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Lu H, Cao LL, Ballout F, Belkhiri A, Peng D, Chen L, Chen Z, Soutto M, Wang TC, Que J, Giordano S, Washington MK, Chen S, McDonald OG, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Reflux conditions induce E-cadherin cleavage and EMT via APE1 redox function in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut 2023; 73:47-62. [PMID: 37734913 PMCID: PMC10872865 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, where acidic bile salts (ABS) reflux into the oesophagus, is the leading risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We investigated the role of ABS in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in EAC. DESIGN RNA sequencing data and public databases were analysed for the EMT pathway enrichment and patients' relapse-free survival. Cell models, pL2-IL1β transgenic mice, deidentified EAC patients' derived xenografts (PDXs) and tissues were used to investigate EMT in EAC. RESULTS Analysis of public databases and RNA-sequencing data demonstrated significant enrichment and activation of EMT signalling in EAC. ABS induced multiple characteristics of the EMT process, such as downregulation of E-cadherin, upregulation of vimentin and activation of ß-catenin signalling and EMT-transcription factors. These were associated with morphological changes and enhancement of cell migration and invasion capabilities. Mechanistically, ABS induced E-cadherin cleavage via an MMP14-dependent proteolytic cascade. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1), also known as redox factor 1, is an essential multifunctional protein. APE1 silencing, or its redox-specific inhibitor (E3330), downregulated MMP14 and abrogated the ABS-induced EMT. APE1 and MMP14 coexpression levels were inversely correlated with E-cadherin expression in human EAC tissues and the squamocolumnar junctions of the L2-IL1ß transgenic mouse model of EAC. EAC patients with APE1high and EMThigh signatures had worse relapse-free survival than those with low levels. In addition, treatment of PDXs with E3330 restrained EMT characteristics and suppressed tumour invasion. CONCLUSION Reflux conditions promote EMT via APE1 redox-dependent E-cadherin cleavage. APE1-redox function inhibitors can have a therapeutic role in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Long Long Cao
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Farah Ballout
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - DunFa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino and Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mary Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Oliver Gene McDonald
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
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Lampropoulou DI, Papadimitriou M, Papadimitriou C, Filippou D, Kourlaba G, Aravantinos G, Gazouli M. The Role of EMT-Related lncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10079. [PMID: 37373222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide; late diagnosis and drug resistance are two major factors often responsible for high morbidity and treatment failure. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that has been closely linked with cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been also associated with several cancer-related mechanisms, including EMT. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database in order to sum up and discuss the role of lncRNAs in regulating OC-related EMT and their underlying mechanisms. Seventy (70) original research articles were identified, as of 23 April 2023. Our review concluded that the dysregulation of lncRNAs is highly associated with EMT-mediated OC progression. A comprehensive understanding of lncRNAs' mechanisms in OC will help in identifying novel and sensitive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marios Papadimitriou
- Myeloma Division, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Papadimitriou
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Filippou
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- National Organization for Medicines (EOF), 15562 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kourlaba
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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3
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Proteolytic Landscapes in Gastric Pathology and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052419. [PMID: 35269560 PMCID: PMC8910283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and a large proportion of cases are inseparably linked to infections with the bacterial pathogen and type I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori. The development of gastric cancer follows a cascade of transformative tissue events in an inflammatory environment. Proteases of host origin as well as H. pylori-derived proteases contribute to disease progression at every stage, from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. In the present article, we discuss the importance of (metallo-)proteases in colonization, epithelial inflammation, and barrier disruption in tissue transformation, deregulation of cell proliferation and cell death, as well as tumor metastasis and neoangiogenesis. Proteases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) families, caspases, calpain, and the H. pylori proteases HtrA, Hp1012, and Hp0169 cleave substrates including extracellular matrix molecules, chemokines, and cytokines, as well as their cognate receptors, and thus shape the pathogenic microenvironment. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of how proteases contribute to disease progression in the gastric compartment.
