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Elhady SS, Goda MS, Mehanna ET, El-Sayed NM, Hazem RM, Elfaky MA, Almalki AJ, Mohamed MS, Abdelhameed RFA. Ziziphus spina-christi L. extract attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice via regulating TGF-β1/SMAD pathway: LC-MS/MS Metabolic profiling, chemical composition, and histology studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116823. [PMID: 38834008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ancient Egyptians (including Bedouins and Nubians) have long utilized Ziziphus spina-christi (L.), a traditional Arabian medicinal herb, to alleviate swellings and inflammatory disorders. It is also mentioned in Christian and Muslim traditions. Ziziphus spina-christi L. (Family: Rhamnaceae) is a plentiful source of polyphenols, revealing free radical scavenging, antioxidant, metal chelating, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, different classes of the existing bioactive metabolites in Z. spina-christi L. were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the first time. The study also aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties of Z. spina-christi L. extract against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in an experimental mouse model. 32 male Swiss Albino mice were assigned into 4 groups; the first and second were the normal control group and the bleomycin positive control (single 2.5 U/kg bleomycin intratracheal dose). The third and fourth groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg/day Z. spina-christi L. extract orally for 3 weeks, 2 weeks before bleomycin, and 1 week after. The bioactive metabolites in Z. spina-christi L. extract were identified as phenolic acids, catechins, flavonoids, chalcones, stilbenes, triterpenoid acids, saponins, and sterols. The contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found to be 196.62 mg GAE/gm and 33.29 mg QE/gm, respectively. In the experimental study, histopathological examination revealed that lung fibrosis was attenuated in both Z. spina-christi L.- treated groups. Z. spina-christi L. extract downregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and decreased levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in lung tissue. Z. spina-christi L. also downregulated the expression of the fibrotic parameters collagen-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and SMAD3, with upregulation of the antifibrotic SMAD7 in lung tissue. Overall, the present study suggests a potential protective effect of Z. spina-christi L. extract against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through regulation of the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Elhady
- King Abdulaziz University Herbarium, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa S Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Reem M Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Suliman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khartoum University, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Reda F A Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt.
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Weckerle J, Mayr CH, Fundel-Clemens K, Lämmle B, Boryn L, Thomas MJ, Bretschneider T, Luippold AH, Huber HJ, Viollet C, Rist W, Veyel D, Ramirez F, Klee S, Kästle M. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Changes Driving Pulmonary Fibrosis Resolution in Young and Old Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:422-440. [PMID: 37411041 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0012oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice mimics major hallmarks of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Yet in this model, it spontaneously resolves over time. We studied molecular mechanisms of fibrosis resolution and lung repair, focusing on transcriptional and proteomic signatures and the effect of aging. Old mice showed incomplete and delayed lung function recovery 8 weeks after bleomycin instillation. This shift in structural and functional repair in old bleomycin-treated mice was reflected in a temporal shift in gene and protein expression. We reveal gene signatures and signaling pathways that underpin the lung repair process. Importantly, the downregulation of WNT, BMP, and TGFβ antagonists Frzb, Sfrp1, Dkk2, Grem1, Fst, Fstl1, and Inhba correlated with lung function improvement. Those genes constitute a network with functions in stem cell pathways, wound, and pulmonary healing. We suggest that insufficient and delayed downregulation of those antagonists during fibrosis resolution in old mice explains the impaired regenerative outcome. Together, we identified signaling pathway molecules with relevance to lung regeneration that should be tested in-depth experimentally as potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bärbel Lämmle
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, and
| | | | | | - Tom Bretschneider
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany; and
| | - Andreas H Luippold
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany; and
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Rist
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany; and
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany; and
| | - Fidel Ramirez
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, and
| | - Stephan Klee
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research
| | - Marc Kästle
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research
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Horan G, Ye Y, Adams M, Parton A, Cedzik D, Tang S, Brown EA, Liu L, Nissel J, Carayannopoulos LN, Gaudy A, Schafer P, Palmisano M, Ramirez-Valle F. Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antifibrotic Activity of CC-90001 (BMS-986360), a c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor, in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023. [PMID: 37378860 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Approved treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have tolerability concerns and limited efficacy. CC-90001, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, is under investigation as a therapy for fibrotic diseases. A Phase 1b safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics study of oral CC-90001 (100, 200, or 400 mg) administered once daily for 12 weeks was conducted in patients with pulmonary fibrosis (NCT02510937). Sixteen patients with a mean age of 68 years were studied. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were nausea and headache; all events were of mild or moderate intensity. Pharmacokinetic profiles were similar between the patients in this trial and healthy adults in previous studies. Forced vital capacity increased in the 200- and 400-mg cohorts from baseline to Week 12, and dose-dependent reductions in fibrosis biomarkers were observed. Antifibrotic activity of CC-90001 was also evaluated in vitro in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated cells. CC-90001 reduced in vitro profibrotic gene expression in both lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, supporting a potential direct antifibrotic action of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibition in either or both cell types. Overall, CC-90001 was generally safe and well tolerated, and treatment was associated with forced vital capacity improvement and reductions in profibrotic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Ye
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mary Adams
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim Nissel
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Sun HN, Ren CX, Lee DH, Wang WH, Guo XY, Hao YY, Wang XM, Zhang HN, Xiao WQ, Li N, Cong J, Han YH, Kwon T. PRDX1 negatively regulates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung fibroblast proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:48. [PMID: 37268886 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a major category of end-stage changes in lung diseases, characterized by lung epithelial cell damage, proliferation of fibroblasts, and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), a member of the peroxiredoxin protein family, participates in the regulation of the levels of reactive oxygen species in cells and various other physiological activities, as well as the occurrence and development of diseases by functioning as a chaperonin. METHODS Experimental methods including MTT assay, morphological observation of fibrosis, wound healing assay, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot, transcriptome sequencing, and histopathological analysis were used in this study. RESULTS PRDX1 knockdown increased ROS levels in lung epithelial cells and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. PRDX1 knockout significantly increased TGF-β secretion, ROS production, and cell migration in primary lung fibroblasts. PRDX1 deficiency also increased cell proliferation, cell cycle circulation, and fibrosis progression through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. BLM treatment induced more severe pulmonary fibrosis in PRDX1-knockout mice, mainly through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that PRDX1 is a key molecule in BLM-induced lung fibrosis progression and acts through modulating EMT and lung fibroblast proliferation; therefore, it may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of BLM-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Nan Sun
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chen-Xi Ren
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Hao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Yabian Academy of Agricultural Science, Longjing, Jilin, 1334000, China
| | - Hui-Na Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Xiao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Cong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 351-33 Neongme-Gil, Ibam-Myeon, Jeongeup-Si, Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Cooley JC, Javkhlan N, Wilson JA, Foster DG, Edelman BL, Ortiz LA, Schwartz DA, Riches DW, Redente EF. Inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins with ABT-263 induces fibroblast apoptosis, reversing persistent pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163762. [PMID: 36752201 PMCID: PMC9977433 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILDs) carry a poor prognosis and have limited therapeutic options. A hallmark feature is fibroblast resistance to apoptosis, leading to their persistence, accumulation, and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. A complex balance of the B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein family controlling the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and fibroblast reliance on antiapoptotic proteins has been hypothesized to contribute to this resistant phenotype. Examination of lung tissue from patients with PF-ILD (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and silicosis) and mice with PF-ILD (repetitive bleomycin and silicosis) showed increased expression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members in α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts, suggesting that fibroblasts from fibrotic lungs may exhibit increased susceptibility to inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W with the BH3 mimetic ABT-263. We used 2 murine models of PF-ILD to test the efficacy of ABT-263 in reversing established persistent pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment with ABT-263 induced fibroblast apoptosis, decreased fibroblast numbers, and reduced lung collagen levels, radiographic disease, and histologically evident fibrosis. Our studies provide insight into how fibroblasts gain resistance to apoptosis and become sensitive to the therapeutic inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins. By targeting profibrotic fibroblasts, ABT-263 offers a promising therapeutic option for PF-ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Cooley
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nomin Javkhlan
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Wilson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel G. Foster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David W.H. Riches
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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6
