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Gerasimovskaya E, Patil RS, Davies A, Maloney ME, Simon L, Mohamed B, Cherian-Shaw M, Verin AD. Extracellular purines in lung endothelial permeability and pulmonary diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1450673. [PMID: 39234309 PMCID: PMC11372795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1450673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system is an evolutionarily conserved and critical regulatory circuit that maintains homeostatic balance across various organ systems and cell types by providing compensatory responses to diverse pathologies. Despite cardiovascular diseases taking a leading position in human morbidity and mortality worldwide, pulmonary diseases represent significant health concerns as well. The endothelium of both pulmonary and systemic circulation (bronchial vessels) plays a pivotal role in maintaining lung tissue homeostasis by providing an active barrier and modulating adhesion and infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, investigations into purinergic regulation of lung endothelium have remained limited, despite widespread recognition of the role of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in hypoxic, inflammatory, and immune responses within the pulmonary microenvironment. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic aspects of purinergic signaling in vascular endothelium and highlight recent studies focusing on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and endothelial cells from the pulmonary artery vasa vasorum. Through this compilation of research findings, we aim to shed light on the emerging insights into the purinergic modulation of pulmonary endothelial function and its implications for lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul S Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Adrian Davies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - McKenzie E Maloney
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Office of Academic Affairs, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Liselle Simon
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Basmah Mohamed
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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2
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De Masi R, Orlando S, Carata E, Panzarini E. Ultrastructural Characterization of PBMCs and Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6867. [PMID: 38999977 PMCID: PMC11241448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence identifies extracellular vesicles (EVs) as important cell-to-cell signal transducers in autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). If the etiology of MS still remains unknown, its molecular physiology has been well studied, indicating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as the main pathologically relevant contributors to the disease and to neuroinflammation. Recently, several studies have suggested the involvement of EVs as key mediators of neuroimmune crosstalk in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. To assess the role of EVs in MS, we applied electron microscopy (EM) techniques and Western blot analysis to study the morphology and content of plasma-derived EVs as well as the ultrastructure of PBMCs, considering four MS patients and four healthy controls. Through its exploratory nature, our study was able to detect significant differences between groups. Pseudopods and large vesicles were more numerous at the plasmalemma interface of cases, as were endoplasmic vesicles, resulting in an activated aspect of the PBMCs. Moreover, PBMCs from MS patients also showed an increased number of multivesicular bodies within the cytoplasm and amorphous material around the vesicles. In addition, we observed a high number of plasma-membrane-covered extensions, with multiple associated large vesicles and numerous autophagosomal vacuoles containing undigested cytoplasmic material. Finally, the study of EV cargo evidenced a number of dysregulated molecules in MS patients, including GANAB, IFI35, Cortactin, Septin 2, Cofilin 1, and ARHGDIA, that serve as inflammatory signals in a context of altered vesicular dynamics. We concluded that EM coupled with Western blot analysis applied to PBMCs and vesiculation can enhance our knowledge in the physiopathology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Masi
- Complex Operative Unit of Neurology, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Carata
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of the Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of the Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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3
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Wang Y, Wang M, Wang Y. Irisin: A Potentially Fresh Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Aging. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1112. [PMID: 38029393 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that affects all living organisms, including humans. Aging is a complex process that involves the gradual deterioration of various biological processes and systems, including the cardiovascular system. Vascular aging refers to age-related changes in blood vessels. These changes can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Recently, an exercise-induced muscle factor, irisin, was found to directly improve metabolism and regulate the balance of glucolipid metabolism, thereby counteracting obesity and insulin resistance. Based on a growing body of evidence, irisin modulates vascular aging. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a pivotal cellular energy sensor and metabolic modulator, acting as a central signaling cascade to coordinate various cellular processes necessary for maintaining vascular homeostasis. The vascular regulatory effects of irisin are closely intertwined with its interaction with the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, understanding the molecular processes used by irisin to regulate changes in vascular diseases caused by aging may inspire the development of techniques that promote healthy vascular aging. This review sought to describe the impact of irisin on the molecular mechanisms of vascular aging, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetics, from the perspective of endothelial cell function and vascular macroregulation, and summarize the multiple signaling pathways used by irisin to regulate vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Manying Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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4
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Belvitch P, Casanova N, Sun X, Camp SM, Sammani S, Brown ME, Mascarhenas J, Lynn H, Adyshev D, Siegler J, Desai A, Seyed-Saadat L, Rizzo A, Bime C, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP, Reilly JP, Jones TK, Feng R, Letsiou E, Meyer NJ, Ellis N, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. A cortactin CTTN coding SNP contributes to lung vascular permeability and inflammatory disease severity in African descent subjects. Transl Res 2022; 244:56-74. [PMID: 35181549 PMCID: PMC9119916 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cortactin gene (CTTN), encoding an actin-binding protein critically involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity, contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with severe asthma in Black patients. As loss of lung EC integrity is a major driver of mortality in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and the acute chest syndrome (ACS), we speculated CTTN SNPs that alter EC barrier function will associate with clinical outcomes from these types of conditions in Black patients. In case-control studies, evaluation of a nonsynonymous CTTN coding SNP Ser484Asn (rs56162978, G/A) in a severe sepsis cohort (725 Black subjects) revealed significant association with increased risk of sepsis mortality. In a separate cohort of sickle cell disease (SCD) subjects with and without ACS (177 SCD Black subjects), significantly increased risk of ACS and increased ACS severity (need for mechanical ventilation) was observed in carriers of the A allele. Human lung EC expressing the cortactin S484N transgene exhibited: (i) delayed EC barrier recovery following thrombin-induced permeability; (ii) reduced levels of critical Tyr486 cortactin phosphorylation; (iii) inhibited binding to the cytoskeletal regulator, nmMLCK; and (iv) attenuated EC barrier-promoting lamellipodia dynamics and biophysical responses. ARDS-challenged Cttn+/- heterozygous mice exhibited increased lung vascular permeability (compared to wild-type mice) which was significantly attenuated by IV delivery of liposomes encargoed with CTTN WT transgene but not by CTTN S484N transgene. In summary, these studies suggest that the CTTN S484N coding SNP contributes to severity of inflammatory injury in Black patients, potentially via delayed vascular barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Joseph Mascarhenas
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heather Lynn
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Djanybek Adyshev
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Siegler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laleh Seyed-Saadat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alicia Rizzo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - John P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffanie K Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Ellis
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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5
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Jones NM, Sysol JR, Singla S, Smith P, Sandusky GE, Wang H, Natarajan V, Dudek SM, Machado RF. Cortactin loss protects against hemin-induced acute lung injury in sickle cell disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L890-L897. [PMID: 35503995 PMCID: PMC9169831 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00274.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common form of acute lung injury and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of ACS is complex, and hemin, the prosthetic moiety of hemoglobin, has been implicated in endothelial cell (EC) activation and subsequent acute lung injury (ALI) and ACS in vitro and in animal studies. Here, we examined the role of cortactin (CTTN), a cytoskeletal protein that regulates EC function, in response to hemin-induced ALI and ACS. Cortactin heterozygous (Cttn+/-) mice (n = 8) and their wild-type siblings (n = 8) were irradiated and subsequently received bone marrow cells (BMCs) extruded from the femurs of SCD mice (SS) to generate SS Cttn+/- and SS CttnWT chimeras. Following hemoglobin electrophoretic proof of BMC transplantation, the mice received 35 µmol/kg of hemin. Within 24 h, surviving mice were euthanized, and bronchoalveolar fluid (BAL) and lung samples were analyzed. For in vitro studies, human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) were used to determine hemin-induced changes in gene expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in cortactin deficiency and control conditions. When compared with wild-type littermates, the mortality for SS Cttn+/- mice trended to be lower after hemin infusion and these mice exhibited less severe lung injury and less necroptotic cell death. In vitro studies confirmed that cortactin deficiency is protective against hemin-induced injury in HMLVECs, by decreasing protein expression of p38/HSP27, improving cell barrier function, and decreasing the production of ROS. Further studies examining the role of CTTN in ACS are warranted and may open a new avenue of potential treatment for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Justin R Sysol
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sunit Singla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patricia Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George E Sandusky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Huashan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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6
