1
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Zhang L, Ludden CM, Cullen AJ, Tew KD, Branco de Barros AL, Townsend DM. Nuclear factor kappa B expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115459. [PMID: 37716117 PMCID: PMC10591792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we discuss the role of NF-κB, a proinflammatory transcription factor, in the expression of genes involved in inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis pathways, and link it with prognosis of various human cancers, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We and others have shown that NF-κB activity can be impacted by post-translational S-glutathionylation through reversible formation of a mixed disulfide bond between its cysteine residues and glutathione (GSH). Clinical data analysis showed that high expression of NF-κB correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients, suggesting a tumor promotion function for NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB expression was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and 5-year OS in these patients. NF-κB was over-expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissues. S-glutathionylation of NF-κB caused negative regulation by interfering with DNA binding activities of NF-κB subunits. In response to oxidants, S-glutathionylation of NF-κB also correlated with enhanced lung inflammation. Thus, S-glutathionylation is an important contributor to NF-κB regulation and clinical results highlight the importance of NF-κB in NSCLC, where NF-κB levels are associated with unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Claudia M Ludden
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alexander J Cullen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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2
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Luo Y, Mo D, Guo H, Ye C, Chen B, Zhu H, Deng C, Deng Q, Guo C, Qiu L. NF-κB inactivation attenuates the M1 macrophage polarization in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by glutaredoxin-1 deficiency. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1886-1899. [PMID: 35870170 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is severe inflammatory injury in preterm infants, which resulted from macrophage polarization. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is implicated to be involved in macrophage polarization. We here evaluated the essential role of NF-κB in macrophage polarization in NEC in human samples from neonates with NEC and the mouse experimental NEC model. Enhanced intestinal macrophage (IM) infiltration was presented in human neonates with NEC, the majority of which were M1 macrophages. Meanwhile, NF-κB was activated in the IMs in human NEC samples. NF-κB inhibition by BAY promoted the M1 to M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) deficiency promoted M2 polarization via NF-κB inactivation from the lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory macrophages. The IMs isolated from Grx1- / - mice presented with decreases in total numbers and less macrophage differentiation. Grx1- / - derived IM were effective in the increased survival in experimental NEC through inflammation blocking. Our study provides evidence that NF-κB inactivation by Grx1 depletion contributed to the alleviation of NEC via inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. The modulation to alternative macrophages in the intestines may provide a promising benefits for NEC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Department of General and Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of General and Neonatal Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Mo
- Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Department of General and Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cuilian Ye
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bailin Chen
- Department of General and Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of General and Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Deng
- Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Department of General and Neonatal Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Department of General and Neonatal Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of General and Neonatal Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of gastrointestinal diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Burn, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Huang D, Sun C, Chen M, Bai S, Zhao X, Wang W, Geng K, Huang W, Zhao T, Wu B, Zhang G, Wu D, Xu Y. Bergenin ameliorates airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma by activating SIRT1 in macrophages to regulate the NF-κB pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994878. [PMID: 36313381 PMCID: PMC9606584 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and remodeling are critical pathological changes in asthma, and macrophage activation plays a vital role in this process. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) reduces airway inflammation by affecting macrophages in asthma. This study aimed to investigate the potential benefit and underlying mechanism of the SIRT1 agonist bergenin as a treatment for asthma. We performed in vivo and in vitro experiments by establishing a Sirt1fl/fl-LysMcre mouse asthma model and using the alveolar macrophage-like cell line MH-S, respectively. Our results show that Sirt1fl/fl-LysMcre asthmatic mice exhibited more severe airway inflammation and airway remodeling than wild-type mice. As an activator of SIRT1, bergenin attenuated asthmatic airway pathology and reduced production of interleukins 1β, IL-5, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in wild-type asthmatic mice. However, the therapeutic effects of bergenin were significantly attenuated in Sirt1fl/fl-LysMcre asthmatic mice or following coadministration with the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. Further experiments showed that activation of SIRT1 by bergenin deacetylates nuclear factor κB and hinders its nuclear translocation, thereby affecting IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and MMP-9 production by regulating transcriptional activity. Our study suggests that bergenin can improve asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling by activating SIRT1 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chaoqun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuyou Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuanna Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Kang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Wenbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Guangdong Keguanda Pharmaceutical Technology Co Ltd, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guilin Zhang, ; Dong Wu, ; Youhua Xu,
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Guilin Zhang, ; Dong Wu, ; Youhua Xu,
| | - Youhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
- *Correspondence: Guilin Zhang, ; Dong Wu, ; Youhua Xu,
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4
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Protective Effects of Diets Rich in Polyphenols in Cigarette Smoke (CS)-Induced Oxidative Damages and Associated Health Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071217. [PMID: 35883708 PMCID: PMC9311530 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been responsible for causing many life-threatening diseases such as pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases as well as lung cancer. One of the prominent health implications of cigarette smoking is the oxidative damage of cellular constituents, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. The oxidative damage is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS, oxidants) present in the aqueous extract of cigarette smoke (CS). In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the potential health benefits of dietary polyphenols as natural antioxidant molecules. Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that long-term consumption of diets (fruits, vegetables, tea, and coffee) rich in polyphenols offer protective effects against the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, green tea has chemopreventive effects against CI-induced lung cancer. Tea might prevent CS-induced oxidative damages in diseases because tea polyphenols, such as catechin, EGCG, etc., have strong antioxidant properties. Moreover, apple polyphenols, including catechin and quercetin, provide protection against CS-induced acute lung injury such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In CS-induced health problems, the antioxidant action is often accompanied by the anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenols. In this narrative review, the CS-induced oxidative damages and the associated health implications/pathological conditions (or diseases) and the role of diets rich in polyphenols and/or dietary polyphenolic compounds against various serious/chronic conditions of human health have been delineated.
