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Colon Hidalgo D, Jordan M, Posey JN, Burciaga SD, Nguyen TTN, Sul C, Lewis CV, Delaney C, Nozik ES. Lung EC-SOD Overexpression Prevents Hypoxia-Induced Platelet Activation and Lung Platelet Accumulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:975. [PMID: 39199221 PMCID: PMC11351248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease marked by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular failure. Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical in PH pathogenesis, with early pulmonary vascular inflammation preceding vascular remodeling. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), a key vascular antioxidant enzyme, mitigates oxidative stress and protects against inflammation and fibrosis in diverse lung and vascular disease models. This study utilizes a murine hypobaric hypoxia model to investigate the role of lung EC-SOD on hypoxia-induced platelet activation and platelet lung accumulation, a critical factor in PH-related inflammation. We found that lung EC-SOD overexpression blocked hypoxia-induced platelet activation and platelet accumulation in the lung. Though lung EC-SOD overexpression increased lung EC-SOD content, it did not impact plasma extracellular SOD activity. However, ex vivo, exogenous extracellular SOD treatment specifically blunted convulxin-induced platelet activation but did not blunt platelet activation with thrombin or ADP. Our data identify platelets as a novel target of EC-SOD in response to hypoxia, providing a foundation to advance the understanding of dysregulated redox signaling and platelet activation in PH and other chronic hypoxic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Colon Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mariah Jordan
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Janelle N. Posey
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Samuel D. Burciaga
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thi-Tina N. Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Sul
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Caitlin V. Lewis
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cassidy Delaney
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eva S. Nozik
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Elajaili HB, Dee NM, Dikalov SI, Kao JPY, Nozik ES. Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) to Evaluate Redox Status in a Preclinical Model of Acute Lung Injury. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:495-502. [PMID: 37193807 PMCID: PMC10188229 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with hyper- vs. hypo-inflammatory subphenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) exhibit different clinical outcomes. Inflammation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased ROS contributes to the severity of illness. Our long-term goal is to develop electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging of lungs in vivo to precisely measure superoxide production in ARDS in real time. As a first step, this requires the development of in vivo EPR methods for quantifying superoxide generation in the lung during injury, and testing if such superoxide measurements can differentiate between susceptible and protected mouse strains. PROCEDURES In WT mice, mice lacking total body extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) (KO), or mice overexpressing lung EC-SOD (Tg), lung injury was induced with intraperitoneal (IP) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg). At 24 h after LPS treatment, mice were injected with the cyclic hydroxylamines 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine hydrochloride (CPH) or 4-acetoxymethoxycarbonyl-1-hydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (DCP-AM-H) probes to detect, respectively, cellular and mitochondrial ROS - specifically superoxide. Several probe delivery strategies were tested. Lung tissue was collected up to one hour after probe administration and assayed by EPR. RESULTS As measured by X-band EPR, cellular and mitochondrial superoxide increased in the lungs of LPS-treated mice compared to control. Lung cellular superoxide was increased in EC-SOD KO mice and decreased in EC-SOD Tg mice compared to WT. We also validated an intratracheal (IT) delivery method, which enhanced the lung signal for both spin probes compared to IP administration. CONCLUSIONS We have developed protocols for delivering EPR spin probes in vivo, allowing detection of cellular and mitochondrial superoxide in lung injury by EPR. Superoxide measurements by EPR could differentiate mice with and without lung injury, as well as mouse strains with different disease susceptibilities. We expect these protocols to capture real-time superoxide production and enable evaluation of lung EPR imaging as a potential clinical tool for subphenotyping ARDS patients based on redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Elajaili
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., B131, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nathan M Dee
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., B131, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sergey I Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph P Y Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva S Nozik
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., B131, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Knight H, Abis G, Kaur M, Green HL, Krasemann S, Hartmann K, Lynham S, Clark J, Zhao L, Ruppert C, Weiss A, Schermuly RT, Eaton P, Rudyk O. Cyclin D-CDK4 Disulfide Bond Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Cell Proliferation. Circ Res 2023; 133:966-988. [PMID: 37955182 PMCID: PMC10699508 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic vascular disease characterized, among other abnormalities, by hyperproliferative smooth muscle cells and a perturbed cellular redox and metabolic balance. Oxidants induce cell cycle arrest to halt proliferation; however, little is known about the redox-regulated effector proteins that mediate these processes. Here, we report a novel kinase-inhibitory disulfide bond in cyclin D-CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and investigate its role in cell proliferation and PH. METHODS Oxidative modifications of cyclin D-CDK4 were detected in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Site-directed mutagenesis, tandem mass-spectrometry, cell-based experiments, in vitro kinase activity assays, in silico structural modeling, and a novel redox-dead constitutive knock-in mouse were utilized to investigate the nature and definitively establish the importance of CDK4 cysteine modification in pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. Furthermore, the cyclin D-CDK4 oxidation was assessed in vivo in the pulmonary arteries and isolated human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in 3 preclinical models of PH. RESULTS Cyclin D-CDK4 forms a reversible oxidant-induced heterodimeric disulfide dimer between C7/8 and C135, respectively, in cells in vitro and in pulmonary arteries in vivo to inhibit cyclin D-CDK4 kinase activity, decrease Rb (retinoblastoma) protein phosphorylation, and induce cell cycle arrest. Mutation of CDK4 C135 causes a kinase-impaired phenotype, which decreases cell proliferation rate and alleviates disease phenotype in an experimental mouse PH model, suggesting this cysteine is indispensable for cyclin D-CDK4 kinase activity. Pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension display a decreased level of CDK4 disulfide, consistent with CDK4 being hyperactive in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Furthermore, auranofin treatment, which induces the cyclin D-CDK4 disulfide, attenuates disease severity in experimental PH models by mitigating pulmonary vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS A novel disulfide bond in cyclin D-CDK4 acts as a rapid switch to inhibit kinase activity and halt cell proliferation. This oxidative modification forms at a critical cysteine residue, which is unique to CDK4, offering the potential for the design of a selective covalent inhibitor predicted to be beneficial in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Knight
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo Abis
- Division of Biosciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L.H. Green
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (S.K., K.H.)
| | - Kristin Hartmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (S.K., K.H.)
| | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Core Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry (S.L.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - James Clark
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.Z.)