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Bandela M, Belvitch P, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Cortactin in Lung Cell Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4606. [PMID: 35562995 PMCID: PMC9101201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN) is an actin-binding and cytoskeletal protein that is found in abundance in the cell cortex and other peripheral structures of most cell types. It was initially described as a target for Src-mediated phosphorylation at several tyrosine sites within CTTN, and post-translational modifications at these tyrosine sites are a primary regulator of its function. CTTN participates in multiple cellular functions that require cytoskeletal rearrangement, including lamellipodia formation, cell migration, invasion, and various other processes dependent upon the cell type involved. The role of CTTN in vascular endothelial cells is particularly important for promoting barrier integrity and inhibiting vascular permeability and tissue edema. To mediate its functional effects, CTTN undergoes multiple post-translational modifications and interacts with numerous other proteins to alter cytoskeletal structures and signaling mechanisms. In the present review, we briefly describe CTTN structure, post-translational modifications, and protein binding partners and then focus on its role in regulating cellular processes and well-established functional mechanisms, primarily in vascular endothelial cells and disease models. We then provide insights into how CTTN function affects the pathophysiology of multiple lung disorders, including acute lung injury syndromes, COPD, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounica Bandela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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7
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Li F, Liu Y, Dong Y, Chu Y, Song N, Yang D. Dynamic Assembly of DNA Nanostructures in Living Cells for Mitochondrial Interference. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4667-4677. [PMID: 35254064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Constructing artificial dynamic architectures inside cells to rationally interfere with organelles is emerging as an efficient strategy to regulate the behaviors and fate of cells, thus providing new routes for therapeutics. Herein, we develop an intracellular K+-mediating dynamic assembly of DNA tetrahedrons inside cells, which realizes efficient mitochondrial interference and consequent regulation on the energy metabolism of living cells. In the designer DNA tetrahedron, one vertex was modified with triphenylphosphine (TPP) for mitochondrial targeting, and the other three vertexes were tethered with guanine-rich sequences that could realize K+-mediating formation of intermolecular G-quadruplexes, which consequently led to the assembly of DNA tetrahedrons to form aggregates in the cytoplasm. The DNA aggregates specially targeted mitochondria and served as a polyanionic barrier for substance communication, thus generating a significant inhibition effect on the aerobic respiration function of mitochondria and the associated glycolysis process, which consequently reduced the production of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The lack of ATP impeded the formation of lamellipodium that was essential for the movement of cells, consequently resulting in a significant inhibitory effect on cell migration. Remarkably, the migration capacity was suppressed by as high as 50% for cancer cells. This work provides a new strategy for the manipulation of organelles via the endogenous molecule-mediating dynamic assembly of exogenous artificial architectures inside living cells, which is envisioned to have great potential in precise biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Chu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Nachuan Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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8
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Kobayashi D, Sugiura Y, Umemoto E, Takeda A, Ueta H, Hayasaka H, Matsuzaki S, Katakai T, Suematsu M, Hamachi I, Yegutkin GG, Salmi M, Jalkanen S, Miyasaka M. Extracellular ATP Limits Homeostatic T Cell Migration Within Lymph Nodes. Front Immunol 2022; 12:786595. [PMID: 35003105 PMCID: PMC8728011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the major energy source in cells, extracellular ATP (eATP) released from activated/damaged cells is widely thought to represent a potent damage-associated molecular pattern that promotes inflammatory responses. Here, we provide suggestive evidence that eATP is constitutively produced in the uninflamed lymph node (LN) paracortex by naïve T cells responding to C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) ligand chemokines. Consistently, eATP was markedly reduced in naïve T cell-depleted LNs, including those of nude mice, CCR7-deficient mice, and mice subjected to the interruption of the afferent lymphatics in local LNs. Stimulation with a CCR7 ligand chemokine, CCL19, induced ATP release from LN cells, which inhibited CCR7-dependent lymphocyte migration in vitro by a mechanism dependent on the purinoreceptor P2X7 (P2X7R), and P2X7R inhibition enhanced T cell retention in LNs in vivo. These results collectively indicate that paracortical eATP is produced by naïve T cells in response to constitutively expressed chemokines, and that eATP negatively regulates CCR7-mediated lymphocyte migration within LNs via a specific subtype of ATP receptor, demonstrating its fine-tuning role in homeostatic cell migration within LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Takeda
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hisashi Ueta
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Haruko Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Immune Molecular Function, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.,Department of Radiological Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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9
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Cortactin Modulates Lung Endothelial Apoptosis Induced by Cigarette Smoke. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112869. [PMID: 34831092 PMCID: PMC8616125 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the primary cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and an important pathophysiologic event in COPD is CS-induced apoptosis in lung endothelial cells (EC). Cortactin (CTTN) is a cytoskeletal actin-binding regulatory protein with modulation by Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. Based upon data demonstrating reduced CTTN mRNA levels in the lungs of smokers compared to non-smokers, we hypothesized a functional role for CTTN in CS-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and apoptosis in lung EC. Exposure of cultured human lung EC to CS condensate (CSC) led to the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and increased CTTN tyrosine phosphorylation (within hours). Exposure to CS significantly increased EC mitochondrial ROS generation and EC apoptosis. The functional role of CTTN in these CSC-induced EC responses was explored using cortactin siRNA to reduce its expression, and by using a blocking peptide for the CTTN SH3 domain, which is critical to cytoskeletal interactions. CTTN siRNA or blockade of its SH3 domain resulted in significantly increased EC mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis and augmented CSC-induced effects. Exposure of lung EC to e-cigarette condensate demonstrated similar results, with CTTN siRNA or SH3 domain blocking peptide increasing lung EC apoptosis. These data demonstrate a novel role for CTTN in modulating lung EC apoptosis induced by CS or e-cigarettes potentially providing new insights into COPD pathogenesis.
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10
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Ho-Tin-Noé B, Le Chapelain O, Camerer E. Platelets maintain vascular barrier function in the absence of injury or inflammation. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1145-1148. [PMID: 33595179 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Le Chapelain
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Camerer
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM U970, Paris, France
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11
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Xu X, Su Y, Wu K, Pan F, Wang A. DOCK2 contributes to endotoxemia-induced acute lung injury in mice by activating proinflammatory macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 184:114399. [PMID: 33382969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2), an atypical Rac activator, has important anti-inflammatory properties in blepharitis, enteric bacterial infection and colitis. However, the roles of DOCK2 in macrophage activation and acute lung injury (ALI) are still poorly elucidated. In vitro studies demonstrated that DOCK2 was essential for the nucleotide-sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages. We also confirmed that exposure of macrophages to LPS induced Rac activation through a TLR4-independent, DOCK2-dependent mechanism. Phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) β and nuclear translocation of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were impaired in Ad-shDOCK2-expressing macrophages, resulting in a decreased inflammatory response. Similar results were obtained when EHop-016 (a Rac inhibitor) was used to treat uninfected macrophages. In summary, these data indicate that the DOCK2-Rac signaling pathway acts in parallel with TLR4 engagement to control IKKβ activation for inflammatory cytokine release. Next, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of DOCK2 protects against endotoxemia-induced lung injury in mice. Treatment with 4-[3'-(2″-chlorophenyl)-2'-propen-1'-ylidene]-1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (CPYPP), a small-molecule inhibitor of DOCK2, reduced the severity of lung injury, as indicated by decreases in the lung injury score and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Moreover, CPYPP attenuated LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine release in mice. Our studies suggest that inhibition of DOCK2 may suppress LPS-induced macrophage activation and that DOCK2 may be a novel target for treating endotoxemia-related ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaifeng People's Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Kaixuan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
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12
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Strassheim D, Verin A, Batori R, Nijmeh H, Burns N, Kovacs-Kasa A, Umapathy NS, Kotamarthi J, Gokhale YS, Karoor V, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. P2Y Purinergic Receptors, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186855. [PMID: 32962005 PMCID: PMC7555413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic G-protein-coupled receptors are ancient and the most abundant group of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The wide distribution of purinergic receptors in the cardiovascular system, together with the expression of multiple receptor subtypes in endothelial cells (ECs) and other vascular cells demonstrates the physiological importance of the purinergic signaling system in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the contribution of purinergic P2Y receptors to endothelial dysfunction (ED) in numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Endothelial dysfunction can be defined as a shift from a “calm” or non-activated state, characterized by low permeability, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, to a “activated” state, characterized by vasoconstriction and increased permeability, pro-thrombotic, and pro-inflammatory properties. This state of ED is observed in many diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, sepsis, and pulmonary hypertension. Herein, we review the recent advances in P2Y receptor physiology and emphasize some of their unique signaling features in pulmonary endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Robert Batori
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Hala Nijmeh
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Nana Burns
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | | | - Janavi Kotamarthi
- The Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.K.); (Y.S.G.)
