1
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Sanganalmath SK, Dubey S, Veeranki S, Narisetty K, Krishnamurthy P. The interplay of inflammation, exosomes and Ca 2+ dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 36804872 PMCID: PMC9942322 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the prime risk factors for cardiovascular complications and is linked with high morbidity and mortality. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) often manifests as reduced cardiac contractility, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure. Inflammation, changes in calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiomyocyte loss are often implicated in the development and progression of DCM. Although the existence of DCM was established nearly four decades ago, the exact mechanisms underlying this disease pathophysiology is constantly evolving. Furthermore, the complex pathophysiology of DCM is linked with exosomes, which has recently shown to facilitate intercellular (cell-to-cell) communication through biomolecules such as micro RNA (miRNA), proteins, enzymes, cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines, and lipids. Inflammatory response and Ca2+ signaling are interrelated and DCM has been known to adversely affect many of these signaling molecules either qualitatively and/or quantitatively. In this literature review, we have demonstrated that Ca2+ regulators are tightly controlled at different molecular and cellular levels during various biological processes in the heart. Inflammatory mediators, miRNA and exosomes are shown to interact with these regulators, however how these mediators are linked to Ca2+ handling during DCM pathogenesis remains elusive. Thus, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms to restore cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and function, and to serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sanganalmath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA.
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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2
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Xu R, Fu J, Hu Y, Yang X, Tao X, Chen L, Huang K, Fu Q. Roflumilast-Mediated Phosphodiesterase 4D Inhibition Reverses Diabetes-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling: Effects Beyond Glucose Lowering. Diabetes 2022; 71:1660-1678. [PMID: 35594380 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes have a substantial risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) dysregulation is of pathophysiological importance in metabolic disorders. For determination of the role of PDE4 in diabetic cardiac dysfunction, mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated by pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 or cardiac specific knocking down of PDE4D. Mice on HFD developed diabetes and cardiac dysfunction with increased cardiac PDE4D5 expression. PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast can reverse hyperglycemia and cardiac dysfunction, accompanied by the decrease of PDE4D expression and increase of muscle specific miRNA miR-1 level in hearts. Either cardiac specific PDE4D knockdown or miR-1 overexpression significantly reversed cardiac dysfunction in HFD mice, despite persistence of hyperglycemia. Findings of gain- and loss-of-function studies of PDE4D in cardiomyocytes indicated that inhibition of insulin-induced PDE4D protected cardiac hypertrophy by preserving miR-1 expression in cardiomyocytes through promoting cAMP-CREB-Sirt1 signaling-induced SERCA2a expression. We further revealed that insulin also induced PDE4D expression in cardiac fibroblasts, which causes cardiac fibrosis through TGF-β1 signaling-mediated miR-1 reduction. Importantly, the expression of PDE4D5 was increased in human failing hearts of individuals with diabetes. These studies elucidate a novel mechanism by which hyperinsulinemia-induced cardiac PDE4D expression contributes to diabetic cardiac remodeling through reducing the expression of miR-1 and upregulation of miR-1 target hypertrophy and fibrosis-associated genes. Our study suggests a therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in preventing or treating cardiac dysfunction in diabetes in addition to lowering glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Chen
- Clinical Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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3
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Koh JH, Kim YW, Seo DY, Sohn TS. Mitochondrial TFAM as a Signaling Regulator between Cellular Organelles: A Perspective on Metabolic Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:853-865. [PMID: 34847642 PMCID: PMC8640147 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues actively involved in energy metabolism are more likely to face metabolic challenges from bioenergetic substrates and are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to metabolic diseases. The mitochondria receive signals regarding the metabolic states in cells and transmit them to the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using calcium (Ca2+) for appropriate responses. Overflux of Ca2+ in the mitochondria or dysregulation of the signaling to the nucleus and ER could increase the incidence of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) may regulate Ca2+ flux via changing the mitochondrial membrane potential and signals to other organelles such as the nucleus and ER. Since Tfam is involved in metabolic function in the mitochondria, here, we discuss the contribution of Tfam in coordinating mitochondria-ER activities for Ca2+ flux and describe the mechanisms by which Tfam affects mitochondrial Ca2+ flux in response to metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Koh
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Jin-Ho Koh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-4399 Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchungro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea E-mail:
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Yun Seo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Seo Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Tae-Seo Shon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3290 Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea E-mail:
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4
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Alaeddine LM, Harb F, Hamza M, Dia B, Mogharbil N, Azar NS, Noureldein MH, El Khoury M, Sabra R, Eid AA. Pharmacological regulation of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid attenuates cardiac injury in diabetic rats. Transl Res 2021; 235:85-101. [PMID: 33746109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a well-established complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. DCM is diagnosed at advanced and irreversible stages. Therefore, it is of utmost need to identify novel mechanistic pathways involved at early stages to prevent or reverse the development of DCM. In vivo experiments were performed on type 1 diabetic rats (T1DM). Functional and structural studies of the heart were executed and correlated with mechanistic assessments exploring the role of cytochromes P450 metabolites, the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and their crosstalk with other homeostatic signaling molecules. Our data displays that hyperglycemia results in CYP4A upregulation and CYP2C11 downregulation in the left ventricles (LV) of T1DM rats, paralleled by a differential alteration in their metabolites 20-HETEs (increased) and EETs (decreased). These changes are concomitant with reductions in cardiac outputs, LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased activation of cardiac fetal and hypertrophic genes. Besides, pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-ß overexpression and NADPH (Nox4) dependent-ROS overproduction are also correlated with the observed cardiac functional and structural modifications. Of interest, these observations are attenuated when T1DM rats are treated with 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA), which blocks EETs metabolism, or N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenol)Formamidine (HET0016), which inhibits 20-HETEs formation. Taken together, our findings confer pioneering evidence about a potential interplay between CYP450-derived metabolites and Nox4/TGF-β axis leading to DCM. Pharmacologic interventions targeting the inhibition of 20-HETEs synthesis or the activation of EETs synthesis may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Alaeddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Maysaa Hamza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mogharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirella El Khoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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5
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Roudsari PP, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Biglar M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Arjmand B, Larijani B. Diabetes and Heart Failure: Multi-Omics Approaches. Front Physiol 2021; 12:705424. [PMID: 34421642 PMCID: PMC8378451 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.705424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and heart failure, as important global issues, cause substantial expenses to countries and medical systems because of the morbidity and mortality rates. Most people with diabetes suffer from type 2 diabetes, which has an amplifying effect on the prevalence and severity of many health problems such as stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, kidney injuries, and cardiovascular disease. Type 2 diabetes is one of the cornerstones of heart failure, another health epidemic, with 44% prevalence. Therefore, finding and targeting specific molecular and cellular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of each disease, either in diagnosis or treatment, will be beneficial. For diabetic cardiomyopathy, there are several mechanisms through which clinical heart failure is developed; oxidative stress with mediation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced myocardial perfusion due to endothelial dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, and metabolic changes, such as impaired glucose levels caused by insulin resistance, are the four main mechanisms. In the field of oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) are the key mediators that new omics-driven methods can target. Besides, diabetes can affect myocardial function by impairing calcium (Ca) homeostasis, the mechanism in which reduced protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), and phosphorylated SERCA2a expressions are the main effectors. This article reviewed the recent omics-driven discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and