1
|
Wang Z, Zhao P, Tian K, Qiao Z, Dong H, Li J, Guan Z, Su H, Song Y, Ma X. TMEM9 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via activating the MEK/ERK/STAT3 pathway to induce VEGF expression. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:295. [PMID: 38664392 PMCID: PMC11045738 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal Transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) expression has been identified in various human tumors. However, the prognostic potential and mechanistic role of TMEM9 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. Here, we first found a significant upregulation of TMEM9 in LUAD tissues, and TMEM9 expression was positively correlated with microvessel density (MVD), T stage, and clinical stage. Survival analysis demonstrated TMEM9 was an independent indicator of poor prognosis in LUAD patients. In addition, downregulation of TMEM9 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo models, and reduced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in a cancer cell/HUVEC coculture model. Furthermore, TMEM9 upregulated VEGF expression, and VEGF-neutralizing antibodies reversed HUVEC angiogenesis and cancer cell migration ability caused by overexpression of TMEM9. In contrast, recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) abolished the inhibitory effect of TMEM9-knockdown LUAD cells on HUVEC angiogenesis and tumor cell migration. Moreover, we showed that TMEM9 upregulated VEGF expression by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/STAT3 (MEK/ERK/STAT3) pathway. Together, our study provides mechanistic insights into the role of TMEM9 in LUAD and highlights the potential of targeting the TMEM9/MEK/ERK/STAT3/VEGF pathway as a novel therapy for preventing LUAD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kaihua Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongshi Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Oncology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zitong Guan
- Department of Oncology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Oncology, LiaochengPeople's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taheri M, Tehrani HA, Dehghani S, Rajabzadeh A, Alibolandi M, Zamani N, Arefian E, Ramezani M. Signaling crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells: Implications for tumor suppression or progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:30-47. [PMID: 38341337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used in various therapeutic applications over the last two decades, particularly in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. MSCs have the ability to differentiate into mesodermal and non-mesodermal lineages, which makes them a popular choice in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Studies have shown that MSCs have inherent tumor-suppressive properties and can affect the behavior of multiple cells contributing to tumor development. Additionally, MSCs possess a tumor tropism property and have a hypoimmune nature. The intrinsic features of MSCs along with their potential to undergo genetic manipulation and be loaded with various anticancer therapeutics have motivated researchers to use them in different cancer therapy approaches without considering their complex dynamic biological aspects. However, despite their desirable features, several reports have shown that MSCs possess tumor-supportive properties. These contradictory results signify the sophisticated nature of MSCs and warn against the potential therapeutic applications of MSCs. Therefore, researchers should meticulously consider the biological properties of MSCs in preclinical and clinical studies to avoid any undesirable outcomes. This manuscript reviews preclinical studies on MSCs and cancer from the last two decades, discusses how MSC properties affect tumor progression and explains the mechanisms behind tumor suppressive and supportive functions. It also highlights critical cellular pathways that could be targeted in future studies to improve the safety and effectiveness of MSC-based therapies for cancer treatment. The insights obtained from this study will pave the way for further clinical research on MSCs and development of more effective cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdul Tehrani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Rajabzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nina Zamani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gornostaeva AN, Buravkova LB. Changes Induced by Inflammatory-Activated Immune Cell Microenvironment in the Paracrine Profile of MSC. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:544-548. [PMID: 36894814 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of activated innate and adaptive immune cells on the production of growth factors by human adipose tissue multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). MSC showed immunosuppressive properties in vitro: decreased activation and proliferation of stimulated immune cells. T-cell interaction with MSC resulted with increased secretion of EGF, PDGF-AB/BB, FGF-2, and VEGF growth factors. Co-culturing with natural killer cells also stimulated TGFα production. The intensity of the effect varied depending on the type of immune cells. Natural killer caused a more significant increase in PDGF-AB/BB and FGF-2 secretion, while VEGF secretion increased stronger after co-culturing with T cells. The obtained data indicate the possibility of increasing reparative potential of MSC under the influence of inflammatory microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Gornostaeva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, State Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - L B Buravkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, State Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li M, Ma H, Han F, Zhai D, Zhang B, Sun Y, Li T, Chen L, Wu C. Microbially Catalyzed Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104829. [PMID: 34632631 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a complex mineralized tissue composed of various organic (proteins, cells) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate) substances with micro/nanoscale structures. To improve interfacial bioactivity of bone-implanted biomaterials, extensive efforts are being made to fabricate favorable biointerface via surface modification. Inspired by microbially catalyzed mineralization, a novel concept to biologically synthesize the micro/nanostructures on bioceramics, microbial-assisted catalysis, is presented. It involves three processes: bacterial adhesion on biomaterials, production of CO3 2- assisted by bacteria, and nucleation and growth of CaCO3 nanocrystals on the surface of bioceramics. The microbially catalyzed biominerals exhibit relatively uniform micro/nanostructures on the surface of both 2D and 3D α-CaSiO3 bioceramics. The topographic and chemical cues of the grown micro/nanostructures present excellent in vitro and in vivo bone-forming bioactivity. The underlying mechanism is closely related to the activation of multiple biological processes associated with bone regeneration. The study offers a microbially catalytic concept and strategy of fabricating micro/nanostructured biomaterials for tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongshi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Han
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang W, Chen X, Zhang S, Fang J, Chen M, Xu Y, Chen X. Mesenchymal stem cells as a double-edged sword in tumor growth: focusing on MSC-derived cytokines. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:3. [PMID: 33472580 PMCID: PMC7818947 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show homing capacity towards tumor sites. Numerous reports indicate that they are involved in multiple tumor-promoting processes through several mechanisms, including immunosuppression; stimulation of angiogenesis; transition to cancer-associated fibroblasts; inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis; induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); and increase metastasis and chemoresistance. However, other studies have shown that MSCs suppress tumor growth by suppressing angiogenesis, incrementing inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting the AKT and Wnt signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the supportive and suppressive impacts of MSCs on tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss MSC-based therapeutic strategies for cancer based on their potential for homing to tumor sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Fang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meikai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sobierajska K, Wawro ME, Ciszewski WM, Niewiarowska J. Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Internalization via Caveolae Is Regulated by Tubulin-β2 and Tubulin-β3 during Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2531-2546. [PMID: 31539520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic disorders, which are caused by long-term inflammation, are observed in numerous organs. These disorders are regulated mainly through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins by a fundamental cellular mechanism, known as the endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets that enable the inhibition of endothelial transdifferentiation. This study is the first to demonstrate that glycosylation of tubulin-β2 and tubulin-β3 in microtubules enhances sensitivity to TGF-β1 stimulation in human microvascular endothelial cells. We observed that the microtubules enriched in glycosylated tubulin-β2 and tubulin-β3 were necessary for caveolae-dependent TGF-β receptor internalization. Post-translational modulation is critical for the generation of myofibroblasts through endothelial-mesenchymal transition during fibrosis development. We suggest that microtubule glycosylation may become the target of new effective therapies for patients with recognized fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta E Wawro
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Ciszewski
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Niewiarowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Timaner M, Tsai KK, Shaked Y. The multifaceted role of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:225-237. [PMID: 31212021 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from the mesoderm that give rise to several mesenchymal lineages, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes. Their potent ability to home to tumors coupled with their differentiation potential and immunosuppressive function positions MSCs as key regulators of tumor fate. Here we review the existing knowledge on the involvement of MSCs in multiple tumor-promoting processes, including angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, immunosuppression and therapy resistance. We also discuss the clinical potential of MSC-based therapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Timaner
- Technion-Integerated Cancer Center, Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kelvin K Tsai
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, and Division of Gastroenterology, Wan Fang Hospital, and Graduate Institutes of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Taiwan; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Technion-Integerated Cancer Center, Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Regulators of Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1144:147-166. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
9
|
Minoxidil Promotes Hair Growth through Stimulation of Growth Factor Release from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030691. [PMID: 29495622 PMCID: PMC5877552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Minoxidil directly promotes hair growth via the stimulation of dermal papilla (DP) and epithelial cells. Alternatively, there is little evidence for indirect promotion of hair growth via stimulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). We investigated whether minoxidil stimulates ASCs and if increased growth factor secretion by ASCs facilitates minoxidil-induced hair growth. Telogen-to-anagen induction was examined in mice. Cultured DP cells and vibrissae hair follicle organ cultures were used to further examine the underlying mechanisms. Subcutaneous injection of minoxidil-treated ASCs accelerated telogen-to-anagen transition in mice, and increased hair weight at day 14 post-injection. Minoxidil did not alter ASC proliferation, but increased migration and tube formation. Minoxidil also increased the secretion of growth factors from ASCs, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), and platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C). Minoxidil increased extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and concomitant upregulation of PD-ECGF and PDGF-C mRNA levels were attenuated by an ERK inhibitor. Subcutaneous injection of CXCL1, PD-ECGF, or PDGF-C enhanced anagen induction in mice, and both CXCL1 and PDGF-C increased hair length in ex vivo organ culture. Treatment with CXCL1, PD-ECGF, or PDGF-C also increased the proliferation index in DP cells. Finally, topical application of CXCL1, PD-ECGF, or PDGF-C with 2% minoxidil enhanced anagen induction when compared to minoxidil alone. Minoxidil stimulates ASC motility and increases paracrine growth factor signaling. Minoxidil-stimulated secretion of growth factors by ASCs may enhance hair growth by promoting DP proliferation. Therefore, minoxidil can be used as an ASC preconditioning agent for hair regeneration.
