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Griese M, Seidl E. Persistent tachypnea of infancy, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis: "A3-Specific conditions of undefined etiology". Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38818882 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Seidl
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Zhang N, Shen H, Chen B, Hu H, Liu C, Chen Y, Cong W. The recent progress of peptide regulators for the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1164656. [PMID: 37396899 PMCID: PMC10311566 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1164656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in many biological processes such as stem cell self-renewal, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The β-catenin-dependent signaling pathway mainly regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the Wnt family ligands transduce signals through LRP5/6 and Frizzled receptors to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascades. Wnt-targeted therapy has garnered extensive attention. The most commonly used approach in targeted therapy is small-molecule regulators. However, it is difficult for small-molecule regulators to make great progress due to their inherent defects. Therapeutic peptide regulators targeting the Wnt signaling pathway have become an alternative therapy, promising to fill the gaps in the clinical application of small-molecule regulators. In this review, we describe recent advances in peptide regulators for Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Medicine or Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxing Shen
- School of Medicine or Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baobao Chen
- School of Medicine or Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honggang Hu
- School of Medicine or Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Medicine or Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cong
- School of Medicine or Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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CREB1 Transcriptionally Activates LTBR to Promote the NF-κB Pathway and Apoptosis in Lung Epithelial Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9588740. [PMID: 36118831 PMCID: PMC9481394 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9588740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent chronic pediatric lung disease. Aberrant proliferation and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells are important in the pathogenesis of BPD. Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTBR) is expressed in lung epithelial cells. Blocking LTBR induces regeneration of lung tissue and reverts airway fibrosis in young and aged mice. This study is aimed at revealing the role of LTBR in BPD. A mouse model of BPD and two in vitro models of BPD using A549 cells and type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cells were established by exposure to hyperoxia. We found that LTBR and CREB1 exhibited a significant upregulation in lungs of mouse model of BPD. LTBR and CREB1 expression were also increased by hyperoxia in A549 and ATII cells. According to results of cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis, silencing of LTBR rescued the suppressive effect of hyperoxia on cell viability and its promotive effect on cell apoptosis of A549 and ATII cells. Bioinformatics revealed CREB1 as a transcriptional factor for LTBR, and the luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay subsequently confirmed it. The NF-κB pathway was regulated by LTBR. CREB1 induced LTBR expression at the transcriptional level to regulate NF-κB pathway and further modulate A549 and ATII cells viability and apoptosis. In conclusion, this study revealed the CREB1/LTBR/NF-κB pathway in BPD and supported the beneficial role of LTBR silence in BPD by promoting viability and decreasing apoptosis of lung epithelial cells.
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Regulatory Peptides in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413656. [PMID: 34948451 PMCID: PMC8707337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous regulatory peptides play a critical role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation, airflow obstruction and hyperresponsiveness, which are hallmarks of asthma. Some of them exacerbate asthma symptoms, such as neuropeptide Y and tachykinins, while others have ameliorating properties, such as nociception, neurotensin or β-defensin 2. Interacting with peptide receptors located in the lungs or on immune cells opens up new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of asthma, especially when it is resistant to available therapies. This article provides a concise review of the most important and current findings regarding the involvement of regulatory peptides in asthma pathology.
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Gastrin-releasing peptide induces fibrotic response in MRC5s and proliferation in A549s. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:96. [PMID: 32552754 PMCID: PMC7301567 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex lung disease, whose build-up scar tissue is induced by several molecules. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is released from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, alveolar macrophages, and some nerve endings in the lung. A possible role of GRP in IPF is unclear. We aimed to investigate the fibrotic response to GRP, at the cellular level in MRC5 and A549 cell lines. The proliferative and fibrotic effects of GRP on these cells were evaluated by using BrdU, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR for molecules associated with myofibroblast differentiation, TGF-β and Wnt signalling. All doses of GRP increased the amount of BrdU incorporation in A549 cells. In contrast, the amount of BrdU increased in MRC5 cells in the first 24 h, though progressively decreased by 72 h. GRP did not stimulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells, rather, it stimulated the differentiation of MRC5 cells into myofibroblasts. Furthermore, GRP induced gene and protein expressions of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4, and reduced the levels of Smad7 in MRC5 cells. In addition, GRP decreased Wnt5a protein levels and stimulated β-catenin activation by increasing Wnt4, Wnt7a and β-catenin protein levels. GRP caused myofibroblast differentiation by inducing TGF-βand Wnt pathways via paracrine and autocrine signalling in MRC5 cells. In conclusion, GRP may lead to pulmonary fibrosis due to its proliferative and fibrotic effects on lung fibroblasts. The abrogation of GRP-mediated signal activation might be considered as a treatment modality for fibrotic lung diseases. Video Abstract.
