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Conrad NJ, Heckler EP, Lee BJ, Hill GW, Flood TR, Wheeler LEV, Costello R, Walker EF, Gillum TL, Willems MET, Kuennen MR. New Zealand blackcurrant extract modulates the heat shock response in men during exercise in hot ambient conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w. [PMID: 38448730 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if 7d of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract alters the heat shock, inflammatory and apoptotic response during prolonged exertional-heat stress. METHODS Ten men (Age: 29 ± 2 years, Stature: 1.82 ± 0.02 m, Mass: 80.3 ± 2.7 kg, V̇O2max: 56 ± 2 mL·kg-1·min-1) ingested two capsules of CurraNZ™ (NZBC extract: 210 mg anthocyanins·day-1) or PLACEBO for 7d prior to 1 h treadmill run (65% V̇O2max) in hot ambient conditions (34 °C/40% RH). Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 1 h after (1-Post), and 4 h after (4-Post) exercise. Heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP32) were measured in plasma. HSP and protein markers of inflammatory capacity (TLR4, NF-κB) and apoptosis (BAX/BCL-2, Caspase 9) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RESULTS eHSP32 was elevated at baseline in NZBC(+ 31%; p < 0.001). In PLACEBO HSP32 content in PBMC was elevated at 4-Post(+ 98%; p = 0.002), whereas in NZBC it fell at Post(- 45%; p = 0.030) and 1-Post(- 48%; p = 0.026). eHSP70 was increased at Post in PLACEBO(+ 55.6%, p = 0.001) and NZBC (+ 50.7%, p = 0.010). eHSP90 was increased at Post(+ 77.9%, p < 0.001) and 1-Post(+ 73.2%, p < 0.001) in PLACEBO, with similar increases being shown in NZBC (+ 49.0%, p = 0.006 and + 66.2%, p = 0.001; respectively). TLR4 and NF-κB were both elevated in NZBC at PRE(+ 54%, p = 0.003 and + 57%, p = 0.004; respectively). Main effects of study condition were also shown for BAX/BCL-2(p = 0.025) and Caspase 9 (p = 0.043); both were higher in NZBC. CONCLUSION 7d of NZBC extract supplementation increased eHSP32 and PBMC HSP32 content. It also increased inflammatory and apoptotic markers in PBMC, suggesting that NZBC supports the putative inflammatory response that accompanies exertional-heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Conrad
- Department of Health & Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Emerson P Heckler
- Department of Health & Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Ben J Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, England
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Garrett W Hill
- Department of Health & Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Tessa R Flood
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Lucy E V Wheeler
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Rianne Costello
- Global Food Security Programme, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Swindon, UK
| | - Ella F Walker
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Trevor L Gillum
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Mark E T Willems
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Matthew R Kuennen
- Department of Health & Human Performance, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA.
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Mohammadi V, Elahi R, Rezakhani N. The role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathophysiology. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108564. [PMID: 37852076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by sustained hyperglycemia caused by impaired insulin signaling and secretion. Metabolic stress, caused by an inappropriate diet, is one of the major hallmarks provoking inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of highly conserved proteins that have a crucial role in chaperoning damaged and misfolded proteins to avoid disruption of cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. To do this, HSPs interact with diverse intra-and extracellular pathways among which are the insulin signaling, insulin secretion, and apoptosis pathways. Therefore, HSP dysfunction, e.g. HSP70, may lead to disruption of the pathways responsible for insulin secretion and uptake. Consistently, the altered expression of other HSPs and genetic polymorphisms in HSP-producing genes in diabetic subjects has made HSPs hot research in T2DM. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the role of different HSPs in T2DM pathogenesis, affected cellular pathways, and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting HSPs in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Vahid Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Negin Rezakhani
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Al-Horani RA, Al-Trad B, Haifawi S. Modulation of cardiac vascular endothelial growth factor and PGC-1α with regular postexercise cold-water immersion of rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1110-1116. [PMID: 30676864 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00918.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis and vascular angiogenesis biomarker responses to postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) have not been reported. Therefore, to determine those cardiac adaptations, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: postexercise CWI (CWI; n = 13), exercise only (Ex; n = 12), and untreated control (CON; n = 10). CWI and Ex were trained for 10 wk, 5 sessions/wk, 30-60 min/session. CWI rats were immersed after each session in cold water (15 min at ~12°C). CON remained sedentary. Left ventricle tissue was obtained 48 h after the last exercise session and analyzed for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) protein content and mRNA expression levels. In addition, superoxide dismutase activity and mRNA and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated. Ex and CWI induced higher PGC-1α protein content compared with CON (1.8 ± 0.6-fold, P < 0.001), which was significantly higher in CWI than Ex rats (P = 0.01). VEGF protein (4.3 ± 3.7-fold) and mRNA (10.1 ± 1.1-fold) were markedly increased only in CWI (P < 0.001) relative to CON. CWI and Ex augmented cardiac Hsp70 protein to a similar level relative to CON (P < 0.05); however, Hsp70 