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Saddouk FZ, Kuzemczak A, Saito J, Greif DM. Endothelial HIFα/PDGF-B to smooth muscle Beclin1 signaling sustains pathological muscularization in pulmonary hypertension. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e162449. [PMID: 38652543 PMCID: PMC11141934 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying maintenance of pathological vascular hypermuscularization are poorly delineated. Herein, we investigated retention of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) coating normally unmuscularized distal pulmonary arterioles in pulmonary hypertension (PH) mediated by chronic hypoxia with or without Sugen 5416, and reversal of this pathology. With hypoxia in mice or culture, lung endothelial cells (ECs) upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1-α) and HIF2-α, which induce platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), and these factors were reduced to normoxic levels with re-normoxia. Re-normoxia reversed hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, but with EC HIFα overexpression during re-normoxia, pathological changes persisted. Conversely, after establishment of distal muscularization and PH, EC-specific deletion of Hif1a, Hif2a, or Pdgfb induced reversal. In human idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension, HIF1-α, HIF2-α, PDGF-B, and autophagy-mediating gene products, including Beclin1, were upregulated in pulmonary artery SMCs and/or lung lysates. Furthermore, in mice, hypoxia-induced EC-derived PDGF-B upregulated Beclin1 in distal arteriole SMCs, and after distal muscularization was established, re-normoxia, EC Pdgfb deletion, or treatment with STI571 (which inhibits PDGF receptors) downregulated SMC Beclin1 and other autophagy products. Finally, SMC-specific Becn1 deletion induced apoptosis, reversing distal muscularization and PH mediated by hypoxia with or without Sugen 5416. Thus, chronic hypoxia induction of the HIFα/PDGF-B axis in ECs is required for non-cell-autonomous Beclin1-mediated survival of pathological distal arteriole SMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Beclin-1/metabolism
- Beclin-1/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Mice
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Vascular Remodeling
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Autophagy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Arterioles/metabolism
- Arterioles/pathology
- Indoles
- Pyrroles
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z. Saddouk
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Kuzemczak
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Junichi Saito
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Ren H, Dai R, Nik Nabil WN, Xi Z, Wang F, Xu H. Unveiling the dual role of autophagy in vascular remodelling and its related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115643. [PMID: 37839111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodelling is an adaptive response to physiological and pathological stimuli that leads to structural and functional changes in the vascular intima, media, and adventitia. Pathological vascular remodelling is a hallmark feature of numerous vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia. Autophagy is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including vascular diseases. However, despite emerging evidence, the role of autophagy and its dual effects on vascular remodelling has garnered limited attention. Autophagy can exert protective and detrimental effects on the vascular intima, media and adventitia, thereby substantially influencing the course of vascular remodelling and its related vascular diseases. Currently, there has not been a review that thoroughly describes the regulation of autophagy in vascular remodelling and its impact on related diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to bridge this gap by focusing on the regulatory roles of autophagy in diseases related to vascular remodelling. This review also summarizes recent advancements in therapeutic agents targeting autophagy to regulate vascular remodelling. Additionally, this review offers an overview of recent breakthroughs in therapeutic agents targeting autophagy to regulate vascular remodelling. A deeper understanding of how autophagy orchestrates vascular remodelling can drive the development of targeted therapies for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangui Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wan Najbah Nik Nabil
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China; Pharmaceutical Services Program, Ministry of Health, Selangor 46200, Malaysia
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Prabhakar A, Kumar R, Wadhwa M, Ghatpande P, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Lizama CO, Kharbikar BN, Gräf S, Treacy CM, Morrell NW, Graham BB, Lagna G, Hata A. Reversal of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease phenotypes by inhibition of the integrated stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568924. [PMID: 38076809 PMCID: PMC10705277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension arising from EIF2AK4 gene mutations or mitomycin C (MMC) administration. The lack of effective PVOD therapies is compounded by a limited understanding of the mechanisms driving the vascular remodeling in PVOD. We show that the administration of MMC in rats mediates the activation of protein kinase R (PKR) and the integrated stress response (ISR), which lead to the release of the endothelial adhesion molecule VE-Cadherin in the complex with Rad51 to the circulation, disruption of endothelial barrier, and vascular remodeling. Pharmacological inhibition of PKR or ISR attenuates the depletion of VE-Cadherin, elevation of vascular permeability, and vascular remodeling instigated by MMC, suggesting potential clinical intervention for PVOD. Finally, the severity of PVOD phenotypes was increased by a heterozygous BMPR2 mutation that truncates the carboxyl tail of BMPR2, underscoring the role of deregulated BMP signal in the development of PVOD.