heart failure with focus on the common molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Uryash A, Mijares A, Flores V, Adams JA, Lopez JR. Effects of Naringin on Cardiomyocytes From a Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719268. [PMID: 34497520 PMCID: PMC8419284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary disease in diabetic patients characterized by diastolic dysfunction leading to heart failure and death. Unfortunately, even tight glycemic control has not been effective in its prevention. We have found aberrant diastolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]d), decreased glucose transport, elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased calpain activity in cardiomyocytes from a murine model (db/db) of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cardiomyocytes from these mice demonstrate significant cell injury, increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 and expression of the transcription nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, decreased cell viability, and reduced expression of Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Treatment of T2D mice with the citrus fruit flavonoid naringin for 4 weeks protected cardiomyocytes by reducing diastolic Ca2+ overload, improving glucose transport, lowering reactive oxygen species production, and suppressed myocardial inflammation. In addition, naringin reduced calpain activity, decreased cardiac injury, increased cell viability, and restored the protein expression of Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits of the KATP channels. Administration of the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide caused a further increase in [Ca2+]d in T2D cardiomyocytes and abolished the naringin effect on [Ca2+]d. Nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, and nitric oxide donor drug mimic the naringin effect on [Ca2+]d in T2D cardiomyocyte; however, it aggravated the hyperglycemia in T2D mice. These data add new insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of naringin in T2D cardiomyopathy, thus suggesting a novel approach to treating this cardiovascular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Uryash
- Department of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - A. Mijares
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - V. Flores
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - J. A. Adams
- Department of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - J. R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
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7
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Nikolic M, Zivkovic V, Jovic JJ, Sretenovic J, Davidovic G, Simovic S, Djokovic D, Muric N, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V. SGLT2 inhibitors: a focus on cardiac benefits and potential mechanisms. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:935-949. [PMID: 33534040 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper highlights the cardioprotective potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SLGT2i), as well as several most discussed mechanisms responsible for their cardioprotection. Cardiovascular diseases are considered a primary cause of death in nearly 80% of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with a 2-4-fold greater incidence of heart failure (HF) among diabetics. As novel hypoglycemics, SGLT2i showed exceptional cardiovascular benefits, reflected through robust reductions of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for HF in T2DM patients. Recently, those effects have been reported even in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction irrespectively of diabetic status, suggesting that cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i are driven independently of their hypoglycemic actions. SGLT2i exerted hemodynamic and metabolic effects, partially driven by natriuresis and osmotic diuresis. However, those systemic effects are modest, and therefore cannot be completely related to the cardiac benefits of these agents in T2DM patients. Hence, increased circulating ketone levels during SGLT2i administration have brought out another hypothesis of a cardiac metabolic switch. Moreover, SGLT2i influence ion homeostasis and exert anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Their enviable influence on oxidative stress markers, as well as anti- and pro-apoptotic factors, have also been reported. However, since the main mechanistical contributor of their cardioprotection has not been elucidated yet, a joint action of systemic and molecular mechanisms has been suggested. In the light of ongoing trials evaluating the effects of SGLT2i in patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction, a new chapter of beneficial SGLT2i mechanisms is expected, which might resolve their main underlying action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Joksimovic Jovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Sretenovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Goran Davidovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefan Simovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djokovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Muric
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia.
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8
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Hamstra SI, Whitley KC, Baranowski RW, Kurgan N, Braun JL, Messner HN, Fajardo VA. The role of phospholamban and GSK3 in regulating rodent cardiac SERCA function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C694-C699. [PMID: 32755452 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00318.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac contractile function is largely mediated by the regulation of Ca2+ cycling throughout the lifespan. The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump is paramount to cardiac Ca2+ regulation, and it is well established that SERCA dysfunction pathologically contributes to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Phospholamban (PLN) is a well-known inhibitor of the SERCA pump and its regulation of SERCA2a-the predominant cardiac SERCA isoform-contributes significantly to proper cardiac function. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in several metabolic pathways, and we and others have shown that it regulates SERCA function. In this mini-review, we highlight the underlying mechanisms behind GSK3's regulation of SERCA function specifically discussing changes in SERCA2a and PLN expression and its potential protection against oxidative stress. Ultimately, these recent findings that we discuss could have clinical implications in the treatment and prevention of cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kennedy C Whitley
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan W Baranowski
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holt N Messner
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Hamstra SI, Kurgan N, Baranowski RW, Qiu L, Watson CJF, Messner HN, MacPherson REK, MacNeil AJ, Roy BD, Fajardo VA. Low-dose lithium feeding increases the SERCA2a-to-phospholamban ratio, improving SERCA function in murine left ventricles. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:666-675. [PMID: 32087034 DOI: 10.1113/ep088061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) has been shown to improve cardiac SERCA2a function. Lithium can inhibit GSK3, but therapeutic doses used in treating bipolar disorder can have toxic effects. It has not been determined whether subtherapeutic doses of lithium can improve cardiac SERCA function. What is the main finding and its importance? Using left ventricles from wild-type mice, we found that subtherapeutic lithium feeding for 6 weeks decreased GSK3 activity and increased cardiac SERCA function compared with control-fed mice. These findings warrant the investigation of low-dose lithium feeding in preclinical models of cardiomyopathy and heart failure to determine the therapeutic benefit of GSK3 inhibition. ABSTRACT The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pump is responsible for regulating calcium (Ca2+ ) within myocytes, with SERCA2a being the dominant isoform in cardiomyocytes. Its inhibitor, phospholamban (PLN), acts by decreasing the affinity of SERCA for Ca2+ . Changes in the SERCA2a:PLN ratio can cause Ca2+ dysregulation often seen in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is known to downregulate SERCA function by decreasing the SERCA2a:PLN ratio. In this study, we sought to determine whether feeding mice low-dose lithium, a natural GSK3 inhibitor, would improve left ventricular SERCA function by altering the SERCA2a:PLN ratio. To this end, male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed low-dose lithium via drinking water (10 mg kg-1 day-1 LiCl for 6 weeks) and left ventricles were harvested. GSK3 activity was significantly reduced in LiCl-fed versus control-fed mice. The apparent affinity of SERCA for Ca2+ was also increased (pCa50 ; control, 6.09 ± 0.03 versus LiCl, 6.26 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001) along with a 2.0-fold increase in SERCA2a:PLN ratio in LiCl-fed versus control-fed mice. These findings suggest that low-dose lithium supplementation can improve SERCA function by increasing the SERCA2a:PLN ratio. Future studies in murine preclinical models will determine whether GSK3 inhibition via low-dose lithium could be a potential therapeutic strategy for dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ryan W Baranowski
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Liqun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Holt N Messner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Brian D Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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10
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Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246284. [PMID: 31842522 PMCID: PMC6940726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and renal comorbidities. Among these, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the most severe symptoms and is considered to be a major health problem worldwide. Exercise is widely known as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Importantly, the onset of complications arising due to diabetes can be delayed or even prevented by exercise. Regular exercise is reported to have positive effects on diabetes mellitus and the development of DCM. The protective effects of exercise include prevention of cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and microvascular diseases, as well as improvement in cardiac mitochondrial function and calcium regulation. This review summarizes the recent scientific findings to describe the potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent DCM and heart failure.