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5
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Liu M, Wu K, Lin J, Xie Q, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zeng J, Yang Z, Wang Y, Dong S, Deng W, Yang M, Wu S, Jiang W, Li X. Emerging Biological Functions of IL-17A: A New Target in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695957. [PMID: 34305606 PMCID: PMC8294190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes high rates of disability and mortality worldwide because of severe progressive and irreversible symptoms. During the period of COPD initiation and progression, the immune system triggers the activation of various immune cells, including Regulatory T cells (Tregs), dendritic cells (DCs) and Th17 cells, and also the release of many different cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-17A and TGF-β. In recent years, studies have focused on the role of IL-17A in chronic inflammation process, which was found to play a highly critical role in facilitating COPD. Specially, IL-17A and its downstream regulators are potential therapeutic targets for COPD. We mainly focused on the possibility of IL-17A signaling pathways that involved in the progression of COPD; for instance, how IL-17A promotes airway remodeling in COPD? How IL-17A facilitates neutrophil inflammation in COPD? How IL-17A induces the expression of TSLP to promote the progression of COPD? Whether the mature DCs and Tregs participate in this process and how they cooperate with IL-17A to accelerate the development of COPD? And above associated studies could benefit clinical application of therapeutic targets of the disease. Moreover, four novel efficient therapies targeting IL-17A and other molecules for COPD are also concluded, such as Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and curcumin, a natural polyphenol extracted from the root of Curcuma longa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinduan Lin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqiang Xie
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Song Wu
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuefeng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Checa J, Aran JM. Airway Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation Gone Awry: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Emerging Therapeutics in Respiratory Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9317. [PMID: 33297418 PMCID: PMC7731288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As aerobic organisms, we are continuously and throughout our lifetime subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and, most often, to environmental threats. The lung is the internal organ most highly exposed to this milieu. Therefore, it has evolved to confront both oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of pollutants, pathogens, and allergens that promote inflammation and can harm the airways to different degrees. Indeed, an excess of ROS, generated intrinsically or from external sources, can imprint direct damage to key structural cell components (nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, and proteins) and indirectly perturb ROS-mediated signaling in lung epithelia, impairing its homeostasis. These early events complemented with efficient recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated recognition patterns by the airway resident cells alert the immune system, which mounts an inflammatory response to remove the hazards, including collateral dead cells and cellular debris, in an attempt to return to homeostatic conditions. Thus, any major or chronic dysregulation of the redox balance, the air-liquid interface, or defects in epithelial proteins impairing mucociliary clearance or other defense systems may lead to airway damage. Here, we review our understanding of the key role of oxidative stress and inflammation in respiratory pathology, and extensively report current and future trends in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments focusing on the following major acute and chronic lung diseases: acute lung injury/respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep M. Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
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7
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Janssen-Heininger Y, Reynaert NL, van der Vliet A, Anathy V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and glutathione therapeutics in chronic lung diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101516. [PMID: 32249209 PMCID: PMC7251249 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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8
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Shin MJ, Kim DW, Choi YJ, Cha HJ, Lee SH, Lee S, Park J, Han KH, Eum WS, Choi SY. PEP-1-GLRX1 Protein Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Inhibiting the Activation of MAPK and NF-κB Pathways in Raw 264.7 Cells. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31964467 PMCID: PMC7061214 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 1 (GLRX1) has been recognized as an important regulator of redox signaling. Although GLRX1 plays an essential role in cell survival as an antioxidant protein, the function of GLRX1 protein in inflammatory response is still under investigation. Therefore, we wanted to know whether transduced PEP-1-GLRX1 protein inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation. In LPS-exposed Raw 264.7 cells, PEP-1-GLRX1 inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-βB) expression levels. In a TPA-induced mouse-ear edema model, topically applied PEP-1-GLRX1 transduced into ear tissues and significantly ameliorated ear edema. Our data reveal that PEP-1-GLRX1 attenuates inflammation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PEP-1-GLRX1 may be a potential therapeutic protein for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Genesen Inc., Seoul 06181, Korea
| | - Sunghou Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Han
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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9
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Chia SB, Elko EA, Aboushousha R, Manuel AM, van de Wetering C, Druso JE, van der Velden J, Seward DJ, Anathy V, Irvin CG, Lam YW, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Dysregulation of the glutaredoxin/ S-glutathionylation redox axis in lung diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C304-C327. [PMID: 31693398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00410.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione is a major redox buffer, reaching millimolar concentrations within cells and high micromolar concentrations in airways. While glutathione has been traditionally known as an antioxidant defense mechanism that protects the lung tissue from oxidative stress, glutathione more recently has become recognized for its ability to become covalently conjugated to reactive cysteines within proteins, a modification known as S-glutathionylation (or S-glutathiolation or protein mixed disulfide). S-glutathionylation has the potential to change the structure and function of the target protein, owing to its size (the addition of three amino acids) and charge (glutamic acid). S-glutathionylation also protects proteins from irreversible oxidation, allowing them to be enzymatically regenerated. Numerous enzymes have been identified to catalyze the glutathionylation/deglutathionylation reactions, including glutathione S-transferases and glutaredoxins. Although protein S-glutathionylation has been implicated in numerous biological processes, S-glutathionylated proteomes have largely remained unknown. In this paper, we focus on the pathways that regulate GSH homeostasis, S-glutathionylated proteins, and glutaredoxins, and we review methods required toward identification of glutathionylated proteomes. Finally, we present the latest findings on the role of glutathionylation/glutaredoxins in various lung diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi B Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison M Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joseph E Druso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Charles G Irvin
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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10
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Zhang X, Liu P, Zhang C, Chiewchengchol D, Zhao F, Yu H, Li J, Kambara H, Luo KY, Venkataraman A, Zhou Z, Zhou W, Zhu H, Zhao L, Sakai J, Chen Y, Ho YS, Bajrami B, Xu B, Silberstein LE, Cheng T, Xu Y, Ke Y, Luo HR. Positive Regulation of Interleukin-1β Bioactivity by Physiological ROS-Mediated Cysteine S-Glutathionylation. Cell Rep 2018; 20:224-235. [PMID: 28683316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cysteine S-glutathionylation is an important posttranslational modification (PTM) that controls a wide range of intracellular protein activities. However, whether physiological ROS can modulate the function of extracellular components via S-glutathionylation is unknown. Using a screening approach, we identified ROS-mediated cysteine S-glutathionylation on several extracellular cytokines. Glutathionylation of the highly conserved Cys-188 in IL-1β positively regulates its bioactivity by preventing its ROS-induced irreversible oxidation, including sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid formation. We show this mechanism protects IL-1β from deactivation by ROS in an in vivo system of irradiation-induced bone marrow (BM) injury. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1), an enzyme that catalyzes deglutathionylation, was present and active in the extracellular space in serum and the BM, physiologically regulating IL-1β glutathionylation and bioactivity. Collectively, we identify cysteine S-glutathionylation as a cytokine regulatory mechanism that could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Peng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Christie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Direkrit Chiewchengchol