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4
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Zhao Y, Wu J, Guan S, Xue T, Wei X, Cao D, Kong P, Zhang X. PIF1 Promotes Autophagy to Inhibit Chronic Hypoxia Induced Apoptosis of Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1319-1332. [PMID: 37396201 PMCID: PMC10312211 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s406453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome worldwide. Pulmonary vascular alterations associated with PAH have multifactorial causes, in which endothelial cells play an important role. Autophagy is closely related to endothelial cell injury and the development of PAH. PIF1 is a multifunctional helicase crucial for cell survival. The present study investigated the effect of PIF1 on autophagy and apoptosis in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) under chronic hypoxia stress. Methods Chronic hypoxia Gene expression profiling chip-assays identified the PIF1 gene as differentially expressed, which was verified by RT-qPCR analysis. Electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were used to analyze autophagy and the expression of LC3 and P62. Apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results Our study found that chronic hypoxia induces autophagy in HPAECs, and apoptosis was exacerbated by inhibiting autophagy. Levels of the DNA helicase PIF1 were increased in HPAECs after chronic hypoxia. PIF1 knockdown inhibited autophagy and promoted the apoptosis of HPAECs under chronic hypoxia stress. Conclusion Based on these findings, we conclude that PIF1 inhibits the apoptosis of HPAECs by accelerating the autophagy pathway. Therefore, PIF1 plays a crucial role in HPAEC dysfunction in chronic hypoxia-induced PAH and may be a potential target for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhao
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Xue
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wei
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Cao
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengzhou Kong
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Bao C, Liang S, Han Y, Yang Z, Liu S, Sun Y, Zheng S, Li Y, Wang T, Gu Y, Wu K, Black SM, Wang J, Nawrocki ST, Carew JS, Yuan JXJ, Tang H. The Novel Lysosomal Autophagy Inhibitor (ROC-325) Ameliorates Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:70-83. [PMID: 36345832 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). ROC-325 is a novel small molecule lysosomal autophagy inhibitor that has more potent anticancer activity than the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine, the latter has been prevalently used to inhibit autophagy. Here, we sought to determine the therapeutic benefit and mechanism of action of ROC-325 in experimental PH models. METHODS AND RESULTS Hemodynamics, echocardiography, and histology measurement showed that ROC-325 treatment prevented the development of PH, right ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and vascular remodeling after monocrotaline and Sugen5416/hypoxia administration. ROC-325 attenuated high K+ or alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and enhanced endothelial-dependent relaxation in isolated pulmonary artery rings. ROC-325 treatment inhibited autophagy and enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in lung tissues of monocrotaline-PH rats. In cultured human and rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell and pulmonary arterial endothelial cell under hypoxia exposure, ROC-325 increased LC3B (light chain 3 beta) and p62 accumulation, endothelial cell nitric oxide production via phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser1177) and dephosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Thr495) as well as decreased HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α and HIF-2α stabilization. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that ROC-325 is a promising novel agent for the treatment of PH that inhibits autophagy, downregulates HIF levels, and increases nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China (C.B., S.L., Y.S., S.Z.)
| | - Shuxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.)