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Zhang A, Zou Y, Xu Q, Tian S, Wang J, Li Y, Dong R, Zhang L, Jiang J, Wang L, Tao K, Meng Z, Liu Y. Investigation of the Pharmacological Effect and Mechanism of Jinbei Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919388. [PMID: 35784749 PMCID: PMC9240387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease caused by many factors, eventually resulting in lung function failure. Jinbei oral liquid (JBOL) is a traditional Chinese clinical medicine used to treat pulmonary diseases. However, the pharmacological effects and mechanism of the action of JBOL on IPF remain unclear. This study investigated the protective effects and mechanism of the action of JBOL on IPF using network pharmacology analysis, followed by in vivo and in vitro experimental validation. Methods: The components of JBOL and their targets were screened using the TCMSP database. IPF-associated genes were obtained using DisGeNET and Drugbank. The common targets of JBOL and IPF were identified with the STRING database, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. GO and KEGG analyses were performed. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with bleomycin (BLM) to establish an IPF model and treated orally with JBOL at doses of 5.4, 10.8, and 21.6 ml/kg. A dose of 54 mg/kg of pirfenidone was used as a control. All rats were treated for 28 successive days. Dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn), minute ventilation volume (MVV), vital capacity (VC), and lung resistance (LR) were used to evaluate the efficacy of JBOL. TGF-β-treated A549 cells were exposed to JBOL, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes were assessed. Western blots were performed. Results: Two hundred seventy-eight compounds and 374 targets were screened, and 103 targets related to IPF were identified. Core targets, including MAPK1 (ERK2), MAPK14 (p38), JUN, IL-6, AKT, and others, were identified by constructing a PPI network. Several pathways were involved, including the MAPK pathway. Experimentally, JBOL increased the levels of the pulmonary function indices (Cdyn, MVV, and VC) in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the RL level in the BLM-treated rats. JBOL increased the epithelial marker E-cadherin and suppressed the mesenchymal marker vimentin expression in the TGF-β-treated A549 cells. The suppression of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation by JBOL was validated. Conclusion: JBOL had therapeutic effects against IPF by regulating pulmonary function and EMT through a systemic network mechanism, thus supporting the need for future clinical trials of JBOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Yixuan Zou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingcui Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Renchao Dong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liangzong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Juanjuan Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Kai Tao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shandong Hongji-tang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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7
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Fathimath Muneesa M, Barki RR, Shaikh SB, Bhandary YP. Curcumin intervention during progressive fibrosis controls inflammatory cytokines and the fibrinolytic system in pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116116. [PMID: 35716765 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent injuries and chronic inflammation paired with dysregulated healing process in the lungs leads to scarring and stiffening of the tissue leading to a condition called pulmonary fibrosis. There is no efficacious therapy against the condition because of the poorly understood pathophysiology of the disease. Curcumin is well known anti-inflammatory natural compound and is shown to have beneficial effects in many diseases. It is also reported to show antifibrotic activities in pulmonary fibrosis. There are evidences that fibrinolytic system plays a crucial role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We aimed to see whether curcumin could regulate inflammation and fibrinolysis in murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. We prepared BLM induced pulmonary fibrosis model by administering BLM at a dose of 2 mg/ kg bodyweight. Curcumin (75 mg/kg body wt) was instilled intraperitoneally on different time points. The effect of curcumin on inflammatory cytokines and fibrinolytic system was studied using molecular biology techniques like RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. We observed that BLM brought changes in the expressions of components in the fibrinolytic system, i.e. BLM favoured fibrin deposition by increasing the expression of PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor) and decreasing the expression of uPA (Urokinase plasminogen activator) and uPAR (Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor). We also demonstrate that curcumin could restore the normal expression of fibrinolytic components, uPA, uPAR and PAI-1. Curcumin could also minimize the expression of key enzymes in tissue remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis, MMP-2 and MMP-9, which were elevated in the BLM treated group. Our data suggest that curcumin exerts an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effect in lungs. We highlight curcumin as a feasible adjuvant therapy option against pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fathimath Muneesa
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi R Barki
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; Rahman Lab, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Yashodhar P Bhandary
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Popmihajlov Z, Sutherland DJ, Horan GS, Ghosh A, Lynch DA, Noble PW, Richeldi L, Reiss TF, Greenberg S. CC-90001, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, in patients with pulmonary fibrosis: design of a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001060. [PMID: 35058236 PMCID: PMC8783810 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and often fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD); other ILDs have a progressive, fibrotic phenotype (PF-ILD). Antifibrotic agents can slow but not stop disease progression in patients with IPF or PF-ILD. c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are stress-activated protein kinases implicated in the underlying mechanisms of fibrosis, including epithelial cell death, inflammation and polarisation of profibrotic macrophages, fibroblast activation and collagen production. CC-90001, an orally administered (PO), one time per day, JNK inhibitor, is being evaluated in IPF and PF-ILD. Methods and analysis This is a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating efficacy and safety of CC-90001 in patients with IPF (main study) and patients with PF-ILD (substudy). Both include an 8-week screening period, a 24-week treatment period, up to an 80-week active-treatment extension and a 4-week post-treatment follow-up. Patients with IPF (n=165) will be randomised 1:1:1 to receive 200 mg or 400 mg CC-90001 or placebo administered PO one time per day; up to 25 patients/arm will be permitted concomitant pirfenidone use. Forty-five patients in the PF-ILD substudy will be randomised 2:1 to receive 400 mg CC-90001 or placebo. The primary endpoint is change in per cent predicted forced vital capacity from baseline to Week 24 in patients with IPF. Ethics and dissemination This study will be conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines, Declaration of Helsinki principles and local ethical and legal requirements. Results will be reported in a peer-reviewed publication. Trial registration number NCT03142191.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Steven Greenberg
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Han J, Li G, Hou M, Ng J, Kwon MY, Xiong K, Liang X, Taglauer E, Shi Y, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S, El-Chemaly S, Lederer JA, Rosas IO, Perrella MA, Liu X. Intratracheal transplantation of trophoblast stem cells attenuates acute lung injury in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:487. [PMID: 34461993 PMCID: PMC8404310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common lung disorder that affects millions of people every year. The infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs and death of the alveolar epithelial cells are key factors to trigger a pathological cascade. Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are immune privileged, and demonstrate the capability of self-renewal and multipotency with differentiation into three germ layers. We hypothesized that intratracheal transplantation of TSCs may alleviate ALI. Methods ALI was induced by intratracheal delivery of bleomycin (BLM) in mice. After exposure to BLM, pre-labeled TSCs or fibroblasts (FBs) were intratracheally administered into the lungs. Analyses of the lungs were performed for inflammatory infiltrates, cell apoptosis, and engraftment of TSCs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines of lung tissue and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also assessed. Results The lungs displayed a reduction in cellularity, with decreased CD45+ cells, and less thickening of the alveolar walls in ALI mice that received TSCs compared with ALI mice receiving PBS or FBs. TSCs decreased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and the expression of interleukin (IL) 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) in the injured lungs. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in BALF, particularly IL-6, were decreased in ALI mice receiving TSCs, compared to ALI mice that received PBS or FBs. TSCs also significantly reduced BLM-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Transplanted TSCs integrated into the alveolar walls and expressed aquaporin 5 and prosurfactant protein C, markers for alveolar epithelial type I and II cells, respectively. Conclusion Intratracheal transplantation of TSCs into the lungs of mice after acute exposure to BLM reduced pulmonary inflammation and cell death. Furthermore, TSCs engrafted into the alveolar walls to form alveolar epithelial type I and II cells. These data support the use of TSCs for the treatment of ALI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02550-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gu Li
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Minmin Hou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77024, USA
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77024, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Chuang HM, Ho LI, Harn HJ, Liu CA. Recent Findings on Cell-Based Therapies for COVID19-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689721996217. [PMID: 33845643 PMCID: PMC8047934 DOI: 10.1177/0963689721996217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has spread worldwide, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Italy, along with its site of origin in China, since 2020. The virus was first found in the Wuhan seafood market at the end of 2019, with a controversial source. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and respiratory tract inflammation, with some severe patients developing an acute and chronic lung injury, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). It has already claimed approximately 300 thousand human lives and the number is still on the rise; the only way to prevent the infection is to be safe till vaccines and reliable treatments develop. In previous studies, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical trials had been proven to be effective in immune modulation and tissue repair promotion; however, their efficacy in treating COVID-19 remains underestimated. Here, we report the findings from past experiences of SARS and MSCs, and how SARS could also induce PF. Such studies may help to understand the rationale for the recent cell-based therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Meng Chuang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine Office, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei
| | - Li-Ing Ho
- Division of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien.,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital & Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Ching-Ann Liu
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien.,Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien.,Department of Neuroscience Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien
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11
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Gottschalk G, Knox K, Roy A. ACE2: At the crossroad of COVID-19 and lung cancer. GENE REPORTS 2021; 23:101077. [PMID: 33723522 PMCID: PMC7946539 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) was frequently observed in patients with lung cancer. Interestingly, our recent study revealed that the same ACE2 receptor was also strongly upregulated in lungs during SARS-CoV2 infection. Therefore, it is possible that the upregulated expression of ACE2 in lung tumors might increase the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection in lung cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism for the regulation of ACE2 is known neither in lung tumors nor in COVID-19. Under this review, we attempt to identify transcription factors (TFs) in the promoter of ACE2 that promote the expression of ACE2 both in COVID-19 infection and lung cancer. This review would decipher the molecular role of ACE2 in the upscaled fatality of lung cancer patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Gottschalk
- Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Suite # 325, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Konstance Knox
- Coppe Laboratories, W229N1870 Westwood Dr, Waukesha, WI 53186, United States of America
| | - Avik Roy
- Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Suite # 325, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America
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12