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Hematopathology, Flow Cytometry, Hematology, and Blood Bank Labs, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kate Y Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arvind Venkataraman
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ziling Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiro Sakai
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Besnik Bajrami
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA 01757, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street MS015, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Zhang H, Li X, Zhang Q, Yang F, Chu X, Zhang D, Wang L, Gong Z. Role of histone deacetylase expression levels and activity in the inflammatory responses of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2744-2752. [PMID: 28447718 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation has been demonstrated to serve a pivotal role in numerous inflammatory diseases. The present study examined histone acetylation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and CHB with liver failure by detecting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Mice with acute liver failure (ALF) were treated with the HDAC inhibitor entinostat (MS275) and alterations in HDAC activity and pro‑inflammatory cytokine expression levels were detected. The effect of HDAC1 silencing on LPS-treated RAW264.7 murine macrophages was examined using specific small interfering RNA sequences, and the acetylation level of the non‑histone nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) p65 subunit was additionally examined. The results demonstrated that serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin, and the expression levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, were significantly increased in patients with CHB. Aberrant histone acetylation and HDAC activity were identified in patients with CHB, with their levels associating with disease severity. MS275 treatment may decrease HDAC activity and inhibit the production of cytokines; however, acetylation levels of H3 and H4 were enhanced. Acetylation levels of NF‑κB p65 were decreased in lipopolysaccharide‑treated cells and ALF mice, and were promoted by MS275 treatment and HDAC1 silencing. In conclusion, alterations in HDAC activity and expression levels demonstrated a greater effect on inflammation compared with histone acetylation; therefore, the underlying mechanisms may be associated with the acetylation of non-histones. These results provide a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Chu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Luwen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Short JD, Downs K, Tavakoli S, Asmis R. Protein Thiol Redox Signaling in Monocytes and Macrophages. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:816-835. [PMID: 27288099 PMCID: PMC5107717 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Monocyte and macrophage dysfunction plays a critical role in a wide range of inflammatory disease processes, including obesity, impaired wound healing diabetic complications, and atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence suggests that the earliest events in monocyte or macrophage dysregulation include elevated reactive oxygen species production, thiol modifications, and disruption of redox-sensitive signaling pathways. This review focuses on the current state of research in thiol redox signaling in monocytes and macrophages, including (i) the molecular mechanisms by which reversible protein-S-glutathionylation occurs, (ii) the identification of bona fide S-glutathionylated proteins that occur under physiological conditions, and (iii) how disruptions of thiol redox signaling affect monocyte and macrophage functions and contribute to atherosclerosis. Recent Advances: Recent advances in redox biochemistry and biology as well as redox proteomic techniques have led to the identification of many new thiol redox-regulated proteins and pathways. In addition, major advances have been made in expanding the list of S-glutathionylated proteins and assessing the role that protein-S-glutathionylation and S-glutathionylation-regulating enzymes play in monocyte and macrophage functions, including monocyte transmigration, macrophage polarization, foam cell formation, and macrophage cell death. CRITICAL ISSUES Protein-S-glutathionylation/deglutathionylation in monocytes and macrophages has emerged as a new and important signaling paradigm, which provides a molecular basis for the well-established relationship between metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of specific S-glutathionylated proteins as well as the mechanisms that control this post-translational protein modification in monocytes and macrophages will facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat atherosclerosis and other metabolic diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 816-835.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Short
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kevin Downs
- 2 Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sina Tavakoli
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Reto Asmis
- 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas.,5 Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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13
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Srinivasan P, Thrower EC, Gorelick FS, Said HM. Inhibition of pancreatic acinar mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate uptake by the cigarette smoke component 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G874-83. [PMID: 26999808 PMCID: PMC4888549 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00461.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin is essential for normal metabolism in pancreatic acinar cells (PAC) and is obtained from their microenvironment through specific plasma-membrane transporters, converted to thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) in the cytoplasm, followed by uptake of TPP by mitochondria through the mitochondrial TPP (MTPP) transporter (MTPPT; product of SLC25A19 gene). TPP is essential for normal mitochondrial function. We examined the effect of long-term/chronic exposure of PAC in vitro (pancreatic acinar 266-6 cells) and in vivo (wild-type or transgenic mice carrying the SLC25A19 promoter) of the cigarette smoke toxin, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), on the MTPP uptake process. Our in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate that NNK negatively affects MTPP uptake and reduced expression of MTPPT protein, MTPPT mRNA, and heterogenous nuclear RNA, as well as SLC25A19 promoter activity. The effect of NNK on Slc25a19 transcription was neither mediated by changes in expression of transcriptional factor NFY-1 (known to drive SLC25A19 transcription), nor due to changes in methylation profile of the Slc25a19 promoter. Rather, it appears to be due to changes in histone modifications that involve significant decreases in histone H3K4-trimethylation and H3K9-acetylation (activation markers). The effect of NNK on MTPPT function is mediated through the nonneuronal α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), as indicated by both in vitro (using the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine) and in vivo (using an α7-nAchR(-/-) mouse model) studies. These findings demonstrate that chronic exposure of PAC to NNK negatively impacts PAC MTPP uptake. This effect appears to be exerted at the level of Slc25a19 transcription, involve epigenetic mechanism(s), and is mediated through the α7-nAchR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Srinivasan
- 1Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California;
| | - Edwin C. Thrower
- 3Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | - Fred S. Gorelick
- 4Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and ,5Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hamid M. Said
- 1Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California;
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Structure, function and disease relevance of Omega-class glutathione transferases. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1049-67. [PMID: 26993125 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Omega-class cytosolic glutathione transferases (GSTs) have distinct structural and functional attributes that allow them to perform novel roles unrelated to the functions of other GSTs. Mammalian GSTO1-1 has been found to play a previously unappreciated role in the glutathionylation cycle that is emerging as significant mechanism regulating protein function. GSTO1-1-catalyzed glutathionylation or deglutathionylation of a key signaling protein may explain the requirement for catalytically active GSTO1-1 in LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory signaling through the TLR4 receptor. The observation that ML175 a specific GSTO1-1 inhibitor can block LPS-stimulated inflammatory signaling has opened a new avenue for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs that could be useful in the treatment of toxic shock and other inflammatory disorders. The role of GSTO2-2 remains unclear. As a dehydroascorbate reductase, it could contribute to the maintenance of cellular redox balance and it is interesting to note that the GSTO2 N142D polymorphism has been associated with multiple diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, age-related cataract and breast cancer.
