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Ding C, Gai S, Ma Z, Yang L, Fu Z. The role of potassium ion channels in chronic sinusitis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1431330. [PMID: 39015366 PMCID: PMC11249563 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1431330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic sinusitis is a common inflammatory disease of the nasal and sinus mucosa, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, decreased sense of smell, and headache. It often recurs and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. However, its pathological and physiological mechanisms are not fully understood. In recent years, the role of potassium ion channels in the regulation of mucosal barrier function and inflammatory cell function has received increasing attention. In chronic sinusitis, there are often changes in the expression and function of potassium channels, leading to mucosal damage and a stronger inflammatory response. However, the related research is still in its early stages. This article will review the role of the potassium channel in the pathological and physiological changes of chronic sinusitis. The studies revealed that BK/TREK-1 potassium channel play a protective role in the nasal mucosal function through p38-MAPK pathway, and KCa3.1/Kv1.3 enhance the inflammatory response of Chronic rhinosinusitis by regulating immune cell function, intracellular Ca2+ signaling and ERK/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Because ion channels are surface proteins of cell membranes, they are easier to intervene with drugs, and the results of these studies may provide new effective targets for the prevention and treatment of chronic sinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Senxi Gai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lizhuo Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijie Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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Zhi Y, Wu X, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen X, Luo H, Yi X, Lin X, Ma L, Chen Y, Cao Y, Li F, Zhou P. A novel TWIK2 channel inhibitor binds at the bottom of the selectivity filter and protects against LPS-induced experimental endotoxemia in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115894. [PMID: 37898389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
TWIK2 channel plays a critical role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mice deficient in TWIK2 channel are protected from sepsis and inflammatory lung injury. However, inhibitors of TWIK2 channel are currently in an early stage of development, and the molecular determinants underlying the chemical modulation of TWIK2 channel remain unexplored. In this study, we identified NPBA and the synthesized derivative NPBA-4 potently and selectively inhibited TWIK2 channel by using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. Furthermore, the mutation of the last residues of the selectivity filter in both P1 and P2 (i.e., T106A, T214A) of TWIK2 channel substantially abolished the effect of NPBA on TWIK2 channel. Our data suggest that NPBA blocked TWIK2 channel through binding at the bottom of the selectivity filter, which was also supported by molecular docking prediction. Moreover, we found that NPBA significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages and alleviated LPS-induced endotoxemia and organ injury in vivo. Notably, the protective effects of NPBA against LPS-induced endotoxemia were abolished in Kcnk6-/- mice. In summary, our study has uncovered a series of novel inhibitors of TWIK2 channel and revealed their distinct molecular determinants interacting TWIK2 channel. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of pharmacological action on TWIK2 channel and opportunities for the development of selective TWIK2 channel modulators to treat related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiuling Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengxian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. Recent updates on the physiology and evolution of plant TPK/KCO channels. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:17-28. [PMID: 36220140 DOI: 10.1071/fp22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are the main cellular reservoirs to store K+ . The vacuolar K+ channels play a pivotal role in K+ exchange between cytosol and vacuolar sap. Among vacuolar K+ transporters, the Two Pore Potassium Channels (TPKs) are highly selective K+ channels present in most or all plant vacuoles and could be involved in various plant stress responses and developmental processes. Although the majority of TPK members have a vacuolar specialisation, some TPKs display different membrane localisation including the plasma membrane, tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles and probably chloroplast membranes. The functional properties as well as physiological roles of TPKs remains largely unexplored. In this review, we have collected recent data about the physiology, structure, functionality and evolution of TPK/KCO3 channels. We also critically evaluate the latest findings on the biological role, physiological functions, and regulation of TPK/KCO3 channels in relation to their structure and phylogenetic position. The possible role of TPK/KCO3 channels in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses is summarised, and the future priority directions for TPK/KCO3 studies are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Snunit 51, P.O. Box 78, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
| | - Stanislav V Isayenkov
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China; and Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Wang T, Wang W, Li W, Duan H, Xu C, Tian X, Zhang D. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of pulmonary function in middle and old-aged Chinese monozygotic twins. Respir Res 2021; 22:300. [PMID: 34809630 PMCID: PMC8609861 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have determined the epigenetic association between DNA methylation and pulmonary function among various ethnics, whereas this association is largely unknown in Chinese adults. Thus, we aimed to explore epigenetic relationships between genome-wide DNA methylation levels and pulmonary function among middle-aged Chinese monozygotic twins. METHODS The monozygotic twin sample was drawn from the Qingdao Twin Registry. Pulmonary function was measured by three parameters including forced expiratory volume the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio. Linear mixed effect model was used to regress the methylation level of CpG sites on pulmonary function. After that, we applied Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (GREAT) to predict the genomic regions enrichment, and used comb-p python library to detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Gene expression analysis was conducted to validate the results of differentially methylated analyses. RESULTS We identified 112 CpG sites with the level of P < 1 × 10-4 which were annotated to 40 genes. We identified 12 common enriched pathways of three pulmonary function parameters. We detected 39 DMRs located at 23 genes, of which PRDM1 was related to decreased pulmonary function, and MPL, LTB4R2, and EPHB3 were related to increased pulmonary function. The gene expression analyses validated DIP2C, ASB2, SLC6A5, and GAS6 related to decreased pulmonary function. CONCLUSION Our DNA methylation sequencing analysis on identical twins provides new references for the epigenetic regulation on pulmonary function. Several CpG sites, genes, biological pathways and DMRs are considered as possible crucial to pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the College of Public Health of Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the College of Public Health of Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Li
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocao Tian
