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Zhao C, Pan M, Chen J, Li L, Zhang Y, Liu W, Matthay MA, Wang H, Jin X, Xu JF, Su X. Vagal-α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling exacerbates influenza severity by promoting lung epithelial cell infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29768. [PMID: 38978388 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The vagus nerve circuit, operating through the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), regulates the inflammatory response by influencing immune cells. However, the role of vagal-α7 nAChR signaling in influenza virus infection is unclear. In particular, does vagal-α7 nAChR signaling impact the infection of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), the primary target cells of influenza virus? Here, we demonstrated a distinct role of α7 nAChR in type II AECs compared to its role in immune cells during influenza infection. We found that deletion of Chrna7 (encoding gene of α7 nAChR) in type II AECs or disruption of vagal circuits reduced lung influenza infection and protected mice from influenza-induced lung injury. We further unveiled that activation of α7 nAChR enhanced influenza infection through PTP1B-NEDD4L-ASK1-p38MAPK pathway. Mechanistically, activation of α7 nAChR signaling decreased p38MAPK phosphorylation during infection, facilitating the nuclear export of influenza viral ribonucleoproteins and thereby promoting infection. Taken together, our findings reveal a mechanism mediated by vagal-α7 nAChR signaling that promotes influenza viral infection and exacerbates disease severity. Targeting vagal-α7 nAChR signaling may offer novel strategies for combating influenza virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Pan
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Xia Jin
- Shanghai Serum Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Leonard EM, Porteus CS, Brink D, Milsom WK. Fish gill chemosensing: knowledge gaps and inconsistencies. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01553-5. [PMID: 38758303 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the inconsistencies in the data and gaps in our knowledge that exist in what is currently known regarding gill chemosensors which drive the cardiorespiratory reflexes in fish. Although putative serotonergic neuroepithelial cells (NEC) dominate the literature, it is clear that other neurotransmitters are involved (adrenaline, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, purines, and dopamine). And although we assume that these agents act on neurons synapsing with the NECs or in the afferent or efferent limbs of the paths between chemosensors and central integration sites, this process remains elusive and may explain current discrepancies or species differences in the literature. To date it has been impossible to link the distribution of NECs to species sensitivity to different stimuli or fish lifestyles and while the gills have been shown to be the primary sensing site for respiratory gases, the location (gills, oro-branchial cavity or elsewhere) and orientation (external/water or internal/blood sensing) of the NECs are highly variable between species of water and air breathing fish. Much of what has been described so far comes from studies of hypoxic responses in fish, however, changes in CO2, ammonia and lactate have all been shown to elicit cardio-respiratory responses and all have been suggested to arise from stimulation of gill NECs. Our view of the role of NECs is broadening as we begin to understand the polymodal nature of these cells. We begin by presenting the fundamental picture of gill chemosensing that has developed, followed by some key unanswered questions about gill chemosensing in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Leonard
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Cosima S Porteus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Deidre Brink
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William K Milsom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Frelinger AL, Haynes RL, Goldstein RD, Berny-Lang MA, Gerrits AJ, Riehs M, Haas EA, Paunovic B, Mena OJ, Campman SC, Milne GL, Sleeper LA, Kinney HC, Michelson AD. Dysregulation of platelet serotonin, 14-3-3, and GPIX in sudden infant death syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11092. [PMID: 38750089 PMCID: PMC11096399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of post-neonatal infant mortality, but the underlying cause(s) are unclear. A subset of SIDS infants has abnormalities in the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and the adaptor molecule, 14-3-3 pathways in regions of the brain involved in gasping, response to hypoxia, and arousal. To evaluate our hypothesis that SIDS is, at least in part, a multi-organ dysregulation of 5-HT, we examined whether blood platelets, which have 5-HT and 14-3-3 signaling pathways similar to brain neurons, are abnormal in SIDS. We also studied platelet surface glycoprotein IX (GPIX), a cell adhesion receptor which is physically linked to 14-3-3. In infants dying of SIDS compared to infants dying of known causes, we found significantly higher intra-platelet 5-HT and 14-3-3 and lower platelet surface GPIX. Serum and plasma 5-HT were also elevated in SIDS compared to controls. The presence in SIDS of both platelet and brainstem 5-HT and 14-3-3 abnormalities suggests a global dysregulation of these pathways and the potential for platelets to be used as a model system to study 5-HT and 14-3-3 interactions in SIDS. Platelet and serum biomarkers may aid in the forensic determination of SIDS and have the potential to be predictive of SIDS risk in living infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Karp 08212, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5737, USA.