| | - Yash S. Gokhale
- The Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.K.); (Y.S.G.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-5614
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13
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Bi J, Zhang J, Ren Y, Du Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhang L, Shi Z, Wu Z, Lv Y, Wu R. Exercise hormone irisin mitigates endothelial barrier dysfunction and microvascular leakage-related diseases. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136277. [PMID: 32516137 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased microvascular leakage is a cardinal feature of many critical diseases. Regular exercise is associated with improved endothelial function and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Irisin, secreted during exercise, contributes to many health benefits of exercise. However, the effects of irisin on endothelial function and microvascular leakage remain unknown. In this study, we found that irisin remarkably strengthened endothelial junctions and barrier function via binding to integrin αVβ5 receptor in LPS-treated endothelial cells. The beneficial effect of irisin was associated with suppression of the Src-MLCK-β-catenin pathway, activation of the AMPK-Cdc42/Rac1 pathway, and improvement of mitochondrial function. In preclinical models of microvascular leakage, exogenous irisin improved pulmonary function, decreased lung edema and injury, suppressed inflammation, and increased survival. In ARDS patients, serum irisin levels were decreased and inversely correlated with disease severity and mortality. In conclusion, irisin enhances endothelial barrier function and mitigates microvascular leakage-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Zhaoqing Du
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | | | | | - Yawen Wang
- Biobank.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering
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14
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Verin AD, Batori R, Kovacs-Kasa A, Cherian-Shaw M, Kumar S, Czikora I, Karoor V, Strassheim D, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. Extracellular adenosine enhances pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cell barrier function via Gi/ELMO1/Rac1/PKA-dependent signaling mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C183-C193. [PMID: 32432925 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00505.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vasa vasorum (VV), the microvascular network around large vessels, has been recognized as an important contributor to the pathological vascular remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. In bovine and rat models of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH), we have previously shown that chronic hypoxia profoundly increased pulmonary artery (PA) VV permeability, associated with infiltration of inflammatory and progenitor cells in the arterial wall, perivascular inflammation, and structural vascular remodeling. Extracellular adenosine was shown to exhibit a barrier-protective effect on VV endothelial cells (VVEC) via cAMP-independent mechanisms, which involved adenosine A1 receptor-mediated activation of Gi-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Using VVEC isolated from the adventitia of calf PA, in this study we investigated in more detail the mechanisms linking Gi activation to downstream barrier protection pathways. Using a small-interference RNA (siRNA) technique and transendothelial electrical resistance assay, we found that the adaptor protein, engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1), the tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2, and atypical Gi- and Rac1-mediated protein kinase A activation are implicated in VVEC barrier enhancement. In contrast, the actin-interacting GTP-binding protein, girdin, and the p21-activated kinase 1 downstream target, LIM kinase, are not involved in this response. In addition, adenosine-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangement involves activation of cofilin and inactivation of ezrin-radixin-moesin regulatory cytoskeletal proteins, consistent with a barrier-protective mechanism. Collectively, our data indicate that targeting adenosine receptors and downstream barrier-protective pathways in VVEC may have a potential translational significance in developing pharmacological approach for the VV barrier protection in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Batori
- Augusta University Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Augusta University Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Istvan Czikora
- Augusta University Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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15
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Actin-Binding Protein Cortactin Promotes Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Supporting Leukocyte Infiltration into the Central Nervous System. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1389-1404. [PMID: 31911458 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1266-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte entry into the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for immune surveillance but is also the basis for the development of pathologic inflammatory conditions within the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The actin-binding protein, cortactin, in endothelial cells is an important player in regulating the interaction of immune cells with the vascular endothelium. Cortactin has been shown to control the integrity of the endothelial barrier and to support neutrophil transendothelial migration in vitro and in vivo in the skin. Here we use cortactin gene-inactivated male and female mice to study the role of this protein in EAE. Inducing EAE by immunization with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55) revealed an ameliorated disease course in cortactin gene-deficient female mice compared with WT mice. However, proliferation capacity and expression of IL-17A and IFNγ by cortactin-deficient and WT splenocytes did not differ, suggesting that the lack of cortactin does not affect induction of the immune response. Rather, cortactin deficiency caused decreased vascular permeability and reduced leukocyte infiltration into the brains and spinal cords of EAE mice. Accordingly, cortactin gene-deficient mice had smaller numbers of proinflammatory cuffs, less extensive demyelination, and reduced expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines within the neural tissue compared with WT littermates. Thus, cortactin contributes to the development of neural inflammation by supporting leukocyte transmigration through the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, represents a potential candidate for targeting CNS autoimmunity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder, based on the entry of inflammatory leukocytes into the CNS where these cells cause demyelination and neurodegeneration. Here, we use a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and show that gene inactivation of cortactin, an actin binding protein that modulates actin dynamics and branching, protects against neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Leukocyte infiltration into the CNS was inhibited in cortactin-deficient mice, and lack of cortactin in cultured primary brain endothelial cells inhibited leukocyte transmigration. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS and induction of vascular permeability were reduced. We conclude that cortactin represents a novel potential target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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16
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Hennigs JK, Lüneburg N, Stage A, Schmitz M, Körbelin J, Harbaum L, Matuszcak C, Mienert J, Bokemeyer C, Böger RH, Kiefmann R, Klose H. The P2-receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signalosome of the human pulmonary endothelium - implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:299-311. [PMID: 31396838 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the pulmonary endothelium is associated with most lung diseases. Extracellular nucleotides modulate a plethora of endothelial functions in the lung such as vessel integrity, vasodilatation, inflammatory, and thrombotic responses as well as survival and DNA repair, mostly via Ca2+ signaling pathways. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular components of the underlying P2 receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathways in the lung has not been conducted so far. Therefore, our aim was to identify the principal P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome in the human pulmonary endothelium and investigate potential dysregulation in pulmonary vascular disease. Comparative transcriptomics and quantitative immunohistochemistry were performed on publicly available RNA sequencing and protein datasets to identify the specific expression profile of the P2-receptor Ca2+ signalosome in the healthy human pulmonary endothelium and endothelial cells (EC) dysfunctional due to loss of or defective bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2). Functional expression of signalosome components was tested by single cell Ca2+ imaging. Comparative transcriptome analysis of 11 endothelial cell subtypes revealed a specific P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome signature for the pulmonary endothelium. Pulmonary endothelial expression of the most abundantly expressed Ca2+ toolkit genes CALM1, CALM2, VDAC1, and GNAS was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). P2RX1, P2RX4, P2RY6, and P2YR11 showed strong lung endothelial staining by IHC, P2X5, and P2Y1 were found to a much lesser extent. Very weak or no signals were detected for all other P2 receptors. Stimulation of human pulmonary artery (HPA) EC by purine nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP led to robust intracellular Ca2+ signals mediated through both P2X and P2Y receptors. Pyrimidine UTP and UDP-mediated Ca2+ signals were generated almost exclusively by activation of P2Y receptors. HPAEC made dysfunctional by siRNA-mediated BMPR2 depletion showed downregulation of 18 and upregulation of 19 P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome genes including PLCD4, which was found to be upregulated in iPSC-EC from BMPR2-mutant patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In conclusion, the human pulmonary endothelium expresses a distinct functional subset of the P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome. Composition of the P2 receptor Ca2+ toolkit in the pulmonary endothelium is susceptible to genetic disturbances likely contributing to an unfavorable pulmonary disease phenotype found in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K Hennigs
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Lüneburg
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annett Stage
- Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schmitz
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Harbaum
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Mienert
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Kiefmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Klose
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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18
