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Pokharel MD, Marciano DP, Fu P, Franco MC, Unwalla H, Tieu K, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Metabolic reprogramming, oxidative stress, and pulmonary hypertension. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102797. [PMID: 37392518 PMCID: PMC10363484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles essential for cell metabolism, growth, and function. It is becoming increasingly clear that endothelial cell dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and vascular remodeling of various lung diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and that mitochondria are at the center of this dysfunction. The more we uncover the role mitochondria play in pulmonary vascular disease, the more apparent it becomes that multiple pathways are involved. To achieve effective treatments, we must understand how these pathways are dysregulated to be able to intervene therapeutically. We know that nitric oxide signaling, glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA cycle are abnormal in PAH, along with alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, these pathways are incompletely characterized in PAH, especially in endothelial cells, highlighting the urgent need for further research. This review summarizes what is currently known about how mitochondrial metabolism facilitates a metabolic shift in endothelial cells that induces vascular remodeling during PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - David P Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Mulorz J, Ibing W, Cappallo M, Braß SM, Takeuchi K, Raaz U, Schellinger IN, Krott KJ, Schelzig H, Aubin H, Oberhuber A, Elvers M, Wagenhäuser MU. Ethanol Enhances Endothelial Rigidity by Targeting VE-Cadherin-Implications for Acute Aortic Dissection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4967. [PMID: 37568369 PMCID: PMC10420172 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is caused by an endothelial entry tear followed by intimomedial delamination of the outer layers of the vessel wall. The established risk factors include hypertension and smoking. Another rising candidate risk factor is excessive alcohol consumption. This experimental study explores the effects of nicotine (Nic), angiotensin II (Ang II), and ethanol (EtOH) on human aortic endothelial cells (hAoEC). (2) Methods: HAoECs were exposed to Nic, Ang II, and EtOH at different dose levels. Cell migration was studied using the scratch assay and live-cell imaging. The metabolic viability and permeability capacity was investigated using the water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay and an in vitro vascular permeability assay. Cell adherence was studied by utilizing the hanging drop assay. The transcriptional and protein level changes were analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry for major junctional complexing proteins. (3) Results: We observed reduced metabolic viability following Ang II and EtOH exposure vs. control. Further, cell adherence was enhanced by EtOH exposure prior to trituration and by all risk factors after trituration, which correlated with the increased gene and protein expression of VE-cadherin upon EtOH exposure. The cell migration capacity was reduced upon EtOH exposure vs. controls. (4) Conclusion: Marked functional changes were observed upon exposure to established and potential risk factors for AAD development in hAoECs. Our findings advocate for an enhanced mechanical rigidity in hAoECs in response to the three substances studied, which in turn might increase endothelial rigidity, suggesting a novel mechanism for developing an endothelial entry tear due to reduced deformability in response to increased shear and pulsatile stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Mulorz
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ibing
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Cappallo
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CURE3D Lab, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sönke Maximilian Braß
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kiku Takeuchi
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- University Heart Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Nahal Schellinger
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- University Heart Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kim Jürgen Krott
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hug Aubin
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CURE3D Lab, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Oberhuber
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Udo Wagenhäuser
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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3
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Qiu F, Jiang B, Lin Y, Li H, Li D, Luo M, Hui H, Miao H, Zhang Y. Dual Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Overexpression: A New Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:87-98. [PMID: 37094101 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0459oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by advanced pulmonary vasculature remodeling that is thought to be curable only through lung transplantation. The application of angiogenic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is reported to be protective in PH through its anti-vascular remodeling effect, but excessive HGF-mediated immature neovascularization is not conducive to the restoration of pulmonary perfusion because of apparent vascular leakage. As a canonical antiangiogenic molecule, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits angiogenesis and reduces vascular permeability in a variety of diseases. However, the effect of PEDF on HGF-based PH treatment remains to be determined. In this study, monocrotaline-induced PH rats and endothelial cells isolated from rat and human PH lung tissues were used. We assessed PH progression, right cardiac function, and pulmonary perfusion in HGF- and/or PEDF-treated rats with PH. Additionally, the receptor and mechanism responsible for the role of PEDF in HGF-based PH therapy were investigated. In this study, we found that HGF and PEDF jointly prevent PH development and improve right cardiac function in rats with PH. Moreover, PEDF delivery increases the pulmonary perfusion in PH lungs and inhibits immature angiogenesis and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junction disintegration induced by HGF without affecting the therapeutic inhibition of pulmonary vascular remodeling by HGF. Mechanistically, PEDF targets VE growth factor receptor 2 and suppresses its phosphorylation at Y951 and Y1175 but not Y1214. Finally, VE growth factor receptor 2/VE protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin complex formation and Akt and Erk1/2 inactivation were observed in rat and human PH lung endothelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that PEDF additively enhances the efficacy of HGF against PH, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies for clinical PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Yangui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Huaming Li