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng BY, Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Tsai FC, Dubey R, Deng WP, Wei HJ. Addressing Stem Cell Therapeutic Approaches in Pathobiology of Diabetes and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7806435. [PMID: 30046616 PMCID: PMC6036791 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the human population is a serious threat which needs to be addressed cautiously. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are most prevalent forms. Disruption in insulin regulation and resistance leads to increased formation and accumulation of advanced end products (AGEs), which further enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress leading to microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular complications. These complications affect the normal function of organ and tissues and may cause life-threatening disorders, if hyperglycemia persists and improperly controlled. Current and traditional treatment procedures are only focused on to regulate the insulin level and do not cure the diabetic complications. Pancreatic transplantation seemed a viable alternative; however, it is limited due to lack of donors. Cell-based therapy such as stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic agent against DM and diabetic complications owing to their multilineage differentiation and regeneration potential. Previous studies have demonstrated the various impacts of both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells on DM and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of stem cells to treat DM and its related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala, India
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Cosmetic Clinic Group, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi X, Zhang W, Yin L, Chilian WM, Krieger J, Zhang P. Vascular precursor cells in tissue injury repair. Transl Res 2017; 184:77-100. [PMID: 28284670 PMCID: PMC5429880 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular precursor cells include stem cells and progenitor cells giving rise to all mature cell types in the wall of blood vessels. When tissue injury occurs, local hypoxia and inflammation result in the generation of vasculogenic mediators which orchestrate migration of vascular precursor cells from their niche environment to the site of tissue injury. The intricate crosstalk among signaling pathways coordinates vascular precursor cell proliferation and differentiation during neovascularization. Establishment of normal blood perfusion plays an essential role in the effective repair of the injured tissue. In recent years, studies on molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular precursor cell function have achieved substantial progress, which promotes exploration of vascular precursor cell-based approaches to treat chronic wounds and ischemic diseases in vital organ systems. Verification of safety and establishment of specific guidelines for the clinical application of vascular precursor cell-based therapy remain major challenges in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Jessica Krieger
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Samadikuchaksaraei A, Mehdipour A, Habibi Roudkenar M, Verdi J, Joghataei MT, As'adi K, Amiri F, Dehghan Harati M, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Karkuki Osguei N. A Dermal Equivalent Engineered with TGF-β3 Expressing Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Amniotic Membrane: Cosmetic Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Wounds in Rats. Artif Organs 2016; 40:E266-E279. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Ahmad Mehdipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Kamran As'adi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht
| | - Mozhgan Dehghan Harati
- Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nuschke A, Rodrigues M, Rivera J, Yates C, Whaley D, Stolz D, Griffith L, Wells A. Epidermal Growth Factor Tethered to β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds via a High-Affinity Binding Peptide Enhances Survival of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Multipotent Stromal Cells in an Immune-Competent Parafascial Implantation Assay in Mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1580-1586. [PMID: 27400798 PMCID: PMC5070502 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
: Mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for cell therapies owing to their ability to differentiate into many lineages. However, these cells often fail to survive when implanted into a harsh wound environment, limiting efficacy in vivo. To improve MSC survival, we previously found that tethered epidermal growth factor (tEGF) molecules that restrict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling to the cell surface provide resistance to death signals. To adapt this system to wound healing, we tethered epidermal growth factor (EGF) to tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particle scaffolds, clinically used in bone healing. Human primary MSCs seeded on TCP and mixed into a collagen-based gel were injected in the perifascial space of immunocompetent mice with or without tEGF attached to the surface. We found that tethering EGF to the TCP scaffolds yielded approximately a fourfold increase in MSC survival compared with non-EGF scaffolds at 21 days, as well as significant improvements in survival in the short term at 2 and 7 days after implantation. Overall, our approach to sustaining EGFR signaling reduced MSC death in vivo and may be useful for future cell therapies where MSCs typically die on implantation. SIGNIFICANCE Stem cells are limited as tissue replacements owing to rapid death induced in the hostile wound environment. It has been found that restricting epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling to the membrane provides a survival advantage. This report elucidates a method to tether EGF to bone induction material to improve the survival of mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Nuschke
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaime Rivera
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cecelia Yates
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Whaley
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna Stolz
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdelwahid E, Kalvelyte A, Stulpinas A, de Carvalho KAT, Guarita-Souza LC, Foldes G. Stem cell death and survival in heart regeneration and repair. Apoptosis 2016; 21:252-68. [PMID: 26687129 PMCID: PMC5200890 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of mortality and morbidity. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis disrupts cardiac function and leads to cardiac decompensation and terminal heart failure. Delineating the regulatory signaling pathways that orchestrate cell survival in the heart has significant therapeutic implications. Cardiac tissue has limited capacity to regenerate and repair. Stem cell therapy is a successful approach for repairing and regenerating ischemic cardiac tissue; however, transplanted cells display very high death percentage, a problem that affects success of tissue regeneration. Stem cells display multipotency or pluripotency and undergo self-renewal, however these events are negatively influenced by upregulation of cell death machinery that induces the significant decrease in survival and differentiation signals upon cardiovascular injury. While efforts to identify cell types and molecular pathways that promote cardiac tissue regeneration have been productive, studies that focus on blocking the extensive cell death after transplantation are limited. The control of cell death includes multiple networks rather than one crucial pathway, which underlies the challenge of identifying the interaction between various cellular and biochemical components. This review is aimed at exploiting the molecular mechanisms by which stem cells resist death signals to develop into mature and healthy cardiac cells. Specifically, we focus on a number of factors that control death and survival of stem cells upon transplantation and ultimately affect cardiac regeneration. We also discuss potential survival enhancing strategies and how they could be meaningful in the design of targeted therapies that improve cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-725, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Audrone Kalvelyte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurimas Stulpinas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cesar Guarita-Souza
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Gabor Foldes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Experimental and Translational Medicine, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cao S, Wei X, Li H, Miao J, Zhao G, Wu D, Liu B, Zhang Y, Gu H, Wang L, Fan Y, An D, Yuan Z. Comparative Study on the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Between Fetal and Postnatal Rat Spinal Cord Niche. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1115-30. [PMID: 26651539 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we established a prenatal surgical approach and transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the fetal rat spinal column to treat neural tube defects (NTDs). We found that the transplanted MSCs survived and differentiated into neural lineage cells. Various cytokines and extracellular signaling systems in the spinal cord niche play an important role in cell differentiation. In this study, we observed the differentiation of transplanted MSCs in different spinal cord niches and further observed the expression of neurotrophic factors and growth factors in the spinal cord at different developmental stages to explore the mechanism of MSC differentiation in different spinal cord niches. The results showed that transplanted MSCs expressed markers of neural precursor cells (nestin), neurogliocytes (GFAP), and neurons (β-tubulin). The percentages of GFP(+)/nestin(+) double-positive cells in transplanted MSCs in E16, P1, and P21 rats were 18.31%, 12.18%, and 5.06%, respectively. The percentages of GFP(+)/GFAP(+) double-positive cells in E16, P1, and P21 rats were 32.01%, 15.35%, and 12.56%, respectively. The percentages of GFP(+)/β-tubulin(+) double-positive cells in E16, P1, and P21 were 11.76%, 7.62%, and 4.88%, respectively. The differentiation rates of MSCs in embryonic spinal cords were significantly higher than in postnatal spinal cords (p < 0.05). We found that the transplanted MSCs expressed synapsin-1 at different developmental stages. After MSC transplantation, we observed that neurotrophic factor-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), FGF-8, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) significantly