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11
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Nikolajević Starčević J, Janić M, Šabovič M. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Diastolic Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051197. [PMID: 30857271 PMCID: PMC6429211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetic patients, cardiomyopathy is an important cause of heart failure, but its pathophysiology has not been completely understood thus far. Myocardial hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction have been considered the hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), while systolic function is affected in the latter stages of the disease. In this article we propose the potential pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for myocardial hypertrophy and increased myocardial stiffness leading to diastolic dysfunction in this specific entity. According to our model, increased myocardial stiffness results from both cellular and extracellular matrix stiffness as well as cell–matrix interactions. Increased intrinsic cardiomyocyte stiffness is probably the most important contributor to myocardial stiffness. It results from the impairment in cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton. Several other mechanisms, specifically affected by diabetes, seem to also be significantly involved in myocardial stiffening, i.e., impairment in the myocardial nitric oxide (NO) pathway, coronary microvascular dysfunction, increased inflammation and oxidative stress, and myocardial sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2)-mediated effects. Better understanding of the complex pathophysiology of DCM suggests the possible value of drugs targeting the listed mechanisms. Antidiabetic drugs, NO-stimulating agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and SGLT-2 inhibitors are emerging as potential treatment options for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Nikolajević Starčević
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miodrag Janić
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Song J, Yang R, Yang J, Zhou L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Arrhythmogenic Substrates in Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1670. [PMID: 30574091 PMCID: PMC6291470 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. While the detailed mechanisms remain incompletely understood, the loss of mitochondrial function, which is often observed in the heart of patients with diabetes, has emerged as a key contributor to the arrhythmogenic substrates. In this mini review, the pathophysiology of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus is explored in detail, followed by descriptions of several mechanisms potentially linking mitochondria to arrhythmogenesis in the context of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ruilin Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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13
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Riehle C, Bauersachs J. Of mice and men: models and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 114:2. [PMID: 30443826 PMCID: PMC6244639 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure independent of co-existing hypertension and coronary artery disease. Although several molecular mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been identified, they are incompletely understood. The pathomechanisms are multifactorial and as a consequence, no causative treatment exists at this time to modulate or reverse the molecular changes contributing to accelerated cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients. Numerous animal models have been generated, which serve as powerful tools to study the impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on the heart. Despite specific limitations of the models generated, they mimic various perturbations observed in the diabetic myocardium and continue to provide important mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews recent studies in both diabetic patients and in these animal models, and discusses novel hypotheses to delineate the increased incidence of heart failure in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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14
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Bulani Y, Sharma SS. Argatroban Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Rats by Reducing Fibrosis, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Protease-Activated Receptor Expression. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 31:255-267. [PMID: 28695302 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic diabetes is associated with cardiovascular dysfunctions. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the serious cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. Despite significant efforts in understanding the pathophysiology of DCM, management of DCM is not adequate due to its complex pathophysiology. Recently, involvement of protease-activated receptors (PARs) has been postulated in cardiovascular diseases. These receptors are activated by thrombin, trypsin, or other serine proteases. Expression of PAR has been shown to be increased in cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction, viral myocarditis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the role of PAR in DCM has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the role of PAR in the condition of DCM using a pharmacological approach. We used argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor for targeting PAR. METHODS Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced by high-fat feeding along with low dose streptozotocin (STZ 35 mg/kg, i.p. single dose) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 16 weeks of diabetes induction, animals were treated with argatroban at 0.3 and 1 mg/kg dose daily for 4 weeks. After 20 weeks, ventricular functions were measured using ventricular catheterization. Cardiac histology, TUNEL staining, and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate cardiac fibrosis, DNA fragmentation, and expression level of different proteins, respectively. RESULTS T2DM was associated with cardiac structural and functional disturbances as evidenced from impaired cardiac functional parameters and increased fibrosis. There was a significant increase in PAR expression after 20 weeks of diabetes induction. Four weeks argatroban treatment ameliorated metabolic alterations (reduced plasma glucose and cholesterol), ventricular dysfunctions (improved systolic and diastolic functions), cardiac fibrosis (reduced percentage area of collagen in picro-sirius red staining), and apoptosis (reduced TUNEL positive nuclei). Reduced expression of PAR1 and PAR4 in the argatroban-treated group indicates a response towards inhibition of thrombin. In addition, AKT (Ser-473), GSK-3β (Ser-9), p-65 NFĸB phosphorylation, TGF-β, COX-2, and caspase-3 expression were reduced significantly along with an increase in SERCA expression in argatroban-treated diabetic rats which indicated the anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic potential of argatroban in DCM. CONCLUSION This study suggests the ameliorative effects of argatroban in diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving ventricular functions and reducing fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, and PAR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Bulani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS, Nagar (Mohali), Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS, Nagar (Mohali), Punjab, 160062, India.
