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Ge J, Song T, Li M, Chen W, Li J, Gong S, Zhao Y, Ma L, Yu H, Li X, Fu K. The medicinal value of tea drinking in the management of COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12968. [PMID: 36647394 PMCID: PMC9833859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presently the largest international public health event, individuals infected by the virus not only have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and lung infection at the time of onset, but also possibly have sequelae in the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system, mental health and other aspects. However, numerous studies have depicted that the active ingredients in tea show good antiviral effects and can treat various diseases by regulating multiple pathways, and the therapeutic effects are associated with the categories of chemical components in tea. In this review, the differences in the content of key active ingredients in different types of tea are summarized. In addition, we also highlighted their effects on COVID-19 and connected sequelae, further demonstrating the possibility of developing a formulation for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its sequelae through tea extracts. We have a tendency to suggest forestalling and treating COVID-19 and its sequelae through scientific tea drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Ge
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianbao Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Sihan Gong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Wuxi Century Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xiankuan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kun Fu
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300120, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. 69 Increasen Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Godbole NM, Chowdhury AA, Chataut N, Awasthi S. Tight Junctions, the Epithelial Barrier, and Toll-like Receptor-4 During Lung Injury. Inflammation 2022; 45:2142-2162. [PMID: 35779195 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung epithelium is constantly exposed to the environment and is critically important for the orchestration of initial responses to infectious organisms, toxins, and allergic stimuli, and maintenance of normal gaseous exchange and pulmonary function. The integrity of lung epithelium, fluid balance, and transport of molecules is dictated by the tight junctions (TJs). The TJs are formed between adjacent cells. We have focused on the topic of the TJ structure and function in lung epithelial cells. This review includes a summary of the last twenty years of literature reports published on the disrupted TJs and epithelial barrier in various lung conditions and expression and regulation of specific TJ proteins against pathogenic stimuli. We discuss the molecular signaling and crosstalk among signaling pathways that control the TJ structure and function. The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) recognizes the pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns released during lung injury and inflammation and coordinates cellular responses. The molecular aspects of TLR4 signaling in the context of TJs or the epithelial barrier are not fully known. We describe the current knowledge and possible networking of the TLR4-signaling with cellular and molecular mechanisms of TJs, lung epithelial barrier function, and resistance to treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket M Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Asif Alam Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Neha Chataut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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3
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The transcription factor complex LMO2/TAL1 regulates branching and endothelial cell migration in sprouting angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7226. [PMID: 35508511 PMCID: PMC9068620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor complex, consisting of LMO2, TAL1 or LYL1, and GATA2, plays an important role in capillary sprouting by regulating VEGFR2, DLL4, and angiopoietin 2 in tip cells. Overexpression of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor LYL1 in transgenic mice results in shortened tails. This phenotype is associated with vessel hyperbranching and a relative paucity of straight vessels due to DLL4 downregulation in tip cells by forming aberrant complex consisting of LMO2 and LYL1. Knockdown of LMO2 or TAL1 inhibits capillary sprouting in spheroid-based angiogenesis assays, which is associated with decreased angiopoietin 2 secretion. In the same assay using mixed TAL1- and LYL1-expressing endothelial cells, TAL1 was found to be primarily located in tip cells, while LYL1-expressing cells tended to occupy the stalk position in sprouts by upregulating VEGFR1 than TAL1. Thus, the interaction between LMO2 and TAL1 in tip cells plays a key role in angiogenic switch of sprouting angiogenesis.
