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Nair AV, Singh A, Rajmani RS, Chakravortty D. Salmonella Typhimurium employs spermidine to exert protection against ROS-mediated cytotoxicity and rewires host polyamine metabolism to ameliorate its survival in macrophages. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103151. [PMID: 38593631 PMCID: PMC11015157 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infection entails a cascade of attacks and defence measures. After breaching the intestinal epithelial barrier, Salmonella is phagocytosed by macrophages, where the bacteria encounter multiple stresses, to which it employs relevant countermeasures. Our study shows that, in Salmonella, the polyamine spermidine activates a stress response mechanism by regulating critical antioxidant genes. Salmonella Typhimurium mutants for spermidine transport and synthesis cannot mount an antioxidative response, resulting in high intracellular ROS levels. These mutants are also compromised in their ability to be phagocytosed by macrophages. Furthermore, it regulates a novel enzyme in Salmonella, Glutathionyl-spermidine synthetase (GspSA), which prevents the oxidation of proteins in E. coli. Moreover, the spermidine mutants and the GspSA mutant show significantly reduced survival in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in vitro and reduced organ burden in the mouse model of Salmonella infection. Conversely, in macrophages isolated from gp91phox-/- mice, we observed a rescue in the attenuated fold proliferation previously observed upon infection. We found that Salmonella upregulates polyamine biosynthesis in the host through its effectors from SPI-1 and SPI-2, which addresses the attenuated proliferation observed in spermidine transport mutants. Thus, inhibition of this pathway in the host abrogates the proliferation of Salmonella Typhimurium in macrophages. From a therapeutic perspective, inhibiting host polyamine biosynthesis using an FDA-approved chemopreventive drug, D, L-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), reduces Salmonella colonisation and tissue damage in the mouse model of infection while enhancing the survival of infected mice. Therefore, our work provides a mechanistic insight into the critical role of spermidine in stress resistance of Salmonella. It also reveals a bacterial strategy in modulating host metabolism to promote their intracellular survival and shows the potential of DFMO to curb Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Vijay Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anmol Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R S Rajmani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Adjunct Faculty, School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
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2
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Pokharel MD, Garcia-Flores A, Marciano D, Franco MC, Fineman JR, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Black SM. Mitochondrial network dynamics in pulmonary disease: Bridging the gap between inflammation, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103049. [PMID: 38295575 PMCID: PMC10844980 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought of in terms of bioenergetics, mitochondria are now widely accepted as both the orchestrator of cellular health and the gatekeeper of cell death. The pulmonary disease field has performed extensive efforts to explore the role of mitochondria in regulating inflammation, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. However, a critical component of these processes needs to be more studied: mitochondrial network dynamics. Mitochondria morphologically change in response to their environment to regulate these processes through fusion, fission, and mitophagy. This allows mitochondria to adapt their function to respond to cellular requirements, a critical component in maintaining cellular homeostasis. For that reason, mitochondrial network dynamics can be considered a bridge that brings multiple cellular processes together, revealing a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the critical modulators of mitochondrial dynamics and how they are affected in pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A dysregulated mitochondrial network plays a crucial role in lung disease pathobiology, and aberrant fission/fusion/mitophagy pathways are druggable processes that warrant further exploration. Thus, we also discuss the candidates for lung disease therapeutics that regulate mitochondrial network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - David Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria C Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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3
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Kargarpour Z, Cicko S, Köhler TC, Zech A, Stoshikj S, Bal C, Renner A, Idzko M, El-Gazzar A. Blocking P2Y2 purinergic receptor prevents the development of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1310098. [PMID: 38179047 PMCID: PMC10765495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality resulting from a direct or indirect injury of the lung. It is characterized by a rapid alveolar injury, lung inflammation with neutrophil accumulation, elevated permeability of the microvascular-barrier leading to an aggregation of protein-rich fluid in the lungs, followed by impaired oxygenation in the arteries and eventual respiratory failure. Very recently, we have shown an involvement of the Gq-coupled P2Y2 purinergic receptor (P2RY2) in allergic airway inflammation (AAI). In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of the P2RY2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS mouse model. We found that the expression of P2ry2 in neutrophils, macrophages and lung tissue from animals with LPS-induced ARDS was strongly upregulated at mRNA level. In addition, ATP-neutralization by apyrase in vivo markedly attenuated inflammation and blocking of P2RY2 by non-selective antagonist suramin partially decreased inflammation. This was indicated by a reduction in the number of neutrophils, concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in the BALF, microvascular plasma leakage and reduced features of inflammation in histological analysis of the lung. P2RY2 blocking has also attenuated polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration into the interstitium of the lungs in ARDS mouse model. Consistently, treatment of P2ry2 deficient mice with LPS lead to an amelioration of the inflammatory response showed by reduced number of neutrophils and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. In attempts to identify the cell type specific role of P2RY2, a series of experiments with conditional P2ry2 knockout animals were performed. We observed that P2ry2 expression in neutrophils, but not in the airway epithelial cells or CD4+ cells, was associated with the inflammatory features caused by ARDS. Altogether, our findings imply for the first time that increased endogenous ATP concentration via activation of P2RY2 is related to the pathogenesis of LPS-induced lung inflammation and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ARDS and predictably assess new treatments in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kargarpour
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sanja Cicko
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Köhler
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zech
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Slagjana Stoshikj
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Bal
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Renner
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Lee KH. Internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translational activity of nitric oxide synthase 2. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:321-328. [PMID: 38414531 PMCID: PMC10898816 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2275613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is a unique structure found in the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that allows ribosomes to bind and initiate translation without the need for a cap structure. In this study, we investigated the presence and functional properties of the IRES activity of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) mRNA, which encodes an enzyme that produces nitric oxide in response to various stimuli such as inflammation. Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including immune responses and neuronal signaling. Our results showed the existence of IRES activity in the 5'-UTR of Nos2 mRNA in various cell types. IRES-mediated translation of NOS2 mRNA was higher in neuronal cells and its activity increased in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Despite inhibition of cap-dependent translation, nitrite production was partially maintained. These results demonstrate the presence of IRES activity in the 5'-UTR of NOS2 mRNA and suggest that IRES-mediated translation plays a key role in controlling nitric oxide production in response to LPS, an inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ha Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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5
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Teo KYW, Zhang S, Loh JT, Lai RC, Hey HWD, Lam KP, Lim SK, Toh WS. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Exosomes Mediate M2-like Macrophage Polarization through CD73/Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051489. [PMID: 37242732 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exosomes have been shown to alleviate immune dysfunction and inflammation in preclinical animal models. This therapeutic effect is attributed, in part, to their ability to promote the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages. One polarization mechanism has been shown to involve the activation of the MyD88-mediated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by the presence of extra domain A-fibronectin (EDA-FN) within the MSC exosomes. Here, we uncovered an additional mechanism where MSC exosomes mediate M2-like macrophage polarization through exosomal CD73 activity. Specifically, we observed that polarization of M2-like macrophages by MSC exosomes was abolished in the presence of inhibitors of CD73 activity, adenosine receptors A2A and A2B, and AKT/ERK phosphorylation. These findings suggest that MSC exosomes promote M2-like macrophage polarization by catalyzing the production of adenosine, which then binds to adenosine receptors A2A and A2B to activate AKT/ERK-dependent signaling pathways. Thus, CD73 represents an additional critical attribute of MSC exosomes in mediating M2-like macrophage polarization. These findings have implications for predicting the immunomodulatory potency of MSC exosome preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristeen Ye Wen Teo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Shipin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Jia Tong Loh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Weng Dennis Hey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Kim J, Han JY, Lee Y, Kim K, Choi YP, Chae S, Hoe HS. Genetic deletion of nitric oxide synthase 2 ameliorates Parkinson's disease pathology and neuroinflammation in a transgenic mouse model of synucleinopathy. Mol Brain 2023; 16:7. [PMID: 36647152 PMCID: PMC9841612 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-00996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have demonstrated that nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) is involved in AD pathology. However, the effects of NOS2 on the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well studied. To address this gap, we examined the impact of NOS2 on disease-associated phenotypes in a mouse model of PD. Transgenic mice carrying the A53T mutation of α-synuclein (SynA53T) and newly generated double transgenic mice with deletion of NOS2 (SynA53T/NOS2-/-) were used. Compared with SynA53T mice, the loss of nos2 decreased α-synuclein phosphorylation at serine 129 and reduced α-synuclein-induced microglial and astrocyte activation in SynA53T/NOS-/- mice. Additionally, neuroinflammation-related gene clusters in the deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe) were altered in SynA53T/NOS-/- mice compared with SynA53T mice. Taken together, our results suggest that deletion of nos2 alleviates α-synuclein pathology and α-synuclein-associated neuroinflammatory responses in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41062 South Korea
| | - Jung-Youn Han
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Laboratory Animal Center, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41062 South Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41062 South Korea
| | - Kipom Kim
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Research Strategy Office, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41062 South Korea
| | - Young Pyo Choi
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Laboratory Animal Center, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41062 South Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Neurovescular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41062 South Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41062 South Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988 South Korea
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Jiang X, Lin Y, Wu Y, Yuan C, Lang X, Chen J, Zhu C, Yang X, Huang Y, Wang H, Wu C. Identification of potential anti-pneumonia pharmacological components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma after the treatment with Gan An He Ji oral liquid. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:839-851. [PMID: 36605579 PMCID: PMC9805948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicine also known as Gan Cao (GC), is frequently included in clinical prescriptions for the treatment of pneumonia. However, the pharmacological components of GC for pneumonia treatment are rarely explored. Gan An He Ji oral liquid (GAHJ) has a simple composition and contains GC liquid extracts and paregoric, and has been used clinically for many years. Therefore, GAHJ was selected as a compound preparation for the study of GC in the treatment of pneumonia. We conducted an in vivo study of patients with pneumonia undergoing GAHJ treatments for three days. Using the intelligent mass spectrometry data-processing technologies to analyze the metabolism of GC in vivo, we obtained 168 related components of GC in humans, consisting of 24 prototype components and 144 metabolites, with 135 compounds screened in plasma and 82 in urine. After analysis of the metabolic transformation relationship and relative exposure, six components (liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, daidzin, and formononetin) were selected as potential effective components. The experimental results based on two animal pneumonia models and the inflammatory cell model showed that the mixture of these six components was effective in the treatment of pneumonia and lung injury and could effectively downregulate the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Interestingly, glycyrrhetinic acid exhibited the strongest inhibition on iNOS and the highest exposure in vivo. The following molecular dynamic simulations indicated a strong bond between glycyrrhetinic acid and iNOS. Thus, the current study provides a pharmaceutical basis for GC and reveals the possible corresponding mechanisms in pneumonia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yihua Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Yunlong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xuli Lang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China,Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China,Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China,Corresponding author.