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Crosstalk between E-Cadherin/β-Catenin and NF-κB Signaling Pathways: The Regulation of Host-Pathogen Interaction during Leptospirosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313132. [PMID: 34884937 PMCID: PMC8658460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1 million cases of leptospirosis, an emerging infectious zoonotic disease, are reported each year. Pathogenic Leptospira species express leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins that are rarely expressed in non-pathogenic Leptospira species. The LRR domain-containing protein family is vital for the virulence of pathogenic Leptospira species. In this study, the biological mechanisms of an essential LRR domain protein from pathogenic Leptospira were examined. The effects of Leptospira and recombinant LRR20 (rLRR20) on the expression levels of factors involved in signal transduction were examined using microarray, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. The secreted biomarkers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. rLRR20 colocalized with E-cadherin on the cell surface and activated the downstream transcription factor β-catenin, which subsequently promoted the expression of MMP7, a kidney injury biomarker. Additionally, MMP7 inhibitors were used to demonstrate that the secreted MMP7 degrades surface E-cadherin. This feedback inhibition mechanism downregulated surface E-cadherin expression and inhibited the colonization of Leptospira. The degradation of surface E-cadherin activated the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Leptospirosis-associated acute kidney injury is associated with the secretion of NGAL, a downstream upregulated biomarker of the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. A working model was proposed to illustrate the crosstalk between E-cadherin/β-catenin and NF-κB signal transduction pathways during Leptospira infection. Thus, rLRR20 of Leptospira induces kidney injury in host cells and inhibits the adhesion and invasion of Leptospira through the upregulation of MMP7 and NGAL.
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Moracho N, Learte AIR, Muñoz-Sáez E, Marchena MA, Cid MA, Arroyo AG, Sánchez-Camacho C. Emerging roles of MT-MMPs in embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:240-275. [PMID: 34241926 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are cell membrane-tethered proteinases that belong to the family of the MMPs. Apart from their roles in degradation of the extracellular milieu, MT-MMPs are able to activate through proteolytic processing at the cell surface distinct molecules such as receptors, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and other pericellular proteins. Although most of the information regarding these enzymes comes from cancer studies, our current knowledge about their contribution in distinct developmental processes occurring in the embryo is limited. In this review, we want to summarize the involvement of MT-MMPs in distinct processes during embryonic morphogenesis, including cell migration and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell polarity and branching, axon growth and navigation, synapse formation, and angiogenesis. We also considered information about MT-MMP functions from studies assessed in pathological conditions and compared these data with those relevant for embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moracho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I R Learte
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Sáez
- Department of Health Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Marchena
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Cid
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Camacho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Dong Y, Zhao H, Man J, Fu S, Yang L. MMP-9-mediated regulation of hypoxia-reperfusion injury-related neutrophil inflammation in an in vitro proximal tubular cell model. Ren Fail 2021; 43:900-910. [PMID: 34057033 PMCID: PMC8168740 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1930558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-reperfusion (HR) and inflammation are causes of renal allograft injury. Pathological evidence has indicated that ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to the proteolysis and destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in renal tubular epithelial cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2 and MMP-9, play roles in cleaving and reshaping the ECM. Acute accumulation of MMP-9 secreted from neutrophils promotes the incidence of inflammation and exacerbates graft trauma. Our goal was to investigate the activities of MMP-9/MMP-2 and their correlation with HR injury and neutrophil-related inflammation in renal proximal tubular cells. Methods This model was established by placing HK-2 cells under hypoxic conditions (5% CO2, 1% O2) for 6 h and then exposing them to reperfusion (5% CO2, 21% O2) for 12 h in a tri-gas incubator. The cell culture medium was collected for culturing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). BB-94 (MMP-9 inhibitor) was added to the culture medium in the inhibitor group. Results Flow cytometry showed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HK-2 cells from the HR injury group. MMP-9 expression was significantly increased and MMP-2 expression was significantly decreased in HK-2 cells from the HR group. MMP-9 and MPO expression were significantly increased in the HR group, while MPO expression was significantly decreased in the PMN inhibitor group. Conclusions The outcomes indicated that MMP-9 and MMP-2 are important components of an underlying pathophysiological mechanism of injury following HR. MMP-9 inhibition may be a potential approach to mitigateHR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jiangwei Man
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shengjun Fu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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7