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6
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Voynow JA, Fisher K, Sunday ME, Cotten CM, Hamvas A, Hendricks-Muñoz KD, Poindexter BB, Pryhuber GS, Ren CL, Ryan RM, Sharp JK, Young SP, Zhang H, Greenberg RG, Herring AH, Davis SD. Urine gastrin-releasing peptide in the first week correlates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and post-prematurity respiratory disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:899-908. [PMID: 31995668 PMCID: PMC7071969 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with post-prematurity respiratory disease (PRD) in survivors of extreme preterm birth. Identifying early biomarkers that correlate with later development of BPD and PRD may provide insights for intervention. In a preterm baboon model, elevated gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is associated with BPD, and GRP inhibition mitigates BPD occurrence. OBJECTIVE We performed a prospective cohort study to investigate whether urine GRP levels obtained in the first postnatal week were associated with BPD, PRD, and other urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress. METHODS Extremely low gestational age infants (23-28 completed weeks) were enrolled in a US multicenter observational study, The Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01435187). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between urine GRP in the first postnatal week and multiple respiratory outcomes: BPD, defined as supplemental oxygen use at 36 + 0 weeks postmenstrual age, and post-PRD, defined by positive quarterly surveys for increased medical utilization over the first year (PRD score). RESULTS A total of 109 of 257 (42%) infants had BPD, and 120 of 217 (55%) had PRD. On adjusted analysis, GRP level more than 80 was associated with BPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-3.25) and positive PRD score (aOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.35-4.48). Urine GRP levels correlated with duration of NICU ventilatory and oxygen support and with biomarkers of oxidative stress: allantoin and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. CONCLUSIONS Urine GRP in the first postnatal week was associated with concurrent urine biomarkers of oxidative stress and with later diagnoses of BPD and PRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Voynow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kimberley Fisher
- Division of Neonatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary E Sunday
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Charles M Cotten
- Division of Neonatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Aaron Hamvas
- Division of Neonatology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri.,Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Brenda B Poindexter
- Division of Neonatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Clement L Ren
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rita M Ryan
- Division of Neonatology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jack K Sharp
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah P Young
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel G Greenberg
- Division of Neonatology and The Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy H Herring
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie D Davis
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Shirey KA, Sunday ME, Lai W, Patel M, Blanco JCG, Cuttitta F, Vogel SN. Novel role of gastrin releasing peptide-mediated signaling in the host response to influenza infection. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:223-231. [PMID: 30327535 PMCID: PMC6301097 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is an evolutionarily well-conserved neuropeptide that was originally recognized for its ability to mediate gastric acid secretion in the gut. More recently, however, GRP has been implicated in pulmonary lung inflammatory diseases including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and others. Antagonizing GRP or its receptor mitigated lethality associated with the onset of viral pneumonia in a well-characterized mouse model of influenza. In mice treated therapeutically with the small-molecule GRP inhibitor, NSC77427, increased survival was accompanied by decreased numbers of GRP-producing pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, improved lung histopathology, and suppressed cytokine gene expression. In addition, in vitro studies in macrophages indicate that GRP synergizes with the prototype TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide, to induce cytokine gene expression. Thus, these findings reveal that GRP is a previously unidentified mediator of influenza-induced inflammatory disease that is a potentially novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Ann Shirey
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Univ. of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA 21201
| | - Mary E. Sunday
- Dept. of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA 27710
| | - Wendy Lai
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Univ. of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA 21201
| | - Mira Patel
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., Rockville, MD USA 20850
| | | | - Frank Cuttitta
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD USA 21702
| | - Stefanie N. Vogel
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Univ. of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA 21201
