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El-Dessouki AM, Alzokaky AA, Raslan NA, Ibrahim S, Salama LA, Yousef EH. Piracetam mitigates nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin via the AMPK-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK/JNK/ERK signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112511. [PMID: 38909496 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin (CDDP) is commonly employed as an antineoplastic agent, but its use is significantly limited by the occurrence of dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, the detailed mechanisms of which remain unclear. This research is aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of Piracetam (PIR)'s protective effects on nephrotoxicity resulting from CDDP exposure and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these effects. MAIN METHODS PIR was given in dosages of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight for a duration of 15 days; concurrently, on the last day, a single 10 mg/kg dose of CDDP was delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Forty-eight hours post-CDDP injection, the animals were sacrificed to assess nephrotoxicity. Blood samples and renal tissues were taken for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), caspase-9 and nuclear factor kappa b p65 (NF-κB p65) were assessed by immunohistochemistry method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was employed to determine cytochrome c (Cyt. c), Bcl-2-associated X-protein (BAX), caspase-3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in renal tissue homogenates. The mRNA levels of tumor protein P53 (TP53), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, histopathological evaluations of the renal tissues and the binding affinity of PIR to AMPK by molecular docking were also performed. KEY FINDINGS Pre-treatment with PIR enhanced renal function markers such as urea and creatinine, mitigated histological damage, and diminished inflammatory cell presence in renal tubules. PIR demonstrated antioxidant effects by reestablishing the equilibrium between pro-oxidants and antioxidants such as MPO, HO-1, Nrf2, as well as SOD. Furthermore, PIR inhibited the inflammatory pathways through the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, PIR counteracted the CDDP-induced decline in PI3K/Akt activity and hindered caspase-dependent apoptotic processes. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, PIR appears to be an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Consequently, PIR may serve as a complementary treatment alongside CDDP to alleviate nephrotoxicity associated with CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 12566, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Nahed A Raslan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Ataka, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Salama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Eman H Yousef
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
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2
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Lee HJ, Min L, Gao J, Matta S, Drel V, Saliba A, Tamayo I, Montellano R, Hejazi L, Maity S, Xu G, Grajeda BI, Roy S, Hallows KR, Choudhury GG, Kasinath BS, Sharma K. Female Protection Against Diabetic Kidney Disease Is Regulated by Kidney-Specific AMPK Activity. Diabetes 2024; 73:1167-1177. [PMID: 38656940 PMCID: PMC11189830 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Reduced kidney AMPK activity is associated with nutrient stress-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in male mice. In contrast, female mice resist nutrient stress-induced CKD. The role of kidney AMPK in sex-related organ protection against nutrient stress and metabolite changes was evaluated in diabetic kidney tubule-specific AMPKγ2KO (KTAMPKγ2ΚΟ) male and female mice. In wild-type (WT) males, diabetes increased albuminuria, urinary kidney injury molecule-1, hypertension, kidney p70S6K phosphorylation, and kidney matrix accumulation; these features were not exacerbated with KTAMPKγ2ΚΟ. Whereas WT females had protection against diabetes-induced kidney injury, KTAMPKγ2ΚΟ led to loss of female protection against kidney disease. The hormone 17β-estradiol ameliorated high glucose-induced AMPK inactivation, p70S6K phosphorylation, and matrix protein accumulation in kidney tubule cells. The mechanism for female protection against diabetes-induced kidney injury is likely via an estrogen-AMPK pathway, as inhibition of AMPK led to loss of estrogen protection to glucose-induced mTORC1 activation and matrix production. RNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis identified a decrease in the degradation pathway of phenylalanine and tyrosine resulting in increased urinary phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in females. The metabolite levels correlated with loss of female protection. The findings provide new insights to explain evolutionary advantages to females during states of nutrient challenges. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Joo Lee
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Liang Min
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jingli Gao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Shane Matta
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Viktor Drel
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Afaf Saliba
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ian Tamayo
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Richard Montellano
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Leila Hejazi
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Soumya Maity
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Guogang Xu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brian I. Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas, El Paso, TX
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas, El Paso, TX
| | - Kenneth R. Hallows
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Balakuntalam S. Kasinath
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
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3
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Du Q, Jiang T, Yuan Q, Bai Y, Lin D, Liu D. NMR-based metabolomic analysis of plasma from elderly patients with CVD before and after using contrast media. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30434. [PMID: 38737248 PMCID: PMC11088330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a growingly common kidney problem caused by medical procedures involving contrast media (CM), especially in older patients with existing health issues. It is crucial to pinpoint potential biomarkers for the early detection of CI-AKI. Previously, we observed that iodixanol affects glucose, choline, and glutathione metabolism in endothelial cells under laboratory conditions. In this study, we used 1H NMR-based metabolomics to examine the metabolic changes in the blood plasma of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) before and after receiving iodixanol. We identified altered metabolites in plasma 24 and 48 h after iodixanol injection compared to levels before injection. Notably, metabolites such as glucose, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), pyruvate, choline, and glycine showed potential as biomarkers at 24 h post-injection compared to levels before injection. Similarly, glucose, pyruvate, lactate, choline, and glycine in plasma could serve as potential biomarkers at 48 h post-injection. Iodixanol notably affected pathways related to glycolysis, fatty acid breakdown, and amino acid metabolism according to our metabolic pathway analysis. The altered levels of specific metabolites in plasma could be indicative of CM-induced kidney injury. Overall, this research aids in understanding the physiological mechanisms involved and in identifying early biomarkers and prevention strategies for CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Du
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
- Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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4
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Yang KJ, Park H, Chang YK, Park CW, Kim SY, Hong YA. Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition ameliorates high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial injury by activating AMPK through the purine salvage pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11167. [PMID: 38750091 PMCID: PMC11096301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) contributes to reactive oxygen species production. We investigated the cytoprotective mechanisms of XOR inhibition against high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular endothelial injury, which involves activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) exposed to HG were subjected to febuxostat treatment for 48 h and the expressions of AMPK and its associated signaling pathways were evaluated. HG-treated GECs were increased xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase levels and decreased intracellular AMP/ATP ratio, and these effects were reversed by febuxostat treatment. Febuxostat enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK, the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and PPAR-α and suppressed the phosphorylation of forkhead box O (FoxO)3a in HG-treated GECs. Febuxostat also decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)1, Nox2, and Nox4 expressions; enhanced superoxide dismutase activity; and decreased malondialdehyde levels in HG-treated GECs. The knockdown of AMPK inhibited PGC-1α-FoxO3a signaling and negated the antioxidant effects of febuxostat in HG-treated GECs. Despite febuxostat administration, the knockdown of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1) also inhibited AMPK-PGC-1α-FoxO3a in HG-treated GECs. XOR inhibition alleviates oxidative stress by activating AMPK-PGC-1α-FoxO3a signaling through the HPRT1-dependent purine salvage pathway in GECs exposed to HG conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ah Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Zhu X, Si F, Hao R, Zheng J, Zhang C. Nuciferine Protects against Obesity-Induced Nephrotoxicity through Its Hypolipidemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18769-18779. [PMID: 38006352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) could cause obesity, trigger lipid accumulation, and induce oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to kidney damage. This study aimed to elucidate the protective effects of nuciferine on HFD-caused nephrotoxicity and explore the underlying mechanisms in Kunming mice and palmitic acid-exposed HK-2 cells. In obese mice, nuciferine notably alleviated HFD-induced chronic renal dysfunction and delayed renal fibrosis progression and podocyte apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased expressions of renal function factors BUN, CRE, and UA and the decreased expressions of key protein factors TGF-β1, p-Samd3, Wnt-1, and β-catenin. Nuciferine also effectively attenuated HFD-induced renal lipid accumulation via the AMPK-mediated regulation of FAS and HSL expressions and suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress via the AMPK-mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. In addition, consistent with the results of animal experiments, nuciferine remarkably reversed cell damage and attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress in palmitic acid-exposed HK-2 cells through the AMPK-mediated signaling pathway. Therefore, nuciferine could be a new food-derived protective agent to offset obesity and correlative kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Si
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Rili Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Human Health in Universities of Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
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6
