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Park J, Yamamoto Y, Hidaka K, Wada-Takahashi S, Takahashi SS, Morozumi T, Kubota N, Saita M, Saruta J, Sakaguchi W, To M, Shimizu T, Mikuni-Takagaki Y, Tsukinoki K. Effects of Diabetes and Voluntary Exercise on IgA Concentration and Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Expression in the Submandibular Gland of Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040789. [PMID: 37109747 PMCID: PMC10144866 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) because they are easily infected. Salivary IgA (sali-IgA) levels play a major role in transmitting URTIs. Sali-IgA levels are determined by salivary gland IgA production and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (poly-IgR) expression. However, it is unknown whether salivary gland IgA production and poly-IgR expression are decreased in patients with diabetes. While exercise is reported to increase or decrease the sali-IgA levels, it is unclear how exercise affects the salivary glands of patients with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of diabetes and voluntary exercise on IgA production and poly-IgR expression in the salivary glands of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Ten spontaneously diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (eight-week-old) were divided into two groups of five rats each: a non-exercise group (OLETF-C) and a voluntary wheel-running group (OLETF-E). Five Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats without diabetes were bred under the same conditions as the OLETF-C. Sixteen weeks after the study began, the submandibular glands (SGs) were collected and analyzed for IgA and poly-IgR expression levels. Results: IgA concentrations and poly-IgR expression levels in SGs were lower in OLETF-C and OLETF-E than in LETO (p < 0.05). These values did not differ between the OLETF-C and OLETF-E. Conclusions: Diabetes decreases IgA production and poly-IgR expression in the salivary glands of rats. Moreover, voluntary exercise increases sali-IgA levels but does not increase IgA production and poly-IgR expression in the salivary glands of diabetic rats. Increasing IgA production and poly-IgR expression in the salivary glands, which is reduced in diabetes, might require slightly higher-intensity exercise than voluntary exercise under the supervision of a doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaebum Park
- Department of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University, Junior College, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kouki Hidaka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Wada-Takahashi
- Department of Oral Physiology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shun-Suke Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Department of Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 9518580, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kubota
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Saita
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Juri Saruta
- Department of Education Planning, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wakako Sakaguchi
- Department of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro To
- Department of Clinical Oral Anatomy, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shimizu
- Department of Implantology and Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 2210835, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
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Trucas M, Kowalik MA, Boi M, Serra MP, Perra A, Quartu M. The density of hepatic autonomic innervation differs between compensatory and direct hyperplasia rat models. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:98-107. [PMID: 36371610 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To contribute to the knowledge of the autonomic innervation in liver regeneration, here we investigate the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactive (LI) nerve fibers, to indicate noradrenergic and cholinergic nerves, respectively, in rats under different conditions of liver damage and repair. By immunohistochemistry and assessment of nerve fiber density, three models of induced hepatic regeneration were examined: the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) intoxication, with two treatment periods of 14 weeks and 18 weeks; the partial hepatectomy (PH); the thyroid hormone (T3) treatment. TH- and ChAT-LI nerve fibers were detectable mostly in the portal spaces, the TH-LI ones occurring only around blood vessels while the ChAT-LI nerve fibers were also associated with secretory ducts. The density of TH-like immunoreactivity in the portal areas decreased after the CCl4 14 weeks treatment and PH and increased after T3. By contrast, ChAT-LI nerve fibers appeared particularly abundant around the neoductal elements in the CCl4 rats and were rare to absent in the PH and T3-treated groups. The ChAT-LI nerve fiber density within the portal areas revealed an increase in the CCl4 -treated rats while showing no change in the PH and T3-treated rats. The changes in the density of perivascular TH- and ChAT-containing nerve fibers suggest a finely tuned autonomic modulation of hepatic blood flow depending on the type of subacute/chronic induced hyperplasia, while the characteristic occurrence of the periductal cholinergic innervation after the CCl4 treatment implies a selective parasympathetic role in regulating the physiopathological regenerative potential of the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Trucas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
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3
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Cheng X, Zhang Y, Chen R, Qian S, Lv H, Liu X, Zeng S. Anatomical Evidence for Parasympathetic Innervation of the Renal Vasculature and Pelvis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:2194-2210. [PMID: 36253054 PMCID: PMC9731635 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidneys critically contribute to body homeostasis under the control of the autonomic nerves, which enter the kidney along the renal vasculature. Although the renal sympathetic and sensory nerves have long been confirmed, no significant anatomic evidence exists for renal parasympathetic innervation. METHODS We identified cholinergic nerve varicosities associated with the renal vasculature and pelvis using various anatomic research methods, including a genetically modified mouse model and immunostaining. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was used to analyze the expression of AChRs in the renal artery and its segmental branches. To assess the origins of parasympathetic projecting nerves of the kidney, we performed retrograde tracing using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV), followed by imaging of whole brains, spinal cords, and ganglia. RESULTS We found that cholinergic axons supply the main renal artery, segmental renal artery, and renal pelvis. On the renal artery, the newly discovered cholinergic nerve fibers are separated not only from the sympathetic nerves but also from the sensory nerves. We also found cholinergic ganglion cells within the renal nerve plexus. Moreover, the scRNA-Seq analysis suggested that acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are expressed in the renal artery and its segmental branches. In addition, retrograde tracing suggested vagus afferents conduct the renal sensory pathway to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and vagus efferents project to the kidney. CONCLUSIONS Cholinergic nerves supply renal vasculature and renal pelvis, and a vagal brain-kidney axis is involved in renal innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Cheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Qian
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijun Lv
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Meng XL, Lu JC, Zeng HY, Chen Z, Guo XJ, Gao C, Pei YZ, Hu SY, Ye M, Sun QM, Yang GH, Cai JB, Huang PX, Yv L, Zhang L, Shi YH, Ke AW, Zhou J, Fan J, Chen Y, Huang XY, Shi GM. The clinical implications and molecular features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with perineural invasion. Hepatol Int 2022; 17:63-76. [PMID: 36418844 PMCID: PMC9895046 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perineural invasion (PNI) is associated with metastasis in malignancies, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and is correlated with poor prognosis. METHODS The study included three large cohorts: ZS-ICC and TMA cohorts from our team, MSK cohort from a public database, and a small cohort named cohort 4. Prognostic implications of PNI were investigated in MSK cohort and TMA cohort. PNI-related genomic and transcriptomic profiles were analyzed in MSK and ZS-ICC cohorts. GO, KEGG, and ssGSEA analyses were performed. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the relationship between PNI and markers of neurons, hydrolases, and immune cells. The efficacy of adjuvant therapy in ICC patients with PNI was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 30.6% and 20.7% ICC patients had PNI in MSK and TMA cohorts respectively. Patients with PNI presented with malignant phenotypes such as high CA19-9, the large bile duct type, lymph node invasion, and shortened overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Nerves involved in PNI positively express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of sympathetic nerves. Patients with PNI showed high mutation frequency of KRAS and an immune suppressive metastasis prone niche of decreased NK cell, increased neutrophil, and elevated PD-L1, CD80, and CD86 expression. Patients with PNI had an extended OS after adjuvant therapy with TEGIO, GEMOX, or capecitabine. CONCLUSION Our study deciphered the genomic features and the immune suppressive metastasis-prone niche in ICC with PNI. Patients with PNI showed a poor prognosis after surgery but a good response to adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Long Meng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Zi Pei
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Yang Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mu Ye
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi-Man Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Huang Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pei-Xin Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Yv
- Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lv Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Yong Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Flavonoid Extract from Propolis Provides Cardioprotection following Myocardial Infarction by Activating PPAR-γ. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1333545. [PMID: 35928246 PMCID: PMC9345730 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1333545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that flavonoid extract from propolis (FP) can improve cardiac function in rats following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the mechanisms responsible for the cardioprotective effects of FP have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we explored whether FP can reduce inflammatory cytokines and attenuate sympathetic nerve system activity and antiendoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and whether the cardioprotective effects are related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham group received the surgical procedure but no artery was ligated; MI group received ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) branch of the coronary artery; MI + FP group received FP (12.5 mg/kg/d, intragastrically) seven days prior to LAD ligation; FP group (Sham group + 12.5 mg/kg/d, intragastrically); MI + FP + GW9662 group received FP prior to LAD ligation with the addition of a specific PPAR-γ inhibitor (GW9662), 1 mg/kg/d, orally); and MI + GW9662 group received the PPAR-γ inhibitor and LAD ligation. The results demonstrated that the following inflammatory markers were significantly elevated following MI as compared with expression in sham animals: IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP; markers of sympathetic activation: plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and GAP43, nerve growth factor, thyroid hormone; and ER stress response markers GRP78 and CHOP. Notably, the above changes were attenuated by FP, and GW9662 was able to alleviate the effect of FP. In conclusion, FP induces a cardioprotective effect following myocardial infarction by activating PPAR-γ, leading to less inflammation, cardiac sympathetic activity, and ER stress.