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15
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ZHANG QIAN, YANG FAN, LI XUN, WANG LUWEN, CHU XIAOGANG, ZHANG HONG, GONG ZUOJIONG. Trichostatin A inhibits inflammation in phorbol myristate acetate-induced macrophages by regulating the acetylation of histone and/or non-histone proteins. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:845-52. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Temporal changes in glutaredoxin 1 and protein s-glutathionylation in allergic airway inflammation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122986. [PMID: 25874776 PMCID: PMC4395207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, involving oxidative stress. Upon oxidative stress, glutathione covalently binds to protein thiols to protect them against irreversible oxidation. This posttranslational modification, known as protein S-glutathionylation, can be reversed by glutaredoxin 1 (Glrx1) under physiological condition. Glrx1 is known to increase in the lung tissues of a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. However, the temporal relationship between levels of Glrx1, protein S-glutathionylation, and glutathione in the lungs with allergic airway inflammation is not clearly understood. METHODS BALB/c mice received 3 aerosol challenges with ovalbumin (OVA) following sensitization to OVA. They were sacrificed at 6, 24, 48, or 72 h, or 8 days (5 mice per group), and the levels of Glrx1, protein S-glutathionylation, glutathione, and 25 cytokines/chemokines were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and/or lung tissue. RESULTS Levels of Glrx1 in BALF were significantly elevated in the OVA 6 h (final challenge) group compared to those in the control, with concurrent increases in protein S-glutathionylation levels in the lungs, as well as total glutathione (reduced and oxidized) and oxidized glutathione in BALF. Protein S-glutathionylation levels were attenuated at 24 h, with significant increases in Glrx1 levels in lung tissues at 48 and 72 h. Glrx1 in alveolar macrophages was induced after 6 h. Glrx1 levels concomitantly increased with Th2/NF-κB-related cytokines and chemokines in BALF. CONCLUSIONS The temporal relationships of Glrx1 with protein S-glutathionylation, glutathione, and cytokines/chemokines were observed as dynamic changes in lungs with allergic airway inflammation, suggesting that Glrx1 and protein-SSG redox status may play important roles in the development of allergic airway inflammation.
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17
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Sulfhydryl-mediated redox signaling in inflammation: role in neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1439-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Menon D, Coll R, O'Neill LAJ, Board PG. Glutathione transferase omega 1 is required for the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated induction of NADPH oxidase 1 and the production of reactive oxygen species in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:318-27. [PMID: 24873723 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of macrophages and inflammation via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway through NF-κΒ generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. Because glutathione transferase Omega 1-1 (GSTO1-1) can catalyze redox reactions such as the deglutathionylation of proteins and has also been implicated in the release of IL-1β we investigated its role in the development of LPS-mediated inflammation. Our data show that shRNA knockdown of GSTO1-1 in macrophage-like J774.1A cells blocks the expression of NADPH oxidase 1 and the generation of ROS after LPS stimulation. Similar results were obtained with a GSTO1-1 inhibitor. To maintain high ROS levels during an inflammatory response, LPS stimulation causes the suppression of enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase that protect against oxidative stress. The knockdown of GSTO1-1 also attenuates this response. Our data indicate that GSTO1-1 needs to be catalytically active and mediates its effects on the LPS/TLR4 inflammatory pathway upstream of NF-κΒ. These data suggest that GSTO1-1 is a novel target for anti-inflammatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Menon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Rebecca Coll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Philip G Board
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
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Herold S, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Glutathione on the fas track. A novel drug target for the treatment of pseudomonas infection? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:386-9. [PMID: 24528316 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201401-0063ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Herold
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine II Justus-Liebig-University, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center Member of the German Center for Lung Research Giessen, Germany
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Sundar IK, Nevid MZ, Friedman AE, Rahman I. Cigarette smoke induces distinct histone modifications in lung cells: implications for the pathogenesis of COPD and lung cancer. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:982-96. [PMID: 24283195 PMCID: PMC3975679 DOI: 10.1021/pr400998n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS)-mediated oxidative stress induces several signaling cascades, including kinases, which results in chromatin modifications (histone acetylation/deacetylation and histone methylation/demethylation). We have previously reported that CS induces chromatin remodeling in pro-inflammatory gene promoters; however, the underlying site-specific histone marks formed in histones H3 and H4 during CS exposure in lungs in vivo and in lung cells in vitro, which can either drive gene expression or repression, are not known. We hypothesize that CS exposure in mouse and human bronchial epithelial cells (H292) can cause site-specific posttranslational histone modifications (PTMs) that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CS-induced chronic lung diseases. We used a bottom-up mass spectrometry approach to identify some potentially novel histone marks, including acetylation, monomethylation, and dimethylation, in specific lysine and arginine residues of histones H3 and H4 in mouse lungs and H292 cells. We found that CS-induced distinct posttranslational histone modification patterns in histone H3 and histone H4 in lung cells, which may be considered as usable biomarkers for CS-induced chronic lung diseases. These identified histone marks (histone H3 and histone H4) may play an important role in the epigenetic state during the pathogenesis of smoking-induced chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K. Sundar
- Department of Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY
| | | | - Alan E. Friedman
- Alan E. Friedman Ph.D., Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 611, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester 14642, NY, USA., Tel: 1-585-273-4066; Fax: 1-585-276-0190;
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY
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Eaves-Pyles T, Patel J, Arigi E, Cong Y, Cao A, Garg N, Dhiman M, Pyles RB, Arulanandam B, Miller AL, Popov VL, Soong L, Carlsen ED, Coletta C, Szabo C, Almeida IC. Immunomodulatory and antibacterial effects of cystatin 9 against Francisella tularensis. Mol Med 2013; 19:263-75. [PMID: 23922243 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystatin 9 (CST9) is a member of the type 2 cysteine protease inhibitor family, which has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects that restrain inflammation, but its functions against bacterial infections are unknown. Here, we report that purified human recombinant (r)CST9 protects against the deadly bacterium Francisella tularensis (Ft) in vitro and in vivo. Macrophages infected with the Ft human pathogen Schu 4 (S4), then given 50 pg of rCST9 exhibited significantly decreased intracellular bacterial replication and increased killing via preventing the escape of S4 from the phagosome. Further, rCST9 induced autophagy in macrophages via the regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. rCST9 promoted the upregulation of macrophage proteins involved in antiinflammation and antiapoptosis, while restraining proinflammatory-associated proteins. Interestingly, the viability and virulence of S4 also was decreased directly by rCST9. In a mouse model of Ft inhalation, rCST9 significantly decreased organ bacterial burden and improved survival, which was not accompanied by excessive cytokine secretion or subsequent immune cell migration. The current report is the first to show the immunomodulatory and antimicrobial functions of rCST9 against Ft. We hypothesize that the attenuation of inflammation by rCST9 may be exploited for therapeutic purposes during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonyia Eaves-Pyles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA.