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the College of Public Health of Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Kohanski MA, Brown L, Orr M, Tan LH, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Rubenstein RC, Cohen NA. Bitter taste receptor agonists regulate epithelial two-pore potassium channels via cAMP signaling. Respir Res 2021; 22:31. [PMID: 33509163 PMCID: PMC7844973 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial solitary chemosensory cell (tuft cell) bitter taste signal transduction occurs through G protein coupled receptors and calcium-dependent signaling pathways. Type II taste cells, which utilize the same bitter taste signal transduction pathways, may also utilize cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as an independent signaling messenger in addition to calcium. Methods In this work we utilized specific pharmacologic inhibitors to interrogate the short circuit current (Isc) of polarized nasal epithelial cells mounted in Ussing chambers to assess the electrophysiologic changes associated with bitter agonist (denatonium) treatment. We also assessed release of human β-defensin-2 from polarized nasal epithelial cultures following treatment with denatonium benzoate and/or potassium channel inhibitors. Results We demonstrate that the bitter taste receptor agonist, denatonium, decreases human respiratory epithelial two-pore potassium (K2P) current in polarized nasal epithelial cells mounted in Ussing chambers. Our data further suggest that this occurs via a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. We also demonstrate that this decrease in potassium current lowers the threshold for denatonium to stimulate human β-defensin-2 release. Conclusions These data thus demonstrate that, in addition to taste transducing calcium-dependent signaling, bitter taste receptor agonists can also activate cAMP-dependent respiratory epithelial signaling pathways to modulate K2P currents. Bitter-agonist regulation of potassium currents may therefore serve as a means of rapid regional epithelial signaling, and further study of these pathways may provide new insights into regulation of mucosal ionic composition and innate mechanisms of epithelial defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kohanski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, 5th Floor Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Lauren Brown
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Orr
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Hui Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, 5th Floor Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, 5th Floor Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James N Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, 5th Floor Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronald C Rubenstein
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Noam A Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, 5th Floor Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Monell Chemical Senses Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Favia M, de Bari L, Bobba A, Atlante A. An Intriguing Involvement of Mitochondria in Cystic Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111890. [PMID: 31698802 PMCID: PMC6912654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) occurs when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is not synthetized and folded correctly. The CFTR protein helps to maintain the balance of salt and water on many body surfaces, such as the lung surface. When the protein is not working correctly, chloride becomes trapped in cells, then water cannot hydrate the cellular surface and the mucus covering the cells becomes thick and sticky. Furthermore, a defective CFTR appears to produce a redox imbalance in epithelial cells and extracellular fluids and to cause an abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species: as a consequence, oxidative stress has been implicated as a causative factor in the aetiology of the process. Moreover, massive evidences show that defective CFTR gives rise to extracellular GSH level decrease and elevated glucose concentrations in airway surface liquid (ASL), thus encouraging lung infection by pathogens in the CF advancement. Recent research in progress aims to rediscover a possible role of mitochondria in CF. Here the latest new and recent studies on mitochondrial bioenergetics are collected. Surprisingly, they have enabled us to ascertain that mitochondria have a leading role in opposing the high ASL glucose level as well as oxidative stress in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Favia
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari—CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.d.B.); (A.B.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Lidia de Bari
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari—CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.d.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Bobba
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari—CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.d.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Atlante
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari—CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.d.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.A.)
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Webster MJ, Tarran R. Slippery When Wet: Airway Surface Liquid Homeostasis and Mucus Hydration. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 81:293-335. [PMID: 30243435 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to regulate cell volume is crucial for normal physiology; equally the regulation of extracellular fluid homeostasis is of great importance. Alteration of normal extracellular fluid homeostasis contributes to the development of several diseases including cystic fibrosis. With regard to the airway surface liquid (ASL), which lies apically on top of airway epithelia, ion content, pH, mucin and protein abundance must be tightly regulated. Furthermore, airway epithelia must be able to switch from an absorptive to a secretory state as required. A heterogeneous population of airway epithelial cells regulate ASL solute and solvent composition, and directly secrete large mucin molecules, antimicrobials, proteases and soluble mediators into the airway lumen. This review focuses on how epithelial ion transport influences ASL hydration and ASL pH, with a specific focus on the roles of anion and cation channels and exchangers. The role of ions and pH in mucin expansion is also addressed. With regard to fluid volume regulation, we discuss the roles of nucleotides, adenosine and the short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) as soluble ASL mediators. Together, these mechanisms directly influence ciliary beating and in turn mucociliary clearance to maintain sterility and to detoxify the airways. Whilst all of these components are regulated in normal airways, defective ion transport and/or mucin secretion proves detrimental to lung homeostasis as such we address how defective ion and fluid transport, and a loss of homeostatic mechanisms, contributes to the development of pathophysiologies associated with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Webster
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Srisomboon Y, Zaidman NA, Maniak PJ, Deachapunya C, O'Grady SM. P2Y receptor regulation of K2P channels that facilitate K + secretion by human mammary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 314:C627-C639. [PMID: 29365273 PMCID: PMC6008065 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00342.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the molecular identity of ion channels involved in K+ secretion by the mammary epithelium and to examine their regulation by purinoceptor agonists. Apical membrane voltage-clamp experiments were performed on human mammary epithelial cells where the basolateral membrane was exposed to the pore-forming antibiotic amphotericin B dissolved in a solution with intracellular-like ionic composition. Addition of the Na+ channel inhibitor benzamil reduced the basal current, consistent with inhibition of Na+ uptake across the apical membrane, whereas the KCa3.1 channel blocker TRAM-34 produced an increase in current resulting from inhibition of basal K+ efflux. Treatment with two-pore potassium (K2P) channel blockers quinidine, bupivacaine and a selective TASK1/TASK3 inhibitor (PK-THPP) all produced concentration-dependent inhibition of apical K+ efflux. qRT-PCR experiments detected mRNA expression for nine K2P channel subtypes. Western blot analysis of biotinylated apical membranes and confocal immunocytochemistry revealed that at least five K2P subtypes (TWIK1, TREK1, TREK2, TASK1, and TASK3) are expressed in the apical membrane. Apical UTP also increased the current, but pretreatment with the PKC inhibitor GF109203X blocked the response. Similarly, direct activation of PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate produced a similar increase in current as observed with UTP. These results support the conclusion that the basal level of K+ secretion involves constitutive activity of apical KCa3.1 channels and multiple K2P channel subtypes. Apical UTP evoked a transient increase in KCa3.1 channel activity, but over time caused persistent inhibition of K2P channel function leading to an overall decrease in K+ secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan A Zaidman