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Transgenic Overexpression of Myocilin Leads to Variable Ocular Anterior Segment and Retinal Alterations Associated with Extracellular Matrix Abnormalities in Adult Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179989. [PMID: 36077382 PMCID: PMC9456529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocilin is an enigmatic glaucoma-associated glycoprotein whose biological role remains incompletely understood. To gain novel insight into its normal function, we used transposon-mediated transgenesis to generate the first zebrafish line stably overexpressing myocilin [Tg(actb1:myoc-2A-mCherry)]. qPCR showed an approximately four-fold increased myocilin expression in transgenic zebrafish embryos (144 hpf). Adult (13 months old) transgenic animals displayed variable and age-dependent ocular anterior segment alterations. Almost 60% of two-year-old male, but not female, transgenic zebrafish developed enlarged eyes with severe asymmetrical and variable abnormalities in the anterior segment, characterized by corneal limbus hypertrophy, and thickening of the cornea, iris, annular ligament and lens capsule. The most severe phenotype presented small or absent ocular anterior chamber and pupils, due to iris overgrowth along with dysplastic retinal growth and optic nerve hypertrophy. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased presence of myocilin in most altered ocular tissues of adult transgenic animals, as well as signs of retinal gliosis and expanded ganglion cells and nerve fibers. The preliminary results indicate that these cells contributed to retinal dysplasia. Visual impairment was demonstrated in all old male transgenic zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis of the abnormal transgenic eyes identified disrupted expression of genes involved in lens, muscular and extracellular matrix activities, among other processes. In summary, the developed transgenic zebrafish provides a new tool to investigate this puzzling protein and provides evidence for the role of zebrafish myocilin in ocular anterior segment and retinal biology, through the influence of extracellular matrix organization and cellular proliferation.
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Takashima M, Lalonde C, Olszanski LA, Zhao FQ. Localized and Systemic Inflammatory Mediators in a Murine Acute Mastitis Model. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4053-4067. [PMID: 34456581 PMCID: PMC8387587 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s313799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Milk depression is the major driver of economic loss due to mastitis in dairy animals. The aim of this study was to identify potential mediators of milk depression by investigating the local and systemic changes in gene expression or cytokine production during endotoxin challenge of the mammary gland in a mouse model. Methods The left and right sides of the 4th pair of mouse mammary glands were alternatively injected with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 055: B5, 50 μL of 0.4 mg/mL) or sterile PBS through the teat meatus 3 days postpartum (n = 9). The 4th glands were individually collected 12 h after LPS injection and analyzed to identify gene expression changes by RNA sequencing and real-time PCR, and the plasma was collected before and after LPS challenge and analyzed to determine the levels of 32 cytokines. Results Transcriptome analysis showed that in addition to strong pro-inflammatory responses, which included granulocyte and monocyte migration and cytokine production and signaling, the LPS-treated glands exhibited strong ubiquitin-mediated and immune-mediated proteasome activation and an increase in nitric oxide-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, LPS induced a down-regulation in vesicle membrane, vesicle-mediated trafficking, and metabolic processes of amino acids and other organic molecules in the mammary gland. Of the 32 cytokines analyzed, the levels of 24 (mainly IL-6, G-CSF, MCP-1, RANTES, MIG, MIP-1b, KC, MIP-2, IP-10, and TNFα) were increased or tended to increase in the blood after LPS treatment, and only the levels of IL-9 were decreased. In the mammary gland after LPS challenge, the levels of IL-5, IL-6, IP-10, LIF, MCP-1, MIP-2, and TNFα were significantly increased, and the levels of INFΥ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12 (p40) were decreased. Discussion These observations provide potential markers and targets for further studies on the prevention and treatment of gram-negative bacteria-induced mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Takashima
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Osaka, 532-0003, Japan
| | - Christian Lalonde
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Laura Ashley Olszanski
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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10
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Król E, Noguera P, Shaw S, Costelloe E, Gajardo K, Valdenegro V, Bickerdike R, Douglas A, Martin SAM. Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling. Front Genet 2020; 11:610. [PMID: 32636874 PMCID: PMC7316992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes such as gas exchange, osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base balance and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Due to its extensive interface with the environment, the gill plays a key role as a primary mucosal defense tissue against pathogens, as manifested by the presence of the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). In recent years, the prevalence of multifactorial gill pathologies has increased significantly, causing substantial losses in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. The transition from healthy to unhealthy gill phenotypes and the progression of multifactorial gill pathologies, such as proliferative gill disease (PGD), proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) and complex gill disorder (CGD), are commonly characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and inflammation. Routine monitoring for PGD relies on visual inspection and non-invasive scoring of the gill tissue (gross morphology), coupled with histopathological examination of gill sections. To explore the underlying molecular events that are associated with the progression of PGD, we sampled Atlantic salmon from three different marine production sites in Scotland and examined the gill tissue at three different levels of organization: gross morphology with the use of PGD scores (macroscopic examination), whole transcriptome (gene expression by RNA-seq) and histopathology (microscopic examination). Our results strongly suggested that the changes in PGD scores of the gill tissue were not associated with the changes in gene expression or histopathology. In contrast, integration of the gill RNA-seq data with the gill histopathology enabled us to identify common gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease, independently from the origin of samples. We demonstrated that the gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease were dominated by two processes: a range of immune responses driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and the events associated with tissue damage and repair, driven by caspases and angiogenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Król
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Noguera
- Fish Health and Welfare, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Shaw
- Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin Costelloe
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alex Douglas
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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11
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Chen R, Yuan L, Cao N, Li P, Chen H, Zhou J, Hao X, Liu T, Yang WH, Cui S, Yan X. An immunosuppressive peptide from the horsefly inhibits inflammation by repressing macrophage maturation and phagocytosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14116-14126. [PMID: 30977239 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ectoparasites repress host immune responses while they obtain nutrition from their hosts. Understanding the immunosuppressive mechanisms between ectoparasites and their hosts will provide new strategies to develop potential immunosuppressive drugs against immune disorder diseases. Previously, we have discovered that a small peptide, immunoregulin HA, from the horsefly (Hybomitra atriperoides) may play an immunosuppressive role in rat splenocytes. However, the targeting cells and detailed mechanisms of immunoregulin HA in immunosuppressive reactions are not well defined. Here, we show that immunoregulin HA reduces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Interestingly, we discover that the major cytokines repressed by immunoregulin HA are secreted by macrophages, rather than by T cells. Furthermore, immunoregulin HA inhibits macrophage maturation and phagocytosis. Mechanically, the activations of c-JUN N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase upon LPS stimulation are decreased by immunoregulin HA. Consistently, immunoregulin HA treatment exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse model of adjuvant-induced paw inflammation. Taken together, our data reveal that immunoregulin HA conducts the anti-inflammatory activity by blocking macrophage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Division of Cancer Immunity, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nengqi Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Unit of Human Parasite Molecular and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Division of Cancer Immunity, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhong Cui
- Division of Cancer Immunity, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Division of Cancer Immunity, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Dromparis P, Aboelnazar NS, Wagner S, Himmat S, White CW, Hatami S, Luc JGY, Rotich S, Freed DH, Nagendran J, Mengel M, Adam BA. Ex vivo perfusion induces a time- and perfusate-dependent molecular repair response in explanted porcine lungs. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1024-1036. [PMID: 30230229 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) shows promise in ameliorating pretransplant acute lung injury (ALI) and expanding the donor organ pool, but the mechanisms of ex vivo repair remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess the utility of gene expression for characterizing ALI during EVLP. One hundred sixty-nine porcine lung samples were collected in vivo (n = 25), after 0 (n = 11) and 12 (n = 11) hours of cold static preservation (CSP), and after 0 (n = 57), 6 (n = 8), and 12 (n = 57) hours of EVLP, utilizing various ventilation and perfusate strategies. The expression of 53 previously described ALI-related genes was measured and correlated with function and histology. Twenty-eight genes were significantly upregulated and 6 genes downregulated after 12 hours of EVLP. Aggregate gene sets demonstrated differential expression with EVLP (P < .001) but not CSP. Upregulated 28-gene set expression peaked after 6 hours of EVLP, whereas downregulated 6-gene set expression continued to decline after 12 hours. Cellular perfusates demonstrated a greater reduction in downregulated 6-gene set expression vs acellular perfusate (P < .038). Gene set expression correlated with relevant functional and histologic parameters, including P/F ratio (P < .001) and interstitial inflammation (P < .005). Further studies with posttransplant results are warranted to evaluate the clinical significance of this novel molecular approach for assessing organ quality during EVLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dromparis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nader S Aboelnazar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Siegfried Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sayed Himmat
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher W White
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanaz Hatami
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica G Y Luc
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Silas Rotich
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren H Freed
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jayan Nagendran