mRNA increased only in Ex (P = 0.002). No further differences were observed between groups. These results suggest that postexercise CWI may further enhance cardiac oxidative capacity by increasing the angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic factors. In addition, CWI does not seem to worsen exercise-induced cardioprotection and oxidative stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A regular postexercise cold-water immersion for 10 wk of endurance training augmented the myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis and vascular angiogenesis coactivators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor, respectively. In addition, postexercise cold-water immersion did not attenuate the exercise-induced increase in the cardioprotective biomarker heat shock protein 70 kDa or increase exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Saja Haifawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University , Irbid , Jordan
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Sidorenko S, Klimanova E, Milovanova K, Lopina OD, Kapilevich LV, Chibalin AV, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes in C2C12 myotubes triggered by electrical stimulation: Role of Ca2+i-mediated and Ca2+i-independent signaling and elevated [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Cell Calcium 2018; 76:72-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Akin S, Naito H, Ogura Y, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Kurosaka M, Kakigi R, Demirel HA. Short-term treadmill exercise in a cold environment does not induce adrenal Hsp72 and Hsp25 expression. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:407-413. [PMID: 27470130 PMCID: PMC10717108 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and in protecting cells from a range of acute and chronic stressful conditions. Treadmill running exercise results in increased Hsp72 and Hsp25 levels in various tissues and heat production during exercise has been shown to be the main factor for the increased levels of Hsp72 in myocardium. Since the adrenal gland plays a vital role in general response to stress, regulation of Hsps in adrenal glands following stressful events seems to be critical for controlling the whole-body stress response appropriately. This study tested the hypothesis of whether elevation of temperature is solely responsible for exercise-induced adrenal Hsp72 and Hsp25 expression. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) were randomly assigned to either a sedentary control group or one of two treadmill-running groups: a cold exercise group run in a cold room at 4 °C (CE), and a warm exercise group run at 25 °C temperature (WE). Animals were run 60 min a day at 30 m min-1 speed for 4 consecutive days following adaptation to treadmill exercise. Exercise resulted in a significant elevation of body temperature only in the WE group (p < 0.05). Adrenal Hsp72 and Hsp25 levels were significantly higher in the WE group compare to the other groups (p < 0.05). These data demonstrated that exercise-related elevations of body temperature could be the only factor for the inductions of adrenal Hsp72 and Hsp25 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Akin
- Division of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hisashi Naito
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inbamura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inbamura, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Mitsutoshi Kurosaka
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inbamura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inbamura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haydar A Demirel
- Division of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Leicht CA, Papanagopoulos A, Haghighat S, Faulkner SH. Increasing heat storage by wearing extra clothing during upper body exercise up-regulates heat shock protein 70 but does not modify the cytokine response. J Sports Sci 2017; 35:1752-1758. [PMID: 28282757 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1235795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) concentrations rise during heat stress, which can independently induce cytokine production. Upper body exercise normally results in modest body temperature elevations. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of additional clothing on the body temperature, cytokine and HSP70 responses during this exercise modality. Thirteen males performed 45-min constant-load arm cranking at 63% maximum aerobic power (62 ± 7%V̇O2peak) in either a non-permeable whole-body suit (intervention, INT) or shorts and T-shirt (control, CON). Exercise resulted in a significant increase of IL-6 and IL-1ra plasma concentrations (P < 0.001), with no difference between conditions (P > 0.19). The increase in HSP70 from pre to post was only significant for INT (0.12 ± 0.11ng∙mL-1, P < 0.01 vs. 0.04 ± 0.18 ng∙mL-1, P = 0.77). Immediately following exercise, Tcore was elevated by 0.46 ± 0.29 (INT) and 0.37 ± 0.23ºC (CON), respectively (P < 0.01), with no difference between conditions (P = 0.16). The rise in mean Tskin (2.88 ± 0.50 and 0.30 ± 0.89ºC, respectively) and maximum heat storage (3.24 ± 1.08 and 1.20 ± 1.04 J∙g-1, respectively) was higher during INT (P < 0.01). Despite large differences in heat storage between conditions, the HSP70 elevations during INT, even though significant, were very modest. Possibly, the Tcore elevations were too low to induce a more pronounced HSP70 response to ultimately affect cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof A Leicht
- a The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.,b The School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Aris Papanagopoulos
- b The School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Sam Haghighat
- b The School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Steve H Faulkner
- b The School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.,c Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