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Sundar IK, Yao H, Rahman I. Oxidative stress and chromatin remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking-related diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1956-71. [PMID: 22978694 PMCID: PMC3624634 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predominantly a tobacco smoke-triggered disease with features of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and aging (inflammaging) of the lung associated with steroid resistance induced by cigarette smoke (CS)-mediated oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induces various kinase signaling pathways leading to chromatin modifications (histone acetylation/deacetylation and histone methylation/demethylation) in inflammation, senescence, and steroid resistance. RECENT ADVANCES Histone mono-, di-, or tri-methylation at lysine residues result in either gene activation (H3K4, H3K36, and H3K79) or repression (H3K9, H3K27, and H3K20). Cross-talk occurs between various epigenetic marks on histones and DNA methylation. Both CS and oxidants alter histone acetylation/deacetylation and methylation/demethylation leading to enhanced proinflammatory gene expression. Chromatin modifications occur in lungs of patients with COPD. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) reduction (levels and activity) is associated with steroid resistance in response to oxidative stress. CRITICAL ISSUES Histone modifications are associated with DNA damage/repair and epigenomic instability as well as premature lung aging, which have implications in the pathogenesis of COPD. HDAC2/SIRTUIN1 (SIRT1)-dependent chromatin modifications are associated with DNA damage-induced inflammation and senescence in response to CS-mediated oxidative stress. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding CS/oxidative stress-mediated chromatin modifications and the cross-talk between histone acetylation and methylation will demonstrate the involvement of epigenetic regulation of chromatin remodeling in inflammaging. This will lead to identification of novel epigenetic-based therapies against COPD and other smoking-related lung diseases. Pharmacological activation of HDAC2/SIRT1 or reversal of their oxidative post-translational modifications may offer therapies for treatment of COPD and CS-related diseases based on epigenetic histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Sakai J, Li J, Subramanian KK, Mondal S, Bajrami B, Hattori H, Jia Y, Dickinson BC, Zhong J, Ye K, Chang CJ, Ho YS, Zhou J, Luo HR. Reactive oxygen species-induced actin glutathionylation controls actin dynamics in neutrophils. Immunity 2012; 37:1037-49. [PMID: 23159440 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of actin dynamics is pivotal for cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis and thus is crucial for neutrophils to fulfill their roles in innate immunity. Many factors have been implicated in signal-induced actin polymerization, but the essential nature of the potential negative modulators are still poorly understood. Here we report that NADPH oxidase-dependent physiologically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively regulate actin polymerization in stimulated neutrophils via driving reversible actin glutathionylation. Disruption of glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1), an enzyme that catalyzes actin deglutathionylation, increased actin glutathionylation, attenuated actin polymerization, and consequently impaired neutrophil polarization, chemotaxis, adhesion, and phagocytosis. Consistently, Grx1-deficient murine neutrophils showed impaired in vivo recruitment to sites of inflammation and reduced bactericidal capability. Together, these results present a physiological role for glutaredoxin and ROS- induced reversible actin glutathionylation in regulation of actin dynamics in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sakai
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Agarwal AR, Zhao L, Sancheti H, Sundar IK, Rahman I, Cadenas E. Short-term cigarette smoke exposure induces reversible changes in energy metabolism and cellular redox status independent of inflammatory responses in mouse lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L889-98. [PMID: 23064950 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00219.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking leads to alteration in cellular redox status, a hallmark in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study examines the role of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in the impairment of energy metabolism and, consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction. Male A/J mice were exposed to CS generated by a smoking machine for 4 or 8 wk. A recovery group was exposed to CS for 8 wk and allowed to recover for 2 wk. Acute CS exposure altered lung glucose metabolism, entailing a decrease in the rate of glycolysis and an increase in the pentose phosphate pathway, as evidenced by altered expression and activity of GAPDH and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively. Impairment of GAPDH was found to be due to glutathionylation of its catalytic site cysteines. Metabolic changes were associated with changes in cellular and mitochondrial redox status, assessed in terms of pyridine nucleotides and glutathione. CS exposure elicited an upregulation of the expression of complexes II, III, IV, and V and of the activity of complexes II, IV, and V. Microarray analysis of gene expression in mouse lungs after exposure to CS for 8 wk revealed upregulation of a group of genes involved in metabolism, electron transfer chain, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial transport and dynamics, and redox regulation. These changes occurred independently of inflammatory responses. These findings have implications for the early onset of alterations in energy and redox metabolism upon acute lung exposure to CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit R Agarwal
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
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Wu W, Peden D, Diaz-Sanchez D. Role of GSTM1 in resistance to lung inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:721-9. [PMID: 22683820 PMCID: PMC3418458 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung inflammation resulting from oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is a common feature of many lung diseases. In particular, the role of enzymes regulated by the NF-E2-related factor 2 transcription factor has recently received increased attention. Among these antioxidant genes, glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) has been most extensively characterized because it has a null polymorphism that is highly prevalent in the population and associated with increased risk of inflammatory lung diseases. Present evidence suggests that GSTM1 acts through interactions with other genes and environmental factors, especially air pollutants. Here, we review GSTM1 gene expression and regulation and summarize the findings from epidemiological, clinical, animal, and in vitro studies on the role played by GSTM1 in lung inflammation. We discuss limitations in the existing knowledge base and future perspectives and evaluate the potential of pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of the GSTM1 gene to modulate pulmonary inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 7599, USA.