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Hohl M, Selejan SR, Wintrich J, Lehnert U, Speer T, Schneider C, Mauz M, Markwirth P, Wong DWL, Boor P, Kazakov A, Mollenhauer M, Linz B, Klinkhammer BM, Hübner U, Ukena C, Moellmann J, Lehrke M, Wagenpfeil S, Werner C, Linz D, Mahfoud F, Böhm M. Renal Denervation Prevents Atrial Arrhythmogenic Substrate Development in CKD. Circ Res 2022; 130:814-828. [PMID: 35130718 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent and represents a major risk factor for stroke and death. CKD is associated with atrial proarrhythmic remodeling and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Whether reduction of the sympathetic nerve activity by renal denervation (RDN) inhibits AF vulnerability in CKD is unknown. METHODS Left atrial (LA) fibrosis was analyzed in samples from patients with AF and concomitant CKD (estimated GFR, <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) using picrosirius red and compared with AF patients without CKD and patients with sinus rhythm with and without CKD. In a translational approach, male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with 0.25% adenine (AD)-containing chow for 16 weeks to induce CKD. At week 5, AD-fed rats underwent RDN or sham operation (AD). Rats on normal chow served as control. After 16 weeks, cardiac function and AF susceptibility were assessed by echocardiography, radiotelemetry, electrophysiological mapping, and burst stimulation, respectively. LA tissue was histologically analyzed for sympathetic innervation using tyrosine hydroxylase staining, and LA fibrosis was determined using picrosirius red. RESULTS Sirius red staining demonstrated significantly increased LA fibrosis in patients with AF+CKD compared with AF without CKD or sinus rhythm. In rats, AD demonstrated LA structural changes with enhanced sympathetic innervation compared with control. In AD, LA enlargement was associated with prolonged duration of induced AF episodes, impaired LA conduction latency, and increased absolute conduction inhomogeneity. RDN treatment improved LA remodeling and reduced LA diameter compared with sham-operated AD. Furthermore, RDN decreased AF susceptibility and ameliorated LA conduction latency and absolute conduction inhomogeneity, independent of blood pressure reduction and renal function. CONCLUSIONS In an experimental rat model of CKD, RDN inhibited progression of atrial structural and electrophysiological remodeling. Therefore, RDN represents a potential therapeutic tool to reduce the risk of AF in CKD, independent of changes in renal function and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hohl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Simina-Ramona Selejan
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Jan Wintrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Ulrike Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany (T.S.).,Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany. (T.S.)
| | - Clara Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Muriel Mauz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Philipp Markwirth
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Dickson W L Wong
- Institut für Pathologie Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Germany (D.W.L.W., P.B., B.M.K.)
| | - Peter Boor
- Institut für Pathologie Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Germany (D.W.L.W., P.B., B.M.K.)
| | - Andrey Kazakov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Martin Mollenhauer
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (M. Mollenhauer)
| | - Benedikt Linz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (B.L.)
| | | | - Ulrich Hübner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany (U.H.)
| | - Christian Ukena
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Julia Moellmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany (J.M., M.L.)
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany (J.M., M.L.)
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Medizinische Informatik, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany. (S.W.)
| | - Christian Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Dominik Linz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.L.)
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.H., S.-R.S., J.W., U.L., C.S., M. Mauz, P.M., A.K., C.U., C.W., D.L., F.M., M.B.)
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7
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Campbell-Thompson M, Butterworth EA, Boatwright JL, Nair MA, Nasif LH, Nasif K, Revell AY, Riva A, Mathews CE, Gerling IC, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA. Islet sympathetic innervation and islet neuropathology in patients with type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6562. [PMID: 33753784 PMCID: PMC7985489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves hypersecretion during postprandial states, but insufficient secretion during hypoglycemia. The sympathetic nervous system regulates glucagon secretion. To investigate islet sympathetic innervation in T1D, sympathetic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) axons were analyzed in control non-diabetic organ donors, non-diabetic islet autoantibody-positive individuals (AAb), and age-matched persons with T1D. Islet TH axon numbers and density were significantly decreased in AAb compared to T1D with no significant differences observed in exocrine TH axon volume or lengths between groups. TH axons were in close approximation to islet α-cells in T1D individuals with long-standing diabetes. Islet RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR analyses identified significant alterations in noradrenalin degradation, α-adrenergic signaling, cardiac β-adrenergic signaling, catecholamine biosynthesis, and additional neuropathology pathways. The close approximation of TH axons at islet α-cells supports a model for sympathetic efferent neurons directly regulating glucagon secretion. Sympathetic islet innervation and intrinsic adrenergic signaling pathways could be novel targets for improving glucagon secretion in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Butterworth
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - J Lucas Boatwright
- Bioinformatics Core, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Malavika A Nair
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lith H Nasif
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kamal Nasif
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Andy Y Revell
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Alberto Riva
- Bioinformatics Core, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Desmond A Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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8
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Wilson PJM, Ranganath LR, Bou‐Gharios G, Gallagher JA, Hughes JH. Expression of tyrosine pathway enzymes in mice demonstrates that homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase deficiency in the liver is responsible for homogentisic acid-derived ochronotic pigmentation. JIMD Rep 2021; 58:52-60. [PMID: 33728247 PMCID: PMC7932868 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaptonuria (AKU) is caused by homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) deficiency. This study aimed to determine if HGD and other enzymes related to tyrosine metabolism are associated with the location of ochronotic pigment. Liver, kidney, skin, bone, brain, eyes, spleen, intestine, lung, heart, cartilage, and muscle were harvested from 6 AKU BALB/c Hgd -/- (3 females, 3 males) and 4 male C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice. Hgd, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-Hppd), tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), and tyrosinase (Tyr) mRNA expression was investigated using qPCR. Adrenal gland and gonads from AKU Hgd tm1a -/- mice were LacZ stained, followed by qPCR analysis of Hgd mRNA. The liver had the highest expression of Hgd, followed by the kidney, with none detected in cartilage or brain. Low-level Hgd expression was observed within developing male germ cells within the testis and epididymis in Hgd tm1a -/-. 4-Hppd was most abundant in liver, with smaller amounts in kidney and low-level expression in other tissues. Th was expressed mainly in brain and Tyr was found primarily in the eyes. The tissue distribution of both Hgd and 4-Hppd suggest that ochronotic pigment in AKU mice is a consequence of enzymes within the liver, and not from enzymatic activity within ochronotic tissues. Excessive accumulation of HGA as ochronotic pigment in joints and other connective tissues originates from the circulation and therefore the extracellular fluid. The tissue distribution of both Th and Tyr suggests that these enzymes are not involved in the formation of HGA-derived ochronotic pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. M. Wilson
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Lakshminarayan R. Ranganath
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic MedicineRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - George Bou‐Gharios
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - James A. Gallagher
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Juliette H. Hughes
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
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9
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Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang Maintains Cardiac Function during Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Salt-Sensitive Rats by Regulating the Imbalance of Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:9467271. [PMID: 33628295 PMCID: PMC7895587 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9467271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective The anatomical and functional imbalances of sympathetic nerves are associated with cardiovascular disease progression. Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (XQLT), an ancient Chinese herbal formula, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in eastern Asia for thousands of years. We determined the effect of XQLT in maintaining cardiac function during heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with respect to its neurobiological effects in salt-sensitive rats. Methods Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats were fed a high-salt diet to establish an HFrEF model and were divided into model (DS, administered normal saline) and XQL groups (administrated XQLT) randomly, with SS-13BN rats being used as the control. The bodyweight and blood pressure of rats were observed regularly. Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were determined to assess cardiac function. The sympathetic tune and myocardial morphological changes were evaluated. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to assay the expression of the nerve growth factor (NGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) were assayed to confirm sympathetic remodeling. The micromorphological changes in cardiac sympathetic nerve endings were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Four weeks after XQLT treatment, cardiac function and bodyweight were higher and blood pressure was lower than that of the DS group. Myocardial noradrenaline (NA) increased, while the plasma NA level decreased significantly. The morphology demonstrated that XQLT significantly alleviated myocardial damage. XQLT decreased the expression of LIF, increased the expression of NGF, enhanced the TH+/GAP43+ and TH+/CHAT + positive nerve fiber density, and improved the TH and GAP43 protein expression, but had no effect on CHAT. Moreover, XQLT improved the micromorphology of sympathetic nerve endings in the myocardium. Conclusion XQLT maintains cardiac function during HFrEF in salt-sensitive rats, in part, by regulating the imbalance of cardiac sympathetic innervation.