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Baidya SK, Amin SA, Jha T. Outline of gelatinase inhibitors as anti-cancer agents: A patent mini-review for 2010-present. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113044. [PMID: 33279289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in several pathological and physiological functions. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9) have significant attention as therapeutic targets against cancer. Gelatinase inhibitors have demonstrated their effectiveness in several diseases including cancer. However, it is quite a challenging task to develop inhibitors as a therapeutic agent. This review summarizes the patent dedicated to the medicinal chemistry of gelatinase inhibitor reported over last decades. We examine the patent being pursued for gelatinase inhibitor development to highlight the key issues. The main aim is to provide the scientific community with an overview of the patented gelatinase inhibitors to allow further development. During early 2000s, some MMP inhibitors failed to pass the clinical trials. Hence, the lessons learned from early evidence and recent knowledge in that field will rejuvenate the development of selective inhibitors. Various studies and patents have continued in the recent years to expand knowledge. Continuously, our research team has been involved in the design of potent and selective gelatinase inhibitors for the past few years. This study is a part of our efforts. This study may be beneficial in the design and development of better gelatinase inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Baidya
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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8
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Mitschke J, Burk UC, Reinheckel T. The role of proteases in epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transitions in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:431-444. [PMID: 31482486 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changing the characteristics of cells from epithelial states to mesenchymal properties is a key process involved in developmental and physiological processes as well as in many diseases with cancer as the most prominent example. Nowadays, a great deal of work and literature concerns the understanding of the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in terms of its molecular regulation and its implications for cancer. Similar statements can certainly be made regarding the investigation of the more than 500 proteases typically encoded by a mammalian genome. Specifically, the impact of proteases on tumor biology has been a long-standing topic of interest. However, although EMT actively regulates expression of many proteases and proteolytic enzymes are clearly involved in survival, division, differentiation, and movements of cells, information on the diverse roles of proteases in EMT has been rarely compiled. Here we aim to conceptually connect the scientific areas of "EMT" and "protease" research by describing how several important classes of proteolytic enzymes are regulated by EMT and how they are involved in initiation and execution of the EMT program. To do so, we briefly introduce the evolving key features of EMT and its regulation followed by discussion of protease involvement in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mitschke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Burk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, partner site Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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9
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Wang ZR, Chen H, Gao SS, Qiu H, Li HW, Sun ZL, Wang JM. Implications of soluble E-cadherin level of antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105708. [PMID: 31254956 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) has been observed elevated in patients with various diseases, and implicated in the occurrence and development of those diseases. The implications of sE-cadherin in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the significance of sE-cadherin in chronic hepatitis C infection and the correlation with treatment response. METHODS 87 chronic HCV infected patients and 60 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Blood samples from patients receiving the combined treatment of pegylated interferon-a (Peg-IFN-α) with ribavirin (RBV) were collected before treatment, during 4th, 12th therapy weeks, end of the treatment, and 24 weeks post-therapy. Plasma sE-cadherin level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the relationship between sE-cadherin and antiviral treatment outcome was analyzed. RESULTS Plasma sE-cadherin concentrations of Chronic HCV infected patients were significantly higher than that of healthy controls. A strong correlation between sE-cadherin level and the HCV viral load, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and also glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level was detected. Chronic HCV infected patients achieving rapid virological response (RVR) and sustained virological response (SVR) had lower baseline sE-cadherin concentrations compared with the non-RVR and non-SVR groups respectively. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses suggested that baseline plasma sE-cadherin level was predictive of therapeutic effect in patients with chronic HCV infection. CONCLUSION Baseline sE-cadherin level could be considered as an independent predictor of SVR with Peg-IFN-α plus ribavirin therapy in the Chinese Han population chronic HCV infection patients. Effective antiviral therapy might restore sE-cadherin at physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Rong Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Shang-Shang Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, School of Biological and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, School of Biological and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Han-Wen Li
- School of Biological and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-Ling Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, School of Biological and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Jia-Min Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, School of Biological and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
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10
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The Expanding Role of MT1-MMP in Cancer Progression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020077. [PMID: 31137480 PMCID: PMC6630478 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 20 years, membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been recognized as a key component in cancer progression. Initially, the primary roles assigned to MT1-MMP were the activation of proMMP-2 and degradation of fibrillar collagen. Proteomics has revealed a great array of MT1-MMP substrates, and MT1-MMP selective inhibitors have allowed for a more complete mapping of MT1-MMP biological functions. MT1-MMP has extensive sheddase activities, is both a positive and negative regulator of angiogenesis, can act intracellularly and as a transcription factor, and modulates immune responses. We presently examine the multi-faceted role of MT1-MMP in cancer, with a consideration of how the diversity of MT1-MMP behaviors impacts the application of MT1-MMP inhibitors.
