson P, Peters M, Black J. Viral infections and asthma: an inflammatory interface? Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1666-81. [PMID: 25234802 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00047714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which the majority of patients respond to treatment with corticosteroids and β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Acute exacerbations of asthma substantially contribute to disease morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs, and are not restricted to patients who are not compliant with their treatment regimens. Given that respiratory viral infections are the principal cause of asthma exacerbations, this review article will explore the relationship between viral infections and asthma, and will put forward hypotheses as to why virus-induced exacerbations occur. Potential mechanisms that may explain why current therapeutics do not fully inhibit virus-induced exacerbations, for example, β₂-adrenergic desensitisation and corticosteroid insensitivity, are explored, as well as which aspects of virus-induced inflammation are likely to be attenuated by current therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G G Oliver
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Robinson
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Dept of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mathew Peters
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Concord General Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Judy Black
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Kim E, Lee H, Kim HS, Won S, Lee EK, Kim HS, Bang K, Chun YH, Yoon JS, Kim HH, Kim JT, Lee JS. The effect of rhinovirus on airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2013; 56:482-9. [PMID: 24348661 PMCID: PMC3859881 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.11.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in lower airway inflammatory immune responses, including cellular responses and responses in terms of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the airway, to rhinovirus (RV) infection on asthma exacerbation by comparing a control and a murine asthma model, with or without RV infection. METHODS BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with a crude extract of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and were subsequently intranasally treated with a crude extract of Df or PBS. Airway responsiveness and cell infiltration, differential cell counts in BALF, and cytokine and chemokine concentrations in BALF were measured 24 hours after intranasal RV1B infection. RESULTS RV infection increased the enhanced pause (Penh) in both the Df sensitized and challenged mice (Df mice) and PBS-treated mice (PBS mice) (P<0.05). Airway eosinophil infiltration increased in Df mice after RV infection (P<0.05). The levels of interleukin (IL) 13, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) increased in response to RV infection in Df mice, but not in PBS mice (P<0.05). The level of IL-10 significantly decreased following RV infection in Df mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the augmented induction of proinflammatory cytokines, Th2 cytokines, and chemokines that mediate an eosinophil response and the decreased induction of regulatory cytokines after RV infection may be important manifestations leading to airway inflammation with eosinophil infiltration and changes in airway responsiveness in the asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Huisu Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sulmui Won
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eu Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyongwon Bang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hong Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Tack Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Sung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bradykinin- and lipopolysaccharide-induced bradykinin B2 receptor expression, interleukin 8 release and “nitrosative stress” in bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B: Role for neutrophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 694:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dieudonné A, Torres D, Blanchard S, Taront S, Jeannin P, Delneste Y, Pichavant M, Trottein F, Gosset P. Scavenger receptors in human airway epithelial cells: role in response to double-stranded RNA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41952. [PMID: 22879901 PMCID: PMC3413698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) cooperate in response to danger signals to adjust the host immune response. The TLR3 agonist double stranded (ds)RNA is an efficient activator of innate signalling in bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, we aimed at defining the role played by scavenger receptors expressed by bronchial epithelial cells in the control of the innate response to dsRNA both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of several scavenger receptor involved in pathogen recognition was first evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells in steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Their implication in the uptake of dsRNA and the subsequent cell activation was evaluated in vitro by competition with ligand of scavenger receptors including maleylated ovalbumin and by RNA silencing. The capacity of maleylated ovalbumin to modulate lung inflammation induced by dsRNA was also investigated in mice. Exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α increased expression of the scavenger receptors LOX-1 and CXCL16 and the capacity to internalize maleylated ovalbumin, whereas activation by TLR ligands did not. In contrast, the expression of SR-B1 was not modulated in these conditions. Interestingly, supplementation with maleylated ovalbumin limited dsRNA uptake and inhibited subsequent activation of bronchial epithelial cells. RNA silencing of LOX-1 and SR-B1 strongly blocked the dsRNA-induced cytokine production. Finally, administration of maleylated ovalbumin in mice inhibited the dsRNA-induced infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar spaces and lung draining lymph nodes. Together, our data characterize the function of SR-B1 and LOX-1 in bronchial epithelial cells and their implication in dsRNA-induced responses, a finding that might be relevant during respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dieudonné
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