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Yang H, Fu J, Yao L, Hou A, Xue X. Runx3 is a key modulator during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar type II cells in animal models of BPD. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1466-1476. [PMID: 28949375 PMCID: PMC5627869 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major challenge for premature infants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cells influences the normal alveolar development process. In this study, we wished to examine whether Runx3 is an important factor for BPD by regulating EMT in AT2 cells. In vivo, animal models of BPD were established by placing newborn rats in hyperoxia tanks. Lung tissue and isolated AT2 cells were collected on different days following exposure to oxygen. The pathological changes in lung tissue, alveolar development and Runx3 expression were then investigated. In vitro, RLE-6TN cells were divided into 5 groups as follows: the cont-rol, Runx3, siRunx3, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Runx3 + TGF-β1 groups, and the biomarkers of EMT were investigated. In the newborn rat model of BPD, Runx3 protein and mRNA levels in both lung tissue and BPD-derived AT2 cells were significantly lower than those in the control group. The correlation between Runx3 protein expression and pulmonary development indicators was analyzed; Runx3 expression positively correlated with the radial alveolar count (RAC) and the percentage of smooth muscle actin-positive secondary septa, but negatively correlated with alveolar wall thickness. EMT was observed in the RLE-6TN cells in which the Runx3 gene was knocked down and follwoing TGF-β1‑induced EMT stimulation; however, TGF-β1 failed to induce EMT in the RLE-6TN cells overexpressing Runx3. On the whole, our data indicte that low Runx3 levels may promote EMT, while high Runx3 levels inhibit TGF-β1-induced EMT. Therefore, we predict that low levels of Runx3 in BPD lung tissue may promote EMT in AT2 cells, thus affecting alveolar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Epigallocatechin gallate protects BEAS-2B cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis through upregulation of gastrin-releasing peptide. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:105-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Sunday ME. Oxygen, gastrin-releasing Peptide, and pediatric lung disease: life in the balance. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:72. [PMID: 25101250 PMCID: PMC4103080 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxygen (O2) can cause tissue injury, scarring, aging, and even death. Our laboratory is studying O2-sensing pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and the PNEC-derived product gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from exposure to hyperoxia, ozone, or ionizing radiation (RT) can induce PNEC degranulation and GRP secretion. PNEC degranulation is also induced by hypoxia, and effects of hypoxia are mediated by free radicals. We have determined that excessive GRP leads to lung injury with acute and chronic inflammation, leading to pulmonary fibrosis (PF), triggered via ROS exposure or by directly treating mice with exogenous GRP. In animal models, GRP-blockade abrogates lung injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. The optimal time frame for GRP-blockade and the key target cell types remain to be determined. The concept of GRP as a mediator of ROS-induced tissue damage represents a paradigm shift about how O2 can cause injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. The host PNEC response in vivo may depend on individual ROS sensing mechanisms and subsequent GRP secretion. Ongoing scientific and clinical investigations promise to further clarify the molecular pathways and clinical relevance of GRP in the pathogenesis of diverse pediatric lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Sunday
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC , USA
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11
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Tan YR, Qin XQ, Xiang Y, Yang T, Qu F, Wang Y, Liu HJ, Weber H. PPARalpha and AP-2alpha regulate bombesin receptor subtype 3 expression in ozone-stressed bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem J 2007; 405:131-7. [PMID: 17355223 PMCID: PMC1925247 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) significantly increased in an ozone-stressed airway hyperresponsiveness animal model and resulted in induced wound repair and protection from acute lung injury. In the present study, we determined molecular mechanisms of BRS-3 regulation in human BECs (bronchial epithelial cells) in response to ozone stress. Ten oligonucleotide probes corresponding to various regions of the BRS-3 promoter were used in EMSA (electrophoretic mobilityshift assays). Four were found to have an enhanced mobility shift with extracts from ozone-stressed cells. On the basis of the assay of mutated probes binding with extracts and antibody supershift, they were verified as MTF-1 (metal-regulatory-element-binding transcription factor-1), PPARalpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha), AP-2alpha (activator protein 2alpha) and HSF-1 (heat-shock factor 1). Next, ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) assay, site-directed mutagenesis technology and antisense oligonucleotide technology were used to observe these transcription factors associated with the BRS-3 promoter. Only AP-2alpha and PPARalpha increased ozone-inducible DNA binding on the BRS-3 promoter and BRS-3 expression. The time courses of AP-2alpha and PPARalpha activation, followed by BRS-3 expression, were also examined. It was shown that ozone-inducible BRS-3 expression and AP-2alpha- and PPARalpha-binding activity correlated over a 48 h period. The translocation of PPARalpha was observed by immunofluorescence assay, which showed that PPARalpha nuclear translocation increased after ozone exposure. Our data suggest that AP-2alpha and PPARalpha may be especially involved in this ozone-inducible up-regulation mechanism of BRS-3 expression.