| | - Robin L Haynes
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Goldstein
- Robert's Program on Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michelle A Berny-Lang
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anja J Gerrits
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Riehs
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Othon J Mena
- County of Ventura Medical Examiner's Office, Ventura, CA, USA
| | - Steven C Campman
- County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lynn A Sleeper
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Schappe MS, Brinn PA, Joshi NR, Greenberg RS, Min S, Alabi AA, Zhang C, Liberles SD. A vagal reflex evoked by airway closure. Nature 2024; 627:830-838. [PMID: 38448588 PMCID: PMC10972749 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Airway integrity must be continuously maintained throughout life. Sensory neurons guard against airway obstruction and, on a moment-by-moment basis, enact vital reflexes to maintain respiratory function1,2. Decreased lung capacity is common and life-threatening across many respiratory diseases, and lung collapse can be acutely evoked by chest wall trauma, pneumothorax or airway compression. Here we characterize a neuronal reflex of the vagus nerve evoked by airway closure that leads to gasping. In vivo vagal ganglion imaging revealed dedicated sensory neurons that detect airway compression but not airway stretch. Vagal neurons expressing PVALB mediate airway closure responses and innervate clusters of lung epithelial cells called neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). Stimulating NEBs or vagal PVALB neurons evoked gasping in the absence of airway threats, whereas ablating NEBs or vagal PVALB neurons eliminated gasping in response to airway closure. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that NEBs uniformly express the mechanoreceptor PIEZO2, and targeted knockout of Piezo2 in NEBs eliminated responses to airway closure. NEBs were dispensable for the Hering-Breuer inspiratory reflex, which indicated that discrete terminal structures detect airway closure and inflation. Similar to the involvement of Merkel cells in touch sensation3,4, NEBs are PIEZO2-expressing epithelial cells and, moreover, are crucial for an aspect of lung mechanosensation. These findings expand our understanding of neuronal diversity in the airways and reveal a dedicated vagal pathway that detects airway closure to help preserve respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Schappe
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip A Brinn
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Narendra R Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Greenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soohong Min
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - AbdulRasheed A Alabi
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Renga G, D'Onofrio F, Pariano M, Galarini R, Barola C, Stincardini C, Bellet MM, Ellemunter H, Lass-Flörl C, Costantini C, Napolioni V, Ehrlich AK, Antognelli C, Fini M, Garaci E, Nunzi E, Romani L. Bridging of host-microbiota tryptophan partitioning by the serotonin pathway in fungal pneumonia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5753. [PMID: 37717018 PMCID: PMC10505232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aromatic amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) is essentially metabolized along the host and microbial pathways. While much is known about the role played by downstream metabolites of each pathways in intestinal homeostasis, their role in lung immune homeostasis is underappreciated. Here we have examined the role played by the Trp hydroxylase/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathway in calibrating host and microbial Trp metabolism during Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia. We found that 5-HT produced by mast cells essentially contributed to pathogen clearance and immune homeostasis in infection by promoting the host protective indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1/kynurenine pathway and limiting the microbial activation of the indole/aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. This occurred via regulation of lung and intestinal microbiota and signaling pathways. 5-HT was deficient in the sputa of patients with Cystic fibrosis, while 5-HT supplementation restored the dysregulated Trp partitioning in murine disease. These findings suggest that 5-HT, by bridging host-microbiota Trp partitioning, may have clinical effects beyond its mood regulatory function in respiratory pathologies with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Renga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Onofrio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati,", Perugia, Italy
| | - Carolina Barola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati,", Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marina M Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Allison K Ehrlich
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Di Sano C, Di Vincenzo S, Lo Piparo D, D'Anna C, Taverna S, Lazzara V, Pinto P, Sortino F, Pace E. Effects of condensates from volcanic fumaroles and cigarette smoke extracts on airway epithelial cells. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1689-1702. [PMID: 37308740 PMCID: PMC10390407 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of volcanic airborne products on airway epithelium homeostasis is largely unknown. This study assessed the effects of volcanic Fumarole Condensates (FC) alone or combined with Cigarette Smoke Extracts (CSE) on airway epithelial cells (16HBE and A549). Chemical composition of FC was analyzed by gas chromatography and HPLC. Cells were exposed to FC and IL-33 and IL-8 were assessed. The effects of FC and CSE on cell injury were evaluated assessing cell metabolism/cell viability, mitochondrial stress, cell apoptosis/cell necrosis, and cell proliferation. FC contained: water vapor (70-97%), CO2 (3-30%), acid gases (H2S, SO2, HCl, HF) around 1%. FC increased the intracellular IL-33 but differently modulated IL-33 and IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 release in the tested cell lines. FC without/with CSE: (a) increased cell metabolism/cell viability in 16HBE, while decreased it in A549; (b) increased mitochondrial stress in both cell types. FC with CSE increased cell necrosis in A549 in comparison to CSE alone. CSE reduced cell proliferation in 16HB,E while increased it in A549 and FC counteracted these effects in both cell types. Overall, FC induce a pro-inflammatory profile associated to a metabolic reprogramming without a relevant toxicity also in presence of CSE in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Di Sano
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Doriana Lo Piparo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Anna
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Taverna
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Pinto
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sortino
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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7
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Yu J. Research journey into multiple-sensor theory. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:128-138. [PMID: 37341418 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00062.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1998, I was asked by the American Physiological Society to review a book written by Dr. Michael de Burgh Daly, Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors and Respiratory-Cardiovascular Integration. Inspired by this work, I came to appreciate how researchers in the later stages of their careers and who provide a detailed review of their experimental approach might effectively contribute to science, especially to the benefit of young scientists (Yu J. The Physiologist 41: 231, 1998.). This article is written in that vein. Over several decades of intensive investigation of cardiopulmonary reflexes, focused on the sensory receptors, my colleagues and I advanced a novel multiple-sensor theory (MST) to explain the role of the vagal mechanosensory system. Described here is our research journey through various stages of developing MST and the process of how the problem was identified, approached, and tackled. MST redefines conventional mechanosensor doctrines and is supported by new studies that clarify a century of research data. It entails reinterpretation of many established findings. Hopefully, this article will benefit young scientists, such as graduate and postdoctoral students in the cardiopulmonary sensory research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Yu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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8