increased in the MSC transplantation group compared with the blank injection group. Furthermore, FGF-2 and VEGF expression were positively correlated with the number of surviving MSCs. In addition, we found that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, FGF-8, TGF-β, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) decreased with age, and the expression of FGF-2, FGF-10, FGF-20, TGF-α, and PDGF increased with age. Our data suggest that the embryonic spinal cord niche is more conducive to MSC differentiation after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marfia G, Navone SE, Di Vito C, Ughi N, Tabano S, Miozzo M, Tremolada C, Bolla G, Crotti C, Ingegnoli F, Rampini P, Riboni L, Gualtierotti R, Campanella R. Mesenchymal stem cells: potential for therapy and treatment of chronic non-healing skin wounds. Organogenesis 2015; 11:183-206. [PMID: 26652928 PMCID: PMC4879897 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1126018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process including overlapping phases (hemostatic/inflammatory, proliferating and remodeling phases). Every alteration in this mechanism might lead to pathological conditions of different medical relevance. Treatments for chronic non-healing wounds are expensive because reiterative treatments are needed. Regenerative medicine and in particular mesenchymal stem cells approach is emerging as new potential clinical application in wound healing. In the past decades, advance in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing process has led to extensive topical administration of growth factors as part of wound care. Currently, no definitive treatment is available and the research on optimal wound care depends upon the efficacy and cost-benefit of emerging therapies. Here we provide an overview on the novel approaches through stem cell therapy to improve cutaneous wound healing, with a focus on diabetic wounds and Systemic Sclerosis-associated ulcers, which are particularly challenging. Current and future treatment approaches are discussed with an emphasis on recent advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marfia
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- University of Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; LITA-Segrate; Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ughi
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Division of Pathology; Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Division of Pathology; Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Bolla
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rampini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riboni
- University of Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; LITA-Segrate; Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wittwer T, Rahmanian P, Choi YH, Zeriouh M, Karavidic S, Neef K, Christmann A, Piatkowski T, Schnapper A, Ochs M, Mühlfeld C, Wahlers T. Mesenchymal stem cell pretreatment of non-heart-beating-donors in experimental lung transplantation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 9:151. [PMID: 25179441 PMCID: PMC4169637 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-014-0151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung transplantation (LTx) is still limited by organ shortage. To expand the donor pool, lung retrieval from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) was introduced into clinical practice recently. However, primary graft dysfunction with inactivation of endogenous surfactant due to ischemia/reperfusion-injury is a major cause of early mortality. Furthermore, donor-derived human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) expansion and fibrotic differentiation in the allograft results in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a leading cause of post-LTx long-term mortality. Therefore, pretreatment of NHBD with recipient-specific bone-marrow-(BM)-derived hMSC might have the potential to both improve the postischemic allograft function and influence the long-term development of BOS by the numerous paracrine, immunomodulating and tissue-remodeling properties especially on type-II-pneumocytes of hMSC. Methods Asystolic pigs (n = 5/group) were ventilated for 3 h of warm ischemia (groups 2–4). 50x106 mesenchymal-stem-cells (MSC) were administered in the pulmonary artery (group 3) or nebulized endobronchially (group 4) before lung preservation. Following left-lung-transplantation, grafts were reperfused, pulmonary-vascular-resistance (PVR), oxygenation and dynamic-lung-compliance (DLC) were monitored and compared to control-lungs (group 2) and sham-controls (group 1). To prove and localize hMSC in the lung, cryosections were counter-stained. Intra-alveolar edema was determined stereologically. Statistics comprised ANOVA with repeated measurements. Results Oxygenation (p = 0.001) and PVR (p = 0.009) following endovascular application of hMSC were significantly inferior compared to Sham controls, whereas DLC was significantly higher in endobronchially pretreated lungs (p = 0.045) with overall sham-comparable outcome regarding oxygenation and PVR. Stereology revealed low intrapulmonary edema in all groups (p > 0.05). In cryosections of both unreperfused and reperfused grafts, hMSC were localized in vessels of alveolar septa (endovascular application) and alveolar lumen (endobronchial application), respectively. Conclusions Preischemic deposition of hMSC in donor lungs is feasible and effective, and endobronchial application is associated with significantly better DLC as compared to sham controls. In contrast, transvascular hMSC delivery results in inferior oxygenation and PVR. In the long term perspective, due to immunomodulatory, paracrine and tissue-remodeling effects on epithelial and endothelial restitution, an endobronchial NHBD allograft-pretreatment with autologous mesenchymal-stem-cells to attenuate limiting bronchiolitis-obliterans-syndrome in the long-term perspective might be promising in clinical lung transplantation. Subsequent work with chronic experiments is initiated to further elucidate this important field. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13019-014-0151-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Wittwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 61, Cologne, 50924, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
TNFα and IL-1β influence the differentiation and migration of murine MSCs independently of the NF-κB pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:104. [PMID: 25163844 PMCID: PMC4177434 DOI: 10.1186/scrt492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to repair and regenerate tissue, home to sites of inflammation, and evade the host immune system. As such, they represent an attractive therapy for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, results from in vivo murine studies in inflammatory arthritis have been conflicting, and this may be due to the genetic background of the MSCs used. It is known that the inflammatory milieu may influence properties of MSCs and that, in the case of human bone marrow-derived MSCs, this may be mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. We sought to determine whether pro-inflammatory cytokines altered the differentiation and migration capacity of murine MSCs from different mouse strains and whether this was mediated by NF-κB. METHODS The differentiation and migration of FVB and BALB/c MSCs were carried out in the presence of varying concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1β, and the NF-κB pathway was inhibited in one of two ways: either by transduction of MSCs with an adenoviral vector expressing a super-repressor of NF-κB or by the addition of curcumin to culture media. RESULTS Both BALB/c and FVB MSCs were sensitive to the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. TNFα and IL-1β suppressed BALB/c osteogenesis and adipogenesis and FVB osteogenesis. The migration of both cell types toward media containing fetal bovine serum was augmented by pre-stimulation with either cytokine. In neither cell type were the cytokine effects reversed by abrogation of the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS These data show that murine MSCs from different genetic backgrounds may be influenced by an inflammatory milieu in a manner that is not mediated by NF-κB, as is the case for human MSCs. This is not mediated by NF-κB. These findings are important and should influence how in vivo trials of murine MSCs are interpreted and the future development of pre-clinical studies in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hou Y, Ryu CH, Jun JA, Kim SM, Jeong CH, Jeun SS. IL-8 enhances the angiogenic potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by increasing vascular endothelial growth factor. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1050-9. [PMID: 24797366 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mediated partly by the paracrine production of cytoprotective and trophic factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is released from MSCs as a paracrine trophic factor and contributes to the therapeutic effects of the stem cell by regulating angiogenesis and promoting revascularization in injured tissues. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), an inflammatory chemokine with potent proangiogenic properties, is upregulated in the ischemic brain and has been shown to promote homing of bone marrow-derived cells to injured sites. However, the effect of IL-8 on MSCs paracrine function remains unknown. We found that IL-8 induced VEGF production and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. Both effects could be blocked by inhibitors (LY294002, PD098059) or siRNA-mediated silencing of Akt and ERK in human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs). IL-8-induced VEGF production in hBM-MSCs significantly increased tube formation on Matrigel compared with basal secreted VEGF. In a rat stroke model, administration of IL-8-treated hBM-MSCs decreased the infarction volume and increased angiogenesis in the ischemic boundary zone compared with hBM-MSC treatment alone. In conclusion, IL-8 stimulates VEGF production in hBM-MSCs in part via the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathways and that administration of IL-8-treated hBM-MSCs increases angiogenesis after stroke. This approach may be used to optimize MSC-based therapies for numerous diseases including stroke, myocardial ischemia, and spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hou