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11
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Garmon T, Wittling M, Nie S. MMP14 Regulates Cranial Neural Crest Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Migration. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1083-1092. [PMID: 30079980 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural crest is a vertebrate specific cell population. Induced at lateral borders of the neural plate, neural crest cells (NCCs) subsequently undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to detach from the neuroepithelium before migrating into various locations in the embryo. Despite the wealth of knowledge of transcription factors involved in this process, little is known about the effectors that directly regulate neural crest EMT and migration. RESULTS Here, we examined the activity of matrix metalloproteinase MMP14 in NCCs and found that MMP14 is expressed in both premigratory and migrating NCCs. Overexpression of MMP14 led to premature migration of NCCs, while down-regulation of MMP14 resulted in reduced neural crest migration. Transplantation experiment further showed that MMP14 is required in NCCs, whereas MMP2, which can be activated by MMP14, is required in the surrounding mesenchyme. in vitro explant culture showed that MMP14 is required for neural crest EMT but not for spreading. This is possibly mediated by the changes in cadherin levels, as decreasing MMP14 level led to increased cadherin expression and increasing MMP14 level led to reduced cadherin expression. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that MMP14 is critical for neural crest EMT and migration, partially through regulating the levels of cadherins. Developmental Dynamics 247:1083-1092, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Garmon
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Megen Wittling
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Liu Y, Sun X, Feng J, Deng LL, Liu Y, Li B, Zhu M, Lu C, Zhou L. MT2-MMP induces proteolysis and leads to EMT in carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48193-48205. [PMID: 27374080 PMCID: PMC5217011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis. To investigate the role of membrane-type-2 matrix metalloproteinase (MT2-MMP) in EMT, we generated lentiviral constructs of wild-type (WT) and an inactive Glu260Ala (E260A) mutant MT2-MMP and derived stably transfected HCT116 and A549 cell lines. WT-transfected cells appeared mesenchymal-like, whereas cells transfected with the E260A mutant were epithelial-like, as were cells treated with an MMP inhibitor (GM6001). Expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and zonula occludens-1 was lower in cells transfected with WT MT2-MMP compared to vector controls, cells treated with GM6001, or cells transfected with the E260A mutant. An 80-kD N-terminal fragment of E-cadherin was immunoprecipitated in conditioned medium from WT MT2-MMP cells, but not in the medium from vector controls, cells treated with GM6001, or E260A mutant cells. When endogenous expression of MT2-MMP in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells was inhibited using GM6001 or MT2-MMP-specific siRNA, levels of the 80-kD E-cadherin fragment in conditioned medium were decreased. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane invasion assays demonstrated that cells transfected with WT MT2-MMP were more invasive than cells transfected with control vector, treated with GM6001, or transfected with the E260A mutant. These results suggest that MT2-MMP degrades adherens and tight junction proteins and results in EMT, making it a potential mediator of EMT in carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojiao Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfa Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Li Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bokang Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changlian Lu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Limsakul P, Peng Q, Wu Y, Allen ME, Liang J, Remacle AG, Lopez T, Ge X, Kay BK, Zhao H, Strongin AY, Yang XL, Lu S, Wang Y. Directed Evolution to Engineer Monobody for FRET Biosensor Assembly and Imaging at Live-Cell Surface. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:370-379.e4. [PMID: 29396288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring enzymatic activities at the cell surface is challenging due to the poor efficiency of transport and membrane integration of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors. Therefore, we developed a hybrid biosensor with separate donor and acceptor that assemble in situ. The directed evolution and sequence-function analysis technologies were integrated to engineer a monobody variant (PEbody) that binds to R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) dye. PEbody was used for visualizing the dynamic formation/separation of intercellular junctions. We further fused PEbody with the enhanced CFP and an enzyme-specific peptide at the extracellular surface to create a hybrid FRET biosensor upon R-PE capture for monitoring membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) activities. This biosensor revealed asymmetric distribution of MT1-MMP activities, which were high and low at loose and stable cell-cell contacts, respectively. Therefore, directed evolution and rational design are promising tools to engineer molecular binders and hybrid FRET biosensors for monitoring molecular regulations at the surface of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praopim Limsakul
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yiqian Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Molly E Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Albert G Remacle