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Brouns I, Adriaensen D, Timmermans JP. The pulmonary neuroepithelial body microenvironment represents an underestimated multimodal component in airway sensory pathways. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 36808710 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Exciting new imaging and molecular tools, combined with state-of-the-art genetically modified mouse models, have recently boosted interest in pulmonary (vagal) sensory pathway investigations. In addition to the identification of diverse sensory neuronal subtypes, visualization of intrapulmonary projection patterns attracted renewed attention on morphologically identified sensory receptor end-organs, such as the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) that have been our area of expertise for the past four decades. The current review aims at providing an overview of the cellular and neuronal components of the pulmonary NEB microenvironment (NEB ME) in mice, underpinning the role of these complexly organized structures in the mechano- and chemosensory potential of airways and lungs. Interestingly, the pulmonary NEB ME additionally harbors different types of stem cells, and emerging evidence suggests that the signal transduction pathways that are active in the NEB ME during lung development and repair also determine the origin of small cell lung carcinoma. Although documented for many years that NEBs appear to be affected in several pulmonary diseases, the current intriguing knowledge on the NEB ME seems to encourage researchers that are new to the field to explore the possibility that these versatile sensor-effector units may be involved in lung pathogenesis or pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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9
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Leonard EM, Weaver FE, Nurse CA. Lactate sensing by neuroepithelial cells isolated from the gills of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). J Exp Biol 2022; 225:285898. [PMID: 36420741 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactate is produced in most vertebrate cells as a by-product of anaerobic metabolism. In addition to its role as a fuel for many tissues, circulating lactate can act as a signalling molecule and stimulates ventilation in air- and water-breathing vertebrates. Recent evidence suggests lactate acts on O2- and CO2/H+-sensitive chemoreceptors located in the mammalian carotid body. While analogous receptors (neuroepithelial cells or NECs) in fish gills are presumed to also function as lactate sensors, direct evidence is lacking. Here, using ratiometric Fura-2 Ca2+ imaging, we show that chemosensitive NECs isolated from killifish gills respond to lactate (5-10 mmol l-1; pHe ∼7.8) with intracellular Ca2+ elevations. These responses were inhibited by an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (nifedipine; 0.5 µmol l-1), a monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) blocker (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate; 300 µmol l-1) or a competitive MCT substrate (pyruvate; 5 mmol l-1). These data provide the first direct evidence that gill NECs act as lactate sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Leonard
- Department of Biology, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Fiona E Weaver
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Colin A Nurse
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
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10
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Domnik NJ, Vincent SG, Fisher JT. Mechanosensitivity of Murine Lung Slowly Adapting Receptors: Minimal Impact of Chemosensory, Serotonergic, and Purinergic Signaling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:833665. [PMID: 35250636 PMCID: PMC8889033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.833665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine slowly adapting receptors (SARs) within airway smooth muscle provide volume-related feedback; however, their mechanosensitivity and morphology are incompletely characterized. We explored two aspects of SAR physiology: their inherent static mechanosensitivity and a potential link to pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). SAR mechanosensitivity displays a rate sensitivity linked to speed of inflation; however, to what extent static SAR mechanosensitivity is tuned for the very rapid breathing frequency (B f ) of small mammals (e.g., mouse) is unclear. NEB-associated, morphologically described smooth muscle-associated receptors (SMARs) may be a structural analog for functionally characterized SARs, suggesting functional linkages between SARs and NEBs. We addressed the hypotheses that: (1) rapid murine B f is associated with enhanced in vivo SAR static sensitivity; (2) if SARs and NEBs are functionally linked, stimuli reported to impact NEB function would alter SAR mechanosensitivity. We measured SAR action potential discharge frequency (AP f, action potentials/s) during quasi-static inflation [0-20 cmH2O trans-respiratory pressure (PTR)] in NEB-relevant conditions of hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.1), hypercarbia (FICO2 = 0.1), and pharmacologic intervention (serotonergic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, Tropisetron, 4.5 mg/kg; P2 purinergic receptor antagonist, Suramin, 50 mg/kg). In all protocols, we obtained: (1) AP f vs. PTR; (2) PTR threshold; and (3) AP f onset at PTR threshold. The murine AP f vs. PTR response comprises high AP f (average maximum AP f: 236.1 ± 11.1 AP/s at 20 cmH2O), a low PTR threshold (mean 2.0 ± 0.1 cmH2O), and a plateau in AP f between 15 and 20 cmH2O. Murine SAR mechanosensitivity (AP f vs. PTR) is up to 60% greater than that reported for larger mammals. Even the maximum difference between intervention and control conditions was minimally impacted by NEB-related alterations: Tropisetron -7.6 ± 1.8% (p = 0.005); Suramin -10.6 ± 1.5% (p = 0.01); hypoxia +9.3 ± 1.9% (p < 0.001); and hypercarbia -6.2 ± 0.9% (p < 0.001). We conclude that the high sensitivity of murine SARs to inflation provides enhanced resolution of operating lung volume, which is aligned with the rapid B f of the mouse. We found minimal evidence supporting a functional link between SARs and NEBs and speculate that the <10% change in SAR mechanosensitivity during altered NEB-related stimuli is not consistent with a meaningful physiologic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle J. Domnik
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra G. Vincent
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - John T. Fisher
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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11
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Kuo CS, Darmanis S, Diaz de Arce A, Liu Y, Almanzar N, Wu TTH, Quake SR, Krasnow MA. Neuroendocrinology of the lung revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. eLife 2022; 11:78216. [PMID: 36469459 PMCID: PMC9721618 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are sensory epithelial cells that transmit airway status to the brain via sensory neurons and locally via calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA). Several other neuropeptides and neurotransmitters have been detected in various species, but the number, targets, functions, and conservation of PNEC signals are largely unknown. We used scRNAseq to profile hundreds of the rare mouse and human PNECs. This revealed over 40 PNEC neuropeptide and peptide hormone genes, most cells expressing unique combinations of 5-18 genes. Peptides are packaged in separate vesicles, their release presumably regulated by the distinct, multimodal combinations of sensors we show are expressed by each PNEC. Expression of the peptide receptors predicts an array of local cell targets, and we show the new PNEC signal angiotensin directly activates one subtype of innervating sensory neuron. Many signals lack lung targets so may have endocrine activity like those of PNEC-derived carcinoid tumors. PNECs are an extraordinarily rich and diverse signaling hub rivaling the enteroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin S Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States,Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Spyros Darmanis
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Alex Diaz de Arce