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Mengel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin A Adam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Kartchner LB, Gode CJ, Dunn JLM, Glenn LI, Duncan DN, Wolfgang MC, Cairns BA, Maile R. One-hit wonder: Late after burn injury, granulocytes can clear one bacterial infection but cannot control a subsequent infection. Burns 2019; 45:627-640. [PMID: 30833100 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Burn injury induces an acute hyperactive immune response followed by a chronic immune dysregulation that leaves those afflicted susceptible to multiple secondary infections. Many murine models are able to recapitulate the acute immune response to burn injury, yet few models are able to recapitulate long-term immune suppression and thus chronic susceptibility to bacterial infections seen in burn patients. This has hindered the field, making evaluation of the mechanisms responsible for these susceptibilities difficult to study. Herein we describe a novel mouse model of burn injury that promotes chronic immune suppression allowing for susceptibility to primary and secondary infections and thus allows for the evaluation of associated mechanisms. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice receiving a full-thickness contact burn were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 days (primary infection) and/or 17 days (secondary infection) after burn or sham injury. The survival, pulmonary and systemic bacterial load as well as frequency and function of innate immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages) were evaluated. RESULTS Following secondary infection, burn mice were less effective in clearance of bacteria compared to sham injured or burn mice following a primary infection. Following secondary infection both neutrophils and macrophages recruited to the airways exhibited reduced production of anti-bacterial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the pro-inflammatory cytokineIL-12 while macrophages demonstrated increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 compared to those from sham burned mice and/or burn mice receiving a primary infection. In addition the BALF from these mice contained significantly higher level so of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 compared to those from sham burned mice and/or burn mice receiving a primary infection. CONCLUSIONS Burn-mediated protection from infection is transient, with a secondary infection inducing immune protection to collapse. Repeated infection leads to increased neutrophil and macrophage numbers in the lungs late after burn injury, with diminished innate immune cell function and an increased anti-inflammatory cytokine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel B Kartchner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cindy J Gode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, USA
| | - Julia L M Dunn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lindsey I Glenn
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Danté N Duncan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew C Wolfgang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, USA
| | - Bruce A Cairns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Jaycee Burn Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Jaycee Burn Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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14
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Cochet F, Facchini FA, Zaffaroni L, Billod JM, Coelho H, Holgado A, Braun H, Beyaert R, Jerala R, Jimenez-Barbero J, Martin-Santamaria S, Peri F. Novel carboxylate-based glycolipids: TLR4 antagonism, MD-2 binding and self-assembly properties. Sci Rep 2019; 9:919. [PMID: 30696900 PMCID: PMC6351529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New monosaccharide-based lipid A analogues were rationally designed through MD-2 docking studies. A panel of compounds with two carboxylate groups as phosphates bioisosteres, was synthesized with the same glucosamine-bis-succinyl core linked to different unsaturated and saturated fatty acid chains. The binding of the synthetic compounds to purified, functional recombinant human MD-2 was studied by four independent methods. All compounds bound to MD-2 with similar affinities and inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the LPS-stimulated TLR4 signaling in human and murine cells, while being inactive as TLR4 agonists when provided alone. A compound of the panel was tested in vivo and was not able to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in animals. This lack of activity is probably due to strong binding to serum albumin, as suggested by cell experiments in the presence of the serum. The interesting self-assembly property in solution of this type of compounds was investigated by computational methods and microscopy, and formation of large vesicles was observed by cryo-TEM microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Cochet
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio A Facchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Lenny Zaffaroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Billod
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Coelho
- Molecular Recognition & Host-Pathogen Interactions Programme, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48170, Derio, Spain.,UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Aurora Holgado
- Unit for Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harald Braun
- Unit for Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit for Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jesus Jimenez-Barbero
- Molecular Recognition & Host-Pathogen Interactions Programme, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48170, Derio, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martin-Santamaria
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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15
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Startek JB, Boonen B, Talavera K, Meseguer V. TRP Channels as Sensors of Chemically-Induced Changes in Cell Membrane Mechanical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E371. [PMID: 30654572 PMCID: PMC6359677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential ion channels (TRPs) have been described as polymodal sensors, being responsible for transducing a wide variety of stimuli, and being involved in sensory functions such as chemosensation, thermosensation, mechanosensation, and photosensation. Mechanical and chemical stresses exerted on the membrane can be transduced by specialized proteins into meaningful intracellular biochemical signaling, resulting in physiological changes. Of particular interest are compounds that can change the local physical properties of the membrane, thereby affecting nearby proteins, such as TRP channels, which are highly sensitive to the membrane environment. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of TRP channel activation as a result of changes in the membrane properties induced by amphipathic structural lipidic components such as cholesterol and diacylglycerol, and by exogenous amphipathic bacterial endotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna B Startek
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Brett Boonen
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Victor Meseguer
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández y CSIC, E-03550 Alicante , Spain.
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16
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Integrative approach to sporadic Alzheimer's disease: deficiency of TYROBP in cerebral Aβ amyloidosis mouse normalizes clinical phenotype and complement subnetwork molecular pathology without reducing Aβ burden. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:431-446. [PMID: 30283032 PMCID: PMC6494440 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrative gene network approaches enable new avenues of exploration that implicate causal genes in sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) pathogenesis, thereby offering novel insights for drug-discovery programs. We previously constructed a probabilistic causal network model of sporadic LOAD and identified TYROBP/DAP12, encoding a microglial transmembrane signaling polypeptide and direct adapter of TREM2, as the most robust key driver gene in the network. Here, we show that absence of TYROBP/DAP12 in a mouse model of AD-type cerebral Aβ amyloidosis (APPKM670/671NL/PSEN1Δexon9) recapitulates the expected network characteristics by normalizing the transcriptome of APP/PSEN1 mice and repressing the induction of genes involved in the switch from homeostatic microglia to disease-associated microglia (DAM), including Trem2, complement (C1qa, C1qb, C1qc, and Itgax), Clec7a and Cst7. Importantly, we show that constitutive absence of TYROBP/DAP12 in the amyloidosis mouse model prevented appearance of the electrophysiological and learning behavior alterations associated with the phenotype of APPKM670/671NL/PSEN1Δexon9 mice. Our results suggest that TYROBP/DAP12 could represent a novel therapeutic target to slow, arrest, or prevent the development of sporadic LOAD. These data establish that the network pathology observed in postmortem human LOAD brain can be faithfully recapitulated in the brain of a genetically manipulated mouse. These data also validate our multiscale gene networks by demonstrating how the networks intersect with the standard neuropathological features of LOAD.
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17
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Merckx P, De Backer L, Van Hoecke L, Guagliardo R, Echaide M, Baatsen P, Olmeda B, Saelens X, Pérez-Gil J, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Surfactant protein B (SP-B) enhances the cellular siRNA delivery of proteolipid coated nanogels for inhalation therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:236-246. [PMID: 30118853 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the many advantages of small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhalation therapy and a growing prevalence of respiratory pathologies, its clinical translation is severely hampered by inefficient intracellular delivery. To this end, we previously developed hybrid nanoparticles consisting of an siRNA-loaded nanosized hydrogel core (nanogel) coated with Curosurf®, a clinically used pulmonary surfactant (PS). Interestingly, the PS shell was shown to markedly improve particle stability as well as intracellular siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. The major aim of this work was to identify the key molecular components of PS responsible for the enhanced siRNA delivery and evaluate how the complexity of the PS coat could be reduced. We identified surfactant protein B (SP-B) as a potent siRNA delivery enhancer when reconstituted in proteolipid coated hydrogel nanocomposites. Improved cytosolic siRNA delivery was achieved by inserting SP-B into a simplified phospholipid mixture prior to nanogel coating. This effect was observed both in vitro (lung epithelial cell line) and in vivo (murine acute lung injury model), albeit that distinct phospholipids were required to achieve these results. Importantly, the developed nanocomposites have a low in vivo toxicity and are efficiently taken up by resident alveolar macrophages, a main target cell type for treatment of inflammatory pulmonary pathologies. Our results demonstrate the potential of the endogenous protein SP-B as an intracellular siRNA delivery enhancer, paving the way for future design of nanoformulations for siRNA inhalation therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite the therapeutic potential of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and a growing prevalence of lung diseases for which innovative therapies are needed, a safe and effective siRNA inhalation therapy remains non-existing due to a lack of suitable formulations. We identified surfactant protein B (SP-B) as a potent enhancer of siRNA delivery by proteolipid coated nanogel formulations in vitro in a lung epithelial cell line. The developed nanocomposites have a low in vivo toxicity and show a high uptake by alveolar macrophages, a main target cell type for treatment of inflammatory pulmonary pathologies. Importantly, in vivo SP-B is also critical for the developed formulation to obtain a significant silencing of TNFα in a murine LPS-induced acute lung injury model.
