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Huang L, Sun Y, Luo C, Wang W, Shi S, Sun G, Ju P, Chen J. Characterizing defective lipid metabolism in the lateral septum of mice treated with olanzapine: implications for its side effects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419098. [PMID: 38948475 PMCID: PMC11211371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia significantly impacts cognitive and behavioral functions and is primarily treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) such as olanzapine. Despite their efficacy, these drugs are linked to serious metabolic side effects which can diminish patient compliance, worsen psychiatric symptoms and increase cardiovascular disease risk. This study explores the hypothesis that SGAs affect the molecular determinants of synaptic plasticity and brain activity, particularly focusing on the lateral septum (LS) and its interactions within hypothalamic circuits that regulate feeding and energy expenditure. Utilizing functional ultrasound imaging, RNA sequencing, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified significant alterations in the functional connection between the hypothalamus and LS, along with changes in gene expression in the LS of mice following prolonged olanzapine exposure. Our analysis revealed a module closely linked to increases in body weight and adiposity, featuring genes primarily involved in lipid metabolism pathways, notably Apoa1, Apoc3, and Apoh. These findings suggest that olanzapine may influence body weight and adiposity through its impact on lipid metabolism-related genes in the LS. Therefore, the neural circuits connecting the LS and LH, along with the accompanying alterations in lipid metabolism, are likely crucial factors contributing to the weight gain and metabolic side effects associated with olanzapine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Genmin Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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2
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Xu Y, Jiang Z, Li H, Cai J, Jiang Y, Otiz-Guzman J, Xu Y, Arenkiel BR, Tong Q. Lateral septum as a melanocortin downstream site in obesity development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112502. [PMID: 37171957 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin pathway is well established to be critical for body-weight regulation in both rodents and humans. Despite extensive studies focusing on this pathway, the downstream brain sites that mediate its action are not clear. Here, we found that, among the known paraventricular hypothalamic (PVH) neuron groups, those expressing melanocortin receptors 4 (PVHMc4R) preferably project to the ventral part of the lateral septum (LSv), a brain region known to be involved in emotional behaviors. Photostimulation of PVHMc4R neuron terminals in the LSv reduces feeding and causes aversion, whereas deletion of Mc4Rs or disruption of glutamate release from LSv-projecting PVH neurons causes obesity. In addition, disruption of AMPA receptor function in PVH-projected LSv neurons causes obesity. Importantly, chronic inhibition of PVH- or PVHMc4R-projected LSv neurons causes obesity associated with reduced energy expenditure. Thus, the LSv functions as an important node in mediating melanocortin action on body-weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Xu
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Zhiying Jiang
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongli Li
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Cai
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center & UTHealth Houston Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua Otiz-Guzman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center & UTHealth Houston Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Wald HS, Ghidewon MY, Hayes MR, Grill HJ. Hindbrain ghrelin and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2, ligands for growth hormone secretagogue receptor, bidirectionally control food intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R547-R555. [PMID: 36847494 PMCID: PMC10069974 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00232.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Hindbrain growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonism increases food intake, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The functional effects of hindbrain GHSR antagonism by its endogenous antagonist liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) are also yet unexplored. To test the hypothesis that hindbrain GHSR agonism attenuates the food intake inhibitory effect of gastrointestinal (GI) satiation signals, ghrelin (at a feeding subthreshold dose) was administered to the fourth ventricle (4V) or directly to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) before systemic delivery of the GI satiation signal cholecystokinin (CCK). Also examined, was whether hindbrain GHSR agonism attenuated CCK-induced NTS neural activation (c-Fos immunofluorescence). To investigate an alternate hypothesis that hindbrain GHSR agonism enhances feeding motivation and food seeking, intake stimulatory ghrelin doses were administered to the 4V and fixed ratio 5 (FR-5), progressive ratio (PR), and operant reinstatement paradigms for palatable food responding were evaluated. Also assessed were 4V LEAP2 delivery on food intake and body weight (BW) and on ghrelin-stimulated feeding. Both 4V and NTS ghrelin blocked the intake inhibitory effect of CCK and 4V ghrelin blocked CCK-induced NTS neural activation. Although 4V ghrelin increased low-demand FR-5 responding, it did not increase high-demand PR or reinstatement of operant responding. Fourth ventricle LEAP2 reduced chow intake and BW and blocked hindbrain ghrelin-stimulated feeding. Data support a role for hindbrain GHSR in bidirectional control of food intake through mechanisms that include interacting with the NTS neural processing of GI satiation signals but not food motivation and food seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie S Wald
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Misgana Y Ghidewon
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Harvey J Grill