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4
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Yamamoto K, Takagi Y, Ando K, Fukuhara S. Rap1 Small GTPase Regulates Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin-Mediated Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions and Vascular Permeability. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1371-1379. [PMID: 34602545 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular permeability of the endothelium is finely controlled by vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell junctions. In the majority of normal adult tissues, endothelial cells in blood vessels maintain vascular permeability at a relatively low level, while in response to inflammation, they limit vascular barrier function to induce plasma leakage and extravasation of immune cells as a defense mechanism. Thus, the dynamic but also simultaneously tight regulation of vascular permeability by endothelial cells is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and, as such, impairments of its underlying mechanisms result in hyperpermeability, leading to the development and progression of various diseases including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly emerging infectious disease. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have been unveiling the important role of Rap1, a small guanosine 5'-triphosphatase (GTPase) belonging to the Ras superfamily, in the regulation of vascular permeability. Rap1 enhances VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell junctions to potentiate vascular barrier functions via dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Importantly, Rap1 signaling activation reportedly improves vascular barrier function in animal models of various diseases associated with vascular hyperpermeability, suggesting that Rap1 might be an ideal target for drugs intended to prevent vascular barrier dysfunction. Here, we describe recent progress in understanding the mechanisms by which Rap1 potentiates VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial cell-cell adhesions and vascular barrier function. We also discuss how alterations in Rap1 signaling are related to vascular barrier dysfunction in diseases such as acute pulmonary injury and malignancies. In addition, we examine the possibility of Rap1 signaling as a target of drugs for treating diseases associated with vascular hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotake Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yuki Takagi
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
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5
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Liu H, Wang W, Shen W, Wang L, Zuo Y. ARHGAP24 ameliorates inflammatory response through inactivating Rac1/Akt/NF-κB pathway in acute pneumonia model of rat. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1289. [PMID: 33209869 PMCID: PMC7661869 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background ARHGAP24 might play a protective effect in the development of acute pneumonia, but the underlying mechanism remained a mystery. We aimed to investigate the effect of ARHGAP24 and explore the protective mechanism based on the acute pneumonia model of rats. Methods Western blotting analysis was conducted to measure the expression of ARHGAP24 in the rat model of bacillus pyocyaneus-induced acute pneumonia after 12, 24, 36, and 48 h modeling. In the acute pneumonia model of rat, lung histopathological change, lung edema, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were respectively measured to comprehensively evaluate the beneficial effect of overexpression of ARHGAP24 mediated by adenovirus. The western blotting analysis was conducted to evaluate Rac1/Akt/NF-κB pathway-related protein expression change with ARHGAP24 overexpression. Results We found that ARHGAP24 expression tended to be lower in the acute pneumonia model of the rat after bacillus pyocyaneus treated 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. High expression of ARHGAP24 and a substantial ARHGAP24 positive area was found in the western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining in rats transfected with ARHGAP24. In the meantime, overexpression of ARHGAP24 suppressed the development of acute pneumonia through alleviating lung histopathological deterioration, lung edema, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the BALF of the lung. What is more critical, ARHGAP24 overexpression inhibits the activation of Rac1, Akt, and NF-κB. Conclusions Thus, we conclude that ARHGAP24 ameliorated the inflammatory response in the acute pneumonia model of the rat through inactivating the Rac1/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huailian Liu
- Hospital Department, Huaian City Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Wangpeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Wenyi Shen
- Aspiration Medicine, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Aspiration Medicine, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Yangsong Zuo
- Aspiration Medicine, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, China
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6
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Hussain A, Deleuze V, El Kebriti L, Turali H, Pirot N, Glasson Y, Mathieu D, Pinet V. In Lyl1 -/- mice, adipose stem cell vascular niche impairment leads to premature development of fat tissues. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2020; 39:78-91. [PMID: 33022858 PMCID: PMC7821250 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lyl1 encodes a hematopoietic‐ and endothelial‐specific bHLH transcription factor. Lyl1‐deficient mice are viable, but they display mild hematopoietic and vascular defects. Specifically, LYL1 is required for the maturation and stabilization of blood vessel endothelial adherens junctions. Here, we report that young adult Lyl1−/− mice exhibit transient overweight associated with general expansion of adipose tissue, without signs of metabolic disorder and unrelated to food intake. The increased fat tissue development in Lyl1−/− mice resulted from earlier differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) into adipocytes through noncell autonomous mechanisms. Specifically, we found that in Lyl1−/− mice, the adipose tissue vascular structures are immature, as indicated by their high permeability, reduced coverage by pericytes, lower recruitment of VE‐cadherin and ZO1 at cell junctions, and more prone to angiogenesis. Together, our data show that in Lyl1−/− mice, the impaired vascular compartment of the adipose niche promotes ASC differentiation, leading to early adipocyte expansion and premature ASC depletion. Our study highlights the major structural role of the adipose tissue vascular niche in coordinating stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation into adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Deleuze
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Leila El Kebriti
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Hulya Turali
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Pirot
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Yaël Glasson
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Mathieu
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Pinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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7
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Riddell EA, Roback EY, Wells CE, Zamudio KR, Sears MW. Thermal cues drive plasticity of desiccation resistance in montane salamanders with implications for climate change. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4091. [PMID: 31501425 PMCID: PMC6733842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms rely upon external cues to avoid detrimental conditions during environmental change. Rapid water loss, or desiccation, is a universal threat for terrestrial plants and animals, especially under climate change, but the cues that facilitate plastic responses to avoid desiccation are unclear. We integrate acclimation experiments with gene expression analyses to identify the cues that regulate resistance to water loss at the physiological and regulatory level in a montane salamander (Plethodon metcalfi). Here we show that temperature is an important cue for developing a desiccation-resistant phenotype and might act as a reliable cue for organisms across the globe. Gene expression analyses consistently identify regulation of stem cell differentiation and embryonic development of vasculature. The temperature-sensitive blood vessel development suggests that salamanders regulate water loss through the regression and regeneration of capillary beds in the skin, indicating that tissue regeneration may be used for physiological purposes beyond replacing lost limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Riddell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA.