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18
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Startek JB, Talavera K, Voets T, Alpizar YA. Differential interactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides with lipid membranes: implications for TRPA1-mediated chemosensation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12010. [PMID: 30104600 PMCID: PMC6089920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activate the TRPA1 cation channels in sensory neurons, leading to acute pain and inflammation in mice and to aversive behaviors in fruit flies. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain elusive. Here we assessed the hypothesis that TRPA1 is activated by mechanical perturbations induced upon LPS insertion in the plasma membrane. We asked whether the effects of different LPS on TRPA1 relate to their ability to induce mechanical alterations in artificial and cellular membranes. We found that LPS from E. coli, but not from S. minnesota, activates TRPA1. We then assessed the effects of these LPS on lipid membranes using dyes whose fluorescence properties change upon alteration of the local lipid environment. E. coli LPS was more effective than S. minnesota LPS in shifting Laurdan’s emission spectrum towards lower wavelengths, increasing the fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene and reducing the fluorescence intensity of merocyanine 540. These data indicate that E. coli LPS induces stronger changes in the local lipid environment than S. minnesota LPS, paralleling its distinct ability to activate TRPA1. Our findings indicate that LPS activate TRPA1 by producing mechanical perturbations in the plasma membrane and suggest that TRPA1-mediated chemosensation may result from primary mechanosensory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna B Startek
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Cicko S, Köhler TC, Ayata CK, Müller T, Ehrat N, Meyer A, Hossfeld M, Zech A, Di Virgilio F, Idzko M. Extracellular ATP is a danger signal activating P2X7 receptor in a LPS mediated inflammation (ARDS/ALI). Oncotarget 2018; 9:30635-30648. [PMID: 30093975 PMCID: PMC6078145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threating lung condition resulting from a direct and indirect injury to the lungs [1, 2]. Pathophysiologically it is characterized by an acute alveolar damage, an increased permeability of the microvascular-barrier, leading to protein-rich pulmonary edema and subsequent impairment of arterial oxygenation and respiratory failure [1]. This study examined the role of extracellular ATP in recruiting inflammatory cells to the lung after induction of acute lung injury with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the precise mechanism is poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the functional role of the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS/ acute lung injury (ALI)) in vitro and in vivo. We show that intratracheally applied LPS causes an acute accumulation of ATP in the BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage) and lungs of mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic inhibition of P2X7R signalling by a specific antagonist and knock-out experiments was able to ameliorate the inflammatory response demonstrated by reduced ATP-levels, number of neutrophils and concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the BALF. Experiments with chimeric mice showed that P2X7R expression on immune cells was responsible for the observed effect. Consistently, the inflammatory response is diminished only by a cell-type specific knockdown of P2X7 receptor on non-stationary immune cells. Since the results of BALF from patients with acute ARDS or pneumonia simulated the in vivo data after LPS exposure, the P2X7 receptor may be a new therapeutic target for treatment in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS/ALI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Cicko
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Cemil Korcan Ayata
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Pneumology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ehrat
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Meyer
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madelon Hossfeld
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zech
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Idzko
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Agoro R, Taleb M, Quesniaux VFJ, Mura C. Cell iron status influences macrophage polarization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196921. [PMID: 29771935 PMCID: PMC5957380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play crucial roles in innate immune response and in the priming of adaptive immunity, and are characterized by their phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity. Reprogramming intracellular metabolism in response to microenvironmental signals is required for M1/M2 macrophage polarization and function. Here we assessed the influence of iron on the polarization of the immune response in vivo and in vitro. Iron-enriched diet increased M2 marker Arg1 and Ym1 expression in liver and peritoneal macrophages, while iron deficiency decreased Arg1 expression. Under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions, low iron diet exacerbated the proinflammatory response, while the IL-12/IL-10 balance decreased with iron-rich diet, thus polarizing toward type 2 response. Indeed, in vitro macrophage iron loading reduced the basal percentage of cells expressing M1 co-stimulatory CD86 and MHC-II molecules. Further, iron loading of macrophages prevented the pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS through reduction of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation with decreased iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNFα expression. The increase of intracellular iron also reduced LPS-induced hepcidin gene expression and abolished ferroportin down-regulation in macrophages, in line with macrophage polarization. Thus, iron modulates the inflammatory response outcome, as elevated iron levels increased M2 phenotype and negatively regulated M1 proinflammatory LPS-induced response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiou Agoro
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS, Orléans, France
- University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Meriem Taleb
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS, Orléans, France
- University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Valerie F. J. Quesniaux
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS, Orléans, France
- University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Catherine Mura
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS, Orléans, France
- University of Orléans, Orléans, France
- * E-mail:
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21
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Neutrophil extracellular traps promote lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13276-13286. [PMID: 29568356 PMCID: PMC5862577 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in chronic airway inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular meshworks composed of DNA fibers and antimicrobial proteins. Although NET formation has been detected in COPD and CF patients, how NETs contribute to these diseases is poorly understood. This study was performed to clarify the effects and mechanisms of action of NETs in airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. We created a murine model of LPS-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, and found that LPS-induced NET formation was degraded by aerosolized DNase I treatment in mice. Degradation of NETs by aerosolized DNase I reduced LPS-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in mice, this reduction correlated with suppression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. More importantly, NETs promoted LPS-induced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. These results suggest NET degradation using aerosolized DNase I is a potential new therapeutic strategy for treating COPD and CF.
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22
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In silico-based screen synergistic drug combinations from herb medicines: a case using Cistanche tubulosa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16364. [PMID: 29180652 PMCID: PMC5703970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by the elaborated inflammatory response repertoire of central nervous system tissue. The limitations of the current treatments for neuroinflammation are well-known side effects in the clinical trials of monotherapy. Drug combination therapies are promising strategies to overcome the compensatory mechanisms and off-target effects. However, discovery of synergistic drug combinations from herb medicines is rare. Encouraged by the successfully applied cases we move on to investigate the effective drug combinations based on system pharmacology among compounds from Cistanche tubulosa (SCHENK) R. WIGHT. Firstly, 63 potential bioactive compounds, the related 133 direct and indirect targets are screened out by Drug-likeness evaluation combined with drug targeting process. Secondly, Compound-Target network is built to acquire the data set for predicting drug combinations. We list the top 10 drug combinations which are employed by the algorithm Probability Ensemble Approach (PEA), and Compound-Target-Pathway network is then constructed by the 12 compounds of the combinations, targets, and pathways to unearth the corresponding pharmacological actions. Finally, an integrating pathway approach is developed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of the herb in different pathological features-relevant biological processes. Overall, the method may provide a productive avenue for developing drug combination therapeutics.
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23
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Alpizar YA, Boonen B, Sanchez A, Jung C, López-Requena A, Naert R, Steelant B, Luyts K, Plata C, De Vooght V, Vanoirbeek JAJ, Meseguer VM, Voets T, Alvarez JL, Hellings PW, Hoet PHM, Nemery B, Valverde MA, Talavera K. TRPV4 activation triggers protective responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharides in airway epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1059. [PMID: 29057902 PMCID: PMC5651912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the major components of the wall of gram-negative bacteria, trigger powerful defensive responses in the airways via mechanisms thought to rely solely on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) immune pathway. Here we show that airway epithelial cells display an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration within seconds of LPS application. This response occurs in a TLR4-independent manner, via activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 cation channel (TRPV4). We found that TRPV4 mediates immediate LPS-induced increases in ciliary beat frequency and the production of bactericidal nitric oxide. Upon LPS challenge TRPV4-deficient mice display exacerbated ventilatory changes and recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the airways. We conclude that LPS-induced activation of TRPV4 triggers signaling mechanisms that operate faster and independently from the canonical TLR4 immune pathway, leading to immediate protective responses such as direct antimicrobial action, increase in airway clearance, and the regulation of the inflammatory innate immune reaction. LPS is a major component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, and triggers immune responses in airway epithelium by activating TLR4. Here the authors show that LPS also activates TRPV4, thereby inducing fast defense responses such as nitric oxide production and increased ciliary beating in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brett Boonen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carole Jung
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Requena
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe Naert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Steelant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Katrien Luyts
- Department of Public Health and Care, Laboratory of Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Cristina Plata
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Vanessa De Vooght
- Department of Public Health and Care, Laboratory of Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A J Vanoirbeek
- Department of Public Health and Care, Laboratory of Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Victor M Meseguer
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, E-03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Thomas Voets
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julio L Alvarez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter W Hellings