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Olivares-Barraza R, Marcos JL, Martínez-Pinto J, Fuenzalida M, Bravo JA, Gysling K, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Corticotropin-releasing factor system in the lateral septum: Implications in the pathophysiology of obesity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020903. [PMID: 36204135 PMCID: PMC9530601 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic associated with lifestyles changes. These include excess intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas, like the lateral hypothalamus (LH), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been linked in both homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. Interestingly, these control systems are regulated by the lateral septum (LS), a relay of γ-aminobutyric (GABA) acid neurons (GABAergic neurons) that inhibit the LH and GABAergic interneurons of the VTA. Furthermore, the LS has a diverse receptor population for neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as dopamine, glutamate, GABA and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), among others. Particularly, CRF a key player in the stress response, has been related to the development of overweight and obesity. Moreover, evidence shows that LS neurons neurophysiologically regulate reward and stress, although there is little evidence of LS taking part in homeostatic and hedonic feeding. In this review, we discuss the evidence that supports the role of LS and CRF on feeding, and how alterations in this system contribute to weight gain obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossy Olivares-Barraza
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José Luis Marcos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Veterinarias, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier A. Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Katia Gysling
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate,
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Azevedo EP, Ivan VJ, Friedman JM, Stern SA. Higher-Order Inputs Involved in Appetite Control. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:869-878. [PMID: 34593204 PMCID: PMC9704062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the neural control of appetite sheds light on the pathogenesis of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and obesity. Both diseases are a result of maladaptive eating behaviors (overeating or undereating) and are associated with life-threatening health problems. The fine regulation of appetite involves genetic, physiological, and environmental factors, which are detected and integrated in the brain by specific neuronal populations. For centuries, the hypothalamus has been the center of attention in the scientific community as a key regulator of appetite. The hypothalamus receives and sends axonal projections to several other brain regions that are important for the integration of sensory and emotional information. These connections ensure that appropriate behavioral decisions are made depending on the individual's emotional state and environment. Thus, the mechanisms by which higher-order brain regions integrate exteroceptive information to coordinate feeding is of great importance. In this review, we will focus on the functional and anatomical projections connecting the hypothalamus to the limbic system and higher-order brain centers in the cortex. We will also address the mechanisms by which specific neuronal populations located in higher-order centers regulate appetite and how maladaptive eating behaviors might arise from altered connections among cortical and subcortical areas with the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania P Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
| | - Violet J Ivan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
| | - Sarah A Stern
- Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior Research Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida.
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Calderwood MT, Tseng A, Gabriella I, Stanley BG. Feeding behavior elicited by mu opioid and GABA receptor activation in the lateral septum. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 217:173395. [PMID: 35513120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS), a brain region typically associated with behaviors involving reward, anxiety-like behavior, learning, and memory, has recently received increased interest due to its potential role in eating behavior. Our current results showed that morphine (5 μg) microinjected into the LS produced a stable feeding response. Specifically, across five days of repeated injections, there was no increase or sensitization effect, nor a decrease in feeding or tolerance. Additionally, we found that pretreatment with the broad-spectrum opioid receptor antagonist naloxone blocked morphine-elicited feeding, further supporting a role for LS opioid receptors in the activation of feeding behaviors. We had previously found that the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol produces a similar increase in feeding when injected into the LS. Given the involvement of the LS in multiple behaviors, we next evaluated whether other behaviors might be co-occurring with feeding in response to opioid or GABAA receptor agonist injection into the LS. We assessed eating, drinking, grooming, sleeping, activity levels and resting behavior for 3 h after injection of aCSF, DAMGO, morphine, or muscimol. We found that morphine and muscimol both decreased the latency to eat, and all drugs tested increased food intake. The feeding occurred within 30 min of muscimol injection but was delayed after opioid injections. The absence of increases in other goal-oriented behavior like drinking or grooming or behavioral hyperactivity supports a primary effect of muscimol and the opioids on LS mechanisms of feeding control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The LS is interesting because of its role in a wide range of behaviors including defensive behaviors, social behaviors, learning, memory, and motivation. Although the LS was discovered to have a role in feeding stimulation over 30 years ago, only recently has major progress begun to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The present paper contributes by suggesting that LS GABAA and μ-opioid receptors elicit eating by inhibiting LS neurons that themselves inhibit eating. Importantly, this work informs lateral septal research which may shed light on disordered eating included binge eating and anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Calderwood
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America.