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Nicole Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Timothy Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States,Chan-Zuckerburg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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12
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Dempsey JA, Neder JA, Phillips DB, O'Donnell DE. The physiology and pathophysiology of exercise hyperpnea. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 188:201-232. [PMID: 35965027 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91534-2.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In health, the near-eucapnic, highly efficient hyperpnea during mild-to-moderate intensity exercise is driven by three obligatory contributions, namely, feedforward central command from supra-medullary locomotor centers, feedback from limb muscle afferents, and respiratory CO2 exchange (V̇CO2). Inhibiting each of these stimuli during exercise elicits a reduction in hyperpnea even in the continuing presence of the other major stimuli. However, the relative contribution of each stimulus to the hyperpnea remains unknown as does the means by which V̇CO2 is sensed. Mediation of the hyperventilatory response to exercise in health is attributed to the multiple feedback and feedforward stimuli resulting from muscle fatigue. In patients with COPD, diaphragm EMG amplitude and its relation to ventilatory output are used to decipher mechanisms underlying the patients' abnormal ventilatory responses, dynamic lung hyperinflation and dyspnea during exercise. Key contributions to these exercise-limiting responses across the spectrum of COPD severity include high dead space ventilation, an excessive neural drive to breathe and highly fatigable limb muscles, together with mechanical constraints on ventilation. Major controversies concerning control of exercise hyperpnea are discussed along with the need for innovative research to uncover the link of metabolism to breathing in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A Dempsey
- John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital Campus, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Devin B Phillips
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital Campus, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital Campus, Kingston, ON, Canada
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13
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Gao ZW, Li L, Huang YY, Zhao CQ, Xue SJ, Chen J, Yang ZZ, Xu JF, Su X. Vagal-α7nAChR signaling is required for lung anti-inflammatory responses and arginase 1 expression during an influenza infection. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1642-1652. [PMID: 33414508 PMCID: PMC8463540 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagal circuit-α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR, coded by Chrna7) signaling can modulate lung proinflammatory responses. Arginase 1 (ARG1) plays a crucial role in the resolution of lung inflammation. However, whether vagal-α7nAChR signaling can regulate lung inflammation and ARG1 expression during an influenza infection is elusive. Here, we found that lung and spleen IL-4+ cells and lung ARG1 expression were reduced; however, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein and leukocytes and lung inflammatory cytokines were increased in PR8 (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934, H1N1)-infected vagotomized mice when compared to the control. In PR8-infected α7nAChR-deficient mice, lung Arg1, Il10, and Socs3 expression and BAL Ly6C+CD206+ cells were reduced. PR8-infected Chrna7+/+ recipient mice reconstituted with Chrna7-/- bone marrow had a lower survival as compared to PR8-infected Chrna7+/+ recipient mice reconstituted with Chrna7+/+ bone marrow. Mechanistically, the activation of α7nAChR by its agonist GTS-21 could enhance IL-4-induced Arg1 expression, reduced Nos2, and TNF-α expression in PR8-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Stimulation with IL-4 increased phosphorylation of STAT6 and activation of α7nAChR increased STAT6 binding with the ARG1 promoter and relieved IL-4-induced H3K27me3 methylation by increasing JMJD3 expression in PR8-infected BMDM. Inhibition of JMJD3 increased H3K27me3 methylation and abolished α7nAChR activation and IL-4 induced ARG1 expression. Activation of α7nAChR also reduced phosphorylation of AKT1 and contained FOXO1 in the nucleus. Knockdown of Foxo1a reduced α7nAChR activation and IL-4 induced Arg1 expression in PR8-infected BMDM. Therefore, vagal-α7nAChR signaling is a novel therapeutic target for treating lung inflammatory responses during an influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wei Gao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ling Li
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cai-Qi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuang-Jia Xue
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhong-Zhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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14
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Grigorev I, Korzhevskii D. Modern Imaging Technologies of Mast Cells for Biology and Medicine (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:93-107. [PMID: 34603768 PMCID: PMC8482833 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in the body defense against allergens, pathogens, and parasites by participating in inflammation development. However, there is evidence for their contributing to the pathogenesis of a number of atopic, autoimmune, as well as cardiovascular, oncologic, neurologic, and other diseases (allergy, asthma, eczema, rhinitis, anaphylaxis, mastocytosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases, migraine, etc.). The diagnosis of many diseases and the study of mast cell functions in health and disease require their identification; so, the knowledge on adequate imaging techniques for mast cells in humans and different species of animals is of particular importance. The present review summarizes the data on major methods of mast cell imaging: enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, as well as histochemistry using histological stains. The main histological stains bind to heparin and other acidic mucopolysaccharides contained in mast cells and stain them metachromatically. Among these are toluidine blue, methylene blue (including that contained in May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain), thionin, pinacyanol, and others. Safranin and fluorescent dyes: berberine and avidin - also bind to heparin. Longer staining with histological dyes or alcian blue staining is needed to label mucosal and immature mast cells. Advanced techniques - enzyme histochemistry and especially immunohistochemistry - enable to detect mast cells high-selectively using a reaction to tryptases and chymases (specific proteases of these cells). In the immunohistochemical study of tryptases and chymases, species-specific differences in the distribution of the proteases in mast cells of humans and animals should be taken into account for their adequate detection. The immunohistochemical reaction to immunoglobulin E receptor (FcεRI) and c-kit receptor is not specific to mast cells, although the latter is important to demonstrate their proliferation in normal and malignant growth. Correct fixation of biological material is also discussed in the review as it is of great significance for histochemical and immunohistochemical mast cell detection. Fluorescent methods of immunohistochemistry and a multimarker analysis in combination with confocal microscopy are reported to be new technological approaches currently used to study various mast cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.P. Grigorev
- Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Functional Morphology of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, Department of General and Specific Morphology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Akademika Pavlova St., Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - D.E. Korzhevskii
- Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Functional Morphology of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, Department of General and Specific Morphology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Akademika Pavlova St., Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
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15
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Brouns I, Verckist L, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, Adriaensen D. Pulmonary Sensory Receptors. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 233:1-65. [PMID: 33950466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65817-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium.