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang CM, Guo Z, Xie YJ, Hao YY, Sun JM, Gu J, Wang AL. Co-treating mesenchymal stem cells with IL‑1β and TNF-α increases VCAM-1 expression and improves post-ischemic myocardial function. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:792-8. [PMID: 24840001 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators are released by the myocardium following myocardial ischemia as a response to tissue injury, and contribute to cardiac repair and adaptive responses. Treating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with various inflammatory factors activates a series of biological processes that enhance cell-mediated cardioprotection following myocardial infarction (MI). The present study was designed to examine the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treatment on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in MSCs, and to identify whether cytokine-treated MSCs improve post-ischemic myocardial function in a rat model. MSCs were stimulated with IL-1β and/or TNF-α for 24 h, the production of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the adhesion ability of MSCs were assessed by flow cytometry, adhesion assays, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The cardiac function was examined by two-dimensional echocardiography. The results demonstrated that in treated MSCs, the secretion of VCAM-1 and the cell adhesion ability were significantly increased, thus markedly improving cardiac function compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). Of all the groups, the rats stimulated with a combination of IL-1β and TNF-α exhibited the greatest cardiac improvements. However, there was no significant difference between the 10 and 20 ng/ml groups which were stimulated with one of the cytokines alone (P>0.05). In conclusion, stimulating MSCs with IL-1β and TNF-α promoted the expression of VCAM-1 and improved post-ischemic cardiac function recovery. Treating MSCs with two cytokines in combination may be a useful method to maximize the potential of cell-based therapy for MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Miao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Jing Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yu Hao
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Min Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kavanagh DPJ, Robinson J, Kalia N. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Priming: Fine-tuning Adhesion and Function. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:587-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
22
|
Laverdet B, Micallef L, Lebreton C, Mollard J, Lataillade JJ, Coulomb B, Desmoulière A. Use of mesenchymal stem cells for cutaneous repair and skin substitute elaboration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:108-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
23
|
Hong IS, Lee HY, Kang KS. Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer: friends or enemies? Mutat Res 2014; 768:98-106. [PMID: 24512984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to migrate and engraft into tumor sites and exert stimulatory effects on cancer cell growth, invasion and even metastasis through direct and/or indirect interaction with tumor cells. However, these pro-tumorigenic effects of MSCs are still being discovered and may even involve opposing effects. MSCs can be friends or enemies of cancer cells: they may stimulate tumor development by regulating immune surveillance, growth, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, they may inhibit tumor growth by inhibiting survival signaling such as Wnt and Akt pathway. MSCs have also been proposed as an attractive candidate for the delivery of anti-tumor agents, owing to their ability to home into tumor sites and to secrete cytokines. Detailed information about the mutual interactions between tumor cells and MSCs will undoubtedly lead to safer and more effective clinical therapy for tumors. In this article, we summarize a number of findings to provide current information on the potential roles of MSCs in tumor development; we then discuss the therapeutic potential of engineered MSCs to reveal any meaningful clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Industry-academic cooperation foundation, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li H, Miao J, Zhao G, Wu D, Liu B, Wei X, Cao S, Gu H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Fan Y, Yuan Z. Different expression patterns of growth factors in rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta after in utero mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation. Cytotherapy 2013; 16:319-30. [PMID: 24364908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS In a previous study, we successfully devised a prenatal surgical approach and transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to fetal rat spinal column to treat retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects in rat. Our results show that MSCs survived, migrated and differentiated into neural lineage cells. We intended to study various growth factor expressions in rat fetal spinal cords with spina bifida aperta after in utero MSC transplantation and the effect of in vivo growth factor introduction for prenatal spina bifida treatment. METHODS Pregnant rats were treated with retinoic acid on embryonic day 10 and then received fetal surgery for MSC transplantation and/or lentiviral epidermal growth factor (EGF) injection on embryonic day 16; various growth factor expression in spinal cords from embryonic day 20 fetuses were analyzed by means of quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling analysis was performed to observe spinal tissue apoptosis. RESULTS Growth factor expression was dysregulated in spinal cords with spina bifida. After MSC transplantation, we observed significantly increased expression of EGF, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-8, FGF-2 and FGF-20 in the MSC transplantation group compared with blank injection; Furthermore, EGF expression positively correlated with surviving MSC amounts. Expression of other growth factors was not significantly different. In vivo EGF introduction reduced spinal tissue apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that intrinsic EGF and FGF-2, FGF-8 and FGF-20 might affect the in vivo fate of transplanted MSCs in a fetal rat spina bifida model. In vivo EGF introduction together with MSC transplantation might serve as a new strategy for prenatal spina bifida treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Songying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nuschke A. Activity of mesenchymal stem cells in therapies for chronic skin wound healing. Organogenesis 2013; 10:29-37. [PMID: 24322872 DOI: 10.4161/org.27405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic or non-healing skin wounds present an ongoing challenge in advanced wound care, particularly as the number of patients increases while technology aimed at stimulating wound healing in these cases remains inefficient. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proved to be an attractive cell type for various cell therapies due to their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages, multiple donor tissue types, and relative resilience in ex-vivo expansion, as well as immunomodulatory effects during transplants. More recently, these cells have been targeted for use in strategies to improve chronic wound healing in patients with diabetic ulcers or other stasis wounds. Here, we outline several mechanisms by which MSCs can improve healing outcomes in these cases, including reducing tissue inflammation, inducing angiogenesis in the wound bed, and reducing scarring following the repair process. Approaches to extend MSC life span in implant sites are also examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Nuschke
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chi Y, Jin Y, He Z, Yu T. Detection of cytokines in supernatant from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 15:397-402. [PMID: 24146301 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-013-9404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the significance of cytokine expression in supernatant from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs) co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from normal human umbilical cord blood and then cultured solely or co-cultured with MSCs or EPCs. Changes in the number of MNCs and HSCs/HPCs were observed, and MNC proliferation was tested by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester. The cultured supernatants of the treated MSCs and EPCs were collected at 24 h after co-culture and used to determine the concentrations of IL-3, IL-6, stem cell factor (SCF), TPO, Flt3l, and VEGF. The total number and proliferation of MNCs increased significantly when co-cultured with MSCs or EPCs than when cultured alone, particularly when MNCs were co-cultured with EPCs. The differences in IL-3 and Flt3l concentrations between groups were not significant. However, IL-6 in the MSC group was significantly higher than that in the two other groups. The SCF and TPO concentrations were highly expressed in the EPC group. The VEGF concentrations in the MSC group and the EPC group were higher than those in the control group. These results indicated that MSCs and EPCs possibly favor the proliferation of MNCs and HSCs/HPCs. IL-6 and VEGF may be related to hematopoietic reconstitution and homing ability of HSCs/HPCs. TPO may have a specific relationship with the promotion of HSCs/HPCs differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chi