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Li ZZ, Wang HT, Lee GY, Yang Y, Zou YP, Wang B, Gong CJ, Cai Y, Ren JG, Zhao JH. Bleomycin: A novel osteogenesis inhibitor of dental follicle cells via a TGF-β1/SMAD7/RUNX2 pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:312-327. [PMID: 33068010 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tooth eruption is a complicated process regulated by the dental follicles (DF). Our recent study discovered that tooth eruption was inhibited upon injection of bleomycin into DF. However, the mechanisms were unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human dental follicle cells (hDFCs) were treated by bleomycin or exogenous TGF-β1 or transfected by plasmids loading SMAD7 or shRNA targeting SMAD7, followed by osteogenesis induction assay and signalling analysis. Human fresh DF tissues and Wistar rats were used to further confirm bleomycin function. KEY RESULTS Bleomycin decreased expression of RUNX2 and osteogenic genes in hDFCs, reducing osteogenic capacity. TGF-β1 expression was up-regulated in bleomycin-treated hDFCs. The effects of exogenous TGF-β1 were similar to those of bleomycin in hDFCs. Additionally, compared to SMAD2/3, SMAD7 expression increased more in bleomycin- or TGF-β1-treated hDFCs. Overexpression of SMAD7 likewise significantly decreased RUNX2 expression and osteogenic capacity of hDFCs. Knockdown of SMAD7 markedly attenuated the inhibitory effects of bleomycin and TGF-β1 on osteogenic capacity and RUNX2 expression of hDFCs. Most importantly, changes in TGF-β1, SMAD7, and RUNX2 expressions were similar in the DF of rats and humans treated with bleomycin. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS SMAD7 was a negative regulator of osteogenic differentiation in DFCs through suppressing RUNX2 expression. Bleomycin or TGF-β1 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of DFCs via a TGF-β1/SMAD7/RUNX2 pathway. Our findings might be beneficial for enhancing the osteogenic activity of DFCs or inhibiting the eruption of undesirable teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Grace Y Lee
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chu-Jie Gong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Cai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Gang Ren
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Aubin Vega M, Chupin C, Pascariu M, Privé A, Dagenais A, Berthiaume Y, Brochiero E. Dexamethasone fails to improve bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14253. [PMID: 31724341 PMCID: PMC6854384 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) features an exudative phase characterized by alveolar damage, lung edema and exacerbated inflammatory response. Given their anti‐inflammatory properties, the potential therapeutic effect of corticosteroids has been evaluated in ARDS clinical trials and experimental models of ALI. These studies produced contradictory results. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone in an animal model of bleomycin‐induced acute lung injury and then to determine if the lack of response could be related to an impairment in repair ability of alveolar epithelial cells after injury. NMRI mice were challenged with bleomycin and then treated daily with dexamethasone or saline. Bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and lungs were collected for assessment of the inflammatory response and wet/dry ratio (lung edema) and for histological analyses. The effect of bleomycin and dexamethasone on wound repair was also evaluated in vitro on primary alveolar epithelial cell (ATII) cultures. Our data first showed that dexamethasone treatment did not reduce the weight loss or mortality rates induced by bleomycin. Although the TNF‐α level in BAL of bleomycin‐treated mice was reduced by dexamethasone, the neutrophil infiltration remained unchanged. Dexamethasone also failed to reduce lung edema and damage scores. Finally, bleomycin elicited a time‐ and dose‐dependent reduction in repair rates of ATII cell cultures. This inhibitory effect was further enhanced by dexamethasone, which also affected the expression of β3‐ and β6‐integrins, key proteins of alveolar repair. Altogether, our data indicate that the inability of dexamethasone to improve the resolution of ALI might be due to his deleterious effect on the alveolar epithelium repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Aubin Vega
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Chupin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mihai Pascariu
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anik Privé
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André Dagenais
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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14
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Li X, Kim SE, Chen TY, Wang J, Yang X, Tabib T, Tan J, Guo B, Fung S, Zhao J, Sembrat J, Rojas M, Shiva S, Lafyatis R, St Croix C, Alder JK, Di YP, Kass DJ, Zhang Y. Toll interacting protein protects bronchial epithelial cells from bleomycin-induced apoptosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:9884-9898. [PMID: 32596871 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902636rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by altered epithelial cell phenotypes, which are associated with myofibroblast accumulation in the lung. Atypical alveolar epithelial cells in IPF express molecular markers of airway epithelium. Polymorphisms within and around Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) are associated with the susceptibility to IPF and mortality. However, the functional role of TOLLIP in IPF is unknown. Using lung tissues from IPF and control subjects, we showed that expression of TOLLIP gene in the lung parenchyma is globally lower in IPF compared to controls. Lung cells expressing significant levels of TOLLIP include macrophages, alveolar type II, and basal cells. TOLLIP protein expression is lower in the parenchyma of IPF lungs but is expressed in the atypical epithelial cells of the distal fibrotic regions. Using overexpression and silencing approaches, we demonstrate that TOLLIP protects cells from bleomycin-induced apoptosis using primary bronchial epithelial cells and BEAS-2B cells. The protective effects are mediated by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and upregulating autophagy. Therefore, global downregulation of the TOLLIP gene in IPF lungs may predispose injured lung epithelial cells to apoptosis and to the development of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sharon E Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ting-Yun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Juan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiangning Tan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brandon Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sonia Fung
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Wang HT, Wang JN, Li ZZ, Xia HF, Wang CF, Cai Y, Zhao YF, Ren JG, Zhao JH. Effects of bleomycin on tooth eruption: a novel potential application. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 144:105214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Kesireddy VS, Chillappagari S, Ahuja S, Knudsen L, Henneke I, Graumann J, Meiners S, Ochs M, Ruppert C, Korfei M, Seeger W, Mahavadi P. Susceptibility of microtubule -associated protein 1 light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B/LC3B) knockout mice to lung injury and fibrosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:12392-12408. [PMID: 31431059 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900854r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient autophagy has been reported in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lungs. Specific roles of autophagy-related proteins in lung fibrosis development remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy marker protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B) in the development of lung fibrosis. LC3B-/- mice upon aging show smaller lamellar body profiles, increased cellularity, alveolar epithelial cell type II (AECII) apoptosis, surfactant alterations, and lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Autophagosomal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor syntaxin 17 is increased in the AECII of aged LC3B-/- mice and patients with IPF. Proteasomal activity, however, remained unaltered in LC3B-/- mice. In vitro knockdown of LC3B sensitized mouse lung epithelial cells to bleomycin-induced apoptosis, but its overexpression was protective. In vivo, LC3B-/- mice displayed increased susceptibility to bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis. We identified cathepsin A as a novel LC3B binding partner and its overexpression in vitro drives MLE12 cells to apoptosis. Additionally, cathepsin A is increased in the AECII of aged LC3B-/- mice and in the lungs of patients with IPF. Our study reveals that LC3B mediated autophagy plays essential roles in AECII by modulating the functions of proteins like cathepsin A and protects alveolar epithelial cells from apoptosis and subsequent lung injury and fibrosis.-Kesireddy, V. S., Chillappagari, S., Ahuja, S., Knudsen, L., Henneke, I., Graumann, J., Meiners, S., Ochs, M., Ruppert, C., Korfei, M., Seeger, W., Mahavadi, P. Susceptibility of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B/LC3B) knockout mice to lung injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sagar Kesireddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Shashi Chillappagari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saket Ahuja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Regenerative Biology and Reconstructive Therapies (REBIRTH) Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingrid Henneke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU)-Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Regenerative Biology and Reconstructive Therapies (REBIRTH) Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Martina Korfei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.,The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University (JLU) Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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17
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Kasam RK, Reddy GB, Jegga AG, Madala SK. Dysregulation of Mesenchymal Cell Survival Pathways in Severe Fibrotic Lung Disease: The Effect of Nintedanib Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:532. [PMID: 31156440 PMCID: PMC6533541 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired apoptotic clearance of myofibroblasts can result in the continuous expansion of scar tissue during the persistent injury in the lung. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the apoptotic clearance of multiple mesenchymal cells including fibrocytes, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in severe fibrotic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remain largely unknown. We analyzed the apoptotic pathways activated in mesenchymal cells of IPF and in a mouse model of TGFα-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We found that fibrocytes and myofibroblasts in fibrotic lung lesions have acquired resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis, and an FDA-approved anti-fibrotic agent, nintedanib, effectively induced apoptotic cell death in both. In support, comparative gene expression analyses suggest that apoptosis-linked gene networks similarly dysregulated in both IPF and a mouse model of TGFα-induced pulmonary fibrosis. TGFα mice treated with nintedanib show increased active caspase 3-positive cells in fibrotic lesions and reduced fibroproliferation and collagen production. Further, the long-term nintedanib therapy attenuated fibrocyte accumulation, collagen deposition, and lung function decline during TGFα-induced pulmonary fibrosis. These results highlight the importance of inhibiting survival pathways and other pro-fibrotic processes in the various types of mesenchymal cells and suggest that the TGFα mouse model is relevant for testing of anti-fibrotic drugs either alone or in combination with nintedanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Kasam
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Geereddy B Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Satish K Madala
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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18
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Jin J, Shi X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Li C, Tan P, Fang Q, Ma Y, Ma RZ. Reticulocalbin 3 Deficiency in Alveolar Epithelium Exacerbated Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:320-333. [PMID: 29676583 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0347oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulocalbin 3 (Rcn3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen protein localized to the secretory pathway. We have reported that Rcn3 plays a critical role in alveolar epithelial type II cell maturation during perinatal lung development, but its biological role in the adult lung is largely unknown. In this study, we found marked induction of Rcn3 expression in alveolar epithelium during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which is most obvious in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs). To further examine Rcn3 in pulmonary injury remodeling, we generated transgenic mice to selectively delete Rcn3 in AECIIs in adulthood. Although Rcn3 deletion did not cause obvious abnormalities in the lung architecture and mechanics, the exposure of Rcn3-deleted mice to bleomycin led to exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis and reduced lung mechanics. These Rcn3-deleted mice also displayed enhanced alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis and ER stress after bleomycin treatment, which was confirmed by in vitro studies both in primary AECIIs and mouse lung epithelial cells. Consistently, Rcn3 deficiency also enhanced ER stress and apoptosis induced by ER stress inducers, tunicamycin and thapsigargin. In addition, Rcn3 deficiency caused blunted wound closure capability of AECs, but not altered proliferation and bleomycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Collectively, these findings indicate that bleomycin-induced upregulation of Rcn3 in AECIIs appears to contribute to AECII survival and wound healing. These observations, for the first time, suggest a novel role of Rcn3 in regulating pulmonary injury remodeling, and shed additional light on the mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Jin