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Fu P, Shaaya M, Harijith A, Jacobson JR, Karginov A, Natarajan V. Sphingolipids Signaling in Lamellipodia Formation and Enhancement of Endothelial Barrier Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:1-31. [PMID: 30360778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, first described in the brain in 1884, are important structural components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic cells. In recent years, several lines of evidence support the critical role of sphingolipids such as sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and ceramide as anti- or pro-inflammatory bioactive lipid mediators in a variety of human pathologies including pulmonary and vascular disorders. Among the sphingolipids, S1P is a naturally occurring agonist that exhibits potent barrier enhancing property in the endothelium by signaling via G protein-coupled S1P1 receptor. S1P, S1P analogs, and other barrier enhancing agents such as HGF, oxidized phospholipids, and statins also utilize the S1P/S1P1 signaling pathway to generate membrane protrusions or lamellipodia, which have been implicated in resealing of endothelial gaps and maintenance of barrier integrity. A better understanding of sphingolipids mediated regulation of lamellipodia formation and barrier enhancement of the endothelium will be critical for the development of sphingolipid-based therapies to alleviate pulmonary disorders such as sepsis-, radiation-, and mechanical ventilation-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrei Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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19
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Kovacs-Kasa A, Kim KM, Cherian-Shaw M, Black SM, Fulton DJ, Verin AD. Extracellular adenosine-induced Rac1 activation in pulmonary endothelium: Molecular mechanisms and barrier-protective role. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5736-5746. [PMID: 29168172 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Gs-coupled adenosine receptors (A2a) are primarily involved in adenosine-induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (HPAEC) barrier enhancement. However, the downstream events that mediate the strengthening of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier via adenosine signaling are largely unknown. In the current study, we tested the overall hypothesis that adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and EC barrier enhancement is mediated by Gs-dependent stimulation of cAMP-dependent Epac1-mediated signaling cascades. Adenoviral transduction of HPAEC with constitutively-active (C/A) Rac1 (V12Rac1) significantly increases transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) reflecting an enhancement of the EC barrier. Conversely, expression of an inactive Rac1 mutant (N17Rac1) decreases TER reflecting a compromised EC barrier. The adenosine-induced increase in TER was accompanied by activation of Rac1, decrease in contractility (MLC dephosphorylation), but not Rho inhibition. Conversely, inhibition of Rac1 activity attenuates adenosine-induced increase in TER. We next examined the role of cAMP-activated Epac1 and its putative downstream targets Rac1, Vav2, Rap1, and Tiam1. Depletion of Epac1 attenuated the adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and the increase in TER. Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Vav2 and Rap1a expression significantly attenuated adenosine-induced increases in TER and activation of Rac1. Depletion of Rap1b only modestly impacted adenosine-induced increases in TER and Tiam1 depletion had no effect on adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and TER. Together these data strongly suggest that Rac1 activity is required for adenosine-induced EC barrier enhancement and that the activation of Rac1 and ability to strengthen the EC barrier depends, at least in part, on cAMP-dependent Epac1/Vav2/Rap1-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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20
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Cortactin: Cell Functions of A Multifaceted Actin-Binding Protein. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:79-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Radeva MY, Waschke J. Mind the gap: mechanisms regulating the endothelial barrier. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28231640 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial barrier consists of intercellular contacts localized in the cleft between endothelial cells, which is covered by the glycocalyx in a sievelike manner. Both types of barrier-forming junctions, i.e. the adherens junction (AJ) serving mechanical anchorage and mechanotransduction and the tight junction (TJ) sealing the intercellular space to limit paracellular permeability, are tethered to the actin cytoskeleton. Under resting conditions, the endothelium thereby builds a selective layer controlling the exchange of fluid and solutes with the surrounding tissue. However, in the situation of an inflammatory response such as in anaphylaxis or sepsis intercellular contacts disintegrate in post-capillary venules leading to intercellular gap formation. The resulting oedema can cause shock and multi-organ failure. Therefore, maintenance as well as coordinated opening and closure of interendothelial junctions is tightly regulated. The two principle underlying mechanisms comprise spatiotemporal activity control of the small GTPases Rac1 and RhoA and the balance of the phosphorylation state of AJ proteins. In the resting state, junctional Rac1 and RhoA activity is enhanced by junctional components, actin-binding proteins, cAMP signalling and extracellular cues such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). In addition, phosphorylation of AJ components is prevented by junction-associated phosphatases including vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP). In contrast, inflammatory mediators inhibiting cAMP/Rac1 signalling cause strong activation of RhoA and induce AJ phosphorylation finally leading to endocytosis and cleavage of VE-cadherin. This results in dissolution of TJs the outcome of which is endothelial barrier breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Y. Radeva
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - J. Waschke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich Germany
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22
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Huang RT, Wu D, Meliton A, Oh MJ, Krause M, Lloyd JA, Nigdelioglu R, Hamanaka RB, Jain MK, Birukova A, Kress JP, Birukov KG, Mutlu GM, Fang Y. Experimental Lung Injury Reduces Krüppel-like Factor 2 to Increase Endothelial Permeability via Regulation of RAPGEF3-Rac1 Signaling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:639-651. [PMID: 27855271 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0668oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by widespread endothelial barrier disruption and uncontrolled cytokine storm. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked multiple genes to ARDS. Although mechanosensitive transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a major regulator of endothelial function, its role in regulating pulmonary vascular integrity in lung injury and ARDS-associated GWAS genes remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To examine KLF2 expression in multiple animal models of acute lung injury and further elucidate the KLF2-mediated pathways involved in endothelial barrier disruption and cytokine storm in experimental lung injury. METHODS Animal and in vitro models of acute lung injury were used to characterize KLF2 expression and its downstream effects responding to influenza A virus (A/WSN/33 [H1N1]), tumor necrosis factor-α, LPS, mechanical stretch/ventilation, or microvascular flow. KLF2 manipulation, permeability measurements, small GTPase activity, luciferase assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and network analyses were used to determine the mechanistic roles of KLF2 in regulating endothelial monolayer integrity, ARDS-associated GWAS genes, and lung pathophysiology. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS KLF2 is significantly reduced in several animal models of acute lung injury. Microvascular endothelial KLF2 is significantly induced by capillary flow but reduced by pathologic cyclic stretch and inflammatory stimuli. KLF2 is a novel activator of small GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 by transcriptionally controlling Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3/exchange factor directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which maintains vascular integrity. KLF2 regulates multiple ARDS GWAS genes related to cytokine storm, oxidation, and coagulation in lung microvascular endothelium. KLF2 overexpression ameliorates LPS-induced lung injury in mice. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of endothelial KLF2 results in dysregulation of lung microvascular homeostasis and contributes to lung pathology in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ting Huang
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Wu
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angelo Meliton
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Myung-Jin Oh
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew Krause
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joyce A Lloyd
- 2 Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Recep Nigdelioglu
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- 3 Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anna Birukova
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John P Kress
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yun Fang
- 1 Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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23
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Oskolkova O, Gawlak G, Tian Y, Ke Y, Sarich N, Son S, Andreasson K, Bochkov VN, Birukova AA, Birukov KG. Prostaglandin E receptor-4 receptor mediates endothelial barrier-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects of oxidized phospholipids. FASEB J 2017; 31:4187-4202. [PMID: 28572443 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601232rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other agonists that cause transient endothelial cell (EC) response, the products of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAPC) oxidation that contain cyclopenthenone groups, which recapitulate prostaglandin-like structure, cause sustained enhancement of the pulmonary EC barrier. The mechanisms that drive the sustained effects by oxidized PAPC (OxPAPC) remain unexplored. On the basis of the structural similarity of isoprostanoid moieties that are present in full-length oxygenated PAPC species, we used an inhibitory approach to perform the screening of prostanoid receptors as potential candidates that mediate OxPAPC effects. Results show that only prostaglandin E receptor-4 (EP4) was involved and mediated the sustained phase of the barrier-enhancing effects of OxPAPC that are associated with the activation of Rac GTPase and its cytoskeletal targets. EC incubation with OxPAPC also induced EP4 mRNA expression in pulmonary ECs and lung tissue. EP4 knockdown using gene-specific small interfering RNA did not affect the rapid phase of OxPAPC-induced EC barrier enhancement or the protective effects against thrombin-induced EC permeability, but abolished the advanced barrier enhancement phase and suppressed the protective effects of OxPAPC against more sustained EC barrier dysfunction and cell inflammatory response caused by TNF-α. Endothelial-specific knockout of the EP4 receptor in mice attenuated the protective effect of intravenous OxPAPC administration in the model of acute lung injury caused by intratracheal injection of LPS. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel role for prostaglandin receptor EP4 in the mediation of barrier-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects caused by oxidized phospholipids.-Oskolkova, O., Gawlak, G., Tian, Y., Ke, Y., Sarich, N., Son, S., Andreasson, K., Bochkov, V. N., Birukova, A. A., Birukov, K. G. Prostaglandin E receptor-4 receptor mediates endothelial barrier-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects of oxidized phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Oskolkova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Grzegorz Gawlak