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10
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Sievers W, Rathner JA, Green RA, Kettle C, Irving HR, Whelan DR, Fernandez RGD, Zacharias A. Innervation of supraclavicular adipose tissue: A human cadaveric study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236286. [PMID: 32702004 PMCID: PMC7377457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) was identified in adult humans only in 2007 with the use of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Previous studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between obesity and BAT presence in humans. It is proposed that BAT possesses the capacity to increase metabolism and aid weight loss. In rodents it is well established that BAT is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system with the interscapular BAT being innervated via branches of intercostal nerves. Whilst there is evidence to suggest that BAT possesses beta-3 adrenoceptors, no studies have identified the specific nerve branch that carries sympathetic innervation to BAT in humans. The aim of this study was to identify and trace the peripheral nerve or nerves that innervate human BAT in the supraclavicular region. The posterior triangle region of the neck of cadaveric specimens were dissected in order to identify any peripheral nerve branches piercing and/or terminating in supraclavicular BAT. A previously undescribed branch of the cervical plexus terminating in a supraclavicular adipose depot was identified in all specimens. This was typically an independent branch of the plexus, from the third cervical spinal nerve, but in one specimen was a branch of the supraclavicular nerve. Histological analysis revealed the supraclavicular adipose depot contained tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive structures, which likely represent sympathetic axons. This is the first study that identifies a nerve branch to supraclavicular BAT-like tissue. This finding opens new avenues for the investigation of neural regulation of fat metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Sievers
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Rathner
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney A. Green
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Kettle
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen R. Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donna R. Whelan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard G. D. Fernandez
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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11
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O'Donovan SM, Crowley EK, Brown JRM, O'Sullivan O, O'Leary OF, Timmons S, Nolan YM, Clarke DJ, Hyland NP, Joyce SA, Sullivan AM, O'Neill C. Nigral overexpression of α-synuclein in a rat Parkinson's disease model indicates alterations in the enteric nervous system and the gut microbiome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13726. [PMID: 31576631 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the build-up of α-synuclein protein aggregates throughout the brain; however α-synuclein is also expressed in enteric neurons. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and pathology are frequently reported in PD, including constipation, increased intestinal permeability, glial pathology, and alterations to gut microbiota composition. α-synuclein can propagate through neuronal systems but the site of origin of α-synuclein pathology, whether it be the gut or the brain, is still unknown. Physical exercise is associated with alleviating symptoms of PD and with altering the composition of the gut microbiota. METHODS This study investigated the effects of bilateral nigral injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-α-synuclein on enteric neurons, glia and neurochemistry, the gut microbiome, and bile acid metabolism in rats, some of whom were exposed to voluntary exercise. KEY RESULTS Nigral overexpression of α-synuclein resulted in significant neuronal loss in the ileal submucosal plexus with no change in enteric glia. In contrast, the myenteric plexus showed a significant increase in glial expression, while neuronal numbers were maintained. Concomitant alterations were observed in the gut microbiome and related bile acid metabolism. Voluntary running protected against neuronal loss, increased enteric glial expression, and modified gut microbiome composition in the brain-injected AAV-α-synuclein PD model. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES These results show that developing nigral α-synuclein pathology in this PD model exerts significant alterations on the enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut microbiome that are receptive to modification by exercise. This highlights brain to gut communication as an important mechanism in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M O'Donovan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Erin K Crowley
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Orla O'Sullivan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F O'Leary
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Timmons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Centre of Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cora O'Neill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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12
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Soto-Piña AE, Franklin C, Rani CSS, Fernandez E, Cardoso-Peña E, Benítez-Arciniega AD, Gottlieb H, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Strong R. Dexamethasone Causes Hypertension in Rats Even Under Chemical Blockade of Peripheral Sympathetic Nerves. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1305. [PMID: 31866814 PMCID: PMC6909820 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat inflammatory conditions. However, chronic use of GCs can lead to hypertension. The cause of this undesired side effect remains unclear. Previously, we developed an in vivo rat model to study the mechanisms underlying hypertension induced by the chronic administration of the potent synthetic GC, dexamethasone (DEX) and found that the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway plays an important role. In the current study, we used this model to investigate the role of the adrenal medulla, renal nerves, and other peripheral sympathetic nerves in DEX-induced hypertension. After 5 days of baseline telemetric recording of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), rats were subjected to one of the following treatments: renal denervation (RDNX), adrenal medullectomy (ADMX), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce chemical sympathectomy, or a combination of ADMX and 6-OHDA. On day 11, the animals received vehicle (VEH) or DEX in drinking water for 7 days, with the latter causing an increase in MAP in control animals. ADMX and RDNX by themselves exacerbated the pressor effect of DEX. In the chemical sympathectomy group, DEX still caused a rise in MAP but the response was lower (ΔMAP of 6-OHDA/DEX < VEH/DEX, p = 0.039). However, when ΔMAP was normalized to day 10, 6-OHDA + DEX did not show any difference from VEH + DEX, certainly not an increase as observed in DEX + ADMX or RDNX groups. This indicates that sympathetic nerves do not modulate the pressor effect of DEX. TH mRNA levels increased in the adrenal medulla in both VEH/DEX (p = 0.009) and 6-OHDA/DEX (p = 0.031) groups. In the 6-OHDA group, DEX also increased plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) (p = 0.016). Our results suggest that the activation of catecholamine synthetic pathway could be involved in the pressor response to DEX in animals even under chemical sympathectomy with 6-OHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Franklin
- Feik School of Pharmacy, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - C S Sheela Rani
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elías Cardoso-Peña
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 220, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Helmut Gottlieb
- Feik School of Pharmacy, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Carmen Hinojosa-Laborde
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Randy Strong
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
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13
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Mishima K, Nakasatomi M, Takahashi S, Ikeuchi H, Sakairi T, Kaneko Y, Hiromura K, Nojima Y, Maeshima A. Attenuation of renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice lacking the N-type calcium channel. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223496. [PMID: 31596895 PMCID: PMC6785082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-type Ca2+ channel (Cav2.2) is distributed in sympathetic nerves that innervate the tubules, the vessels, and the juxtaglomerular granular cells of the kidney. However, the role of N-type Ca2+ channels in renal disease remains unknown. To address this issue, Cav2.2 knockout mice were utilized. Immunoreactive Cav2.2 was undetectable in normal kidneys of C57BL/6N mice, but it became positive in the interstitial S100-positive nerve fibers after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). There were no significant differences in mean blood pressure, heart rate, and renal function between wild-type littermates and Cav2.2-knockout mice at baseline, as well as after UUO. Cav2.2 deficiency significantly reduced the EVG-positive fibrotic area, alpha-SMA expression, the production of type I collagen, and the hypoxic area in the obstructed kidneys. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker for sympathetic neurons, was significantly increased in the obstructed kidneys of wild-type mice, but not in Cav2.2-knockout mice. These data suggest that increased Cav2.2 is implicated in renal nerve activation leading to the progression of renal fibrosis. Blockade of Cav2.2 might be a novel therapeutic approach for preventing renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Mishima
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masao Nakasatomi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ikeuchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toru Sakairi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Kaneko
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nojima
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akito Maeshima
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Zhang P, Li T, Liu YQ, Zhang H, Xue SM, Li G, Cheng HYM, Cao JM. Contribution of DNA methylation in chronic stress-induced cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:12240-12252. [PMID: 31431066 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is recognized that stress can induce cardiac dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that chronic negative stress leads to alterations in DNA methylation of certain cardiac genes, which in turn contribute to pathologic remodeling of the heart. We found that mice that were exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 4 wk exhibited cardiac remodeling toward heart failure, as characterized by ventricular chamber dilatation, wall thinning, and decreased contractility. CRS also induced cardiac arrhythmias, including intermittent sinus tachycardia and bradycardia, frequent premature ventricular contraction, and sporadic atrioventricular conduction block. Circulating levels of stress hormones were elevated, and the cardiac expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of sympathetic innervation, was increased in CRS mice. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we found that although CRS did not lead to global changes in DNA methylation in the murine heart, it nevertheless altered methylation at specific genes that are associated with the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (e.g., desmin) and adrenergic signaling of cardiomyocytes (ASPC) (e.g., adrenergic receptor-α1) pathways. We conclude that CRS induces cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias, potentially through altered methylation of myocardial genes associated with the DCM and ASPC pathways.-Zhang, P., Li, T., Liu, Y.-Q., Zhang, H., Xue, S.-M., Li, G., Cheng, H.-Y.M., Cao, J.-M. Contribution of DNA methylation in chronic stress-induced cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education-Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education-Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ya-Qin Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education-Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education-Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Si-Meng Xue