- 1 The Clinical Research Center, and.,4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yu Guo
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Tan
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Fang
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yingmin Ma
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Runlin Z Ma
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Kim KK, Dotson MR, Agarwal M, Yang J, Bradley PB, Subbotina N, Osterholzer JJ, Sisson TH. Efferocytosis of apoptotic alveolar epithelial cells is sufficient to initiate lung fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1056. [PMID: 30333529 PMCID: PMC6193049 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type II alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis is a prominent feature of fibrotic lung diseases and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. While there is growing recognition of the importance of AEC injury and apoptosis as a causal factor in fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms that link these processes remain unknown. We have previously shown that targeting the type II alveolar epithelium for injury by repetitively administering diphtheria toxin to transgenic mice expressing the diphtheria toxin receptor off of the surfactant protein C promoter (SPC-DTR) develop lung fibrosis, confirming that AEC injury is sufficient to cause fibrosis. In the present study, we find that SPC-DTR mice develop increased activation of caspase 3/7 after initiation of diphtheria toxin treatment consistent with apoptosis within AECs. We also find evidence of efferocytosis, the uptake of apoptotic cells, by alveolar macrophages in this model. To determine the importance of efferocytosis in lung fibrosis, we treated cultured alveolar macrophages with apoptotic type II AECs and found that the uptake induced pro-fibrotic gene expression. We also found that the repetitive intrapulmonary administration of apoptotic type II AEC or MLE-12 cells induces lung fibrosis. Finally, mice lacking a key efferocytosis receptor, CD36, developed attenuated fibrosis in response to apoptotic MLE-12 cells. Collectively, these studies support a novel mechanism linking AEC apoptosis with macrophage pro-fibrotic activation via efferocytosis and reveal previously unrecognized therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Megan R Dotson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jibing Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Patrick B Bradley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Natalia Subbotina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John J Osterholzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas H Sisson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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20
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IL-17A suppresses and curcumin up-regulates Akt expression upon bleomycin exposure. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:645-650. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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The combination of Bleomycin with TRAIL agonists or PKC inhibitors sensitizes solid tumor cells to BLM-mediated apoptosis: new strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance of tumors. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Kim SJ, Cheresh P, Jablonski RP, Morales-Nebreda L, Cheng Y, Hogan E, Yeldandi A, Chi M, Piseaux R, Ridge K, Michael Hart C, Chandel N, Scott Budinger GR, Kamp DW. Mitochondrial catalase overexpressed transgenic mice are protected against lung fibrosis in part via preventing alveolar epithelial cell mitochondrial DNA damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:482-490. [PMID: 27840320 PMCID: PMC5928521 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury and mitochondrial dysfunction are important in the development of lung fibrosis. Our group has shown that in the asbestos exposed lung, the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AEC mediate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and apoptosis which are necessary for lung fibrosis. These data suggest that mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants should ameliorate asbestos-induced lung. OBJECTIVE To determine whether transgenic mice that express mitochondrial-targeted catalase (MCAT) have reduced lung fibrosis following exposure to asbestos or bleomycin and, if so, whether this occurs in association with reduced AEC mtDNA damage and apoptosis. METHODS Crocidolite asbestos (100µg/50µL), TiO2 (negative control), bleomycin (0.025 units/50µL), or PBS was instilled intratracheally in 8-10 week-old wild-type (WT - C57Bl/6J) or MCAT mice. The lungs were harvested at 21d. Lung fibrosis was quantified by collagen levels (Sircol) and lung fibrosis scores. AEC apoptosis was assessed by cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3)/Surfactant protein C (SFTPC) immunohistochemistry (IHC) and semi-quantitative analysis. AEC (primary AT2 cells from WT and MCAT mice and MLE-12 cells) mtDNA damage was assessed by a quantitative PCR-based assay, apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation, and ROS production was assessed by a Mito-Sox assay. RESULTS Compared to WT, crocidolite-exposed MCAT mice exhibit reduced pulmonary fibrosis as measured by lung collagen levels and lung fibrosis score. The protective effects in MCAT mice were accompanied by reduced AEC mtDNA damage and apoptosis. Similar findings were noted following bleomycin exposure. Euk-134, a mitochondrial SOD/catalase mimetic, attenuated MLE-12 cell DNA damage and apoptosis. Finally, compared to WT, asbestos-induced MCAT AT2 cell ROS production was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our finding that MCAT mice have reduced pulmonary fibrosis, AEC mtDNA damage and apoptosis following exposure to asbestos or bleomycin suggests an important role for AEC mitochondrial H2O2-induced mtDNA damage in promoting lung fibrosis. We reason that strategies aimed at limiting AEC mtDNA damage arising from excess mitochondrial H2O2 production may be a novel therapeutic target for mitigating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Renea P Jablonski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Erin Hogan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Anjana Yeldandi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Monica Chi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Raul Piseaux
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Karen Ridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - C Michael Hart
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States; Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Navdeep Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - David W Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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23
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Zelenikhin PV, Makeeva AV, Nguen TN, Siraj YA, Ilinskaya ON. [Combined action of binase and bleomycin toward human lung adenocarcinoma cells]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2016; 62:279-82. [PMID: 27420619 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166203279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Some microbial ribonucleases (RNases) demonstrate selective cytotoxic effect against a wide range of tumor cells. In this context combined use of cytotoxic RNases in complex therapy with other chemotherapeutic agents appears to be especially promising. In this study we have investigated the apoptosis-induced effect of Bacillus pumilus RNase (binase) in combination with known anti-tumor antibiotic bleomycin on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The combined effect of high concentrations of these agents did not have any mutual increase in their apoptosis-induced action, while a combination of non-apoptotic concentrations resulted in the increase of the proportion of apoptotic cells up to 22% as compared with individual effect of bleomycin (6%) and binase (12%) used separately. These results indicate that binase and bleomycin are effective in combination of their low concentrations and ineffective in combination of their high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A V Makeeva
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - T N Nguen
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Y A Siraj
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - O N Ilinskaya
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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24
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Gold MJ, Hiebert PR, Park HY, Stefanowicz D, Le A, Starkey MR, Deane A, Brown AC, Liu G, Horvat JC, Ibrahim ZA, Sukkar MB, Hansbro PM, Carlsten C, VanEeden S, Sin DD, McNagny KM, Knight DA, Hirota JA. Mucosal production of uric acid by airway epithelial cells contributes to particulate matter-induced allergic sensitization. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:809-20. [PMID: 26509876 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM), a major component of air pollution, contributes to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. PM induces innate immune responses and contributes to allergic sensitization, although the mechanisms governing this process remain unclear. Lung mucosal uric acid has also been linked to allergic sensitization. The links among PM exposure, uric acid, and allergic sensitization remain unexplored. We therefore investigated the mechanisms behind PM-induced allergic sensitization in the context of lung mucosal uric acid. PM10 and house dust mite exposure selectively induced lung mucosal uric acid production and secretion in vivo, which did not occur with other challenges (lipopolysaccharide, virus, bacteria, or inflammatory/fibrotic stimuli). PM10-induced uric acid mediates allergic sensitization and augments antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, which is inhibited by uricase. We then demonstrate that human airway epithelial cells secrete uric acid basally and after stimulation through a previously unidentified mucosal secretion system. Our work discovers a previously unknown mechanism of air pollution-induced, uric acid-mediated, allergic sensitization that may be important in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gold
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P R Hiebert
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - H Y Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D Stefanowicz
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Le
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A Deane
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - G Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - J C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Z A Ibrahim
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M B Sukkar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - C Carlsten
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S VanEeden
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D D Sin
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J A Hirota
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Cabrera S, Maciel M, Herrera I, Nava T, Vergara F, Gaxiola M, López-Otín C, Selman M, Pardo A. Essential role for the ATG4B protease and autophagy in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Autophagy 2016; 11:670-84. [PMID: 25906080 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1034409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical cellular homeostatic process that controls the turnover of damaged organelles and proteins. Impaired autophagic activity is involved in a number of diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis suggesting that altered autophagy may contribute to fibrogenesis. However, the specific role of autophagy in lung fibrosis is still undefined. In this study, we show for the first time, how autophagy disruption contributes to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in vivo using an Atg4b-deficient mouse as a model. Atg4b-deficient mice displayed a significantly higher inflammatory response at 7 d after bleomycin treatment associated with increased neutrophilic infiltration and significant alterations in proinflammatory cytokines. Likewise, we found that Atg4b disruption resulted in augmented apoptosis affecting predominantly alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells. At 28 d post-bleomycin instillation Atg4b-deficient mice exhibited more extensive and severe fibrosis with increased collagen accumulation and deregulated extracellular matrix-related gene expression. Together, our findings indicate that the ATG4B protease and autophagy play a crucial role protecting epithelial cells against bleomycin-induced stress and apoptosis, and in the regulation of the inflammatory and fibrotic responses.