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tyler Lopez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Kay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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14
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Klymenko Y, Kim O, Stack MS. Complex Determinants of Epithelial: Mesenchymal Phenotypic Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080104. [PMID: 28792442 PMCID: PMC5575607 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike most epithelial malignancies which metastasize hematogenously, metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) occurs primarily via transcoelomic dissemination, characterized by exfoliation of cells from the primary tumor, avoidance of detachment-induced cell death (anoikis), movement throughout the peritoneal cavity as individual cells and multi-cellular aggregates (MCAs), adhesion to and disruption of the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum, and submesothelial matrix anchoring and proliferation to generate widely disseminated metastases. This exceptional microenvironment is highly permissive for phenotypic plasticity, enabling mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transitions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on EOC heterogeneity in an EMT context, outline major regulators of EMT in ovarian cancer, address controversies in EMT and EOC chemoresistance, and highlight computational modeling approaches toward understanding EMT/MET in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Klymenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Oleg Kim
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
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15
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Barnes RH, Akama T, Öhman MK, Woo MS, Bahr J, Weiss SJ, Eitzman DT, Chun TH. Membrane-Tethered Metalloproteinase Expressed by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Limits the Progression of Proliferative Atherosclerotic Lesions. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e003693. [PMID: 28735290 PMCID: PMC5586255 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) family plays diverse and critical roles in directing vascular wall remodeling in atherosclerosis. Unlike secreted-type MMPs, a member of the membrane-type MMP family, MT1-MMP (membrane-type 1 MMP; MMP14), mediates pericellular extracellular matrix degradation that is indispensable for maintaining physiological extracellular matrix homeostasis. However, given the premature mortality exhibited by MT1-MMP-null mice, the potential role of the proteinase in atherogenesis remains elusive. We sought to determine the effects of both MT1-MMP heterozygosity and tissue-specific gene targeting on atherogenesis in APOE (apolipoprotein E)-null mice. METHODS AND RESULTS MT1-MMP heterozygosity in the APOE-null background (Mmp14+/-Apoe-/- ) significantly promoted atherogenesis relative to Mmp14+/+Apoe-/- mice. Furthermore, the tissue-specific deletion of MT1-MMP from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in SM22α-Cre(+)Mmp14F/FApoe-/- (VSMC-knockout) mice likewise increased the severity of atherosclerotic lesions. Although VSMC-knockout mice also developed progressive atherosclerotic aneurysms in their iliac arteries, macrophage- and adipose-specific MT1-MMP-knockout mice did not display this sensitized phenotype. In VSMC-knockout mice, atherosclerotic lesions were populated by hyperproliferating VSMCs (smooth muscle actin- and Ki67-double-positive cells) that were characterized by a proinflammatory gene expression profile. Finally, MT1-MMP-null VSMCs cultured in a 3-dimensional spheroid model system designed to mimic in vivo-like cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, likewise displayed markedly increased proliferative potential. CONCLUSIONS MT1-MMP expressed by VSMCs plays a key role in limiting the progression of atherosclerosis in APOE-null mice by regulating proliferative responses and inhibiting the deterioration of VSMC function in atherogenic vascular walls.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Communication
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell-Matrix Junctions/enzymology
- Cell-Matrix Junctions/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heterozygote
- Iliac Artery/enzymology
- Iliac Artery/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14/deficiency
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Barnes
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Takeshi Akama
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Miina K Öhman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Moon-Sook Woo
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julian Bahr
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel T Eitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tae-Hwa Chun
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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16