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education-Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education-Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education-Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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15
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Watson AMD, Gould EAM, Penfold SA, Lambert GW, Pratama PR, Dai A, Gray SP, Head GA, Jandeleit-Dahm KA. Diabetes and Hypertension Differentially Affect Renal Catecholamines and Renal Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Physiol 2019; 10:309. [PMID: 31040788 PMCID: PMC6477025 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetic hypertensive nephropathy have accelerated disease progression. Diabetes and hypertension have both been associated with changes in renal catecholamines and reactive oxygen species. With a specific focus on renal catecholamines and oxidative stress we examined a combined model of hypertension and diabetes using normotensive BPN/3J and hypertensive BPH/2J Schlager mice. Induction of diabetes (5 × 55 mg/kg streptozotocin i.p.) did not change the hypertensive status of BPH/2J mice (telemetric 24 h avg. MAP, non-diabetic 131 ± 2 vs. diabetic 129 ± 1 mmHg, n.s at 9 weeks of study). Diabetes-associated albuminuria was higher in BPH/2J vs. diabetic BPN/3J (1205 + 196/-169 versus 496 + 67/-59 μg/24 h, p = 0.008). HPLC measurement of renal cortical norepinephrine and dopamine showed significantly greater levels in hypertensive mice whilst diabetes was associated with significantly lower catecholamine levels. Diabetic BPH/2J also had greater renal catecholamine levels than diabetic BPN/3J (diabetic: norepinephrine BPN/3J 40 ± 4, BPH/2J 91 ± 5, p = 0.010; dopamine: BPN/3J 2 ± 1; BPH/2J 3 ± 1 ng/mg total protein, p < 0.001 after 10 weeks of study). Diabetic BPH/2J showed greater cortical tubular immunostaining for monoamine oxidase A and cortical mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide formation was greater in both diabetic and non-diabetic BPH/2J. While cytosolic catalase activity was greater in non-diabetic BPH/2J it was significantly lower in diabetic BPH/2J (cytosolic: BPH/2J 127 ± 12 vs. 63 ± 6 nmol/min/ml, p < 0.001). We conclude that greater levels of renal norepinephrine and dopamine associated with hypertension, together with diabetes-associated compromised anti-oxidant systems, contribute to increased renal oxidative stress in diabetes and hypertension. Elevations in renal cortical catecholamines and reactive oxygen species have important therapeutic implications for hypertensive diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M D Watson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sally A Penfold
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen P Gray
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Silva-Cutini MA, Almeida SA, Nascimento AM, Abreu GR, Bissoli NS, Lenz D, Endringer DC, Brasil GA, Lima EM, Biancardi VC, Andrade TU. Long-term treatment with kefir probiotics ameliorates cardiac function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 66:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Mishra D, Richard JE, Maric I, Porteiro B, Häring M, Kooijman S, Musovic S, Eerola K, López-Ferreras L, Peris E, Grycel K, Shevchouk OT, Micallef P, Olofsson CS, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Grill HJ, Nogueiras R, Skibicka KP. Parabrachial Interleukin-6 Reduces Body Weight and Food Intake and Increases Thermogenesis to Regulate Energy Metabolism. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3011-3026.e5. [PMID: 30865890 PMCID: PMC6418345 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation and increased serum levels of the cytokine IL-6 accompany obesity. For brain-produced IL-6, the mechanisms by which it controls energy balance and its role in obesity remain unclear. Here, we show that brain-produced IL-6 is decreased in obese mice and rats in a neuroanatomically and sex-specific manner. Reduced IL-6 mRNA localized to lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, including paraventricular hypothalamus-innervating lPBN neurons. IL-6 microinjection into lPBN reduced food intake and increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in male lean and obese rats by increasing thyroid and sympathetic outflow to BAT. Parabrachial IL-6 interacted with leptin to reduce feeding. siRNA-mediated reduction of lPBN IL-6 leads to increased weight gain and adiposity, reduced BAT thermogenesis, and increased food intake. Ambient cold exposure partly normalizes the obesity-induced suppression of lPBN IL-6. These results indicate that lPBN-produced IL-6 regulates feeding and metabolism and pinpoints (patho)physiological contexts interacting with lPBN IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer E Richard
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivana Maric
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Begona Porteiro
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Martin Häring
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saliha Musovic
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kim Eerola
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduard Peris
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Grycel
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olesya T Shevchouk
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Micallef
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Harvey J Grill
- Lynch Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology and Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Santa-Rosa FA, Shimojo GL, Sartori M, Rocha AC, Francica JV, Paiva J, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Familial history of hypertension-induced impairment on heart rate variability was not observed in strength-trained subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7310. [PMID: 30462769 PMCID: PMC6247241 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Family history of hypertension is an important predictive factor for hypertension and is associated with hemodynamic and autonomic abnormalities. Previous studies reported that strength training might reduce arterial blood pressure (AP), as well as improve heart rate variability (HRV). However, the benefits of strength training in the offspring of hypertensive parents have not been fully evaluated. Here, we analyzed the impact of strength training on hemodynamics and autonomic parameters in offspring of hypertensive subjects. We performed a cross-sectional study with sedentary or physically active offspring of normotensives (S-ON and A-ON) or hypertensives (S-OH and A-OH). We recorded RR interval for analysis of HRV. AP was similar between groups. Sedentary offspring of hypertensives presented impairment of total variance of RR interval, as well as an increase in cardiac sympathovagal balance (S-OH: 4.2±0.7 vs S-ON: 2.8±0.4 and A-ON: 2.4±0.1). In contrast, the strength-trained group with a family history of hypertension did not show such dysfunctions. In conclusion, sedentary offspring of hypertensives, despite displaying no changes in AP, showed reduced HRV, reinforcing the hypothesis that autonomic dysfunctions have been associated with higher risk of hypertension onset. Our findings demonstrated that strength-trained offspring of hypertensives did not present impaired HRV, thus reinforcing the benefits of an active lifestyle in the prevention of early dysfunctions associated with the onset of hypertension in predisposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Santa-Rosa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - G L Shimojo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M Sartori
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Rocha
- Laboratório do Movimento Humano, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J V Francica
- Laboratório do Movimento Humano, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J Paiva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M C Irigoyen
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - K De Angelis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a major source of pain and disability worldwide. OA-associated pain is usually refractory to classically used analgesics, and disease-modifying therapies are still lacking. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms and mediators contributing to the generation and maintenance of OA pain is critical for the development of efficient and safe pain-relieving therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to OA pain. Clinical evidence suggests that a strong peripheral nociceptive drive from the affected joint maintains pain and central sensitization associated with OA. Mediators present in the OA joint, including nerve growth factor, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells can contribute to sensitization. Furthermore, structural alterations in joint innervation and nerve damage occur in the course of OA. Several interrelated pathological processes, including joint damage, structural reorganization of joint afferents, low-grade inflammation, neuroplasticity, and nerve damage all contribute to the pain observed in OA. It can be anticipated that elucidating exactly how these mechanisms are operational in the course of progressive OA may lead to the identification of novel targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Phuong B Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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20
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Ding X, Yu C, Liu Y, Yan S, Li W, Wang D, Sun L, Han Y, Li M, Zhang S, Yun F, Zhao H, Li Y. Chronic obstructive sleep apnea accelerates pulmonary remodeling via TGF-β/miR-185/CoLA1 signaling in a canine model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57545-57555. [PMID: 27542203 PMCID: PMC5295371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is considered to be associated with pulmonary diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms of OSA in pulmonary remodeling remain ambiguous. Thus, this study was aimed to elucidate the morphological and mechanical action of OSA in lung remodeling. In the present study, we employed a novel OSA model to mimic the OSA patient and investigate the role of OSA in pulmonary remodeling. We showed that pulmonary artery pressure of OSA group has no significant increased compared with the sham group. Nevertheless, we found that fibrotic tissue was predominantly located around the bronchi and vascular in the lung. Additionally, inflammatory cell infiltration was also detected in the peribonchial and perivascular space. The morphological change in OSA canines was ascertained by ultrastructure variation characterized by mitochondrial swelling, lamellar bodies degeneration and vascular smooth muscle incrassation. Moreover, sympathetic nerve sprouting was markedly increased in OSA group. Mechanistically, we showed that several pivotal proteins including collagen type I(CoLA1), GAP-43, TH and NGF were highly expressed in OSA groups. Furthermore, we found OSA could activated the expression of TGF-β, which subsequently suppressed miR-185 and promoted CoL A1 expression. This signaling cascade leads to pulmonary remodeling. In conclusion, Our data demonstrates that OSA can accelerate the progression of pulmonary remodeling through TGF-β/miR-185/CoLA1 signaling, which would potentially provide therapeutic strategies for chronic OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Sen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Fengxiang Yun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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21