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vanden Berg-Foels WS. In situ tissue regeneration: chemoattractants for endogenous stem cell recruitment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:28-39. [PMID: 23678952 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering uses cells, signaling molecules, and/or biomaterials to regenerate injured or diseased tissues. Ex vivo expanded mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have long been a cornerstone of regeneration therapies; however, drawbacks that include altered signaling responses and reduced homing capacity have prompted investigation of regeneration based on endogenous MSC recruitment. Recent successful proof-of-concept studies have further motivated endogenous MSC recruitment-based approaches. Stem cell migration is required for morphogenesis and organogenesis during development and for tissue maintenance and injury repair in adults. A biomimetic approach to in situ tissue regeneration by endogenous MSC requires the orchestration of three main stages: MSC recruitment, MSC differentiation, and neotissue maturation. The first stage must result in recruitment of a sufficient number of MSC, capable of effecting regeneration, to the injured or diseased tissue. One of the challenges for engineering endogenous MSC recruitment is the selection of effective chemoattractant(s). The objective of this review is to synthesize and evaluate evidence of recruitment efficacy by reported chemoattractants, including growth factors, chemokines, and other more recently appreciated MSC chemoattractants. The influence of MSC tissue sources, cell culture methods, and the in vitro and in vivo environments is discussed. This growing body of knowledge will serve as a basis for the rational design of regenerative therapies based on endogenous MSC recruitment. Successful endogenous MSC recruitment is the first step of successful tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wei H, Wang F, Wang X, Yang J, Li Z, Cong X, Chen X. Lysophosphatidic acid promotes secretion of VEGF by increasing expression of 150-kD Oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150) in mesenchymal stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1426-34. [PMID: 23707263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that transplantation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) treated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhances capillary density in the myocardium and improves myocardial function in the ischemic heart. This effect may be mediated through the release of paracrine factors by MSC and potentially involves pro-angiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, we examined the pharmacological and molecular regulation of VEGF secretion induced by LPA in rat MSCs. We showed that LPA stimulated VEGF secretion in MSCs but not in cardiomyocytes or cardiac fibroblasts. LPA-induced VEGF secretion occurred at the post-transcriptional levels and was mediated through the classical ER/Golgi-dependent protein secretory route. LPA also increased ORP150 protein expression. Inhibition of ORP150 upregulation by siRNA knockdown attenuated LPA-induced VEGF secretion. On the other hand, diazoxide, an activator of KATP channel, markedly inhibited LPA-induced ORP150 expression and VEGF secretion. Meanwhile, ATP concentration dependently increased VEGF secretion. In addition, l-Glutamate and NH4Cl significantly reduced VEGF secretion. Furthermore, inhibition of two major subtypes of LPA receptors by Ki16425 and specific siRNA for LPA receptors prevented LPA-induced VEGF secretion and ORP150 expression. Lastly, inhibition of Gi protein that couples with LPA receptors by PTX and siRNA knockdown had no effect on LPA-induced VEGF secretion. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that LPA promotes VEGF secretion at the post-translation level by up-regulating ORP150 expression. Both LPA1 and LPA3 are involved in the LPA-induced VEGF secretion that is independent of Gi protein coupling but associated with the inactivation of KATP channels and inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kerpedjieva SS, Kim DS, Barbeau DJ, Tamama K. EGFR ligands drive multipotential stromal cells to produce multiple growth factors and cytokines via early growth response-1. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2541-51. [PMID: 22316125 PMCID: PMC3424970 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy with adult bone marrow multipotential stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) presents a promising approach to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. The strong paracrine capability of various growth factors and cytokines is a key mechanism of MSC-mediated wound healing and tissue regeneration, and the goal of this study is to understand the underlying mechanism that supports the strong paracrine machineries in MSCs. Microarray database analyses revealed that early growth response-1 (EGR1) is highly expressed in MSCs. Our previous studies showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment induces growth factor production in MSCs in vitro. Since EGF strongly upregulates EGR1, we hypothesized that EGF receptor (EGFR)-EGR1 signaling plays a pivotal role in MSC paracrine activity. EGF treatment upregulated the gene expression of growth factors and cytokines, including EGFR ligands in a protein kinase C (PKC)- and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-dependent manner, and it was reversed by shRNA against EGR1. PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate enhanced EGFR tyrosyl phosphorylation and upregulated the gene expression of growth factors and cytokines in a heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) inhibitor CRM197 sensitive manner, indicating an involvement of autocrined HBEGF in the downstream of PKC signaling. Moreover, stimulation with growth factors and cytokines induced the expression of EGFR ligands, presumably via EGR1 upregulation. These data indicate EGR1 as a convergence point of multiple signaling pathways, which in turn augments the production of multiple growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the autocrine signaling with EGFR ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Duk Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dominique J. Barbeau
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenichi Tamama
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim JY, Jeon TJ, Bae BN, Kwon JE, Kim HJ, Park K, Shin E. The prognostic significance of growth factors and growth factor receptors in gastric adenocarcinoma. APMIS 2012; 121:95-104. [PMID: 23030255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated growth factors/receptors expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-D, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, VEGFR-3, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β1, and TGF-β-RII in tissue microarrays of adenocarcinoma, dysplasia, metaplasia, and gastritis. In adenocarcinoma, the expression rates of EGFR, VEGF, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, TGF-α, TGF-β1, and TGF-β-RII were 2.0%, 0%, 10.7%, 4.4%, 11.2%, 26.3%, 9.4%, and 19.5%, respectively. VEGF-D, TGF-α, TGF-β1, and TGF-β-RII expression rate were higher in adenocarcinoma than in other groups. TGF-β-RII expression was correlated with VEGFR-3, VEGF-D, and TGF-α expression in adenocarcinomas. Tumor location, histologic type, stage, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, angioinvasion, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-2 expressions were associated with patient survival in a log rank test and advanced stage and positive expression of VEGF-D were poor prognostic factors using Cox analysis. VEGF-D expression may be of prognostic value in gastric adenocarcinoma, whereas EGFR and TGF family expression may only have a minor influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang P, Cai Y, Soofi A, Dressler GR. Activation of Wnt11 by transforming growth factor-β drives mesenchymal gene expression through non-canonical Wnt protein signaling in renal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21290-302. [PMID: 22556418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.357202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β) promotes renal interstitial fibrosis in vivo and the expression of mesenchymal genes in vitro; however, most of its direct targets in epithelial cells are still elusive. In a screen for genes directly activated by TGF-β, we found that components of the Wnt signaling pathway, especially Wnt11, were targets of activation by TGF-β and Smad3 in primary renal epithelial cells. In gain and loss of function experiments, Wnt11 mediated the actions of TGF-β through enhanced activation of mesenchymal marker genes, such as Zeb1, Snail1, Pai1, and αSMA, without affecting Smad3 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Wnt11 by receptor knockdown or treatment with Wnt inhibitors limited the effects of TGF-β on gene expression. We found no evidence that Wnt11 activated the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in renal epithelial cells; rather, the function of Wnt11 was mediated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Consistent with the in vitro results, all the TGF-β, Wnt11, and JNK targets were activated in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of renal fibrosis in vivo. Our findings demonstrated cooperativity among the TGF-β, Wnt11, and JNK signaling pathways and suggest new targets for anti-fibrotic therapy in renal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Herrmann JL, Fiege JW, Abarbanell AM, Weil BR, Wang Y, Poynter JA, Manukyan MC, Brewster BD, Meldrum DR. TGF-α equalizes age disparities in stem cell-mediated cardioprotection. J Surg Res 2012; 176:386-94. [PMID: 22316665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal mesenchymal stem cells exhibit less cardioprotective potential than their adult counterparts. Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) has been shown to stimulate adult stem cell VEGF production, however, it remains unknown whether it may augment neonatal stem cell paracrine function. We hypothesized that TGF-α would equalize adult and neonatal stem cell paracrine function and cardioprotection during acute ischemia/reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adult and 2.5 wk-old mice were treated with TGF-α (250 ng/mL) for 24 h. VEGF, HGF, IGF-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 production were measure in vitro, and cells were infused via an intracoronary route using a model of isolated heart perfusion. RESULTS TGF-α equalized adult and neonatal stem cell VEGF production but did not affect production of HGF, IGF-1, IL-1β, or IL-6. ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK phosphorylation were greater in adult cells in response to TGF-α. Whereas infusion of adult but not neonatal stem cells was associated with improved myocardial functional recovery during reperfusion, infusions of either TGF-α-pretreated cell group were associated with the greatest functional recovery. TGF-α equalizes adult and neonatal mesenchymal stem cell VEGF production and cardioprotection in association with differential regulation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Herrmann