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15
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Murphy E, Amanakis G, Fillmore N, Parks RJ, Sun J. Sex Differences in Metabolic Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:370-377. [PMID: 28158412 PMCID: PMC5852638 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to ischemic cardiomyopathies which are more common in men, women are over-represented in diabetic cardiomyopathies. Diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, there is a sexual dimorphism in this risk factor: heart disease is five times more common in diabetic women but only two-times more common in diabetic men. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, which is associated with metabolic syndrome, is also more prevalent in women. This review will examine potential mechanisms for the sex differences in metabolic cardiomyopathies. Sex differences in metabolism, calcium handling, nitric oxide, and structural proteins will be evaluated. Nitric oxide synthase and PPARα exhibit sex differences and have also been proposed to mediate the development of hypertrophy and heart failure. We focused on a role for these signalling pathways in regulating sex differences in metabolic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, MSC 1770, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Diaz-Juarez J, Suarez J, Cividini F, Scott BT, Diemer T, Dai A, Dillmann WH. Expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in cardiac myocytes improves impaired mitochondrial calcium handling and metabolism in simulated hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C1005-C1013. [PMID: 27681178 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00236.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with metabolic changes, including decreased glucose oxidation (Gox) and increased fatty acid oxidation (FAox), which result in cardiac energetic deficiency. Diabetic hyperglycemia is a pathophysiological mechanism that triggers multiple maladaptive phenomena. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) is the channel responsible for Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria, and free mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) regulates mitochondrial metabolism. Experiments with cardiac myocytes (CM) exposed to simulated hyperglycemia revealed reduced [Ca2+]m and MCU protein levels. Therefore, we investigated whether returning [Ca2+]m to normal levels in CM by MCU expression could lead to normalization of Gox and FAox with no detrimental effects. Mouse neonatal CM were exposed for 72 h to normal glucose [5.5 mM glucose + 19.5 mM mannitol (NG)], high glucose [25 mM glucose (HG)], or HG + adenoviral MCU expression. Gox and FAox, [Ca2+]m, MCU levels, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis were assessed. [Ca2+]m and MCU protein levels were reduced after 72 h of HG. Gox was decreased and FAox was increased in HG, PDH activity was decreased, phosphorylated PDH levels were increased, and mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced. MCU expression returned these parameters toward NG levels. Moreover, increased oxidative stress and apoptosis were reduced in HG by MCU expression. We also observed reduced MCU protein levels and [Ca2+]m in hearts from type 1 diabetic mice. Thus we conclude that HG-induced metabolic alterations can be reversed by restoration of MCU levels, resulting in return of [Ca2+]m to normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Diaz-Juarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and.,Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Federico Cividini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Brian T Scott
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Tanja Diemer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Anzhi Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
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17
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Stary V, Puppala D, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Dillmann WH, Armoundas AA. SERCA2a upregulation ameliorates cellular alternans induced by metabolic inhibition. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:865-75. [PMID: 26846549 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00588.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac alternans has been associated with the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of impaired mitochondrial function in the genesis of cellular alternans and to examine whether modulating the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)ameliorates the level of alternans. Cardiomyocytes isolated from control and doxycyline-induced sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a)-upregulated mice were loaded with two different Ca(2+)indicators to selectively measure mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca(2+)using a custom-made fluorescence photometry system. The degree of alternans was defined as the alternans ratio (AR) [1 - (small Ca(2+)intensity)/(large Ca(2+)intensity)]. Blocking of complex I and II, cytochrome-coxidase, F0F1synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase of the electron transport chain, increased alternans in both control and SERCA2a mice (P< 0.01). Changes in AR in SERCA2a-upregulated mice were significantly less pronounced than those observed in control in seven of nine tested conditions (P< 0.04).N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), rescued alternans in myocytes that were previously exposed to an oxidizing agent (P< 0.001). CGP, an antagonist of the mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+)exchanger, had the most severe effect on AR. Exposure to cyclosporin A, a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore reduced CGP-induced alternans (P< 0.0001). The major findings of this study are that impairment of mitochondrial Ca(2+)cycling and energy production leads to a higher amplitude of alternans in both control and SERCA2a-upregulated mice, but changes in SERCA2a-upregulated mice are less severe, indicating that SERCA2a mice are more capable of sustaining electrical stability during stress. This suggests a relationship between sarcoplasmic Ca(2+)content and mitochondrial dysfunction during alternans, which may potentially help to understand changes in Ca(2+)signaling in myocytes from diseased hearts, leading to new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stary
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Dheeraj Puppala
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Antonis A Armoundas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
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18
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Felício JS, Koury CC, Carvalho CT, Abrahão Neto JF, Miléo KB, Arbage TP, Silva DD, de Oliveira AF, Peixoto AS, Figueiredo AB, Ribeiro Dos Santos ÂKC, Yamada ES, Zanella MT. Present Insights on Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Patients. Curr Diabetes Rev 2016; 12:384-395. [PMID: 26364799 PMCID: PMC5101638 DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666150914120529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is partially understood and is likely to be multifactorial, involving metabolic disturbances, hypertension and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Therefore, an important need remains to further delineate the basic mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and to apply them to daily clinical practice. We attempt to detail some of these underlying mechanisms, focusing in the clinical features and management. The novelty of this review is the role of CAN and reduction of blood pressure descent during sleep in the development of DCM. Evidence has suggested that CAN might precede left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes, serving as an early marker for the evaluation of preclinical cardiac abnormalities. Additionally, a prospective study demonstrated that an elevation of nocturnal systolic blood pressure and a loss of nocturnal blood pressure fall might precede the onset of abnormal albuminuria and cardiovascular events in hypertensive normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, existing microalbuminuria could imply the presence of myocardium abnormalities. Considering that DCM could be asymptomatic for a long period and progress to irreversible cardiac damage, early recognition and treatment of the preclinical cardiac abnormalities are essential to avoid severe cardiovascular outcomes. In this sense, we recommend that all type 2 diabetic patients, especially those with microalbuminuria, should be regularly submitted to CAN tests, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and echocardiography, and treated for any abnormalities in these tests in the attempt of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Soares Felício
- Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto - Universidade Federal do Pará, Mundurucus Street, 4487 - Postal Code: 66073-000 - Guamá - Belém - PA - Brazil.