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Peleli M, Flacker P, Zhuge Z, Gomez C, Wheelock CE, Persson AEG, Carlstrom M. Renal denervation attenuates hypertension and renal dysfunction in a model of cardiovascular and renal disease, which is associated with reduced NADPH and xanthine oxidase activity. Redox Biol 2017; 13:522-527. [PMID: 28734244 PMCID: PMC5520954 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered a central pathophysiological event in cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Early age reduction in renal mass is associated with hypertension and oxidative stress in later life, which is aggravated by increased salt intake. The aim of the present study was to examine if renal sympathetic denervation can exert blood pressure lowering effects in uninephrectomized (UNX) rats (3-week old) fed with high salt (HS, 4%; w/w) diet for 4 weeks. Moreover, we investigated if renal denervation is associated with changes in NADPH and xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Rats with UNX + HS had reduced renal function, elevated systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, which was accompanied by increased heart weight, and cardiac superoxide production compared to sham operated Controls. UNX + HS was also associated with higher expression and activity of NADPH and xanthine oxidase in the kidney. Renal denervation in rats with UNX + HS attenuated the development of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, but also improved glomerular filtration rate and reduced proteinuria. Mechanistically, renal denervation was associated with lower expression and activity of both NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase in the kidney, but also reduced superoxide production in the heart. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that renal denervation has anti-hypertensive, cardio- and reno-protective effects in the UNX + HS model, which can be associated with decreased NADPH oxidase- and xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (i.e., superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) in the kidney. Uninephrectomy + high salt intake (UNX + HS) is linked with hypertension and renal dysfunction. UNX + HS increases renal NADPH oxidase-mediated O2•− and H2O2 production. UNX + HS increases renal xanthine oxidase-mediated H2O2 production. Renal denervation attenuates development of hypertension and renal dysfunction. Renal denervation is associated with lower NADPH and xanthine oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peleli
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Flacker
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Pediatric Surgery Section, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Gomez
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Erik G Persson
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dept. of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlstrom
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Evaluation of specific neural marker GAP-43 and TH combined with Masson-trichrome staining for forensic autopsy cases with old myocardial infarction. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:187-195. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Silencing salusin-β attenuates cardiovascular remodeling and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43259. [PMID: 28230187 PMCID: PMC5322393 DOI: 10.1038/srep43259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salusin-β is a bioactive peptide involved in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, vascular fibrosis and hypertension. The present study was designed to determine the effects of silencing salusin-β on hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Thirteen-week-old male SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to intravenous injection of PBS, adenoviral vectors encoding salusin-β shRNA (Ad-Sal-shRNA) or a scramble shRNA. Salusin-β levels in plasma, myocardium and mesenteric artery were increased in SHR. Silencing salusin-β had no significant effect on blood pressure in WKY, but reduced blood pressure in SHR. It reduced the ratio of left ventricle weight to body weight, cross-sectional areas of cardiocytes and perivascular fibrosis, and decreased the media thickness and the media/lumen ratio of arteries in SHR. Silencing salusin-β almost normalized plasma norepinephrine and angiotensin II levels in SHR. It prevented the upregulation of angiotensin II and AT1 receptors, and reduced the NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion levels in myocardium and mesenteric artery of SHR. Knockdown of salusin-β attenuated cell proliferation and fibrosis in vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR. These results indicate that silencing salusin-β attenuates hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in SHR.
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Feng Q, Lu C, Wang L, Song L, Li C, Uppada RC. Effects of renal denervation on cardiac oxidative stress and local activity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system in acute myocardial infracted dogs. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28212603 PMCID: PMC5316157 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study sought to evaluate the therapeutic effects of renal denervation (RDN) on acute myocardial infarction (MI) in canines and explore its possible mechanisms of action. Methods Eighteen healthy mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to either the control group, the MI group or the MI + RDN group. To assess cardiac function, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and fraction shortening (FS) were recorded. Additionally, haemodynamic parameters such as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Cardiac oxidative stress levels were evaluated based on the expression of p47phox mRNA, malondialdehyde (MDA), anti-superoxide anion free radical (ASAFR) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). To measure the local activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), angiotensin II (AngII), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (1–7) [Ang(1–7)] and Mas receptor (MasR) in myocardial tissues were recorded. The expression of TH in renal tissue and serum creatinine were used to assess the effectiveness of the RDN procedure and renal function, respectively. Results We found that MI deteriorated heart function and activated cardiac oxidative stress and the local neurohumoral system, while RDN partially reversed these changes. Compared with the control group, parameters including LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDP and the levels of ASAFR, MDA, p47phox,ACE2, Ang(1–7), MasR, AngII and TH-positive nerves were increased (all P < 0.05) in myocardial infracted dogs; meanwhile, LVEF, FS, LVSP and SOD expression were decreased (all P < 0.05). However, after RDN therapy, these changes were significantly improved (P < 0.05), except that there were no significant differences observed in FS or LVSP between the two groups (P = 0.092 and 0.931, respectively). Importantly, the expression of TH, AngII and Ang(1–7) was positively correlated with MDA and negatively correlated with SOD. Between-group comparisons demonstrated no differences in serum creatinine (P = 0.706). Conclusions RDN attenuated cardiac remodelling and improved heart function by decreasing the level of cardiac oxidative stress and the local activity of the SNS and RAS in cardiac tissues. Additionally, the safety of the RDN procedure was established, as no significant decrease in LVSP or rise in serum creatinine was observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Feng
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Department of Digestion, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ravi Chandra Uppada
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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25
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Soto-Pina AE, Franklin C, Rani CSS, Gottlieb H, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Strong R. A Novel Model of Dexamethasone-Induced Hypertension: Use in Investigating the Role of Tyrosine Hydroxylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 358:528-36. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.234005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Miller RE, Tran PB, Sondoqah A, Raghu P, Ishihara S, Miller RJ, Malfait AM. The Role of Peripheral Nociceptive Neurons in the Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis Pain. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2015; 13:318-26. [PMID: 26233284 PMCID: PMC4596062 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-015-0280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive damage and remodeling of all tissues in the knee joint. Pain is the main symptom associated with knee osteoarthritis. Recent clinical and pre-clinical studies have provided novel insights into the mechanisms that drive the pain associated with joint destruction. In this narrative review, we describe current knowledge regarding the changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems that occur during the progression of osteoarthritis and discuss how therapeutic interventions may provide pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phuong B. Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Alia Sondoqah
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Padmanabhan Raghu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard J. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Lurie 8-125, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Corresponding author Anne-Marie Malfait, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, , T: 312-563-2925, F: 312-563-2267
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Jiang YH, Jiang P, Yang JL, Ma DF, Lin HQ, Su WG, Wang Z, Li X. Cardiac Dysregulation and Myocardial Injury in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Rat Model of Sympathetic Denervation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133971. [PMID: 26230083 PMCID: PMC4521861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac sympathetic denervation is found in various cardiac pathologies; however, its relationship with myocardial injury has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Twenty-four rats were assigned to the normal control group (NC), sympathectomy control group (SC), and a sympathectomy plus mecobalamin group (SM). Sympathectomy was induced by injection of 6-OHDA, after which, the destruction and distribution of sympathetic and vagal nerve in the left ventricle (LV) myocardial tissue were determined by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Heart rate variability (HRV), ECG and echocardiography, and assays for myocardial enzymes in serum before and after sympathectomy were examined. Morphologic changes in the LV by HE staining and transmission electron microscope were used to estimate levels of myocardial injury and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were used to reflect the inflammatory reaction. RESULTS Injection of 6-OHDA decreased NE (933.1 ± 179 ng/L for SC vs. 3418.1± 443.6 ng/L for NC, P < 0.01) and increased NGF (479.4± 56.5 ng/mL for SC vs. 315.85 ± 28.6 ng/mL for NC, P < 0.01) concentrations. TH expression was reduced, while ChAT expression showed no change. Sympathectomy caused decreased HRV and abnormal ECG and echocardiography results, and histopathologic examinations showed myocardial injury and increased collagen deposition as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in the cardiac tissue of rats in the SC and SM groups. However, all pathologic changes in the SM group were less severe compared to those in the SC group. CONCLUSIONS Chemical sympathectomy with administration of 6-OHDA caused dysregulation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and myocardial injuries. Mecobalamin alleviated inflammatory and myocardial damage by protecting myocardial sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jin-long Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Du-Fang Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-ge Su