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Bai X, Li YY, Zhang HY, Wang F, He HL, Yao JC, Liu L, Li SS. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2837-2847. [PMID: 28652766 PMCID: PMC5476773 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s134813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be a crucial event during the early metastasis of tumor cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is involved in the process of EMT in a variety of human malignancies. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, and its expression is regulated by various growth factors, including TGF-β1, in different cell types. To date, the role of MMP-9 in TGF-β1-induced EMT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying MMP-9-mediated TGF-β1 induction of EMT in ESCC. We analyzed the expression of MMP-9, E-cadherin, and vimentin, in ESCC cells (EC-1), before and after the treatment with exogenous TGF-β1 or a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor, GM6001. Additionally, we analyzed the activity of MMP-9 in these cells and performed MMP-9 knockdown experiments. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the treatment of EC-1 cells with TGF-β1 can induce EMT, together with the upregulation of vimentin and downregulation of E-cadherin expression in a time-dependent manner. The treatment with GM6001 was shown to attenuate TGF-β1-induced EMT. Furthermore, the exposure of EC-1 cells to TGF-β1 increased the expression and activity of MMP-9, while MMP-9 knockdown blocked TGF-β1-induced EMT and inhibited cell invasiveness and migration. Additionally, treatment with the recombinant human MMP-9 was shown to induce EMT and enhance ESCC cell invasion and metastasis. The obtained data suggest that the regulation of MMP-9 by TGF-β1 may represent a novel mechanism underlying TGF-β1-induced EMT in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University
| | - Yun-Yun Li
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University.,Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University
| | - Hong-Liu He
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University
| | - Jin-Chao Yao
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University
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17
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Parrish AR. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Kidney Disease: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:31-65. [PMID: 28662825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are large family of proteinases. In addition to a fundamental role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, they also cleave a number of cell surface proteins and are involved in multiple cellular processes. MMP activity is regulated via numerous mechanisms, including inhibition by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Similar to MMPs, a role for TIMPs has been established in multiple cell signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of MMPs and TIMPS in renal pathophysiology has long been recognized, and with the generation of specific knockout mice, the mechanistic role of several MMPs and TIMPs is becoming more understood and has revealed both pathogenic and protective roles. This chapter will focus on the expression and localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the kidney, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In addition, we will summarize studies suggesting that MMPs and TIMPs may be biomarkers of renal dysfunction and represent novel therapeutic targets to attenuate kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Parrish
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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18
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Izaguirre MF, Casco VH. E-cadherin roles in animal biology: A perspective on thyroid hormone-influence. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:27. [PMID: 27814736 PMCID: PMC5097364 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment, remodeling and maintenance of tissular architecture during animal development, and even across juvenile to adult life, are deeply regulated by a delicate interplay of extracellular signals, cell membrane receptors and intracellular signal messengers. It is well known that cell adhesion molecules (cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix) play a critical role in these processes. Particularly, adherens junctions (AJs) mediated by E-cadherin and catenins determine cell-cell contact survival and epithelia function. Consequently, this review seeks to encompass the complex and prolific knowledge about E-cadherin roles during physiological and pathological states, particularly focusing on the influence exerted by the thyroid hormone (TH).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Izaguirre
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería (Bioingeniería-Bioinformática), Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Victor Hugo Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería (Bioingeniería-Bioinformática), Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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19
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p38 MAPK mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating p38IP and Snail in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:81-9. [PMID: 27531877 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we investigated the role of p38-p38IP signaling in the inflammation-induced promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR, western blot analysis, spheroid modeling and immunohistochemical staining of human HNSCC tissue sections were used. RESULTS p38 inhibitor treated and p38 shRNA HNSCC cell lines demonstrate a significant upregulation in E-cadherin mRNA and a decrease in the mRNA expression of Snail. p38 binds to and stabilizes p38IP, a subunit of histone SPT3-TAF9-GCN5 acetyltransferase (STAGA), resulting in enhanced transcription of Snail. p38 shRNA HNSCC cell lines show a less invasive phenotype in a spheroid model. In clinical HNSCC samples, p38 interacting protein (p38IP) is significantly increased compared to adjacent normal tissue. An inverse relationship between p38, p38IP and E-cadherin is demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Herein we provide the first report that p38-p38IP is required for the Snail-induced E-cadherin down-regulation and cell invasion in HNSCC.