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19
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Cardiac H2S Generation Is Reduced in Ageing Diabetic Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:758358. [PMID: 26078817 PMCID: PMC4442299 DOI: 10.1155/2015/758358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims. To examine whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generation changed in ageing diabetic mouse hearts. Results. Compared to mice that were fed tap water only, mice that were fed 30% fructose solution for 15 months exhibited typical characteristics of a severe diabetic phenotype with cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction. H2S levels in plasma, heart tissues, and urine were significantly reduced in these mice as compared to those in controls. The expression of the H2S-generating enzymes, cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, was significantly decreased in the hearts of fructose-fed mice, whereas cystathionine-β-synthase levels were significantly increased. Conclusion. Our results suggest that this ageing diabetic mouse model developed diabetic cardiomyopathy and that H2S levels were reduced in the diabetic heart due to alterations in three H2S-producing enzymes, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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20
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Lai NC, Gao MH, Giamouridis D, Suarez J, Miyanohara A, Parikh J, Hightower S, Guo T, Dillmann W, Kim YC, Diaz-Juarez J, Hammond HK. Intravenous AAV8 Encoding Urocortin-2 Increases Function of the Failing Heart in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:347-56. [PMID: 25760560 PMCID: PMC4492611 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urocortin-2 (UCn2) peptide infusion increases cardiac function in patients with heart failure, but chronic peptide infusion is cumbersome, is costly, and provides only short-term benefits. Gene transfer would circumvent these shortcomings. We previously showed that a single intravenous (IV) injection of AAV8.UCn2 increases plasma UCn2 and left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function for at least 7 months in normal mice. Here we test the hypothesis that IV delivery of AAV8.UCn2 increases function of the failing heart. Myocardial infarction (MI, by coronary ligation) was used to induce heart failure, which was assessed by echocardiography 3 weeks after MI. Mice with LV ejection fraction (EF) <25% received IV delivery of AAV8.UCn2 (5×1011 gc) or saline, and 5 weeks later echocardiography showed increased LV EF in mice that received UCn2 gene transfer (p=0.01). In vivo physiological studies showed a 2-fold increase in peak rate of LV pressure development (LV +dP/dt; p<0.0001) and a 1.6-fold increase in peak rate of LV pressure decay (LV −dP/dt; p=0.0007), indicating increased LV systolic and diastolic function in treated mice. UCn2 gene transfer was associated with increased peak systolic Ca2+ transient amplitude and rate of Ca2+ decline and increased SERCA2a expression. In addition, UCn2 gene transfer reduced Thr286 phosphorylation of Cam kinase II, and increased expression of cardiac myosin light chain kinase, findings that would be anticipated to increase function of the failing heart. We conclude that a single IV injection of AAV8.UCn2 increases function of the failing heart. The simplicity of IV injection of a vector encoding a gene with beneficial paracrine effects to increase cardiac function is an attractive potential clinical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chin Lai
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Jorge Suarez
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Jay Parikh
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Stephen Hightower
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Tracy Guo
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Wolfgang Dillmann
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Julieta Diaz-Juarez
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
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21
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Waller AP, Kalyanasundaram A, Hayes S, Periasamy M, Lacombe VA. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump is a major regulator of glucose transport in the healthy and diabetic heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:873-81. [PMID: 25615793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, the pathways that mediate calcium (Ca(2+))-stimulated glucose transport in striated muscle remain elusive. Since the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump tightly regulates cytosolic [Ca(2+)], we investigated whether the SERCA pump is a major regulator of cardiac glucose transport. We used healthy and insulin-deficient diabetic transgenic (TG) mice expressing SERCA1a in the heart. Active cell surface glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 was measured by a biotinylated photolabeled assay in the intact perfused myocardium and isolated myocytes. In healthy TG mice, cardiac-specific SERCA1a expression increased active cell-surface GLUT4 and glucose uptake in the myocardium, as well as whole body glucose tolerance. Diabetes reduced active cell-surface GLUT4 content and glucose uptake in the heart of wild type mice, all of which were preserved in diabetic TG mice. Decreased basal AS160 and increased proportion of calmodulin-bound AS160 paralleled the increase in cell surface GLUT4 content in the heart of TG mice, suggesting that AS160 regulates GLUT trafficking by a Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent pathway. In addition, cardiac-specific SERCA1a expression partially rescues hyperglycemia during diabetes. Collectively, these data suggested that the SERCA pump is a major regulator of cardiac glucose transport by an AS160 dependent mechanism during healthy and insulin-deficient state. Our data further indicated that cardiac-specific SERCA overexpression rescues diabetes induced-alterations in cardiac glucose transport and improves whole body glucose homeostasis. Therefore, findings from this study provide novel mechanistic insights linking upregulation of the SERCA pump in the heart as a potential therapeutic target to improve glucose metabolism during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuradha Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Summer Hayes
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, USA; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Véronique A Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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22
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Stammers AN, Susser SE, Hamm NC, Hlynsky MW, Kimber DE, Kehler DS, Duhamel TA. The regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPases (SERCA). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:843-54. [PMID: 25730320 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is responsible for transporting calcium (Ca(2+)) from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) following muscular contraction. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA facilitates muscular relaxation in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. There are more than 10 distinct isoforms of SERCA expressed in different tissues. SERCA2a is the primary isoform expressed in cardiac tissue, whereas SERCA1a is the predominant isoform expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA is regulated at the level of protein content and is further modified by the endogenous proteins phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Additionally, several novel mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as integral regulators of Ca(2+) transport activity. These regulatory mechanisms are clinically relevant, as dysregulated SERCA function has been implicated in the pathology of several disease states, including heart failure. Currently, several clinical trials are underway that utilize novel therapeutic approaches to restore SERCA2a activity in humans. The purpose of this review is to examine the regulatory mechanisms of the SERCA pump, with a particular emphasis on the influence of exercise in preventing the pathological conditions associated with impaired SERCA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Stammers
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Shanel E Susser
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Naomi C Hamm
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Michael W Hlynsky
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - D Scott Kehler
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
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23
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Regulation of SERCA pumps expression in diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:302-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as cardiac disease independent of vascular complications during diabetes. The number of new cases of DCM is rising at epidemic rates in proportion to newly diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the world. DCM is a heart failure syndrome found in diabetic patients that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced diastolic function, with or without concurrent systolic dysfunction, occurring in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease. DCM and other diabetic complications are caused in part by elevations in blood glucose and lipids, characteristic of DM. Although there are pathological consequences to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, the combination of the two metabolic abnormalities potentiates the severity of diabetic complications. A natural competition exists between glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the heart that is regulated by allosteric and feedback control and transcriptional modulation of key limiting enzymes. Inhibition of these glycolytic enzymes not only controls flux of substrate through the glycolytic pathway, but also leads to the diversion of glycolytic intermediate substrate through pathological pathways, which mediate the onset of diabetic complications. The present review describes the limiting steps involved in the development of these pathological pathways and the factors involved in the regulation of these limiting steps. Additionally, therapeutic options with demonstrated or postulated effects on DCM are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Isfort