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Transforming Growth Factor-α Enhances Stem Cell-Mediated Postischemic Myocardial Protection. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92:1719-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Herrmann JL, Weil BR, Abarbanell AM, Wang Y, Poynter JA, Manukyan MC, Meldrum DR. IL-6 and TGF-α costimulate mesenchymal stem cell vascular endothelial growth factor production by ERK-, JNK-, and PI3K-mediated mechanisms. Shock 2011; 35:512-6. [PMID: 21263382 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31820b2fb9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protect ischemic tissues in part through paracrine growth factor production. IL-6, which is upregulated in the heart during ischemia, has been shown to enhance stem cell proliferation and migration. The effect of IL-6 on MSC paracrine function, however, remains unknown. In addition, TGF-α increases MSC vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and may share downstream signaling pathways with IL-6 involving ERK, JNK, and PI3K. We hypothesize that cotreatment with IL-6 and TGF-α will result in greater MSC VEGF production than by either treatment alone via these signaling pathways. Murine MSCs were treated with IL-6 (0.05 ng/mL) with or without TGF-α (250 ng/mL) and in combination with inhibitors of ERKI/II, JNK, and PI3K for 24 h. Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in the supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and PI3K was measured using Western blot analysis. IL-6 increased MSC VEGF production at a dose of 0.05 ng/mL, and the combination of IL-6 and TGF-α (250 ng/mL) increased VEGF production to a greater extent than IL-6 or TGF-α alone. IL-6 induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and PI3K, and inhibition of each suppressed IL-6-induced VEGF production. TGF-α cotreatment overcame VEGF suppression after ERK2 inhibition but not ERK1, JNK, or PI3K. These data suggest that IL-6 stimulates MSC VEGF production alone and additively with TGF-α via ERK-, JNK-, and PI3K-mediated mechanisms. IL-6 and TGF-α cotreatment may be a useful strategy for enhancing MSC VEGF production and cardioprotection during myocardial ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Herrmann
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Manukyan MC, Keck AC, Poynter JA, Wang Y, Weil BR, Abarbanell AM, Herrmann JL, Crowe BJ, Alvernaz C, Meldrum DR. Transforming growth factor-alpha does not protect myocardium during acute ischemia/reperfusion. Surgery 2011; 150:339-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
36
|
De Luca A, Gallo M, Aldinucci D, Ribatti D, Lamura L, D'Alessio A, De Filippi R, Pinto A, Normanno N. Role of the EGFR ligand/receptor system in the secretion of angiogenic factors in mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2131-8. [PMID: 21520065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited into the stroma of developing tumors where they contribute to cancer progression. MSCs produce different growth factors that sustain tumor-associated neo-angiogenesis. Since the majority of carcinomas secrete ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we assessed the role of EGFR signaling in regulating the release of angiogenic factors in MSCs. Treatment of human primary MSCs and of the human osteoblastic cell line hFOB with transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), one of the main ligands of the EGFR, significantly induced activation of this receptor and of different intracellular signaling proteins, including the PI3K/AKT and the MEK/MAPK pathways. TGF-α induced a significant increase in the levels of secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in both MSCs and hFOB. Conditioned medium from TGF-α treated MSCs showed an higher in vivo angiogenic effect as compared with medium from untreated cells. Treatment of MSCs with TGF-α also produced a significant increase in the secretion of other angiogenic growth factors such as angiopoietin-2, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Using selective MEK and PI3K inhibitors, we found that both MEK/MAPK and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways mediate the ability of TGF-α to induce secretion of angiogenic factors in MSCs. Finally, stimulation with TGF-α increased the ability of MSCs to induce migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These data suggest that EGFR signaling regulates the ability of MSCs to sustain cancer progression through the release of growth factors that promote neo-angiogenesis and tumor cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, INT-Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu Y, Han ZP, Zhang SS, Jing YY, Bu XX, Wang CY, Sun K, Jiang GC, Zhao X, Li R, Gao L, Zhao QD, Wu MC, Wei LX. Effects of inflammatory factors on mesenchymal stem cells and their role in the promotion of tumor angiogenesis in colon cancer. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25007-15. [PMID: 21592963 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.213108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are modulated by cytokines present in the tumor microenvironment, play an important role in tumor progression. It is well documented that inflammation is an important part of the tumor microenvironment, so we investigated whether stimulation of MSCs by inflammatory cytokines would contribute to their ability to promote tumor growth. We first showed that MSCs could increase C26 colon cancer growth in mice. This growth-promoting effect was further accelerated when the MSCs were pre-stimulated by inflammatory factors IFN-γ and TNF-α. At the same time, we demonstrated that MSCs pre-stimulated by both inflammatory factors could promote tumor angiogenesis in vivo to a greater degree than untreated MSCs or MSCs pre-stimulated by either IFN-γ or TNF-α alone. A hen egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay showed that treatment of MSC-conditioned medium can promote chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis in vitro, especially treatment with conditioned medium of MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ and TNF-α together. This mechanism of promoting angiogenesis appears to take place via an increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which itself takes place through an increase in signaling in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent pathway. Inhibition of HIF-1α in MSCs by siRNA was found to effectively reduce the ability of MSC to affect the growth of colon cancer in vivo in the inflammatory microenviroment. These results indicate that MSCs stimulated by inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α in the tumor microenvironment express higher levels of VEGF via the HIF-1α signaling pathway and that these MSCs then enhance tumor angiogenesis, finally leading to colon cancer growth in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Poynter JA, Herrmann JL, Manukyan MC, Wang Y, Abarbanell AM, Weil BR, Brewster BD, Meldrum DR. Intracoronary mesenchymal stem cells promote postischemic myocardial functional recovery, decrease inflammation, and reduce apoptosis via a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 mechanism. J Am Coll Surg 2011; 213:253-60. [PMID: 21546276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates myocardial apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and the immune response after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). STAT3 is also necessary for the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are known to reduce myocardial injury after I/R. However, it remains unknown whether STAT3 is an important mediator of MSC-based cardioprotection. We hypothesized that knockout of stem cell STAT3 would reduce MSC-derived myocardial functional recovery and increase myocardial inflammatory and apoptotic signaling. STUDY DESIGN With a Langendorff apparatus, male rat hearts were subjected to 15 minutes of equilibration and 25 minutes of ischemia, followed by 40 minutes of reperfusion. Immediately before ischemia, hearts received intracoronary infusions of vehicle, wild-type MSCs (WT MSCs) or STAT3 knockout MSCs (STAT3KO MSCs). Heart function was measured continuously. Myocardial homogenates were analyzed for production of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Additionally, MSC production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured in vitro. RESULTS Hearts treated with WT MSCs exhibited the greatest functional recovery, and those treated with STAT3KO MSCs had equivalent recovery to vehicle. The highest proinflammatory cytokine levels were seen in vehicle-treated hearts, and the lowest in the WT MSC group. STAT3KO MSCs produced less IGF-1, but more HGF than WT MSCs. Finally, hearts treated with STAT3KO MSCs or vehicle had significantly higher caspase-3 levels than those treated with WT MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Intracoronary infusions of MSCs improve postischemic left ventricular function and reduce proapoptotic and proinflammatory signaling via a STAT3-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Poynter
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Choi YH, Kurtz A, Stamm C. Mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac cell therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:3-17. [PMID: 21062128 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite refinements of medical and surgical therapies, heart failure remains a fatal disease. Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of heart failure, and only palliative measures are available to relieve symptoms and prolong the patient's life span. Because mammalian cardiomyocytes irreversibly exit the cell cycle at about the time of birth, the heart has traditionally been considered to lack any regenerative capacity. This paradigm, however, is currently shifting, and the cellular composition of the myocardium is being targeted by various regeneration strategies. Adult progenitor and stem cell treatment of diseased human myocardium has been carried out for more than 10 years (Menasche et al., 2001; Stamm et al., 2003), and it has become clear that, in humans, the regenerative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, despite potent proangiogenic effects, is limited (Stamm et al., 2009). More recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and related cell types are being evaluated in preclinical models of heart disease as well as in clinical trials (see Published Clinical Trials, below). MSCs have the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into lineages that normally originate from the embryonic mesenchyme (connective tissues, blood vessels, blood-related organs) (Caplan, 1991; Prockop, 1997; Pittenger et al., 1999). The current definition of MSCs includes plastic adherence in cell culture, specific surface antigen expression (CD105(+)/CD90(+)/CD73(+), CD34(-)/CD45(-)/CD11b(-) or CD14(-)/CD19(-) or CD79α(-)/HLA-DR1(-)), and multilineage in vitro differentiation potential (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic) (Dominici et al., 2006 ). If those criteria are not met completely, the term "mesenchymal stromal cells" should be used for marrow-derived adherent cells, or other terms for MSC-like cells of different origin. For the purpose of this review, MSCs and related cells are discussed in general, and cell type-specific properties are indicated when appropriate. We first summarize the preclinical data on MSCs in models of heart disease, and then appraise the clinical experience with MSCs for cardiac cell therapy.