| | - Emma Y Roback
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA.,Biology Department, Grinnell College, 1116 Eighth Ave, Grinnell, IA, 50112, USA
| | - Christina E Wells
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, E145 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Michael W Sears
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
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8
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Rosa LRO, Soares GM, Silveira LR, Boschero AC, Barbosa-Sampaio HCL. ARHGAP21 as a master regulator of multiple cellular processes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8477-8481. [PMID: 29856495 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cellular cytoskeleton is involved with multiple biological processes and is tightly regulated by multiple proteins and effectors. Among these, the RhoGTPases family is one of the most important players. RhoGTPAses are, in turn, regulated by many other elements. In the past decade, one of those regulators, the RhoGAP Rho GTPase Activating Protein 21 (ARHGAP21), has been overlooked, despite being implied as having an important role on many of those processes. In this paper, we aimed to review the available literature regarding ARHGAP21 to highlight its importance and the mechanisms of action that have been found so far for this still unknown protein involved with cell adhesion, migration, Golgi regulation, cell trafficking, and even insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R O Rosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa-Sampaio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Pagano AF, Brioche T, Arc-Chagnaud C, Demangel R, Chopard A, Py G. Short-term disuse promotes fatty acid infiltration into skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:335-347. [PMID: 29248005 PMCID: PMC5879967 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many physiological and/or pathological conditions lead to muscle deconditioning, a well-described phenomenon characterized by a loss of strength and muscle power mainly due to the loss of muscle mass. Fatty infiltrations, or intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), are currently well-recognized components of muscle deconditioning. Despite the fact that IMAT is present in healthy human skeletal muscle, its increase and accumulation are linked to muscle dysfunction. Although IMAT development has been largely attributable to inactivity, the precise mechanisms of its establishment are still poorly understood. Because the sedentary lifestyle that accompanies age-related sarcopenia may favour IMAT development, deciphering the early processes of muscle disuse is of great importance before implementing strategies to limit IMAT deposition. METHODS In our study, we took advantage of the dry immersion (DI) model of severe muscle inactivity to induce rapid muscle deconditioning during a short period. During the DI, healthy adult men (n = 12; age: 32 ± 5) remained strictly immersed, in a supine position, in a controlled thermo-neutral water bath. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after 3 days of DI. RESULTS We showed that DI for only 3 days was able to decrease myofiber cross-sectional areas (-10.6%). Moreover, protein expression levels of two key markers commonly used to assess IMAT, perilipin, and fatty acid binding protein 4, were upregulated. We also observed an increase in the C/EBPα and PPARγ protein expression levels, indicating an increase in late adipogenic processes leading to IMAT development. While many stem cells in the muscle environment can adopt the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) represent the population that appears to play a major role in IMAT development. In our study, we showed an increase in the protein expression of PDGFRα, the specific cell surface marker of FAPs, in response to 3 days of DI. It is well recognized that an unfavourable muscle environment drives FAPs to ectopic adiposity and/or fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to emphasize that during a short period of severe inactivity, muscle deconditioning is associated with IMAT development. Our study also reveals that FAPs could be the main resident muscle stem cell population implicated in ectopic adiposity development in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan F Pagano
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France.,Freshage Research Group - Dept. Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rémi Demangel
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