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.H.)
| | - Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.)
| | - Shiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China (C.B., S.L., Y.S., S.Z.)
| | - Yanan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China (C.B., S.L., Y.S., S.Z.)
| | - Shichuang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.).,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China (C.B., S.L., Y.S., S.Z.)
| | - Yuzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL (T.W., S.M.B.).,Center for Translational Science and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL (T.W., S.M.B.)
| | - Yali Gu
- Banner University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ (Y.G.)
| | - Kang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.)
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL (T.W., S.M.B.).,Center for Translational Science and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL (T.W., S.M.B.)
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.)
| | | | - Jennifer S Carew
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (S.T.N., J.S.C.)
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.X.-J.)
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (C.B., S.L., Z.Y., S.L., Y.S., S.Z., Y.L., K.W., J.W., H.T.)
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Park CS, Kim SH, Yang HY, Kim JH, Schermuly RT, Cho YS, Kang H, Park JH, Lee E, Park H, Yang JM, Noh TW, Lee SP, Bae SS, Han J, Ju YS, Park JB, Kim I. Sox17 Deficiency Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via HGF/c-Met Signaling. Circ Res 2022; 131:792-806. [PMID: 36205124 PMCID: PMC9612711 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In large-scale genomic studies, Sox17, an endothelial-specific transcription factor, has been suggested as a putative causal gene of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, its role and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We investigated the functional impacts and acting mechanisms of impaired Sox17 (SRY-related HMG-box17) pathway in PAH and explored its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS In adult mice, Sox17 deletion in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) induced PAH under hypoxia with high penetrance and severity, but not under normoxia. RESULTS Key features of PAH, such as hypermuscularization, EC hyperplasia, and inflammation in lung arterioles, right ventricular hypertrophy, and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, persisted even after long rest in normoxia. Mechanistically, transcriptomic profiling predicted that the combination of Sox17 deficiency and hypoxia activated c-Met signaling in lung ECs. HGF (hepatocyte grow factor), a ligand of c-Met, was upregulated in Sox17-deficient lung ECs. Pharmacologic inhibition of HGF/c-Met signaling attenuated and reversed the features of PAH in both preventive and therapeutic settings. Similar to findings in animal models, Sox17 levels in lung ECs were repressed in 26.7% of PAH patients (4 of 15), while those were robust in all 14 non-PAH controls. HGF levels in pulmonary arterioles were increased in 86.7% of patients with PAH (13 of 15), but none of the controls showed that pattern. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of Sox17 levels in pulmonary arterioles increases the susceptibility to PAH, particularly when exposed to hypoxia. Our findings suggest the reactive upregulation of HGF/c-Met signaling as a novel druggable target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Soon Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Hae Young Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Ju-Hee Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany (R.T.S.)
| | - Ye Seul Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Hyejeong Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.).,Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (H.K., S.-P.L.)
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.-H.P.)
| | - Eunhyeong Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - HyeonJin Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Jee Myung Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea (J.MY.)
| | - Tae Wook Noh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.).,Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (H.K., S.-P.L.).,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-P.L.)
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (S.S.B.)