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Peter J Maniak
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Scott M O'Grady
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
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Paul A, Krelin Y, Arif T, Jeger R, Shoshan-Barmatz V. A New Role for the Mitochondrial Pro-apoptotic Protein SMAC/Diablo in Phospholipid Synthesis Associated with Tumorigenesis. Mol Ther 2017; 26:680-694. [PMID: 29396267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pro-apoptotic protein SMAC/Diablo participates in apoptosis by negatively regulating IAPs and activating caspases, thus encouraging apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we found that SMAC/Diablo is overexpressed in cancer. This paradox was addressed here by silencing SMAC/Diablo expression using specific siRNA (si-hSMAC). In cancer cell lines and subcutaneous lung cancer xenografts in mice, such silencing reduced cell and tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the si-hSMAC-treated residual tumor demonstrated morphological changes, including cell differentiation and reorganization into glandular/alveoli-like structures and elimination of lamellar bodies, surfactant-producing organs. Next-generation sequencing of non-targeted or si-hSMAC-treated tumors revealed altered expression of genes associated with the cellular membrane and extracellular matrix, of genes found in the ER and Golgi lumen and in exosomal networks, of genes involved in lipid metabolism, and of lipid, metabolite, and ion transporters. SMAC/Diablo silencing decreased the levels of phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine. These findings suggest that SMAC/Diablo possesses additional non-apoptotic functions related to regulating lipid synthesis essential for cancer growth and development and that this may explain SMAC/Diablo overexpression in cancer. The new lipid synthesis-related function of the pro-apoptotic protein SMAC/Diablo in cancer cells makes SMAC/Diablo a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Paul
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rina Jeger
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Olschewski A, Veale EL, Nagy BM, Nagaraj C, Kwapiszewska G, Antigny F, Lambert M, Humbert M, Czirják G, Enyedi P, Mathie A. TASK-1 (KCNK3) channels in the lung: from cell biology to clinical implications. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/5/1700754. [PMID: 29122916 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00754-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1 (TASK-1 encoded by KCNK3) belongs to the family of two-pore domain potassium channels. This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. TASK-1 channels are sensitive to a wide array of physiological and pharmacological mediators that affect their activity such as unsaturated fatty acids, extracellular pH, hypoxia, anaesthetics and intracellular signalling pathways. Recent studies show that modulation of TASK-1 channels, either directly or indirectly by targeting their regulatory mechanisms, has the potential to control pulmonary arterial tone in humans. Furthermore, mutations in KCNK3 have been identified as a rare cause of both familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. This review summarises our current state of knowledge of the functional role of TASK-1 channels in the pulmonary circulation in health and disease, with special emphasis on current advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria .,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, UK
| | - Bence M Nagy
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Gábor Czirják
- Dept of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Enyedi
- Dept of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, UK
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12
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Sheu CC, Tsai MJ, Chen FW, Chang KF, Chang WA, Chong IW, Kuo PL, Hsu YL. Identification of novel genetic regulations associated with airway epithelial homeostasis using next-generation sequencing data and bioinformatics approaches. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82674-82688. [PMID: 29137293 PMCID: PMC5669919 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells play important roles in airway remodeling. Understanding gene regulations in airway epithelial homeostasis may provide new insights into pathogenesis and treatment of asthma. This study aimed to combine gene expression (GE) microarray, next generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatics to explore genetic regulations associated with airway epithelial homeostasis. We analyzed expression profiles of mRNAs (GE microarray) and microRNAs (NGS) in normal and asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells, and identified 9 genes with potential microRNA-mRNA interactions. Of these 9 dysregulated genes, downregulation of MEF2C and MDGA1 were validated in a representative microarray (GSE43696) from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Our findings suggested that upregulated mir-203a may repress MEF2C, a transcription factor, leading to decreased cellular proliferation. In addition, upregulated mir-3065-3p may repress MDGA1, a cell membrane anchor protein, resulting in suppression of cell-cell adhesion. We also found that KCNJ2, a potassium channel, was downregulated in severe asthma and may promote epithelial cell apoptosis. We proposed that aberrant regulations of mir-203a-MEF2C and mir-3065-3p-MDGA1, as well as downregulation of KCNJ2, play important roles in airway epithelial homeostasis in asthma. These findings provide new perspectives on diagnostic or therapeutic strategies targeting bronchial epithelium for asthma. The approach in this study also provides a new aspect of studying asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Wei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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13
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Modena BD, Bleecker ER, Busse WW, Erzurum SC, Gaston BM, Jarjour NN, Meyers DA, Milosevic J, Tedrow JR, Wu W, Kaminski N, Wenzel SE. Gene Expression Correlated with Severe Asthma Characteristics Reveals Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Severe Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1449-1463. [PMID: 27984699 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201607-1407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe asthma (SA) is a heterogeneous disease with multiple molecular mechanisms. Gene expression studies of bronchial epithelial cells in individuals with asthma have provided biological insight and underscored possible mechanistic differences between individuals. OBJECTIVES Identify networks of genes reflective of underlying biological processes that define SA. METHODS Airway epithelial cell gene expression from 155 subjects with asthma and healthy control subjects in the Severe Asthma Research Program was analyzed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis to identify gene networks and profiles associated with SA and its specific characteristics (i.e., pulmonary function tests, quality of life scores, urgent healthcare use, and steroid use), which potentially identified underlying biological processes. A linear model analysis confirmed these findings while adjusting for potential confounders. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Weighted gene coexpression network analysis constructed 64 gene network modules, including modules corresponding to T1 and T2 inflammation, neuronal function, cilia, epithelial growth, and repair mechanisms. Although no network selectively identified SA, genes in modules linked to epithelial growth and repair and neuronal function were markedly decreased in SA. Several hub genes of the epithelial growth and repair module were found located at the 17q12-21 locus, near a well-known asthma susceptibility locus. T2 genes increased with severity in those treated with corticosteroids but were also elevated in untreated, mild-to-moderate disease compared with healthy control subjects. T1 inflammation, especially when associated with increased T2 gene expression, was elevated in a subgroup of younger patients with SA. CONCLUSIONS In this hypothesis-generating analysis, gene expression networks in relation to asthma severity provided potentially new insight into biological mechanisms associated with the development of SA and its phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Modena