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Key Words
- ACTA2, actin, α 2, smooth muscle, aorta
- ATG3, autophagy-related 3
- ATG4B
- ATG4B, autophagy-related 4B
- ATG5, autophagy-related 5
- ATG7, autophagy-related 7
- ATG9B, autophagy-related 9B
- BAX, BCL2-associated X protein
- CASP3, caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
- CAV1, caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa
- CCL3, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3
- CXCL1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity α)
- CXCR2, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2
- DRAM2, DNA-damage regulated autophagy modulator 2
- GFP-LC3B, green fluorescent protein-LC3B
- IFNG, interferon, gamma
- IL12B, interleukin 12B
- IL13, interleukin 13
- IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β
- RELA, v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TGFB1, transforming growth factor, β 1
- TGFBR2, transforming growth factor, β receptor II (70/80kDa)
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TUBB4, tubulin, β 4, class IV
- WT, wild type
- autophagin-1
- autophagy
- cysteine peptidase
- epithelial cell
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- lung fibrosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- a Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ; Mexico DF , Mexico
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26
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Cheng J, Dackor RT, Bradbury JA, Li H, DeGraff LM, Hong LK, King D, Lih FB, Gruzdev A, Edin ML, Travlos GS, Flake GP, Tomer KB, Zeldin DC. Contribution of alveolar type II cell-derived cyclooxygenase-2 to basal airway function, lung inflammation, and lung fibrosis. FASEB J 2015; 30:160-73. [PMID: 26396235 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been shown to be involved in regulating basal airway function, bacterial LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung inflammation, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis; however, the cellular source of COX-2 that underlies these effects is unknown. We generated mice with alveolar type II (ATII) cell-specific knockdown of COX-2 (AT2CC(-/-)), to examine the role of ATII cell-derived prostaglandins (PGs) in these processes. Specific knockdown of COX-2 was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. LC/MS/MS analysis showed that ATII cells produced PGs. Basal airway responsiveness of AT2CC(-/-) mice was decreased compared to that of wild-type (WT) mice. LPS-induced hypothermic response, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the airway, and lung inflammation were enhanced in AT2CC(-/-) mice relative to WT controls; however, LPS-induced AHR and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression were similar between the genotypes. After 21 d of bleomycin administration, AT2CC(-/-) mice behaved in a manner similar to WT mice. Thus, ATII cell-derived COX-2 plays an important role in regulating basal airway function and LPS-induced lung inflammation, but does not play a role in bleomycin-induced fibrosis. These findings provide insight into the cellular source of COX-2 related to these lung phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cheng
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan T Dackor
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lee K Hong
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debra King
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory S Travlos
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gordon P Flake
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth B Tomer
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Kandhare AD, Bodhankar SL, Mohan V, Thakurdesai PA. Effect of glycosides based standardized fenugreek seed extract in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Decisive role of Bax, Nrf2, NF-κB, Muc5ac, TNF-α and IL-1β. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 237:151-65. [PMID: 26093215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive multifactorial disease with limited therapeutic options. Glycosides based standardized fenugreek seed extract (SFSE-G) possesses potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant property. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of SFSE-G against bleomycin (BLM) induced pulmonary fibrosis by assessing behavioral, biochemical, molecular and ultrastructural changes in the laboratory rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS IPF was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by single intratracheal BLM (6IU/kg) injection followed by SFSE-G (5, 10, 20 and 40mg/kg, p.o.) or methylprednisolone (10mg/kg, p.o.) treatment for 28day. Various parameters were analyzed in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after 14 and 28days of the drug treatment. RESULTS SFSE-G (20 and 40mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly prevented the BLM induced alteration in body weight, lung index, lung function test and hematology. The altered total and differential cell count in BALF and blood was significantly prevented by SFSE-G treatment. The decreased peripheral blood oxygen content after BLM instillation was significantly increased by SFSE-G treatment. SFSE-G significantly enhanced the BALF and lung antioxidant status, through modulating the SOD, GSH, T-AOC, MDA, NO level and Nrf2, HO-1 mRNA expression. There was a significant reduction in lung 5-HT level by SFSE-G treatment. The altered mRNA expression of biomarkers of lung inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8), fibrosis (TGF-β, collagen-1, ET-1, Muc5ac, NF-κB, VEGF, Smad-3) and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3) were significantly prevented by SFSE-G treatment. BLM induced histological inflammatory and fibrotic insult in the lung were reduced by SFSE-G treatment. It also ameliorated BLM induced lung ultrastructural changes as observed by transmission electron microscopic studies. However, administration of SFSE-G (5mg/kg, p.o.) failed to show any protective effect against BLM-induced PF whereas SFSE-G (10mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant amelioration in BLM-induced PF except lung function test, BALF and lung antioxidant level. CONCLUSION SFSE-G showed anti-fibrotic efficacy executed through induction of Nrf2, which in turn may modulate anti-inflammatory molecules, inhibit fibrogenic molecules and decreased apoptosis to ameliorate BLM induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Paud Road, Pune 411 038, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Paud Road, Pune 411 038, India.
| | - Vishwaraman Mohan
- Indus Biotech Private Limited, 1, Rahul Residency, Off Salunke Vihar Road, Kondhwa, Pune 411 048, India
| | - Prasad A Thakurdesai
- Indus Biotech Private Limited, 1, Rahul Residency, Off Salunke Vihar Road, Kondhwa, Pune 411 048, India
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Lan YW, Choo KB, Chen CM, Hung TH, Chen YB, Hsieh CH, Kuo HP, Chong KY. Hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:97. [PMID: 25986930 PMCID: PMC4487587 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive diffuse parenchymal lung disorder of unknown etiology. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a novel approach with great therapeutic potential for the treatment of lung diseases. Despite demonstration of MSC grafting, the populations of engrafted MSCs have been shown to decrease dramatically 24 hours post-transplantation due to exposure to harsh microenvironments. Hypoxia is known to induce expression of cytoprotective genes and also secretion of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic factors. Hypoxic preconditioning is thought to enhance the therapeutic potency and duration of survival of engrafted MSCs. In this work, we aimed to prolong the duration of survival of engrafted MSCs and to enhance the effectiveness of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis transplantation therapy by the use of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs. METHODS Hypoxic preconditioning was achieved in MSCs under an optimal hypoxic environment. The expression levels of cytoprotective factors and their biological effects on damaged alveolar epithelial cells or transforming growth factor-beta 1-treated fibroblast cells were studied in co-culture experiments in vitro. Furthermore, hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs (HP-MSCs) were intratracheally instilled into bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice at day 3, and lung functions, cellular, molecular and pathological changes were assessed at 7 and 21 days after bleomycin administration. RESULTS The expression of genes for pro-survival, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and growth factors was upregulated in MSCs under hypoxic conditions. In transforming growth factor-beta 1-treated MRC-5 fibroblast cells, hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs attenuated extracellular matrix production through paracrine effects. The pulmonary respiratory functions significantly improved for up to 18 days of hypoxia-preconditioned MSC treatment. Expression of inflammatory factors and fibrotic factor were all downregulated in the lung tissues of the hypoxia-preconditioned MSC-treated mice. Histopathologic examination observed a significant amelioration of the lung fibrosis. Several LacZ-labeled MSCs were observed within the lungs in the hypoxia-preconditioned MSC treatment groups at day 21, but no signals were detected in the normoxic MSC group. Our data further demonstrated that upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor possibly played an important role in mediating the therapeutic effects of transplanted hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs. CONCLUSION Transplantation of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs exerted better therapeutic effects in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrotic mice and enhanced the survival rate of engrafted MSCs, partially due to the upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wei Lan
- Division of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kong-Bung Choo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Rong-Hsing Translational Medicine Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tsai-Hsien Hung
- Division of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Young-Bin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chung-Hsing Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Pulmonary Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Division of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK/NF-κB pathways. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8209. [PMID: 25644821 PMCID: PMC4314638 DOI: 10.1038/srep08209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ACE2 and Ang–(1–7) have important roles in preventing acute lung injury. However, it is not clear whether upregulation of the ACE2/Ang–(1–7)/Mas axis prevents LPS–induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) by inhibiting the MAPKs/NF–κB pathways. Primary cultured rat PMVECs were transduced with lentiviral–borne Ace2 or shRNA–Ace2, and then treated or not with Mas receptor blocker (A779) before exposure to LPS. LPS stimulation resulted in the higher levels of AngII, Ang–(1–7), cytokine secretion, and apoptosis rates, and the lower ACE2/ACE ratio. Ace2 reversed the ACE2/ACE imbalance and increased Ang–(1–7) levels, thus reducing LPS–induced apoptosis and inflammation, while inhibition of Ace2 reversed all these effects. A779 abolished these protective effects of Ace2. LPS treatment was associated with activation of the ERK, p38, JNK, and NF–κB pathways, which were aggravated by A779. Pretreatment with A779 prevented the Ace2–induced blockade of p38, JNK, and NF–κB phosphorylation. However, only JNK inhibitor markedly reduced apoptosis and cytokine secretion in PMVECs with Ace2 deletion and A779 pretreatment. These results suggest that the ACE2/Ang–(1–7)/Mas axis has a crucial role in preventing LPS–induced apoptosis and inflammation of PMVECs, by inhibiting the JNK/NF–κB pathways.