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Department of Public Health and Care, Laboratory of Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Care, Laboratory of Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Karel Talavera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium. .,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Fujii U, Miyahara N, Taniguchi A, Oda N, Morichika D, Murakami E, Nakayama H, Waseda K, Kataoka M, Kakuta H, Tanimoto M, Kanehiro A. Effect of a retinoid X receptor partial agonist on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma. Respir Res 2017; 18:23. [PMID: 28114934 PMCID: PMC5260083 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that mediate signaling by 9-cis retinoic acid, a vitamin A (retinol) derivative. RXRs play key roles not only as homodimers but also as heterodimeric partners—e.g., retinoic acid receptors (RARs), vitamin D receptors (VDRs), liver X receptors (LXRs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The NR family was recently associated with allergic diseases, but the role of RXRs in allergen-induced airway responses is not well defined. The goal of this study is to elucidate the role of RXRs in asthma pathogenesis and the potency of RXR partial agonist in the treatment of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness using a murine model of asthma. Methods We investigated the effect of a novel RXR partial agonist (NEt-4IB) on the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. Balb/c mice were sensitized (days 0 and 14) and challenged (days 28–30) with ovalbumin (OVA), and airway inflammation and airway responses were monitored 48 h after the last OVA challenge. NEt-4IB was administered orally on days 25 to 32. Results Oral administration of NEt-4IB significantly suppressed AHR and inflammatory cell accumulation in the airways and attenuated the levels of TNF-α in the lung and IL-5, IL-13 and NO levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the number of periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-positive goblet cells in lung tissue. Treatment with NEt-4IB also significantly suppressed NF-κB expression. Conclusion These data suggest that RXRs may be of crucial importance in the mechanism of allergic asthma and that the novel RXR partial agonist NEt-4IB may be a promising candidate for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a model of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naohiro Oda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morichika
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Etsuko Murakami
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hikari Nakayama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Waseda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mikio Kataoka
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mitsune Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Arihiko Kanehiro
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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25
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Kumar S, Sun X, Noonepalle SK, Lu Q, Zemskov E, Wang T, Aggarwal S, Gross C, Sharma S, Desai AA, Hou Y, Dasarathy S, Qu N, Reddy V, Lee SG, Cherian-Shaw M, Yuan JXJ, Catravas JD, Rafikov R, Garcia JGN, Black SM. Hyper-activation of pp60 Src limits nitric oxide signaling by increasing asymmetric dimethylarginine levels during acute lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:217-228. [PMID: 27838434 PMCID: PMC5449193 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which the endothelial barrier becomes compromised during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated acute lung injury (ALI) are still unresolved. We have previously reported that the disruption of the endothelial barrier is due, at least in part, to the uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of RhoA. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LPS induces eNOS uncoupling during ALI. Exposure of pulmonary endothelial cells (PAEC) to LPS increased pp60Src activity and this correlated with an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production, but also an increase in NOS derived superoxide, peroxynitrite formation and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels. These effects could be simulated by the over-expression of a constitutively active pp60Src (Y527FSrc) mutant and attenuated by over-expression of dominant negative pp60Src mutant or reducing pp60Src expression. LPS induces both RhoA nitration and endothelial barrier disruption and these events were attenuated when pp60Src expression was reduced. Endothelial NOS uncoupling correlated with an increase in the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in both LPS exposed and Y527FSrc over-expressing PAEC. The effects in PAEC were also recapitulated when we transiently over-expressed Y527FSrc in the mouse lung. Finally, we found that the pp60-Src-mediated decrease in DDAH activity was mediated by the phosphorylation of DDAH II at Y207 and that a Y207F mutant DDAH II was resistant to pp60Src-mediated inhibition. We conclude that pp60Src can directly inhibit DDAH II and this is involved in the increased ADMA levels that enhance eNOS uncoupling during the development of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Evgeny Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christine Gross
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yali Hou
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sridevi Dasarathy
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Vijay Reddy
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sung Gon Lee
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John D Catravas
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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26
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Agoro R, Mura C. Inflammation-induced up-regulation of hepcidin and down-regulation of ferroportin transcription are dependent on macrophage polarization. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 61:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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27
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Lung Neutrophilia in Myeloperoxidase Deficient Mice during the Course of Acute Pulmonary Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5219056. [PMID: 26998194 PMCID: PMC4779540 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5219056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation accompanying diseases such as sepsis affects primarily lungs and induces their failure. This remains the most common cause of sepsis induced mortality. While neutrophils play a key role in pulmonary failure, the mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. We report that myeloperoxidase (MPO), abundant enzyme in neutrophil granules, modulates the course of acute pulmonary inflammatory responses induced by intranasal application of lipopolysaccharide. MPO deficient mice had significantly increased numbers of airway infiltrated neutrophils compared to wild-type mice during the whole course of lung inflammation. This was accompanied by higher levels of RANTES in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the MPO deficient mice. Other markers of lung injury and inflammation, which contribute to recruitment of neutrophils into the inflamed lungs, including total protein and other selected proinflammatory cytokines did not significantly differ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the wild-type and the MPO deficient mice. Interestingly, MPO deficient neutrophils revealed a decreased rate of cell death characterized by phosphatidylserine surface expression. Collectively, the importance of MPO in regulation of pulmonary inflammation, independent of its putative microbicidal functions, can be potentially linked to MPO ability to modulate the life span of neutrophils and to affect accumulation of chemotactic factors at the inflammatory site.
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28
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Carrera P, Di Resta C, Volonteri C, Castiglioni E, Bonfiglio S, Lazarevic D, Cittaro D, Stupka E, Ferrari M, Somaschini M. Exome sequencing and pathway analysis for identification of genetic variability relevant for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm newborns: A pilot study. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:39-45. [PMID: 25578394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Di Resta
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Castiglioni
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonfiglio
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Cittaro
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Elia Stupka
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Somaschini
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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29
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Choudhury S, Kandasamy K, Maruti BS, Addison MP, Kasa JK, Darzi SA, Singh TU, Parida S, Dash JR, Singh V, Mishra SK. Atorvastatin along with imipenem attenuates acute lung injury in sepsis through decrease in inflammatory mediators and bacterial load. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:447-56. [PMID: 26375251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung is one of the vital organs which is affected during the sequential development of multi-organ dysfunction in sepsis. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined treatment with atorvastatin and imipenem could attenuate sepsis-induced lung injury in mice. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture. Lung injury was assessed by the presence of lung edema, increased vascular permeability, increased inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine levels in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Treatment with atorvastatin along with imipenem reduced the lung bacterial load and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) level in BALF. The markers of pulmonary edema such as microvascular leakage and wet-dry weight ratio were also attenuated. This was further confirmed by the reduced activity of MPO and ICAM-1 mRNA expression, indicating the lesser infiltration and adhesion of inflammatory cells to the lungs. Again, expression of mRNA and protein level of iNOS in lungs was also reduced in the combined treatment group. Based on the above findings it can be concluded that, combined treatment with atorvastatin and imipenem dampened the inflammatory response and reduced the bacterial load, thus seems to have promising therapeutic potential in sepsis-induced lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Choudhury
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kannan Kandasamy
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhojane Somnath Maruti
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Pule Addison
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Kiran Kasa
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sazad A Darzi
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Thakur Uttam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jeevan Ranjan Dash
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishakha Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chávez-Galán L, Olleros ML, Vesin D, Garcia I. Much More than M1 and M2 Macrophages, There are also CD169(+) and TCR(+) Macrophages. Front Immunol 2015; 6:263. [PMID: 26074923 PMCID: PMC4443739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are considered to be precursor cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, and macrophages are one of the leading members of this cellular system. Macrophages play highly diverse roles in maintaining an organism's integrity by either directly participating in pathogen elimination or repairing tissue under sterile inflammatory conditions. There are different subpopulations of macrophages and each one has its own characteristics and functions. In this review, we summarize present knowledge on the polarization of macrophages that allows the generation of subpopulations called classically activated macrophages or M1 and alternative activated macrophages or M2. Furthermore, there are macrophages that their origin and characterization still remain unclear but have been involved as main players in some human pathologies. Thus, we also review three other categories of macrophages: tumor-associated macrophages, CD169(+) macrophages, and the recently named TCR(+) macrophages. Based on the literature, we provide information on the molecular characterization of these macrophage subpopulations and their specific involvement in several human pathologies such as cancer, infectious diseases, obesity, and asthma. The refined characterization of the macrophage subpopulations can be useful in designing new strategies, supplementing those already established for the treatment of diseases using macrophages as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chávez-Galán
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria L. Olleros