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Huynh C, Ryu J, Lee J, Inoki A, Inoki K. Nutrient-sensing mTORC1 and AMPK pathways in chronic kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:102-122. [PMID: 36434160 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and lipids are fundamental sources for the maintenance of essential cellular processes and homeostasis in all organisms. The nutrient-sensing kinases mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are expressed in many cell types and have key roles in the control of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and survival, ultimately contributing to the physiological development and functions of various organs, including the kidney. Dysregulation of these kinases leads to many human health problems, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and kidney diseases. In the kidney, physiological levels of mTOR and AMPK activity are required to support kidney cell growth and differentiation and to maintain kidney cell integrity and normal nephron function, including transport of electrolytes, water and glucose. mTOR forms two functional multi-protein kinase complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Hyperactivation of mTORC1 leads to podocyte and tubular cell dysfunction and vulnerability to injury, thereby contributing to the development of chronic kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, obesity-related kidney disease and polycystic kidney disease. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting mTOR and/or AMPK could be an effective therapeutic approach to controlling or preventing these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Huynh
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaewhee Ryu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jooho Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayaka Inoki
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ken Inoki
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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7
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Furcea DM, Agrigoroaie L, Mihai CT, Gardikiotis I, Dodi G, Stanciu GD, Solcan C, Beschea Chiriac SI, Guțu MM, Ștefănescu C. 18F-FDG PET/MRI Imaging in a Preclinical Rat Model of Cardiorenal Syndrome-An Exploratory Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315409. [PMID: 36499736 PMCID: PMC9738874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) denotes the bidirectional interaction of chronic kidney disease and heart failure with an adverse prognosis but with a limited understanding of its pathogenesis. This study correlates biochemical blood markers, histopathological and immunohistochemistry features, and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) metabolic data in low-dose doxorubicin-induced heart failure, cardiorenal syndrome, and renocardiac syndrome induced on Wistar male rats. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the underlying mechanisms for CRS progression in rats using 18F-FDG PET. Clinical, metabolic cage monitoring, biochemistry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry combined with PET/MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) data acquisition at distinct points in the disease progression were employed for this study in order to elucidate the available evidence of organ crosstalk between the heart and kidneys. In our CRS model, we found that chronic treatment with low-dose doxorubicin followed by acute 5/6 nephrectomy incurred the highest mortality among the study groups, while the model for renocardiac syndrome resulted in moderate-to-high mortality. 18F-FDG PET imaging evidenced the doxorubicin cardiotoxicity with vascular alterations, normal kidney development damage, and impaired function. Given the fact that standard clinical markers were insensitive to early renal injury, we believe that the decreasing values of the 18F-FDG PET-derived renal marker across the groups and, compared with their age-matched controls, along with the uniform distribution seen in healthy developing rats, could have a potential diagnostic and prognostic yield in cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mihai Furcea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sf. Spiridon University Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laurențiu Agrigoroaie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sf. Spiridon University Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cosmin-T. Mihai
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioannis Gardikiotis
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gianina Dodi
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriela D. Stanciu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorin I. Beschea Chiriac
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Marius Guțu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics—Nuclear Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cipriana Ștefănescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics—Nuclear Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Parnell SC, Raman A, Zhang Y, Daniel EA, Dai Y, Khanna A, Reif GA, Vivian JL, Fields TA, Wallace DP. Expression of active B-Raf proto-oncogene in kidney collecting ducts induces cyst formation in normal mice and accelerates cyst growth in mice with polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1103-1114. [PMID: 35760151 PMCID: PMC9588601 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by the formation and progressive enlargement of fluid-filled cysts due to abnormal cell proliferation. Cyclic AMP agonists, including arginine vasopressin, stimulate ERK-dependent proliferation of cystic cells, but not normal kidney cells. Previously, B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), a MAPK kinase kinase that activates MEK-ERK signaling, was shown to be a central intermediate in the cAMP mitogenic response. However, the role of BRAF on cyst formation and enlargement in vivo had not been demonstrated. To determine if active BRAF induces kidney cyst formation, we generated transgenic mice that conditionally express BRAFV600E, a common activating mutation, and bred them with Pkhd1-Cre mice to express active BRAF in the collecting ducts, a predominant site for cyst formation. Collecting duct expression of BRAFV600E (BRafCD) caused kidney cyst formation as early as three weeks of age. There were increased levels of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker for cell proliferation. BRafCD mice developed extensive kidney fibrosis and elevated blood urea nitrogen, indicating a decline in kidney function, by ten weeks of age. BRAFV600E transgenic mice were also bred to Pkd1RC/RC and pcy/pcy mice, well-characterized slowly progressive PKD models. Collecting duct expression of active BRAF markedly increased kidney weight/body weight, cyst number and size, and total cystic area. There were increased p-ERK levels and proliferating cells, immune cell infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, and a decline in kidney function in both these models. Thus, our findings demonstrate that active BRAF is sufficient to induce kidney cyst formation in normal mice and accelerate cystic disease in PKD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Archana Raman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Emily A Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Yuqiao Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Aditi Khanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gail A Reif
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Timothy A Fields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Darren P Wallace
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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9
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Iliuta IA, Song X, Pickel L, Haghighi A, Retnakaran R, Scholey J, Sung HK, Steinberg GR, Pei Y. Shared pathobiology identifies AMPK as a therapeutic target for obesity and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:962933. [PMID: 36106024 PMCID: PMC9467623 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.962933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common Mendelian kidney disease, affecting approximately one in 1,000 births and accounting for 5% of end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. The pathophysiology of ADPKD is strongly linked to metabolic dysregulation, which may be secondary to defective polycystin function. Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in patients with ADPKD and constitute an independent risk factor for progression. Recent studies have highlighted reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction as shared pathobiology between ADPKD and overweight/obesity. Notably, mTOR and AMPK are two diametrically opposed sensors of energy metabolism that regulate cell growth and proliferation. However, treatment with the current generation of mTOR inhibitors is poorly tolerated due to their toxicity, making clinical translation difficult. By contrast, multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown that pharmacological activation of AMPK provides a promising approach to treat ADPKD. In this narrative review, we summarize the pleiotropic functions of AMPK as a regulator of cellular proliferation, macromolecule metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis, and discuss the potential for pharmacological activation of AMPK to treat ADPKD and obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan-Andrei Iliuta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amirreza Haghighi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Scholey
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: York Pei,
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10
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Das S, Choudhuri D. Dietary calcium regulates the risk renal injury in high fat diet induced obese rats by regulating renal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1039-1049. [PMID: 32255372 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1746812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The antiobesity effect of dietary calcium by preventing fat accumulation and weight gain was well established from several epidemiological and animal studies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of dietary calcium against obesity-associated with renal injury in high fat diet induced obese rats. Materials and Methods: Obesity was induced by high fat diet (HFD) and then given either low or high calcium HFD (0.25% and 1.0%) for another 30 days. RESULTS The results showed that 1.0% high calcium group was effective in reducing renal lipogenesis activity, lipid accumulation, fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) expression, oxidative stress, inflammation and increased the adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Downregulation of renal lipid accumulation by high calcium diet through AMPK mediated lipogenesis activity, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response seemed to prevent the renal injury in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Das
- Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, India
| | - Dipayan Choudhuri
- Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, India
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11
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Lopez-Tello J, Jimenez-Martinez MA, Salazar-Petres E, Patel R, George AL, Kay RG, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Identification of Structural and Molecular Signatures Mediating Adaptive Changes in the Mouse Kidney in Response to Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6287. [PMID: 35682969 PMCID: PMC9181623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is characterized by adaptations in the function of several maternal body systems that ensure the development of the fetus whilst maintaining health of the mother. The renal system is responsible for water and electrolyte balance, as well as waste removal. Thus, it is imperative that structural and functional changes occur in the kidney during pregnancy. However, our knowledge of the precise morphological and molecular mechanisms occurring in the kidney during pregnancy is still very limited. Here, we investigated the changes occurring in the mouse kidney during pregnancy by performing an integrated analysis involving histology, gene and protein expression assays, mass spectrometry profiling and bioinformatics. Data from non-pregnant and pregnant mice were used to identify critical signalling pathways mediating changes in the maternal kidneys. We observed an expansion of renal medulla due to proliferation and infiltration of interstitial cellular constituents, as well as alterations in the activity of key cellular signalling pathways (e.g., AKT, AMPK and MAPKs) and genes involved in cell growth/metabolism (e.g., Cdc6, Foxm1 and Rb1) in the kidneys during pregnancy. We also generated plasma and urine proteomic profiles, identifying unique proteins in pregnancy. These proteins could be used to monitor and study potential mechanisms of renal adaptations during pregnancy and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | | | - Esteban Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ritik Patel