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Gao SY, Zhou X, Li YJ, Liu WL, Wang PY, Pang M, Xie SY, Lv CJ. Arsenic trioxide prevents rat pulmonary fibrosis via miR-98 overexpression. Life Sci 2014; 114:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Safaeian L, Abed A, Vaseghi G. The role of Bcl-2 family proteins in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:281-9. [PMID: 25058906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by epithelial injury, abnormal tissue repair, fibroproliferation and loss of pulmonary function as a result of a complex interaction of multiple cellular and molecular processes. There is accumulating evidence in support of a role for apoptosis in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. The Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) family of proteins, which consists of antiapoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, is a critical regulator for apoptosis and development of pulmonary fibrosis. The association between Bcl-2 family members and various pathways and mediators has been also described in the pulmonary fibrosis. This article reviews the recent advances regarding the roles of Bcl-2 family as the apoptosis-regulatory factors in pulmonary fibrosis from human tissue studies, animal models, ex vivo and in vitro studies. Further understanding of apoptosis signaling regulation through Bcl-2 family proteins in the lung tissue may lead to better design of new therapeutic interventions for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Abed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kato A, Okura T, Hamada C, Miyoshi S, Katayama H, Higaki J, Ito R. Cell stress induces upregulation of osteopontin via the ERK pathway in type II alveolar epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100106. [PMID: 24963635 PMCID: PMC4070890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, migration and tissue fibrosis. In human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and murine bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, OPN is upregulated in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). However, the mechanism of OPN induction in AEC II is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate the molecular mechanism of OPN induction in AEC II and elucidate the functions of OPN in AEC II and lung fibroblasts. Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and mouse alveolar epithelial cells (MLE12), used as type II alveolar epithelial cell lines for in vitro assays, and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) were treated with either bleomycin, doxorubicin or tunicamycin. The mechanism of OPN induction in these cells and its function as a pro-fibrotic cytokine on A549 and lung fibroblasts were analyzed. The DNA damaging reagents bleomycin and doxorubicin were found to induce OPN expression in A549, MLE12 and HPAEpiC. OPN expression was induced via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)-dependent signaling pathway in A549 and MLE12. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing reagent tunicamycin induced OPN mRNA expression in A549, MLE12 and HPAEpiC, and OPN mRNA expression was induced via activation of the ERK-dependent signaling pathway in A549 and MLE12. Another ER stress-inducing reagent thapsigargin induced the expression of OPN mRNA as well as the subsequent production of OPN in A549 and MLE12. Furthermore, OPN promoted the proliferation of A549 and the migration of normal human lung fibroblasts. Inhibition of OPN by small interference RNA or neutralizing antibody suppressed both of these responses. The results of this study suggest that cell stress induces the upregulation of OPN in AEC II by signaling through the ERK pathway, and that upregulated OPN may play a role in fibrogenesis of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okura
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chizuru Hamada
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Seigo Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katayama
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jitsuo Higaki
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Sunaga H, Matsui H, Ueno M, Maeno T, Iso T, Syamsunarno MRAA, Anjo S, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H, Yokoyama T, Kurabayashi M. Deranged fatty acid composition causes pulmonary fibrosis in Elovl6-deficient mice. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2563. [PMID: 24113622 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the established role of alveolar type II epithelial cells for the maintenance of pulmonary function, little is known about the deregulation of lipid composition in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (Elovl6) is a rate-limiting enzyme catalysing the elongation of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Here we show that Elovl6 expression is significantly downregulated after an intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM) and in human lung with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Elovl6-deficient (Elovl6⁻/⁻) mice treated with BLM exhibit severe fibroproliferative response and derangement of fatty acid profile compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, Elovl6 knockdown induces a change in fatty acid composition similar to that in Elovl6⁻/⁻ mice, resulting in induction of apoptosis, TGF-β1 expression and reactive oxygen species generation. Our findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for Elovl6 in the regulation of lung homeostasis, and in pathogenesis and exacerbation of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sunaga
- 1] Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan [2]
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Yuan L, Lu CL, Wang Y, Li Y, Li XY. Ang (1-7) protects islet endothelial cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis by AKT, eNOS, p38 MAPK, and JNK pathways. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:391476. [PMID: 24804268 PMCID: PMC3996957 DOI: 10.1155/2014/391476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of angiotensin (1-7) (Ang (1-7)) on palmitate-induced apoptosis in islet endothelial cells and the mechanism of action. MS-1 cells were treated with palmitate in the presence or absence of Ang (1-7). The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using a Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Kit. Expression of AKT, eNOS, C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 was detected by western blotting. Compared with palmitate treated group, palmitate-induced apoptosis was decreased in MS-1 cells which were preincubated with Ang (1-7) (P < 0.05). Palmitate decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS, and Ang (1-7) increased the phosphorylation of these kinases (P < 0.05), with a concomitant reduction in MS-1 cells apoptosis. Ang (1-7) also inhibited the palmitate-induced ROS production and attenuated the apoptosis-related signaling molecule JNK and p38 activation (all P < 0.05). PI3K/AKT, eNOS, p38 MAPK, and JNK inhibitors blocked the antilipoapoptosis of Ang (1-7) (all P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that Ang (1-7) reduces palmitate-induced islet endothelial cells apoptosis. AKT/eNOS/NO signaling and JNK and p38 pathway are involved in the Ang (1-7)-mediated modulation of islet endothelial cells lipoapoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- *Li Yuan:
| | - Chun-Li Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Tsai HL, Chang JW, Yang HW, Chen CW, Yang CC, Yang AH, Liu CS, Chin TW, Wei CF, Lee OK. Amelioration of Paraquat-Induced Pulmonary Injury by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1667-81. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning induces redox cycle and leads to fatal injury of lung. Clinical management is supportive in nature due to lack of effective antidote, and the mortality is very high. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) process the properties of immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects and oxidative stress resistance. MSC transplantation may theoretically serve as an antidote in PQ intoxication. In this study, we examined the potential therapeutic effects of MSCs in PQ-induced lung injury. The degree of PQ toxicity in the rat type II pneumocyte cell line, L2, and MSCs was evaluated by examining cell viability, ultrastructural changes, and gene expression. L2 cells treated with 0.5 mM PQ were cocultured in the absence or presence of MSCs. For the in vivo study, adult male SD rats were administered an intraperitoneal injection of PQ (24 mg/kg body weight) and were divided into three groups: group I, control; group II, cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone; group III, MSC transplantation 6 h after PQ exposure. MSCs were relatively resistant to PQ toxicity. Coculture with MSCs significantly inhibited PQ accumulation in L2 cells and upregulated the expression of antioxidative heme oxygenase 1 and metallothionein 1a genes, reversed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and increased the viability of PQ-exposed L2 cells. Treatment with MSCs resulted in a significant reduction in severity of liver and renal function deterioration, alleviated lung injury, and prolonged the life span of rats. Altogether, our results suggest that MSCs possess antidote-like effect through multifactorial protection mechanism. The results of this preclinical study demonstrate that transplantation of MSCs may be a promising therapy and should be further validated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Wen Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Yang
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Hang Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Ultrastructural and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Su Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wai Chin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Fu Wei
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar K. Lee
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rafii R, Juarez MM, Albertson TE, Chan AL. A review of current and novel therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5:48-73. [PMID: 23372951 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively fibrotic interstitial lung disease that is associated with a median survival of 2-3 years from initial diagnosis. To date, there is no treatment approved for IPF in the United States, and only one pharmacological agent has been approved outside of the United States. Nevertheless, research over the past 10 years has provided us with a wealth of information on its histopathology, diagnostic work-up, and a greater understanding of its pathophysiology. Specifically, IPF is no longer thought to be a predominantly pro-inflammatory disorder. Rather, the fibrosis in IPF is increasingly understood to be the result of a fibroproliferative and aberrant wound healing cascade. The development of therapeutic targets has shifted in accord with this paradigm change. This review highlights the current understanding of IPF, and the recent as well as novel therapeutics being explored in clinical trials for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsara Rafii
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine and VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