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vesin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Lendeckel U, Wolke C, Bernstein HG, Keilhoff G. Effects of nitric oxide synthase deficiency on a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 expression in mouse brain samples. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2253-62. [PMID: 25892053 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 (ADAM12) belongs to the ADAM family of transmembrane proteins. Via proteolysis, cell adhesion, cell-cell fusion, cell-matrix interaction and membrane protein shedding, ADAM proteins are involved in normal brain development, and also in cancer genesis and progression, and in inflammation. Therefore, neurobiological research focusing on this protein is increasing. Nitric oxide (NO), which is endogenously produced by NO synthases (NOS), is associated with glial tumors. However, knock-out of NOS produces only limited antitumor effects. The present study analyzed the expression of ADAM12 in the cortex and hippocampus of C57/BL6 wild-type mice, and endothelial NOS-, neuronal NOS-(nNOS) or inducible NOS (iNOS)-deficient (-/-) mice, at different stages of development. Expression of ADAM12 was quantified using immunoblot analysis of cortical and hippocampal tissue samples from fetal, neonatal (5 days postnatal), adult (12 weeks old) or >1 year old mice. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ADAM12 expression was analyzed in cultured N9, OLN93, C6 and PC12 cells, representing the four main cell types in the brain, following NOS inhibition. ADAM12 expression was low in all mouse genotypes and regions of the brain, and in fetal and neonatal mice, an increase in expression was observed with increasing age. The highest levels of expression were observed in the cortex of adult mice, iNOS(-/-) mice of >1 year and wild-type mice, and in the hippocampus of adult and iNOS(-/-) mice of >1 year. By contrast, ADAM12 expression was lowest in adult nNOS(-/-) mice. Inhibition of NOS using N(ω)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, induced ADAM12 mRNA expression in N9 and PC12 cell lines. Inhibition of NOS using L-N(6)-(1-Iminoethyl)lysine dihydrochloride, induced ADAM12 mRNA expression in N9 and C6 cell lines. No change in ADAM12 expression was observed in OLN93 cells following NOS inhibition. ADAM12 expression in mouse hippocampus and cortex samples demonstrated considerable variation during development, with a marked increase observed in adult and >1 year old mice, compared with that in fetal and neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst‑Moritz‑Arndt University, Greifswald D‑17475, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst‑Moritz‑Arndt University, Greifswald D‑17475, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Otto‑von‑Guericke University, Magdeburg D‑39120, Germany
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto‑von‑Guericke University, Magdeburg D‑39120, Germany
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lan N, Luo G, Yang X, Cheng Y, zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Xie T, Li G, Liu Z, Zhong N. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-deficiency enhances oxidative stress and corticosteroid resistance in severe asthma exacerbation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111599. [PMID: 25380286 PMCID: PMC4224414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in exacerbation of asthma. The role of vitamin D in oxidative stress and asthma exacerbation remains unclear. We aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin D status and oxidative stress in asthma exacerbation. Severe asthma exacerbation patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-deficiency (V-D deficiency) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D-sufficiency (V-D sufficiency) were enrolled. Severe asthma exacerbation with V-D-deficiency showed lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) compared to that with V-D-sufficiency. V-D-deficiency intensified ROS release and DNA damage and increased TNF-α, OGG1 and NFκB expression and NFκB phosphorylation in severe asthma exacerbation. Supplemental vitamin D3 significantly increased the rates of FEV1 change and decreased ROS and DNA damage in V-D-deficiency. Vitamin D3 inhibited LPS-induced ROS and DNA damage and were associated with a decline in TNF-α and NFκB in epithelial cells. H2O2 reduces nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors in airway epithelial cell lines. V-D pretreatment enhanced the dexamethasone-induced nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors in airway epithelial cell lines and monocytes from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-deficiency asthma patients. These findings indicate that V-D deficiency aggravates oxidative stress and DNA damage, suggesting a possible mechanism for corticosteroid resistance in severe asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan lan
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangyan Luo
- Hygiene Section, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Yang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun zhang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shengzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
- * E-mail: (G. Li); (ZL); (NZ)
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shengzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
- * E-mail: (G. Li); (ZL); (NZ)
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
- * E-mail: (G. Li); (ZL); (NZ)
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Raju GS, Moghal MMR, Hossain MS, Hassan MM, Billah MM, Ahamed SK, Rana SMM. Assessment of pharmacological activities of two medicinal plant of Bangladesh: Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb in the management of pain, pyrexia and inflammation. Biol Res 2014; 47:55. [PMID: 25418519 PMCID: PMC4416252 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study aims at evaluating the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic extract of the stem, bark and leaves of Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb. Results The AELS and AEAR extract presented a significant (***p < 0.001) dose dependent increase in reaction time in writhing method and showed inhibition of 63.1% and 57.1% respectively at the doses of 400 mg/kg body weight while standard drug showed (P < 0.001) inhibition of 69.23%. In tail immersion method, AELS and AEAR showed maximum time of tail retention at 30 min in hot water i.e. 6.93 sec and 6.54 sec respectively at highest doses of 400 mg/kg body weight than lower dose while standard pentazocine showed reaction time of 7.62 sec. The AELS and AEAR extract also exhibited promising anti-inflammatory effect as demonstrated by statistically significant inhibition of paw volume by 32.48% and 26.75% respectively at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight while the value at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight were linear to higher dose at the 3rd hour of study. On the other hand, Standard indomethacin inhibited 40.13% of inflammation (***P < 0.001). In Cotton-pellet granuloma method, AELS and AEAR extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight exhibited inhibition of inflammation of 34.7% and 29.1% respectively while standard drug showed (P < 0.001) inhibition of 63.22%. Intraperitoneal administration of AELS and AEAR showed dose dependent decrease in body temperature in brewer’s yeast induced hyperthermia in rats at both doses. However, AELS significantly decreased body temperature (***p < 0.001) at 400 mg/kg compared to control. Conclusions Present work propose that the methanolic extract of Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb possesses dose dependent pharmacological action which supports its therapeutic use in folk medicine possibly mediated through the inhibition or blocking of release of prostaglandin and/or actions of vasoactive substances such as histamine, serotonin and kinins.
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Rentsendorj O, D'Alessio FR, Pearse DB. Phosphodiesterase 2A is a major negative regulator of iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse alveolar macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:907-15. [PMID: 25063878 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0314-152r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PDE2A is a dual-function PDE that is stimulated by cGMP to hydrolyze cAMP preferentially. In a two-hit model of ALI, we found previously that PDE2A decreased lung cAMP, up-regulated lung iNOS, and exacerbated ALI. Recent data suggest that macrophage iNOS expression contributes to ALI but later, promotes lung-injury resolution. However, macrophage iNOS is increased by cAMP, suggesting that PDE2A could negatively regulate macrophage iNOS expression. To test this, we examined the effects of manipulating PDE2A expression and function on LPS-induced iNOS expression in a mouse AM cell line (MH-S) and primary mouse AMs. In MH-S cells, LPS (100 ng/ml) increased PDE2A expression by 15% at 15 min and 50% at 6 h before decreasing at 24 h and 48 h. iNOS expression appeared at 6 h and remained increased 48 h post-LPS. Compared with control Ad, Ad.PDE2A-shRNA enhanced LPS-induced iNOS expression further by fourfold, an effect mimicked by the PDE2A inhibitor BAY 60-7550. Adenoviral PDE2A overexpression or treatment with ANP decreased LPS-induced iNOS expression. ANP-induced inhibition of iNOS was lost by knocking down PDE2A and was not mimicked by 8-pCPT-cGMP, a cGMP analog that does not stimulate PDE2A activity. Finally, we found that in primary AMs from LPS-treated mice, PDE2A knockdown also increased iNOS expression, consistent with the MH-S cell data. We conclude that increased AM PDE2A is an important negative regulator of macrophage iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otgonchimeg Rentsendorj
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Franco R D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David B Pearse
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hong JY, Chung Y, Steenrod J, Chen Q, Lei J, Comstock AT, Goldsmith AM, Bentley JK, Sajjan US, Hershenson MB. Macrophage activation state determines the response to rhinovirus infection in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Respir Res 2014; 15:63. [PMID: 24907978 PMCID: PMC4066837 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms by which viruses cause asthma exacerbations are not precisely known. Previously, we showed that, in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice with allergic airway inflammation, rhinovirus (RV) infection increases type 2 cytokine production from alternatively-activated (M2) airway macrophages, enhancing eosinophilic inflammation and airways hyperresponsiveness. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that IL-4 signaling determines the state of macrophage activation and pattern of RV-induced exacerbation in mice with allergic airways disease. Methods Eight week-old wild type or IL-4 receptor knockout (IL-4R KO) mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA and inoculated with RV1B or sham HeLa cell lysate. Results In contrast to OVA-treated wild-type mice with both neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation, OVA-treated IL-4R KO mice showed increased neutrophilic inflammation with few eosinophils in the airways. Like wild-type mice, IL-4R KO mice showed OVA-induced airway hyperreactivity which was further exacerbated by RV. There was a shift in lung cytokines from a type 2-predominant response to a type 1 response, including production of IL-12p40 and TNF-α. IL-17A was also increased. RV infection of OVA-treated IL-4R KO mice further increased neutrophilic inflammation. Bronchoalveolar macrophages showed an M1 polarization pattern and ex vivo RV infection increased macrophage production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12p40. Finally, lung cells from OVA-treated IL-4R KO mice showed reduced CD206+ CD301+ M2 macrophages, decreased IL-13 and increased TNF-α and IL-17A production by F4/80+, CD11b+ macrophages. Conclusions OVA-treated IL-4R KO mice show neutrophilic airway inflammation constituting a model of allergic, type 1 cytokine-driven neutrophilic asthma. In the absence of IL-4/IL-13 signaling, RV infection of OVA-treated mice increased type 1 cytokine and IL-17A production from conventionally-activated macrophages, augmenting neutrophilic rather than eosinophilic inflammation. In mice with allergic airways inflammation, IL-4R signaling determines macrophage activation state and the response to subsequent RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc B Hershenson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zhang HX, Duan GL, Wang CN, Zhang YQ, Zhu XY, Liu YJ. Protective effect of resveratrol against endotoxemia-induced lung injury involves the reduction of oxidative/nitrative stress. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 27:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quantitative biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of multimodal gadolinium-based nanoparticles for lungs using ultrashort TE MRI. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 27:303-16. [PMID: 24170416 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the biodistribution and lung pharmacokinetics of tracheally administered gadolinium-based contrast agents [gadoteric acid and multimodal ultra-small rigid platforms (USRPs)], to validate their pharmacokinetics against optical imaging of fluorescent USRPs, and to test their short-term toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrashort echo-time (UTE) lung proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 4.7-Tesla (T) after the intratracheal instillation of different concentrations of contrast agent solutions in mice. Pharmacokinetic models were implemented on the absolute concentration calculated from the MRI signal enhancement measurements. Fluorescent USRPs were used to obtain optical images with the same protocol. Bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cell count and serum creatinine measurement were performed on four groups of instilled mice (sham, saline, USRPs, lipopolysaccharide). RESULTS MR and optical imaging showed similar kinetics of the USRPs, passing from the airways to the lung tissue and to the kidneys, with negligible hepatic clearance. No significant increase of lung and renal inflammation markers were observed in USRP-instilled animals. CONCLUSION A T 1-weighted radial UTE sequence was found to be valuable in quantitatively monitoring the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the lungs of mice. The observed favorable pharmacokinetics, which was validated by fluorescence imaging, ensures the negligible toxicity of the nanoprobes, making the USRPs and the developed protocol good candidates for applications on selected lung diseases.