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26
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Fitzpatrick AM, Jones DP, Brown LAS. Glutathione redox control of asthma: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:375-408. [PMID: 22304503 PMCID: PMC3353819 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with airway hyper-responsiveness and airflow limitation in response to specific triggers. Whereas inflammation is important for tissue regeneration and wound healing, the profound and sustained inflammatory response associated with asthma may result in airway remodeling that involves smooth muscle hypertrophy, epithelial goblet-cell hyperplasia, and permanent deposition of airway extracellular matrix proteins. Although the specific mechanisms responsible for asthma are still being unraveled, free radicals such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are important mediators of airway tissue damage that are increased in subjects with asthma. There is also a growing body of literature implicating disturbances in oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions and impaired antioxidant defenses as a risk factor for asthma development and asthma severity. Ultimately, these redox-related perturbations result in a vicious cycle of airway inflammation and injury that is not always amenable to current asthma therapy, particularly in cases of severe asthma. This review will discuss disruptions of redox signaling and control in asthma with a focus on the thiol, glutathione, and reduced (thiol) form (GSH). First, GSH synthesis, GSH distribution, and GSH function and homeostasis are discussed. We then review the literature related to GSH redox balance in health and asthma, with an emphasis on human studies. Finally, therapeutic opportunities to restore the GSH redox balance in subjects with asthma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Altered cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation due to ablation of Grx1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38984. [PMID: 22723915 PMCID: PMC3377591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grx) are redox enzymes that remove glutathione bound to protein thiols, know as S-glutathionylation (PSSG). PSSG is a reservoir of GSH and can affect the function of proteins. It inhibits the NF-κB pathway and LPS aspiration in Grx1 KO mice with decreased inflammatory cytokine levels. In this study we investigated whether absence of Grx1 similarly repressed cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in an exposure model in mice. Cigarette smoke exposure for four weeks decreased lung PSSG levels, but increased PSSG in lavaged cells and lavage fluid (BALF). Grx1 KO mice had increased levels of PSSG in lung tissue, BALF and BAL cells in response to smoke compared to wt mice. Importantly, levels of multiple inflammatory mediators in the BALF were decreased in Grx1 KO animals following cigarette smoke exposure compared to wt mice, as were levels of neutrophils, dendritic cells and lymphocytes. On the other hand, macrophage numbers were higher in Grx1 KO mice in response to smoke. Although cigarette smoke in vivo caused inverse effects in inflammatory and resident cells with respect to PSSG, primary macrophages and epithelial cells cultured from Grx1 KO mice both produced less KC compared to cells isolated from WT mice after smoke extract exposure. In this manuscript, we provide evidence that Grx1 has an important role in regulating cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation which seems to diverge from its effects on total PSSG. Secondly, these data expose the differential effect of cigarette smoke on PSSG in inflammatory versus resident lung cells.
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Tully JE, Nolin JD, Guala AS, Hoffman SM, Roberson EC, Lahue KG, van der Velden J, Anathy V, Blackwell TS, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Cooperation between classical and alternative NF-κB pathways regulates proinflammatory responses in epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:497-508. [PMID: 22652196 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0014oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB has been causally linked to inflammatory lung diseases. Recent studies have unraveled the complexity of NF-κB activation by identifying two parallel activation pathways: the classical NF-κB pathway, which is controlled by IκB kinase complex-β (IKKβ) and RelA/p50, and the alternative pathway, which is controlled by IKKα and RelB/p52. The alternative pathway regulates adaptive immune responses and lymphoid development, yet its role in the regulation of innate immune responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we determined the relevance of the alternative NF-κB pathway in proinflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells. The exposure of C10 murine alveolar lung epithelial cells to diverse stimuli, or primary murine tracheal epithelial cells to LPS, resulted in the activation of both NF-κB pathways, based on the nuclear translocation of RelA, p50, RelB, and p52. Increases in the nuclear content of RelA occurred rapidly, but transiently, whereas increases in nuclear RelB content were protracted. The small interfering (si) RNA-mediated knockdown of IKKα, RelA, or RelB resulted in decreases of multiple LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, the siRNA ablation of IKKα or RelB led to marked increases in the production of IL-6 in response to LPS. The simultaneous expression of constitutively active (CA)-IKKα and CA-IKKβ caused synergistic increases in proinflammatory mediators. Lastly, the disruption of the IKK signalsome inhibited the activation of both NF-κB pathways. These results demonstrate that the coordinated activation of both NF-κB pathways regulates the magnitude and nature of proinflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Tully
- Health Sciences Research Facility, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Sabens Liedhegner EA, Gao XH, Mieyal JJ. Mechanisms of altered redox regulation in neurodegenerative diseases--focus on S--glutathionylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:543-66. [PMID: 22066468 PMCID: PMC3270051 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of neurons. A common feature is oxidative stress, which arises when reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) exceed amounts required for normal redox signaling. An imbalance in ROS/RNS alters functionality of cysteines and perturbs thiol-disulfide homeostasis. Many cysteine modifications may occur, but reversible protein mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH) likely represents the common steady-state derivative due to cellular abundance of GSH and ready conversion of cysteine-sulfenic acid and S-nitrosocysteine precursors to S-glutathionylcysteine disulfides. Thus, S-glutathionylation acts in redox signal transduction and serves as a protective mechanism against irreversible cysteine oxidation. Reversal of protein-S-glutathionylation is catalyzed specifically by glutaredoxin which thereby plays a critical role in cellular regulation. This review highlights the role of oxidative modification of proteins, notably S-glutathionylation, and alterations in thiol homeostatic enzyme activities in neurodegenerative diseases, providing insights for therapeutic intervention. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies show that dysregulation of redox signaling and sulfhydryl homeostasis likely contributes to onset/progression of neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress alters the thiol-disulfide status of key proteins that regulate the balance between cell survival and cell death. CRITICAL ISSUES Much of the current information about redox modification of key enzymes and signaling intermediates has been gleaned from studies focused on oxidative stress situations other than the neurodegenerative diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The findings in other contexts are expected to apply to understanding neurodegenerative mechanisms. Identification of selectively glutathionylated proteins in a quantitative fashion will provide new insights about neuropathological consequences of this oxidative protein modification.