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Heck TG, Scomazzon SP, Nunes PR, Schöler CM, da Silva GS, Bittencourt A, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Krause M, Bazotte RB, Curi R, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Acute exercise boosts cell proliferation and the heat shock response in lymphocytes: correlation with cytokine production and extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:271-291. [PMID: 28251488 PMCID: PMC5352601 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise stimulates immune responses, but the appropriate "doses" for such achievements are unsettled. Conversely, in metabolic tissues, exercise improves the heat shock (HS) response, a universal cytoprotective response to proteostasis challenges that are centred on the expression of the 70-kDa family of intracellular heat shock proteins (iHSP70), which are anti-inflammatory. Concurrently, exercise triggers the export of HSP70 towards the extracellular milieu (eHSP70), where they work as pro-inflammatory cytokines. As the HS response is severely compromised in chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature, we wondered whether acute exercise bouts of different intensities could alter the HS response of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs and whether this would be related to immunoinflammatory responses. Adult male Wistar rats swam for 20 min at low, moderate, high or strenuous intensities as per an overload in tail base. Controls remained at rest under the same conditions. Afterwards, mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were assessed for the potency of the HS response (42 °C for 2 h), NF-κB binding activity, mitogen-stimulated proliferation and cytokine production. Exercise stimulated cell proliferation in an "inverted-U" fashion peaking at moderate load, which was paralleled by suppression of NF-κB activation and nuclear location, and followed by enhanced HS response in relation to non-exercised animals. Comparative levels of eHSP70 to iHSP70 (H-index) matched IL-2/IL-10 ratios. We conclude that exercise, in a workload-dependent way, stimulates immunoinflammatory performance of lymphocytes of tissues far from the circulation and this is associated with H-index of stress response, which is useful to assess training status and immunosurveillance balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Heck
- Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Rua do Comércio, 3000, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Pizzato Scomazzon
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrícia Renck Nunes
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Maria Schöler
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Stumpf da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Aline Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - 13° Andar, Bloco B, Sala 1302, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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Tsuzuki T, Kobayashi H, Yoshihara T, Kakigi R, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Naito H. Attenuation of exercise-induced heat shock protein 72 expression blunts improvements in whole-body insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:263-269. [PMID: 28155127 PMCID: PMC5352600 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in insulin resistance and improve the cellular stress response via HSP induction by exercise to treat type 2 diabetes. In this study, the effects of exercise-induced HSP72 expression levels on whole-body insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats were investigated. Male 25-week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats were divided into three groups: sedentary (Sed), trained in a thermal-neutral environment (NTr: 25 °C), and trained in a cold environment (CTr: 4 °C). Exercise training was conducted 5 days/week for 10 weeks. Rectal temperature was measured following each bout of exercise. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after the training sessions. The serum, gastrocnemius muscle, and liver were sampled 48 h after the final exercise session. HSP72 and heat shock cognate protein 73 expression levels were analyzed by Western blot, and serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured. NTr animals exhibited significantly higher body temperatures following exercise, whereas, CTr animals did not. Exercise training increased HSP72 levels in the gastrocnemius muscle and liver, whereas, HSP72 expression was significantly lower in the CTr group than that in the NTr group (p < 0.05). Glucose tolerance improved equally in both trained animals; however, insulin levels during the IPGTT were higher in CTr animals than those in NTr animals (p < 0.05). In addition, the TG and FFA levels decreased significantly only in NTr animals compared with those in Sed animals. These results suggest that attenuation of exercise-induced HSP72 expression partially blunts improvement in whole-body insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, 310-0015, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Noriko Ichinoseki-Sekine
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Faculty of Liveral Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, 261-8586, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
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Exosomes Mediate the Beneficial Effects of Exercise. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1000:333-353. [PMID: 29098629 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is known that moderate exercise can prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, but the exact molecular mechanisms mediating cardioprotective effect of exercise remain unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise has great impact on the biogenesis of exosomes, which have been found in both interstitial fluid and circulation, and play important roles in cellular communication. Exosomes carry functional molecules such as mRNAs, microRNA, and specific proteins, which can be used in the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of a variety of diseases. Our review focus on the current knowledge on exosome production, secretion, uptake and how exercise influence exosome content. We also highlight recent research development in exosome based approach for cardiac repair.