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicolene Sarich
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sophia Son
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katrin Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Valery N Bochkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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24
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Schnoor M, García Ponce A, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Rossaint J, Zarbock A. Actin dynamics in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment during endotoxemia and sepsis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1985-1997. [PMID: 28154894 PMCID: PMC11107778 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increased vascular permeability is a major hallmark of sepsis. Dynamic alterations in actin fiber formation play an important role in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and thus vascular permeability. Endothelial integrity requires a delicate balance between the formation of cortical actin filaments that maintain endothelial cell contact stability and the formation of actin stress fibers that generate pulling forces, and thus compromise endothelial cell contact stability. Current research has revealed multiple molecular pathways that regulate actin dynamics and endothelial barrier dysfunction during sepsis. These include intracellular signaling proteins of the small GTPases family (e.g., Rap1, RhoA and Rac1) as well as the molecules that are directly acting on the actomyosin cytoskeleton such as myosin light chain kinase and Rho kinases. Another hallmark of sepsis is an excessive recruitment of neutrophils that also involves changes in the actin cytoskeleton in both endothelial cells and neutrophils. This review focuses on the available evidence about molecules that control actin dynamics and regulate endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment. We also discuss treatment strategies using pharmaceutical enzyme inhibitors to target excessive vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alexander García Ponce
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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25
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González-Jamett AM, Guerra MJ, Olivares MJ, Haro-Acuña V, Baéz-Matus X, Vásquez-Navarrete J, Momboisse F, Martinez-Quiles N, Cárdenas AM. The F-Actin Binding Protein Cortactin Regulates the Dynamics of the Exocytotic Fusion Pore through its SH3 Domain. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:130. [PMID: 28522963 PMCID: PMC5415606 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon cell stimulation, the network of cortical actin filaments is rearranged to facilitate the neurosecretory process. This actin rearrangement includes both disruption of the preexisting actin network and de novo actin polymerization. However, the mechanism by which a Ca2+ signal elicits the formation of new actin filaments remains uncertain. Cortactin, an actin-binding protein that promotes actin polymerization in synergy with the nucleation promoting factor N-WASP, could play a key role in this mechanism. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing de novo actin polymerization and exocytosis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing different cortactin or N-WASP domains, or cortactin mutants that fail to interact with proline-rich domain (PRD)-containing proteins, including N-WASP, or to be phosphorylated by Ca2+-dependent kinases, such as ERK1/2 and Src. Our results show that the activation of nicotinic receptors in chromaffin cells promotes cortactin translocation to the cell cortex, where it colocalizes with actin filaments. We further found that, in association with PRD-containing proteins, cortactin contributes to the Ca2+-dependent formation of F-actin, and regulates fusion pore dynamics and the number of exocytotic events induced by activation of nicotinic receptors. However, whereas the actions of cortactin on the fusion pore dynamics seems to depend on the availability of monomeric actin and its phosphorylation by ERK1/2 and Src kinases, cortactin regulates the extent of exocytosis by a mechanism independent of actin polymerization. Together our findings point out a role for cortactin as a critical modulator of actin filament formation and exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlek M González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - María J Guerra
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - María J Olivares
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Valentina Haro-Acuña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Ximena Baéz-Matus
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Jacqueline Vásquez-Navarrete
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Momboisse
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Narcisa Martinez-Quiles
- Departamento de Microbiología (Inmunología), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
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26
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Umapathy NS, Gonzales J, Makala LH, Xu H, Biddinger P, Pace BS. Impaired pulmonary endothelial barrier function in sickle cell mice. Haematologica 2016; 102:e26-e29. [PMID: 27686374 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.153098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nagavedi S Umapathy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Levi H Makala
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | | | - Betty S Pace
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, GA, USA
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27
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García Ponce A, Citalán Madrid AF, Vargas Robles H, Chánez Paredes S, Nava P, Betanzos A, Zarbock A, Rottner K, Vestweber D, Schnoor M. Loss of cortactin causes endothelial barrier dysfunction via disturbed adrenomedullin secretion and actomyosin contractility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29003. [PMID: 27357373 PMCID: PMC4928053 DOI: 10.1038/srep29003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in vascular permeability occur during inflammation and the actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in regulating endothelial cell contacts and permeability. We demonstrated recently that the actin-binding protein cortactin regulates vascular permeability via Rap1. However, it is unknown if the actin cytoskeleton contributes to increased vascular permeability without cortactin. As we consistently observed more actin fibres in cortactin-depleted endothelial cells, we hypothesised that cortactin depletion results in increased stress fibre contractility and endothelial barrier destabilisation. Analysing the contractile machinery, we found increased ROCK1 protein levels in cortactin-depleted endothelium. Concomitantly, myosin light chain phosphorylation was increased while cofilin, mDia and ERM were unaffected. Secretion of the barrier-stabilising hormone adrenomedullin, which activates Rap1 and counteracts actomyosin contractility, was reduced in plasma from cortactin-deficient mice and in supernatants of cortactin-depleted endothelium. Importantly, adrenomedullin administration and ROCK1 inhibition reduced actomyosin contractility and rescued the effect on permeability provoked by cortactin deficiency in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest a new role for cortactin in controlling actomyosin contractility with consequences for endothelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander García Ponce
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Alí F Citalán Madrid
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Vargas Robles
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Chánez Paredes
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Department for Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department for Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Clinic of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
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28
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Shimizu Y, Camp SM, Sun X, Zhou T, Wang T, Garcia JGN. Sp1-mediated nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase expression and enhanced activity in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced vascular permeability. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:707-15. [PMID: 26697178 DOI: 10.1086/684124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the important role played by the nonmuscle isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) in vascular barrier regulation and the implication of both nmMLCK and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the role played by nmMLCK in VEGF-induced vascular permeability is poorly understood. In this study, the role played by nmMLCK in VEGF-induced vascular hyperpermeability was investigated. Human lung endothelial cell barrier integrity in response to VEGF is examined in both the absence and the presence of nmMLCK small interfering RNAs. Levels of nmMLCK messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, and promoter activity expression were monitored after VEGF stimulation in lung endothelial cells. nmMYLK promoter activity was assessed using nmMYLK promoter luciferase reporter constructs with a series of nested deletions. nmMYLK transcriptional regulation was further characterized by examination of a key transcriptional factor. nmMLCK plays an important role in VEGF-induced permeability. We found that activation of the VEGF signaling pathway in lung endothelial cells increases MYLK gene product at both mRNA and protein levels. Increased nmMLCK mRNA and protein expression is a result of increased nmMYLK promoter activity, regulated in part by binding of the Sp1 transcription factor on triggering by the VEGF signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that MYLK is an important ARDS candidate gene and a therapeutic target that is highly influenced by excessive VEGF concentrations in the inflamed lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Shimizu
- Department of Medicine and University of Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine and University of Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine and University of Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Medicine and University of Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine and University of Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine and University of Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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29
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Choi S, Camp SM, Dan A, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM, Leckband DE. A genetic variant of cortactin linked to acute lung injury impairs lamellipodia dynamics and endothelial wound healing. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L983-94. [PMID: 26361873 PMCID: PMC4628987 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00062.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators released in acute lung injury (ALI) trigger the disruption of interendothelial junctions, leading to loss of vascular barrier function, protein-rich pulmonary edema, and severe hypoxemia. Genetic signatures that predict patient recovery or disease progression are poorly defined, but recent genetic screening of ALI patients has identified an association between lung inflammatory disease and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene for the actin-binding and barrier-regulatory protein cortactin. This study investigated the impact of this disease-linked cortactin variant on wound healing processes that may contribute to endothelial barrier restoration. A microfabricated platform was used to quantify wound healing in terms of gap closure speed, lamellipodia dynamics, and cell velocity. Overexpression of wild-type cortactin in endothelial cells (ECs) improved directional cell motility and enhanced lamellipodial protrusion length, resulting in enhanced gap closure rates. By contrast, the cortactin SNP impaired wound closure and cell locomotion, consistent with the observed reduction in lamellipodial protrusion length and persistence. Overexpression of the cortactin SNP in lung ECs mitigated the barrier-enhancing activity of sphingosine 1-phosphate. These findings suggest that this common cortactin variant may functionally contribute to ALI predisposition by impeding endothelial wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwook Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Arkaprava Dan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Deborah E Leckband