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- 3 Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - William W Busse
- 4 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- 5 Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- 6 Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,7 Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- 4 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- 3 Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jadranka Milosevic
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John R Tedrow
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Wu
- 8 Lane Center for Computational Biology School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- 9 Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Modena BD, Bleecker ER, Busse WW, Erzurum SC, Gaston BM, Jarjour NN, Meyers DA, Milosevic J, Tedrow JR, Wu W, Kaminski N, Wenzel SE. Gene Expression Correlated with Severe Asthma Characteristics Reveals Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Severe Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017. [PMID: 27984699 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201607-1407oc 10.1164/rccm.201607-1407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe asthma (SA) is a heterogeneous disease with multiple molecular mechanisms. Gene expression studies of bronchial epithelial cells in individuals with asthma have provided biological insight and underscored possible mechanistic differences between individuals. OBJECTIVES Identify networks of genes reflective of underlying biological processes that define SA. METHODS Airway epithelial cell gene expression from 155 subjects with asthma and healthy control subjects in the Severe Asthma Research Program was analyzed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis to identify gene networks and profiles associated with SA and its specific characteristics (i.e., pulmonary function tests, quality of life scores, urgent healthcare use, and steroid use), which potentially identified underlying biological processes. A linear model analysis confirmed these findings while adjusting for potential confounders. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Weighted gene coexpression network analysis constructed 64 gene network modules, including modules corresponding to T1 and T2 inflammation, neuronal function, cilia, epithelial growth, and repair mechanisms. Although no network selectively identified SA, genes in modules linked to epithelial growth and repair and neuronal function were markedly decreased in SA. Several hub genes of the epithelial growth and repair module were found located at the 17q12-21 locus, near a well-known asthma susceptibility locus. T2 genes increased with severity in those treated with corticosteroids but were also elevated in untreated, mild-to-moderate disease compared with healthy control subjects. T1 inflammation, especially when associated with increased T2 gene expression, was elevated in a subgroup of younger patients with SA. CONCLUSIONS In this hypothesis-generating analysis, gene expression networks in relation to asthma severity provided potentially new insight into biological mechanisms associated with the development of SA and its phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Modena
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- 3 Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - William W Busse
- 4 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- 5 Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- 6 Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,7 Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- 4 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- 3 Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jadranka Milosevic
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John R Tedrow
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Wu
- 8 Lane Center for Computational Biology School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- 9 Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Murtaza G, Mermer P, Pfeil U, Kummer W. Avertin®, but Not Volatile Anesthetics Addressing the Two-Pore Domain K+ Channel, TASK-1, Slows Down Cilia-Driven Particle Transport in the Mouse Trachea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167919. [PMID: 27930725 PMCID: PMC5145217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Volatile anesthetics inhibit mucociliary clearance in the airways. The two-pore domain K+ channel, TASK-1, represents one of their molecular targets in that they increase its open probability. Here, we determine whether particle transport speed (PTS) at the mucosal surface of the mouse trachea, an important factor of the cilia-driven mechanism in mucociliary clearance, is regulated by TASK-1. METHODOLOGY/RESULTS RT-PCR analysis revealed expression of TASK-1 mRNA in the manually dissected and laser-assisted microdissected tracheal epithelium of the mouse. Effects of anesthetics (isoflurane and Avertin®) and TASK-1 inhibitors (anandamide and A293) on ciliary activity were investigated by assessment of PTS at the mucosal surface of the explanted and opened murine trachea. Neither TASK-1 inhibitors nor isoflurane had any impact on basal and ATP-stimulated PTS. Avertin® reduced basal PTS, and ATP-stimulated PTS decreased in its presence in wild-type (WT) mice. Avertin®-induced decrease in basal PTS persisted in WT mice in the presence of TASK-1 inhibitors, and in two different strains of TASK-1 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that TASK-1 is expressed by the tracheal epithelium but is not critically involved in the regulation of tracheal PTS in mice. Avertin® reduces PTS independent of TASK-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Petra Mermer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Pfeil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kummer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany
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16
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Zaidman NA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, O'Grady SM. Differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells: role of hydrocortisone in development of ion transport pathways involved in mucociliary clearance. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C225-36. [PMID: 27306366 PMCID: PMC5129773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00073.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids strongly influence the mucosal-defense functions performed by the bronchial epithelium, and inhaled corticosteroids are critical in the treatment of patients with inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. A common pathology associated with these diseases is reduced mucociliary clearance, a defense mechanism involving the coordinated transport of salt, water, and mucus by the bronchial epithelium, ultimately leading to retention of pathogens and particles in the airways and to further disease progression. In the present study we investigated the role of hydrocortisone (HC) in differentiation and development of the ion transport phenotype of normal human bronchial epithelial cells under air-liquid interface conditions. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells differentiated in the absence of HC (HC0) showed significantly less benzamil-sensitive short-circuit current than controls, as well as a reduced response after stimulation with the selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist salbutamol. Apical membrane localization of epithelial Na(+) channel α-subunits was similarly reduced in HC0 cells compared with controls, supporting a role of HC in the trafficking and density of Na(+) channels in the plasma membrane. Additionally, glucocorticoid exposure during differentiation regulated the transcription of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and β2-adrenergic receptor mRNAs and appeared to be necessary for the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent anion secretion in response to β2-agonists. HC had no significant effect on surface cell differentiation but did modulate the expression of mucin mRNAs. These findings indicate that glucocorticoids support mucosal defense by regulating critical transport pathways essential for effective mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Zaidman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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17