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Dan Li
- Community Health Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | | | - Haoran Miao
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
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4
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Endothelial mechanosensing: A forgotten target to treat vascular remodeling in hypertension? Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salt-inducible kinases: new players in pulmonary arterial hypertension? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:806-819. [PMID: 35851157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) are serine/threonine kinases belonging to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family. Accumulating evidence indicates that SIKs phosphorylate multiple targets, including histone deacetylases (HDACs) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs), to coordinate signaling pathways implicated in metabolism, cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. These pathways downstream of SIKs are altered not only in pathologies like cancer, systemic hypertension, and inflammatory diseases, but also in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a multifactorial disease characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, inflammation and remodeling of pulmonary arteries owing to endothelial dysfunction and aberrant proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In this opinion article, we present evidence of SIKs as modulators of key signaling pathways involved in PAH pathophysiology and discuss the potential of SIKs as therapeutic targets for PAH, emphasizing the need for deeper molecular insights on PAH.
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Inhibition of IP 3R3 attenuates endothelial to mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 through restoring mitochondrial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 619:144-150. [PMID: 35760011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) release calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum to regulate permeability and migration of endothelial, thereby affecting PAH. In this study, We determined the expression level of IP3R3 and its position in lung tissue from PAH rat models, and stud the effect of IP3R3 on endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and mitochondrial function of endothelial cells treated with TGF-β1. We observed that IP3R3 was significantly overexpressed in the lung tissues from PAH rat models. Inhibition of IP3R3 reduced EndMT markers, cell migration, ROS production, Ca2+ levels, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, III, and V activities. These results suggest that the inhibition of IP3R3 attenuated EndMT and migration induced by TGF-β1 via restoring of mitochondrial functions, thereby suggesting a novel therapeutic opportunity for PAH.
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Dierick F, Solinc J, Bignard J, Soubrier F, Nadaud S. Progenitor/Stem Cells in Vascular Remodeling during Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061338. [PMID: 34071347 PMCID: PMC8226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by an important occlusive vascular remodeling with the production of new endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts. Identifying the cellular processes leading to vascular proliferation and dysfunction is a major goal in order to decipher the mechanisms leading to PAH development. In addition to in situ proliferation of vascular cells, studies from the past 20 years have unveiled the role of circulating and resident vascular in pulmonary vascular remodeling. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the different progenitor and stem cells that have been shown to participate in pulmonary vascular lesions and on the pathways regulating their recruitment during PAH. Finally, this review also addresses the therapeutic potential of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- France Dierick
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Julien Solinc
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Juliette Bignard
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Florent Soubrier
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Sophie Nadaud
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Gorelova A, Berman M, Al Ghouleh I. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:891-914. [PMID: 32746619 PMCID: PMC8035923 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process that encompasses extensive transcriptional reprogramming of activated endothelial cells leading to a shift toward mesenchymal cellular phenotypes and functional responses. Initially observed in the context of embryonic development, in the last few decades EndMT is increasingly recognized as a process that contributes to a variety of pathologies in the adult organism. Within the settings of cardiovascular biology, EndMT plays a role in various diseases, including atherosclerosis, heart valvular disease, cardiac fibrosis, and myocardial infarction. EndMT is also being progressively implicated in development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This review covers the current knowledge about EndMT in PH and PAH, and provides comprehensive overview of seminal discoveries. Topics covered include evidence linking EndMT to factors associated with PAH development, including hypoxia responses, inflammation, dysregulation of bone-morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), and redox signaling. This review amalgamates these discoveries into potential insights for the identification of underlying mechanisms driving EndMT in PH and PAH, and discusses future directions for EndMT-based therapeutic strategies in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gorelova