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Key Words
- activator protein 2α (ap-2α)
- airway hyperresponsiveness
- bombesin receptor subtype-3 (brs-3)
- human bronchial epithelial cell
- ozone
- peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα)
- ahr, airway hyperresponsiveness
- ap-2, activator protein 2
- aso, antisense oligonucleotide
- bec, bronchial epithelial cell
- blp, bombesin-like peptide
- brs-3, bombesin receptor subtype 3
- chip, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- dmem, dulbecco's modified eagle's medium
- emsa, electrophoretic mobility-shift assay
- fam, 5-carboxyfluorescein
- fbs, fetal bovine serum
- fr, flanking region
- β-gal, β-galactosidase
- gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- grp, gastrin-releasing peptide
- hlf, human lung fibroblast
- hsf-1, heat-shock factor 1
- mtf-1, metal-regulatory-element-binding transcription factor-1
- nmb, neuromedin b
- ppar, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor
- rxr, retinoid x receptor
- tamra, 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-rong Tan
- *Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-qun Qin
- *Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- *Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- *Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Qu
- *Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- *Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-jun Liu
- *Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - H. Christian Weber
- †Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, U.S.A
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Subramaniam M, Bausch C, Twomey A, Andreeva S, Yoder BA, Chang L, Crapo JD, Pierce RA, Cuttitta F, Sunday ME. Bombesin-like peptides modulate alveolarization and angiogenesis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:902-12. [PMID: 17585105 PMCID: PMC2048672 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200611-1734oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of newborns, is paradoxically rising despite medical advances. We demonstrated elevated bombesin-like peptide levels in infants that later developed BPD. In the 140-day hyperoxic baboon model of BPD, anti-bombesin antibody 2A11 abrogated lung injury. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that bombesin-like peptides mediate BPD in extremely premature baboons (born at Gestational Day 125 and given oxygen pro re nata [PRN], called the 125-day PRN model), similar to "modern-day BPD." METHODS The 125-day animals were treated with 2A11 on Postnatal Day 1 (P1), P3, and P6. On P14 and P21, lungs were inflation-fixed for histopathologic analyses of alveolarization. Regulation of angiogenesis by bombesin was evaluated using cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In 125-day PRN animals, urine bombesin-like peptide levels at P2-3 are directly correlated with impaired lung function at P14. Gastrin-releasing peptide (the major pulmonary bombesin-like peptide) mRNA was elevated eightfold at P1 and remained high thereafter. At P14, 2A11 reduced alveolar wall thickness and increased the percentage of secondary septa containing endothelial cells. At P21, 2A11-treated 125-day PRN animals had improved alveolarization according to mean linear intercepts and number of branch points per millimeter squared. Bombesin promoted tubulogenesis of cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, but cocultured fetal lung mesenchymal cells abrogated this effect. CONCLUSIONS Early bombesin-like peptide overproduction in 125-day PRN animals predicted alveolarization defects weeks later. Bombesin-like peptide blockade improved septation, with the greatest effects at P21. This could have implications for preventing BPD in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Subramaniam
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tan YR, Qi MM, Qin XQ, Xiang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Qu F, Liu HJ, Zhang JS. Wound repair and proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells enhanced by bombesin receptor subtype 3 activation. Peptides 2006; 27:1852-8. [PMID: 16426703 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) in airway wound repair. The results showed that: (1) There was few expression of BRS-3 mRNA in the control group. In contrast, the expression of BRS-3 mRNA was gradually increased in the early 2 days, and peaked on the fourth day, and then decreased in the ozone-stressed AHR animal. BRS-3 mRNA was distributed in the ciliated columnar epithelium, monolayer columnar epithelium cells, scattered mesenchymal cells and Type II alveolar cells; (2) The wound repair and proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) were accelerated in a concentration-dependent manner by BRS-3 activation with P3513, which could be inhibited by PKA inhibitor H89. The study demostrated that activation of BRS-3 may play an important role in wound repair of AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Tan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