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhen G, Xue Z, Zhao J, Gu N, Tang Z, Xu Y, Zhang Z. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation increases expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in papain-induced emphysematous lungs and inhibits apoptosis of lung cells. Cytotherapy 2011; 12:605-14. [PMID: 20429787 DOI: 10.3109/14653241003745888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary emphysema is characterized by loss of alveolar structures. We have found that bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation ameliorates papain-induced pulmonary emphysema. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. It has been shown that blocking the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway leads to apoptosis of lung cells and pulmonary emphysema, and MSC are capable of secreting VEGF. We hypothesized that MSC transplantation may have a protective effect on pulmonary emphysema by increasing VEGF-A expression and inhibiting apoptosis of lung cells. METHODS We examined the morphology and expression of VEGF-A in rat lung after papain treatment and MSC transplantation. We also used a co-culture system in which MSC and cells prepared from papain-treated lungs or control lungs were cultured together. The levels of VEGF-A in cells and culture medium were determined, and apoptosis of cultured lung cells was evaluated. RESULTS VEGF-A expression in rat lungs was decreased after papain treatment, which was partly rescued by MSC transplantation. MSC production of VEGF-A was increased when MSC were co-cultured with cells prepared from papain-treated lungs. Furthermore, the apoptosis of papain-treated lung cells was inhibited when co-cultured with MSC. The induction of MSC production of VEGF-A by papain-treated lung cells was inhibited by adding anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antibody to the medium. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of MSC transplantation on pulmonary emphysema may be partly mediated by increasing VEGF-A expression and inhibiting the apoptosis of lung cells. TNF-alpha released from papain-treated lung cells induces MSC to secret VEGF-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhen
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Abarbanell AM, Herrmann JL, Weil BR, Manukyan MC, Poynter JA, Meldrum DR. TLR4 inhibits mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) STAT3 activation and thereby exerts deleterious effects on MSC-mediated cardioprotection. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14206. [PMID: 21151968 PMCID: PMC2997048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) improve myocardial recovery after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. These effects are mediated in part by the paracrine secretion of angiogenic and tissue growth-promoting factors. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed by MSC and induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in neuronal progenitors as well as many other cell types. It is unknown whether knock-out (KO) of TLR4 will change the paracrine properties of MSC and in turn improve MSC-associated myocardial protection. Methodology/Principal Findings This study explored the effect of MSC TLR4 on the secretion of angiogenic factors and chemokines in vitro by using ELISA and cytokine array assays and investigated the role of TLR4 on MSC-mediated myocardial recovery after I/R injury in an isolated rat heart model. We observed that MSC isolated from TLR4 KO mice exhibited a greater degree of cardioprotection in a rat model of myocardial I/R injury. This enhanced protection was associated with increased angiogenic factor production, proliferation and differentiation. TLR4-dificiency was also associated with decreased phosphorylation of PI-3K and AKT, but increased activation of STAT3. siRNA targeting of STAT3 resulted in attenuation of the enhanced cardioprotection of TLR4-deficient MSC. Conclusions/Significance This study indicates that TLR4 exerts deleterious effects on MSC-derived cardioprotection following I/R by a STAT3 inhibitory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Abarbanell
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeremy L. Herrmann
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brent R. Weil
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mariuxi C. Manukyan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Poynter
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Meldrum
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Herrmann JL, Abarbanell AM, Weil BR, Manukyan MC, Poynter JA, Brewster BJ, Wang Y, Meldrum DR. Optimizing stem cell function for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. J Surg Res 2010; 166:138-45. [PMID: 20828719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-based therapies for myocardial ischemia have demonstrated promising early clinical results, but their benefits have been limited in duration due to impaired donor cell engraftment and function. Several strategies have emerged for enhancing stem cell function prior to their therapeutic use particularly with regard to stem cell homing, paracrine function, and survival. This review discusses current understandings of stem cell-mediated cardioprotection as well as methods of enhancing post-transplantation stem cell function and survival through hypoxic preconditioning, genetic manipulation, and pharmacologic pretreatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed using the MEDLINE and PubMed databases using the keywords "stem cell therapy," "myocardial ischemia," "hypoxic preconditioning," "paracrine function," and "stem cell pretreatment." Studies published in English since January 1990 were selected. In addition, studies were identified from references cited in publications found using the search terms. RESULTS All included studies utilized animal studies and/or in vitro techniques. Stem cell modifications generally targeted stem cell homing (SDF-1, CXCR4), paracrine function (VEGF, angiogenin, Ang-1, HGF, IL-18 binding protein, TNFR1/2), or survival (Akt, Bcl-2, Hsp20, HO-1, FGF-2). However, individual modifications commonly exhibited pleiotropic effects involving some or all of these general categories. CONCLUSION These strategies for optimizing stem cell-mediated cardioprotection present unique potential sets of advantages and disadvantages for clinical application. Additional questions remain including those that are most efficacious in terms of magnitude and duration of benefit as well as whether combinations may yield greater benefits in both the preclinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Herrmann
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Herrmann JL, Abarbanell AM, Weil BR, Wang Y, Poynter JA, Manukyan MC, Meldrum DR. Postinfarct intramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with TGF-alpha improves acute myocardial function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R371-8. [PMID: 20484699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00084.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies offer promising potential for myocardial infarction (MI), but endogenous molecules released in response to injury likely impair posttransplantation stem cell function. Stem cell-mediated cardioprotection occurs in part via paracrine effects, and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) has been shown to enhance paracrine function. However, it is unknown whether pretreating stem cells with TGF-alpha increases stem cell-mediated cardioprotection after acute MI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were treated with TGF-alpha (250 ng/ml) for 24 h. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were isolated and perfused using the Langendorff method. MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Postligation (30 min), vehicle or 1 x 10(6) MSCs with or without pretreatment were injected in the infarct border zones, and the hearts were perfused for an additional 60 min. Left ventricular function was continuously measured, and infarct size was assessed with Evans blue dye and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Myocardial production of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 and caspase 3 activation was also measured. Left ventricular function decreased significantly following coronary artery ligation but improved following injection of untreated MSCs and to a greater extent after injection of pretreated MSCs. In addition, the infarct area, myocardial caspase 3 activation, and IL-6 production were lowest in hearts injected with pretreated cells. Intramyocardial injection of TGF-alpha-pretreated MSCs after acute MI is associated with increased myocardial function and decreased myocardial injury. This strategy may be useful for optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells for the treatment of acute MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Herrmann
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bergfeld SA, DeClerck YA. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:249-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
45
|
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for treating various diseases, especially those related to tissue damage involving immune reactions. Various studies have demonstrated that MSCs are strongly immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo. Our recent studies have shown that un-stimulated MSCs are indeed incapable of immunosuppression; they become potently immunosuppressive upon stimulation with the supernatant of activated lymphocytes, or with combinations of IFN-gamma with TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha or IL-1beta. This observation revealed that under certain circumstances, inflammatory cytokines can actually become immunosuppressive. We showed that there is a species variation in the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression: immunosuppression by cytokine-primed mouse MSCs is mediated by nitric oxide (NO), whereas immunosuppression by cytokine-primed human MSCs is executed through indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO). Additionally, upon stimulation with the inflammatory cytokines, both mouse and human MSCs secrete several leukocyte chemokines that apparently serve to attract immune cells into the proximity with MSCs, where NO or IDO is predicted to be most active. Therefore, immunosuppression by inflammatory cytokine-stimulated MSCs occurs via the concerted action of chemokines and immune-inhibitory NO or IDO produced by MSCs. Thus, our results provide novel information about the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression and for better application of MSCs in treating tissue injuries induced by immune responses.