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Woelk CH, Zhang JX, Walls L, Viriyakosol S, Singhania A, Kirkland TN, Fierer J. Factors regulated by interferon gamma and hypoxia-inducible factor 1A contribute to responses that protect mice from Coccidioides immitis infection. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:218. [PMID: 23006927 PMCID: PMC3528620 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidioidomycosis results from airborne infections caused by either Coccidioides immitis or
C. posadasii. Both are pathogenic fungi that live in desert soil in the New World and can infect normal hosts, but most infections are self-limited. Disseminated infections occur in approximately 5% of cases and may prove fatal. Mouse models of the disease have identified strains that are resistant (e.g. DBA/2) or susceptible (e.g. C57BL/6) to these pathogens. However, the genetic and immunological basis for this difference has not been fully characterized. Results Microarray technology was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in lung tissue between resistant DBA/2 and sensitive C57BL/6 mice after infection with C. immitis. Differentially expressed genes were mapped onto biological pathways, gene ontologies, and protein interaction networks, which revealed that innate immune responses mediated by Type II interferon (i.e., IFNG) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) contribute to the resistant phenotype. In addition, upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), possibly as part of a larger inflammatory response mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), may also contribute to resistance. Microarray gene expression was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR for a subset of
12 genes, which revealed that IFNG HIF1A and TNFA, among others, were significantly differentially expressed between the two strains at day 14 post-infection. Conclusion These results confirm the finding that DBA/2 mice express more Type II interferon and interferon stimulated genes than genetically susceptible strains and suggest that differential expression of HIF1A may also play a role in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Woelk
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Mail Code 9111-F, San Diego, California 92161, USA
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Yoshida S, Minematsu N, Chubachi S, Nakamura H, Miyazaki M, Tsuduki K, Takahashi S, Miyasho T, Iwabuchi T, Takamiya R, Tateno H, Mouded M, Shapiro SD, Asano K, Betsuyaku T. Annexin V decreases PS-mediated macrophage efferocytosis and deteriorates elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L852-60. [PMID: 22962014 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00066.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is believed to be a key regulator for lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study we pharmacologically inhibited efferocytosis with annexin V and attempted to determine its impact on the progression of pulmonary emphysema in mouse. We first demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efferocytosis experiments using annexin V, an inhibitor for phosphatidylserine-mediated efferocytosis. We then inhibited efferocytosis in porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-treated mice. PPE-treated mice were instilled annexin V intranasally starting from day 8 until day 20. Mean linear intercept (Lm) was measured, and cell apoptosis was assessed in lung specimen obtained on day 21. Cell profile, apoptosis, and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and growth factors were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells on day 15. Annexin V attenuated macrophage efferocytosis both in vitro and in vivo. PPE-treated mice had a significant higher Lm, and annexin V further increased that by 32%. More number of macrophages was found in BAL fluid in this group. Interestingly, cell apoptosis was not increased by annexin V treatment both in lung specimens and BAL fluid, but macrophages from mice treated with both PPE and annexin V expressed higher MMP-2 mRNA levels and had a trend for higher MMP-12 mRNA expression. mRNA expression of keratinocyte growth factor tended to be downregulated. We showed that inhibited efferocytosis with annexin V worsened elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice, which was, at least partly, attributed to a lack of phenotypic change in macrophages toward anti-inflammatory one.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshida
- Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Xu ZP, Yang K, Xu GN, Zhu L, Hou LN, Zhang WH, Chen HZ, Cui YY. Role of M3 mAChR in in vivo and in vitro models of LPS-induced inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:320-7. [PMID: 22910223 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the potential role of the mAChR in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in in vivo and in vitro models and a possible signaling pathway involved in the inflammatory process. METHODS Anesthetized mice were challenged with intratracheal LPS to induce acute lung injury. The cytology and histopathology changes, expression of cytokines and pulmonary vascular permeability were used to evaluate the effects of the cholinergic agent. Alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383 was also used to confirm the role of mAChRs and the molecular mechanisms underlying the LPS-induced events. RESULTS LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was significantly improved by atropine (a non-selective mAChR antagonist) and 4-DAMP (a M3 mAChR antagonist), as indicated by the diminution of neutrophil infiltration, pulmonary vascular permeability and IL-6 and TNF-α production. LPS-induced TNF-α production from the alveolar macrophage was significantly inhibited by atropine and 4-DAMP, but not pirenzepine (a M1 mAChR antagonist) and methoctramine (a M2 mAChR antagonist). Interestingly, LPS-induced TNF-α production was enhanced by the muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine, and treatment with pilocarpine alone was able to trigger TNF-α production from the alveolar macrophage, which was effectively attenuated by 4-DAMP. Western blot analysis showed that LPS-induced degradation of IκBα was strongly blocked by atropine/4-DAMP both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that M3 mAChR was involved in LPS-induced lung inflammation by mediating the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings bring the evidence that the blockage of mAChR exerts anti-inflammatory properties, in which the M3 mAChR plays an important role in the LPS-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Peng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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D'Alessio FR, Tsushima K, Aggarwal NR, Mock JR, Eto Y, Garibaldi BT, Files DC, Avalos CR, Rodriguez JV, Waickman AT, Reddy SP, Pearse DB, Sidhaye VK, Hassoun PM, Crow MT, King LS. Resolution of experimental lung injury by monocyte-derived inducible nitric oxide synthase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2234-45. [PMID: 22844117 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although early events in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) have been defined, little is known about the mechanisms mediating resolution. To search for determinants of resolution, we exposed wild type (WT) mice to intratracheal LPS and assessed the response at intervals to day 10, when injury had resolved. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was significantly upregulated in the lung at day 4 after LPS. When iNOS-/- mice were exposed to intratracheal LPS, early lung injury was attenuated; however, recovery was markedly impaired compared with WT mice. iNOS-/- mice had increased mortality and sustained increases in markers of lung injury. Adoptive transfer of WT (iNOS+/+) bone marrow-derived monocytes or direct adenoviral gene delivery of iNOS into injured iNOS-/- mice restored resolution of ALI. Irradiated bone marrow chimeras confirmed the protective effects of myeloid-derived iNOS but not of epithelial iNOS. Alveolar macrophages exhibited sustained expression of cosignaling molecule CD86 in iNOS-/- mice compared with WT mice. Ab-mediated blockade of CD86 in iNOS-/- mice improved survival and enhanced resolution of lung inflammation. Our findings show that monocyte-derived iNOS plays a pivotal role in mediating resolution of ALI by modulating lung immune responses, thus facilitating clearance of alveolar inflammation and promoting lung repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco R D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Inducible NOS-induced chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) nuclear translocation regulates macrophage deactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:6130-5. [PMID: 22474389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201351109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of cytosolic CLIC4 is an essential feature of its proapoptotic and prodifferentiation functions. Here we demonstrate that CLIC4 is induced concurrently with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and S-nitrosylated in proinflammatory peritoneal macrophages. Chemical inhibition or genetic ablation of iNOS inhibits S-nitrosylation and nuclear translocation of CLIC4. In macrophages, iNOS-induced nuclear CLIC4 coincides with the pro- to anti-inflammatory transition of the cells because IL-1β and CXCL1 mRNA remain elevated in CLIC4 and iNOS knockout macrophages at late time points, whereas TNFα mRNA is elevated only in the iNOS knockout macrophages. Active IL-1β remains elevated in CLIC4 knockout macrophages and in macrophages in which CLIC4 nuclear translocation is prevented by the NOS inhibitor l-NAME. Moreover, overexpression of nuclear-targeted CLIC4 down-regulates IL-1β in stimulated macrophages. In mice, genetically null for CLIC4, the number of phagocytosing macrophages stimulated by LPS is reduced. Thus, iNOS-induced nuclear CLIC4 is an essential part of the macrophage deactivation program.
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Enhancement of methacholine-evoked tracheal contraction induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides depends on epithelium and tumor necrosis factor. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:494085. [PMID: 22481960 PMCID: PMC3312294 DOI: 10.1155/2012/494085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induce an acute tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α-) dependent inflammatory response in the murine airways mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) via the myeloid differentiation MyD88 adaptor protein pathway. However, the contractile response of the bronchial smooth muscle and the role of endogenous TNFα in this process have been elusive. We determined the in vivo respiratory pattern of C57BL/6 mice after intranasal LPS administration with or without the presence of increasing doses of methacholine (MCh). We found that LPS administration altered the basal and MCh-evoked respiratory pattern that peaked at 90 min and decreased thereafter in the next 48 h, reaching basal levels 7 days later. We investigated in controlled ex vivo condition the isometric contraction of isolated tracheal rings in response to MCh cholinergic stimulation. We observed that preincubation of the tracheal rings with LPS for 90 min enhanced the subsequent MCh-induced contractile response (hyperreactivity), which was prevented by prior neutralization of TNFα with a specific antibody. Furthermore, hyperreactivity induced by LPS depended on an intact epithelium, whereas hyperreactivity induced by TNFα was well maintained in the absence of epithelium. Finally, the enhanced contractile response to MCh induced by LPS when compared with control mice was not observed in tracheal rings from TLR4- or TNF- or TNF-receptor-deficient mice. We conclude that bacterial endotoxin-mediated hyperreactivity of isolated tracheal rings to MCh depends upon TLR4 integrity that signals the activation of epithelium, which release endogenous TNFα.