| | - Jinju Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Injune Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
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7
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Zhao Z, Hou B, Tang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ying Z, Duo J. High-altitude hypoxia-induced rat alveolar cell injury by increasing autophagy. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:132-139. [PMID: 35235244 PMCID: PMC9264343 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in lung injury induced by high-altitude hypoxia. Wistar rats were randomized into four groups for exposure to normal altitude or high altitude for 1, 7, 14 and 21 days with no treatment or with the treatment of 1 mg/kg rapamycin or 2 mg/kg 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for consecutive 21 days respectively. In control rats, the alveolar structure was intact with regularly arranged cells. However, inflammatory cell infiltration and shrunk alveoli were observed in rats exposed to hypoxia. Rapamycin treatment led to many shrunken alveoli with a large number of red blood cells in them. In contrast, 3-MA treatment led to almost intact alveoli or only a few shrunken alveoli. Compared to the control group exposure to high-altitude hypoxia for longer periods resulted in the aggravation of the lung injury, the formation of autophagosomes with a double-membrane structure and increased levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-II in alveolar tissues. Rapamycin treatment resulted in significant increase in Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels and further aggravation of alveolar tissue damage, while 3-MA treatment led to opposite effects. In conclusion, exposure to high-altitude hypoxia can induce autophagy of alveolar cells, which may be an important mechanism of high-altitude hypoxia-induced lung injury. The inhibition of autophagy may be a promising therapy strategy for high-altitude hypoxia-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Bing Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Zhanzhuan Ying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Duo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
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8
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Gomes MT, Bai Y, Potje SR, Zhang L, Lockett AD, Machado RF. Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2410. [PMID: 35269553 PMCID: PMC8910500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by (mal)adaptive remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, which is associated with inflammation, fibrosis, thrombosis, and neovascularization. Vascular remodeling in PAH is associated with cellular metabolic and inflammatory reprogramming that induce profound endothelial and smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes. Multiple signaling pathways and regulatory loops act on metabolic and inflammatory mediators which influence cellular behavior and trigger pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo. This review discusses the role of bioenergetic and inflammatory impairments in PAH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta T. Gomes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Simone R. Potje
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Biological Science, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos 37900-106, Brazil
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Angelia D. Lockett
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
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9
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Ye W, Tang T, Li Z, Li X, Huang Q. Piperlongumine attenuates vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by regulating autophagy. J Cardiol 2022; 79:134-143. [PMID: 34518076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of piperlongumine on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. METHODS A hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rat model was constructed, primary rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were isolated, and the proliferation of PASMCs was measured by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The expression of autophagic proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and P62 were examined by western blot. Autophagic flux in PASMCs was detected by tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence analysis. RESULTS Hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs was significantly inhibited by piperlongumine exposure. Treatment with piperlongumine elevated LC3B II/LC3B I protein ratio and decreased the expression of P62 protein in both PASMCs and rat lung tissues. Tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence analysis showed that piperlongumine increased autophagic flux in PASMCs. Inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the inhibitory effect of piperlongumine on proliferation of PASMCs. Chronic hypoxia exposure led to a significant increase in rat right ventricle systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, wall thickness and area of pulmonary artery, and muscularization of pulmonary arterioles, which was obviously suppressed by administration of piperlongumine. 3-MA attenuated the alleviating effects of piperlongumine on pulmonary vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Piperlongumine attenuates vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by regulating autophagy. Piperlongumine treatment may serve as a promising therapy for hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Tingyu Tang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Xuefang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qingdong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
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10
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Shoji H, Yoshida Y, Sanada TJ, Naito A, Maruyama J, Zhang E, Sumi K, Sakao S, Maruyama K, Hidaka H, Tatsumi K. The Isoquinoline-Sulfonamide Compound H-1337 Attenuates SU5416/Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats. Cells 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 35011628 PMCID: PMC8750965 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right heart failure. Selective pulmonary vasodilators have improved the prognosis of PAH; however, they are not able to reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Therefore, a search for new treatment agents is required. H-1337 is an isoquinoline-sulfonamide compound that inhibits multiple serine/threonine kinases, including Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here, we investigated the effects of H-1337 on pulmonary hypertension and remodeling in the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle in experimental PAH induced by SU5416 and hypoxia exposure. H-1337 and H-1337M1 exerted inhibitory effects on ROCK and Akt. H-1337 inhibited the phosphorylation of myosin light chain and mTOR and suppressed the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vitro. H-1337 treatment also suppressed the phosphorylation of myosin light chain and mTOR in the pulmonary vasculature and decreased right ventricular systolic pressure and the extent of occlusive pulmonary vascular lesions. Furthermore, H-1337 suppressed aggravation of right ventricle hypertrophy. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that inhibition of ROCK and mTOR pathways with H-1337 suppressed the progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shoji
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Tokyo 143-0013, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., Nagoya 460-0003, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
- Human Research Promotion and Drug Development, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Jujo Sanada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Junko Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (J.M.); (E.Z.); (K.M.)