Collapse
|
46
|
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment on multipotential stromal cells (MSCs). Possible enhancement of therapeutic potential of MSC. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:795385. [PMID: 20182548 PMCID: PMC2825653 DOI: 10.1155/2010/795385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult bone marrow multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. However, due to their low numbers upon harvesting, MSCs need to be expanded in vitro without biasing future differentiation for optimal utility. In this concept paper, we focus on the potential use of epidermal growth factor (EGF), prototypal growth factor for enhancing the harvesting and/or differentiation of MSCs. Soluble EGF was shown to augment MSC proliferation while preserving early progenitors within MSC population, and thus did not induce differentiation. However, tethered form of EGF was shown to promote osteogenic differentiation. Soluble EGF was also shown to increase paracrine secretions including VEGF and HGF from MSC. Thus, soluble EGF can be used not only to expand MSC in vitro, but also to enhance paracrine secretion through drug-releasing MSC-encapsulated scaffolds in vivo. Tethered EGF can also be utilized to direct MSC towards osteogenic lineage both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pérez A, Bellón JM, Gurbindo MD, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Impairment of stimulation ability of very-preterm neonatal monocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
48
|
Wang Y, Weil BR, Herrmann JL, Abarbanell AM, Tan J, Markel TA, Kelly ML, Meldrum DR. MEK, p38, and PI-3K mediate cross talk between EGFR and TNFR in enhancing hepatocyte growth factor production from human mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C1284-93. [PMID: 19692652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00183.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potent source of growth factors, which are partly responsible for their beneficial paracrine effects. We reported previously that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), a putative mediator of wound healing and the injury response, increases the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), augments tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated VEGF production, and activates mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) pathway in human MSCs. The experiments described in this report indicate that TGF-alpha increases MSC-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) production. TGF-alpha-stimulated HGF production was abolished by inhibition of MEK, p38, PI-3K, or by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), but was not attenuated by siRNA targeting TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Ablation of TNFR1 significantly increased basal and stimulated HGF. A potent synergy between TGF-alpha and TNF-alpha was noted in MSC HGF production. This synergistic effect was abolished by MEK, P38, PI-3K inhibition, or by ablation of both TNF receptors using siRNA. We conclude that 1) novel cross talk occurs between tumor necrosis factor receptor and TGF-alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor in stimulating MSC HGF production; 2) this cross talk is mediated, at least partially, via activation of MEK, p38, and PI-3K; 3) TGF-alpha stimulates MSCs to produce HGF by MEK, p38, PI-3K, and TNFR2-dependent mechanisms; and 4) TNFR1 acts to decrease basal TGF-alpha and TNF-alpha-stimulated HGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Departments of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang Y, Wang M, Abarbanell AM, Weil BR, Herrmann JL, Tan J, Novotny NM, Coffey AC, Meldrum DR. MEK mediates the novel cross talk between TNFR2 and TGF-EGFR in enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from human mesenchymal stem cells. Surgery 2009; 146:198-205. [PMID: 19628074 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may mediate their beneficial effects by paracrine mechanisms. Recently, we reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from human MSCs and augmented transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)-stimulated VEGF secretion. However, it is unknown whether TNF-alpha stimulates VEGF production via TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) or 2 (TNFR2) and the mechanism by which TNF-alpha augments TGF-alpha (a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) stimulated VEGF production. We hypothesized that the ablation of TNFR2 would decrease TNF-alpha-stimulated and/or TGF-alpha- stimulated VEGF production via MEK-dependent mechanisms. METHODS MSCs transfected with TNFR1, TNFR2, or GAPDH siRNA were stimulated with TNF-alpha and/or TGF-alpha for 24 h. VEGF levels in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A Western blot analysis was performed to measure the activation of MEK and ERK and the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2. RESULTS TNF-alpha or TGF-alpha increased VEGF secretion in cells transfected with GAPDH or TNFR1 siRNA. The combination of TNF-alpha and TGF-alpha increased VEGF production. TNF-alpha and/or TGF-alpha stimulation increased phospho-MEK and phospho-ERK in cells transfected with TNFR1 siRNA. Conversely, the effects of TNF-alpha and/or TGF-alpha on MSC VEGF production were significantly decreased, and MEK/ERK activation was negated in cells transfected TNFR2 siRNA. CONCLUSION TNFR2 plays a vital role in the effects of TNF-alpha and TGF-alpha on MSC VEGF production. The activation of MEK was implicated in this novel cross talk between TNFR2 and TGF-alpha-EGFR in regulating the production of VEGF in human MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Weil BR, Abarbanell AM, Herrmann JL, Wang Y, Meldrum DR. High glucose concentration in cell culture medium does not acutely affect human mesenchymal stem cell growth factor production or proliferation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R1735-43. [PMID: 19386985 PMCID: PMC2692791 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90876.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing the function and proliferative capacity of stem cells is essential to maximize their therapeutic benefits. High glucose concentrations are known to have detrimental effects on many cell types. We hypothesized that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured in high glucose-containing media would exhibit diminished proliferation and attenuated production of VEGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and FGF2 in response to treatment with TNF-alpha, LPS, or hypoxia. hMSCs were plated in medium containing low (5.5 mM) and high (20 mM or 30 mM) glucose concentrations and treated with TNF-alpha, LPS, or hypoxia. Supernatants were collected at 24 and 48 h and assayed via ELISA for VEGF, HGF, and FGF2. In addition, hMSCs were cultured on 96-well plates at the above glucose concentrations, and proliferation at 48 h was determined via bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) incorporation. At 24 and 48 h, TNF-alpha, LPS, and hypoxia-treated hMSCs produced significantly higher VEGF, HGF, and FGF2 compared with control. Hypoxia-induced VEGF production by hMSCs was the most pronounced change over baseline. At both 24 and 48 h, glucose concentration did not affect production of VEGF, HGF, or FGF2 by untreated hMSCs and those treated with TNF-alpha, LPS, or hypoxia. Proliferation of hMSCs as determined via BrdU incorporation was unaffected by glucose concentration of the media. Contrary to what has been observed with other cells, hMSCs may be resistant to the short-term effects of high glucose. Ongoing efforts to characterize and optimize ex vivo and in vivo conditions are critical if the therapeutic benefits of MSCs are to be maximized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent R Weil
- Clarian Cardiovascular Surgery and the Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|