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Giessen Biobank, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany (C.R.)
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany (A.W., R.T.S.)
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany (A.W., R.T.S.)
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.E.)
| | - Olena Rudyk
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
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Metabolism, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Redox Homeostasis in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020428. [PMID: 35204311 PMCID: PMC8869288 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a group of disorders characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, progressive right ventricular failure, and often death. Some of the hallmarks of pulmonary hypertension include endothelial dysfunction, intimal and medial proliferation, vasoconstriction, inflammatory infiltration, and in situ thrombosis. The vascular remodeling seen in pulmonary hypertension has been previously linked to the hyperproliferation of PA smooth muscle cells. This excess proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells has recently been associated with changes in metabolism and mitochondrial biology, including changes in glycolysis, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial quality control. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that have been reported to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic changes, and redox biology in PH.
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Protective Effects of Estrogen on Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5523516. [PMID: 34257804 PMCID: PMC8260319 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perimenopause is an important stage of female senescence. Epidemiological investigation has shown that the incidence of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women is lower than that in men, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women is significantly higher than that in men. This phenomenon reveals that estrogen has a definite protective effect on the cardiovascular system. In the cardiovascular system, oxidative stress is considered important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, myocardial dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia. From the perspective of oxidative stress, estrogen plays a regulatory role in the cardiovascular system through the estrogen receptor, providing strategies for the treatment of menopausal women with cardiovascular diseases.
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Kusuyama J, Alves-Wagner AB, Conlin RH, Makarewicz NS, Albertson BG, Prince NB, Kobayashi S, Kozuka C, Møller M, Bjerre M, Fuglsang J, Miele E, Middelbeek RJW, Xiudong Y, Xia Y, Garneau L, Bhattacharjee J, Aguer C, Patti ME, Hirshman MF, Jessen N, Hatta T, Ovesen PG, Adamo KB, Nozik-Grayck E, Goodyear LJ. Placental superoxide dismutase 3 mediates benefits of maternal exercise on offspring health. Cell Metab 2021; 33:939-956.e8. [PMID: 33770509 PMCID: PMC8103776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poor maternal diet increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring, adding to the ever-increasing prevalence of these diseases. In contrast, we find that maternal exercise improves the metabolic health of offspring, and here, we demonstrate that this occurs through a vitamin D receptor-mediated increase in placental superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) expression and secretion. SOD3 activates an AMPK/TET signaling axis in fetal offspring liver, resulting in DNA demethylation at the promoters of glucose metabolic genes, enhancing liver function, and improving glucose tolerance. In humans, SOD3 is upregulated in serum and placenta from physically active pregnant women. The discovery of maternal exercise-induced cross talk between placenta-derived SOD3 and offspring liver provides a central mechanism for improved offspring metabolic health. These findings may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to limit the transmission of metabolic disease to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Kusuyama
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Ana Barbara Alves-Wagner
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Royce H Conlin
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan S Makarewicz
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent G Albertson
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noah B Prince
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shio Kobayashi
- Section of Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; YCI Laboratory for Metabolic Epigenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Magnus Møller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Fuglsang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emily Miele
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Xiudong
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Léa Garneau
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, recherche, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, recherche, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mary Elizabeth Patti
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Per Glud Ovesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang R, Wang L, Zhao QH, Jiang R, Gong SG, Jiang X, Xu XQ, He YY, Li Y, Jing ZC. Alteration of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:509. [PMID: 33282881 PMCID: PMC7705200 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are an important family of antioxidant enzymes that modulate reactive oxygen species levels. It is largely unknown which SOD isoform(s) change in vivo in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients. Methods: A total of 133 consecutive adult IPAH patients who underwent bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) genetic counseling were enrolled in this prospective study. The plasma activities of three subtypes of SOD [copper–zinc (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese (Mn-SOD), and extracellular SOD (Ec-SOD)] were examined. Results: The activities of SODs were significantly lower in IPAH patients than in healthy subjects. However, only Ec-SOD activity in BMPR2 mutation patients was significantly decreased compared to those in patients without a mutation. The reduced Ec-SOD activity was markedly associated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and 6-min walking distance (6MWD). The reduction of Mn-SOD activity was only associated with 6MWD. There was no association between Cu/Zn-SOD and hemodynamics. Patients with a lower Ec-SOD level had a worse survival compared to those with a higher baseline. The reduced Ec-SOD activity and the raised PVR increased the mortality risk. Conclusions: Ec-SOD was correlated with BMPR2 mutation, hemodynamic dysfunction, and poor outcomes. Circulating Ec-SOD could be a potentially vital antioxidant enzyme in the pathogenesis of IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Gang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Qi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang He
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Yan S, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Vasoconstrictor Mechanisms in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Oxidant Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E999. [PMID: 33076504 PMCID: PMC7602539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated resistance of pulmonary circulation after chronic hypoxia exposure leads to pulmonary hypertension. Contributing to this pathological process is enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction through both calcium-dependent and calcium sensitization mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of increased enzymatic production and/or decreased scavenging, participate in augmentation of pulmonary arterial constriction by potentiating calcium influx as well as activation of myofilament sensitization, therefore mediating the development of pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the effects of chronic hypoxia on sources of ROS within the pulmonary vasculature including NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, xanthine oxidase, monoamine oxidases and dysfunctional superoxide dismutases. We also summarize the ROS-induced functional alterations of various Ca2+ and K+ channels involved in regulating Ca2+ influx, and of Rho kinase that is responsible for myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. A variety of antioxidants have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic effects in animal models of pulmonary hypertension, supporting the role of ROS in the development of pulmonary hypertension. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which ROS enhance vasoconstriction will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.Y.); (T.C.R.)