- Service d’Hématologie-Immunologie-Cytogénétique, CH de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - David Torres
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
| | - Simon Blanchard
- LUNAM Université, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Inserm, Unit 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Nantes, France
- CNRS, Unit 6299, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, CHU Angers, Laboratoire d’Immunologie et d’Allergologie, Angers, France
| | - Solenne Taront
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Genomic and metabolic diseases, CNRS UMR8199, IBL, Lille, France
| | - Pascale Jeannin
- LUNAM Université, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Inserm, Unit 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Nantes, France
- CNRS, Unit 6299, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, CHU Angers, Laboratoire d’Immunologie et d’Allergologie, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- LUNAM Université, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Inserm, Unit 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Nantes, France
- CNRS, Unit 6299, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, CHU Angers, Laboratoire d’Immunologie et d’Allergologie, Angers, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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Jornot L, Cordey S, Caruso A, Gerber C, Vukicevic M, Tapparel C, Kaiser L, Burger D, Roosnek E, Lacroix JS, Rochat T. T lymphocytes promote the antiviral and inflammatory responses of airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26293. [PMID: 22022590 PMCID: PMC3194808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS T cells modulate the antiviral and inflammatory responses of airway epithelial cells to human rhinoviruses (HRV). METHODS Differentiated primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) grown on collagen-coated filters were exposed apically to HRV14 for 6 h, washed thoroughly and co-cultured with anti-CD3/CD28 activated T cells added in the basolateral compartment for 40 h. RESULTS HRV14 did not induce IFNγ, NOS2, CXCL8 and IL-6 in HNEC, but enhanced expression of the T cell attractant CXCL10. On the other hand, HNEC co-cultured with activated T cells produced CXCL10 at a level several orders of magnitude higher than that induced by HRV14. Albeit to a much lower degree, activated T cells also induced CXCL8, IL-6 and NOS2. Anti-IFNγ antibodies and TNF soluble receptor completely blocked CXCL10 upregulation. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between epithelial CXCL10 mRNA expression and the amounts of IFNγ and TNF secreted by T cells. Likewise, increasing numbers of T cells to a constant number of HNEC in co-cultures resulted in increasing epithelial CXCL10 production, attaining a plateau at high IFNγ and TNF levels. Hence, HNEC activation by T cells is induced mainly by IFNγ and/or TNF. Activated T cells also markedly inhibited viral replication in HNEC, partially through activation of the nitric oxide pathway. CONCLUSION Cross-talk between T cells and HNEC results in activation of the latter and increases their contribution to airway inflammation and virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jornot
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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14
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Bhakta NR, Woodruff PG. Human asthma phenotypes: from the clinic, to cytokines, and back again. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:220-32. [PMID: 21682748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A large body of experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines orchestrate allergic airway inflammation in animal models. However, human asthma is heterogeneous with respect to clinical features, cellular sources of inflammation, and response to common therapies. This disease heterogeneity has been investigated using sputum cytology as well as unbiased clustering approaches using cellular and clinical data. Important differences in cytokine-driven inflammation may underlie this heterogeneity, and studies in human subjects with asthma have begun to elucidate these molecular differences. This molecular heterogeneity may be assessed by existing biomarkers (induced sputum evaluation or exhaled nitric oxide testing) or may require novel biomarkers. Effective testing and application of emerging therapies that target Th2 cytokines will depend on accurate and easily obtained biomarkers of this molecular heterogeneity in asthma. Furthermore, whether other non-Th2 cytokine pathways underlie airway inflammation in specific subsets of patients with asthma is an unresolved question and an important goal of future research using both mouse models and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav R Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa suppresses interferon response to rhinovirus infection in cystic fibrosis but not in normal bronchial epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4131-45. [PMID: 21825067 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05120-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increased morbidity associated with secondary respiratory viral infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of P. aeruginosa infection on the innate immune responses of bronchial epithelial cells to rhinovirus (RV) infection. CF cells sequentially infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa (MPA) and RV showed lower levels of interferons (IFNs) and higher viral loads than those of RV-infected cells. Unlike results for CF cells, normal bronchial epithelial cells coinfected with MPA/RV showed higher IFN expression than RV-infected cells. In both CF and normal cells, the RV-stimulated IFN response requires phosphorylation of Akt and interferon response factor 3 (IRF3). Preinfection with MPA inhibited RV-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and decreased IRF3 phosphorylation in CF cells but not in normal cells. Compared to normal, unstimulated CF cells or normal cells treated with CFTR inhibitor showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Treatment of CF cells with antioxidants prior to MPA infection partially reversed the suppressive effect of MPA on the RV-stimulated IFN response. Together, these results suggest that MPA preinfection inhibits viral clearance by suppressing the antiviral response particularly in CF cells but not in normal cells. Further, increased oxidative stress in CF cells appears to modulate the innate immune responses to coinfection.