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Benech JC, Benech N, Zambrana AI, Rauschert I, Bervejillo V, Oddone N, Damián JP. Diabetes increases stiffness of live cardiomyocytes measured by atomic force microscopy nanoindentation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C910-9. [PMID: 25163520 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00192.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stiffness of live cardiomyocytes isolated from control and diabetic mice was measured using the atomic force microscopy nanoindentation method. Type 1 diabetes was induced in mice by streptozotocin administration. Histological images of myocardium from mice that were diabetic for 3 mo showed disorderly lineup of myocardial cells, irregularly sized cell nuclei, and fragmented and disordered myocardial fibers with interstitial collagen accumulation. Phalloidin-stained cardiomyocytes isolated from diabetic mice showed altered (i.e., more irregular and diffuse) actin filament organization compared with cardiomyocytes from control mice. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) pump expression was reduced in homogenates obtained from the left ventricle of diabetic animals compared with age-matched controls. The apparent elastic modulus (AEM) for live control or diabetic isolated cardiomyocytes was measured using the atomic force microscopy nanoindentation method in Tyrode buffer solution containing 1.8 mM Ca(2+) and 5.4 mM KCl (physiological condition), 100 nM Ca(2+) and 5.4 mM KCl (low extracellular Ca(2+) condition), or 1.8 mM Ca(2+) and 140 mM KCl (contraction condition). In the physiological condition, the mean AEM was 112% higher for live diabetic than control isolated cardiomyocytes (91 ± 14 vs. 43 ± 7 kPa). The AEM was also significantly higher in diabetic than control cardiomyocytes in the low extracellular Ca(2+) and contraction conditions. These findings suggest that the material properties of live cardiomyocytes were affected by diabetes, resulting in stiffer cells, which very likely contribute to high diastolic LV stiffness, which has been observed in vivo in some diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Benech
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Nicolás Benech
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; and
| | - Ana I Zambrana
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Rauschert
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Bervejillo
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Oddone
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan P Damián
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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26
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Thomas CM, Yong QC, Rosa RM, Seqqat R, Gopal S, Casarini DE, Jones WK, Gupta S, Baker KM, Kumar R. Cardiac-specific suppression of NF-κB signaling prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1036-45. [PMID: 25085967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00340.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of NF-κB signaling in the heart may be protective or deleterious depending on the pathological context. In diabetes, the role of NF-κB in cardiac dysfunction has been investigated using pharmacological approaches that have a limitation of being nonspecific. Furthermore, the specific cellular pathways by which NF-κB modulates heart function in diabetes have not been identified. To address these questions, we used a transgenic mouse line expressing mutated IκB-α in the heart (3M mice), which prevented activation of canonical NF-κB signaling. Diabetes was developed by streptozotocin injections in wild-type (WT) and 3M mice. Diabetic WT mice developed systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction by the 12th week, as measured by echocardiography. In contrast, cardiac function was preserved in 3M mice up to 24 wk of diabetes. Diabetes induced an elevation in cardiac oxidative stress in diabetic WT mice but not 3M mice compared with nondiabetic control mice. In diabetic WT mice, an increase in the phospholamban/sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2 ratio and decrease in ryanodine receptor expression were observed, whereas diabetic 3M mice showed an opposite effect on these parameters of Ca(2+) handling. Significantly, renin-angiotensin system activity was suppressed in diabetic 3M mice compared with an increase in WT animals. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that inhibition of NF-κB signaling in the heart prevents diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction through preserved Ca(2+) handling and inhibition of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice M Thomas
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Qian Chen Yong
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Rodolfo M Rosa
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Rachid Seqqat
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Shanthi Gopal
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Dulce E Casarini
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - W Keith Jones
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas;
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27
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Huang H, Joseph LC, Gurin MI, Thorp EB, Morrow JP. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation during cardiac hypertrophy reduces sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) transcription. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:58-63. [PMID: 25008120 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. SERCA2 is critical for normal cardiac calcium handling and function and SERCA2 mRNA and protein levels are reduced by cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation during hypertrophy reduced SERCA2 transcription. Using a neonatal rat ventricular myocyte model of hypertrophy, we found that pharmacologic inhibitors of ERK activation preserve SERCA2 mRNA levels during hypertrophy. ERK activation is sufficient to reduce SERCA2 mRNA. We determined that ERK represses SERCA2 transcription via nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkB), and activation of NFkB is sufficient to reduce SERCA2 mRNA in cardiomyocytes. This work establishes novel connections between ERK, NFkB, and SERCA2 repression during cardiac hypertrophy. This mechanism may have implications for the progression of hypertrophy to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 622 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Leroy C Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 622 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Michael I Gurin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 622 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 622 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Morrow
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University; New York NY USA
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29
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Gao MH, Lai NC, Miyanohara A, Schilling JM, Suarez J, Tang T, Guo T, Tang R, Parikh J, Giamouridis D, Dillmann WH, Patel HH, Roth DM, Dalton ND, Hammond HK. Intravenous adeno-associated virus serotype 8 encoding urocortin-2 provides sustained augmentation of left ventricular function in mice. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:777-85. [PMID: 23931341 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urocortin-2 (UCn2) peptide infusion increases cardiac function in patients with heart failure, but chronic peptide infusion is cumbersome, costly, and provides only short-term benefits. Gene transfer would circumvent these shortcomings. Here we ask whether a single intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus type 8 encoding murine urocortin-2 (AAV8.UCn2) could provide long-term elevation in plasma UCn2 levels and increased left ventricular (LV) function. Normal mice received AAV8.UCn2 (5×10¹¹ genome copies, intravenous). Plasma UCn2 increased 15-fold 6 weeks and >11-fold 7 months after delivery. AAV8 DNA and UCn2 mRNA expression was persistent in LV and liver up to 7 months after a single intravenous injection of AAV8.UCn2. Physiological studies conducted both in situ and ex vivo showed increases in LV +dP/dt and in LV -dP/dt, findings that endured unchanged for 7 months. SERCA2a mRNA and protein expression was increased in LV samples and Ca²⁺ transient studies showed an increased rate of Ca²⁺ decline in cardiac myocytes from mice that had received UCn2 gene transfer. We conclude that a single intravenous injection of AAV8.UCn2 increases plasma UCn2 and increases LV systolic and diastolic function for at least 7 months. The simplicity of intravenous injection of a long-term expression vector encoding a gene with paracrine activity to increase cardiac function is a potentially attractive strategy in clinical settings. Future studies will determine the usefulness of this approach in the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Gao
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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30
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Simon JN, Duglan D, Casadei B, Carnicer R. Nitric oxide synthase regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in health and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:80-91. [PMID: 24631761 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of the ability of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) to modulate cardiac function have provided key insights into the role NOS play in the regulation of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in health and disease. Through both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent (e.g. S-nitrosylation) mechanisms, NOS have the ability to alter intracellular Ca(2+) handling and the myofilament response to Ca(2+), thereby impacting the systolic and diastolic performance of the myocardium. Findings from experiments using nitric oxide (NO) donors and NOS inhibition or gene deletion clearly implicate dysfunctional NOS as a critical contributor to many cardiovascular disease states. However, studies to date have only partially addressed NOS isoform-specific effects and, more importantly, how subcellular localization of NOS influences ion channels involved in myocardial EC coupling and excitability. In this review, we focus on the contribution of each NOS isoform to cardiac dysfunction and on the role of uncoupled NOS activity in common cardiac disease states, including heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia/reperfusion injury and atrial fibrillation. We also review evidence that clearly indicates the importance of NO in cardioprotection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian N Simon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Drew Duglan