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Pua ZJ, Stonestreet BS, Cullen A, Shahsafaei A, Sadowska GB, Sunday ME. Histochemical analyses of altered fetal lung development following single vs multiple courses of antenatal steroids. J Histochem Cytochem 2005; 53:1469-79. [PMID: 15956023 PMCID: PMC3957547 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6721.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A single course of antenatal steroids is widely used during preterm labor to promote fetal lung maturation. However, little is known regarding efficacy and safety of multiple courses of antenatal steroids. In animal models and clinical trials, treatment with glucocorticoids can inhibit growth. The present study of single- vs multiple-course steroids in pregnant ewes analyzes the effects of steroids vs placebo on fetal lung histopathology. Single-course groups received dexamethasone (Dex) 6 mg or normal saline every 12 hr for 48 hr at 104-106 days of gestation (term = 150 days). Multiple-course groups received the first course at 76-78 days; this was repeated weekly for 5 weeks. At 108 days, lungs were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin, a myofibroblast marker and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Cell injury/death was evaluated using TdT-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis. Although fetal growth was restricted by either single or multiple courses of Dex, alveolar development was accelerated as measured by mean linear intercepts. Alveolar walls were thinner, developing septa were longer, and septal myofibroblasts were increased for both Dex groups compared with controls. Cell proliferation increased following multiple steroid courses, especially in the distal parenchyma, with a corresponding decrease in apoptosis. These observations suggest that Dex promotes alveolarization, whether given in single or multiple courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarah J. Pua
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (ZJP, AC, MES)
| | - Barbara S. Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's & Infants’ Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (BSS, GBS)
| | - Anne Cullen
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (ZJP, AC, MES)
| | - Aliakbar Shahsafaei
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (AS, MES)
| | - Grazyna B. Sadowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's & Infants’ Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (BSS, GBS)
| | - Mary E. Sunday
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (ZJP, AC, MES)
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (AS, MES)
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15
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Dumesny C, Whitley JC, Baldwin GS, Giraud AS, Shulkes A. Developmental expression and biological activity of gastrin-releasing peptide and its receptors in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F578-85. [PMID: 15140764 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00416.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) has a widespread distribution and multiple stimulating effects on metabolism, release of regulatory peptides, gastrointestinal and pancreatic secretions, and behavior. GRP is a potent mitogen for a number of tumor types, including colon and lung. Although GRP is known to stimulate the growth of renal tumors, little is known of its synthesis, distribution, and receptors in the developing and mature kidney. Both Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR revealed the presence of GRP mRNA in ovine kidney from midgestation through to adulthood. GRP mRNA was detected in rat kidney from embryonic day 19 to postnatal day 30 by RT-PCR. Sequence-specific radioimmunoassay demonstrated the presence of substantial amounts of fully processed amidated GRP in the ovine renal cortex and medulla. The mRNA for the major receptor subtype, GRP-R, was present in fetal and adult sheep and rat kidneys. The mRNA for the low-affinity GRP receptor, bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3), was only detected in the rat kidney. In the ovine kidney, immunohistochemistry localized GRP predominantly to the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. mRNAs for GRP, GRP-R, and BRS-3 were detected in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293, and radioimmunoassay of cell extracts and conditioned media revealed the presence of proGRP but not the amidated form. However, amidated GRP did stimulate the proliferation of these cells. These studies demonstrate that the developing and mature kidney may be previously unidentified sites of autocrine or paracrine action for GRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Dumesny
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
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16
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Shan L, Emanuel RL, Dewald D, Torday JS, Asokanathan N, Wada K, Wada E, Sunday ME. Bombesin-like peptide receptor gene expression, regulation, and function in fetal murine lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 286:L165-73. [PMID: 12959933 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00436.