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An investigation of the suitability of Artificial Neural Networks for the prediction of core and local skin temperatures when trained with a large and gender-balanced database. Appl Soft Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Guy JH, Edwards AM, Miller CM, Deakin GB, Pyne DB. Short-term reliability of inflammatory mediators and response to exercise in the heat. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1622-1628. [PMID: 27594321 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1227464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prospective application of serum cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and heat shock proteins (eHSPs) requires reliable measurement of these biomarkers that can signify exercise-induced heat stress in hot conditions. To accomplish this, both short-term (7 day) reliability (at rest, n = 12) and the acute responsiveness of each biomarker to exercise in the heat (pre and post 60-min cycling, 34.5°C and 70% RH, n = 20) were evaluated. Serum was analysed for the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and LPS. Test-retest reliability was determined as the coefficient of variation (CV). Biomarkers with the least short-term within-participant variation were IL-6 (19%, ±20%; CV, ±95% confidence limits (CL)) and LPS (23%, ±13%). Greater variability was observed for IgM, eHSP72 and CRP (CV range 28-38%). IL-6 exhibited the largest increase in response to acute exercise (95%, ±11%, P = < 0.001) and although CRP had a modest CV (12%, ±7%), it increased substantially post-exercise (P = 0.02, ES; 0.78). In contrast, eHSP72 and LPS exhibited trivial changes post-exercise. It appears variation of common inflammatory markers after exercise in the heat is not always discernible from short-term (weekly) variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Guy
- a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , James Cook University , Cairns , Australia.,b Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of St Mark and St John , Plymouth , UK
| | - Andrew M Edwards
- a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , James Cook University , Cairns , Australia.,b Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of St Mark and St John , Plymouth , UK
| | - Catherine M Miller
- c College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Cairns , Australia
| | - Glen B Deakin
- a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , James Cook University , Cairns , Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , James Cook University , Cairns , Australia.,d Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra , Australia
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12
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Castellani JW, Zambraski EJ, Sawka MN, Urso ML. Does high muscle temperature accentuate skeletal muscle injury from eccentric exercise? Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/9/e12777. [PMID: 27185904 PMCID: PMC4873630 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is suspected of accentuating skeletal muscle injury from novel exercise, but this has not been well studied. This study examined if high muscle temperatures alters skeletal muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise (ECC). Eight volunteers (age, 22.5 ± 4.1 year; height, 169.5 ± 10.8 cm; body mass, 76.2 ± 12.6 kg), serving as their own control, and who were not heat acclimatized, completed two elbow flexor ECC trials; in one trial the biceps were heated >40°C (HEAT) and in the other trial there was no heating (NON). HEAT was applied with shortwave diathermy (100 W) for 15 min immediately before the first ECC bout and for 2 min in between each bout. Individuals were followed for 10 days after each ECC session, with a 6‐week washout period between arms. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction decreased by 41 ± 17% and 46 ± 20% in the NON and HEAT trials, respectively. Bicep circumference increased by 0.07 ± 0.08 mm (4%, P = 0.04) and relaxed range of motion decreased by 11.5 ± 8.2° (30%, P < 0.001) in both trials. Serum creatine kinase peaked 72‐h following ECC (NON: 6289 ± 10407; HEAT: 5486 ± 6229 IU L−1, 38‐fold increase, P < 0.01) as did serum myoglobin (NON: 362 ± 483; HEAT: 355 ± 373 μg L−1, 13‐fold increase, P < 0.03). Plasma HSP 70 was higher (P < 0.02) in HEAT after 120‐h of recovery. There were no differences between treatments for plasma HSP27 and interleukins 1β, 6, and 10. The results indicate that >40°C muscle temperature does not alter skeletal muscle injury or functional impairments induced by novel ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Castellani
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Edward J Zambraski
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Michael N Sawka
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Maria L Urso
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
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13
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Bittencourt A, Porto RR. eHSP70/iHSP70 and divergent functions on the challenge: effect of exercise and tissue specificity in response to stress. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:99-105. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bittencourt
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Basic Health Sciences; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Rossana Rosa Porto
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute of Basic Health Sciences; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Vodyanoy V. Thermodynamic evaluation of vesicles shed by erythrocytes at elevated temperatures. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 133:231-8. [PMID: 26117803 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes undergo structural transformation and shed small vesicles at elevated temperatures. To characterize mechanisms of the phenomenon, the Arrhenius and Eyring equations were used for analysis of the literature, experimental data on vesiculation of human and rat erythrocytes after the temperature was elevated by physical exercise or by exposure to external heat. The thermodynamic analysis of the data showed that erythrocyte transformation, vesicle release, and other associated processes are driven by entropy with enthalpy-entropy compensation. It is suggested that the physical state of the hydrated cell membrane is responsible for the compensation. The increase of vesicle number related to elevated temperatures may be indicative of the heat stress level and serve as diagnostic of erythrocyte stability and human performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vodyanoy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, United States; School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States; The Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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15
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Gibson OR, Mee JA, Taylor L, Tuttle JA, Watt PW, Maxwell NS. Isothermic and fixed-intensity heat acclimation methods elicit equal increases in Hsp72 mRNA. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 25 Suppl 1:259-68. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. R. Gibson
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME); Welkin Human Performance Laboratories; University of Brighton; Eastbourne UK
| | - J. A. Mee
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME); Welkin Human Performance Laboratories; University of Brighton; Eastbourne UK
| | - L. Taylor
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology (MCMP) and Applied Sport and Exercise Science (ASEP) Research Groups; Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity; Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR); University of Bedfordshire; Brighton UK