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Regulation of eosinophilia and allergic airway inflammation by the glycan-binding protein galectin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4837-46. [PMID: 27457925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601958113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a glycan-binding protein with broad antiinflammatory activities, functions as a proresolving mediator in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, its role in allergic airway inflammation has not yet been elucidated. We evaluated the effects of Gal-1 on eosinophil function and its role in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Allergen exposure resulted in airway recruitment of Gal-1-expressing inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, as well as increased Gal-1 in extracellular spaces in the lungs. In vitro, extracellular Gal-1 exerted divergent effects on eosinophils that were N-glycan- and dose-dependent. At concentrations ≤0.25 µM, Gal-1 increased eosinophil adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, caused redistribution of integrin CD49d to the periphery and cell clustering, but inhibited ERK(1/2) activation and eotaxin-1-induced migration. Exposure to concentrations ≥1 µM resulted in ERK(1/2)-dependent apoptosis and disruption of the F-actin cytoskeleton. At lower concentrations, Gal-1 did not alter expression of adhesion molecules (CD49d, CD18, CD11a, CD11b, L-selectin) or of the chemokine receptor CCR3, but decreased CD49d and CCR3 was observed in eosinophils treated with higher concentrations of this lectin. In vivo, allergen-challenged Gal-1-deficient mice exhibited increased recruitment of eosinophils and CD3(+) T lymphocytes in the airways as well as elevated peripheral blood and bone marrow eosinophils relative to corresponding WT mice. Further, these mice had an increased propensity to develop airway hyperresponsiveness and displayed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α in lung tissue. This study suggests that Gal-1 can limit eosinophil recruitment to allergic airways and suppresses airway inflammation by inhibiting cell migration and promoting eosinophil apoptosis.
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Pagano AF, Demangel R, Brioche T, Jublanc E, Bertrand-Gaday C, Candau R, Dechesne CA, Dani C, Bonnieu A, Py G, Chopard A. Muscle Regeneration with Intermuscular Adipose Tissue (IMAT) Accumulation Is Modulated by Mechanical Constraints. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144230. [PMID: 26629696 PMCID: PMC4668059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports trauma are able to induce muscle injury with fibrosis and accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), which affect muscle function. This study was designed to investigate whether hypoactivity would influence IMAT accumulation in regenerating mouse skeletal muscle using the glycerol model of muscle regeneration. The animals were immediately hindlimb unloaded for 21 days after glycerol injection into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Muscle fiber and adipocyte cross-sectional area (CSA) and IMAT accumulation were determined by histomorphometric analysis. Adipogenesis during regenerative processes was examined using RT-qPCR and Western blot quantification. Twenty-one days of hindlimb unloading resulted in decreases of 38% and 50.6% in the muscle weight/body weight ratio and CSA, respectively, in soleus muscle. Glycerol injection into TA induced IMAT accumulation, reaching 3% of control normal-loading muscle area. This IMAT accumulation was largely inhibited in unloading conditions (0.09%) and concomitant with a marked reduction in perilipin and FABP4 protein content, two key markers of mature adipocytes. Induction of PPARγ and C/EBPα mRNA, two markers of adipogenesis, was also decreased. Furthermore, the protein expression of PDGFRα, a cell surface marker of fibro/adipogenic progenitors, was much lower in regenerating TA from the unloaded group. Exposure of regenerating muscle to hypoactivity severely reduces IMAT development and accumulation. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms regulating IMAT development in skeletal muscle and highlight the importance of taking into account the level of mechanical constraint imposed on skeletal muscle during the regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan F. Pagano
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Rémi Demangel
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Jublanc
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Bertrand-Gaday
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Candau
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude A. Dechesne
- Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, iBV, CNRS UMR7277, INSERM U1091, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, iBV, CNRS UMR7277, INSERM U1091, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Anne Bonnieu
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Matalon S, Bartoszewski R, Collawn JF. Role of epithelial sodium channels in the regulation of lung fluid homeostasis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1229-38. [PMID: 26432872 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00319.