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Hoheisel U, Rosner J, Mense S. Innervation changes induced by inflammation of the rat thoracolumbar fascia. Neuroscience 2015; 300:351-9. [PMID: 26003735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the fascia innervation has become an important issue, particularly the existence of nociceptive fibers. Fascia can be a source of pain in several disorders such as fasciitis and non-specific low back pain. However, nothing is known about possible changes of the fascia innervation under pathological circumstances. This question is important, because theoretically pain from the fascia cannot only be due to increased nociceptor discharges, but also to a denser innervation of the fascia by nociceptive endings. In this histological study, an inflammation was induced in the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) of rats and the innervation by various fiber types compared between the inflamed and intact TLF. Although the TLF is generally considered to have proprioceptive functions, no corpuscular proprioceptors (Pacini and Ruffini corpuscles) were found. To obtain quantitative data, the length of fibers and free nerve endings were determined in the three layers of the rat TLF: inner layer (IL, adjacent to the multifidus muscle), middle layer (ML) and outer layer (OL). The main results were that the overall innervation density showed little change; however, there were significant changes in some of the layers. The innervation density was significantly decreased in the OL, but this change was partly compensated for by an increase in the IL. The density of substance P (SP)-positive - presumably nociceptive - fibers was significantly increased. In contrast, the postganglionic sympathetic fibers were significantly decreased. In conclusion, the inflamed TLF showed an increase of presumably nociceptive fibers, which may explain the pain from a pathologically altered fascia. The meaning of the decreased innervation by sympathetic fibers is obscure at present. The lack of proprioceptive corpuscular receptors within the TLF does not preclude its role as a proprioceptive structure, because some of the free nerve endings may function as proprioceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hoheisel
- Chair of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - J Rosner
- Chair of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Mense
- Chair of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Ruan HB, Dietrich MO, Liu ZW, Zimmer MR, Li MD, Singh JP, Zhang K, Yin R, Wu J, Horvath TL, Yang X. O-GlcNAc transferase enables AgRP neurons to suppress browning of white fat. Cell 2015; 159:306-17. [PMID: 25303527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Induction of beige cells causes the browning of white fat and improves energy metabolism. However, the central mechanism that controls adipose tissue browning and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that fasting and chemical-genetic activation of orexigenic AgRP neurons in the hypothalamus suppress the browning of white fat. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins regulates fundamental cellular processes. The levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc modification are enriched in AgRP neurons and are elevated by fasting. Genetic ablation of OGT in AgRP neurons inhibits neuronal excitability through the voltage-dependent potassium channel, promotes white adipose tissue browning, and protects mice against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. These data reveal adipose tissue browning as a highly dynamic physiological process under central control, in which O-GlcNAc signaling in AgRP neurons is essential for suppressing thermogenesis to conserve energy in response to fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Ruan
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 93042, Brazil
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marcelo R Zimmer
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 93042, Brazil
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jay Prakash Singh
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kaisi Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruonan Yin
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Hypothalamic differences in expression of genes involved in monoamine synthesis and signaling pathways after insulin injection in chickens from lines selected for high and low body weight. Neurogenetics 2015; 16:133-44. [PMID: 25582322 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term selection for juvenile body weight from a common founder population resulted in two divergent chicken lines (low-weight selected line (LWS), high-weight selected line (HWS)) that display distinct food intake and blood glucose responses to exogenous neuropeptides and insulin. The objective of this study was to elucidate putative targets affecting food intake and energy homeostasis by sequencing hypothalamic RNA from LWS and HWS chickens after insulin injection. Ninety-day-old female LWS and HWS chickens were injected with either vehicle or insulin and hypothalamus collected at 1 h postinjection. Through RNA sequencing, a total of 361 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. There was greater expression of genes, mainly tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (DDC), and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), involved in serotonin and dopamine biosynthesis and signaling in LWS than in HWS vehicle-injected chickens. In contrast, after insulin injection, these genes were more highly expressed in HWS than in LWS. We identified 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) existing only in the HWS and 121 SNPs specific to LWS and 5119 SNPs close to fixation (with absolute frequency difference ≥0.9). Four were located in genes encoding enzymes associated with serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways, such as DDC, TH, and solute carrier family 18, member 2 (VMAT). These data implicate differences in biogenic amines such as serotonin and dopamine in hypothalamic physiology between the chicken lines, and these differences might be associated with polymorphisms during long-term selection. Changes in serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling pathways in response to insulin injection suggest a role in whole-body energy homeostasis.
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Silva Jr. SD, Zampieri TT, Ruggeri A, Ceroni A, Aragão DS, Fernandes FB, Casarini DE, Michelini LC. Downregulation of the Vascular Renin-Angiotensin System by Aerobic Training – Focus on the Balance Between Vasoconstrictor and Vasodilator Axes –. Circ J 2015; 79:1372-80. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião D. Silva Jr.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo
| | - Thais T. Zampieri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo
| | - Adriana Ruggeri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo
| | - Alexandre Ceroni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo
| | | | | | | | - Lisete C. Michelini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo
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Li H, Jia J, Xiao Y, Kang L, Cui H. Anatomical basis of female pelvic cavity for nerve sparing radical hysterectomy. Surg Radiol Anat 2014; 37:657-65. [PMID: 25533026 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-014-1405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The separation and sparing of the vesical branch of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP), to preserve the pelvic autonomic nerve, is critical and difficult in nerve sparing radical hysterectomy. Pelvic local anatomy was performed to provide the necessary anatomical information. METHODS Precise pelvic anatomy was performed in 15 adult corpses, and immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on the parametrial tissues of three fresh cadavers to analyze the nerve fiber type and content of the vesical branch of the IHP. RESULTS The deep uterine vein is located in the upper region of the cardinal ligament (CL), with three to six multiple branches and anatomical variation, including one or two cervical branches, and two to four vesical branches. Three branches were found to be most common (63.3 %). The major distribution of the vesical branch of the IHP is dorsomedial to the middle and inferior vesical veins, with less ventral and lateral distribution. There are more sympathetic fibers than parasympathetic fibers in the vesical branch. There is a region rare of vasculature and nerve between the vaginal lateral margin and the vesical branch. CONCLUSION The deep uterine vein is suggested as an anatomical landmark during surgery, to process the CL and preserve the pelvic splanchnic nerves. The middle and inferior vesical veins can be used as the landmark to preserve the vesical branch of the IHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Silva FH, Lanaro C, Leiria LO, Rodrigues RL, Davel AP, Claudino MA, Toque HA, Antunes E. Oxidative stress associated with middle aging leads to sympathetic hyperactivity and downregulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase in corpus cavernosum. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1393-400. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00708.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cavernosal relaxations in middle age contributes to erectile dysfunction. However, little information is available about the alterations of sympathetic neurotransmission and contraction in erectile tissue at middle age. This study aimed to evaluate the alterations of the contractile machinery associated with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in rat corpus cavernosum (RCC) at middle age, focusing on the role of superoxide anion. Male Wistar young (3.5-mo) and middle-aged (10-mo) rats were used. Electrical-field stimulation (EFS)- and phenylephrine-induced contractions were obtained in RCC strips. Levels of reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and TH mRNA expression, as well as protein expressions for α1/β1-subunits of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), in RCC were evaluated. The neurogenic contractile responses elicited by EFS (4–32 Hz) were greater in RCC from the middle-aged group that was accompanied by elevated TH mRNA expression ( P < 0.01). Phenylephrine-induced contractions were also greater in the middle-aged group. A 62% increase in ROS generation in RCC from middle-aged rats was observed. The mRNA expression for the α1A-adrenoceptor remained unchanged among groups. Protein levels of α1/β1-sGC subunits were decreased in RCC from the middle-aged compared with young group. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (85 mg·rat−1·day−1, 4 wk) fully restored the enhanced ROS production, TH mRNA expressions, and α1/β1-subunit sGC expression, indicating that excess of superoxide anion plays a major role in the sympathetic hyperactivity and hypercontractility in erectile tissue at middle age. Reduction of oxidative stress by dietary antioxidants may be an interesting approach to treat erectile dysfunction in aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio H. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Carolina Lanaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Luiz Osório Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Renata Lopes Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Ana Paula Davel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Mário A. Claudino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Haroldo A. Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
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Methodological standardization for the pre-clinical evaluation of renal sympathetic denervation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7:1184-93. [PMID: 25240550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcatheter ablation of renal autonomic nerves is a viable option for the treatment of resistant arterial hypertension; however, structured pre-clinical evaluation with standardization of analytical procedures remains a clear gap in this field. Here we discuss the topics relevant to the pre-clinical model for the evaluation of renal denervation (RDN) devices and report methodologies and criteria toward standardization of the safety and efficacy assessment, including histopathological evaluations of the renal artery, periarterial nerves, and associated periadventitial tissues. The pre-clinical swine renal artery model can be used effectively to assess both the safety and efficacy of RDN technologies. Assessment of the efficacy of RDN modalities primarily focuses on the determination of the depth of penetration of treatment-related injury (e.g., necrosis) of the periarterial tissues and its relationship (i.e., location and distance) and the effect on the associated renal nerves and the correlation thereof with proxy biomarkers including renal norepinephrine concentrations and nerve-specific immunohistochemical stains (e.g., tyrosine hydroxylase). The safety evaluation of RDN technologies involves assessing for adverse effects on tissues local to the site of treatment (i.e., on the arterial wall) as well as tissues at a distance (e.g., soft tissue, veins, arterial branches, skeletal muscle, adrenal gland, ureters). Increasing experience will help to create a standardized means of examining all arterial beds subject to ablative energy and in doing so enable us to proceed to optimize the development and assessment of these emerging technologies.