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Involvement of C-jun NH2
-terminal kinase and apoptosis induced factor in apoptosis induced by deglycosylated bleomycin in laryngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 33:964-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vadász I, Dada LA, Briva A, Helenius IT, Sharabi K, Welch LC, Kelly AM, Grzesik BA, Budinger GRS, Liu J, Seeger W, Beitel GJ, Gruenbaum Y, Sznajder JI. Evolutionary conserved role of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase in CO2-induced epithelial dysfunction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46696. [PMID: 23056407 PMCID: PMC3466313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated CO2 levels (hypercapnia) occur in patients with respiratory diseases and impair alveolar epithelial integrity, in part, by inhibiting Na,K-ATPase function. Here, we examined the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in CO2 signaling in mammalian alveolar epithelial cells as well as in diptera, nematodes and rodent lungs. In alveolar epithelial cells, elevated CO2 levels rapidly induced activation of JNK leading to downregulation of Na,K-ATPase and alveolar epithelial dysfunction. Hypercapnia-induced activation of JNK required AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase C-ζ leading to subsequent phosphorylation of JNK at Ser-129. Importantly, elevated CO2 levels also caused a rapid and prominent activation of JNK in Drosophila S2 cells and in C. elegans. Paralleling the results with mammalian epithelial cells, RNAi against Drosophila JNK fully prevented CO2-induced downregulation of Na,K-ATPase in Drosophila S2 cells. The importance and specificity of JNK CO2 signaling was additionally demonstrated by the ability of mutations in the C. elegans JNK homologs, jnk-1 and kgb-2 to partially rescue the hypercapnia-induced fertility defects but not the pharyngeal pumping defects. Together, these data provide evidence that deleterious effects of hypercapnia are mediated by JNK which plays an evolutionary conserved, specific role in CO2 signaling in mammals, diptera and nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Vadász
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laura A. Dada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Arturo Briva
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Iiro Taneli Helenius
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kfir Sharabi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lynn C. Welch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aileen M. Kelly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Benno A. Grzesik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Greg J. Beitel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob I. Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Uhal BD, Li X, Piasecki CC, Molina-Molina M. Angiotensin signalling in pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:465-8. [PMID: 22155301 PMCID: PMC3288339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence demonstrates that angiotensin II and angiotensin receptors are required for the pathogenesis of experimental lung fibrosis. Angiotensin has a number of profibrotic effects on lung parenchymal cells that include the induction of growth factors for mesenchymal cells, extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines and increased motility of lung fibroblasts. Angiotensin is also proapoptotic for lung epithelial cells, and is synthesized by a local system (i.e., entirely within the lung tissue) after lung injury by a variety of agents of both xenobiotic and endogenous origins. Recent evidence shows that the counterregulatory molecule angiotensin 1-7, the product of the enzyme ACE-2, inhibits epithelial cell apoptosis and thus acts as an antifibrotic epithelial survival factor. This manuscript reviews the evidence supporting a role for angiotensin in lung fibrogenesis and discusses the signalling mechanisms underlying its action on lung parenchymal cells important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Cabrera Fuentes H, Kalacheva N, Mukhametshina R, Zelenikhin P, Kolpakov A, Barreto G, Preissner K, Ilinskaya O. Binase penetration into alveolar epithelial cellsdoes not induce cell death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 58:272-80. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125803272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial ribonucleases possess a broad spectra of biological activities, demonstrating stimulating properties at low concentrations and cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at high concentrations. The mechanisms of their penetration into the cells are not clear so far. This research is aimed to the study of Bacillus intermedius RNase (binase) penetration in alveolar lung epithelial cells - pneumocytes of type II. Using immunofluorescence we have shown for the first time have internalization of binase by primary non-differentiated pneumocytes АТII. The enzyme did not penetrate in pneumocytes MLE-12, which also derived from type II cells. However, binase was cytotoxic towards tumor MLE-12 cells, but not АТII cells. The obtained results testified the higher sensitivity of tumor cells towards binase compared with normal cells, and also showed that penetration of the enzyme into alveolar cells did not directly correlated with the cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - G. Barreto
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research
| | - K.T. Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University
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Budinger GRS. Angiotensin II and pulmonary fibrosis, a new twist on an old story. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L267-8. [PMID: 21724862 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00214.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G R Scott Budinger
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern Univ. Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron St., McGaw M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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42
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Uhal BD, Li X, Xue A, Gao X, Abdul-Hafez A. Regulation of alveolar epithelial cell survival by the ACE-2/angiotensin 1-7/Mas axis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L269-74. [PMID: 21665960 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00222.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier work from this laboratory demonstrated that apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) requires autocrine generation of angiotensin (ANG) II. More recent studies showed that angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), which degrades ANGII to form ANG1-7, is protective but severely downregulated in human and experimental lung fibrosis. Here it was theorized that ACE-2 and its product ANG1-7 might therefore regulate AEC apoptosis. To evaluate this hypothesis, the AEC cell line MLE-12 and primary cultures of rat AECs were exposed to the profibrotic apoptosis inducers ANGII or bleomycin (Bleo). Markers of apoptosis (caspase-9 or -3 activation and nuclear fragmentation), steady-state ANGII and ANG1-7, and JNK phosphorylation were measured thereafter. In the absence of Bleo, inhibition of ACE-2 by small interfering RNA or by a competitive inhibitor (DX600 peptide) caused a reciprocal increase in autocrine ANGII and corresponding decrease in ANG1-7 in cell culture media (both P < 0.05) and, moreover, induced AEC apoptosis. At baseline (without inhibitor), ANG1-7 in culture media was 10-fold higher than ANGII (P < 0.01). Addition of purified ANGII or bleomycin-induced caspase activation, nuclear fragmentation, and JNK phosphorylation in cultured AECs. However, preincubation with ANG1-7 (0.1 μM) prevented JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis. Moreover, pretreatment with A779, a specific blocker of the ANG1-7 receptor mas, prevented ANG1-7 blockade of JNK phosphorylation, caspase activation, and nuclear fragmentation. These data demonstrate that ACE-2 regulates AEC survival by balancing the proapoptotic ANGII and its antiapoptotic degradation product ANG1-7. They also suggest that ANG1-7 inhibits AEC apoptosis through the ANG1-7 receptor mas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Uhal
- Dept. of Physiology, Michigan State Univ., 3197 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Tanaka KI, Tanaka Y, Namba T, Azuma A, Mizushima T. Heat shock protein 70 protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:920-31. [PMID: 20513440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves infiltration of leucocytes, pulmonary injury, fibrosis and resulting pulmonary dysfunction. Myofibroblasts and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 have been suggested to play a major role in the pathology and the myofibroblasts are derived from both lung epithelial cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of lung fibroblasts. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) confers protection against various stressors and has the anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we examined the effect of expression of HSP70 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, a tentative animal model of IPF. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury and inflammatory response were ameliorated in transgenic mice overexpressing HSP70 compared to wild-type mice, even though bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and dysfunction were also suppressed in the transgenic mice. The production of TGF-beta1 and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was lower in cells from the transgenic mice than wild-type mice after the administration of bleomycin. In vitro, the suppression of HSP70 expression stimulated TGF-beta1-induced EMT-like phenotypes of epithelial cells but did not affect the TGF-beta1-dependent activation of fibroblasts. Orally administered geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a clinically used drug with HSP-inducing activity, conferred protection against bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury, as well as against the inflammatory response, fibrosis and dysfunction. These results suggest that HSP70 plays a protective role against bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury, inflammation, fibrosis and dysfunction through cytoprotective effects and by inhibiting the production of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta1-dependent EMT of epithelial cells and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results also suggest that HSP70-inducing drugs, such as GGA, could be beneficial in the prophylaxis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Mungunsukh O, Griffin AJ, Lee YH, Day RM. Bleomycin induces the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in pulmonary endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 298:L696-703. [PMID: 20154224 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00322.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin, a chemotherapeutic agent, can cause pulmonary fibrosis in humans and is commonly used to induce experimental pulmonary fibrosis in rodents. In cell culture, bleomycin causes single- and double-stranded DNA breaks and produces reactive oxidative species, both of which require iron (Fe(2+)) and O(2). The mechanism of bleomycin-induced apoptosis is controversial due to its complexity. We investigated bleomycin apoptotic signaling events in primary pulmonary endothelial cells. Time course experiments revealed that bleomycin induced apoptosis within 4 h. Caspase-8, the initiator caspase for the extrinsic pathway, was activated within 2 h and preceded activation of the effector caspases-3 and -6 (4 h). Caspase-9, the initiator of the intrinsic pathway and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria were not detected at these time points. Bleomycin induced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L), Bcl-2 family member proteins that protect cells from the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptosis. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR results demonstrated that, at 4-8 h, bleomycin induced expression of TNF and TNF receptor family genes known to induce the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Silencing of the death receptor adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain by short interfering RNA significantly reduced bleomycin-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was also abrogated by caspase-8 inhibition, but only slightly reduced by caspase-3 inhibition. Together, these data suggest that bleomycin initiates apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognoon Mungunsukh