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9
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Ohlstrom D, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Garcia AM, Allawzi A, Karimpour-Fard A, Sucharov CC, Nozik-Grayck E. MicroRNA regulation postbleomycin due to the R213G extracellular superoxide dismutase variant is predicted to suppress inflammatory and immune pathways. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:245-254. [PMID: 32421439 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00116.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the development of dysregulated inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI). A naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism in the key extracellular antioxidant enzyme, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), results in an arginine to glycine substitution (R213G) that promotes resolution of inflammation and protection against bleomycin-induced ALI. Previously we found that mice harboring the R213G mutation in EC-SOD exhibit a transcriptomic profile consistent with a striking suppression of inflammatory and immune pathways 7 days postbleomycin. However, the alterations in noncoding regulatory RNAs in wild-type (WT) and R213G EC-SOD lungs have not been examined. Therefore, we used next-generation microRNA (miR) Sequencing of lung tissue to identify dysregulated miRs 7 days after bleomycin in WT and R213G mice. Differential expression analysis identified 92 WT and 235 R213G miRs uniquely dysregulated in their respective genotypes. Subsequent pathway analysis identified that these miRs were predicted to regulate approximately half of the differentially expressed genes previously identified. The gene targets of these altered miRs indicate suppression of immune and inflammatory pathways in the R213G mice versus activation of these pathways in WT mice. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) signaling was identified as the inflammatory pathway with the most striking difference between WT and R213G lungs. miR-486b-3p was identified as the most dysregulated miR predicted to regulate the TREM1 pathway. We validated the increase in TREM1 signaling using miR-486b-3p antagomir transfection. These findings indicate that differential miR regulation is predicted to regulate the inflammatory gene profile, contributing to the protection against ALI in R213G mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Ohlstrom
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, C Colorado
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, C Colorado
| | - Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, C Colorado
| | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, C Colorado
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10
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Davizon‐Castillo P, Allawzi A, Sorrells M, Fisher S, Baltrunaite K, Neeves K, Nozik‐Grayck E, DiPaola J, Delaney C. Platelet activation in experimental murine neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14386. [PMID: 32163236 PMCID: PMC7066872 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental neonatal pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Platelets are the primary source of circulating 5-HT and is released upon platelet activation. Platelet transfusions are associated with neonatal mortality and increased rates of BPD. As BPD is often complicated by PH, we tested the hypothesis that circulating platelets are activated and also increased in the lungs of neonatal mice with bleomycin-induced PH associated with BPD. Newborn wild-type mice received intraperitoneal bleomycin (3 units/kg) three times weekly for 3 weeks. Platelets from mice with experimental PH exhibited increased adhesion to collagen under flow (at 300 s-1 and 1,500 s-1 ) and increased expression of the αIIbβ3 integrin and phosphatidylserine, markers of platelet activation. Platelet-derived factors 5-HT and platelet factor 4 were increased in plasma from mice with experimental PH. Pharmacologic blockade of the 5-HT 2A receptor (5-HT 2A R) prevents bleomycin-induced PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here, platelets from mice with bleomycin-induced PH demonstrate increased 5-HT 2A R expression providing further evidence of both platelet activation and increased 5-HT signaling in this model. In addition, bleomycin treatment increased lung platelet accumulation. In summary, platelets are activated, granule factors are released, and are increased in numbers in the lungs of mice with experimental neonatal PH. These results suggest platelet activation and release of platelet-derived factors may increase vascular tone, promote aberrant angiogenesis, and contribute to the development of neonatal PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Davizon‐Castillo
- Section of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow TransplantUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research LaboratoryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Matthew Sorrells
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringColorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA
| | - Susan Fisher
- Section of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Kristina Baltrunaite
- Section of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Keith Neeves
- Section of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow TransplantUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Eva Nozik‐Grayck
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research LaboratoryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Jorge DiPaola
- Division of Pediatric Hematology OncologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Cassidy Delaney
- Section of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
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11
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Tseng V, Ni K, Allawzi A, Prohaska C, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Elajaili H, Cali V, Midura R, Hascall V, Triggs-Raine B, Petrache I, Hart CM, Nozik-Grayck E. Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Regulates Early Vascular Hyaluronan Remodeling in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Sci Rep 2020; 10:280. [PMID: 31937874 PMCID: PMC6959284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia leads to pathologic remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) protects against hypoxia-induced PH. Hyaluronan (HA), a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan of the lung extracellular matrix, is rapidly recycled at sites of vessel injury and repair. We investigated the hypothesis that SOD3 preserves HA homeostasis by inhibiting oxidative and enzymatic hyaluronidase-mediated HA breakdown. In SOD3-deficient mice, hypoxia increased lung hyaluronidase expression and activity, hyaluronan fragmentation, and effacement of HA from the vessel wall of small pulmonary arteries. Hyaluronan fragmentation corresponded to hypoxic induction of the cell surface hyaluronidase-2 (Hyal2), which was localized in the vascular media. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) demonstrated hypoxic induction of Hyal2 and SOD-suppressible hyaluronidase activity, congruent to our observations in vivo. Fragmentation of homeostatic high molecular weight HA promoted HPASMC proliferation in vitro, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of hyaluronidase activity prevented hypoxia- and oxidant-induced proliferation. Hypoxia initiates SOD3-dependent alterations in the structure and regulation of hyaluronan in the pulmonary vascular extracellular matrix. These changes occurred soon after hypoxia exposure, prior to appearance of PH, and may contribute to the early pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Ni
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clare Prohaska
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Valbona Cali
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Midura
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vincent Hascall
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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12