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In utero, fetal lung epithelial cells actively secrete Cl(-) ions into the lung air spaces while Na(+) ions follow passively to maintain electroneutrality. This process, driven by an electrochemical gradient generated by the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, is responsible for the secretion of fetal fluid that is essential for normal lung development. Shortly before birth, a significant upregulation of amiloride-sensitive epithelial channels (ENaCs) on the apical side of the lung epithelial cells results in upregulation of active Na(+) transport. This process is critical for the reabsorption of fetal lung fluid and the establishment of optimum gas exchange. In the adult lung, active Na(+) reabsorption across distal lung epithelial cells limits the degree of alveolar edema in patients with acute lung injury and cardiogenic edema. Cl(-) ions are transported either paracellularly or transcellularly to preserve electroneutrality. An increase in Cl(-) secretion across the distal lung epithelium has been reported following an acute increase in left atrial pressure and may result in pulmonary edema. In contrast, airway epithelial cells secrete Cl(-) through apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels and absorb Na(+). Thus the coordinated action of Cl(-) secretion and Na(+) absorption is essential for maintenance of the volume of epithelial lining fluid that, in turn, maximizes mucociliary clearance and facilitates clearance of bacteria and debris from the lungs. Any factor that interferes with Na(+) or Cl(-) transport or dramatically upregulates ENaC activity in airway epithelial cells has been associated with lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive lung disease. In this review we focus on the role of the ENaC, the mechanisms involved in ENaC regulation, and how ENaC dysregulation can lead to lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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Xu Q, Liu J, Wang Z, Guo X, Zhou G, Liu Y, Huang Q, Su L. Heat stress-induced disruption of endothelial barrier function is via PAR1 signaling and suppressed by Xuebijing injection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118057. [PMID: 25693178 PMCID: PMC4334482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability leading to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is central to the pathogenesis of heatstroke. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), the receptor for thrombin, plays a key role in disruption of endothelial barrier function in response to extracellular stimuli. However, the role of PAR1 in heat stress-induced endothelial hyper-permeability is unknown. In this study, we measured PAR1 protein expression in heat-stressed human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs), investigated the influences of PAR1 on endothelial permeability, F-actin rearrangement, and moesin phosphorylation by inhibiting PAR1 with its siRNA, neutralizing antibody (anti-PAR1), specific inhibitor(RWJ56110), and Xuebijing injection (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine used for sepsis treatment, and evaluated the role of PAR1 in heatstroke-related ALI/ARDS in mice by suppressing PAR1 with RWJ56110, anti-PAR1and XBJ. We found that heat stress induced PAR1 protein expression 2h after heat stress in endothelial cells, caused the release of endothelial matrix metalloprotease 1, an activator of PAR1, after 60 or 120 min of heat stimulation, as well as promoted endothelial hyper-permeability and F-actin rearrangement, which were inhibited by suppressing PAR1 with RWJ56110, anti-PAR1 and siRNA. PAR1 mediated moesin phosphorylation, which caused F-actin rearrangement and disruption of endothelial barrier function. To corroborate findings from in vitro experiments, we found that RWJ56110 and the anti-PAR1 significantly decreased lung edema, pulmonary microvascular permeability, protein exudation, and leukocytes infiltrations in heatstroke mice. Additionally, XBJ was found to suppress PAR1-moesin signal pathway and confer protective effects on maintaining endothelial barrier function both in vitro and in vivo heat-stressed model, similar to those observed above with the inhibition of PAR1. These results suggest that PAR1 is a potential therapeutic target in heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Xu
- Department of ICU, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Huabo Bio-pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhenglian Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengbiao Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QH); (LS)
| | - Lei Su
- Department of ICU, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QH); (LS)
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Mehta D, Ravindran K, Kuebler WM. Novel regulators of endothelial barrier function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L924-35. [PMID: 25381026 PMCID: PMC4269690 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00318.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier function is an essential and tightly regulated process that ensures proper compartmentalization of the vascular and interstitial space, while allowing for the diffusive exchange of small molecules and the controlled trafficking of macromolecules and immune cells. Failure to control endothelial barrier integrity results in excessive leakage of fluid and proteins from the vasculature that can rapidly become fatal in scenarios such as sepsis or the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding on the regulation of endothelial permeability, with a specific focus on the endothelial glycocalyx and endothelial scaffolds, regulatory intracellular signaling cascades, as well as triggers and mediators that either disrupt or enhance endothelial barrier integrity, and provide our perspective as to areas of seeming controversy and knowledge gaps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Krishnan Ravindran
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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