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amy L George
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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12
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Chen T, Niu L, Wang L, Zhou Q, Zhao X, Lai S, He X, He H, He M. Ferulic acid protects renal tubular epithelial cells against anoxia/reoxygenation injury mediated by AMPKα1. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:173-184. [PMID: 35382666 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2062339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury causes dysfunction of rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E), which is associated with excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and eventually leads to apoptosis. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic acid, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables. FA possesses the properties of scavenging free radicals and cytoprotection against oxygen stress. In the study, the protective effects of FA against NRK-52E cells damage induced by A/R were explored and confirmed the role of AMP-activated protein kinaseα1 (AMPKα1). We found that after NRK-52E cells suffered A/R damage, FA pretreatment increased the cell viability and decreased LDH activity in culture medium in a concentration-dependent manner, the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase improved, intracellular ROS generation and malondialdehyde contents mitigated. In addition, pretreatment of 75 μM FA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction by A/R-injury and ultimately decreased apoptosis (25.3 ± 0.61 vs 12.1 ± 0.60), which was evidenced by preventing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. 75 μM FA pretreatment also significantly upregulated AMPKα1 expression (3.16 ± 0.18 folds) and phosphorylation (2.56 ± 0.13 folds). However, compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, significantly attenuated FA pretreatment's effects, as mentionedabove. These results firstly clarified that FA pretreatment attenuated NRK-52E cell damage induced by A/R via upregulating AMPKα1 expression and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Li Niu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Songqing Lai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xinlan He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huan He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ming He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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13
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Chi Y, Liu S, Wu X, Zhu B, Wang H, Liang Y, Wang Y. Knowledge-Based Discovery of the Role and Mechanism of Resveratrol in Improving Glomerular Tether Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9705144. [PMID: 35399833 PMCID: PMC8989601 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9705144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects and mechanisms of resveratrol on glucolipid metabolism in diabetic humans. In this paper, we introduced the knowledge discovery theory into the data processing of the factors related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes for the first time, and identified valid, potentially useful, and understandable pathogenesis patterns from a large amount of measured data. A data mining C4.5 algorithm was used to classify 17072 validated cross-sectional health survey data from the whole population according to the characteristics of type ρ diabetes data. A human model of diabetes mellitus was prepared by high sugar and high fat diet plus low dose streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg) and randomly grouped into four groups: the normal control group, the model group, the resveratrol group, and the pioglitazone group. 8 animals in each group were treated with the corresponding drugs for 8 weeks. Hepatic steatosis and damage were significantly reduced compared with the model group as observed by HE staining. Resveratrol has obvious effects on regulating glucolipid metabolism, and its mechanism of action is associated with its ability to increase the antioxidant activity of the body, activate the Akt signaling pathway, and improve liver pathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai 200062, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai 200062, China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai 200062, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai 200062, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai 200062, China
| | - Yongping Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai 200062, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ShangHai 200062, China
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14
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Bicalutamide May enhance kidney injury in diabetes by concomitantly damaging energy production from OXPHOS and glycolysis. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 356:109858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in muscle cell volume regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:541-559. [PMID: 35037123 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cells can both gain and lose volume during periods of exercise and rest. Muscle cells do not behave as perfect osmometers because the cell volume changes are less than predicted from the change in extracellular osmolality. Therefore, there are mechanisms involved in regulating cell volume, and they are different for regulatory volume decreases and regulatory volume increases. Also, after an initial rapid change in cell volume, there is a gradual and partial recovery of cell volume that is effected by ion and water transport mechanisms. The mechanisms have been studied in non-contracting muscle cells, but remain to be fully elucidated in contracting muscle. Changes in muscle cell volume are known to affect the strength of contractile activity as well as anabolic/catabolic signaling, perhaps indicating that cell volume should be a regulated variable in skeletal muscle cells. Muscles contracting at moderate to high intensity gain intracellular volume because of increased intracellular osmolality. Concurrent increases in interstitial (extracellular) muscle volume occur from an increase in osmotically active molecules and increased vascular filtration pressure. At the same time, non-contracting muscles lose cell volume because of increased extracellular (blood) osmolality. This review provides the physiological foundations and highlights key concepts that underpin our current understanding of volume regulatory processes in skeletal muscle, beginning with consideration of osmosis more than 200 years ago and continuing through to the process of regulatory volume decrease and regulatory volume increase.
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16
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Liu G, Zheng J, Gu K, Wu C, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wang J. Calcium-sensing receptor protects intestinal integrity and alleviates the inflammatory response via the Rac1/PLCγ1 signaling pathway. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34762003 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1998090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) can protect intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and decrease inflammatory response mediated by the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/phospholipase Cγ1 (PLC-γ1) signaling pathway. IPEC-J2 monolayers were treated without or with TNF-α in the absence or presence of CaSR antagonist (NPS 2143), CaSR overexpression, and Rac1 silencing, PLCγ1 silencing or spermine. Results showed that spermine increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), tight junction protein levels, the protein concentration of Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway, and decreased paracellular permeability in the presence of TNF-α. NPS2143 inhibited spermine-induced change in above-mentioned parameters. CaSR overexpression increased TER, the levels of tight junction proteins and the protein concentration of CaSR, phosphorylated PLCγ1, Rac1, and IP3, and decreased paracellular permeability and contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TNF-α after TNF-α challenge. Rac1 and PLCγ1 silencing inhibited CaSR-induced increase in barrier function and the protein concentration of phosphorylated PLCγ1, Rac1, and IP3, and decrease in contents of IL-8 and TNF-α after TNF-α challenge. These results suggest that CaSR activation protects intestinal integrity and alleviates the inflammatory response by activating Rac1 and PLCγ1 signaling after TNF-α challenge, and spermine can maintain barrier function via CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Gu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Brosnahan GM, Wang W, Gitomer B, Struemph T, George D, You Z, Nowak KL, Klawitter J, Chonchol M. Metformin Therapy in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Feasibility Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 79:518-526. [PMID: 34391872 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited disorder that leads to kidney failure and has few treatment options. Metformin is well tolerated and safe in other patient populations. The primary objective of this clinical trial was to determine the safety and tolerability of metformin in patients with ADPKD and without diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS N=51 adults 30-60 years of age with ADPKD, without diabetes, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 50-80 mL/min/1.73 m2. INTERVENTION Metformin (maximum dose 2,000 mg/day) or placebo for 12 months. OUTCOMES Co-primary endpoints were the percentage of participants in each group prescribed at the end of the 12-month period: (a) the full randomized dose, and (b) at least 50% of the randomized dose. Secondary and exploratory outcomes were the effect of metformin compared to placebo on (a) percent change in TKV referenced to height (htTKV in mL/m) and (b) change in eGFR over a 12-month period. RESULTS Mean age was 48 ± 8 years and eGFR was 70 ± 14 mL/min/1.73m2. The metformin group had no cases of lactic acidosis and there was one episode of mild hypoglycemia in each group. Participants in the metformin group reported more adverse symptoms, mostly related to gastrointestinal symptoms. 11 of 22 (50%) of metformin-treated participants completed the treatment phase on the full dose compared to 23 of 23 (100%) in the placebo group. 82% of participants on metformin tolerated at least 50% of the dose, compared to 100% in the placebo group. In exploratory analyses, changes in height-adjusted total kidney volume or eGFR were not significantly different between groups. LIMITATIONS Short study duration. CONCLUSIONS 50% or more of the maximal metformin dose was safe and well tolerated over 12 months in patients with ADPKD. Safety of other preparations of metformin as well as its efficacy should be tested in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godela M Brosnahan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Berenice Gitomer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Taylor Struemph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Diana George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Zhiying You
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristen L Nowak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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18
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Rogacka D, Piwkowska A. Beneficial effects of metformin on glomerular podocytes in diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114687. [PMID: 34274355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes form an important cellular layer of the glomerular barrier involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances in podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction of podocyte foot processes forming a slit diaphragm is a common feature of proteinuria. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent of the biguanide class that is widely recommended for the treatment of high blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to lowering glucose, several recent studies have reported potential beneficial effects of metformin on diabetic kidney function. Furthermore, a key molecule of the antidiabetic mechanism of action of metformin is adenosine 5'-monophospate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as the metformin-induced activation of AMPK is well documented. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of metformin against pathological changes in podocytes that are induced by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