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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30
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Abstract
The small G-protein Rap1 plays an important role in the regulation of endothelial barrier function, a process controlled largely by cell–cell adhesions and their connection to the actin cytoskeleton. During the various stages of barrier dynamics, different guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) control Rap1 activity, indicating that Rap1 integrates multiple input signals. Once activated, Rap1 induces numerous signaling cascades, together responsible for the increased endothelial barrier function. Most notably, Rap1 activation results in the inhibition of Rho to decrease radial stress fibers and the activation of Cdc42 to increase junctional actin. This implies that Rap regulates endothelial barrier function by dual control of cytoskeletal tension. The molecular details of the signaling pathways are becoming to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan Pannekoek
- Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Post
- Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Bos
- Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Abu Taha A, Schnittler HJ. Dynamics between actin and the VE-cadherin/catenin complex: novel aspects of the ARP2/3 complex in regulation of endothelial junctions. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:125-35. [PMID: 24621569 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial adherens junctions are critical for physiological and pathological processes such as differentiation, maintenance of entire monolayer integrity, and the remodeling. The endothelial-specific VE-cadherin/catenin complex provides the backbone of adherens junctions and acts in close interaction with actin filaments and actin/myosin-mediated contractility to fulfill the junction demands. The functional connection between the cadherin/catenin complex and actin filaments might be either directly through ?-catenins, or indirectly e.g., via linker proteins such as vinculin, p120ctn, ?-actinin, or EPLIN. However, both junction integrity and dynamic remodeling have to be contemporarily coordinated. The actin-related protein complex ARP2/3 and its activating molecules, such as N-WASP and WAVE, have been shown to regulate the lammellipodia-mediated formation of cell junctions in both epithelium and endothelium. Recent reports now demonstrate a novel aspect of the ARP2/3 complex and the nucleating-promoting factors in the maintenance of endothelial barrier function and junction remodeling of established endothelial cell junctions. Those mechanisms open novel possibilities; not only in fulfilling physiological demands but obtained information may be of critical importance in pathologies such as wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell diapedesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abu Taha
- Institute of Anatomy & Vascular Biology; WWU-Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4; Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-J Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy & Vascular Biology; WWU-Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4; Münster, Germany
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32
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Wang L, Bittman R, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Junctional complex and focal adhesion rearrangement mediates pulmonary endothelial barrier enhancement by FTY720 S-phosphonate. Microvasc Res 2015; 99:102-9. [PMID: 25862132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Modulation of pulmonary vascular barrier function is an important clinical goal given the devastating effects of vascular leak in acute lung injury (ALI). We previously demonstrated that FTY720 S-phosphonate (Tys), an analog of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and FTY720, has more potent pulmonary barrier protective effects than these agents in vitro and in mouse models of ALI. Tys preserves expression of the barrier-promoting S1P1 receptor (S1PR1), whereas S1P and FTY720 induce its ubiquitination and degradation. Here we further characterize the novel barrier promoting effects of Tys in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells (EC). METHODS/RESULTS In human lung EC, Tys significantly increased peripheral redistribution of adherens junction proteins VE-cadherin and β-catenin and tight junction protein ZO-1. Inhibition of VE-cadherin with blocking antibody significantly attenuated Tys-induced transendothelial resistance (TER) elevation, while ZO-1 siRNA partially inhibited this elevation. Tys significantly increased focal adhesion formation and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Pharmacologic inhibition of FAK significantly attenuated Tys-induced TER elevation. Tys significantly increased phosphorylation and peripheral redistribution of the actin-binding protein, cortactin, while cortactin siRNA partially attenuated Tys-induced TER elevation. Although Tys significantly increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, neither PI3 kinase nor GSK3β inhibition altered Tys-induced TER elevation. Tys significantly increased Rac1 activity, while inhibition of Rac1 activity significantly attenuated Tys-induced VE-cadherin redistribution and TER elevation. CONCLUSION Junctional complex, focal adhesion rearrangement and Rac1 activation play critical roles in Tys-mediated barrier protection in pulmonary EC. These results provide mechanistic insights into the effects of this potential ALI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Helenius MH, Vattulainen S, Orcholski M, Aho J, Komulainen A, Taimen P, Wang L, de Jesus Perez VA, Koskenvuo JW, Alastalo TP. Suppression of endothelial CD39/ENTPD1 is associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1046-57. [PMID: 25820525 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00340.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a role in the pathobiology of occlusive vasculopathy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Purinergic signaling pathways, which consist of extracellular nucleotide and nucleoside-mediated cell signaling through specific receptors, are known to be important regulators of vascular tone and remodeling. Therefore, we hypothesized that abnormalities in the vascular purinergic microenvironment are associated with PAH. Enzymatic clearance is crucial to terminate unnecessary cell activation; one of the most abundantly expressed enzymes on the EC surface is E-NTPDase1/CD39, which hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to AMP. we used histological samples from patients and healthy donors, radioisotope-labeled substrates to measure ectoenzyme activity, and a variety of in vitro approaches to study the role of CD39 in PAH. Immunohistochemistry on human idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients' lungs demonstrated that CD39 was significantly downregulated in the endothelium of diseased small arteries. Similarly, CD39 expression and activity were decreased in cultured pulmonary ECs from IPAH patients. Suppression of CD39 in vitro resulted in EC phenotypic switch that gave rise to apoptosis-resistant pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and promoted a microenvironment that induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration. we also identified that the ATP receptor P2Y11 is essential for ATP-mediated EC survival. Furthermore, we report that apelin, a known regulator of pulmonary vascular homeostasis, can potentiate the activity of CD39 both in vitro and in vivo. we conclude that sustained attenuation of CD39 activity through ATP accumulation is tightly linked to vascular dysfunction and remodeling in PAH and could represent a novel target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko H Helenius
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Vattulainen
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark Orcholski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joonas Aho
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Komulainen
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Lingli Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Juha W Koskenvuo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero-Pekka Alastalo
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;
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LAN LEI, HAN YONGSHENG, REN WEI, JIANG JIELONG, WANG PENG, HU ZHAO. Advanced glycation end-products affect the cytoskeletal structure of rat glomerular endothelial cells via the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4321-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Burnstock G, Ralevic V. Purinergic signaling and blood vessels in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:102-92. [PMID: 24335194 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves to cause vasoconstriction via P2X1 receptors, whereas ATP released from endothelial cells in response to changes in blood flow (producing shear stress) or hypoxia acts on P2X and P2Y receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which dilates vessels. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. In this review, we stress the differences in neural and endothelial factors in purinergic control of different blood vessels. The long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides in promoting migration and proliferation of both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis and vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty are described. The pathophysiology of blood vessels and therapeutic potential of purinergic agents in diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia, thrombosis and stroke, diabetes, and migraine, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
Increased endothelial permeability and reduction of alveolar liquid clearance capacity are two leading pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary edema, which is a major complication of acute lung injury, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the pathologies characterized by unacceptably high rates of morbidity and mortality. Besides the success in protective ventilation strategies, no efficient pharmacological approaches exist to treat this devastating condition. Understanding of fundamental mechanisms involved in regulation of endothelial permeability is essential for development of barrier protective therapeutic strategies. Ongoing studies characterized specific barrier protective mechanisms and identified intracellular targets directly involved in regulation of endothelial permeability. Growing evidence suggests that, although each protective agonist triggers a unique pattern of signaling pathways, selected common mechanisms contributing to endothelial barrier protection may be shared by different barrier protective agents. Therefore, understanding of basic barrier protective mechanisms in pulmonary endothelium is essential for selection of optimal treatment of pulmonary edema of different etiology. This article focuses on mechanisms of lung vascular permeability, reviews major intracellular signaling cascades involved in endothelial monolayer barrier preservation and summarizes a current knowledge regarding recently identified compounds which either reduce pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption and hyperpermeability, or reverse preexisting lung vascular barrier compromise induced by pathologic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Birukov