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Pimentel D, Haeussler DJ, Matsui R, Burgoyne JR, Cohen RA, Bachschmid MM. Regulation of cell physiology and pathology by protein S-glutathionylation: lessons learned from the cardiovascular system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:524-42. [PMID: 22010840 PMCID: PMC3270052 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species contributing to homeostatic regulation and the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy, is well established. The ability of oxidant species to mediate such effects is in part dependent on their ability to induce specific modifications on particular amino acids, which alter protein function leading to changes in cell signaling and function. The thiol containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, are the only oxidized amino acids that undergo reduction by cellular enzymes and are, therefore, prime candidates in regulating physiological signaling. Various reports illustrate the significance of reversible oxidative modifications on cysteine thiols and their importance in modulating cardiovascular function and physiology. RECENT ADVANCES The use of mass spectrometry, novel labeling techniques, and live cell imaging illustrate the emerging importance of reversible thiol modifications in cellular redox signaling and have advanced our analytical abilities. CRITICAL ISSUES Distinguishing redox signaling from oxidative stress remains unclear. S-nitrosylation as a precursor of S-glutathionylation is controversial and needs further clarification. Subcellular distribution of glutathione (GSH) may play an important role in local regulation, and targeted tools need to be developed. Furthermore, cellular redundancies of thiol metabolism complicate analysis and interpretation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The development of novel pharmacological analogs that specifically target subcellular compartments of GSH to promote or prevent local protein S-glutathionylation as well as the establishment of conditional gene ablation and transgenic animal models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pimentel
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Kuipers I, Bracke KR, Brusselle GG, Wouters EFM, Reynaert NL. Smoke decreases reversible oxidations S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation in mice. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:164-73. [PMID: 22145974 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.647011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke causes irreversible oxidations in lungs, but its impact on reversible and physiologically relevant redox-dependent protein modifications remains to be investigated. Here the effect of cigarette smoke exposure in mice was investigated on the covalent binding of glutathione to protein thiols, known as S-glutathionylation (PSSG), which can be reversed by glutaredoxins (Grx). Also, protein S-nitrosylation (PSNO) which is the modification of protein thiols by NO and which is reversed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 5 was examined. Both PSSG and PSNO levels in lung tissue were markedly decreased after 4 weeks of cigarette smoke exposure. This coincided with attenuated protein free thiol levels and increased protein carbonylation. The expression of NOX4, DHE sensitive oxidant production and iNOS levels were induced by smoke, whereas Grx1 mRNA expression and activity were attenuated. Free GSH levels, protein expression and activity of ADH5 were unaffected by smoke. Taken together, smoke exposure decreases reversible cysteine oxidations PSSG and PSNO and enhances protein carbonylation. These alterations are not associated with differences in some of the regulatory enzymes, but are likely the result of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ine Kuipers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Sundar IK, Chung S, Hwang JW, Lapek JD, Bulger M, Friedman AE, Yao H, Davie JR, Rahman I. Mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) regulates cigarette smoke-induced histone modifications on NF-κB-dependent genes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31378. [PMID: 22312446 PMCID: PMC3270039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) causes sustained lung inflammation, which is an important event in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have previously reported that IKKα (I kappaB kinase alpha) plays a key role in CS-induced pro-inflammatory gene transcription by chromatin modifications; however, the underlying role of downstream signaling kinase is not known. Mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) serves as a specific downstream NF-κB RelA/p65 kinase, mediating transcriptional activation of NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory genes. The role of MSK1 in nuclear signaling and chromatin modifications is not known, particularly in response to environmental stimuli. We hypothesized that MSK1 regulates chromatin modifications of pro-inflammatory gene promoters in response to CS. Here, we report that CS extract activates MSK1 in human lung epithelial (H292 and BEAS-2B) cell lines, human primary small airway epithelial cells (SAEC), and in mouse lung, resulting in phosphorylation of nuclear MSK1 (Thr581), phospho-acetylation of RelA/p65 at Ser276 and Lys310 respectively. This event was associated with phospho-acetylation of histone H3 (Ser10/Lys9) and acetylation of histone H4 (Lys12). MSK1 N- and C-terminal kinase-dead mutants, MSK1 siRNA-mediated knock-down in transiently transfected H292 cells, and MSK1 stable knock-down mouse embryonic fibroblasts significantly reduced CS extract-induced MSK1, NF-κB RelA/p65 activation, and posttranslational modifications of histones. CS extract/CS promotes the direct interaction of MSK1 with RelA/p65 and p300 in epithelial cells and in mouse lung. Furthermore, CS-mediated recruitment of MSK1 and its substrates to the promoters of NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory genes leads to transcriptional activation, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Thus, MSK1 is an important downstream kinase involved in CS-induced NF-κB activation and chromatin modifications, which have implications in pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K. Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jae-woong Hwang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - John D. Lapek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Bulger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Alan E. Friedman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - James R. Davie