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Li X, Jiang YH, Jiang P, Yang JL, Ma DF, Yang CH. Effect of Guizhi Decoction ([symbols; see text]) on heart rate variability and regulation of cardiac autonomic nervous imbalance in diabetes mellitus rats. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:524-33. [PMID: 24972580 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe abnormalities in heart rate variability (HRV) in diabetic rats and to explore the effects of treatment with Guizhi Decoction ([symbols; see text]) on cardiac autonomic nervous (CAN) imbalance. METHODS A radio-telemetry system for monitoring physiological parameters was implanted into rats to record electrocardiac signals and all indictors of HRV [time domain measures: standard deviation of all RR intervals in 24 h (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), percentage of differences between adjacent RR intervals greater than 50 ms (PNN50), and standard deviation of the averages of RR intervals (SDANN); frequency domain measures: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), total power (TP), and LF/HF ratio]. The normal group was randomly selected, and the remaining rats were used to establish streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model. After 4 weeks, the model rats were divided into the model group, the methycobal group, and the Guizhi Decoction group, 9 rats in each group. Four weeks after intragastric administration of the corresponding drugs, the right atria of the rats were collected for immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) to observe the distribution of the sympathetic and vagus nerves in the right atrium. The myocardial homogenate from the interventricular septum and the left ventricle was used for determination of TH, CHAT, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), nerve growth factor (NGF), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS (1) STZ rats had elevated blood glucose levels, reduced body weight, and decreased heart rate; there was no difference between the model group and the drug treated groups. (2) Compared with the model group, only RMSSD and TP increased in the methycobal group significantly (P<0.05); SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50, LF, HF, and TP increased, LF/HF decreased (P<0.05), and SDANN just showed a decreasing trend in the Guizhi Decoction group (P>0.05). TH increased, CHAT decreased, and TH/CHAT increased in the myocardial homogenate of the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, left ventricular TH reduced in the methycobal group; and in the Guizhi Decoction group CHAT increased, while TH and TH/CHAT decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, CNTF in the interventricular septum increased in the methycobal group (P<0.05); GAP-43 increased, NGF decreased, and CNTF increased (P<0.05) in the Guizhi Decoction group. There were significant differences in the reduction of NGF and elevation of CNTF between the Guizhi Decoction group and the methycobal group (P<0.05). (3) Immunohistochemical results showed that TH expression significantly increased and CHAT expression significantly decreased in the myocardia of the model group, whereas TH expression decreased and CHAT expression increased in the Guizhi Decoction group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Guizhi Decoction was effective in improving the function of the vagus nerve, and it could alleviate autonomic nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
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Wang S, Lu X, Yang J, Wang H, Chen C, Han Y, Ren H, Zheng S, He D, Zhou L, Asico LD, Wang WE, Jose PA, Zeng C. Regulation of renalase expression by D5 dopamine receptors in rat renal proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F588-96. [PMID: 24500688 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00196.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic and sympathetic systems interact to regulate blood pressure. Our previous studies showed regulation of α1-adrenergic receptor function by D1-like dopamine receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Because renalase could regulate circulating epinephrine levels and dopamine production in renal proximal tubules (RPTs), we tested the hypothesis that D1-like receptors regulate renalase expression in kidney. The effect of D1-like receptor stimulation on renalase expression and function was measured in immortalized RPT cells from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We found that the D1-like receptor agonist fenoldopam (10(-7)-10(-5) mol/l) increased renalase protein expression and function in WKY RPT cells but decreased them in SHR cells. Fenoldopam also increased renalase mRNA levels in WKY but not in SHR cells. In contrast, fenoldopam increased the degradation of renalase protein in SHR cells but not in WKY cells. The regulation of renalase by the D1-like receptor was mainly via the D5 receptor because silencing of the D5 but not D1 receptor by antisense oligonucleotides blocked the stimulatory effect of the D1-like receptor on renalase expression in WKY cells. Moreover, inhibition of PKC, by the PKC inhibitor 19-31, blocked the stimulatory effect of fenoldopam on renalase expression while stimulation of PKC, by a PKC agonist (PMA), increased renalase expression, indicating that PKC is involved in the process. Our studies suggest that the D5 receptor positively regulates renalase expression in WKY but not SHR RPT cells; aberrant regulation of renalase by the D5 receptor may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Wang
- Dept. of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical Univ., Chongqing, P.R. China.
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Chen C, Huang L, Liu P, Su G, Li W, Lu L, Wang L, Li X, Duan H, Zou C, Hatch K. Neurovascular quantitative study of the uterosacral ligament related to nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 172:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Drobysheva A, Ahmad M, White R, Wang HW, Leenen FHH. Cardiac sympathetic innervation and PGP9.5 expression by cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction: effects of central MR blockade. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1817-29. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00445.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Central mechanisms involving mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation contribute to an increase in sympathetic tone after myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that this central mechanism also contributes to cardiac sympathetic axonal sprouting and that central MR blockade reduces cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation post-MI. Post-MI, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and norepinephrine transporter protein content in the noninfarcted base of the heart remained unaltered. In contrast, protein gene product (PGP)9.5 protein was increased twofold in the base of the heart and sixfold in the peri-infarct area at 1 wk post-MI and was associated with increased ubiquitin expression. These changes persisted to a lesser extent at 4 wk post-MI and were no longer present at 12 wk. Cardiac myocytes rather than sympathetic axons were the main source of this elevated PGP9.5 expression. At 7–10 days post-MI, in the peri-infarct area, sympathetic hyperinnervation was observed with a fourfold increase in growth-associated protein 43, a twofold increase in TH, and a 50% increase in PGP9.5-positive fibers compared with the epicardial side of the left ventricle in sham rats. Central infusion of the MR blocker eplerenone markedly attenuated these increases in nerve densities but did not affect overall cardiac PGP9.5 and ubiquitin protein overexpression. We conclude that central MR activation contributes to sympathetic hyperinnervation, possibly by decreasing cardiac sympathetic activity post-MI, or by affecting other mechanisms, such as the expression of nerve growth factor. Marked PGP9.5 expression occurs in cardiomyocytes early post-MI, which may contribute to the increase in ubiquitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Drobysheva
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monir Ahmad
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roselyn White
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frans H. H. Leenen
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Jackson KL, Marques FZ, Watson AMD, Palma-Rigo K, Nguyen-Huu TP, Morris BJ, Charchar FJ, Davern PJ, Head GA. A novel interaction between sympathetic overactivity and aberrant regulation of renin by miR-181a in BPH/2J genetically hypertensive mice. Hypertension 2013; 62:775-81. [PMID: 23897069 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically hypertensive mice (BPH/2J) are hypertensive because of an exaggerated contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to blood pressure. We hypothesize that an additional contribution to elevated blood pressure is via sympathetically mediated activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. Our aim was to determine the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system to hypertension in BPH/2J mice. BPH/2J and normotensive BPN/3J mice were preimplanted with radiotelemetry devices to measure blood pressure. Depressor responses to ganglion blocker pentolinium (5 mg/kg i.p.) in mice pretreated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) revealed a 2-fold greater sympathetic contribution to blood pressure in BPH/2J mice during the active and inactive period. However, the depressor response to enalaprilat was 4-fold greater in BPH/2J compared with BPN/3J mice, but only during the active period (P=0.01). This was associated with 1.6-fold higher renal renin messenger RNA (mRNA; P=0.02) and 0.8-fold lower abundance of micro-RNA-181a (P=0.03), identified previously as regulating human renin mRNA. Renin mRNA levels correlated positively with depressor responses to pentolinium (r=0.99; P=0.001), and BPH/2J mice had greater renal sympathetic innervation density as identified by tyrosine hydroxylase staining of cortical tubules. Although there is a major sympathetic contribution to hypertension in BPH/2J mice, the renin-angiotensin system also contributes, doing so to a greater extent during the active period and less during the inactive period. This is the opposite of the normal renin-angiotensin system circadian pattern. We suggest that renal hyperinnervation and enhanced sympathetically induced renin synthesis mediated by lower micro-RNA-181a contributes to hypertension in BPH/2J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, P.O. Box 6492, St Kilda Rd Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia.