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombesin-peptide (BLP) immunoreactivity occurs at high levels in fetal lung. Previous studies showed that bombesin promotes fetal lung development. To test the hypothesis that such effects are mediated by known mammalian bombesin receptors [gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)/bombesin-preferring receptor (GRPR), neuromedin B (NMB) receptor (NMBR), and the orphan bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3)], we analyzed the ontogeny of GRPR, NMBR, and BRS-3 gene expression in mouse lung. We examined the regulation of these three genes by dexamethasone and bombesin, which modulate lung development. Using incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]choline, we then assessed whether GRP, NMB, and Leu8-phyllolitorin modulate lung growth and maturation in fetal lung explants. GRPR gene expression was detected predominantly in utero, whereas NMBR and BRS-3 genes were expressed from embryonic days 13-16 and on multiple postnatal days. All three mRNAs are present in airway epithelium and mesenchymal cells but occur in different relative patterns. These genes were regulated differently. Dexamethasone and bombesin increased GRPR mRNA, bombesin downregulated NMBR, and neither agent affected BRS-3. GRP increased incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]choline in explants, whereas NMB induced cell proliferation and Leu8-phyllolitorin yielded variable results. Cumulative data suggest the involvement of multiple BLP receptors, including novel molecules, and argue against simple functional redundancy within this gene family during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shan
- Department of Pathology, Children's and Brigham and Women's Hospitals and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Subramaniam M, Sugiyama K, Coy DH, Kong Y, Miller YE, Weller PF, Wada K, Wada E, Sunday ME. Bombesin-like peptides and mast cell responses: relevance to bronchopulmonary dysplasia? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:601-11. [PMID: 12807697 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200212-1434oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombesin-like peptides (BLPs) are elevated in newborns who later develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In baboon models, anti-BLP blocking antibodies abrogate BPD. We now demonstrate hyperplasia of both neuroendocrine cells and mast cells in lungs of baboons with BPD, compared with non-BPD controls or BLP antibody-treated BPD baboons. To determine whether BLPs are proinflammatory, bombesin was administered intratracheally to mice. Forty-eight hours later, we observed increased numbers of lung mast cells. We analyzed murine mast cells for BLP receptor gene expression, and identified mRNAs encoding bombesin receptor subtype 3 and neuromedin-B receptor (NMB-R), but not gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. Only NMB-R-null mice accumulated fewer lung mast cells after bombesin treatment. Bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide, NMB, and a bombesin receptor subtype 3-specific ligand induced mast cell proliferation and chemotaxis in vitro. These observations support a role for multiple BLPs in promoting mast cell responses, suggesting a mechanistic link between BLPs and chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Subramaniam
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Chang LYL, Subramaniam M, Yoder BA, Day BJ, Ellison MC, Sunday ME, Crapo JD. A catalytic antioxidant attenuates alveolar structural remodeling in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167:57-64. [PMID: 12502477 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200203-232oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide anion and other oxygen-free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We tested the hypothesis that a catalytic antioxidant metalloporphyrin AEOL 10113 can protect against hyperoxia-induced lung injury using a fetal baboon model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Fetal baboons were delivered by hysterotomy at 140 days of gestation (term = 185 days) and given 100% oxygen for 10 days. Morphometric analysis of alveolar structure showed that fetal baboons on 100% oxygen alone had increased parenchymal mast cells and eosinophils, increased alveolar tissue volume and septal thickness, and decreased alveolar surface area compared with animals given oxygen as needed. Treatment with AEOL 10113 (continuous intravenous infusion) during 100% oxygen exposure partially reversed these oxygen-induced changes. Hyperoxia increased the number of neuroendocrine cells in the peripheral lung, which was preceded by increased levels of urine bombesin-like peptide at 48 hours of age. AEOL 10113 inhibited the hyperoxia-induced increases in urine bombesin-like peptide and numbers of neuroendocrine cells. An increasing trend in oxygenation index over time was observed in the 100% oxygen group but not the mimetic-treated group. These results suggest that AEOL 10113 might reduce the risk of pulmonary oxygen toxicity in prematurely born infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yi L Chang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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19