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariah Berman
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang J, Hu L, Huang H, Yu Y, Wang J, Yu Y, Li K, Li Y, Tian T, Chen F. CAR (CARSKNKDC) Peptide Modified ReNcell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Targeted Pulmonary Hypertension Therapy. Hypertension 2020; 76:1147-1160. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)–derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a potential therapeutic agent for pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the full realization of MSCs-derived EVs therapy has been hampered by the absence of standardization in MSCs culture and the challenges of industrial scale-up. The study was to exploit an alternative replacement for MSCs using currently commercialized stem cell lines for effective targeted PH therapy. ReNcell VM—a human neural stem cell line—has been utilized here as a reliable and easily adoptable source of EVs. We first demonstrated that ReNcell-derived EVs (ReNcell-EVs) pretreatment effectively prevented Su/Hx (SU5416/hypoxia)-induced PH in mice. Then for targeted therapy, we conjugated ReNcell-EVs with CAR (CARSKNKDC) peptide (CAR-EVs)—a peptide identified to specifically target hypertensive pulmonary arteries, by bio-orthogonal chemistry. Intravenous administration of CAR-EVs selectively targeted hypertensive pulmonary artery lesions especially pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Moreover, compared with unmodified ReNcell-EVs, CAR-EVs treatment significantly improved therapeutic effect in reversing Su/Hx-induced PH in mice. Mechanistically, ReNcell-EVs inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, at least in part, via the delivery of its endogenous highly expressed miRNAs, let-7b-5p, miR-92b-3p, and miR-100-5p. In addition, we also found that ReNcell-EVs inhibited hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and endothelial-mesenchymal transition in human microvascular endothelial cells. Taken together, our results provide an alternative to MSCs-derived EVs–based PH therapy via using ReNcell as a reliable source of EVs. Particularly, our CAR-conjugated EVs may serve as a novel drug carrier that enhances the specificity and efficiency of drug delivery for effective PH-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine (Jie Wang, L.H., H.H., Yanfang Yu, Youjia Yu, K.L., Y.L., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hu
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine (Jie Wang, L.H., H.H., Yanfang Yu, Youjia Yu, K.L., Y.L., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijie Huang
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine (Jie Wang, L.H., H.H., Yanfang Yu, Youjia Yu, K.L., Y.L., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine (Jie Wang, L.H., H.H., Yanfang Yu, Youjia Yu, K.L., Y.L., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingshen Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu (Jingshen Wang, T.T.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youjia Yu
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine (Jie Wang, L.H., H.H., Yanfang Yu, Youjia Yu, K.L., Y.L., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine (Jie Wang, L.H., H.H., Yanfang Yu, Youjia Yu, K.L., Y.L., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine (Jie Wang, L.H., H.H., Yanfang Yu, Youjia Yu, K.L., Y.L., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu (Jingshen Wang, T.T.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine (Jie Wang, L.H., H.H., Yanfang Yu, Youjia Yu, K.L., Y.L., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine (F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang H, Lin Y, Ma Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhang H. Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on monocrotaline‑induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via inhibition of the endothelial mesenchymal transition. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2091-2102. [PMID: 31573044 PMCID: PMC6844600 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EndMT) serves an important role in the vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, little is known about the correlation between hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a protective gaseous mediator in PAH and the process of EndMT. Male Sprague‑Dawley rats (10 weeks old) received a single dose of monocrotaline (MCT; i.p., 60 mg/kg) and were randomly treated with NaHS [an H2S donor; intraperitoneal (i.p.) 1 mg/kg/day], DL‑propagylglycine (an inhibitor of H2S synthesis; PAG; i.p., 10 mg/kg/day) or saline, 7 days after MCT injection. Rats were sacrificed 21 days after MCT injection. A selection of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were pretreated with NaHS or saline and stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 (10 ng/ml), and the other HPAECs were transfected with a cystathionine γ‑lyase (CSE, an H2S synthesizing enzyme) plasmid and subsequently stimulated with TGF‑β1. NaHS was indicated to inhibit EndMT and PAH progression by inhibiting the induction of the nuclear factor (NF)‑κB‑Snail pathway. In contrast, the depletion of H2S formation by PAG exacerbated EndMT and PAH by activating NF‑κB‑Snail molecules. In HPAECs, NaHS dose‑dependently inhibited TGF‑β1‑induced EndMT and the activation of the NF‑κB‑Snail pathway. Transfection with a CSE plasmid significantly repressed TGF‑β1‑induced expression of the mesenchymal marker and upregulated the expression of the endothelial marker, which was accompanied by the suppression of the NF‑κB‑Snail pathway. The inhibitory effect of CSE overexpression on TGF‑β1‑induced EndMT was significantly reversed by pretreatment with PAG. In conclusion, the current study provides novel information elucidating the beneficial effect of H2S on PAH through inhibiting the induction of the NF‑κB‑Snail pathway and the subsequent process of EndMT in pulmonary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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11