| | - J. A. Tuttle
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology (MCMP) and Applied Sport and Exercise Science (ASEP) Research Groups; Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity; Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR); University of Bedfordshire; Brighton UK
| | - P. W. Watt
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME); Welkin Human Performance Laboratories; University of Brighton; Eastbourne UK
| | - N. S. Maxwell
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME); Welkin Human Performance Laboratories; University of Brighton; Eastbourne UK
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16
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Shimizu K, Kon M, Tanimura Y, Hanaoka Y, Kimura F, Akama T, Kono I. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation downregulates the increase of monocytes expressing toll-like receptor 4 in response to 6-day intensive training in kendo athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:575-81. [PMID: 25941765 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined changes in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-expressing monocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations in response to continuous intensive exercise training in athletes, as well as the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on these changes. Eighteen male elite kendo athletes in Japan were randomly assigned to a CoQ10-supplementation group (n = 9) or a placebo-supplementation group (n = 9) using a double-blind method. Subjects in the CoQ10 group took 300 mg CoQ10 per day for 20 days. Subjects in the placebo group took the same dosage of placebo. All subjects practiced kendo 5.5 h per day for 6 consecutive days during the study period. Blood samples were collected 2 weeks before training, on the first day (day 1), third day (day 3), and fifth day of training (day 5), and 1 week after the training period (post-training) to ascertain TLR-4(+)/CD14(+) monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD28(+)/CD4(+), CD28(+)/CD8(+), and CD56(+)/CD3(-) cells) using flow cytometry analysis. The group × time interaction for TLR-4(+)/CD14(+) cells did not reach significance (p = 0.08). Within the CoQ10 group, the absolute number of TLR-4(+)/CD14(+) cells was significantly higher only at day 5. The placebo group showed a significant increase in the absolute number of TLR-4(+)/CD14(+) cells at day 3, day 5, and post-training (p < 0.05). There was no significant group × time interaction for any lymphocyte subpopulation. CD3(+), CD8(+), and CD56(+)/CD3(-) cells were significantly reduced at day 3 in both groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CoQ10 supplementation might downregulate the increase of TLR-4-expressing monocytes in response to continuous strenuous exercise training in kendo athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Sport Science, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056 Japan
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Gibson OR, Dennis A, Parfitt T, Taylor L, Watt PW, Maxwell NS. Extracellular Hsp72 concentration relates to a minimum endogenous criteria during acute exercise-heat exposure. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:389-400. [PMID: 24085588 PMCID: PMC3982022 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHsp72) concentration increases during exercise-heat stress when conditions elicit physiological strain. Differences in severity of environmental and exercise stimuli have elicited varied response to stress. The present study aimed to quantify the extent of increased eHsp72 with increased exogenous heat stress, and determine related endogenous markers of strain in an exercise-heat model. Ten males cycled for 90 min at 50 % [Formula: see text] in three conditions (TEMP, 20 °C/63 % RH; HOT, 30.2 °C/51%RH; VHOT, 40.0 °C/37%RH). Plasma was analysed for eHsp72 pre, immediately post and 24-h post each trial utilising a commercially available ELISA. Increased eHsp72 concentration was observed post VHOT trial (+172.4 %) (p < 0.05), but not TEMP (-1.9 %) or HOT (+25.7 %) conditions. eHsp72 returned to baseline values within 24 h in all conditions. Changes were observed in rectal temperature (Trec), rate of Trec increase, area under the curve for Trec of 38.5 and 39.0 °C, duration Trec ≥38.5 and ≥39.0 °C, and change in muscle temperature, between VHOT, and TEMP and HOT, but not between TEMP and HOT. Each condition also elicited significantly increasing physiological strain, described by sweat rate, heart rate, physiological strain index, rating of perceived exertion and thermal sensation. Stepwise multiple regression reported rate of Trec increase and change in Trec to be predictors of increased eHsp72 concentration. Data suggests eHsp72 concentration increases once systemic temperature and sympathetic activity exceeds a minimum endogenous criteria elicited during VHOT conditions and is likely to be modulated by large, rapid changes in core temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R Gibson
- School of Sport and Service Management, Welkin Science Laboratories, University of Brighton, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, UK,
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Gaughan JB, Bonner SL, Loxton I, Mader TL. Effects of chronic heat stress on plasma concentration of secreted heat shock protein 70 in growing feedlot cattle1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:120-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia, 4343
| | - S. L. Bonner
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia, 4343
| | - I. Loxton
- Beef Support Services P/L, P.O. Box 247 Yeppoon, Australia, 4703
| | - T. L. Mader
- Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 57905 866 Rd., Concord 68278
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Impact of exercise and metabolic disorders on heat shock proteins and vascular inflammation. Autoimmune Dis 2012; 2012:836519. [PMID: 23304460 PMCID: PMC3533452 DOI: 10.1155/2012/836519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) play critical roles in the body's self-defense under a variety of stresses, including heat shock, oxidative stress, radiation, and wounds, through the regulation of folding and functions of relevant cellular proteins. Exercise increases the levels of Hsp through elevated temperature, hormones, calcium fluxes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), or mechanical deformation of tissues. Isotonic contractions and endurance- type activities tend to increase Hsp60 and Hsp70. Eccentric muscle contractions lead to phosphorylation and translocation of Hsp25/27. Exercise-induced transient increases of Hsp inhibit the generation of inflammatory mediators and vascular inflammation. Metabolic disorders (hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia) are associated with type 1 diabetes (an autoimmune disease), type 2 diabetes (the common type of diabetes usually associated with obesity), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Metabolic disorders activate HSF/Hsp pathway, which was associated with oxidative stress, increased generation of inflammatory mediators, vascular inflammation, and cell injury. Knock down of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) reduced the activation of key inflammatory mediators in vascular cells. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest that the activation of HSF/Hsp induced by exercise or metabolic disorders may play a dual role in inflammation. The benefits of exercise on inflammation and metabolism depend on the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity.