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19
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Rodríguez C, Sánchez A, Sáenz-Medina J, Muñoz M, Hernández M, López M, Rivera L, Contreras C, Prieto D. Activation of AMP kinase ameliorates kidney vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in rodent models of obesity. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4085-4103. [PMID: 34192805 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Obesity is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease independent of diabetes, hypertension and other co-morbidities. Obesity-associated nephropathy is linked to dysregulation of the cell energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We aimed here to assess whether impairment of AMPK activity may cause renal arterial dysfunction in obesity and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of activating renal AMPK. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of the AMPK activator A769662 were assessed on intrarenal arteries isolated from ob/ob mice and obese Zucker rats and then mounted in microvascular myographs. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production were measured by chemiluminescence and fluorescence, respectively, and protein expression was analysed by western blotting. KEY RESULTS Endothelium-dependent vasodilation and PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway were impaired in preglomerular arteries from genetically obese rats and mice, along with impaired arterial AMPK activity and blunted relaxations induced by the AMPK activator A769662. Acute ex vivo exposure to A769662 restored endothelial function and enhanced activity of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway in obese rats, whereas in vivo treatment with A769662 improved metabolic state and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction, reduced inflammatory markers and vascular oxidative stress in renal arteries and restored redox balance in renal cortex of obese mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results demonstrate that AMPK dysregulation underlies obesity-associated kidney vascular dysfunction and activation of AMPK improves metabolic state, protects renal endothelial function and exerts potent vascular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The beneficial effects of vascular AMPK activation might represent a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of obesity-related kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáenz-Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kidney physiology and susceptibility to acute kidney injury: implications for renoprotection. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:335-349. [PMID: 33547418 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Kidney damage varies according to the primary insult. Different aetiologies of acute kidney injury (AKI), including kidney ischaemia, exposure to nephrotoxins, dehydration or sepsis, are associated with characteristic patterns of damage and changes in gene expression, which can provide insight into the mechanisms that lead to persistent structural and functional damage. Early morphological alterations are driven by a delicate balance between energy demand and oxygen supply, which varies considerably in different regions of the kidney. The functional heterogeneity of the various nephron segments is reflected in their use of different metabolic pathways. AKI is often linked to defects in kidney oxygen supply, and some nephron segments might not be able to shift to anaerobic metabolism under low oxygen conditions or might have remarkably low basal oxygen levels, which enhances their vulnerability to damage. Here, we discuss why specific kidney regions are at particular risk of injury and how this information might help to delineate novel routes for mitigating injury and avoiding permanent damage. We suggest that the physiological heterogeneity of the kidney should be taken into account when exploring novel renoprotective strategies, such as improvement of kidney tissue oxygenation, stimulation of hypoxia signalling pathways and modulation of cellular energy metabolism.
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21
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Oza MJ, Laddha AP, Gaikwad AB, Mulay SR, Kulkarni YA. Role of dietary modifications in the management of type 2 diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105602. [PMID: 33838293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Insufficient insulin secretion and insulin action are two major causes for the development of diabetes, which is characterized by a persistent increase in blood glucose level. Diet and sedentary life style play pivotal role in development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Dietary modification is associated with a reprogramming of nutrient intake, which are proven to be effective for the management of diabetes and associated complications. Dietary modifications modulate various molecular key players linked with the functions of nutrient signalling, regulation of autophagy, and energy metabolism. It activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK mainly acts as an energy sensor and inhibits autophagy repressor Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) under nutritional deprivation. Under calorie restriction (CR), SIRT1 gets activated directly or indirectly and plays a central role in autophagy via the regulation of protein acetylation. Dietary modification is also effective in controlling inflammation and apoptosis by decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines like nuclear factor kappa- beta (NF-kβ), tissue growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also improves glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion through beta cell regeneration. This indicates calorie intake plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes-associated complications. The present review, emphasizes the role of dietary modifications in diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Hypoxia-Induced Suppression of Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Expression in Human Bladder Tumor Cells Is Regulated by Caveolin-1-Dependent Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Activity. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:137-149. [PMID: 33752282 PMCID: PMC8255828 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040444.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is thought to inhibit cell proliferation or promote cell death, but the details remain unclear. In this study, we propose that AMPK inhibits the expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) by relying on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)-induced caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression pathway in noninvasive human bladder tumor (RT4) cells. Methods In cells exposed to a hypoxic environment (0.5% oxygen), the levels of expression and phospho-activity of the relevant signaling enzymes were examined via Western blots and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Results The level of expression of Cav-1 was very low or undetectable in RT4 cells. Hypoxia was associated with significantly decreased cell growth, along with marked induction of HIF-1α and Cav-1 expression; additionally, it suppressed the expression of the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 while leaving AMPK activity unchanged. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α acts as a transcription factor for Cav-1 mRNA gene expression. The cell growth and Bcl-2 expression suppressed under hypoxia were reversed along with decreases in the induced HIF-1α and Cav-1 levels by AMPK activation with metformin (1mM) or phenformin (0.1mM). In addition, pretreatment with AMPK small interfering RNA not only increased the hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α and Cav-1, but also reversed the suppression of Bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that HIF-1α and Cav-1 expression in hypoxic environments is regulated by basal AMPK activity; therefore, the inhibition of Bcl-2 expression cannot be expected when AMPK activity is suppressed, even if Cav-1 expression is elevated. Conclusions For the first time, we find that AMPK activation can regulate HIF-1α induction as well as HIF-1α-induced Cav1 expression, and the hypoxia-induced inhibitory effect on the antiapoptotic pathway in RT4 cells is due to Cav-1-dependent AMPK activity.
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. PD-1 immunobiology in glomerulonephritis and renal cell carcinoma. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:80. [PMID: 33676416 PMCID: PMC7936245 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 receptors and ligands on immune cells and kidney parenchymal cells help maintain immunological homeostasis in the kidney. Dysregulated PD-1:PD-L1 binding interactions occur during the pathogenesis of glomerulopathies and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The regulation of these molecules in the kidney is important to PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies that treat RCC and may induce glomerulopathies as an adverse event. METHODS The expression and function of PD-1 molecules on immune and kidney parenchymal cells were reviewed in the healthy kidney, PD-1 immunotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity, glomerulopathies and RCC. RESULTS PD-1 and/or its ligands are expressed on kidney macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Vitamin D3, glutathione and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulate hypoxic cell signals involved in the expression and function of PD-1 molecules. These pathways are altered in kidney disease and are linked to the production of vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-23, and chemokines that bind CXCR3, CXCR4, and/or CXCR7. These factors are differentially produced in glomerulonephritis and RCC and may be important biomarkers in patients that receive PD-1 therapies and/or develop glomerulonephritis as an adverse event CONCLUSION: By comparing the functions of the PD-1 axis in glomerulopathies and RCC, we identified similar chemokines involved in the recruitment of immune cells and distinct mediators in T cell differentiation. The expression and function of PD-1 and PD-1 ligands in diseased tissue and particularly on double-negative T cells and parenchymal kidney cells needs continued exploration. The possible regulation of the PD-1 axis by vitamin D3, glutathione and/or AMPK cell signals may be important to kidney disease and the PD-1 immunotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, BG 10 RM 2C135, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Critical Role for AMPK in Metabolic Disease-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217994. [PMID: 33121167 PMCID: PMC7663488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is associated with highly prevalent physiological and metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and aging, which are also risk factors for CKD pathogenesis and progression. Podocytes and proximal tubular cells of the kidney strongly express AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays essential roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell survival, growth, and inflammation. Thus, metabolic disease-induced renal diseases like obesity-related and diabetic chronic kidney disease demonstrate dysregulated AMPK in the kidney. Activating AMPK ameliorates the pathological and phenotypical features of both diseases. As a metabolic sensor, AMPK regulates active tubular transport and helps renal cells to survive low energy states. AMPK also exerts a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis and is known to regulate autophagy in mammalian cells. While the nutrient-sensing role of AMPK is critical in determining the fate of renal cells, the role of AMPK in kidney autophagy and mitochondrial quality control leading to pathology in metabolic disease-related CKD is not very clear and needs further investigation. This review highlights the crucial role of AMPK in renal cell dysfunction associated with metabolic diseases and aims to expand therapeutic strategies by understanding the molecular and cellular processes underlying CKD.