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Erquan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (J.M.); (E.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Kengo Sumi
- D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., Nagoya 460-0003, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
- Human Research Promotion and Drug Development, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (J.M.); (E.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Hiroyoshi Hidaka
- D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., Nagoya 460-0003, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
- Human Research Promotion and Drug Development, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
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11
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Miwa H, Sakao S, Sanada TJ, Suzuki H, Hata A, Shiina Y, Kobayashi T, Kato F, Nishimura R, Tanabe N, Voelkel N, Yoshino I, Tatsumi K. Cell Tracking Suggests Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Role of Bone Marrow Cells in Sugen5416/Hypoxia Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:913-923. [PMID: 33609715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of vascular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unclear. Hence, defining the origin of cells constituting intractable vascular lesions in PAH is expected to facilitate therapeutic progress. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the origin of intractable vascular lesions in PAH rodent models via bone marrow (BM) and orthotopic lung transplantation (LT). METHODS To trace BM-derived cells, we prepared chimeric rats transplanted with BM cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic rats. Male rats were transplanted with lungs obtained from female rats and vice versa. Pulmonary hypertension was induced in the transplanted rats via Sugen5416 treatment and subsequent chronic hypoxia (Su/Hx). RESULTS In the chimeric Su/Hx models, GFP-positive cells were observed in the pulmonary vascular area. Moreover, the right ventricular systolic pressure was significantly lower compared with wild-type Su/Hx rats without BM transplantation (P = 0.009). PAH suppression was also observed in rats that received allograft transplanted BM transplantation. In male rats that received LT and Su/Hx, BM-derived cells carrying the Y chromosome were also detected in neointimal occlusive lesions of the transplanted lungs received from female rats. CONCLUSIONS BM-derived cells participate in pulmonary vascular remodelling in the Su/Hx rat model, whereas BM transplantation may contribute to suppression of development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Miwa
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Jujo Sanada
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidemi Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiina
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kato
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rintaro Nishimura
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanabe
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norbert Voelkel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ichiro Yoshino
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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12
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McCormick JJ, Dokladny K, Moseley PL, Kenny GP. Autophagy and heat: a potential role for heat therapy to improve autophagic function in health and disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00542.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial cell survival mechanism that involves the degradation and recycling of old or damaged organelles and proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. Impairments in autophagy are central to the pathogenesis of many conditions including metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and aging. Although various pharmacological agents may be able to stimulate autophagic function, to our knowledge, few interventions exist that have been deemed safe and effective in humans. An emerging body of evidence suggests that targeting the autophagic pathway via passive heating (heat therapy) may stimulate autophagic function. Therefore, the primary focus of the present review is to analyze the mechanisms in which passive heating induces autophagy as defined by in vitro and in vivo (animal and human) models. Our secondary focus is to examine the implications of utilizing passive heating to restore dysfunctional autophagy in chronic disease and aging. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies to implement passive heating to stimulate autophagic function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karol Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Pope L. Moseley
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Honda Y, Kosugi K, Fuchikami C, Kuramoto K, Numakura Y, Kuwano K. The selective PGI2 receptor agonist selexipag ameliorates Sugen 5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240692. [PMID: 33057388 PMCID: PMC7561119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure due to an increase in vessel tone and occlusion of vessels. The endogenous vasodilator prostacyclin and its analogs are used as therapeutic agents for PAH. However, their pharmacological effects on occlusive vascular remodeling have not been elucidated yet. Selexipag is a recently approved, orally available and selective prostacyclin receptor agonist with a non-prostanoid structure. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of selexipag on the pathology of chronic severe PAH in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rat models in which PAH was induced by a combination of injection with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist Sugen 5416 and exposure to hypoxia (SuHx). Oral administration of selexipag for three weeks significantly improved right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley SuHx rats. Selexipag attenuated the proportion of lung vessels with occlusive lesions and the medial wall thickness of lung arteries, corresponding to decreased numbers of Ki-67-positive cells and a reduced expression of collagen type 1 in remodeled vessels. Administration of selexipag to Fischer rats with SuHx-induced PAH reduced RV hypertrophy and mortality caused by RV failure. These effects were probably based on the potent prostacyclin receptor agonistic effect of selexipag on pulmonary vessels. Selexipag has been approved and is used in the clinical treatment of PAH worldwide. It is thought that these beneficial effects of prostacyclin receptor agonists on multiple aspects of PAH pathology contribute to the clinical outcomes in patients with PAH.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/therapeutic use