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Hom LL, Lee ECH, Apicella JM, Wallace SD, Emmanuel H, Klau JF, Poh PYS, Marzano S, Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Maresh CM. Eleven days of moderate exercise and heat exposure induces acclimation without significant HSP70 and apoptosis responses of lymphocytes in college-aged males. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:29-39. [PMID: 21796498 PMCID: PMC3227846 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess whether a lymphocyte heat shock response and altered heat tolerance to ex vivo heat shock is evident during acclimation. We aimed to use flow cytometry to assess the CD3(+)CD4(+) T lymphocyte cell subset. We further aimed to induce acclimation using moderately stressful daily exercise-heat exposures to achieve acclimation. Eleven healthy males underwent 11 days of heat acclimation. Subjects walked for 90 min (50 ± 8% VO(2max)) on a treadmill (3.5 mph, 5% grade), in an environmental chamber (33°C, 30-50% relative humidity). Rectal temperature (°C), heart rate (in beats per minute), rating of perceived exertion , thermal ratings, hydration state, and sweat rate were measured during exercise and recovery. On days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 11, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from pre- and post-exercise blood samples. Intracellular and surface HSP70 (SPA-820PE, Stressgen, Assay Designs), and annexin V (ab14085, Abcam Inc.), as a marker of early apoptosis, were measured on CD3(+) and CD4(+) (sc-70624, sc-70670, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) gated lymphocytes. On day 10, subjects experienced 28 h of sleep loss. Heat acclimation was verified with decreased post-exercise rectal temperature, heart rate, and increased sweat rate on day 11, versus day 1. Heat acclimation was achieved in the absence of significant changes in intracellular HSP70 mean fluorescence intensity and percent of HSP70(+) lymphocytes during acclimation. Furthermore, there was no increased cellular heat tolerance during secondary ex vivo heat shock of the lymphocytes acquired from subjects during acclimation. There was no effect of a mild sleep loss on any variable. We conclude that our protocol successfully induced physiological acclimation without induction of cellular heat shock responses in lymphocytes and that added mild sleep loss is not sufficient to induce a heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L. Hom
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Elaine Choung-Hee Lee
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04634 USA
- PO Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 USA
| | - Jenna M. Apicella
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Sean D. Wallace
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Holly Emmanuel
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Jennifer F. Klau
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Paula Y. S. Poh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Stefania Marzano
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Lawrence E. Armstrong
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Douglas J. Casa
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Carl M. Maresh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
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Kiyatkin EA, Sharma HS. Expression of heat shock protein (HSP 72 kDa) during acute methamphetamine intoxication depends on brain hyperthermia: neurotoxicity or neuroprotection? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:47-60. [PMID: 20931246 PMCID: PMC3150468 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, light and electron microscopy were used to examine heat shock protein (HSP 72 kD) expression during acute methamphetamine (METH) intoxication in rats and evaluate its relationships with brain temperature and alterations in a number of other histochemical and morphological parameters. Freely moving rats received METH at the same dose (9 mg/kg, sc) but at different ambient temperatures (23 and 29°C), showing a wide range of brain temperature elevations (37.6-42.5°C); brains were taken for histochemical and morphological evaluations at peak of brain temperature increase. We found that acute METH intoxication induces massive and wide-spread HSP expression in neural and glial cells examined in detail in the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. In each of these structures, the number of HSP-positive cells tightly correlated with brain temperature elevation. The changes in HSP immunoreactivity were also tightly related to alterations in permeability of the blood-brain barrier, acute glial activation, and brain edema assessed by albumin and GFAP immunoreactivity and measuring tissue water content, respectively. While robust and generalized HSP production normally appears to be the part of an adaptive brain response associated with METH-induced metabolic activation, activation of this protective mechanism has its natural limits and could not counteract the damaging effects of oxidative stress, high temperature, and edema--the leading factors of METH-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Kiyatkin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Krause M, Rodrigues-Krause JDC. Extracellular heat shock proteins (eHSP70) in exercise: Possible targets outside the immune system and their role for neurodegenerative disorders treatment. Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:286-90. [PMID: 21071151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular heat shock protein 70kDa (iHSP70) is a universal marker of stress protein whose expression is induced by different cell stressors, such as heat, metabolite deprivation, redox imbalances and also during physical exercise. The activation of the iHSP70 is sine qua non for the promotion of tissue repair, since the expression of this chaperone confers cytoprotection and also exerts anti-inflammatory effects. On the other hand, exercise also induces the appearance of HSP70 in the extracellular medium (eHSP70) but, so far, the eHSP70 function has been mainly attributed to the activation of the immune system, seeming to perform an opposite function from the iHSP70. Since a moderate intensity exercise bout induces a general anti-inflammatory response even in the presence of an elevated eHSP70, this protein could carry out other functions rather than immune activation. Because exercise generates heat and metabolic challenges (especially on glucose metabolism) we suggests that the motoneurons, a very active (possibly one of the most stressed cells during exercise) and also very sensitive cells to heat and glucose metabolism imbalances, could be the major sites for the eHSP70 function. Due to the importance of the iHSP70 for repair and stress adaptation, this protein must be present in abundance on the site of stress and, because of its intrinsic inability response to stress [low heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) activation] and the structure of the motoneurons (very long cells), the iHSP70, produced on the very far nucleus, is not appropriately transported through the axon to the axon terminal, were it is required. Then, during the exercise, the released eHSP70 can be internalized by the motoneurons and act as intracellular chaperons, protecting this cell against oxidative damage, protein denaturation and many others. Since a decreased iHSP70 expression capacity is associated with neurodegeneration diseases (such as Parkinson, polyglutamine, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Huntington's and many others), the understanding of the physiological function of the extracellular HSP70 could be helpful on the treatment of neurodegenerative and other neuronal diseases. Besides that, it could explain some of the beneficial effects of the pharmacological HSP70 activators and also the beneficial effects of the exercise among neuronal cells during neurodegenerative-inducing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Krause
- Biomedical Research Group, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.
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Magalhães FDC, Amorim FT, Passos RLF, Fonseca MA, Oliveira KPM, Lima MRM, Guimarães JB, Ferreira-Júnior JB, Martini ARP, Lima NRV, Soares DD, Oliveira EM, Rodrigues LOC. Heat and exercise acclimation increases intracellular levels of Hsp72 and inhibits exercise-induced increase in intracellular and plasma Hsp72 in humans. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:885-95. [PMID: 20414820 PMCID: PMC3024066 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to verify the effects of heat and exercise acclimation (HA) on resting and exercise-induced expression of plasma and leukocyte heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in humans, nine healthy young male volunteers (25.0 ± 0.7 years; 80.5 ± 2.0 kg; 180 ± 2 cm, mean ± SE) exercised for 60 min in a hot, dry environment (40 ± 0°C and 45 ± 0% relative humidity) for 11 days. The protocol consisted of running on a treadmill using a controlled hyperthermia technique in which the work rate was adjusted to elevate the rectal temperature by 1°C in 30 min and maintain it elevated for another 30 min. Before and after the HA, the volunteers performed a heat stress test (HST) at 50% of their individual maximal power output for 90 min in the same environment. Blood was drawn before (REST), immediately after (POST) and 1 h after (1 h POST) HST, and plasma and leukocytes were separated and stored. Subjects showed expected adaptations to HA: reduced exercise rectal and mean skin temperatures and heart rate, and augmented sweat rate and exercise tolerance. In HST1, plasma Hsp72 increased from REST to POST and then returned to resting values 1 h POST (REST: 1.11 ± 0.07, POST: 1.48 ± 0.10, 1 h POST: 1.22 ± 0.11 ng mL(-1); p < 0.05). In HST2, there was no change in plasma Hsp72 (REST: 0.94 ± 0.08, POST: 1.20 ± 0.15, 1 h POST: 1.17 ± 0.16 ng mL(-1); p > 0.05). HA increased resting levels of intracellular Hsp72 (HST1: 1 ± 0.02 and HST2: 4.2 ± 1.2 density units, p < 0.05). Exercise-induced increased intracellular Hsp72 expression was observed on HST1 (HST1: REST, 1 ± 0.02 vs. POST, 2.9 ± 0.9 density units, mean ± SE, p < 0.05) but was inhibited on HST2 (HST2: REST, 4.2 ± 1.2 vs. POST, 4.4 ± 1.1 density units, p > 0.05). Regression analysis showed that the lower the pre-exercise expression of intracellular Hsp72, the higher the exercise-induced increase (R = -0.85, p < 0.05). In conclusion, HA increased resting leukocyte Hsp72 levels and inhibited exercise-induced expression. This intracellular adaptation probably induces thermotolerance. In addition, the non-increase in plasma Hsp72 after HA may be related to lower stress at the cellular level in the acclimated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Physical Activity, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Renata L. Freitas Passos
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michele Atalla Fonseca
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kenya Paula Moreira Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milene Rodrigues Malheiros Lima
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bohen Guimarães