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Helyes Z, Hajna Z. Endotoxin-Induced Airway Inflammation and Asthma Models. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-077-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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45
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Elekes K, Sandor K, Moricz A, Kereskai L, Kemeny A, Szoke E, Perkecz A, Reglodi D, Hashimoto H, Pinter E, Szolcsanyi J, Helyes Z. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide plays an anti-inflammatory role in endotoxin-induced airway inflammation: in vivo study with gene-deleted mice. Peptides 2011; 32:1439-46. [PMID: 21605612 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors in capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves, inflammatory and immune cells suggest its involvement in inflammation. However, data on its role in different inflammatory processes are contradictory and there is little known about its functions in the airways. Therefore, our aim was to examine intranasal endotoxin-induced subacute airway inflammation in PACAP gene-deficient (PACAP⁻/⁻) and wild-type (PACAP⁺/⁺) mice. Airway responsiveness to inhaled carbachol was determined in unrestrained mice with whole body plethysmography 6 h and 24 h after LPS. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity referring to the number of accumulated neutrophils and macrophages was measured with spectrophotometry and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration with ELISA from the lung homogenates. Histological evaluation and semiquantitative scoring were also performed. Bronchial responsiveness, as well as IL-1β concentration and MPO activity markedly increased at both timepoints. Perivascular edema dominated the histological picture at 6 h, while remarkable peribronchial granulocyte accumulation, macrophage infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia were seen at 24h. In PACAP⁻/⁻ mice, airway hyperreactivity was significantly higher 24 h after LPS and inflammatory histopathological changes were more severe at both timepoints. MPO increase was almost double in PACAP⁻/⁻ mice compared to the wild-types at 6 h. In contrast, there was no difference between the IL-1β concentrations of the PACAP⁺/⁺ and PACAP⁻/⁻ mice. These results provide evidence for a protective role for PACAP in endotoxin-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztian Elekes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12., H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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46
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Kelleher ZT, Potts EN, Brahmajothi MV, Foster MW, Auten RL, Foster WM, Marshall HE. NOS2 regulation of LPS-induced airway inflammation via S-nitrosylation of NF-{kappa}B p65. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L327-33. [PMID: 21724860 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00463.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression is increased in the airway epithelium in acute inflammatory disorders although the physiological impact remains unclear. We have previously shown that NOS2 inhibits NF-κB (p50-p65) activation in respiratory epithelial cells by inducing S-nitrosylation of the p65 monomer (SNO-p65). In addition, we have demonstrated that mouse lung SNO-p65 levels are acutely depleted in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of lung injury and that augmenting SNO-p65 levels before LPS treatment results in decreased airway epithelial NF-κB activation, airway inflammation, and lung injury. We now show that aerosolized LPS induces NOS2 expression in the respiratory epithelium concomitant with an increase in lung SNO-p65 levels and a decrease in airway NF-κB activity. Genetic deletion of NOS2 results in an absence of SNO-p65 formation, persistent NF-κB activity in the respiratory epithelium, and prolonged airway inflammation. These results indicate that a primary function of LPS-induced NOS2 expression in the respiratory epithelium is to modulate the inflammatory response through deactivation of NF-κB via S-nitrosylation of p65, thereby counteracting the initial stimulus-coupled denitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Kelleher
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Rentsendorj O, Damarla M, Aggarwal NR, Choi JY, Johnston L, D'Alessio FR, Crow MT, Pearse DB. Knockdown of lung phosphodiesterase 2A attenuates alveolar inflammation and protein leak in a two-hit mouse model of acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L161-70. [PMID: 21571906 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00073.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is stimulated by cGMP to hydrolyze cAMP, a potent endothelial barrier-protective molecule. We previously found that lung PDE2A contributed to a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The purpose of the present study was to determine the contribution of PDE2A in a two-hit mouse model of 1-day intratracheal (IT) LPS followed by 4 h of 20 ml/kg tidal volume ventilation. Compared with IT water controls, LPS alone (3.75 μg/g body wt) increased lung PDE2A mRNA and protein expression by 6 h with a persistent increase in protein through day 4 before decreasing to control levels on days 6 and 10. Similar to the PDE2A time course, the peak in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and protein concentration also occurred on day 4 post-LPS. IT LPS (1 day) and VILI caused a threefold increase in lung PDE2A and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and a 24-fold increase in BAL neutrophilia. Compared with a control adenovirus, PDE2A knockdown with an adenovirus expressing a short hairpin RNA administered IT 3 days before LPS/VILI effectively decreased lung PDE2A expression and significantly attenuated BAL neutrophilia, LDH, protein, and chemokine levels. PDE2A knockdown also reduced lung iNOS expression by 53%, increased lung cAMP by nearly twofold, and improved survival from 47 to 100%. We conclude that in a mouse model of LPS/VILI, a synergistic increase in lung PDE2A expression increased lung iNOS and alveolar inflammation and contributed significantly to the ensuing acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otgonchimeg Rentsendorj
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) in combination with superoxide produces peroxynitrites and induces protein nitration, which participates in a number of chronic degenerative diseases. NO is produced at high levels in the human emphysematous lung, but its role in this disease is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the NO synthases contribute to the development of elastase-induced emphysema in mice. nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS were quantified and immunolocalized in the lung after a tracheal instillation of elastase in mice. To determine whether eNOS or iNOS had a role in the development of emphysema, mice bearing a germline deletion of the eNOS and iNOS genes and mice treated with a pharmacological iNOS inhibitor were exposed to elastase. Protein nitration was determined by immunofluorescence, protein oxidation was determined by ELISA. Inflammation and MMP activity were quantified by cell counts, RT-PCR and zymography in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cell proliferation was determined by Ki67 immunostaining. Emphysema was quantified morphometrically. iNOS and eNOS were diffusely upregulated in the lung of elastase-treated mice and a 12-fold increase in the number of 3-nitrotyrosine-expressing cells was observed. Over 80% of these cells were alveolar type 2 cells. In elastase-instilled mice, iNOS inactivation reduced protein nitration and increased protein oxidation but had no effect on inflammation, MMP activity, cell proliferation or the subsequent development of emphysema. eNOS inactivation had no effect. In conclusion, in the elastase-injured lung, iNOS mediates protein nitration in alveolar type 2 cells and alleviates oxidative injury. Neither eNOS nor iNOS are required for the development of elastase-induced emphysema.
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Helyes Z, Elekes K, Sándor K, Szitter I, Kereskai L, Pintér E, Kemény A, Szolcsányi J, McLaughlin L, Vasiliou S, Kipar A, Zimmer A, Hunt SP, Stewart JP, Quinn JP. Involvement of preprotachykinin A gene-encoded peptides and the neurokinin 1 receptor in endotoxin-induced murine airway inflammation. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:399-406. [PMID: 20579732 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinins encoded by the preprotachykinin A (TAC1) gene such as substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) are involved in neurogenic inflammatory processes via predominantly neurokinins 1 and 2 (NK1 and NK2) receptor activation, respectively. Endokinins and hemokinins encoded by the TAC4 gene also have remarkable selectivity and potency for the NK1 receptors and might participate in inflammatory cell functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate endotoxin-induced airway inflammation and consequent bronchial hyper-reactivity in TAC1(-/-), NK1(-/-) and also in double knockout (TAC1(-/-)/NK1(-/-)) mice. Sub-acute interstitial lung inflammation was evoked by intranasal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the knockout mice and their wildtype C57BL/6 counterparts 24 h before measurement. Respiratory parameters were measured with unrestrained whole body plethysmography. Bronchoconstriction was induced by inhalation of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol and Penh (enhanced pause) correlating with airway resistance was calculated. Lung interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations were measured with ELISA. Histological evaluation was performed and a composite morphological score was determined. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung was measured with spectrophotometry to quantify the number of infiltrating neutrophils/macrophages. Airway hyper-reactivity was significantly reduced in the TAC1(-/-) as well as the TAC1(-/-)/NK1(-/-) groups. However, LPS-induced histological inflammatory changes (perivascular/peribronchial oedema, neutrophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia), MPO activity and TNF-alpha concentration were markedly diminished only in TAC1(-/-) mice. Interestingly, the concentrations of both cytokines, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, were significantly greater in the NK1(-/-) group. These data clearly demonstrated on the basis of histology, MPO and cytokine measurements that TAC1 gene-derived tachykinins, SP and NKA, play a significant role in the development of endotoxin-induced murine airway inflammation, but not solely via NK1 receptor activation. However, in inflammatory bronchial hyper-responsiveness other tachykinins, such as hemokinin-1 acting through NK1 receptors also might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Hungary.
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Shan YS, Fang JH, Lai MD, Yen MC, Lin PW, Hsu HP, Lin CY, Chen YL. Establishment of an orthotopic transplantable gastric cancer animal model for studying the immunological effects of new cancer therapeutic modules. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:739-50. [PMID: 20737421 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell growth is influenced by the cellular microenvironment including the presence of immune cells and blood vessels. Currently, no transplantable gastric cancer syngeneic animal models exist; therefore, we set out to establish a mouse gastric carcinoma cell line, which was named mouse gastric carcinoma cell line 3I (MGCC3I), from forestomach carcinoma developed in benzo[a]pyrene-treated ICR mice. MGCC3I cells showed epithelial-like morphology, multinuclear giant cell formation, and retained an intestinal phenotype, which are similar to human gastric cancer carcinoma cells. The expression of gastric cancer markers MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC, and oncogenes c-myc, c-met, cyclin E1, and cancer stem cell marker CD44 was determined in MGCC3I cells. MGCC3I cells formed poorly differentiated stomach tumors following orthotopic implantation into the stomachs of syngeneic ICR mice. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are recognized as a new class of anticancer drugs. The immunological therapeutic effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and valproic acid were evaluated in this new animal tumor model. Sodium butyrate inhibited MGCC3I stomach tumor formation in animal models. Increased tumor infiltration by CD8 T cells and neutrophils was observed in mice treated with sodium butyrate or valproic acid. Depletion of CD8 T cells significantly attenuated tumor regression mediated by histone deacetylase inhibitors, which is correlated with enhancement of the MHC class I pathway in MGCC3I cells. Taken together, we have successfully established an orthotopic transplantable gastric tumor animal model and demonstrated its usefulness in revealing the role of CD8 T cells in the therapeutic effects of sodium butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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