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Liu T, Zou XZ, Huang N, Ge XY, Yao MZ, Liu H, Zhang Z, Hu CP. Down-regulation of miR-204 attenuates endothelial-mesenchymal transition by enhancing autophagy in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172673. [PMID: 31542480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial remodeling is a crucial cause of increased pulmonary artery pressure during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recently, growing evidence has upheld the contribution of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) to pulmonary arterial remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. miR-204 has been implicated in PH, being anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic in pulmonary artery smooth muscles cells (PASMCs), but its role in EndMT is still unknown. Here we found that miR-204 was down-regulated by hypoxia in rat pulmonary arterial intima and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), and its further down-regulation by using miR-204 inhibitor suppressed hypoxia-induced EndMT. Moreover, autophagy, evoked by hypoxia in rat pulmonary arterial intima and HPAECs, suppressed hypoxia-induced EndMT via p62-dependent degradation of Snail and Twist. Additionally, autophagy was regulated by miR-204 targeting ATG7. While down-regulation of miR-204 in PASMCs reportedly promoted monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via increased cell proliferation, our data suggested an important, albeit dichotomous, role of miR-204 down-regulation in endothelial cells in the process of EndMT that it attenuated EndMT by enhancing autophagy, thereby ameliorating hypoxia-induced PH to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Mao-Zhong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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12
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Tawa M, Yano Y, Yamanaka M, Sawano T, Iesaki K, Murata Y, Tanaka R, Nakagawa K, Ohkita M, Matsumura Y. Effects of Beet Juice Supplementation on Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:216-222. [PMID: 30265283 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, attention has been focused on the cardiovascular protective effects of beet juice (BJ) with high amounts of nitrate. In this study, we examined the effect of BJ supplementation in a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS MCT (60 mg/kg) was subcutaneously administered to rats, and BJ (prepared by dissolving BJ powder at a concentration of 1 g/l or 10 g/l in drinking water) supplementation was started from the day of, 1 week before, and 2 weeks after MCT injection. Saline-injected rats given drinking water were used as controls. RESULTS Low-dose BJ supplementation starting from the day of MCT injection exerted protective effects on the MCT-induced elevation of right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial remodeling, without causing a significant increase in plasma nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels. On the other hand, such beneficial effects were not observed with high-dose BJ supplementation, although the NOx levels were slightly higher than those in the low-dose group. In addition, low-dose BJ supplementation starting from 1 week before MCT injection did not improve PH symptoms, as described above. Furthermore, low-dose BJ supplementation starting from 2 weeks after MCT injection was ineffective against functional and morphological alterations in pulmonary circulation associated with MCT-induced PH. CONCLUSIONS Habitual ingestion of a suitable amount of BJ could be a potential option for preventing PH. However, beneficial effects cannot be expected when PH has developed to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Yano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misaki Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kana Iesaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ohkita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Wang J, Yu M, Xu J, Cheng Y, Li X, Wei G, Wang H, Kong H, Xie W. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mediates the protective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition on pulmonary hypertension. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:6. [PMID: 30634956 PMCID: PMC6330403 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease leading to death ultimately. Our recently published data demonstrated that inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling in experimental PH. However, whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mediated the protective effect of DPP-4 inhibition (DPP-4i) on PH is unclear. Results In the present study, GLP-1 receptor antagonist (exendin-3) abolished the protective effects of DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) on right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) in monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg)-induced PH in rat. Notably, activation of GLP-1 receptor by GLP-1 analogue liraglutide directly attenuated RVSP and PVR in MCT-induced PH, as well as bleomycin- and chronic hypoxia-induced PH. Moreover, liraglutide potently inhibited MCT-induced inflammation and suppressed MCT-induced down-regulation of vascular endothelial marker (VE-cadherin and vWF) in lung. In vitro studies showed liraglutide reversed TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) combining IL-1β (5 ng/ml) induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which could be abolished by GLP-1 receptor antagonist (exendin-3). Furtermore, liraglutide suppressed TGF-β1-IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of both Smad3 and ERK1/2. Conclusions Our data suggest that GLP-1 mediated the protective effects of DPP-4i on pulmonary vascular and RV remodeling in experimental PH, which may be attributed to the inhibitory effect on EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Li M, Qian M, Kyler K, Xu J. Endothelial-Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Interactions in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:151. [PMID: 30406116 PMCID: PMC6207093 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory process that can eventually lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite available treatment, the prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD, which has become the leading cause of death worldwide, persists. Identification of new mechanisms of atherogenesis are highly needed in order to develop an effective therapeutic treatment. The blood vessels contain two primary major cell types: endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Each of these performs an essential function in sustaining vascular homeostasis. EC-VSMC communication is essential not only to development, but also to the homeostasis of mature blood vessels. Aberrant EC-VSMC interaction could promote atherogenesis. Identification of the mode of EC-VSMC crosstalk that regulates vascular functionality and sustains homeostasis may offer strategic insights for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic CVD. Here we will review the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between EC and VSMC that could contribute to atherosclerosis. We also highlight open questions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Li