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Kling DE, Lorenzo HK, Trbovich AM, Kinane TB, Donahoe PK, Schnitzer JJ. MEK-1/2 inhibition reduces branching morphogenesis and causes mesenchymal cell apoptosis in fetal rat lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 282:L370-8. [PMID: 11839529 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00200.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1 and -2 (ERK-1/2) in fetal lung development have not been extensively characterized. To determine if ERK-1/2 signaling plays a role in fetal lung branching morphogenesis, U-0126, an inhibitor of the upstream kinase MAP ERK kinase (MEK), was added to fetal lung explants in vitro. Morphometry as measured by branching, area, perimeter, and complexity were significantly reduced in U-0126-treated lungs. At the same time, U-0126 treatment reduced ERK-1/2, slightly increased p38 kinase, but did not change c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activities, indicating that U-0126 specifically inhibited the ERK-1/2 enzymes. These changes were associated with increased apoptosis as measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and immunofluorescent labeling of anti-active caspase-3 in the mesenchyme of explants after U-0126 treatment compared with the control. Mitosis characterized by immunolocalization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was found predominantly in the epithelium and was reduced in U-0126-treated explants. Thus U-0126 causes specific inhibition of ERK-1/2 signaling, diminished branching morphogenesis, characterized by increased mesenchymal apoptosis, and decreased epithelial proliferation in fetal lung explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Kling
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Pediatric Surgical Services, and the Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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20
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Yeger H, Pan J, Fu XW, Bear C, Cutz E. Expression of CFTR and Cl(-) conductances in cells of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 281:L713-21. [PMID: 11504700 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.3.l713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary neuroendocrine cell system comprises solitary neuroendocrine cells and clusters of innervated cells or neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). NEBs figure prominently during the perinatal period when they are postulated to be involved in physiological adaptation to air breathing. Previous studies have documented hyperplasia of NEBs in cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs and increased neuropeptide (bombesin) content produced by these cells, possibly secondary to chronic hypoxia related to CF lung disease. However, little is known about the role of NEBs in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease. In the present study, using a panel of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-specific antibodies and confocal microscopy in combination with RT-PCR, we demonstrate expression of CFTR message and protein in NEB cells of rabbit neonatal lungs. NEB cells expressed CFTR along with neuroendocrine markers. Confocal microscopy established apical membrane localization of the CFTR protein in NEB cells. Cl(-) conductances corresponding to functional CFTR were demonstrated in NEB cells in a fresh lung slice preparation. Our findings suggest that NEBs, and related neuroendocrine mechanisms, likely play a role in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease, including the early stages before establishment of chronic infection and chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yeger
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Research Institute and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
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21
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Borthwick DW, Shahbazian M, Krantz QT, Dorin JR, Randell SH. Evidence for stem-cell niches in the tracheal epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 24:662-70. [PMID: 11415930 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.24.6.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally important to elucidate airway epithelial cell lineages and to identify multipotent progenitors as targets for gene therapy. Stem (S) cells are typically present in specialized compartments spatially proximal to their differentiated progeny, but an equivalent paradigm has not been demonstrated in the airway. We discovered a distinct population of cells displaying high levels of keratin expression in murine tracheal submucosal gland ducts, and tested the hypothesis that bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) label-retaining cells (LRCs), thought to represent the S-cells, were present in this compartment. Mice received weekly epithelial damage by intratracheal detergent or SO(2) inhalation for 4 wk and received intraperitoneal injections of BrdU every 48 h during the injury and repair period. At 3 and 6 d after injury, BrdU-positive epithelial cells were noted along the entire tracheal length in both basal and lumenal cell positions. At later time points (20 and 95 d) LRCs were localized to gland ducts in the upper trachea and to systematically arrayed foci in the lower trachea, typically near the cartilage-intercartilage junction. LRCs were not pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. Heterotopic tracheal grafts after surface epithelial removal demonstrated reconstitution of a surface-like epithelium from gland remnants. These results suggest that airway epithelial S cells are localized to specific niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Borthwick
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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