| | - Line Verckist
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
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16
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Abstract
The development of the control of breathing begins in utero and continues postnatally. Fetal breathing movements are needed for establishing connectivity between the lungs and central mechanisms controlling breathing. Maturation of the control of breathing, including the increase of hypoxia chemosensitivity, continues postnatally. Insufficient oxygenation, or hypoxia, is a major stressor that can manifest for different reasons in the fetus and neonate. Though the fetus and neonate have different hypoxia sensing mechanisms and respond differently to acute hypoxia, both responses prevent deviations to respiratory and other developmental processes. Intermittent and chronic hypoxia pose much greater threats to the normal developmental respiratory processes. Gestational intermittent hypoxia, due to maternal sleep-disordered breathing and sleep apnea, increases eupneic breathing and decreases the hypoxic ventilatory response associated with impaired gasping and autoresuscitation postnatally. Chronic fetal hypoxia, due to biologic or environmental (i.e. high-altitude) factors, is implicated in fetal growth restriction and preterm birth causing a decrease in the postnatal hypoxic ventilatory responses with increases in irregular eupneic breathing. Mechanisms driving these changes include delayed chemoreceptor development, catecholaminergic activity, abnormal myelination, increased astrocyte proliferation in the dorsal respiratory group, among others. Long-term high-altitude residents demonstrate favorable adaptations to chronic hypoxia as do their offspring. Neonatal intermittent hypoxia is common among preterm infants due to immature respiratory systems and thus, display a reduced drive to breathe and apneas due to insufficient hypoxic sensitivity. However, ongoing intermittent hypoxia can enhance hypoxic sensitivity causing ventilatory overshoots followed by apnea; the number of apneas is positively correlated with degree of hypoxic sensitivity in preterm infants. Chronic neonatal hypoxia may arise from fetal complications like maternal smoking or from postnatal cardiovascular problems, causing blunting of the hypoxic ventilatory responses throughout at least adolescence due to attenuation of carotid body fibers responses to hypoxia with potential roles of brainstem serotonin, microglia, and inflammation, though these effects depend on the age in which chronic hypoxia initiates. Fetal and neonatal intermittent and chronic hypoxia are implicated in preterm birth and complicate the respiratory system through their direct effects on hypoxia sensing mechanisms and interruptions to the normal developmental processes. Thus, precise regulation of oxygen homeostasis is crucial for normal development of the respiratory control network. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1653-1677, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C. Mouradian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Satyan Lakshminrusimha
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Children’s Hospital, UC Davis Health, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Girija G. Konduri
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Functional Exploration of the Pulmonary NEB ME. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 233:31-67. [PMID: 33950469 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65817-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Koudrina N, Perry SF, Gilmour KM. The role of TASK-2 channels in CO 2 sensing in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R329-R342. [PMID: 32697653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00132.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral chemosensitivity in fishes is thought to be mediated by serotonin-enriched neuroepithelial cells (NECs) that are localized to the gills of adults and the integument of larvae. In adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), branchial NECs are presumed to mediate the cardiorespiratory reflexes associated with hypoxia or hypercapnia, whereas in larvae, there is indirect evidence linking cutaneous NECs to hypoxic hyperventilation and hypercapnic tachycardia. No study yet has examined the ventilatory response of larval zebrafish to hypercapnia, and regardless of developmental stage, the signaling pathways involved in CO2 sensing remain unclear. In the mouse, a background potassium channel (TASK-2) contributes to the sensitivity of chemoreceptor cells to CO2. Zebrafish possess two TASK-2 channel paralogs, TASK-2 and TASK-2b, encoded by kcnk5a and kcnk5b, respectively. The present study aimed to determine whether TASK-2 channels are expressed in NECs of larval zebrafish and whether they are involved in CO2 sensing. Using immunohistochemical approaches, TASK-2 protein was observed on the surface of NECs in larvae. Exposure of larvae to hypercapnia caused cardiac and breathing frequencies to increase, and these responses were blunted in fish experiencing TASK-2 and/or TASK-2b knockdown. The results of these experiments suggest that TASK-2 channels are involved in CO2 sensing by NECs and contribute to the initiation of reflex cardiorespiratory responses during exposure of larvae to hypercapnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Koudrina
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S F Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K M Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Zhao L, Gao X, Zhuang J, Wallen M, Leng S, Xu F. Prolongation of bronchopulmonary C-fiber-mediated apnea by prenatal nicotinic exposure in rat pups: role of 5-HT 3 receptors. FASEB J 2019; 33:10731-10741. [PMID: 31251077 PMCID: PMC6766661 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900279rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal nicotinic exposure (PNE) reportedly sensitizes bronchopulmonary C-fibers (PCFs) and prolongs PCF-mediated apnea in rat pups, contributing to the pathogenesis of sudden infant death syndrome. Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), induces apnea via acting on 5-HT receptor 3 (5-HT3R) in PCFs, and among the 5-HT3R subunits, 5-HT3B is responsible for shortening the decay time of 5-HT3R-mediated currents. We examined whether PNE would promote pulmonary 5-HT secretion and prolong the apnea mediated by 5-HT3Rs in PCFs via affecting the 5-HT3B subunit. To this end, the following variables were compared between the control and PNE rat pups: 1) the 5-HT content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, 2) the apneic response to the right atrial bolus injection of phenylbiguanide (a 5-HT3R agonist) before and after PCF inactivation, 3) 5-HT3R currents and the stimulus threshold of the action currents of vagal pulmonary C-neurons, and 4) the immunoreactivity (IR) and mRNA expression of 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B in these neurons. Our results showed that PNE up-regulated the pulmonary 5-HT concentration and strengthened the PCF 5-HT3R-mediated apnea. PNE significantly facilitated neural excitability by shortening the decay time of 5-HT3R currents, lowering the stimulus threshold, and increasing 5-HT3B IR. In summary, PNE prolongs the apnea mediated by 5-HT3Rs in PCFs, likely by increasing 5-HT3B subunits to enhance the excitability of 5-HT3 channels.-Zhao, L., Gao, X., Zhuang, J., Wallen, M., Leng, S., Xu, F. Prolongation of bronchopulmonary C-fiber-mediated apnea by prenatal nicotinic exposure in rat pups: role of 5-HT3 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apnea/etiology
- Apnea/genetics
- Apnea/physiopathology
- Biguanides/administration & dosage
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/innervation
- Lung/physiopathology
- Male
- Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/physiology
- Nicotine/administration & dosage
- Nicotine/toxicity
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/etiology
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/physiopathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/physiology
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage
- Sudden Infant Death/etiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Pathophysiological Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xiuping Gao
- Pathophysiological Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jianguo Zhuang
- Pathophysiological Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Morgan Wallen
- Department of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Pathophysiological Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Fadi Xu
- Pathophysiological Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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20
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Recent Developments in mRNA-Based Protein Supplementation Therapy to Target Lung Diseases. Mol Ther 2019; 27:803-823. [PMID: 30905577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation therapy using in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA for genetic diseases contains huge potential as a new class of therapy. From the early ages of synthetic mRNA discovery, a great number of studies showed the versatile use of IVT mRNA as a novel approach to supplement faulty or absent protein and also as a vaccine. Many modifications have been made to produce high expressions of mRNA causing less immunogenicity and more stability. Recent advancements in the in vivo lung delivery of mRNA complexed with various carriers encouraged the whole mRNA community to tackle various genetic lung diseases. This review gives a comprehensive overview of cells associated with various lung diseases and recent advancements in mRNA-based protein replacement therapy. This review also covers a brief summary of developments in mRNA modifications and nanocarriers toward clinical translation.