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Hardin M, Cho MH, McDonald ML, Wan E, Lomas DA, Coxson HO, MacNee W, Vestbo J, Yates JC, Agusti A, Calverley PMA, Celli B, Crim C, Rennard S, Wouters E, Bakke P, Bhatt SP, Kim V, Ramsdell J, Regan EA, Make BJ, Hokanson JE, Crapo JD, Beaty TH, Hersh CP. A genome-wide analysis of the response to inhaled β2-agonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:326-35. [PMID: 26503814 PMCID: PMC4848212 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Short-acting β2-agonist bronchodilators are the most common medications used in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Genetic variants determining bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) in COPD have not been identified. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BDR in 5789 current or former smokers with COPD in one African-American and four white populations. BDR was defined as the quantitative spirometric response to inhaled β2-agonists. We combined results in a meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes KCNK1 (P=2.02 × 10(-7)) and KCNJ2 (P=1.79 × 10(-7)) were the top associations with BDR. Among African Americans, SNPs in CDH13 were significantly associated with BDR (P=5.1 × 10(-9)). A nominal association with CDH13 was identified in a gene-based analysis in all subjects. We identified suggestive association with BDR among COPD subjects for variants near two potassium channel genes (KCNK1 and KCNJ2). SNPs in CDH13 were significantly associated with BDR in African Americans.The Pharmacogenomics Journal advance online publication, 27 October 2015; doi:10.1038/tpj.2015.65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hardin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Merry-Lynn McDonald
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Wan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A. Lomas
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harvey O. Coxson
- UBC Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William MacNee
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Alvar Agusti
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Univ Barcelona and CIBERES, SP
| | - Peter MA Calverley
- Department of Pulmonary and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Rennard
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Emiel Wouters
- Center for Chronic Diseases, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Victor Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Regan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Barry J. Make
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - John E. Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - James D. Crapo
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Craig P. Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Drug transporters in the nasal epithelium: an overview of strategies in targeted drug delivery. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1381-97. [PMID: 25329195 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we discussed the expression of some ABC (e.g., P-glycoprortein, MRP and CFTR) and SLC (e.g., POT, DAT, OAT, OATP, OCT, EAAT2/GLT1 and GLUT) amino acid, metal and nucleoside transporters in the nasal mucosa. The localization and therapeutic targeting of these transporters are explored in detail. The wide array of transporters discovered so far in the nasal mucosa implies that a plethora of compounds can be delivered by targeting these transporters. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential challenges and delivery options for transporter-mediated drug targeting via the nasal route.
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19
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Renigunta V, Schlichthörl G, Daut J. Much more than a leak: structure and function of K₂p-channels. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:867-94. [PMID: 25791628 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, we have seen an enormous increase in the number of experimental studies on two-pore-domain potassium channels (K2P-channels). The collection of reviews and original articles compiled for this special issue of Pflügers Archiv aims to give an up-to-date summary of what is known about the physiology and pathophysiology of K2P-channels. This introductory overview briefly describes the structure of K2P-channels and their function in different organs. Its main aim is to provide some background information for the 19 reviews and original articles of this special issue of Pflügers Archiv. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review; instead, this introductory overview focuses on some unresolved questions and controversial issues, such as: Do K2P-channels display voltage-dependent gating? Do K2P-channels contribute to the generation of action potentials? What is the functional role of alternative translation initiation? Do K2P-channels have one or two or more gates? We come to the conclusion that we are just beginning to understand the extremely complex regulation of these fascinating channels, which are often inadequately described as 'leak channels'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Renigunta
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037, Marburg, Germany
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20
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Brune K, Frank J, Schwingshackl A, Finigan J, Sidhaye VK. Pulmonary epithelial barrier function: some new players and mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L731-45. [PMID: 25637609 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00309.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary epithelium serves as a barrier to prevent access of the inspired luminal contents to the subepithelium. In addition, the epithelium dictates the initial responses of the lung to both infectious and noninfectious stimuli. One mechanism by which the epithelium does this is by coordinating transport of diffusible molecules across the epithelial barrier, both through the cell and between cells. In this review, we will discuss a few emerging paradigms of permeability changes through altered ion transport and paracellular regulation by which the epithelium gates its response to potentially detrimental luminal stimuli. This review is a summary of talks presented during a symposium in Experimental Biology geared toward novel and less recognized methods of epithelial barrier regulation. First, we will discuss mechanisms of dynamic regulation of cell-cell contacts in the context of repetitive exposure to inhaled infectious and noninfectious insults. In the second section, we will briefly discuss mechanisms of transcellular ion homeostasis specifically focused on the role of claudins and paracellular ion-channel regulation in chronic barrier dysfunction. In the next section, we will address transcellular ion transport and highlight the role of Trek-1 in epithelial responses to lung injury. In the final section, we will outline the role of epithelial growth receptor in barrier regulation in baseline, acute lung injury, and airway disease. We will then end with a summary of mechanisms of epithelial control as well as discuss emerging paradigms of the epithelium role in shifting between a structural element that maintains tight cell-cell adhesion to a cell that initiates and participates in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Brune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Frank
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, and NCIRE/Veterans Health Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Andreas Schwingshackl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - James Finigan