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hamilton RT, Walsh ME, Van Remmen H. Mouse Models of Oxidative Stress Indicate a Role for Modulating Healthy Aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Suppl 4. [PMID: 25300955 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0681.s4-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that affects every major system at the molecular, cellular and organ levels. Although the exact cause of aging is unknown, there is significant evidence that oxidative stress plays a major role in the aging process. The basis of the oxidative stress hypothesis is that aging occurs as a result of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, which leads to the accrual of damaged proteins, lipids and DNA macromolecules with age. Age-dependent increases in protein oxidation and aggregates, lipofuscin, and DNA mutations contribute to age-related pathologies. Many transgenic/knockout mouse models over expressing or deficient in key antioxidant enzymes have been generated to examine the effect of oxidative stress on aging and age-related diseases. Based on currently reported lifespan studies using mice with altered antioxidant defense, there is little evidence that oxidative stress plays a role in determining lifespan. However, mice deficient in antioxidant enzymes are often more susceptible to age-related disease while mice overexpressing antioxidant enzymes often have an increase in the amount of time spent without disease, i.e., healthspan. Thus, by understanding the mechanisms that affect healthy aging, we may discover potential therapeutic targets to extend human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Hamilton
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA ; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Michael E Walsh
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA ; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA ; GRECC, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Rahman I. Pharmacological antioxidant strategies as therapeutic interventions for COPD. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:714-28. [PMID: 22101076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette/tobacco smoke/biomass fuel-induced oxidative and aldehyde/carbonyl stress are intimately associated with the progression and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, targeting systemic and local oxidative stress with antioxidants/redox modulating agents, or boosting the endogenous levels of antioxidants are likely to have beneficial effects in the treatment/management of COPD. Various antioxidant agents, such as thiol molecules (glutathione and mucolytic drugs, such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine and N-acystelyn, erdosteine, fudosteine, ergothioneine, and carbocysteine), have been reported to modulate various cellular and biochemical aspects of COPD. These antioxidants have been found to scavenge and detoxify free radicals and oxidants, regulate of glutathione biosynthesis, control nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, and hence inhibiting inflammatory gene expression. Synthetic molecules, such as specific spin traps like α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone, a catalytic antioxidant (ECSOD mimetic), porphyrins (AEOL 10150 and AEOL 10113), and a superoxide dismutase mimetic M40419, iNOS and myeloperoxidase inhibitors, lipid peroxidation inhibitors/blockers edaravone, and lazaroids/tirilazad have also been shown to have beneficial effects by inhibiting cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory responses and other carbonyl/oxidative stress-induced cellular alterations. A variety of oxidants, free radicals, and carbonyls/aldehydes are implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, it is therefore, possible that therapeutic administration or supplementation of multiple antioxidants and/or boosting the endogenous levels of antioxidants will be beneficial in the treatment of COPD. This review discusses various novel pharmacological approaches adopted to enhance lung antioxidant levels, and various emerging beneficial and/or prophylactic effects of antioxidant therapeutics in halting or intervening the progression of COPD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY 14642, USA.
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35
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Thiol regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and innate immunity: protein S-thiolation as a novel molecular mechanism. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:1268-72. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0391268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation or inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress have often been associated, and thiol antioxidants, particularly glutathione, have often been seen as possible anti-inflammatory mediators. However, whereas several cytokine inhibitors have been approved for drug use in chronic inflammatory diseases, this has not happened with antioxidant molecules. We outline the complexity of the role of protein thiol–disulfide oxidoreduction in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, the underlying molecular mechanisms (such as protein glutathionylation) and the key enzyme players such as Trx (thioredoxin) or Grx (glutaredoxin).
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Chung S, Sundar IK, Hwang JW, Yull FE, Blackwell TS, Kinnula VL, Bulger M, Yao H, Rahman I. NF-κB inducing kinase, NIK mediates cigarette smoke/TNFα-induced histone acetylation and inflammation through differential activation of IKKs. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23488. [PMID: 21887257 PMCID: PMC3160853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor (NF)-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is a central player in the non-canonical NF κB pathway, which phosphorylates IκB kinase α (IKKα) resulting in enhancement of target gene expression. We have recently shown that IKKα responds to a variety of stimuli including oxidants and cigarette smoke (CS) regulating the histone modification in addition to its role in NF-κB activation. However, the primary signaling mechanism linking CS-mediated oxidative stress and TNFα with histone acetylation and pro-inflammatory gene transcription is not well understood. We hypothesized that CS and TNFα increase NIK levels causing phosphorylation of IKKα, which leads to histone acetylation. METHODOLOGY To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether NIK mediates effects of CS and TNFα on histone acetylation in human lung epithelial cells in vitro and in lungs of mouse exposed to CS in vivo. CS increased the phosphorylation levels of IKKα/NIK in lung epithelial cells and mouse lungs. NIK is accumulated in the nuclear compartment, and is recruited to the promoters of pro-inflammatory genes, to induce posttranslational acetylation of histones in response to CS and TNFα. Cells in which NIK is knocked down using siRNA showed partial attenuation of CSE- and TNFα-induced acetylation of histone H3 on pro-inflammatory gene promoters. Additional study to determine the role of IKKβ/NF-κB pathway in CS-induced histone acetylation suggests that the canonical pathway does not play a role in histone acetylation particularly in response to CS in mouse lungs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings provide a novel role for NIK in CS- and TNFα-induced histone acetylation, especially on histone H3K9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoon Chung
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Isaac K. Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jae-Woong Hwang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Fiona E. Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Vuokko L. Kinnula
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Bulger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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