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Mueller PJ, Mischel NA. Selective enhancement of glutamate-mediated pressor responses after GABA(A) receptor blockade in the RVLM of sedentary versus spontaneous wheel running rats. Front Physiol 2012; 3:447. [PMID: 23189062 PMCID: PMC3505845 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a hallmark of many cardiovascular diseases. It is also well-known that physical inactivity independently contributes to cardiovascular diseases, likely in part via increased SNS activity. Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated increased SNS responses in sedentary animals following either direct activation or disinhibition of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), an integral cardiovascular brainstem region. These data led us to hypothesize that the interaction between excitation and inhibition of the RVLM is altered in sedentary versus physically active animals. To test this hypothesis, we recorded mean arterial pressure (MAP) and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) in Inactin anesthetized rats that were housed for 8-12 weeks with or without access to a running wheel. Pressor responses to direct activation of the RVLM with glutamate were similar between groups under intact conditions. However, blockade of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptors with bicuculline selectively enhanced pressor responses to glutamate in sedentary animals. Interestingly, LSNA responses to glutamate were not enhanced in sedentary versus active animals in the presence or absence of tonic GABAergic tone. These results suggest that sedentary compared to active conditions enhance GABAergic inhibition of glutamate-sensitive neurons in the RVLM that are involved in blood pressure regulation, and by mechanisms that do not involve LSNA. We also speculate that regular physical activity has differential effects on SNS activity to specific vascular beds and may reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases via changes occurring in the RVLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Mueller
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, MI, USA
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JIANG WEIHONG, GUO YUNZHONG, TAN LIHUA, TANG XIAOHONG, YANG QIONG, YANG KAN. Impact of renal denervation on renalase expression in adult rats with spontaneous hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:493-496. [PMID: 23181124 PMCID: PMC3503747 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of renal denervation on the blood pressure, plasma renalase content and expression of renalase and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the kidney of spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rats and to explore the mechanism of renal denervation involved in lowering blood pressure. SH rats (n=48) were randomly assigned to baseline, surgery (renal denervation), sham and control groups. WKY rats matched in age (n=12) served as the baseline control group. All rats were housed until they were 12 weeks old. The rats in the baseline group and the WKY group rats were sacrificed, and blood and kidney were collected for examination. In the renal denervation, sham and control groups, the blood pressure was continuously monitored. One and six weeks after renal denervation, 6 rats in each group were sacrificed, and blood and kidney were collected for examination. ELISA was employed to measure the plasma renalase, and western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of TH and renalase in the kidney. Compared with the WKY rats, SH rats in the baseline group had significantly increased blood pressure and markedly elevated TH protein expression (P<0.05), but dramatically reduced plasma renalase content and protein expression of renalase in the kidney (P<0.05). One week after surgery, the mean arterial pressure and TH protein expression in the surgery group was lowered compared with the baseline group and dramatically reduced when compared with the sham and control groups (P<0.05). In the surgery group, renalase levels were markedly increased compared with the baseline, sham and control groups (P<0.05). Six weeks after renal denervation, the mean arterial pressure and TH levels in the surgery group were significantly increased while the renalase content and expression were markedly reduced compared with those at week 1, however, there were no marked differences among the surgery, sham and control groups (P>0.05). Moreover, no pronounced differences in the above variables were found between the sham and control groups at any timepoint (P>0.05). Renal denervation can lower blood pressure, which may be attributed to the suppression of sympathetic nerves, increase in plasma renalase content and renalase expression in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEIHONG JIANG
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013,
P.R. China
| | - YUNZHONG GUO
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013,
P.R. China
| | - LIHUA TAN
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013,
P.R. China
| | - XIAOHONG TANG
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013,
P.R. China
| | - QIONG YANG
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013,
P.R. China
| | - KAN YANG
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013,
P.R. China
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Classical and nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy: An evaluation of the nerve trauma in cardinal ligament. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 125:245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vaughan CH, Bartness TJ. Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from brown fat and sensory denervation alters its thermogenic responses. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R1049-58. [PMID: 22378771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00640.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity and growth are controlled by its sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation, but nerve fibers containing sensory-associated neuropeptides [substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)] also suggest sensory innervation. The central nervous system (CNS) projections of BAT afferents are unknown. Therefore, we used the H129 strain of the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), an anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracer used to delineate sensory nerve circuits, to define these projections. HSV-1 was injected into interscapular BAT (IBAT) of Siberian hamsters and HSV-1 immunoreactivity (ir) was assessed 24, 48, 72, 96, and 114 h postinjection. The 96- and 114-h groups had the most HSV-1-ir neurons with marked infections in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, periaqueductal gray, olivary areas, parabrachial nuclei, raphe nuclei, and reticular areas. These sites also are involved in sympathetic outflow to BAT suggesting possible BAT sensory-SNS thermogenesis feedback circuits. We tested the functional contribution of IBAT sensory innervation on thermogenic responses to an acute (24 h) cold exposure test by injecting the specific sensory nerve toxin capsaicin directly into IBAT pads and then measuring core (T(c)) and IBAT (T(IBAT)) temperature responses. CGRP content was significantly decreased in capsaicin-treated IBAT demonstrating successful sensory nerve destruction. T(IBAT) and T(c) were significantly decreased in capsaicin-treated hamsters compared with the saline controls at 2 h of cold exposure. Thus the central sensory circuits from IBAT have been delineated for the first time, and impairment of sensory feedback from BAT appears necessary for the appropriate, initial thermogenic response to acute cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl H Vaughan
- Dept. of Biology, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA
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Vieira-Coelho MA, Moura E. Effect of Clonidine on Renal Sodium Handling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:122-30. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12058fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Mischel NA, Mueller PJ. (In)activity-dependent alterations in resting and reflex control of splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:1854-62. [PMID: 21979802 PMCID: PMC3233897 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00961.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative effects of sympathetic overactivity on long-term cardiovascular health are becoming increasingly clear. Moreover, recent work done in animal models of cardiovascular disease suggests that sympathetic tone to the splanchnic vasculature may play an important role in the development and maintenance of these disease states. Work from our laboratory and others led us to hypothesize that a lack of chronic physical activity increases resting and reflex-mediated splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity, possibly through changes occurring in a key brain stem center involved in sympathetic regulation, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). To address this hypothesis, we recorded mean arterial pressure (MAP) and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) in a group of active and sedentary animals that had been housed for 10-13 wk with or without running wheels, respectively. In experiments performed under Inactin anesthesia, we tested responses to RVLM microinjections of glutamate, responses to baroreceptor unloading, and vascular reactivity, the latter of which was performed under conditions of autonomic blockade. Sedentary animals exhibited enhanced resting SSNA and MAP, augmented increases in SSNA to RVLM activation and baroreceptor unloading, and enhanced vascular reactivity to α(1)-receptor mediated vasoconstriction. Our results suggest that a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by augmenting resting and reflex-mediated sympathetic output to the splanchnic circulation and also by increasing vascular sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation. We speculate that regular physical exercise offsets or reverses the progression of these disease processes via similar or disparate mechanisms and warrant further examination into physical (in)activity-induced sympathetic nervous system plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Mischel
- Dept. of Physiology, Wayne State Univ. School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
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Weinman EJ, Biswas R, Steplock D, Wang P, Lau YS, Desir GV, Shenolikar S. Increased renal dopamine and acute renal adaptation to a high-phosphate diet. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1123-9. [PMID: 21325500 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00744.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current experiments explore the role of dopamine in facilitating the acute increase in renal phosphate excretion in response to a high-phosphate diet. Compared with a low-phosphate (0.1%) diet for 24 h, mice fed a high-phosphate (1.2%) diet had significantly higher rates of phosphate excretion in the urine associated with a two- to threefold increase in the dopamine content of the kidney and in the urinary excretion of dopamine. Animals fed a high-phosphate diet had a significant increase in the abundance and activity of renal DOPA (l-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase and significant reductions in renalase, monoamine oxidase A, and monoamine oxidase B. The activity of protein kinase A and protein kinase C, markers of activation of renal dopamine receptors, were significantly higher in animals fed a high-phosphate vs. a low-phosphate diet. Treatment of rats with carbidopa, an inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase, impaired adaptation to a high-phosphate diet. These experiments indicate that the rapid adaptation to a high-phosphate diet involves alterations in key enzymes involved in dopamine synthesis and degradation, resulting in increased renal dopamine content and activation of the signaling cascade used by dopamine to inhibit the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Weinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
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