- Acetamides/pharmacology
- Acetamides/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Indoles
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/physiopathology
- Male
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/complications
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/etiology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Pyrazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrroles
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/agonists
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/metabolism
- Systole/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Honda
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Keiji Kosugi
- R&D Administration Division, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiaki Fuchikami
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuramoto
- R&D Administration Division, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Numakura
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kuwano
- R&D Administration Division, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Cool CD, Kuebler WM, Bogaard HJ, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR, Voelkel NF. The hallmarks of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension: the cancer hypothesis-ten years later. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1115-L1130. [PMID: 32023082 PMCID: PMC9847334 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00476.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are most frequently the consequence of a lumen-obliterating angiopathy. One pathobiological model is that the initial pulmonary vascular endothelial cell injury and apoptosis is followed by the evolution of phenotypically altered, apoptosis-resistant, proliferating cells and an inflammatory vascular immune response. Although there may be a vasoconstrictive disease component, the increased pulmonary vascular shear stress in established PAH is caused largely by the vascular wall pathology. In this review, we revisit the "quasi-malignancy concept" of severe PAH and examine to what extent the hallmarks of PAH can be compared with the hallmarks of cancer. The cancer model of severe PAH, based on the growth of abnormal vascular and bone marrow-derived cells, may enable the emergence of novel cell-based PAH treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlyne D. Cool
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Colorado,
Anschuetz Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- 3Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mark R. Nicolls
- 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Norbert F. Voelkel
- 3Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Racanelli AC, Choi AMK, Choi ME. Autophagy in chronic lung disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 172:135-156. [PMID: 32620240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of chronic lung disease occurs as a consequence of multiple cellular events that involve an initial insult which often leads to the development of chronic inflammation, and the dysregulation of cellular proliferation and cell death mechanisms. Multiple cell types in the lung are key to the respiratory and protective/barrier functions necessary to manage the chronic exposures to environmental, mechanical, and oxidative stressors. Autophagy is essential to lung development and homeostasis, as well as the prevention and development of disease. The cellular process involves the collection and removal of unwanted organelles and proteins through lysosomal degradation. In recent years, investigations have addressed the roles of autophagy and selective autophagy in numerous chronic lung diseases. Here, we highlight recent advances on the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Racanelli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary E Choi
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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16
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Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Microvessel Proliferation and Basal Membrane Degradation in the Bone Marrow of Rats Regulated through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9204708. [PMID: 32047820 PMCID: PMC7003287 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9204708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH) is characterized by long-term hypoxia that is associated with microvessel proliferation and basal membrane (BM) degradation in tissues. The IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway has been described in a variety of human cancers and plays an essential role in microvessel proliferation and BM degradation. Therefore, this study investigated the role of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway in hypoxia-mediated microvessel proliferation and BM degradation in the rat bone marrow. Eighty pathogen-free Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups (20 per group)—control group, CH group (exposed to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of 5000 m for 28 d), CH + STAT3 inhibitor group (7.5 mg/kg/d), and CH + DMSO group. Microvessel density (MVD) and BM degradation in the bone marrow were determined by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Serum IL-6 levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the levels of P-JAK2, P-STAT3, and MMP-9 were assessed by western blot analysis and real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Hypoxia increased serum IL-6 levels, which in turn increased JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, which subsequently upregulated MMP-9. Overexpression of MMP-9 significantly promoted the elevation of MVD and BM degradation. Inhibition of STAT3 using an inhibitor, SH-4-54, significantly downregulated MMP-9 expression and decreased MVD and BM degradation. Surprisingly, STAT3 inhibition also decreased serum IL-6 levels and JAK2 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway might be related to CH-induced microvessel proliferation and BM degradation in the bone marrow.