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Batista Ferreira-Júnior
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelo R. P. Martini
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nilo R. V. Lima
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danusa Dias Soares
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Oswaldo Carneiro Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627–Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31310-250 Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Fu YS, Wang PH, Liu SP, Huang WH, Huang HT. Warm SPA-induced hyperthermia confers protection to rats against airway inflammation evoked by capsaicin and substance P. Auton Neurosci 2010; 155:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Giraldo E, Multhoff G, Ortega E. Noradrenaline increases the expression and release of Hsp72 by human neutrophils. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:672-7. [PMID: 20188818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The blood concentration of extracellular 72kDa heat shock protein (eHsp72) increases under conditions of stress, including intense exercise. However, the signal(s), source(s), and secretory pathways in its release into the bloodstream have yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of noradrenaline (NA) as a stress signal on the expression and release of Hsp72 by circulating neutrophils (as a source), all within a context of the immunophysiological regulation during exercise-induced stress in sedentary and healthy young (21-26years) women. The expression of Hsp72 on the surface of isolated neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry, and its release by cultured isolated neutrophils was determined by ELISA. Incubation with cmHsp70-FITC showed that neutrophils express Hsp72 on their surface under basal conditions. In addition, cultured isolated neutrophils (37 degrees C and 5% CO(2)) also released Hsp72 under basal conditions, with this release increasing from 10min to 24h in the absence of cell damage. NA at 10(-9)-10(-5)M doubled the percentage of neutrophils expressing Hsp72 after 60min and 24h incubation. NA also stimulated (by about 20%) the release of Hsp72 after 10min of incubation. IN CONCLUSION (1) Hsp72 is expressed on the surface of isolated neutrophils under basal conditions, and this expression is augmented by NA. (2) Isolated neutrophils can also release Hsp72 under cultured basal conditions in the absence of cell death, and NA can increase this release. These results may contribute to confirming the hypothesis that NA can act as a "stress signal" for the increased eHsp72 in the context of exercise stress, with a role for neutrophils as a source for the expression and, to a lesser degree, the release of Hsp72 after activation by NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giraldo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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72 kDa Extracellular Heat Shock Protein (eHsp72), Norepinephrine (NE), and the Innate Immune Response Following Moderate Exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3381-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Staib JL, Tümer N, Powers SK. Increased temperature and protein oxidation lead to HSP72 mRNA and protein accumulation in the in vivo exercised rat heart. Exp Physiol 2008; 94:71-80. [PMID: 18931043 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2008.044685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Expression of myocardial heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), mediated by its transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), increases following exercise. However, the upstream stimuli governing exercise-induced HSF1 activation and subsequent Hsp72 gene expression in the whole animal remain unclear. Exercise-induced increases in body temperature may promote myocardial radical production, leading to protein oxidation. Conceivably, myocardial protein oxidation during exercise may serve as an important signal to promote nuclear HSF1 migration and activation of Hsp72 expression. Therefore, these experiments tested the hypothesis that prevention of exercise-induced increases in body temperature attenuates cardiac protein oxidation, diminishes HSF1 activation and decreases HSP72 expression in vivo. To test this hypothesis, in vivo exercise-induced changes in body temperature were manipulated by exercising male rats in either cold (4 degrees C) or warm ambient conditions (22 degrees C). Warm exercise increased both body temperature (+3 degrees C) and myocardial protein oxidation, whereas these changes were attenuated by cold exercise. Interestingly, exercise in both conditions did not significantly increase myocardial nuclear localized phosphorylated HSF1. Nonetheless, warm exercise elevated left-ventricular HSP72 mRNA by ninefold and increased myocardial HSP72 protein levels by threefold compared with cold-exercised animals. Collectively, these data indicate that elevated body temperature and myocardial protein oxidation promoted exercise-induced cardiac HSP72 mRNA expression and protein accumulation following in vivo exercise. However, these results suggest that exercise-induced myocardial HSP72 protein accumulation is not a result of nuclear-localized, phosphorylated HSF1, indicating that other transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are involved in exercise-induced HSP72 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Staib
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118225, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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