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Ayinde KS, Olaoba OT, Ibrahim B, Lei D, Lu Q, Yin X, Adelusi TI. AMPK allostery: A therapeutic target for the management/treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2020; 261:118455. [PMID: 32956662 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with approximately 30-40% of patients with DM developing nephropathy, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases and diabetic morbidity. The pathogenesis of DN is primarily associated with irregularities in the metabolism of glucose and lipid leading to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, which has been a major target together with blood pressure regulation in the control of DN progression. However, the regulation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved protein kinase for maintaining energy balance and cellular growth and repair has been implicated in the development of DM and its complications. Therefore, targeting AMPK pathway has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes and its complication, although most of the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the structure of AMPK relevant to understanding its allosteric regulation and its role in the pathogenesis and progression of DN. We also identify therapeutic agents that modulate AMPK and its downstream targets with their specific mechanisms of action in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olamide Tosin Olaoba
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Boyenle Ibrahim
- Computational Biology/Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Du Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Computational Biology/Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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26
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Targeting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Piwkowska A. Regulation of podocytes function by AMP-activated protein kinase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 692:108541. [PMID: 32781053 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are unique, highly specialized, terminally differentiated cells that form an essential, integral part of the glomerular filter. These cells limit the outside border of the glomerular basement membrane, forming a tight barrier that prevents significant protein loss from the capillary space. The slit diaphragm formed by podocytes is crucial for maintaining glomerular integrity and function. They are the target of injury in many glomerular diseases, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Accumulating studies have revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an essential cellular energy sensor, might play a fundamental role in regulating podocyte metabolism and function. AMPK participates in insulin signaling, therefore controls glucose uptake and podocytes insulin sensitivity. It is also involved in insulin-dependent cytoskeleton reorganization in podocytes, mediating glomerular albumin permeability. AMPK plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy/apoptosis processes, which influence podocytes viability. The present review aimed to highlight the molecular mechanisms associated with AMPK that are involved in the regulation of podocyte function in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
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Rodríguez C, Contreras C, Sáenz-Medina J, Muñoz M, Corbacho C, Carballido J, García-Sacristán A, Hernandez M, López M, Rivera L, Prieto D. Activation of the AMP-related kinase (AMPK) induces renal vasodilatation and downregulates Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Redox Biol 2020. [PMID: 32470915 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101575.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor activated during energy stress to stimulate ATP production pathways and restore homeostasis. AMPK is widely expressed in the kidney and involved in mitochondrial protection and biogenesis upon acute renal ischemia, AMPK activity being blunted in metabolic disease-associated kidney disease. Since little is known about AMPK in the regulation of renal blood flow, the present study aimed to assess the role of AMPK in renal vascular function. Functional responses to the selective AMPK activator A769662 were assessed in intrarenal small arteries isolated from the kidney of renal tumour patients and Wistar rats and mounted in microvascular myographs to perform simultaneous measurements of intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and tension. Superoxide (O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were measured by chemiluminescence and fluorescence and protein expression by Western blot. Activation of AMPK with A769662 increased AMPKα phosphorylation at Thr-172 and induced potent relaxations compared to AICAR in isolated human and rat intrarenal arteries, through both endothelium-dependent mechanisms involving nitric oxide (NO) and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium (IKCa) channels, as well as activation of ATP-sensitive (KATP) channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). Furthermore, AMPK activator reduced NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These results demonstrate that A769662 has potent vasodilator and antioxidant effects in intrarenal arteries. The benefits of AMPK activation in rat kidney are reproduced in human arteries and therefore vascular AMPK activation might be a therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic disease-associated kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáenz-Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Corbacho
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Carballido
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Medardo Hernandez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Activation of the AMP-related kinase (AMPK) induces renal vasodilatation and downregulates Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101575. [PMID: 32470915 PMCID: PMC7256643 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor activated during energy stress to stimulate ATP production pathways and restore homeostasis. AMPK is widely expressed in the kidney and involved in mitochondrial protection and biogenesis upon acute renal ischemia, AMPK activity being blunted in metabolic disease-associated kidney disease. Since little is known about AMPK in the regulation of renal blood flow, the present study aimed to assess the role of AMPK in renal vascular function. Functional responses to the selective AMPK activator A769662 were assessed in intrarenal small arteries isolated from the kidney of renal tumour patients and Wistar rats and mounted in microvascular myographs to perform simultaneous measurements of intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and tension. Superoxide (O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were measured by chemiluminescence and fluorescence and protein expression by Western blot. Activation of AMPK with A769662 increased AMPKα phosphorylation at Thr-172 and induced potent relaxations compared to AICAR in isolated human and rat intrarenal arteries, through both endothelium-dependent mechanisms involving nitric oxide (NO) and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium (IKCa) channels, as well as activation of ATP-sensitive (KATP) channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). Furthermore, AMPK activator reduced NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These results demonstrate that A769662 has potent vasodilator and antioxidant effects in intrarenal arteries. The benefits of AMPK activation in rat kidney are reproduced in human arteries and therefore vascular AMPK activation might be a therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic disease-associated kidney injury.