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17
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Chichger H, Rounds S, Harrington EO. Endosomes and Autophagy: Regulators of Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:994-1008. [PMID: 31190562 PMCID: PMC6765061 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Alterations in oxidant/antioxidant balance injure pulmonary endothelial cells and are important in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), ischemia/reperfusion injury, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and emphysema. Recent Advances: The endosomal and autophagic pathways regulate cell homeostasis. Both pathways support recycling or degradation of macromolecules or organelles, targeted to endosomes or lysosomes, respectively. Thus, both processes promote cell survival. However, with environmental stress or injury, imbalance in endosomal and autophagic pathways may enhance macromolecular or organelle degradation, diminish biosynthetic processes, and cause cell death. Critical Issues: While the role of autophagy in cellular homeostasis in pulmonary disease has been investigated, the role of the endosome in the lung vasculature is less known. Furthermore, autophagy can either decrease or exacerbate endothelial injury, depending upon inciting insult and disease process. Future Directions: Diseases affecting the pulmonary endothelium, such as emphysema, ARDS, and PAH, are linked to altered endosomal or autophagic processing, leading to enhanced degradation of macromolecules and potential cell death. Efforts to target this imbalance have yielded limited success as treatments for lung injuries, which may be due to the complexity of both processes. It is possible that endosomal trafficking proteins, such as Rab GTPases and late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 1, may be novel therapeutic targets. While endocytosis or autophagy have been linked to improved function of the pulmonary endothelium in vitro and in vivo, further studies are needed to identify targets for modulating cellular homeostasis in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elizabeth O. Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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18
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Lignelli E, Palumbo F, Myti D, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L832-L887. [PMID: 31596603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A key histopathological feature of BPD is stunted late lung development, where the process of alveolarization-the generation of alveolar gas exchange units-is impeded, through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. As such, there is interest in the clarification both of the pathomechanisms at play in affected lungs, and the mechanisms of de novo alveoli generation in healthy, developing lungs. A better understanding of normal and pathological alveolarization might reveal opportunities for improved medical management of affected infants. Furthermore, disturbances to the alveolar architecture are a key histopathological feature of several adult chronic lung diseases, including emphysema and fibrosis, and it is envisaged that knowledge about the mechanisms of alveologenesis might facilitate regeneration of healthy lung parenchyma in affected patients. To this end, recent efforts have interrogated clinical data, developed new-and refined existing-in vivo and in vitro models of BPD, have applied new microscopic and radiographic approaches, and have developed advanced cell-culture approaches, including organoid generation. Advances have also been made in the development of other methodologies, including single-cell analysis, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, as well as the generation and use of complex mouse genetics tools. The objective of this review is to present advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and BPD over the period 1 January 2017-30 June 2019, a period that spans the 50th anniversary of the original clinical description of BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Lignelli
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesco Palumbo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Despoina Myti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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19
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Liu T, Zou XZ, Huang N, Ge XY, Yao MZ, Liu H, Zhang Z, Hu CP. Down-regulation of miR-204 attenuates endothelial-mesenchymal transition by enhancing autophagy in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172673. [PMID: 31542480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial remodeling is a crucial cause of increased pulmonary artery pressure during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recently, growing evidence has upheld the contribution of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) to pulmonary arterial remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. miR-204 has been implicated in PH, being anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic in pulmonary artery smooth muscles cells (PASMCs), but its role in EndMT is still unknown. Here we found that miR-204 was down-regulated by hypoxia in rat pulmonary arterial intima and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), and