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Tseng V, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Redox Biology of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:874-897. [PMID: 30582337 PMCID: PMC6751396 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) maintains pulmonary vascular health through coordination of antioxidant defense systems, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. Insufficient PPARγ contributes to pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis, whereas therapeutic restoration of PPARγ activity attenuates PH in preclinical models. Recent Advances: Numerous studies in the past decade have elucidated the complex mechanisms by which PPARγ in the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV) protects against PH. The scope of PPARγ-interconnected pathways continues to expand and includes induction of antioxidant genes, transrepression of inflammatory signaling, regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic integrity, control of cell cycle and proliferation, and regulation of vascular tone through interactions with nitric oxide and endogenous vasoactive molecules. Furthermore, PPARγ interacts with an extensive regulatory network of transcription factors and microRNAs leading to broad impact on cell signaling. Critical Issues: Abundant evidence suggests that targeting PPARγ exerts diverse salutary effects in PH and represents a novel and potentially translatable therapeutic strategy. However, progress has been slowed by an incomplete understanding of how specific PPARγ pathways are critically disrupted across PH disease subtypes and lack of optimal pharmacological ligands. Future Directions: Recent studies indicate that ligand-induced post-translational modifications of the PPARγ receptor differentially induce therapeutic benefits versus adverse side effects of PPARγ receptor activation. Strategies to selectively target PPARγ activity in diseased cells of pulmonary circulation and RV, coupled with development of ligands designed to specifically regulate post-translational PPARγ modifications, may unlock the full therapeutic potential of this versatile master transcriptional and metabolic regulator in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
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13
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Rajendran S, Shen X, Glawe J, Kolluru GK, Kevil CG. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation of Ischemic Vascular Growth and Remodeling. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1213-1247. [PMID: 31187898 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic vascular remodeling occurs in response to stenosis or arterial occlusion leading to a change in blood flow and tissue perfusion. Altered blood flow elicits a cascade of molecular and cellular physiological responses leading to vascular remodeling of the macro- and micro-circulation. Although cellular mechanisms of vascular remodeling such as arteriogenesis and angiogenesis have been studied, therapeutic approaches in these areas have had limited success due to the complexity and heterogeneous constellation of molecular signaling events regulating these processes. Understanding central molecular players of vascular remodeling should lead to a deeper understanding of this response and aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) are gaseous signaling molecules that are critically involved in regulating fundamental biochemical and molecular responses necessary for vascular growth and remodeling. This review examines how NO and H2 S regulate pathophysiological mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, along with important chemical and experimental considerations revealed thus far. The importance of NO and H2 S bioavailability, their synthesis enzymes and cofactors, and genetic variations associated with cardiovascular risk factors suggest that they serve as pivotal regulators of vascular remodeling responses. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1213-1247, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - John Glawe
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - Gopi K Kolluru
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport.,Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
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14
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Abstract
Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension (PH), vascular remodeling, right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, and cardiac failure. Protein kinase G Iα (PKGIα) is susceptible to oxidation, forming an interprotein disulfide homodimer associated with kinase targeting involved in vasodilation. Here we report increased disulfide PKGIα in pulmonary arteries from mice with hypoxic PH or lungs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This oxidation is likely caused by oxidants derived from NADPH oxidase-4, superoxide dismutase 3, and cystathionine γ-lyase, enzymes that were concomitantly increased in these samples. Indeed, products that may arise from these enzymes, including hydrogen peroxide, glutathione disulfide, and protein-bound persulfides, were increased in the plasma of hypoxic mice. Furthermore, low-molecular-weight hydropersulfides, which can serve as "superreductants" were attenuated in hypoxic tissues, consistent with systemic oxidative stress and the oxidation of PKGIα observed. Inhibiting cystathionine γ-lyase resulted in decreased hypoxia-induced disulfide PKGIα and more severe PH phenotype in wild-type mice, but not in Cys42Ser PKGIα knock-in (KI) mice that are resistant to oxidation. In addition, KI mice also developed potentiated PH during hypoxia alone. Thus, oxidation of PKGIα is an adaptive mechanism that limits PH, a concept further supported by polysulfide treatment abrogating hypoxia-induced RV hypertrophy in wild-type, but not in the KI, mice. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis of hypoxic lungs before structural remodeling identified up-regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways in the KI compared with wild-type mice. Thus, disulfide PKGIα is an intrinsic adaptive mechanism that attenuates PH progression not only by promoting vasodilation but also by limiting maladaptive growth and fibrosis signaling.
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15
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Intermittent normobaric hypoxia facilitates high altitude acclimatization by curtailing hypoxia-induced inflammation and dyslipidemia. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:949-959. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Zelko IN, Zhu J, Roman J. Role of SOD3 in silica-related lung fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Respir Res 2018; 19:221. [PMID: 30453980 PMCID: PMC6245633 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-place exposure to silica dust may lead to progressive lung inflammation culminating in the development of silicosis, an irreversible condition that can be complicated by onset of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The molecular mechanisms leading to the development of PH and lung fibrosis in response to silica are not well understood. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the lung may promote fibroproliferation and vascular smooth muscle proliferation, ultimately leading to the development of PH. Herein, we analyze the development of PH and lung fibrosis in mice deficient in extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), an enzyme with anti-oxidant activity. METHODS PH and silicosis were induced in wild-type and Sod3-/- mice through intratracheal injection of crystalline silica at dose 0.4 g/kg. Pulmonary hypertension and lung fibrosis were characterized by changes in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and collagen deposition 28 days following silica injections. Vascular remodeling was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. The expression of genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS C57BL6 mice exposed to silica showed attenuated expression of Sod3 in the lung suggesting a protective role for Sod3. Consistent with this, Sod3-/- mice developed more severe fibrotic inflammatory nodules with increased collagen deposition. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in tissue remodeling (Timp1), fibrotic lesion formation (Fsp1) and inflammatory response (Mcp1) were significantly elevated in Sod3-/- mice compared to Sod3+/+ mice treated with silica. Infiltration of neutrophils and activated macrophages into affected lung was significantly higher in Sod3 deficient mice. In addition, silica produced more profound effects on elevation of RVSP in Sod3-/- compared to wild-type littermate. Increase in RVSP was concomitant with hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries located in silicotic nodules of both mouse strains, however, vascular remodeling in unaffected areas of lung was detected only in Sod3-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Sod3 and extracellular oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of pneumoconiosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling following exposure to environmental and occupational silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Zelko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Bldg., room 524, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Bldg., room 524, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Jianxin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Bldg., room 524, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Bldg., room 524, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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17