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Center, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Deficiency of the two-pore-domain potassium channel TREK-1 promotes hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e692-701. [PMID: 25126877 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported the expression of the two-pore-domain K channel TREK-1 in lung epithelial cells and proposed a role for this channel in the regulation of alveolar epithelial cytokine secretion. In this study, we focused on investigating the role of TREK-1 in vivo in the development of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. DESIGN Laboratory animal experiments. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Wild-type and TREK-1-deficient mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were anesthetized and exposed to 1) room air, no mechanical ventilation, 2) 95% hyperoxia for 24 hours, and 3) 95% hyperoxia for 24 hours followed by mechanical ventilation for 4 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hyperoxia exposure accentuated lung injury in TREK-1-deficient mice but not controls, resulting in increase in lung injury scores, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers, and cellular apoptosis and a decrease in quasi-static lung compliance. Exposure to a combination of hyperoxia and injurious mechanical ventilation resulted in further morphological lung damage and increased lung injury scores and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers in control but not TREK-1-deficient mice. At baseline and after hyperoxia exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine levels were unchanged in TREK-1-deficient mice compared with controls. Exposure to hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation resulted in an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in both mouse types, but the increase in interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels was less prominent in TREK-1-deficient mice than in controls. Lung tissue macrophage inflammatory protein-2, keratinocyte-derived cytokine, and interleukin-1β gene expression was not altered by hyperoxia in TREK-1-deficient mice compared with controls. Furthermore, we show for the first time TREK-1 expression on alveolar macrophages and unimpaired tumor necrosis factor-α secretion from TREK-1-deficient macrophages. CONCLUSIONS TREK-1 deficiency resulted in increased sensitivity of lungs to hyperoxia, but this effect is less prominent if overwhelming injury is induced by the combination of hyperoxia and injurious mechanical ventilation. TREK-1 may constitute a new potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies against hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
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Abstract
CFTR is a cAMP-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel that is critical for lung homeostasis. Decreases in CFTR expression have dire consequences in cystic fibrosis (CF) and have been suggested to be a component of the lung pathology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Decreases or loss of channel function often lead to mucus stasis, chronic bacterial infections, and the accompanying chronic inflammatory responses that promote progressive lung destruction, and, eventually in CF, lung failure. Here we discuss CFTR's functional role airway surface liquid hydration and pH, in regulation of other channels such as the epithelial sodium channel, and in regulating inflammatory responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Venglovecz V, Rakonczay Z, Gray MA, Hegyi P. Potassium channels in pancreatic duct epithelial cells: their role, function and pathophysiological relevance. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:625-40. [PMID: 25074489 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal epithelial cells play a fundamental role in HCO3 (-) secretion, a process which is essential for maintaining the integrity of the pancreas. Although several studies have implicated impaired HCO3 (-) and fluid secretion as a triggering factor in the development of pancreatitis, the mechanism and regulation of HCO3 (-) secretion is still not completely understood. To date, most studies on the ion transporters that orchestrate ductal HCO3 (-) secretion have focussed on the role of Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchangers and Cl(-) channels, whereas much less is known about the role of K(+) channels. However, there is growing evidence that many types of K(+) channels are present in ductal cells where they have an essential role in establishing and maintaining the electrochemical driving force for anion secretion. For this reason, strategies that increase K(+) channel function may help to restore impaired HCO3 (-) and fluid secretion, such as in pancreatitis, and therefore provide novel directions for future pancreatic therapy. In this review, our aims are to summarize the types of K(+) channels found in pancreatic ductal cells and to discuss their individual roles in ductal HCO3 (-) secretion. We will also describe how K(+) channels are involved in pathophysiological conditions and discuss how they could act as new molecular targets for the development of therapeutic approaches to treat pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,
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24
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Purkey MT, Li J, Mentch F, Grant SFA, Desrosiers M, Hakonarson H, Toskala E. Genetic variation in genes encoding airway epithelial potassium channels is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in a pediatric population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89329. [PMID: 24595210 PMCID: PMC3940609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apical potassium channels regulate ion transport in airway epithelial cells and influence air surface liquid (ASL) hydration and mucociliary clearance (MCC). We sought to identify whether genetic variation within genes encoding airway potassium channels is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for selected potassium channels were derived from data generated on the Illumnia HumanHap550 BeadChip or Illumina Human610-Quad BeadChip for 828 unrelated individuals diagnosed with CRS and 5,083 unrelated healthy controls from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Statistical analysis was performed with set-based tests using PLINK, and corrected for multiple testing. Results Set-based case control analysis revealed the gene KCNMA1 was associated with CRS in our Caucasian subset of the cohort (598 CRS cases and 3,489 controls; p = 0.022, based on 10,000 permutations). In addition there was borderline evidence that the gene KCNQ5 (p = 0.0704) was associated with the trait in our African American subset of the cohort (230 CRS cases and 1,594 controls). In addition to the top significant SNPs rs2917454 and rs6907229, imputation analysis uncovered additional genetic variants in KCNMA1 and in KCNQ5 that were associated with CRS. Conclusions We have implicated two airway epithelial potassium channels as novel susceptibility loci in contributing to the pathogenesis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Purkey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jin Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frank Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Martin Desrosiers
- Department of Otolaryngology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HH); (ET)
| | - Elina Toskala
- Department of Otolaryngology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HH); (ET)
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25
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Lee RJ, Kofonow JM, Rosen PL, Siebert AP, Chen B, Doghramji L, Xiong G, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Kreindler JL, Margolskee RF, Cohen NA. Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate human upper respiratory innate immunity. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1393-405. [PMID: 24531552 DOI: 10.1172/jci72094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) in the human airway detect harmful compounds, including secreted bacterial products. Here, using human primary sinonasal air-liquid interface cultures and tissue explants, we determined that activation of a subset of airway T2Rs expressed in nasal solitary chemosensory cells activates a calcium wave that propagates through gap junctions to the surrounding respiratory epithelial cells. The T2R-dependent calcium wave stimulated robust secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the mucus that was capable of killing a variety of respiratory pathogens. Furthermore, sweet taste receptor (T1R2/3) activation suppressed T2R-mediated antimicrobial peptide secretion, suggesting that T1R2/3-mediated inhibition of T2Rs prevents full antimicrobial peptide release during times of relative health. In contrast, during acute bacterial infection, T1R2/3 is likely deactivated in response to bacterial consumption of airway surface liquid glucose, alleviating T2R inhibition and resulting in antimicrobial peptide secretion. We found that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis have elevated glucose concentrations in their nasal secretions, and other reports have shown that patients with hyperglycemia likewise have elevated nasal glucose levels. These data suggest that increased glucose in respiratory secretions in pathologic states, such as chronic rhinosinusitis or hyperglycemia, promotes tonic activation of T1R2/3 and suppresses T2R-mediated innate defense. Furthermore, targeting T1R2/3-dependent suppression of T2Rs may have therapeutic potential for upper respiratory tract infections.