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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31
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Yu X, Zhang Q, Cui W, Zeng Z, Yang W, Zhang C, Zhao H, Gao W, Wang X, Luo D. Low molecular weight fucoidan alleviates cardiac dysfunction in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats by reducing oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:420929. [PMID: 25525607 PMCID: PMC4267220 DOI: 10.1155/2014/420929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Oxidative stress is suggested to be the major contributor to the development of DCM. This study was intended to evaluate the protective effect of low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) against cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetic goto-kakizaki rats were untreated or treated with LMWF (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for three months. The establishment of DCM model and the effects of LMWF on cardiac function were evaluated by echocardiography and isolated heart perfusion. Ventricle staining with H-E or Sirius Red was performed to investigate the structural changes in myocardium. Functional evaluation demonstrated that LMWF has a beneficial effect on DCM by enhancing myocardial contractility and mitigating cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, LMWF exerted significant inhibitory effects on the reactive oxygen species production and myocyte apoptosis in diabetic hearts. The depressed activity of superoxide dismutase in diabetic heart was also improved by intervention with LMWF. Moreover, LMWF robustly inhibited the enhanced expression of protein kinase C β, an important contributor to oxidative stress, in diabetic heart and high glucose-treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, LMWF possesses a protective effect against DCM through ameliorations of PKCβ-mediated oxidative stress and subsequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Collagen/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Molecular Weight
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase C beta/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Youanmenwai Street, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wentong Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Youanmenwai Street, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Youanmenwai Street, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenzhe Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Youanmenwai Street, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Youanmenwai Street, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Youanmenwai Street, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weidong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dali Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Youanmenwai Street, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
- *Dali Luo:
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32
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Gao MH, Lai NC, Tang T, Guo T, Tang R, Chun BJ, Wang H, Dalton NN, Suarez J, Dillmann WH, Hammond HK. Preserved cardiac function despite marked impairment of cAMP generation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72151. [PMID: 24147149 PMCID: PMC3797917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives So many clinical trials of positive inotropes have failed, that it is now axiomatic that agents that increase cAMP are deleterious to the failing heart. An alternative strategy is to alter myocardial Ca2+ handling or myofilament response to Ca2+ using agents that do not affect cAMP. Although left ventricular (LV) function is tightly linked to adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, the beneficial effects of AC may be independent of cAMP and instead stem from effects on Ca2+ handling. Here we ask whether an AC mutant molecule that reduces LV cAMP production would have favorable effects on LV function through its effects on Ca2+ handling alone. Methods and Results We generated transgenic mice with cardiac-directed expression of an AC6 mutant (AC6mut). Cardiac myocytes showed impaired cAMP production in response to isoproterenol (74% reduction; p<0.001), but LV size and function were normal. Isolated hearts showed preserved LV function in response to isoproterenol stimulation. AC6mut expression was associated with increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and the EC50 for SERCA2a activation was reduced. Cardiac myocytes isolated from AC6mut mice showed increased amplitude of Ca2+ transients in response to isoproterenol (p = 0.0001). AC6mut expression also was associated with increased expression of LV S100A1 (p = 0.03) and reduced expression of phospholamban protein (p = 0.01). Conclusion LV AC mutant expression is associated with normal cardiac function despite impaired cAMP generation. The mechanism appears to be through effects on Ca2+ handling — effects that occur despite diminished cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Gao
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Flepisi TB, Lochner A, Huisamen B. The Consequences of Long-Term Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibition on Normal and Insulin Resistant Rat Hearts. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 27:381-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Namekata I, Hamaguchi S, Wakasugi Y, Ohhara M, Hirota Y, Tanaka H. Ellagic acid and gingerol, activators of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, ameliorate diabetes mellitus-induced diastolic dysfunction in isolated murine ventricular myocardia. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 706:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Haddad R, Kasneci A, Mepham K, Sebag IA, Chalifour LE. Gestational exposure to diethylstilbestrol alters cardiac structure/function, protein expression and DNA methylation in adult male mice progeny. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Yi T, Cheema Y, Tremble SM, Bell SP, Chen Z, Subramanian M, LeWinter MM, VanBuren P, Palmer BM. Zinc-induced cardiomyocyte relaxation in a rat model of hyperglycemia is independent of myosin isoform. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:135. [PMID: 23116444 PMCID: PMC3537566 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported previously that diabetic cardiomyopathy can be inhibited or reverted with chronic zinc supplementation. In the current study, we hypothesized that total cardiac calcium and zinc content is altered in early onset diabetes mellitus characterized in part as hyperglycemia (HG) and that exposure of zinc ion (Zn2+) to isolated cardiomyocytes would enhance contraction-relaxation function in HG more so than in nonHG controls. To better control for differential cardiac myosin isoform expression as occurs in rodents after β-islet cell necrosis, hypothyroidism was induced in 16 rats resulting in 100% β-myosin heavy chain expression in the heart. β-Islet cell necrosis was induced in half of the rats by streptozocin administration. After 6 wks of HG, both HG and nonHG controls rats demonstrated similar myofilament performance measured as thin filament calcium sensitivity, native thin filament velocity in the myosin motility assay and contractile velocity and power. Extracellular Zn2+ reduced cardiomyocyte contractile function in both groups, but enhanced relaxation function significantly in the HG group compared to controls. Most notably, a reduction in diastolic sarcomere length with increasing pacing frequencies, i.e., incomplete relaxation, was more pronounced in the HG compared to controls, but was normalized with extracellular Zn2+ application. This is a novel finding implicating that the detrimental effect of HG on cardiomyocyte Ca2+ regulation can be amelioration by Zn2+. Among the many post-translational modifications examined, only phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) at S-2808 was significantly higher in HG compared to nonHG. We did not find in our hypothyroid rats any differentiating effects of HG on myofibrillar protein phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine and advanced glycated end-products, which are often implicated as complicating factors in cardiac performance due to HG. Our results suggest that the relaxing effects of Zn2+ on cardiomyocyte function are more pronounced in the HG state due an insulin-dependent effect of enhancing removal of cytosolic Ca2+ via SERCA2a or NCX or by reducing Ca2+ influx via L-type channel or Ca2+ leak through the RyR. Investigations into the effects of Zn2+ on these mechanisms are now underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, 122 HSRF Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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37
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Epp RA, Susser SE, Morissette MP, Kehler DS, Jassal DS, Duhamel TA. Exercise training prevents the development of cardiac dysfunction in the low-dose streptozotocin diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 91:80-9. [PMID: 23369057 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that exercise training would prevent the development of diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and altered expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2 +)-transport proteins in the low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD+STZ). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old; 125-150 g) were made diabetic using a high-fat diet (40% fat, w/w) and a low-dose of streptozotocin (35 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)) by intravenous injection. Diabetic animals were divided among a sedentary group (Sed+HFD+STZ) or an exercise-trained group (Ex+HFD+STZ) that accumulated 3554 ± 338 m·day(-1) of voluntary wheel running (mean ± SE). Sedentary animals fed a low-fat diet served as the control (Sed+LFD). Oral glucose tolerance was impaired in the sedentary diabetic group (1179 ± 29; area under the curve (a.u.c.)) compared with that in the sedentary control animals (1447 ± 42 a.u.c.). Although left ventricular systolic function was unchanged by diabetes, impaired E/A ratios (i.e., diastolic function) and rates of pressure decay (-dP/dt) indicated the presence of diastolic dysfunction. Diabetes also reduced SERCA2a protein content and maximal SERCA2a activity (V(max)) by 21% and 32%, respectively. In contrast, the change in each parameter was attenuated by exercise training. Based on these data, it appears that exercise training prevented the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the dysregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum protein content in an inducible animal model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A Epp