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Ming Qian
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Kathy Kyler
- Office of Research Administration, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
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15
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Tang H, Babicheva A, McDermott KM, Gu Y, Ayon RJ, Song S, Wang Z, Gupta A, Zhou T, Sun X, Dash S, Wang Z, Balistrieri A, Zheng Q, Cordery AG, Desai AA, Rischard F, Khalpey Z, Wang J, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial HIF-2α contributes to severe pulmonary hypertension due to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L256-L275. [PMID: 29074488 PMCID: PMC5866501 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00096.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by concentric wall thickening and intraluminal obliteration is a major contributor to the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Here we report that increased hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) in lung vascular endothelial cells (LVECs) under normoxic conditions is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) by inducing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which subsequently results in vascular remodeling and occlusive lesions. We observed significant EndMT and markedly increased expression of SNAI, an inducer of EndMT, in LVECs from patients with IPAH and animals with experimental PH compared with normal controls. LVECs isolated from IPAH patients had a higher level of HIF-2α than that from normal subjects, whereas HIF-1α was upregulated in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from IPAH patients. The increased HIF-2α level, due to downregulated prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2), a prolyl hydroxylase that promotes HIF-2α degradation, was involved in enhanced EndMT and upregulated SNAI1/2 in LVECs from patients with IPAH. Moreover, knockdown of HIF-2α (but not HIF-1α) with siRNA decreases both SNAI1 and SNAI2 expression in IPAH-LVECs. Mice with endothelial cell (EC)-specific knockout (KO) of the PHD2 gene, egln1 (egln1EC-/-), developed severe PH under normoxic conditions, whereas Snai1/2 and EndMT were increased in LVECs of egln1EC-/- mice. EC-specific KO of the HIF-2α gene, hif2a, prevented mice from developing hypoxia-induced PH, whereas EC-specific deletion of the HIF-1α gene, hif1a, or smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific deletion of hif2a, negligibly affected the development of PH. Also, exposure to hypoxia for 48-72 h increased protein level of HIF-1α in normal human PASMCs and HIF-2α in normal human LVECs. These data indicate that increased HIF-2α in LVECs plays a pathogenic role in the development of severe PH by upregulating SNAI1/2, inducing EndMT, and causing obliterative pulmonary vascular lesions and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kimberly M McDermott
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Yali Gu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shanshan Song
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Akash Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xutong Sun
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Swetaleena Dash
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Zilu Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qiuyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Arlette G Cordery
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Franz Rischard
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Zain Khalpey
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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16
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Jiang J, Xia Y, Liang Y, Yang M, Zeng W, Zeng X. miR-190a-5p participates in the regulation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by targeting KLF15 and can serve as a biomarker of diagnosis and prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3777-3790. [PMID: 30538440 PMCID: PMC6251363 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s182504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE miR-190a-5p expression alters dynamically in response to hypoxia. However, the role of miR-190a-5p expression in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains unclear. We sought to correlate the miR-190a-5p expression levels with the severity, diagnosis, and prognosis of PH in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-PH). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of miR-190a-5p through in vitro experiments on human pulmonary endothelial cells (HPECs) that were exposed to hypoxia and in vivo experiments using an animal model of hypoxia-induced PH. METHODS Circulating miR-190a-5p levels were measured from 73 patients with PH and 32 healthy controls through quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of miR-190a-5p and the expression of Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) were analyzed in HPECs that were exposed to hypoxia, and the effects of antagomir-190a-5p in mice with chronic hypoxia-induced PH were tested. Target gene analysis was performed by Western blot and luciferase assay. RESULTS The miR-190a-5p level was significantly higher in patients with COPD-PH than in the healthy controls. Higher miR-190a-5p levels were associated with a greater severity of COPD-PH. In vitro experiments on HPECs showed that exposure to hypoxia increased the miR-190a-5p levels significantly. KLF15 was validated as a target of miR-190a-5p. Transfection with miR-190a-5p mimicked inhibition of KLF15 expression in HPECs. In the mouse model of PH, antagomir-190a-5p reduced right ventricular systolic pressure and enhanced the KLF15 expression levels in lung tissue. CONCLUSION miR-190a-5p regulates hypoxia-induced PH by targeting KLF15. The circulating levels of miR-190a-5p correlate with the severity of COPD-PH, thereby confirming the diagnostic and prognostic value of this parameter in COPD-PH.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Lung/blood supply