its further down-regulation by using miR-204 inhibitor suppressed hypoxia-induced EndMT. Moreover, autophagy, evoked by hypoxia in rat pulmonary arterial intima and HPAECs, suppressed hypoxia-induced EndMT via p62-dependent degradation of Snail and Twist. Additionally, autophagy was regulated by miR-204 targeting ATG7. While down-regulation of miR-204 in PASMCs reportedly promoted monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via increased cell proliferation, our data suggested an important, albeit dichotomous, role of miR-204 down-regulation in endothelial cells in the process of EndMT that it attenuated EndMT by enhancing autophagy, thereby ameliorating hypoxia-induced PH to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Mao-Zhong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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20
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Zhang CF, Zhao FY, Xu SL, Liu J, Xing XQ, Yang J. Autophagy in pulmonary hypertension: Emerging roles and therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16755-16767. [PMID: 30932199 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanism for cellular self-digestion and basal homeostasis. This gene- and modulator-regulated pathway is conserved in cells. Recently, several studies have shown that autophagic dysfunction is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the relationship between autophagy and PH remains controversial. In this review, we mainly introduce the effects of autophagy-related genes and some regulatory molecules on PH and the relationship between autophagy and PH under the conditions of hypoxia, monocrotaline injection, thromboembolic stress, oxidative stress, and other drugs and toxins. The effects of other autophagy-related drugs, such as chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, rapamycin, and other potential therapeutic drugs and targets, in PH are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuang-Lan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-Qian Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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21
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Feng W, Wang J, Yan X, Zhai C, Shi W, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Li M. Paclitaxel alleviates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via inhibition of FoxO1-mediated autophagy. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:605-613. [PMID: 30683943 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that activation of autophagy is involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent studies have shown that cytosolic forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) activates autophagy in cancer cells. Paclitaxel has been found to potentially reverse PAH progression. However, the role of FoxO1 and the effects of paclitaxel on autophagy in the pathogenesis of PAH remain unknown. PAH was generated by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT) to rats. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the right ventricle hypertrophy index (RV/LV+S), and the percentage of medial wall thickness (%MT) were used to detect the development of PAH. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to measure pulmonary vascular remodeling. The protein level, phosphorylation, and nucleus translocation of FoxO1 and the levels of LC3A, LC3B, and Beclin-1 were examined by immunoblotting. The results showed that in spite of reduced expression of FoxO1, elevated phosphorylation of FoxO1 caused most of FoxO1 accumulating in cytosolic fraction in MCT-PAH rats. Autophagy was also activated in the MCT-PAH group. In cultured rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), knockdown of FoxO1 markedly blocked autophagy activation, indicating that elevation of cytosolic FoxO1 stimulates autophagy activation. Treatment of PAH rats with paclitaxel reduced FoxO1 phosphorylation and increased FoxO1 nuclear accumulation, despite increased FoxO1 expression, therefore suppressed autophagy, finally reduced elevated RVSP, RV/LV+S, and %MT in MCT-induced PAH. Taken together, paclitaxel inhibits pulmonary vascular remodeling by FoxO1-mediated autophagy suppression, suggesting that paclitaxel might be a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery &Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center Medicifor Regenerativene and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery &Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center Medicifor Regenerativene and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery &Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center Medicifor Regenerativene and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery &Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center Medicifor Regenerativene and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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23
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Jing X, Jiang T, Dai L, Wang X, Jia L, Wang H, An L, Liu M, Zhang R, Cheng Z. Hypoxia-induced autophagy activation through NF-κB pathway regulates cell proliferation and migration to induce pulmonary vascular remodeling. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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