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Hu CJ, Zhang H, Laux A, Pullamsetti SS, Stenmark KR. Mechanisms contributing to persistently activated cell phenotypes in pulmonary hypertension. J Physiol 2018; 597:1103-1119. [PMID: 29920674 PMCID: PMC6375873 DOI: 10.1113/jp275857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by the accumulation of persistently activated cell types in the pulmonary vessel exhibiting aberrant expression of genes involved in apoptosis resistance, proliferation, inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Current therapies for PH, focusing on vasodilatation, do not normalize these activated phenotypes. Furthermore, current approaches to define additional therapeutic targets have focused on determining the initiating signals and their downstream effectors that are important in PH onset and development. Although these approaches have produced a large number of compelling PH treatment targets, many promising human drugs have failed in PH clinical trials. Herein, we propose that one contributing factor to these failures is that processes important in PH development may not be good treatment targets in the established phase of chronic PH. We hypothesize that this is due to alterations of chromatin structure in PH cells, resulting in functional differences between the same factor or pathway in normal or early PH cells versus cells in chronic PH. We propose that the high expression of genes involved in the persistently activated phenotype of PH vascular cells is perpetuated by an open chromatin structure and multiple transcription factors (TFs) via the recruitment of high levels of epigenetic regulators including the histone acetylases P300/CBP, histone acetylation readers including BRDs, the Mediator complex and the positive transcription elongation factor (Abstract figure). Thus, determining how gene expression is controlled by examining chromatin structure, TFs and epigenetic regulators associated with aberrantly expressed genes in pulmonary vascular cells in chronic PH, may uncover new PH therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jun Hu
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aya Laux
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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18
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Garcia AM, Allawzi A, Tatman P, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Swain K, Mouradian G, Bowler R, Karimpour-Fard A, Sucharov CC, Nozik-Grayck E. R213G polymorphism in SOD3 protects against bleomycin-induced inflammation and attenuates induction of proinflammatory pathways. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:807-816. [PMID: 30004839 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00053.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), one of three mammalian SOD isoforms, is the sole extracellular enzymatic defense against superoxide. A known human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the matrix-binding domain of EC-SOD characterized by an arginine-to-glycine substitution at position 213 (R213G) redistributes EC-SOD from the matrix into extracellular fluids. We previously reported that knock-in mice harboring the human R213G SNP (R213G mice) exhibited enhanced resolution of inflammation with subsequent protection against fibrosis following bleomycin treatment compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Herein we set out to determine the underlying pathways with RNA-Seq analysis of WT and R213G lungs 7 days post-PBS and bleomycin. RNA-Seq analysis uncovered significant differential gene expression changes induced in WT and R213G strains in response to bleomycin. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to predict differentially regulated up- and downstream processes based on transcriptional changes. Most prominent was the induction of inflammatory and immune responses in WT mice, which were suppressed in the R213G mice. Specifically, PKC signaling in T lymphocytes, IL-6, and NFΚB signaling were opposed in WT mice when compared with R213G. Several upstream regulators such as IFNγ, IRF3, and IKBKG were implicated in the divergent responses between WT and R213G mice. Our data suggest that the redistributed EC-SOD due to the R213G SNP attenuates the dysregulated inflammatory responses observed in WT mice. We speculate that redistributed EC-SOD protects against dysregulated alveolar inflammation via reprogramming of recruited immune cells toward a proresolving state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Philip Tatman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kalin Swain
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gary Mouradian
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Russell Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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19
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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20
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Hemnes AR, Rathinasabapathy A, Austin EA, Brittain EL, Carrier EJ, Chen X, Fessel JP, Fike CD, Fong P, Fortune N, Gerszten RE, Johnson JA, Kaplowitz M, Newman JH, Piana R, Pugh ME, Rice TW, Robbins IM, Wheeler L, Yu C, Loyd JE, West J. A potential therapeutic role for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.02638-2017. [PMID: 29903860 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02638-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease with no cure. Alternate conversion of angiotensin II (AngII) to angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) resulting in Mas receptor (Mas1) activation improves rodent models of PAH. Effects of recombinant human (rh) ACE2 in human PAH are unknown. Our objective was to determine the effects of rhACE2 in PAH.We defined the molecular effects of Mas1 activation using porcine pulmonary arteries, measured AngII/Ang-(1-7) levels in human PAH and conducted a phase IIa, open-label pilot study of a single infusion of rhACE2 (GSK2586881, 0.2 or 0.4 mg·kg-1 intravenously).Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and inflammatory gene expression were identified as markers of Mas1 activation. After confirming reduced plasma ACE2 activity in human PAH, five patients were enrolled in the trial. GSK2586881 was well tolerated with significant improvement in cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance. GSK2586881 infusion was associated with reduced plasma markers of inflammation within 2-4 h and increased SOD2 plasma protein at 2 weeks.PAH is characterised by reduced ACE2 activity. Augmentation of ACE2 in a pilot study was well tolerated, associated with improved pulmonary haemodynamics and reduced markers of oxidant and inflammatory mediators. Targeting this pathway may be beneficial in human PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,These two authors are joint first authors
| | - Anandharajan Rathinasabapathy
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,These two authors are joint first authors
| | - Eric A Austin
- Dept of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erica J Carrier
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xinping Chen
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Candice D Fike
- Dept of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Fong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Niki Fortune
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Johnson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark Kaplowitz
- Dept of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John H Newman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert Piana
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meredith E Pugh
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd W Rice
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ivan M Robbins
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa Wheeler
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Dept of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James E Loyd
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Delaney C, Sherlock L, Fisher S, Maltzahn J, Wright C, Nozik-Grayck E. Serotonin 2A receptor inhibition protects against the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L871-L881. [PMID: 29345193 PMCID: PMC6008134 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00215.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicating bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) worsens clinical outcomes in former preterm infants. Increased serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) signaling plays a prominent role in PH pathogenesis and progression in adults. We hypothesized that increased 5-HT signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of neonatal PH, complicating BPD and neonatal lung injury. Thus, we investigated 5-HT signaling in neonatal mice exposed to bleomycin, previously demonstrated to induce PH and alveolar simplification. Newborn wild-type mice received intraperitoneal PBS, ketanserin (1 mg/kg), bleomycin (3 U/kg) or bleomycin (3 U/kg) plus ketanserin (1 mg/kg) three times weekly for 3 wk. Following treatment with bleomycin, pulmonary expression of the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (Tph1), was significantly increased. Bleomycin did not affect pulmonary 5-HT 2A receptor (R) expression, but did increase pulmonary gene expression of the 5-HT 2BR and serotonin transporter. Treatment with ketanserin attenuated bleomycin-induced PH (increased RVSP and RVH) and pulmonary vascular remodeling (decreased vessel density and increased muscularization of small vessels). In addition, we found that treatment with ketanserin activated pulmonary MAPK and Akt signaling in mice exposed to bleomycin. We conclude that 5-HT signaling is increased in a murine model of neonatal PH and pharmacological inhibition of the 5-HT 2AR protects against the development of PH in neonatal lung injury. We speculate this occurs through restoration of MAPK signaling and increased Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Delaney