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30
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Bouras H, Roig SR, Kurstjens S, Tack CJJ, Kebieche M, de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ. Metformin regulates TRPM6, a potential explanation for magnesium imbalance in type 2 diabetes patients. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:400-411. [PMID: 32017603 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin therapy is associated with lower serum magnesium (Mg2+) levels in type 2 diabetes patients. The TRPM6 channel determines the fine-tuning of Mg2+ (re)absorption in intestine and kidney. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of metformin on TRPM6. Patch clamp recordings and biotinylation assays were performed upon 1 h of incubation with metformin in TRPM6-transfected HEK293 cells. Additionally, 24 h of treatment of mDCT15 kidney and hCaco-2 colon cells with metformin was applied to measure the effects on endogenous TRPM6 expression by quantitative real-time PCR. To assess Mg2+ absorption, 25Mg2+ uptake measurements were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Short-term effects of metformin significantly increased TRPM6 activity and its cell surface trafficking. In contrast, long-term effects significantly decreased TRPM6 mRNA expression and 25Mg2+ uptake. Metformin lowered TRPM6 mRNA levels independently of insulin- and AMPK-mediated pathways. Moreover, in type 2 diabetes patients, metformin therapy was associated with lower plasma Mg2+ concentrations and fractional excretion of Mg2+. Thereby, short-term metformin treatment increases TRPM6 activity explained by enhanced cell surface expression. Conversely, long-term metformin treatment results in downregulation of TRPM6 gene expression in intestine and kidney cells. This long-term effect translated in an inverse correlation between metformin and plasma Mg2+ concentration in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacene Bouras
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Sara R Roig
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Steef Kurstjens
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees J J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Kebieche
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Batna2, Algeria
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Sato S, Norikura T, Mukai Y, Yamaoka S, Mikame K. Lignin-derived low-molecular-weight oxidized lignophenol stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and suppresses renal inflammation and interstitial fibrosis in high fat diet-fed mice. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 318:108977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yang KJ, Kim JH, Chang YK, Park CW, Kim SY, Hong YA. Inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase protects against contrast-induced renal tubular injury by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:209-220. [PMID: 31560952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the development of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase is known to reduce levels of ROS. We investigated whether febuxostat could attenuate oxidative stress via the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) against CIN. In a mouse model of CIN, renal impairment and tubular injury substantially increased, whereas febuxostat attenuated renal injury. Plasma and kidney xanthine oxidoreductase levels were decreased by febuxostat. Febuxostat administration was accompanied by the upregulation of AMPK phosphorylation and the inhibition of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)1 and Nox2, followed by the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and heme oxygenase-1 expressions and the suppression of transcription factor forkhead box O (FoxO)1 and FoxO3a phosphorylation. Cell survival was significantly reduced after iohexol administration and febuxostat ameliorated iohexol-induced cell death in proximal tubular (HK-2) cells. Furthermore, febuxostat enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and inhibited Nox1, Nox2, and HIF-1α expression in iohexol-exposed HK-2 cells. Finally, these processes decrease ROS in both in vivo and in vitro models of CIN. AMPK inhibition using small interfering RNA blunted the antioxidative effects of febuxostat in iohexol-treated HK-2 cells. Febuxostat attenuated CIN by modulating oxidative stress through AMPK-NADPH oxidase-HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ah Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rahmani S, Defferrari MS, Wakarchuk WW, Antonescu CN. Energetic adaptations: Metabolic control of endocytic membrane traffic. Traffic 2019; 20:912-931. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Warren W. Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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Madhavi Y, Gaikwad N, Yerra VG, Kalvala AK, Nanduri S, Kumar A. Targeting AMPK in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Energy Homeostasis, Autophagy and Mitochondrial Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5207-5229. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180406120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5′-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key enzymatic protein involved
in linking the energy sensing to the metabolic manipulation. It is a serine/threonine kinase activated
by several upstream kinases. AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein complex regulated by AMP, ADP, and
ATP allosterically. AMPK is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues of the living system such as heart,
kidney, liver, brain and skeletal muscles. Thus malfunctioning of AMPK is expected to harbor several
human pathologies especially diseases associated with metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction. AMPK
activators including synthetic derivatives and several natural products that have been found to show therapeutic
relief in several animal models of disease. AMP, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA
riboside) and A769662 are important activators of AMPK which have potential therapeutic importance
in diabetes and diabetic complications. AMPK modulation has shown beneficial effects against
diabetes, cardiovascular complications and diabetic neuropathy. The major impact of AMPK modulation
ensures healthy functioning of mitochondria and energy homeostasis in addition to maintaining a strict
check on inflammatory processes, autophagy and apoptosis. Structural studies on AMP and AICAR suggest
that the free amino group is imperative for AMPK stimulation. A769662, a non-nucleoside
thienopyridone compound which resulted from the lead optimization studies on A-592107 and several
other related compound is reported to exhibit a promising effect on diabetes and its complications through
activation of AMPK. Subsequent to the discovery of A769662, several thienopyridones,
hydroxybiphenyls pyrrolopyridones have been reported as AMPK modulators. The review will explore
the structure-function relationships of these analogues and the prospect of targeting AMPK in diabetes
and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.V. Madhavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Nikhil Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
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Xi X, Zou C, Ye Z, Huang Y, Chen T, Hu H. Pioglitazone protects tubular cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through enhancing autophagy via AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172695. [PMID: 31560869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pioglitazone (Pio), a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, may protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Recent studies have shown that autophagy plays a protective role in IRI. We aimed to evaluate whether autophagy was involved in pioglitazone-induced protection during tubular cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Normal rat kidney proximal tubular cells NRK-52E were subjected to H/R injury, and they were divided into 6 groups: control, control + Pio, H/R, H/R + Pio, H/R + MA, H/R + MA + Pio. Autophagy-related proteins were primarily assessed by Western blot and TUNEL was performed to assess cell apoptosis. Our results showed pioglitazone pretreatment had a cytoprotective effect against H/R injury. The H/R + Pio group had an increased ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I and increased Beclin-1, decreased p62. Pioglitazone also reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell survival while inducing autophagy. Correspondingly, autophagy inhibition with 3-MA alleviated this protective effect. Furthermore, pioglitazone-induced enhancement of autophagy could be related to increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and decreased Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation. Thus, pioglitazone pretreatment protects against H/R injury by enhancting autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Cong Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Yawei Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Tongchang Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China.
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Molecular Interactions Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy in Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153791. [PMID: 31382550 PMCID: PMC6696055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive signaling molecules that maintain redox homeostasis in mammalian cells. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological conditions results in excessive generation of ROS, culminating in oxidative stress and the associated oxidative damage of cellular components. ROS and oxidative stress play a vital role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, and it is well documented that increased oxidative stress in patients enhances the progression of renal diseases. Oxidative stress activates autophagy, which facilitates cellular adaptation and diminishes oxidative damage by degrading and recycling intracellular oxidized and damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional organelles. In this review, we report the current understanding of the molecular regulation of autophagy in response to oxidative stress in general and in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We summarize how the molecular interactions between ROS and autophagy involve ROS-mediated activation of autophagy and autophagy-mediated reduction of oxidative stress. In particular, we describe how ROS impact various signaling pathways of autophagy, including mTORC1-ULK1, AMPK-mTORC1-ULK1, and Keap1-Nrf2-p62, as well as selective autophagy including mitophagy and pexophagy. Precise elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of interactions between ROS and autophagy in the pathogenesis of renal diseases may identify novel targets for development of drugs for preventing renal injury.
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Lieberthal W, Tang M, Abate M, Lusco M, Levine JS. AMPK-mediated activation of Akt protects renal tubular cells from stress-induced apoptosis in vitro and ameliorates ischemic AKI in vivo. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1-F11. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00553.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that preconditioning renal tubular cells (RTCs) with A-769662 [a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] reduces apoptosis of RTCs induced by subsequent stress and ameliorates the severity of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. In the present study, we examined the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in mediating these effects. Using shRNA, we developed knockdown (KD) RTCs to confirm that any novel effects of A-769662 are mediated specifically by AMPK. We reduced expression of the total β-domain of AMPK in KD RTCs by >80%. Control RTCs were transfected with “scrambled” shRNA. Preconditioning control RTCs with A-769662 increased both the phosphorylation (activity) of AMPK and survival of these cells when exposed to subsequent stress, but neither effect was observed in KD cells. These data demonstrate that activation of AMPK by A-769662 is profoundly impaired in KD cells. A-769662 activated PI3K and Akt in control but not KD RTCs. These data provide novel evidence that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by A-769662 is mediated specifically through activation of AMPK and not by a nonspecific mechanism. We also demonstrate that, in control RTCs, Akt plays a role in mediating the antiapoptotic effects of A-769662. In addition, we provide evidence that AMPK ameliorates the severity of ischemic AKI in mice and that this effect is also partially mediated by Akt. Finally, we provide evidence that AMPK activates PI3K by inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 and preventing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor substrate-1-associated activation of PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Lieberthal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Hospital, Northport, New York