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China,
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17
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Suzuki T, Carrier EJ, Talati MH, Rathinasabapathy A, Chen X, Nishimura R, Tada Y, Tatsumi K, West J. Isolation and characterization of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L118-L126. [PMID: 28935639 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00296.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process in which endothelial cells lose polarity and cell-to cell contacts, and undergo a dramatic remodeling of the cytoskeleton. It has been implicated in initiation and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the characteristics of cells which have undergone EndMT cells in vivo have not been reported and so remain unclear. To study this, sugen5416 and hypoxia (SuHx)-induced PAH was established in Cdh5-Cre/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm4(ACTB-tdTomato,EGFP)Luo/J double transgenic mice, in which GFP was stably expressed in pan-endothelial cells. After 3 wk of SuHx, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry demonstrated CD144-negative and GFP-positive cells (complete EndMT cells) possessed higher proliferative and migratory activity compared with other mesenchymal cells. While CD144-positive and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells (partial EndMT cells) continued to express endothelial progenitor cell markers, complete EndMT cells were Sca-1-rich mesenchymal cells with high proliferative and migratory ability. When transferred in fibronectin-coated chamber slides containing smooth muscle media, α-SMA robustly expressed in these cells compared with cEndMT cells that were grown in maintenance media. Demonstrating additional paracrine effects, conditioned medium from isolated complete EndMT cells induced enhanced mesenchymal proliferation and migration and increased angiogenesis compared with conditioned medium from resident mesenchymal cells. Overall, these findings show that EndMT cells could contribute to the pathogenesis of PAH both directly, by transformation into smooth muscle-like cells with higher proliferative and migratory potency, and indirectly, through paracrine effects on vascular intimal and medial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Erica J Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megha H Talati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anandharajan Rathinasabapathy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xinping Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rintaro Nishimura
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine in Pulmonary Hypertension, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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Chen Y, Yuan T, Zhang H, Yan Y, Wang D, Fang L, Lu Y, Du G. Activation of Nrf2 Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling via Inhibiting Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: an Insight from a Plant Polyphenol. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1067-1081. [PMID: 28924387 PMCID: PMC5599911 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been demonstrated to be involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling. It is partly attributed to oxidative and inflammatory stresses in endothelial cells. In current study, we conducted a series of experiments to clarify the effect of salvianolic acid A (SAA), a kind of polyphenol compound, in the process of EndMT in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and in vivo therapeutic efficacy on vascular remodeling in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced EndMT. EndMT was induced by TGFβ1 in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs). SAA significantly attenuated EndMT, simultaneously inhibited cell migration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. In MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) model, SAA improved vascular function, decreased TGFβ1 level and inhibited inflammation. Mechanistically, SAA stimulated Nrf2 translocation and subsequent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) up-regulation. The effect of SAA on EndMT in vitro was abolished by ZnPP, a HO-1 inhibitor. In conclusion, this study indicates a deleterious impact of oxidative stress on EndMT. Polyphenol antioxidant treatment may provide an adjunctive action to alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling via inhibiting EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
| | - Tianyi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening
| | - Huifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
| | - Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
| | - Danshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
| | - Lianhua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening
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19
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Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: A novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2017; 27:383-393. [PMID: 28438397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a complex biological process in which endothelial cells lose their specific markers and acquire a mesenchymal or myofibroblastic phenotype. Similar to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), EndMT can be induced by multiple stimulants such as cytokines and metabolic factors that play crucial roles in the development of the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have demonstrated that EndMT may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and may represent a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular remodeling and fibrotic disorders. The exact molecular mechanisms involved in cardiovascular pathogenesis that occur as a result of EndMT, however, are not fully explained. In this review, we reveal the multiple intercellular mechanisms of EndMT including stimulants, signaling pathways, and seek to explore the relationship between this biological process, cardiovascular system development, and CVDs that may lead to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVDs.
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