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laurie Sherlock
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susan Fisher
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joanne Maltzahn
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Clyde Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
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22
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Sherlock LG, Trumpie A, Hernandez-Lagunas L, McKenna S, Fisher S, Bowler R, Wright CJ, Delaney C, Nozik-Grayck E. Redistribution of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Causes Neonatal Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and PH but Protects Against Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7030042. [PMID: 29538340 PMCID: PMC5874528 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), (R213G), in extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), decreases SOD3 matrix binding affinity. Humans and mature mice expressing the R213G SNP exhibit increased cardiovascular disease but decreased lung disease. The impact of this SNP on the neonatal lung at baseline or with injury is unknown. METHODS Wild type and homozygous R213G mice were injected with intraperitoneal bleomycin or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) three times weekly for three weeks and tissue harvested at 22 days of life. Vascular and alveolar development were evaluated by morphometric analysis and immunostaining of lung sections. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was assessed by right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Lung protein expression for superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, catalase, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1 (GTPCH-1) was evaluated by western blot. SOD activity and SOD3 expression were measured in serum. RESULTS In R213G mice, SOD3 lung protein expression decreased, serum SOD3 protein expression and SOD serum activity increased compared to wild type (WT) mice. Under control conditions, R213G mice developed pulmonary vascular remodeling (decreased vessel density and increased medial wall thickness) and PH; alveolar development was similar between strains. After bleomycin injury, in contrast to WT, R213G mice were protected from impaired alveolar development and their vascular abnormalities and PH did not worsen. Bleomycin decreased VEGFR2 and GTPCH-1 only in WT mice. CONCLUSION R213G neonatal mice demonstrate impaired vascular development and PH at baseline without alveolar simplification, yet are protected from bleomycin induced lung injury and worsening of pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH. These results show that vessel bound SOD3 is essential in normal pulmonary vascular development, and increased serum SOD3 expression and SOD activity prevent lung injury in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Sherlock
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Ashley Trumpie
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Sarah McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Susan Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Russell Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Cassidy Delaney
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Naik JS, Walker BR. Endothelial-dependent dilation following chronic hypoxia involves TRPV4-mediated activation of endothelial BK channels. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:633-648. [PMID: 29380056 PMCID: PMC5854740 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Following chronic hypoxia (CH), the systemic vasculature exhibits blunted vasoconstriction due to endothelial-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). Previous data demonstrate that subsequent to CH, EDH-mediated vasodilation switches from a reliance on SKca and IKca channels to activation of the endothelial BKca channels (eBK). The mechanism by which endothelial cell stimulation activates eBK channels following CH is not known. We hypothesized that following CH, EDH-dependent vasodilation involves a TRPV4-dependent activation of eBK channels. ACh induced concentration-dependent dilation in pressurized gracilis arteries from both normoxic and CH rats. Inhibition of TRPV4 (RN-1734) attenuated the ACh response in arteries from CH rats but had no effect in normoxic animals. In the presence of L-NNA and indomethacin, TRPV4 blockade attenuated ACh-induced vasodilation in arteries from CH rats. ACh elicited endothelial TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ events in arteries from both groups. GSK1016790A (GSK101, TRPV4 agonist) elicited vasodilation in arteries from normoxic and CH rats. In arteries from normoxic animals, TRAM-34/apamin abolished the dilation to TRPV4 activation, whereas luminal iberiotoxin had no effect. In CH rats, only administration of all three Kca channel inhibitors abolished the dilation to TRPV4 activation. Using Duolink®, we observed co-localization between Cav-1, TRPV4, and BK channels in gracilis arteries and in RAECs. Disruption of endothelial caveolae with methyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly decreased ACh-induced vasodilation in arteries from both groups. In gracilis arteries, endothelial membrane cholesterol was significantly decreased following 48 h of CH. In conclusion, CH results in a functional coupling between muscarinic receptors, TRPV4 and Kca channels in gracilis arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Naik
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4750, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4750, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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24
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Mouradian GC, Gaurav R, Pugliese S, El Kasmi K, Hartman B, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Stenmark KR, Bowler RP, Nozik-Grayck E. Superoxide Dismutase 3 R213G Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Blocks Murine Bleomycin-Induced Fibrosis and Promotes Resolution of Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:362-371. [PMID: 27805412 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0153oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) contributes to inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases. The human SOD3 R213G polymorphism decreases matrix binding, redistributing SOD3 from the lung to extracellular fluids, and protects against LPS-induced alveolar inflammation. We used R213G mice expressing a naturally occurring single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs1799895, within the heparin-binding domain of SOD3, which results in an amino acid substitution at position 213 to test the hypothesis that the redistribution of SOD3 into the extracellular fluids would impart protection against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH). In R213G mice, SOD3 content and activity was increased in extracellular fluids and decreased in lung at baseline, with greater increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) SOD3 compared with wild-type mice 3 days after bleomycin. R213G mice developed less fibrosis based on pulmonary mechanics, fibrosis scoring, collagen quantification, and gene expression at 21 days, and less PH by right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary arteriole medial wall thickening at 28 days. In wild-type mice, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, proinflammatory cytokines, and protein increased in BALF on Day 7 and/or 21. In R213G mice, total BALF cell counts increased on Day 7 but resolved by 21 days. At 1 or 3 days, BALF pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines and BALF protein were higher in R213G mice, resolving by 21 days. We conclude that the redistribution of SOD3 as a result of the R213G single-nucleotide polymorphism protects mice from bleomycin-induced fibrosis and secondary PH by improved resolution of alveolar inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Mouradian
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Steve Pugliese
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Karim El Kasmi
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Brittany Hartman
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Russell P Bowler
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- 1 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
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25
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Lowe FJ, Luettich K, Talikka M, Hoang V, Haswell LE, Hoeng J, Gaca MD. Development of an Adverse Outcome Pathway for the Onset of Hypertension by Oxidative Stress-Mediated Perturbation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Bioavailability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frazer J. Lowe