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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De Bock M, Wang N, Decrock E, Bol M, Gadicherla AK, Culot M, Cecchelli R, Bultynck G, Leybaert L. Endothelial calcium dynamics, connexin channels and blood-brain barrier function. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 108:1-20. [PMID: 23851106 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Situated between the circulation and the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from circulating toxins while securing a specialized environment for neuro-glial signaling. BBB capillary endothelial cells exhibit low transcytotic activity and a tight, junctional network that, aided by the cytoskeleton, restricts paracellular permeability. The latter is subject of extensive research as it relates to neuropathology, edema and inflammation. A key determinant in regulating paracellular permeability is the endothelial cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) that affects junctional and cytoskeletal proteins. Ca(2+) signals are not one-time events restricted to a single cell but often appear as oscillatory [Ca(2+)]i changes that may propagate between cells as intercellular Ca(2+) waves. The effect of Ca(2+) oscillations/waves on BBB function is largely unknown and we here review current evidence on how [Ca(2+)]i dynamics influence BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke De Bock
- Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Maharjan S, Kim K, Agrawal V, Choi HJ, Kim NJ, Kim YM, Suh YG, Kwon YG. Sac-1004, a novel vascular leakage blocker, enhances endothelial barrier through the cAMP/Rac/cortactin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Umapathy SN, Kaczmarek E, Fatteh N, Burns N, Lucas R, Stenmark KR, Verin AD, Gerasimovskaya EV. Adenosine A1 receptors promote vasa vasorum endothelial cell barrier integrity via Gi and Akt-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59733. [PMID: 23613714 PMCID: PMC3628712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a neonatal model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, a dramatic pulmonary artery adventitial thickening, accumulation of inflammatory cells in the adventitial compartment, and angiogenic expansion of the vasa vasorum microcirculatory network are observed. These pathophysiological responses suggest that rapidly proliferating vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC) may exhibit increased permeability for circulating blood cells and macromolecules. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations remain unexplored. Some reports implicated extracellular adenosine in the regulation of vascular permeability under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of adenosine in barrier regulation of VVEC isolated from the pulmonary arteries of normoxic (VVEC-Co) or chronically hypoxic (VVEC-Hyp) neonatal calves. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We demonstrate via a transendothelial electrical resistance measurement that exogenous adenosine significantly enhanced the barrier function in VVEC-Co and, to a lesser extent, in VVEC-Hyp. Our data from a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction show that both VVEC-Co and VVEC-Hyp express all four adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), with the highest expression level of A1 receptors (A1Rs). However, A1R expression was significantly lower in VVEC-Hyp compared to VVEC-Co. By using an A1R-specific agonist/antagonist and siRNA, we demonstrate that A1Rs are mostly responsible for adenosine-induced enhancement in barrier function. Adenosine-induced barrier integrity enhancement was attenuated by pretreatment of VVEC with pertussis toxin and GSK690693 or LY294002, suggesting the involvement of Gi proteins and the PI3K-Akt pathway. Moreover, we reveal a critical role of actin cytoskeleton in VVEC barrier regulation by using specific inhibitors of actin and microtubule polymerization. Further, we show that adenosine pretreatment blocked the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced permeability in VVEC-Co, validating its anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that stimulation of A1Rs enhances the barrier function in VVEC by activation of the Gi/PI3K/Akt pathway and remodeling of actin microfilament.
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Bridges CR. Myocardial gene transfer: routes and devices for regulation of transgene expression by modulation of cellular permeability. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:375-92. [PMID: 23427834 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Gene therapy approaches are becoming promising therapeutic modalities to improve underlying molecular processes affecting failing cardiomyocytes. Numerous cardiac clinical gene therapy trials have yet to demonstrate strong positive results and advantages over current pharmacotherapy. The success of gene therapy depends largely on the creation of a reliable and efficient delivery method. The establishment of such a system is determined by its ability to overcome the existing biological barriers, including cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking as well as modulation of cellular permeability. In this article, we describe a variety of physical and mechanical methods, based on the transient disruption of the cell membrane, which are applied in nonviral gene transfer. In addition, we focus on the use of different physiological techniques and devices and pharmacological agents to enhance endothelial permeability. Development of these methods will undoubtedly help solve major problems facing gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
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41
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Shao M, Yue Y, Sun GY, You QH, Wang N, Zhang D. Caveolin-1 regulates Rac1 activation and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial hyperpermeability induced by TNF-α. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55213. [PMID: 23383114 PMCID: PMC3559378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplicity of vital cellular and tissue level functions are controlled by caveolin-1 and it is considered to be an important candidate for targeted therapeutics. Rac1-cortactin signaling plays an important role in maintaining the functions of the endothelial barrier in microvascular endothelial cells. The activity of Rac1 has been shown to be regulated by caveolin-1. Therefore, the present study investigated the consequences of down-regulating caveolin-1 and the subsequent changes in activity of Rac1 and the endothelial barrier functions in primary rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMVECs). RPMVECs were transfected with a small hairpin RNA duplex to down-regulate caveolin-1 expression. This procedure significantly increased the activity of Rac1. Moreover, down-regulation of caveolin-1 attenuated TNF-α-induced decrease in TER, increase in the flux of FITC-BSA and the disappearance of cortactin from the cell periphery in RPMVEC. Rac1 inhibitors significantly abolished this barrier-protective effect induced by down-regulation of caveolin-1 in response to TNF-α in RPMVECs. In conclusion, our data suggest a mechanism for the regulation of Rac1 activity by caveolin-1, with consequences for activation of endothelial cells in response to TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Geng-Yun Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing-Hai You
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Ephstein Y, Singleton PA, Chen W, Wang L, Salgia R, Kanteti P, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN, Jacobson JR. Critical role of S1PR1 and integrin β4 in HGF/c-Met-mediated increases in vascular integrity. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:2191-200. [PMID: 23212923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.404780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity is critical to vessel homeostasis whereas barrier dysfunction is a key feature of inflammatory disorders and tumor angiogenesis. We previously reported that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated increases in EC barrier integrity are signaled through a dynamic complex present in lipid rafts involving its receptor, c-Met. We extended these observations to confirm that S1PR1 (sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1) and integrin β4 (ITGB4) are essential participants in HGF-induced EC barrier enhancement. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated HGF-mediated recruitment of c-Met, ITGB4 and S1PR1 to caveolin-enriched lipid rafts in human lung EC with direct interactions of c-Met with both S1PR1 and ITGB4 accompanied by c-Met-dependent S1PR1 and ITGB4 transactivation. Reduced S1PR1 expression (siRNA) attenuated both ITGB4 and Rac1 activation as well as c-Met/ITGB4 interaction and resulted in decreased transendothelial electrical resistance. Furthermore, reduced ITGB4 expression attenuated HGF-induced c-Met activation, c-Met/S1PR1 interaction, and effected decreases in S1P- and HGF-induced EC barrier enhancement. Finally, the c-Met inhibitor, XL880, suppressed HGF-induced c-Met activation as well as S1PR1 and ITGB4 transactivation. These results support a critical role for S1PR1 and ITGB4 transactivation as rate-limiting events in the transduction of HGF signals via a dynamic c-Met complex resulting in enhanced EC barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Ephstein
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Stenmark KR, Yeager ME, El Kasmi KC, Nozik-Grayck E, Gerasimovskaya EV, Li M, Riddle SR, Frid MG. The adventitia: essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 75:23-47. [PMID: 23216413 PMCID: PMC3762248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. It is the most complex compartment of the vessel wall and is composed of a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, immunomodulatory cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), progenitor cells, vasa vasorum endothelial cells and pericytes, and adrenergic nerves. In response to vascular stress or injury, resident adventitial cells are often the first to be activated and reprogrammed to influence the tone and structure of the vessel wall; to initiate and perpetuate chronic vascular inflammation; and to stimulate expansion of the vasa vasorum, which can act as a conduit for continued inflammatory and progenitor cell delivery to the vessel wall. This review presents the current evidence demonstrating that the adventitia acts as a key regulator of vascular wall function and structure from the outside in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R. Stenmark
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Michael E. Yeager
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Karim C. El Kasmi
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | | | - Min Li
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Suzette R. Riddle
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Maria G. Frid
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
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44
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Öhman J, Erlinge D. The touching story of purinergic signaling in epithelial and endothelial cells. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:599-608. [PMID: 22528685 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Öhman