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21
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Thornell IM, Li X, Tang XX, Brommel CM, Karp PH, Welsh MJ, Zabner J. Nominal carbonic anhydrase activity minimizes airway-surface liquid pH changes during breathing. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29380953 PMCID: PMC5789725 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway-surface liquid pH (pHASL ) is slightly acidic relative to the plasma and becomes more acidic in airway diseases, leading to impaired host defense. CO2 in the large airways decreases during inspiration (0.04% CO2 ) and increases during expiration (5% CO2 ). Thus, we hypothesized that pHASL would fluctuate during the respiratory cycle. We measured pHASL on cultures of airway epithelia while changing apical CO2 concentrations. Changing apical CO2 produced only very slow pHASL changes, occurring in minutes, inconsistent with respiratory phases that occur in a few seconds. We hypothesized that pH changes were slow because airway-surface liquid has little carbonic anhydrase activity. To test this hypothesis, we applied the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide and found minimal effects on CO2 -induced pHASL changes. In contrast, adding carbonic anhydrase significantly increased the rate of change in pHASL . Using pH-dependent rates obtained from these experiments, we modeled the pHASL during respiration to further understand how pH changes with physiologic and pathophysiologic respiratory cycles. Modeled pHASL oscillations were small and affected by the respiration rate, but not the inspiratory:expiratory ratio. Modeled equilibrium pHASL was affected by the inspiratory:expiratory ratio, but not the respiration rate. The airway epithelium is the only tissue that is exposed to large and rapid CO2 fluctuations. We speculate that the airways may have evolved minimal carbonic anhydrase activity to mitigate large changes in the pHASL during breathing that could potentially affect pH-sensitive components of ASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Thornell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Philip H Karp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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22
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Garg A, Sui P, Verheyden JM, Young LR, Sun X. Consider the lung as a sensory organ: A tip from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:67-89. [PMID: 30797518 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While the lung is commonly known for its gas exchange function, it is exposed to signals in the inhaled air and responds to them by collaborating with other systems including immune cells and the neural circuit. This important aspect of lung physiology led us to consider the lung as a sensory organ. Among different cell types within the lung that mediate this role, several recent studies have renewed attention on pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). PNECs are a rare, innervated airway epithelial cell type that accounts for <1% of the lung epithelium population. They are enriched at airway branch points. Classical in vitro studies have shown that PNECs can respond to an array of aerosol stimuli such as hypoxia, hypercapnia and nicotine. Recent in vivo evidence suggests an essential role of PNECs at neuroimmunomodulatory sites of action, releasing neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and facilitating asthmatic responses to allergen. In addition, evidence supports that PNECs can function both as progenitor cells and progenitor niches following airway epithelial injury. Increases in PNECs have been documented in a large array of chronic lung diseases. They are also the cells-of-origin for small cell lung cancer. A better understanding of the specificity of their responses to distinct insults, their impact on normal lung function and their roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary ailments will be the next challenge toward designing therapeutics targeting the neuroendocrine system in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pengfei Sui
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jamie M Verheyden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Center for Childhood Lung Research, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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23
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Abstract
Respiratory chemoreceptors in vertebrates are specialized cells that detect chemical changes in the environment or arterial blood supply and initiate autonomic responses, such as hyperventilation or changes in heart rate, to improve O2 uptake and delivery to tissues. These chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in O2, CO2 and/or H+. In fish and mammals, respiratory chemoreceptors may be additionally sensitive to ammonia, hypoglycemia, and numerous other stimuli. Thus, chemoreceptors that affect respiration respond to different types of stimuli (or modalities) and are considered to be "polymodal". This review discusses the polymodal nature of respiratory chemoreceptors in vertebrates with a particular emphasis on chemoreceptors of the carotid body and pulmonary epithelium in mammals, and on neuroepithelial cells in water- and air-breathing fish. A major goal will be to examine the evidence for putative polymodal chemoreceptors in fish within the context of studies on mammalian models, for which polymodal chemoreceptors are well described, in order to improve our understanding of the evolution of polymodal chemoreceptors in vertebrates, and to aid in future studies that aim to identify putative receptors in air- and water-breathing fish.
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曲 良, 严 金, 蒋 章, 宋 志, 罗 佛, 彭 清. [Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound pretreatment inhibits HMGB1 expression and attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1061-1065. [PMID: 30377098 PMCID: PMC6744187 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.09.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) pretreatment on pulmonary expression of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in a rat model of lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR). METHODS Thirty-two male SpragueDawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided (n=8) into sham-operated group, lung IR group, LIPUS pretreatment group and pretreatment with α7-nicotinic cholinergic receptor (α7nAChR) antagonist group. In the sham-operated group, the left pulmonary hilum was dissociated without occlusion; in the other 3 groups, the left pulmonary hilum was occluded for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min; LIPUS pretreatment for 30 min and intraperitoneal injection of methyllycaconitine (2 mg/kg), an α7nAChR antagonist, were administered before the operation. The wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and pulmonary permeability index (LPI) of the lung tissue were measured, and the lung histopathology was observed and scored. The contents of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 in the lung tissues were measured using ELISA, and the pulmonary expression of HMGB1 protein was detected using immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with those in the sham-operated group, the W/D of the lung tissue, LPI, pathological scores, IL-1 and IL-6 contents in the lung tissue, and pulmonary HMGB1 expression all significantly increased in the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). LIPUS preconditioning significantly lowered the W/D values, LPI, pathological score, IL-1 and IL-6 contents and HMGB1 expression in the lung tissues following lung IR, and these effects were significantly inhibited by administration of methyllycaconitine. CONCLUSIONS LIPUS preconditioning can reduce lung IR injury possibly by activating α7nAChR-dependent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to reduce lung tissue HMGB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- 良超 曲
- />南昌大学第一附属医院麻醉科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - 金秀 严
- />南昌大学第一附属医院麻醉科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - 章颉 蒋
- />南昌大学第一附属医院麻醉科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - 志平 宋
- />南昌大学第一附属医院麻醉科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - 佛全 罗
- />南昌大学第一附属医院麻醉科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - 清华 彭
- />南昌大学第一附属医院麻醉科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality, likely comprises heterogeneous disorders with the common phenotype of sudden death without explanation upon postmortem investigation. Previously, we reported that ∼40% of SIDS deaths are associated with abnormalities in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in regions of the brainstem critical in homeostatic regulation. Here we tested the hypothesis that SIDS is associated with an alteration in serum 5-HT levels. Serum 5-HT, adjusted for postconceptional age, was significantly elevated (95%) in SIDS infants (n = 61) compared with autopsied controls (n = 15) [SIDS, 177.2 ± 15.1 (mean ± SE) ng/mL versus controls, 91.1 ± 30.6 ng/mL] (P = 0.014), as determined by ELISA. This increase was validated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Thirty-one percent (19/61) of SIDS cases had 5-HT levels greater than 2 SDs above the mean of the controls, thus defining a subset of SIDS cases with elevated 5-HT. There was no association between genotypes of the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism and serum 5-HT level. This study demonstrates that SIDS is associated with peripheral abnormalities in the 5-HT pathway. High serum 5-HT may serve as a potential forensic biomarker in autopsied infants with SIDS with serotonergic defects.