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16
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Abstract
Viral infections affect wheezing and asthma in children and adults of all ages. In infancy, wheezing illnesses are usually viral in origin, and children with more severe wheezing episodes are more likely to develop recurrent episodes of asthma and to develop asthma later in childhood. Children who develop allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (allergic sensitization) and those who wheeze with human rhinoviruses (HRV) are at especially high risk for asthma. In older children and adults, HRV infections generally cause relatively mild respiratory illnesses and yet contribute to acute and potentially severe exacerbations in patients with asthma. These findings underline the importance of understanding the synergistic nature of allergic sensitization and infections with HRV in infants relative to the onset of asthma and in children and adults with respect to exacerbations of asthma. This review discusses clinical and experimental evidence of virus-allergen interactions and evaluates theories which relate immunologic responses to respiratory viruses and allergens to the pathogenesis and disease activity of asthma. Greater understanding of the relationship between viral respiratory infections, allergic inflammation, and asthma is likely to suggest new strategies for the prevention and treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Gavala
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul J. Bertics
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Abstract
Rhinoviral infection is an important trigger of acute inflammatory exacerbations in patients with underlying airway disease. We have previously established that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is central in the communication between epithelial cells and monocytes during the initiation of inflammation. In this study we explored the roles of IL-1β and its signaling pathways in the responses of airway cells to rhinovirus-1B (RV-1B) and further determined how responses to RV-1B were modified in a model of bacterial coinfection. Our results revealed that IL-1β dramatically potentiated RV-1B-induced proinflammatory responses, and while monocytes did not directly amplify responses to RV-1B alone, they played an important role in the responses observed with our coinfection model. MyD88 is the essential signaling adapter for IL-1β and most Toll-like receptors. To examine the role of MyD88 in more detail, we created stable MyD88 knockdown epithelial cells using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeted to MyD88. We determined that IL-1β/MyD88 plays a role in regulating RV-1B replication and the inflammatory response to viral infection of airway cells. These results identify central roles for IL-1β and its signaling pathways in the production of CXCL8, a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, in viral infection. Thus, IL-1β is a viable target for controlling the neutrophilia that is often found in inflammatory airway disease and is exacerbated by viral infection of the airways.