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26
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Girault A, Brochiero E. Evidence of K+ channel function in epithelial cell migration, proliferation, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C307-19. [PMID: 24196531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00226.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficient repair of epithelial tissue, which is frequently exposed to insults, is necessary to maintain its functional integrity. It is therefore necessary to better understand the biological and molecular determinants of tissue regeneration and to develop new strategies to promote epithelial repair. Interestingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that many members of the large and widely expressed family of K(+) channels are involved in regulation of cell migration and proliferation, key processes of epithelial repair. First, we briefly summarize the complex mechanisms, including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, engaged after epithelial injury. We then present evidence implicating K(+) channels in the regulation of these key repair processes. We also describe the mechanisms whereby K(+) channels may control epithelial repair processes. In particular, changes in membrane potential, K(+) concentration, cell volume, intracellular Ca(2+), and signaling pathways following modulation of K(+) channel activity, as well as physical interaction of K(+) channels with the cytoskeleton or integrins are presented. Finally, we discuss the challenges to efficient, specific, and safe targeting of K(+) channels for therapeutic applications to improve epithelial repair in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Girault
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
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27
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Herold S, Gabrielli NM, Vadász I. Novel concepts of acute lung injury and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L665-81. [PMID: 24039257 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize recent major advances in our understanding on the molecular mechanisms, mediators, and biomarkers of acute lung injury (ALI) and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, highlighting the role of immune cells, inflammatory and noninflammatory signaling events, mechanical noxae, and the affected cellular and molecular entities and functions. Furthermore, we address novel aspects of resolution and repair of ALI, as well as putative candidates for treatment of ALI, including pharmacological and cellular therapeutic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Herold
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig Univ., Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
Ion channels perform a variety of cellular functions in lung epithelia. Oxidant- and antioxidant-mediated mechanisms (that is, redox regulation) of ion channels are areas of intense research. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of redox regulation of ion channels since the last Experimental Biology report in 2003. Advancements include: 1) identification of nonphagocytic NADPH oxidases as sources of regulated reactive species (RS) production in epithelia, 2) an understanding that excessive treatment with antioxidants can result in greater oxidative stress, and 3) characterization of novel RS signaling pathways that converge upon ion channel regulation. These advancements, as discussed at the 2013 Experimental Biology Meeting in Boston, MA, impact our understanding of oxidative stress in the lung, and, in particular, illustrate that the redox state has profound effects on ion channel and cellular function.
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29
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Nielsen G, Wandall-Frostholm C, Sadda V, Oliván-Viguera A, Lloyd EE, Bryan RM, Simonsen U, Köhler R. Alterations of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-activated K2P channels in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:250-8. [PMID: 23724868 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-activated two-pore domain potassium channels (K2P ) have been proposed to be expressed in the pulmonary vasculature. However, their physiological or pathophysiological roles are poorly defined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PUFA-activated K2P are involved in pulmonary vasorelaxation and that alterations of channel expression are pathophysiologically linked to pulmonary hypertension. Expression of PUFA-activated K2P in the murine lung was investigated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), by patch clamp (PC) and myography. K2P -gene expression was examined in chronic hypoxic mice. qRT-PCR showed that the K2P 2.1 and K2P 6.1 were the predominantly expressed K2P in the murine lung. IHC revealed protein expression of K2P 2.1 and K2P 6.1 in the endothelium of pulmonary arteries and of K2P 6.1 in bronchial epithelium. PC showed pimozide-sensitive K2P -like K(+) -current activated by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in freshly isolated endothelial cells as well as DHA-induced membrane hyperpolarization. Myography on pulmonary arteries showed that DHA induced concentration-dependent instantaneous relaxations that were resistant to endothelial removal and inhibition of NO and prostacyclin synthesis and to a cocktail of blockers of calcium-activated K(+) channels but were abolished by high extracellular (30 mM) K(+) -concentration. Gene expression and protein of K2P 2.1 were not altered in chronic hypoxic mice, while K2P 6.1 was up-regulated by fourfold. In conclusion, the PUFA-activated K2P 2.1 and K2P 6.1 are expressed in murine lung and functional K2P -like channels contribute to endothelium hyperpolarization and pulmonary artery relaxation. The increased K2P 6.1-gene expression may represent a novel counter-regulatory mechanism in pulmonary hypertension and suggest that arterial K2P 2.1 and K2P 6.1 could be novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorm Nielsen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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30
