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Armario A, Belda X, Gagliano H, Fuentes S, Molina P, Serrano S, Nadal R. Differential Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Response to Stress among Rat Strains: Methodological Considerations and Relevance for Neuropsychiatric Research. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1906-1923. [PMID: 36453492 PMCID: PMC10514526 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly glucocorticoids (GCs), play a critical role in the behavioral and physiological consequences of exposure to stress. For this reason, numerous studies have described differences in HPA function between different rodent strains/lines obtained by genetic selection of certain characteristics not directly related to the HPA axis. These studies have demonstrated a complex and poorly understood relationship between HPA function and certain relevant behavioral characteristics. The present review first remarks important methodological considerations regarding the evaluation and interpretation of resting and stress levels of HPA hormones. Then, it presents works in which differences in HPA function between Lewis and Fischer rats were explored as a model for how to approach other strain comparisons. After that, differences in the HPA axis between classical strain pairs (e.g. High and Low anxiety rats, Roman high- and low-avoidance, Wistar Kyoto versus Spontaneously Hypertensive or other strains, Flinder Sensitive and Flinder Resistant lines) are described. Finally, after discussing the relationship between HPA differences and relevant behavioral traits (anxiety-like and depression-like behavior and coping style), an example for main methodological and interpretative concerns and how to test strain differences is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Traslational Neuroscience Unit, UAB-Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Belda
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Fuentes
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Molina
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Serrano
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Traslational Neuroscience Unit, UAB-Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Psychobiology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Macchione AF, Beas C, Dadam FM, Caeiro XE, Godino A, Ponce LF, Amigone JL, Vivas L. Early free access to hypertonic NaCl solution induces a long-term effect on drinking, brain cell activity and gene expression of adult rat offspring. Neuroscience 2015; 298:120-36. [PMID: 25872186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to an altered osmotic environment during a pre/postnatal period can differentially program the fluid intake and excretion pattern profile in a way that persists until adulthood. However, knowledge about the programming effects on the underlying brain neurochemical circuits of thirst and hydroelectrolyte balance, and its relation with behavioral outputs, is limited. We evaluated whether early voluntary intake of hypertonic NaCl solution may program adult offspring fluid balance, plasma vasopressin, neural activity, and brain vasopressin and angiotensinergic receptor type 1a (AT1a)-receptor gene expression. The manipulation (M) period covered dams from 1 week before conception until offspring turned 1-month-old. The experimental groups were (i) Free access to hypertonic NaCl solution (0.45 M NaCl), food (0.18% NaCl) and water [M-Na]; and (ii) Free access to food and water only [M-Ctrol]. Male offspring (2-month-old) were subjected to iv infusion (0.15 ml/min) of hypertonic (1.5M NaCl), isotonic (0.15M NaCl) or sham infusion during 20 min. Cumulative water intake (140 min) and drinking latency to the first lick were recorded from the start of the infusion. Our results indicate that, after systemic sodium overload, the M-Na group had increased water intake, and diminished neuronal activity (Fos-immunoreactivity) in the subfornical organ (SFO) and nucleus of the solitary tract. They also showed reduced relative vasopressin (AVP)-mRNA and AT1a-mRNA expression at the supraoptic nucleus and SFO, respectively. The data indicate that the availability of a rich source of sodium during the pre/postnatal period induces a long-term effect on drinking, neural activity, and brain gene expression implicated in the control of hydroelectrolyte balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Macchione
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Beas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F M Dadam
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - X E Caeiro
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Godino
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L F Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J L Amigone
- Sección de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Privado, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Dreisbach AW, Rice JC, Japa S, Newman JW, Sigel A, Gill RS, Hess AE, Cemo AC, Fonseca JP, Hammock BD, Lertora JJ, Hamm LL. Salt Loading Increases Urinary Excretion of Linoleic Acid Diols and Triols in Healthy Human Subjects. Hypertension 2008; 51:755-61. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased dietary linoleic acid has been associated with reduced blood pressure in clinical and animal studies possibly mediated by prostaglandins. Urinary linoleate and prostaglandin metabolite excretion were investigated in subjects exposed to a salt-loading/salt-depletion regimen. Twelve healthy subjects were recruited from the New Orleans population (before Hurricaine Katrina) and admitted to the Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center after a 5-day outpatient lead-in phase on a 160-mmol sodium diet. On inpatient day 1, the subjects were maintained on the 160-mmol sodium diet, and a 24-hour urine specimen was collected. On day 2, the subjects received 2 L of IV normal saline over 4 hours and continued on a 160-mmol Na
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diet (total: 460 mmol of sodium). Two 12-hour urine collections were obtained. On day 3, the subjects received three 40-mg oral doses of furosemide, two 12-hour urine collections were obtained, and the subjects were given a 10-mmol sodium diet. Urinary oxidized lipids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectroscopy. The excretion of the urinary linoleate metabolites, dihydroxyoctadecamonoenoic acids, and trihydroxyoctadecamonoenoic acids increased significantly during intravenous salt loading as compared with day 1 and the salt-depleted periods. The urinary excretion of 6-keto- prostaglandin F1α was unaffected by salt loading but was dramatically increased 7- to 10-fold by salt depletion. Prostaglandin E2 excretion was positively correlated with sodium excretion. The salt-stimulated production of linoleic acid diols and triols may inhibit tubular sodium reabsorption, thereby assisting in the excretion of the sodium load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W. Dreisbach
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Janet C. Rice
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Shanker Japa
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - John W. Newman
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Aster Sigel
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Rajan S. Gill
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Arthur E. Hess
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Angela C. Cemo
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Juan P. Fonseca
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - Juan J.L. Lertora
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
| | - L. Lee Hamm
- From the Department of Medicine (A.W.D., S.J., A.S., A.E.H., J.P.F., J.J.L.L., L.L.H.), Tulane Health Science Center, New Orleans, La; Department of Biostatistics (J.C.R.), Tulane School of Public Health, New Orleans, La; Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center (S.J., A.C.C., J.J.L.L.), New Orleans; Departments of Entomology (J.W.N., R.S.G., B.D.H.) and Nutrition (J.W.N., R.S.G.), University of California, Davis; Western Human Nutrition Research Center (J
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