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Dhalla NS, Rangi S, Zieroth S, Xu YJ. Alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial functions in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Exp Clin Cardiol 2012; 17:115-120. [PMID: 23620698 PMCID: PMC3628423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although diabetes due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance is a major cause of heart disease, the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. Varying degrees of defects in subcellular organelles, such as sarcolemma, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils and extracellular matrix have been observed in the diabetic heart. These subcellular abnormalities in chronic diabetes become evident with the occurrence of hormonal imbalance, metabolic defects, oxidative stress and intracellular Ca(2+) overload. During the initial stages of diabetes, hormonal imbalances, including elevated plasma levels of catecholamines and angiotensin II, as well as metabolic defects, appear to favour the development of oxidative stress; these changes lead to subcellular defects in the myocardium. Reductions in sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) pump and Ca(2+) release channel function are associated with cardiac dysfunction, whereas alterations in sarcolemmal Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activities contribute to intracellular Ca(2+) overload at late stages of diabetes. The continued accumulation of Ca(2+) in mitochondria produces Ca(2+) overload in these organelles, and this change induces impairment of energy production and depletion of energy stores as well as further promotion of oxidative stress in chronic diabetes. Generation of oxyradicals due to impaired electron transport results in the opening of mitochondrial pores, leakage of toxic proteins and myocardial cell damage in diabetes. These observations support the view that alterations in sarcoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial functions produce intracellular Ca(2+) overload and depletion of energy stores and, thus, play an important role in the development of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shelley Zieroth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Fricovsky ES, Suarez J, Ihm SH, Scott BT, Suarez-Ramirez JA, Banerjee I, Torres-Gonzalez M, Wang H, Ellrott I, Maya-Ramos L, Villarreal F, Dillmann WH. Excess protein O-GlcNAcylation and the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 303:R689-99. [PMID: 22874425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00548.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role that enzymatic protein O-GlcNAcylation plays in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Mice injected with low-dose streptozotocin and fed a high-fat diet developed mild hyperglycemia and obesity consistent with DM2. Studies were performed from 1 to 6 mo after initiating the DM2 protocol. After 1 mo, DM2 mice showed increased body weight, impaired fasting blood glucose, and hyperinsulinemia. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by 2 mo and O-GlcNAcylation of several cardiac proteins and of nuclear transcription factor Sp1. By 4 mo, systolic dysfunction was observed and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase expression decreased by 50%. Fibrosis was not observed at any timepoint in DM2 mice. Levels of the rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) were increased as early as 2 mo. Fatty acids, which are elevated in DM2 mice, can possibly be linked to excessive protein O-GlcNAcylation levels, as cultured cardiac myocytes in normal glucose treated with oleic acid showed increased O-GlcNAcylation and GFAT levels. These data indicate that the early onset of diastolic dysfunction followed by the loss of systolic function, in the absence of cardiac hypertrophy or fibrosis, is associated with increased cardiac protein O-GlcNAcylation and increased O-GlcNAcylation levels of key calcium-handling proteins. A link between excessive protein O-GlcNAcylation and cardiac dysfunction is further supported by results showing that reducing O-GlcNAcylation by O-GlcNAcase overexpression improved cardiac function in the diabetic mouse. In addition, fatty acids play a role in stimulating excess O-GlcNAcylation. The nature and time course of changes observed in cardiac function suggest that protein O-GlcNAcylation plays a mechanistic role in the triggering of diabetic cardiomyopathy in DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S Fricovsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0618, USA
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Mekahli D, Bultynck G, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Missiaen L. Endoplasmic-reticulum calcium depletion and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:a004317. [PMID: 21441595 PMCID: PMC3098671 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as an intracellular Ca(2+) store not only sets up cytosolic Ca(2+) signals, but, among other functions, also assembles and folds newly synthesized proteins. Alterations in ER homeostasis, including severe Ca(2+) depletion, are an upstream event in the pathophysiology of many diseases. On the one hand, insufficient release of activator Ca(2+) may no longer sustain essential cell functions. On the other hand, loss of luminal Ca(2+) causes ER stress and activates an unfolded protein response, which, depending on the duration and severity of the stress, can reestablish normal ER function or lead to cell death. We will review these various diseases by mainly focusing on the mechanisms that cause ER Ca(2+) depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalila Mekahli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I, Belgium
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Studies have shown that the heart failure risk is increased in diabetic patients even after adjusting for coronary artery disease and hypertension. Although the cause of this increased heart failure risk is multifactorial, increasing evidence suggests that derangements in cardiac energy metabolism play an important role. In particular, abnormalities in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial energetics appear to contribute substantially to the development of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. This review will summarize these abnormalities in mitochondrial function and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- Department of Cardiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure in individuals with diabetes, independently of co-existing coronary artery disease and hypertension. The underlying mechanisms for this cardiac complication are incompletely understood. Research on rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and the use of genetic engineering techniques in mice, have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for human diabetic cardiomyopathy. The adaptation of experimental techniques for the investigation of cardiac physiology in mice now allows comprehensive characterization of these models. The focus of the present review will be to discuss selected rodent models that have proven to be useful in studying the underlying mechanisms of human diabetic cardiomyopathy, and to provide an overview of the characteristics of these models for the growing number of investigators who seek to understand the pathology of diabetes-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Sulaiman M, Matta MJ, Sunderesan NR, Gupta MP, Periasamy M, Gupta M. Resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, upregulates sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase and improves cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 298:H833-43. [PMID: 20008278 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00418.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) expression has been shown to play a significant role in the cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The mechanism of SERCA2a repression is, however, not known. This study was designed to examine the effect of resveratrol (RSV), a potent activator of SIRT1, on cardiac function and SERCA2a expression in chronic type 1 diabetes. Adult male mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) and fed with either a regular diet or a diet enriched with RSV. STZ administration produced progressive decline in cardiac function, associated with markedly reduced SERCA2a and SIRT1 protein levels and increased collagen deposition; RSV treatment to these mice had a tremendous beneficial effect both in terms of improving SERCA2a expression and on cardiac function. In cultured cardiomyocytes, RSV restored SERCA2 promoter activity, which was otherwise highly repressed in high-glucose media. Protective effects of RSV were found to be dependent on its ability to activate Silent information regulator (SIRT) 1. In cardiomyocytes, overexpression of SIRT1 was found sufficient to activate SERCA2 promoter in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with SIRT1 antagonist, splitomycin, blocked these beneficial effects of RSV. In addition, SIRT1 knockout (+/-) mice were also found to be more sensitive to STZ-induced decline in SERCA2a mRNA. The data demonstrate that, in chronic diabetes, 1) the enzymatic activity of cardiac SIRT1 is reduced, which contributes to reduced expression of SERCA2a and 2) through activation of SIRT1, RSV enhances expression of SERCA2a and improves cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sulaiman
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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