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Patel SK, Jackson L, Warren AY, Arya P, Shaw RW, Khan RN. A role for two-pore potassium (K2P) channels in endometrial epithelial function. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:134-46. [PMID: 23305490 PMCID: PMC3823143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human endometrial epithelium is pivotal to menstrual cycle progression, implantation and early pregnancy. Endometrial function is directly regulated by local factors that include pH, oxygen tension and ion concentrations to generate an environment conducive to fertilization. A superfamily of potassium channels characterized by two-pore domains (K2P) and encoded by KCNK genes is implicated in the control of the cell resting membrane potential through the generation of leak currents and modulation by various physicochemical stimuli. The aims of the study were to determine the expression and function of K2P channel subtypes in proliferative and secretory phase endometrium obtained from normo-ovulatory women and in an endometrial cancer cell line. Using immunochemical methods, real-time qRT-PCR proliferation assays and electrophysiology. Our results demonstrate mRNA for several K2P channel subtypes in human endometrium with molecular expression of TREK-1 shown to be higher in proliferative than secretory phase endometrium (P < 0.001). The K2P channel blockers methanandamide, lidocaine, zinc and curcumin had antiproliferative effects (P < 0.01) in an endometrial epithelial cancer cell line indicating a role for TASK and TREK-1 channels in proliferation. Tetraethylammonium- and 4-aminopyridine-insensitive outwards currents were inhibited at all voltages by reducing extracellular pH from 7.4 to 6.6. Higher expression of TREK-1 expression in proliferative phase endometrium may, in part, underlie linked to increased cell division. The effects of pH and a lack of effect of non-specific channel blockers of voltage-gated potassium channels imply a role for K2P channels in the regulation of human endometrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj K Patel
- Academic Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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Kreindler JL, Chen B, Kreitman Y, Kofonow J, Adams KM, Cohen NA. The Novel Dry Extract BNO 1011 Stimulates Chloride Transport and Ciliary Beat Frequency in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cultures. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2012; 26:439-43. [DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Herbal remedies predate written history and continue to be used more frequently than conventional pharmaceutical medications. The novel dry extract BNO 1011 is based on a combination of five herbs that is used to treat acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. We evaluated the pharmacologic effects of the novel dry extract BNO 1011 on human respiratory epithelial cultures specifically addressing electrolyte transport and cilia beat frequency (CBF). Methods Well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial cultures grown at an air–liquid interface were treated on the apical or basolateral surface with varying concentrations of dry extract BNO 1011. Changes in transepithelial sodium and chloride transport were determined in Ussing chambers under voltage-clamped conditions. Changes in CBF were determined using the Sissons-Ammons Video Analysis system (Ammons Engineering, Mt. Morris, MI). Results When applied to the apical surface, dry extract BNO 1011 activated forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion and ciliary beat in a dose-dependent fashion. Basolateral application of dry extract BNO 1011 did not alter the measured physiological properties. Conclusion Apical application of dry extract BNO 1011 stimulates both chloride secretion and CBF and therefore may augment mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Kreindler
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yael Kreitman
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Kofonow
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly M. Adams
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noam A. Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Lee RJ, Xiong G, Kofonow JM, Chen B, Lysenko A, Jiang P, Abraham V, Doghramji L, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Beauchamp GK, Doulias PT, Ischiropoulos H, Kreindler JL, Reed DR, Cohen NA. T2R38 taste receptor polymorphisms underlie susceptibility to upper respiratory infection. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4145-59. [PMID: 23041624 PMCID: PMC3484455 DOI: 10.1172/jci64240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive defense mechanisms protect the respiratory system from attack by microbes. Here, we present evidence that the bitter taste receptor T2R38 regulates the mucosal innate defense of the human upper airway. Utilizing immunofluorescent and live cell imaging techniques in polarized primary human sinonasal cells, we demonstrate that T2R38 is expressed in human upper respiratory epithelium and is activated in response to acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing molecules secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria. Receptor activation regulates calcium-dependent NO production, resulting in stimulation of mucociliary clearance and direct antibacterial effects. Moreover, common polymorphisms of the TAS2R38 gene were linked to significant differences in the ability of upper respiratory cells to clear and kill bacteria. Lastly, TAS2R38 genotype correlated with human sinonasal gram-negative bacterial infection. These data suggest that T2R38 is an upper airway sentinel in innate defense and that genetic variation contributes to individual differences in susceptibility to respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guoxiang Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Kofonow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Lysenko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valsamma Abraham
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurel Doghramji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David W. Kennedy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary K. Beauchamp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paschalis-Thomas Doulias
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James L. Kreindler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle R. Reed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Noam A. Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ji HL, Zhao RZ, Chen ZX, Shetty S, Idell S, Matalon S. δ ENaC: a novel divergent amiloride-inhibitable sodium channel. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L1013-26. [PMID: 22983350 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00206.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fourth subunit of the epithelial sodium channel, termed delta subunit (δ ENaC), was cloned in human and monkey. Increasing evidence shows that this unique subunit and its splice variants exhibit biophysical and pharmacological properties that are divergent from those of α ENaC channels. The widespread distribution of epithelial sodium channels in both epithelial and nonepithelial tissues implies a range of physiological functions. The altered expression of SCNN1D is associated with numerous pathological conditions. Genetic studies link SCNN1D deficiency with rare genetic diseases with developmental and functional disorders in the brain, heart, and respiratory systems. Here, we review the progress of research on δ ENaC in genomics, biophysics, proteomics, physiology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Long Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA.
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