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Vy Hoang
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Linsey E. Haswell
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Marianna D. Gaca
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
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26
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Gupta N, Rashid J, Nozik-Grayck E, McMurtry IF, Stenmark KR, Ahsan F. Cocktail of Superoxide Dismutase and Fasudil Encapsulated in Targeted Liposomes Slows PAH Progression at a Reduced Dosing Frequency. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:830-841. [PMID: 28165252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Currently, two or more pulmonary vasodilators are used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but conventional vasodilators alone cannot reverse disease progression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a combination therapy comprising a vasodilator plus a therapeutic agent that slows pulmonary arterial remodeling and right heart hypertrophy is an efficacious alternative to current vasodilator-based PAH therapy. Thus, we encapsulated a cocktail of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a superoxide scavenger, and fasudil, a specific rho-kinase inhibitor, into a liposomal formulation equipped with a homing peptide, CAR. We evaluated the effect of the formulations on pulmonary hemodynamics in monocrotaline-induced PAH rats (MCT-induced PAH) and assessed the formulation's efficacy in slowing the disease progression in Sugen-5416/hypoxia-induced PAH rats (SU/hypoxia-induced PAH). For acute studies, we monitored both mean pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures (mPAP and mSAP) for 2 to 6 h after a single dose of the plain drugs or formulations. In chronic studies, PAH rats received plain drugs every 48 h and the formulations every 72 h for 21 days. In MCT-induced PAH rats, CAR-modified liposomes containing fasudil plus SOD elicited a more pronounced, prolonged, and selective reduction in mPAP than unmodified liposomes and plain drugs did. In SU/hypoxia-induced PAH rats, the formulation produced a >50% reduction in mPAP and slowed right ventricular hypertrophy. When compared with individual plain drugs or combination, CAR-modified-liposomes containing both drugs reduced the extent of collagen deposition, muscularization of arteries, increased SOD levels in the lungs, and decreased the expression of pSTAT-3 and p-MYPT1. Overall, CAR-modified-liposomes of SOD plus fasudil, given every 72 h, was as efficacious as plain drugs, given every 48 h, suggesting that the formulation can reduce the total drug intake, systemic exposures, and dosing frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Jahidur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine and the Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama 36688, United States
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
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27
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Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Current and Future Perspectives. Can Respir J 2017; 2017:1430350. [PMID: 28286407 PMCID: PMC5327768 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1430350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly present in patients with chronic lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) where it is classified as Group III PH by the World Health Organization (WHO). PH has been identified to be present in as much as 40% of patients with COPD or IPF and it is considered as one of the principal predictors of mortality in patients with COPD or IPF. However, despite the prevalence and fatal consequences of PH in the setting of chronic lung diseases, there are limited therapies available for patients with Group III PH, with lung transplantation remaining as the most viable option. This highlights our need to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of Group III PH. In this review we have chosen to focus on the current understating of PH in IPF, we will revisit the main mediators that have been shown to play a role in the development of the disease. We will also discuss the experimental models available to study PH associated with lung fibrosis and address the role of the right ventricle in IPF. Finally we will summarize the current available treatment options for Group III PH outside of lung transplantation.
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28
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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29
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Redox Regulation of the Superoxide Dismutases SOD3 and SOD2 in the Pulmonary Circulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:57-70. [PMID: 29047081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
When evaluating the role of redox-regulating signaling in pulmonary vascular diseases, it is intriguing to consider the modulation of key antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) because SOD isoforms are regulated by redox reactions, and, in turn, modulate downstream redox sensitive processes. The emerging field of redox biology is built upon understanding the regulation and consequences of tightly controlled and specific reduction-oxidation reactions that are critical for diverse cellular processes including cell signaling. Of relevance, both the site of production of specific reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the site of the antioxidant defenses are highly compartmentalized within the cell. For example, superoxide is generated during oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria as well as by a number of enzymatic sources within the cytosol and at the cell membrane. In the pulmonary circulation, these sources include the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases (NOX1-4, Duox1,2), nitric oxide synthases, and xanthine oxidase; this important topic has been thoroughly reviewed recently [1]. In parallel with these different cellular sites of superoxide production, the three SOD isoforms are also specifically localized to the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2) or extracellular compartment (SOD3). This chapter focuses on the role of redox mechanisms regulating SOD2 and SOD3, with an emphasis on these processes in the setting of pulmonary hypertension.
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30
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Huetsch JC, Suresh K, Bernier M, Shimoda LA. Update on novel targets and potential treatment avenues in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L811-L831. [PMID: 27591245 PMCID: PMC5130539 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00302.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition marked by a combination of constriction and remodeling within the pulmonary vasculature. It remains a disease without a cure, as current treatments were developed with a focus on vasodilatory properties but do not reverse the remodeling component. Numerous recent advances have been made in the understanding of cellular processes that drive pathologic remodeling in each layer of the vessel wall as well as the accompanying maladaptive changes in the right ventricle. In particular, the past few years have yielded much improved insight into the pathways that contribute to altered metabolism, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species signaling and how these pathways promote the proproliferative, promigratory, and antiapoptotic phenotype of the vasculature during PH. Additionally, there have been significant advances in numerous other pathways linked to PH pathogenesis, such as sex hormones and perivascular inflammation. Novel insights into cellular pathology have suggested new avenues for the development of both biomarkers and therapies that will hopefully bring us closer to the elusive goal: a therapy leading to reversal of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Huetsch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Meghan Bernier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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31
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Fu X, Guan S, Han W, Zhang J, Gan Q, Fang W, Ying W, Qu X. Exogenous NAD(+) administration significantly protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3342-3350. [PMID: 27648125 PMCID: PMC5009387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes for death around the world. Although essential for successful interventional therapy, it is inevitably complicated by reperfusion injury. Thus effective approaches to reduce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are still critically needed. To test our hypothesis that intravenous administration of NAD(+) can attenuate I/R injury by reducing apoptotic damage and enhancing antioxidant capacity, we used a rat mode of myocardial I/R. Our study found that administration of 10-20 mg/kg NAD(+) can dose dependently reduce myocardial infarct induced by I/R, with an approximately 85% reduction of the infarct at the dosage of 20 mg/kg NAD(+). We further found that the injection of NAD(+) can significantly decrease I/R-induced apoptotic damage in the heart: NAD(+) administration can both decrease the TUNEL signals, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 levels and increase the Bcl-XL levels in the rats that are subjected to myocardial I/R injury. NAD(+) administration can also significantly attenuate I/R-induced decreases in SOD activity and SOD-2 protein levels in the hearts. NAD(+) can profoundly decrease myocardial I/R injury at least partially by attenuating apoptotic damage and enhancing the antioxidant capacity, thus suggesting that NAD(+) may become a promising therapeutic agent for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ban Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xingli Fu