| | - Andy Tseng
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - Ivett Gabriella
- Department of Molecular, Cell, System Biology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - B Glenn Stanley
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America; Department of Molecular, Cell, System Biology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
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7
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Patel H. The role of the lateral septum in neuropsychiatric disease. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1422-1437. [PMID: 35443088 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) is a structure in the midline of the brain that is interconnected with areas associated with stress and feeding. This review highlights the role of the LS in anxiety, depression, and eating disorders and their comorbidity. There is a prevailing view that the LS is anxiolytic. This review finds that the LS is both anxiolytic and anxiogenic. Furthermore, the LS can promote and inhibit feeding. Given these shared roles, the LS represents a common site for the comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders, and therefore a potential pharmacological target. This is crucial since currently available treatments are not always effective. Corticotrophin-releasing factor 2 antagonists are potential drugs for the treatment of anxiety and anorexia and require further research. Furthermore, other drugs currently in trials for binge eating, such as alpha-adrenergic agonists, may in fact promote food intake. It is hoped that the advancements in chemo- and optogenetic techniques will allow future studies to profile the specific neural connections of the LS and their function. This information could facilitate our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and therefore pharmacological targets, of these psychiatric conditions.
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Putting Together Pieces of the Lateral Septum: Multifaceted Functions and Its Neural Pathways. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0315-21.2021. [PMID: 34764187 PMCID: PMC8647703 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0315-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) is implicated as a hub that regulates a variety of affects, such as reward, feeding, anxiety, fear, sociability, and memory. However, it remains unclear how the LS, previously treated as a structure of homogeneity, exhibits such multifaceted functions. Emerging evidence suggests that different functions of the LS are mediated largely by its diverse input and output connections. It has also become clear that the LS is a heterogeneous region, where its dorsal and ventral poles play dissociable and often opposing roles. This functional heterogeneity can often be explained by distinct dorsal and ventral hippocampal inputs along the LS dorsoventral axis, as well as antagonizing connections between LS subregions. Similarly, outputs from LS subregions to respective downstream targets, such as hypothalamic, preoptic, and tegmental areas, also account for this functional heterogeneity. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on LS subregion classification, connectivity, and functions. We also identify key questions that have yet to be addressed in the field.
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Decarie-Spain L, Kanoski SE. Ghrelin and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Gut-Brain Axis Battle for Food Reward. Nutrients 2021; 13:977. [PMID: 33803053 PMCID: PMC8002922 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behaviors are influenced by the reinforcing properties of foods that can favor decisions driven by reward incentives over metabolic needs. These food reward-motivated behaviors are modulated by gut-derived peptides such as ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that are well-established to promote or reduce energy intake, respectively. In this review we highlight the antagonizing actions of ghrelin and GLP-1 on various behavioral constructs related to food reward/reinforcement, including reactivity to food cues, conditioned meal anticipation, effort-based food-motivated behaviors, and flavor-nutrient preference and aversion learning. We integrate physiological and behavioral neuroscience studies conducted in both rodents and human to illustrate translational findings of interest for the treatment of obesity or metabolic impairments. Collectively, the literature discussed herein highlights a model where ghrelin and GLP-1 regulate food reward-motivated behaviors via both competing and independent neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Decarie-Spain
- Human & Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Scott E. Kanoski
- Human & Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Khoury T, Ilan Y. Platform introducing individually tailored variability in nerve stimulations and dietary regimen to prevent weight regain following weight loss in patients with obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:114-123. [PMID: 33653665 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of weight regain following successful weight loss is a major challenge in the treatment of obesity, irrespective of the weight reduction method used. The majority of individuals regain the lost weight over time; thus, achieving long-term sustainability in weight loss remains an unresolved issue. A compensatory adaptation to the weight loss methods occurs in several body organs and partly explains the lack of sustainable effect. Variability is inherent in many biological systems, and patterns of variability constitute a body mechanism that is active at several levels, starting from the genes and cellular pathways through to the whole-organ level. This study aimed to describe a platform that introduces individually tailored variability in vagal nerve stimulation and dietary regimen to ensure prolonged and sustainable weight loss and prevent weight regain. The platform is intended to provide a method that can overcome the body's compensatory adaptation mechanisms while ensuring a prolonged beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Khoury
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel; Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, PO Box 12000, IL-91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Olszewski PK, Wood EL, Klockars A, Levine AS. Excessive Consumption of Sugar: an Insatiable Drive for Reward. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 8:120-128. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Novelle MG, Diéguez C. Unravelling the role and mechanism of adipokine and gastrointestinal signals in animal models in the nonhomeostatic control of energy homeostasis: Implications for binge eating disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:551-568. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta G. Novelle
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela Spain
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