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Taweevisit M, Theerasantipong B, Taothong K, Thorner PS. Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia in Hemoglobin Bart-induced Hydrops Fetalis: A model for Chronic Intrauterine Hypoxia. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017; 20:298-307. [PMID: 28727978 DOI: 10.1177/1093526617693121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary neuroendocrine system includes pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) that are distributed throughout respiratory epithelium and regulate lung growth and maturation antenatally. Abnormalities in this system have been linked to many hypoxia-associated pediatric pulmonary disorders. Hemoglobin (Hb) Bart disease is a severe form of α-thalassemia resulting in marked intrauterine hypoxia with hydrops fetalis (HF) and usually death in utero. Affected fetuses can serve as a naturally occurring human model for the effects of intrauterine hypoxia, and we postulated that these effects should include changes in the pulmonary neuroendocrine system. Bombesin immunostaining was used to assess PNECs and NEBs in stillborn fetuses with Hb Bart HF ( n = 16) and with HF from other causes ( n = 14) in comparison to non-HF controls. Hb Bart HF showed a significant increase in the proportion of PNECs in respiratory epithelium ( P = .002), mean number of NEB nuclei ( P = .03), and mean size of NEBs ( P = .002), compared to normal non-HF controls. Significant differences were not observed between HF due to other causes and non-HF controls with normal lungs. Non-HF controls with pulmonary hypoplasia showed significant increases in PNECs compared to HF cases not due to Hb Bart HF, implying HF alone does not cause such increases. In contrast, no significant differences were noted between non-HF controls with pulmonary hypoplasia and Hb Bart cases. Hb Bart HF may provide a useful model for studying the pulmonary neuroendocrine system under chronic intrauterine hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Taweevisit
- 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boochit Theerasantipong
- 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanlaya Taothong
- 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Scott Thorner
- 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Verckist L, Lembrechts R, Thys S, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, Brouns I, Adriaensen D. Selective gene expression analysis of the neuroepithelial body microenvironment in postnatal lungs with special interest for potential stem cell characteristics. Respir Res 2017; 18:87. [PMID: 28482837 PMCID: PMC5422937 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pulmonary neuroepithelial body (NEB) microenvironment (ME) consists of innervated cell clusters that occur sparsely distributed in the airway epithelium, an organization that has so far hampered reliable selective gene expression analysis. Although the NEB ME has been suggested to be important for airway epithelial repair after ablation, little is known about their potential stem cell characteristics in healthy postnatal lungs. Here we report on a large-scale selective gene expression analysis of the NEB ME. METHODS A GAD67-GFP mouse model was used that harbors GFP-fluorescent NEBs, allowing quick selection and pooling by laser microdissection (LMD) without further treatment. A panel of stem cell-related PCR arrays was used to selectively compare mRNA expression in the NEB ME to control airway epithelium (CAE). For genes that showed a higher expression in the NEB ME, a ranking was made based on the relative expression level. Single qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to validate and quantify the PCR array data. RESULTS Careful optimization of all protocols appeared to be essential to finally obtain high-quality RNA from pooled LMD samples of NEB ME. About 30% of the more than 600 analyzed genes showed an at least two-fold higher expression compared to CAE. The gene that showed the highest relative expression in the NEB ME, Delta-like ligand 3 (Dll3), was investigated in more detail. Selective Dll3 gene expression in the NEB ME could be quantified via single qPCR experiments, and Dll3 protein expression could be localized specifically to NEB cell surface membranes. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasized the importance of good protocols and RNA quality controls because of the, often neglected, fast RNA degradation in postnatal lung samples. It was shown that sufficient amounts of high-quality RNA for reliable complex gene expression analysis can be obtained from pooled LMD-collected NEB ME samples of postnatal lungs. Dll3 expression, which has also been reported to be important in high-grade pulmonary tumor-initiating cells, was used as a proof-of-concept to confirm that the described methodology represents a promising tool for further unraveling the molecular basis of NEB ME physiology in general, and its postnatal stem cell capacities in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Verckist
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Lembrechts
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sofie Thys
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Zhao C, Yang X, Su EM, Huang Y, Li L, Matthay MA, Su X. Signals of vagal circuits engaging with AKT1 in α7 nAChR +CD11b + cells lessen E. coli and LPS-induced acute inflammatory injury. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17009. [PMID: 28529765 PMCID: PMC5419718 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal circuits-α7 nAChR (α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, coded by Chrna7) signaling utilizes spleen as a hub to dampen systemic inflammatory responses. Vagal innervations also extend to the distal airways and alveoli. Vagotomy and deficiency of α7 nAChR deteriorate E. coli and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung inflammatory responses; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we hypothesized that vagal circuits would limit splenic release and lung recruitment of α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells (CD11b is coded by Itgam, a surface marker of monocytes and neutrophils) via phosphorylation of AKT1 and that this process would define the severity of lung injury. Using both E. coli and LPS-induced lung injury mouse models, we found that vagotomy augmented splenic egress and lung recruitment of α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells, and consequently worsened lung inflammatory responses. Rescue of vagotomy with an α7 nAChR agonist preserved α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells in the spleen, suppressed recruitment of these cells to the lung and attenuated lung inflammatory responses. Vagal signals via α7 nAChR promoted serine473 phosphorylation of AKT1 in α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells and stabilized these cells in the spleen. Deletion of Akt1 enhanced splenic egress and lung recruitment of α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells, which elicited neutrophil-infiltrated lung inflammation and injury. Vagotomy and double deletion of Chrna7 and Itgam reduced serine473 phosphorylation of AKT1 in the spleen and BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) Ly6CintGr1hi neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes, and they facilitated the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to the airspaces of E. coli-injured lungs. Double deletion of Chrna7 and Itgam increased lung recruitment of monocytes and/or neutrophils and deteriorated E. coli and LPS-induced lung injury. Thus, signals of vagal circuits engaging with AKT1 in α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells attenuate E. coli and LPS-induced acute lung inflammatory responses. Targeting this signaling pathway could provide novel therapeutic strategies for treating acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Emily M Su