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18
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Schneider D, Ganesan S, Comstock AT, Meldrum CA, Mahidhara R, Goldsmith AM, Curtis JL, Martinez FJ, Hershenson MB, Sajjan U. Increased cytokine response of rhinovirus-infected airway epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:332-40. [PMID: 20395558 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200911-1673oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Airway inflammation is a central feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD exacerbations are often triggered by rhinovirus (RV) infection. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD maintain a proinflammatory phenotype compared with control subjects, leading to greater RV responses. METHODS Cells were isolated from tracheobronchial tissues of 12 patients with COPD and 10 transplant donors. Eight patients with COPD had severe emphysema, three had mild to moderate emphysema, and one had no emphysema. All had moderate to severe airflow obstruction, and six met criteria for chronic bronchitis or had at least one exacerbation the previous year. Cells were grown at air-liquid interface and infected with RV serotype 39. Cytokine and IFN expression was measured by ELISA. Selected genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and proteolysis were assessed by focused gene array and real-time polymerase chain reaction. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared with control subjects, cells from patients with COPD demonstrated increased mRNA expression of genes involved in oxidative stress and the response to viral infection, including NOX1, DUOXA2, MMP12, ICAM1, DDX58/RIG-I, STAT1, and STAT2. COPD cells showed elevated baseline and RV-stimulated protein levels of IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, and growth-related oncogene-alpha/CXCL1. COPD cells demonstrated increased viral titer and copy number after RV infection, despite increased IL-29/IFN-lambda1, IL-28A/IFN-lambda2, and IFN-inducible protein-10/CXCL10 protein levels. Finally, RV-infected COPD cultures showed increased mRNA expression of IL28A/IFNlambda2, IL29/IFNlambda1, IFIH1/MDA5, DDX58/RIG-I, DUOX1, DUOX2, IRF7, STAT1, and STAT2. CONCLUSIONS Airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD show higher baseline levels of cytokine expression and increased susceptibility to RV infection, despite an increased IFN response.
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19
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Bochkov YA, Hanson KM, Keles S, Brockman-Schneider RA, Jarjour NN, Gern JE. Rhinovirus-induced modulation of gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells from subjects with asthma. Mucosal Immunol 2010; 3:69-80. [PMID: 19710636 PMCID: PMC2884103 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2009.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infections trigger asthma exacerbations. Genome-wide expression analysis of RV1A-infected primary bronchial epithelial cells from normal and asthmatic donors was performed to determine whether asthma is associated with a unique pattern of RV-induced gene expression. Virus replication rates were similar in cells from normal and asthmatic donors. Overall, RV downregulated 975 and upregulated 69 genes. Comparisons of transcriptional profiles generated from microarrays and confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and cluster analysis showed some up- and downregulated genes in asthma cells involved in immune responses (IL1B, IL1F9, IL24, and IFI44) and airway remodeling (LOXL2, MMP10, FN1). Notably, most of the asthma-related differences in RV-infected cells were also present in the cells before infection. These findings suggest that differences in RV-induced gene expression profiles of cells from normal and mild asthmatic subjects could affect the acute inflammatory response to RV, and subsequent airway repair and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- YA Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - KM Hanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - S Keles
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - NN Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - JE Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Andréoletti L, Renois F, Jacques J, Lévêque N. Entérovirus non poliomyélitiques et pathologies respiratoires. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:921-30. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20092511921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
The prevalence of asthma has dramatically increased in recent decades. Exacerbations of asthma are a large contributor to asthma-related costs, and are primarily caused by viral and atypical bacterial infections. Rhinoviruses (RVs) are the most common viruses detected after an asthma exacerbation. RVs, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) viral infections early in life can induce wheezing and are associated with the development of asthma later in life. Atypical bacterial infections from Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae have also been linked to chronic asthma and potential asthma exacerbations. In this article, we will discuss recent developments in viral infections, specifically RV, RSV, and hMPV, and atypical bacterial infections as causes of asthma exacerbations, including new data focusing on the host immune response in airway epithelial cells and animal models of infection.
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22
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Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2009; 15:79-87. [PMID: 19077710 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e32831fb1f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Kallal LE, Lukacs NW. The role of chemokines in virus-associated asthma exacerbations. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2008; 8:443-50. [PMID: 18682112 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-008-0084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by mast cell activation, mucus hypersecretion, airway obstruction, influx and activation of eosinophils, and generation of a predominant T-helper type 2-based cytokine environment. In individuals with established asthma, acute exacerbations requiring hospitalization result primarily from pulmonary viral infection, such as with influenza, rhinovirus, or respiratory syncytial virus. The mechanism for viral exacerbation of the asthmatic response is unclear, but evidence points to a key role for chemokines, a class of cytokines that are important in leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory cell activation, and T-cell differentiation. In this review, we focus on the chemokines upregulated in acute viral-induced exacerbation and examine their role in promoting the virus-induced pathophysiologic response in asthmatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Kallal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Michigan, 4620 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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