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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45
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Zhao J, Wei J, Mialki R, Zou C, Mallampalli RK, Zhao Y. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) regulates cortactin ubiquitination and degradation in lung epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19105-14. [PMID: 22514278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.339507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin, an actin-binding protein, is essential for cell growth and motility. We have shown that cortactin is regulated by reversible phosphorylation, but little is known regarding cortactin protein stability. Here, we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cortactin degradation is mediated by extracellular regulated signal kinase (ERK). LPS induces cortactin serine phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation in mouse lung epithelia, an effect abrogated by ERK inhibition. Serine phosphorylation sites mutant, cortactin(S405A/S418A), enhances its protein stability. Cortactin is polyubiquitinated and degraded within the proteasome, whereas a cortactin(K79R) mutant exhibited proteolytic stability during cyclohexamide (CHX) or LPS treatment. The E3 ligase subunit β-Trcp interacts with cortactin, and its overexpression reduced cortactin protein levels, an effect attenuated by ERK inhibition. Overexpression of β-Trcp was sufficient to reduce the protective effects of exogenous cortactin on epithelial cell barrier integrity, an effect not observed after expression of a cortactin(K79R) mutant. These results provide evidence that LPS modulation of cortactin stability is coordinately regulated by stress kinases and the ubiquitin-proteasomal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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46
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De Bock M, Culot M, Wang N, Bol M, Decrock E, De Vuyst E, da Costa A, Dauwe I, Vinken M, Simon AM, Rogiers V, De Ley G, Evans WH, Bultynck G, Dupont G, Cecchelli R, Leybaert L. Connexin channels provide a target to manipulate brain endothelial calcium dynamics and blood-brain barrier permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:1942-57. [PMID: 21654699 PMCID: PMC3185887 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) is an important factor determining the functional state of blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells but little is known on the effect of dynamic [Ca(2+)](i) changes on BBB function. We applied different agonists that trigger [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations and determined the involvement of connexin channels and subsequent effects on endothelial permeability in immortalized and primary brain endothelial cells. The inflammatory peptide bradykinin (BK) triggered [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations and increased endothelial permeability. The latter was prevented by buffering [Ca(2+)](i) with BAPTA, indicating that [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations are crucial in the permeability changes. Bradykinin-triggered [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations were inhibited by interfering with connexin channels, making use of carbenoxolone, Gap27, a peptide blocker of connexin channels, and Cx37/43 knockdown. Gap27 inhibition of the oscillations was rapid (within minutes) and work with connexin hemichannel-permeable dyes indicated hemichannel opening and purinergic signaling in response to stimulation with BK. Moreover, Gap27 inhibited the BK-triggered endothelial permeability increase in in vitro and in vivo experiments. By contrast, [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations provoked by exposure to adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) were not affected by carbenoxolone or Gap27 and ATP did not disturb endothelial permeability. We conclude that interfering with endothelial connexin hemichannels is a novel approach to limiting BBB-permeability alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke De Bock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Adyshev DM, Moldobaeva NK, Elangovan VR, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Differential involvement of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins in sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced human pulmonary endothelial cell barrier enhancement. Cell Signal 2011; 23:2086-96. [PMID: 21864676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction induced by inflammatory agonists is a frequent pathophysiologic event in multiple diseases. The platelet-derived phospholipid sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) reverses this dysfunction by potently enhancing the EC barrier through a process involving Rac GTPase-dependent cortical actin rearrangement as an integral step. In this study we explored the role of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family of actin-binding linker protein in modulating S1P-induced human pulmonary EC barrier enhancement. S1P induces ERM translocation to the EC periphery and promotes ERM phosphorylation on a critical threonine residue (Ezrin-567, Radixin-564, Moesin-558). This phosphorylation is dependent on activation of PKC isoforms and Rac1. The majority of ERM phosphorylation on these critical threonine residues after S1P occurs in moesin and ezrin. Baseline radixin phosphorylation is higher than in the other two ERM proteins but does not increase after S1P. S1P-induced moesin and ezrin threonine phosphorylation is not mediated by the barrier enhancing receptor S1PR1 because siRNA downregulation of S1PR1 fails to inhibit these phosphorylation events, while stimulation of EC with the S1PR1-specific agonist SEW2871 fails to induce these phosphorylation events. Silencing of either all ERM proteins or radixin alone (but not moesin alone) reduced S1P-induced Rac1 activation and phosphorylation of the downstream Rac1 effector PAK1. Radixin siRNA alone, or combined siRNA for all three ERM proteins, dramatically attenuates S1P-induced EC barrier enhancement (measured by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER), peripheral accumulation of di-phospho-MLC, and cortical cytoskeletal rearrangement. In contrast, moesin depletion has the opposite effects on these parameters. Ezrin silencing partially attenuates S1P-induced EC barrier enhancement and cytoskeletal changes. Thus, despite structural similarities and reported functional redundancy, the ERM proteins differentially modulate S1P-induced alterations in lung EC cytoskeleton and permeability. These results suggest that ERM activation is an important regulatory event in EC barrier responses to S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djanybek M Adyshev
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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48
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Schnoor M, Lai FPL, Zarbock A, Kläver R, Polaschegg C, Schulte D, Weich HA, Oelkers JM, Rottner K, Vestweber D. Cortactin deficiency is associated with reduced neutrophil recruitment but increased vascular permeability in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1721-35. [PMID: 21788407 PMCID: PMC3149227 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin is required for endothelial barrier function and leukocyte recruitment in vivo. Neutrophil extravasation and the regulation of vascular permeability require dynamic actin rearrangements in the endothelium. In this study, we analyzed in vivo whether these processes require the function of the actin nucleation–promoting factor cortactin. Basal vascular permeability for high molecular weight substances was enhanced in cortactin-deficient mice. Despite this leakiness, neutrophil extravasation in the tumor necrosis factor–stimulated cremaster was inhibited by the loss of cortactin. The permeability defect was caused by reduced levels of activated Rap1 (Ras-related protein 1) in endothelial cells and could be rescued by activating Rap1 via the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) exchange factor EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP). The defect in neutrophil extravasation was caused by enhanced rolling velocity and reduced adhesion in postcapillary venules. Impaired rolling interactions were linked to contributions of β2-integrin ligands, and firm adhesion was compromised by reduced ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) clustering around neutrophils. A signaling process known to be critical for the formation of ICAM-1–enriched contact areas and for transendothelial migration, the ICAM-1–mediated activation of the GTPase RhoG was blocked in cortactin-deficient endothelial cells. Our results represent the first physiological evidence that cortactin is crucial for orchestrating the molecular events leading to proper endothelial barrier function and leukocyte recruitment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnoor
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D 48149 Münster, Germany
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49
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Yuan JXJ, Garcia JG, West JB, Hales CA, Rich S, Archer SL. Genomics of Acute Lung Injury and Vascular Barrier Dysfunction. TEXTBOOK OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE 2011. [PMCID: PMC7122529 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-87429-6_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating syndrome of diffuse alveolar damage that develops via a variety of local and systemic insults such as sepsis, trauma, pneumonia, and aspiration. It is interestingly to note that only a subset of individuals exposed to potential ALI-inciting insults develop the disorder and the severity of the disease varies from complete resolution to death. In addition, ALI susceptibility and severity are also affected by ethnicity as evidenced by the higher mortality rates observed in African-American ALI patients compared with other ethnic groups in the USA. Moreover, marked differences in strain-specific ALI responses to inflammatory and injurious agents are observed in preclinical animal models. Together, these observations strongly indicate genetic components to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. The identification of genes contributing to ALI would potentially provide a better understanding of ALI pathobiology, yield novel biomarkers, identify individuals or populations at risk, and prove useful for the development of novel and individualized therapies. Genome-wide searches in animal models have identified a number of quantitative trait loci that associate with ALI susceptibility. In this chapter, we utilize a systems biology approach combining cellular signaling pathway analysis with population- based association studies to review established and suspected candidate genes that contribute to dysfunction of endothelial cell barrier integrity and ALI susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason X. -J. Yuan
- Departments of Medicine, COMRB Rm. 3131 (MC 719), University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, 60612 Illinois USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- 310 Admin.Office Building (MC 672), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1737 W. Polk Street, Suite 310, Chicago, 60612 Illinois USA
| | - John B. West
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0623 California USA
| | - Charles A. Hales
- Dept. Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, 02114 Massachusetts USA
| | - Stuart Rich
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, 60637 Illinois USA
| | - Stephen L. Archer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, 60637 Illinois USA
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