| | - Meiyi Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Mersema Abate
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Mark Lusco
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jerrold S. Levine
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
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Xiao J, Zhu S, Guan H, Zheng Y, Li F, Zhang X, Guo H, Wang X, Ye Z. AMPK alleviates high uric acid-induced Na +-K +-ATPase signaling impairment and cell injury in renal tubules. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-14. [PMID: 31118410 PMCID: PMC6531502 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the mechanisms in hyperuricemia (HUA)-induced renal tubular injury is the impairment of Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) signaling, which further triggers inflammation, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction and leads to cell injury. Here, we used RNA sequencing to screen the most likely regulators of NKA signaling and found that the liver kinase B1(LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was the most abundantly enriched pathway in HUA. AMPK is a key regulator of cell energy metabolism; hence, we examined the effect of AMPK on HUA-induced dysregulation of NKA signaling and cell injury. We first detected AMPK activation in high uric acid (UA)-stimulated proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA α1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in PTECs. AICAR further alleviated high UA-induced apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although AMPK activation by metformin did not reduce serum UA levels in hyperuricemic rats, it significantly alleviated HUA-induced renal tubular injury and NKA signaling impairment in vivo with effects similar to those of febuxostat. Our study suggests that AMPK activation may temporarily compensate for HUA-induced renal injury. Sustained AMPK activation could reduce lysosomal NKA degradation and maintain NKA function, thus alleviating NKA downstream inflammation and protecting tubular cells from high UA-induced renal tubular injury. High serum levels of uric acid cause kidney tissue damage through cellular processes that have now been identified by researchers in China. Uric acid is a common component of urine, but causes damage if it is present in high levels in the blood (hyperuricemia). While investigating the mechanisms behind hyperuricemia, Zhibin Ye and co-workers at Fudan University in Shanghai recently showed that impairment of the Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) signaling pathway, which regulates uric acid transportation through the kidneys, is a crucial feature of renal damage progression. The team have now shown that NKA is regulated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and that AMPK is enriched during the initial phases of hyperuricemia. Studies on rat models indicated that sustained AMPK activation restored NKA signaling, limiting damage from hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sibo Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haochen Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Zhang X, Ge Y, Bukhari AAS, Zhu Q, Shen Y, Li M, Sun H, Su D, Liang X. Estrogen negatively regulates the renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by promoting Derlin-1 expression and AMPK activation. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31113930 PMCID: PMC6529463 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main functions of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney distal nephron are mediation of sodium and water balance and stabilization of blood pressure. Estrogen has important effects on sodium and water balance and on premenopausal blood pressure, but its role in the regulation of ENaC function is not fully understood. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with 17β-estradiol for 6 weeks following bilateral ovariectomy. Plasma estrogen, aldosterone, creatinine, and electrolytes were analyzed, and α-ENaC and derlin-1 protein expression in the kidney was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The expression levels of α-ENaC, derlin-1, AMPK, and related molecules were also examined by western blotting and real-time PCR in cultured mouse renal collecting duct (mpkCCDc14) epithelial cells following estrogen treatment. Immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation were performed to detect α-ENaC binding with derlin-1 and α-ENaC ubiquitination. The results demonstrated that the loss of estrogen elevated systolic blood pressure in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX rat kidneys showed increased α-ENaC expression but decreased derlin-1 expression. In contrast, estrogen treatment decreased α-ENaC expression but increased derlin-1 expression in mpkCCDc14 cells. Moreover, estrogen induced α-ENaC ubiquitination by promoting the interaction of α-ENaC with derlin-1 and evoked phosphorylation of AMPK in mpkCCDc14 cells. Our study indicates that estrogen reduces ENaC expression and blood pressure in OVX rats through derlin-1 upregulation and AMPK activation. Estrogen treatment could prove valuable in tackling high blood pressure (hypertension) in postmenopausal women. Long-term healthy blood pressure is linked to the correct regulation of sodium and water levels in the kidneys. The renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a cellular membrane channel responsible for mediating sodium reabsorption and fluid balance. Liang and co-workers at Nanjing Medical University in Nanjing, China, conducted experiments on postmenopausal rat models, and found that loss of estrogen elevates systolic blood pressure (the pressure during heart muscle contraction), and that the rats had high levels of ENaC expression. Further investigations showed that estrogen treatment restored blood pressure to normal levels by promoting two key proteins involved in cellular membrane health and energy metabolism. This in turn reinstated normal levels of ENaC breakdown in the kidneys, limiting hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yamei Ge
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yachen Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongming Su
- Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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40
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Choy SW, Fraser SA, Katerelos M, Galic S, Kemp BE, Mount PF, Power DA. Absence of the β1 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase reduces myofibroblast infiltration of the kidneys in early diabetes. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:114-122. [PMID: 31025787 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the heterotrimeric energy-sensing kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been reported to improve experimental diabetic kidney disease. We examined the effect of type 1 diabetes in wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the β1 subunit of AMPK (AMPK β1-/- mice), which have reduced AMPK activity in kidneys and other organs. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) and the animals followed up for 4 weeks. Hyperglycaemia was more severe in diabetic AMPK β1-/- mice, despite the absence of any difference in serum levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin. There was no change in AMPK activity in the kidneys of diabetic WT mice by AMPK activity assay, or phosphorylation of either the αT172 activation site on the α catalytic subunit of AMPK or the AMPK-specific phosphosite S79 on acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Phosphorylation of the inhibitory αS485 site on the α subunit of AMPK was significantly increased in the WT diabetic mice compared to non-diabetic controls. Despite increased plasma glucose levels in the diabetic AMPK β1-/- mice, there were fewer myofibroblasts in the kidneys compared to diabetic WT mice, as evidenced by reduced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein by Western blot, mRNA by qRT-PCR and fewer α-SMA-positive cells by immunohistochemical staining. Albuminuria was also reduced in the AMPK β1-/- mice. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, myofibroblasts were reduced in the kidneys of AMPK β1-/- diabetic mice compared to diabetic WT mice, despite increased circulating glucose, suggesting that AMPK can worsen renal fibrosis in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet-Wan Choy
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and St. Vincent's Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott A Fraser
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina Katerelos
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and St. Vincent's Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F Mount
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and St. Vincent's Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Power
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and St. Vincent's Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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41
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Szrejder M, Piwkowska A. AMPK signalling: Implications for podocyte biology in diabetic nephropathy. Biol Cell 2019; 111:109-120. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szrejder
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of SciencesLaboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology Gdańsk Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of SciencesLaboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology Gdańsk Poland
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Lee ES, Kwon MH, Kim HM, Kim N, Kim YM, Kim HS, Lee EY, Chung CH. Dibenzoylmethane ameliorates lipid-induced inflammation and oxidative injury in diabetic nephropathy. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:169-179. [PMID: 30475214 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) is a beta-diketone analog of curcumin. Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of curcumin on diabetes, obesity and diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy. Recently, we investigated the beneficial metabolic effects of DBM on high-fat diet-induced obesity. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of DBM in the kidney are currently unknown. To investigate the renoprotective effects of DBM in type 2 diabetes, we administered DBM (100 mg/kg) orally for 12 weeks to high-fat diet-induced diabetic model mice. We used mouse renal mesangial (MES13) and macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells to examine the mechanism of action of DBM (20 μM). After DBM treatment, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio was significantly decreased compared to that of the high-fat-diet group. Moreover, damaged renal ultra-structures and functions including increased glomerular volume, glomerular basement membrane thickness and inflammatory signals were ameliorated after DBM treatment. Stimulation of MES13 and RAW264.7 cells by palmitate or high-dose glucose with lipopolysaccharides increased inflammatory signals and macrophage migration. However, these changes were reversed by DBM treatment. In addition, DBM inhibited NADPH oxidase 2 and 4 expression and oxidative DNA damage. Collectively, these data suggested that DBM prevented diabetes-induced renal injury through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- The East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hong Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Nami Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Zhang HX, Yuan J, Li YF, Li RS. Thalidomide decreases high glucose-induced extracellular matrix protein synthesis in mesangial cells via the AMPK pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:927-934. [PMID: 30651882 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated the renal-protective effect of thalidomide (Thd) in diabetic nephropathy rats through the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog signaling pathways. The association between AMPK inactivation and high glucose (HG)-induced meningeal cell (MC) proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation via NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the effects of Thd on cell proliferation and ECM expression in HG-cultured MCs and the underlying mechanisms. HG-cultured human MCs were treated with Thd. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and quantification of cell proliferation was based on the measurement of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. The differences in TGF-β1, fibronectin and MCP-1 protein expression levels were detected via ELISA and western blot analysis. The AMPK signaling pathway was also examined by western blot analysis in MCs. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor and AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1β-D-ribofuranoside), an AMPK agonist, were used to analyze the functional role of AMPK in MCs. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased in HG-cultured MCs following treatment with high concentrations of Thd (100 and 200 µg/ml) for 24 h compared with the HG-cultured MC group. Thd suppressed the inflammatory processes in HG-induced MCs. These effects were partially mediated through the activation of AMPK and inhibition of the NF-κB/MCP-1 signaling pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that Thd may have therapeutic potential in diabetic renal injury via the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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Yao L, Li J, Li L, Li X, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Mao X. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt ameliorates high glucose-induced renal fibrosis and inflammation via the TGF-β1/SMADS/AMPK/NF-κB pathways. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:14. [PMID: 30630477 PMCID: PMC6327481 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt is an ethnomedicine widely used in Xinjiang, China. It is consumed as a herbal tea by local Uyghur people to treat high blood pressure and diarrhea. Our previous study confirmed that the ethyl acetate extract of Coreopsis tinctoria (AC) had a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) in an in vivo experiment. Here we aim to elucidate the protective mechanism of AC and marein, the main ingredient in Coreopsis tinctoria on renal fibrosis and inflammation in vitro under high glucose (HG) conditions. METHODS A HG-induced barrier dysfunction model in rat mesangial cells (HBZY-1) was established. The cells were exposed to AC and marein and/or HG for 24 h. Then, the renal protective effects of AC and marein via transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, AMP-activated kinase protein (AMPK), and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling were assessed. RESULTS Both AC and marein suppressed rat mesangial cell hyperplasia and significantly attenuated the expression of HG-disrupted fibrotic and inflammatory proteins in HBZY-1 cells. It was also confirmed that AC and marein remarkably attenuated HG-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis by regulating the AMPK, TGF-β1/Smads, and NF-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These results indicated that AC and marein may delay the progression of DN, at least in part, by suppressing HG-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis. Marein may be one of the bioactive compounds in AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 4 Liyushan Park, Urumuqi, 830011 China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 4 Liyushan Park, Urumuqi, 830011 China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Yuquan Road, Nankai District, Tianjing, 300000 China
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Street, Urumuqi, 830011 China
| | - Xinxia Li
- Center of Analysis and Test, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Street, Urumuqi, 830011 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Street, Urumuqi, 830011 China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 4 Liyushan Park, Urumuqi, 830011 China
| | - Xinmin Mao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 4 Liyushan Park, Urumuqi, 830011 China
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Tsogbadrakh B, Ryu H, Ju KD, Lee J, Yun S, Yu KS, Kim HJ, Ahn C, Oh KH. AICAR, an AMPK activator, protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through the JAK/STAT/SOCS pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:680-686. [PMID: 30616891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin causes acute kidney injury (AKI) through proximal tubular injury. We investigated the protective effect of the adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) against cisplatin-induced AKI. We investigated whether the AMP-kinase activator AICAR ameliorates cisplatin-induced AKI through the JAK/STAT/SOCS pathway. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, AICAR, cisplatin, and cisplatin + AICAR. As appropriate to their treatment group, the rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, i.p.). AICAR was administered to the rats at 100 mg/kg i.p. daily. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were measured. Renal damage was analyzed in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Renal tissues were also examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot for p-AMPK, Kim-1, cleaved caspase 3, and JAK/STAT/SOCS. For in vitro studies, NRK-52E normal rat kidney cells were treated with cisplatin and/or AICAR. By western blot, we confirmed the expression of p-AMPK and the JAK/STAT/SOCS pathway in NRK-52E cells. AICAR was protective against cisplatin-induced acute tubular injury by up-regulating p-AMPK expression in NRK-52E cells. Protein expression levels of JAK2/STAT1 were markedly ameliorated in NRK-52E cells by AICAR. The protective mechanism of AICAR may be associated with suppression of the JAK2/STAT1 pathway and up-regulation of SOCS1, an inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT1 pathway. The present study demonstrates the protective effects of AICAR against cisplatin-induced AKI and shows a new renoprotective mechanism through the JAK2/STAT1/SOCS1 pathway and apoptosis inhibition. This study suggests that activation of the AMPK activator AICAR might ameliorate cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodokhsuren Tsogbadrakh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Don Ju
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Yun
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongkuk University, Kyungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Mohamed EA, Ahmed HI, Zaky HS. Protective effect of irbesartan against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: implication of AMPK, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR signaling pathways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1209-1217. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is one of the serious undesirable effects related to doxorubicin (DOX). Herein, we have investigated the potential protective effect of irbesartan (IRB) against chronic nephrotoxicity induced by DOX, and the implication of different mechanistic pathways underlying these effects. Rats were treated with either DOX (2.5 mg/kg i.p., 3 times/week) for 2 weeks, and (or) IRB (40 mg/kg, daily) for 3 weeks. IRB prohibited nephrotoxicity induced by DOX, which was evident by the increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and histopathological changes. IRB improved DOX-induced alterations in oxidative status by diminishing lipid peroxidation and upregulating the antioxidant enzymes. Also, upon DOX treatment, the renal expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and caspase-3 were significantly increased; IRB diminished DOX-induced alterations in these parameters. Moreover, DOX significantly decreased the expression level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, DOX induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways that cross talked with AMPK. On the contrary, IRB successfully counterbalanced all these effects. Collectively, these outcomes suggest that the modulation of AMPK, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR pathways plays a critical role in conferring the protective effects of IRB against DOX nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba S. Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kikuchi H, Sasaki E, Nomura N, Mori T, Minamishima YA, Yoshizaki Y, Takahashi N, Furusho T, Arai Y, Mandai S, Yamashita T, Ando F, Maejima Y, Isobe K, Okado T, Rai T, Uchida S, Sohara E. Failure to sense energy depletion may be a novel therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2018; 95:123-137. [PMID: 30455054 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys consume a large amount of energy to regulate volume status and blood pressure and to excrete uremic toxins. The identification of factors that cause energy mismatch in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the development of interventions aimed at improving this mismatch are key research imperatives. Although the critical cellular energy sensor 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to be inactivated in CKD, the mechanism of AMPK dysregulation is unknown. In a mouse model of CKD, metabolome analysis confirmed a decrease in AMPK activation in the kidneys despite a high AMP: ATP ratio, suggesting that AMPK did not sense energy depletion. Similar AMPK inactivation was found in heart and skeletal muscle in CKD mice. Several uremic factors were shown to inactivate AMPK in vitro and in ex vivo preparations of kidney tissue. The specific AMPK activator A-769662, which bypasses the AMP sensing mechanism, ameliorated fibrosis and improved energy status in the kidneys of CKD mice, whereas an AMP analog did not. We further demonstrated that a low-protein diet activated AMPK independent of the AMP sensing mechanism, leading to improvement in energy metabolism and kidney fibrosis. These results suggest that a failure to sense AMP is the key mechanism underlying the vicious cycle of energy depletion and CKD progression and direct AMPK activation may be a novel therapeutic approach in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nomura
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Andrew Minamishima
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshizaki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Furusho
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mandai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamashita
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ando
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Isobe
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Okado
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatemitsu Rai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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48
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)-Dependent Regulation of Renal Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113481. [PMID: 30404151 PMCID: PMC6274953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase that is expressed in most cells and activated by a high cellular AMP/ATP ratio (indicating energy deficiency) or by Ca2+. In general, AMPK turns on energy-generating pathways (e.g., glucose uptake, glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation) and stops energy-consuming processes (e.g., lipogenesis, glycogenesis), thereby helping cells survive low energy states. The functional element of the kidney, the nephron, consists of the glomerulus, where the primary urine is filtered, and the proximal tubule, Henle's loop, the distal tubule, and the collecting duct. In the tubular system of the kidney, the composition of primary urine is modified by the reabsorption and secretion of ions and molecules to yield final excreted urine. The underlying membrane transport processes are mainly energy-consuming (active transport) and in some cases passive. Since active transport accounts for a large part of the cell's ATP demands, it is an important target for AMPK. Here, we review the AMPK-dependent regulation of membrane transport along nephron segments and discuss physiological and pathophysiological implications.
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Craig PM, Moyes CD, LeMoine CM. Sensing and responding to energetic stress: Evolution of the AMPK network. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:156-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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50
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Zhang J, Tian J, Sun H, Digvijay K, Neri M, Bhargava V, Yin Y, Ronco C. How Does Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Affect Septic Acute Kidney Injury? Blood Purif 2018; 46:326-331. [PMID: 30173223 DOI: 10.1159/000492026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit. As the most common treatment of septic AKI, it is believed that continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) can not only maintain the water balance and excrete the metabolic products but also regulate the inflammation and promote kidney recovery. CRRT can remove the inflammatory cytokines to regulate the metabolic adaption in kidney and restore the kidney recovery to protect the kidney in septic AKI. Second, CRRT can provide extra energy supply in septic AKI to improve the kidney energy balance in septic AKI. Third, the anticoagulant used in CRRT also regulates the inflammation in septic AKI. CRRT is not only a treatment to deal with the water balance and metabolic products, but also a method to regulate the inflammation in septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Jiakun Tian
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kumar Digvijay
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mauro Neri
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Vinant Bhargava
- Department of Nephrology and Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Yongjie Yin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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