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA
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Song JS, Kang CM, Rhee CK, Yoon HK, Kim YK, Moon HS, Park SH. EFFECTS OF ELASTASE INHIBITOR ON THE EPITHELIAL CELL APOPTOSIS IN BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Exp Lung Res 2009; 35:817-29. [DOI: 10.3109/01902140902912527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Neuropeptide substance P attenuates hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress injury in type II alveolar epithelial cells via suppressing the activation of JNK pathway. Lung 2009; 187:421-6. [PMID: 19789913 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-009-9177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress plays a key role in many pulmonary diseases. In an earlier study we found the protective effect of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) on type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) after hyperoxia exposure. Then, we investigated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (C-JNK) signal transduction pathways in AECIIs before and after hyperoxia exposure. Primary AECIIs were isolated and purified from premature rats. Subsequently, the cells were treated with air (21% oxygen), hyperoxia (95% oxygen), SP+ air, and SP+ hyperoxia. SP was added in advance to reach a final concentration 1 x 10(-6) mol/l. The cells were then exposed to air and hyperoxia for 12, 24, and 48 h. XTT cell proliferation assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were employed to detect cell growth and apoptosis. Phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) levels were measured using Western blot assay. The morphological alteration of AECIIs was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Compared with the simple hyperoxia treatment, the cell growth and apoptosis percentage was significantly increased and decreased after adding additional SP. Meanwhile, the reduced levels of p-JNKs could be found after adding SP. Furthermore, the morphological damage of AECIIs was greatly improved. These data suggest that SP can promote AECII proliferation and inhibit apoptosis by suppressing JNK signal pathways after hyperoxia exposure, which attenuates hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress damage in AECIIs. It might be a potential therapy for acute pulmonary injury under hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress.
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Byun JY, Kim MJ, Yoon CH, Cha H, Yoon G, Lee SJ. Oncogenic Ras Signals through Activation of Both Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Rac1 to Induce c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase–Mediated, Caspase-Independent Cell Death. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1534-42. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Safaeian L, Jafarian A, Rabbani M, Sadeghi HM, Torabinia N, Alavi SA. The role of strain variation in BAX and BCL-2 expression in murine bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 11:2606-12. [PMID: 19630211 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.2606.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study hypothesized that the expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes, such as BCL-2 and BAX may be affected by genetic variation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 and NMRI mice. Pulmonary fibrosis induced by single intratracheal dose of bleomycin (3 U kg(-1)). After 2 weeks, lung samples were analyzed for collagen deposition, pathological changes and expression of BCL-2 and BAX. The fibrotic lung changes were similar in both strains. The immunohistochemical assay using a biotin-streptavidin technique showed no significant difference in immunoreactivity for BCL-2 protein between the controls and bleomycin-treated C57BL/6 mice. However, in NMRI mice, the expression of BCL-2 was significantly (p<0.05) upregulated in myofibroblasts and neutrophils. The expression of BAX protein was significantly (p<0.05) upregulated in alveolar epithelial cells of both strains and downregulated in myofibroblasts and lymphocytes of the lung tissues of C57BL/6 mice and also in lymphocytes of NMRI mice at 2 weeks after bleomycin instillation. These results confirm the role of BCL-2 and BAX proteins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and suggest that the expression of apoptotic regulatory genes may be specific in different cell types in various strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
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Takahashi K, Koga K, Linge HM, Zhang Y, Lin X, Metz CN, Al-Abed Y, Ojamaa K, Miller EJ. Macrophage CD74 contributes to MIF-induced pulmonary inflammation. Respir Res 2009; 10:33. [PMID: 19413900 PMCID: PMC2681459 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MIF is a critical mediator of the host defense, and is involved in both acute and chronic responses in the lung. Neutralization of MIF reduces neutrophil accumulation into the lung in animal models. We hypothesized that MIF, in the alveolar space, promotes neutrophil accumulation via activation of the CD74 receptor on macrophages. METHODS To determine whether macrophage CD74 surface expression contributes MIF-induced neutrophil accumulation, we instilled recombinant MIF (r-MIF) into the trachea of mice in the presence or absence of anti-CD74 antibody or the MIF specific inhibitor, ISO-1. Using macrophage culture, we examined the downstream pathways of MIF-induced activation that lead to neutrophil accumulation. RESULTS Intratracheal instillation of r-MIF increased the number of neutrophils as well as the concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) in BAL fluids. CD74 was found to be expressed on the surface of alveolar macrophages, and MIF-induced MIP-2 accumulation was dependent on p44/p42 MAPK in macrophages. Anti-CD74 antibody inhibited MIF-induced p44/p42 MAPK phosphorylation and MIP-2 release by macrophages. Furthermore, we show that anti-CD74 antibody inhibits MIF-induced alveolar accumulation of MIP-2 (control IgG vs. CD74 Ab; 477.1 +/- 136.7 vs. 242.2 +/- 102.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05), KC (1796.2 +/- 436.1 vs. 1138.2 +/- 310.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05) and neutrophils (total number of neutrophils, 3.33 +/- 0.93 x 104 vs. 1.90 +/- 0.61 x 104, p < 0.05) in our mouse model. CONCLUSION MIF-induced neutrophil accumulation in the alveolar space results from interaction with CD74 expressed on the surface of alveolar macrophage cells. This interaction induces p44/p42 MAPK activation and chemokine release. The data suggest that MIF and its receptor, CD74, may be useful targets to reduce neutrophilic lung inflammation, and acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Takahashi
- Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
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50
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Stetler RA, Cao G, Gao Y, Zhang F, Wang S, Weng Z, Vosler P, Zhang L, Signore A, Graham SH, Chen J. Hsp27 protects against ischemic brain injury via attenuation of a novel stress-response cascade upstream of mitochondrial cell death signaling. J Neurosci 2008; 28:13038-55. [PMID: 19052195 PMCID: PMC2614130 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4407-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), a recently discovered member of the heat shock protein family, is markedly induced in the brain after cerebral ischemia and other injury states. In non-neuronal systems, Hsp27 has potent cell death-suppressing functions. However, the mechanism of Hsp27-mediated neuroprotection has not yet been elucidated. Using transgenic and viral overexpression of Hsp27, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which Hsp27 exerts its neuroprotective effect. Overexpression of Hsp27 conferred long-lasting tissue preservation and neurobehavioral recovery, as measured by infarct volume, sensorimotor function, and cognitive tasks up to 3 weeks following focal cerebral ischemia. Examination of signaling pathways critical to neuronal death demonstrated that Hsp27 overexpression led to the suppression of the MKK4/JNK kinase cascade. While Hsp27 overexpression did not suppress activation of an upstream regulatory kinase of the MKK/JNK cascade, ASK1, Hsp27 effectively inhibited ASK1 activity via a physical association through its N-terminal domain and the kinase domain of ASK1. The N-terminal region of Hsp27 was required for neuroprotective function against in vitro ischemia. Moreover, knockdown of ASK1 or inhibition of the ASK1/MKK4 cascade effectively inhibited cell death following neuronal ischemia. This underscores the importance of this kinase cascade in the progression of ischemic neuronal death. Inhibition of PI3K had no effect on Hsp27-mediated neuroprotection, suggesting that Hsp27 does not promote cell survival via activation of PI3K/Akt. Based on these findings, we conclude that overexpression of Hsp27 confers long-lasting neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury via a previously unexplored association and inhibition of ASK1 kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Anne Stetler
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China, and
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China, and
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China, and
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Zhongfang Weng
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Peter Vosler
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Armando Signore
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Steven H. Graham
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China, and
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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