- Jiangsu University Health Science Center3 Yizheng Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xinkai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Nozik-Grayck E, Woods C, Stearman RS, Venkataraman S, Ferguson BS, Swain K, Bowler RP, Geraci MW, Ihida-Stansbury K, Stenmark KR, McKinsey TA, Domann FE. Histone deacetylation contributes to low extracellular superoxide dismutase expression in human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L124-34. [PMID: 27233998 PMCID: PMC4967185 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00263.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, regulate gene expression in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). These mechanisms can modulate expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3 or EC-SOD), a key vascular antioxidant enzyme, and loss of vascular SOD3 worsens outcomes in animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that SOD3 gene expression is decreased in patients with IPAH due to aberrant DNA methylation and/or histone deacetylation. We used lung tissue and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) from subjects with IPAH at transplantation and from failed donors (FD). Lung SOD3 mRNA expression and activity was decreased in IPAH vs. FD. In contrast, mitochondrial SOD (Mn-SOD or SOD2) protein expression was unchanged and intracellular SOD activity was unchanged. Using bisulfite sequencing in genomic lung or PASMC DNA, we found the methylation status of the SOD3 promoter was similar between FD and IPAH. Furthermore, treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine did not increase PASMC SOD3 mRNA, suggesting DNA methylation was not responsible for PASMC SOD3 expression. Though total histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, acetylated histones, and acetylated SP1 were similar between IPAH and FD, treatment with two selective class I HDAC inhibitors increased SOD3 only in IPAH PASMC. Class I HDAC3 siRNA also increased SOD3 expression. Trichostatin A, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, decreased proliferation in IPAH, but not in FD PASMC. These data indicate that histone deacetylation, specifically via class I HDAC3, decreases SOD3 expression in PASMC and HDAC inhibitors may protect IPAH in part by increasing PASMC SOD3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Crystal Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert S Stearman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kalin Swain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado
| | - Mark W Geraci
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Kaori Ihida-Stansbury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Bruns DR, Buttrick PM, Walker LA. Genetic ablation of interleukin-18 does not attenuate hypobaric hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L542-50. [PMID: 26747780 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00166.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a proinflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy and is elevated in plasma of heart failure patients. However, IL-18 blockade strategies have been conflicting. The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether genetic ablation of IL-18 would protect mice against hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, a condition in which chamber-specific inflammation is prominent. We hypothesized that IL-18 knockout (KO) mice would be protected while wild-type (WT) mice would demonstrate RV hypertrophy in response to HH exposure. KO and WT mice were exposed to HH for 7 wk, and control mice were exposed to normoxic ambient air. Following echocardiography, the RV was dissected and flash-frozen for biochemical analyses. HH exposure increased IL-18 mRNA (P = 0.08) in RV from WT mice. Genetic ablation of IL-18 mildly attenuated RV hypertrophy as assessed by myocyte size. However, IL-18 KO mice were not protected against HH-induced organ-level remodeling, as evidenced by higher RV weights, elevated RV systolic pressure, and increased RV anterior wall thickness compared with normoxic KO mice. These RV changes were similar to those seen in HH-exposed WT mice. Compensatory upregulation of other proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 was seen in the HH-KO animals, suggesting that activation of parallel inflammatory pathways might mitigate the effect of IL-18 KO. These data suggest targeted blockade of IL-18 alone is not a viable therapeutic strategy in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Bruns
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Buttrick
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lori A Walker
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Delaney C, Wright RH, Tang JR, Woods C, Villegas L, Sherlock L, Savani RC, Abman SH, Nozik-Grayck E. Lack of EC-SOD worsens alveolar and vascular development in a neonatal mouse model of bleomycin-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:634-40. [PMID: 26322414 PMCID: PMC4689645 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) worsens clinical outcomes in former preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Oxidant stress disrupts alveolar and vascular development in models of BPD. Bleomycin causes oxidative stress and induces BPD and PAH in neonatal rats. Disruption in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide signaling pathways contributes to BPD. We hypothesized that loss of EC-SOD would worsen PAH associated with BPD in a neonatal mouse model of bleomycin-induced BPD by disrupting the VEGF/NO signaling pathway. METHODS Neonatal wild-type mice (WT), and mice lacking EC-SOD (EC-SOD KO) received intraperitoneal bleomycin (2 units/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) three times weekly and were evaluated at weeks 3 or 4. RESULTS Lack of EC-SOD impaired alveolar development and resulted in PH (elevated right ventricular systolic pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)), decreased vessel density, and increased small vessel muscularization. Exposure to bleomycin further impaired alveolar development, worsened RVH and vascular remodeling. Lack of EC-SOD and bleomycin treatment decreased lung total and phosphorylated VEGFR2 and eNOS protein expression. CONCLUSION EC-SOD is critical in preserving normal lung development and loss of EC-SOD results in disrupted alveolar development, PAH and vascular remodeling at baseline, which is further worsened with bleomycin and associated with decreased activation of VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Delaney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States,Corresponding Author: Cassidy Delaney, MD, 13121 E 17th Ave B8402, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, , Office: 303-724-0759, Fax: 303-724-7323
| | - Rachel H. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Jen-Ruey Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Crystal Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Leah Villegas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Laurie Sherlock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Rashmin C. Savani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX United States
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States
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Mühlfeld C, Hegermann J, Wrede C, Ochs M. A review of recent developments and applications of morphometry/stereology in lung research. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L526-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00047.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Design-based stereology is the gold standard of morphometry in lung research. Here, we analyze the current use of morphometric and stereological methods in lung research and provide an overview on recent methodological developments and biological observations made by the use of stereology. Based on this analysis we hope to provide useful recommendations for a good stereological practice to further the use of advanced and unbiased stereological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
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Targeted Delivery of Superoxide Dismutase by Chemical Modification with Quaternary Ammonium Chitosan and Pharmacokinetic Analysis. J Pharm Innov 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-015-9231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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