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Ayaz G, Halici Z, Albayrak A, Karakus E, Cadirci E. Evaluation of 5-HT7 Receptor Trafficking on In Vivo and In Vitro Model of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammatory Cell Injury in Rats and LPS-Treated A549 Cells. Biochem Genet 2016; 55:34-47. [PMID: 27586707 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the 5-HT7 receptor agonist (LP44) and antagonist (SB269970) on LPS-induced in vivo tissue damage and cell culture by molecular methods. This study was conducted in two steps. For in vivo studies, 24 female rats were divided into four groups. Group I: healthy; II (2nd h): LPS 5 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally (i.p.); III (4th h): LPS 5 mg/kg administered i.p.; IV (8th h): LPS 5 mg/kg administered i.p. For in vitro studies, we used the A549 cell line. Groups: I control (healthy) (2-4 h); II LPS: 1 µg/ml E. Coli O55:B5 strain (2-4 h); III agonist (LP44) 10-9 M (2-4 h); IV antagonist (SB269970) 10-9 M (2-4 h); V LPS+agonist 10-9 M (LP44 1 µg/ml) (2-4 h); VI LPS+antagonist 10-9 M (2-4 h). In molecular analyses, we determined increased TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, and 5-HT7 mRNA expressions in rat lung tissues and increased TNF-α, iNOS, and 5-HT7 mRNA expressions in the A549 cell line. In in vitro parameters, LP44 agonist administration-related decrease was observed. Our study showed that lung 5-HT7 receptor expression is increased in LPS-induced endotoxemia. All this data suggest that 5-HT7 receptor overexpression is an important protective mechanism during LPS-induced sepsis-related cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Campus, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Campus, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulmecit Albayrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Campus, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Emre Karakus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Cadirci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Campus, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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30
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Swenson ER. How and why transient testing may better reveal peripheral chemoreceptor function in humans. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:375-6. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Córdoba-Rodríguez G, Vargas MH, Ruiz V, Carbajal V, Campos-Bedolla P, Mercadillo-Herrera P, Arreola-Ramírez JL, Segura-Medina P. Allergic sensitization modifies the pulmonary expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in guinea pigs. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 223:9-15. [PMID: 26657047 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) plays a role in asthma. However, scarce information exists about the pulmonary expression of 5-HT receptors and its modification after allergic sensitization. In the present work, we explored the expression of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-ht5a, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors in lungs from control and sensitized guinea pigs through qPCR and Western blot. In control animals, mRNA from all receptors was detectable in lung homogenates, especially from 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 receptors. Sensitized animals had decreased mRNA expression of 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 receptors and increased that of 5-HT7 receptor. In contrast, they had increased protein expression of 5-HT2A receptor in bronchial epithelium and of 5-HT4 receptor in lung parenchyma. The degree of airway response to the allergic challenge was inversely correlated with mRNA expression of the 5-HT1A receptor. In summary, our results showed that major 5-HT receptor subtypes are constitutively expressed in the guinea pig lung, and that allergic sensitization modifies the expression of 5-HT2A, 5-HT4, and 5-HT7 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Córdoba-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México DF, Mexico
| | - Mario H Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México DF, Mexico
| | - Víctor Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México DF, Mexico
| | - Verónica Carbajal
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México DF, Mexico
| | - Patricia Campos-Bedolla
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México DF, Mexico
| | | | - José Luis Arreola-Ramírez
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México DF, Mexico
| | - Patricia Segura-Medina
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México DF, Mexico.
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Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) are widely distributed throughout the airway mucosa of mammalian lung as solitary cells and as distinctive innervated clusters, neuroepithelial bodies (NEB). These cells differentiate early during lung development and are more prominent in fetal/neonatal lungs compared to adults. PNEC/NEB cells produce biogenic amine (serotonin) and a variety of peptides (i.e., bombesin) involved in regulation of lung function. During the perinatal period, NEB are thought to function as airway O(2)/CO(2) sensors. Increased numbers of PNEC/NEBs have been observed in a variety of perinatal and postnatal lung disorders. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology of these cells, as they relate to perinatal and postnatal lung disorders associated with PNEC/NEB cell hyperplasia are reviewed and their possible role in pulmonary pathobiology discussed (WC 125).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Cutz
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G1x8; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Swenson ER. Pharmacology of acute mountain sickness: old drugs and newer thinking. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:204-15. [PMID: 26294748 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00443.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy in acute mountain sickness (AMS) for the past half century has largely rested on the use of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, such as acetazolamide, and corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone. The benefits of CA inhibitors are thought to arise from their known ventilatory stimulation and resultant greater arterial oxygenation from inhibition of renal CA and generation of a mild metabolic acidosis. The benefits of corticosteroids include their broad-based anti-inflammatory and anti-edemagenic effects. What has emerged from more recent work is the strong likelihood that drugs in both classes act on other pathways and signaling beyond their classical actions to prevent and treat AMS. For the CA inhibitors, these include reduction in aquaporin-mediated transmembrane water transport, anti-oxidant actions, vasodilation, and anti-inflammatory effects. In the case of corticosteroids, these include protection against increases in vascular endothelial and blood-brain barrier permeability, suppression of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species production, and sympatholysis. The loci of action of both classes of drug include the brain, but may also involve the lung as revealed by benefits that arise with selective administration to the lungs by inhalation. Greater understanding of their pluripotent actions and sites of action in AMS may help guide development of better drugs with more selective action and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Swenson
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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