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20
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Shen B, He Y, Zhou S, Zhao H, Mei M, Wu X. TRPC6 May Protect Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibiting Necroptosis of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:633-41. [PMID: 26913924 PMCID: PMC4771094 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of TRPC6 in the pathophysiology of HK-2 cell injury following ischemia reperfusion (I/R). MATERIAL AND METHODS TRPC6 expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. siRNA was transfected to knockout of TRPC6 in HK-2 cells, and in vitro I/R was then induced. Cell apoptosis and necrosis were determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Necroptosis was determined by necrostatin-1 and expressions of necroptosis-related proteins were evaluated. OAG, SKF96365, or KN-93 was further used to interfere with TRPC6 expression. RESULTS Cytoplasmic TRPC6 expression was demonstrated. I/R induced TRPC6 expression in normal or NC siRNA-transfected cells but not in TRPC6 siRNA-knockout ones. There was a progressive increase in apoptotic and necrotic cells with increasing reoxygenation time in all 3 groups, while necrosis in TRPC6 siRNA-transfected cells was comparatively higher than that of the other 2 groups (p<0.05). Expressions of necroptosis-related proteins were interfered with following I/R and these effects were enhanced by TRPC6 siRNA. Application of OAG, SKF96365, or KN93 further affected necroptosis following I/R. CONCLUSIONS This study described the expression and functional relevance of TRPC6 in the pathophysiology of HK-2 cell following I/R. Our results regarding the ability of TRPC6 to specifically interrupt necroptosis may shed new light on its role in prevention and control of ischemic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingBing Shen
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yue He
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Hongwen Zhao
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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21
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Belo VA, Guimarães DA, Castro MM. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 as a Potential Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Chronic Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:221-31. [PMID: 26731549 DOI: 10.1159/000441621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For vascular remodeling in hypertension, it is essential that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) reshape in order to proliferate and migrate. The extracellular matrix (ECM) needs to be degraded to favor VSMC migration. Many proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), contribute to ECM proteolysis and VSMC migration. Bioactive peptides, hemodynamic forces and reactive oxygen-nitrogen species regulate MMP-2 expression and activity. Increased MMP-2 activity contributes to hypertension-induced maladaptive arterial changes and sustained hypertension. New ECM is synthesized to supply VSMCs with bioactive mediators, which stimulate hypertrophy. MMP-2 stimulates the interaction of VSMCs with newly formed ECM, which triggers intracellular signaling via integrins to induce a phenotypic switch and persistent migration. VSMCs switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype in order to migrate and contribute to vascular remodeling in hypertension. MMPs also disrupt growth factors bound to ECM, thus contributing to their capacity to regulate VSMC migration. This review sheds light on the proteolytic effects of MMP-2 on ECM and non-ECM substrates in the vasculature and how these effects contribute to VSMC migration in hypertension. The inhibition of MMP activity as a therapeutic target may make it possible to reduce arterial maladaptation caused by hypertension and prevent the resulting fatal cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Belo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sx00E3;o Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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22
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Monickaraj F, McGuire PG, Nitta CF, Ghosh K, Das A. Cathepsin D: an Mϕ-derived factor mediating increased endothelial cell permeability with implications for alteration of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy. FASEB J 2015; 30:1670-82. [PMID: 26718887 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We have previously reported increased monocyte (Mono) trafficking into the retinas of diabetic animals. In this study, we have examined the effect of activated Monos on retinal endothelial cells (ECs). The U937 Mϕ-conditioned medium (CM) significantly decreased the transendothelial resistance of EC monolayers as measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (P= 0.007). The CM was fractioned, and the effective fraction (30-100 kDa) was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and cathepsin D (CD) was identified as a major secreted product. Immunoprecipitated CD resulted in decreased resistance in ECs (P= 0.006). The specificity of CD in mediating alterations of the EC barrier was confirmed using small interfering RNA. The decreased resistance correlated with a significantly increased gap between ECs. CD altered the Ras homolog gene family, member A/Rho-associated kinase pathway with increased stress actin filament formation in the EC layer. Increased CD levels were found in the retinas of diabetic mice (3-fold) and serum samples of patients with diabetic macular edema (1.6-fold) measured by Western blot and ELISA. These findings suggest an important role for Mϕ-derived CD in altering the blood-retinal barrier and reveal a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of DR.-Monickaraj, F., McGuire, P. G., Nitta, C. F., Ghosh, K., Das, A. Cathepsin D: an Mϕ-derived factor mediating increased endothelial cell permeability with implications for alteration of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finny Monickaraj
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Paul G McGuire
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Carolina Franco Nitta
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Kaustabh Ghosh
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Arup Das
- *Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Ho WT, Chang JS, Su CC, Chang SW, Hu FR, Jou TS, Wang IJ. Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Reverses Corneal Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Kuriyama S, Yoshida M, Yano S, Aiba N, Kohno T, Minamiya Y, Goto A, Tanaka M. LPP inhibits collective cell migration during lung cancer dissemination. Oncogene 2015; 35:952-64. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Gutiérrez-Vargas JA, Cespedes-Rubio A, Cardona-Gómez GP. Perspective of synaptic protection after post-infarction treatment with statins. J Transl Med 2015; 13:118. [PMID: 25884826 PMCID: PMC4403706 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death in people over 45 years of age in Colombia and is the leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. Cerebral ischemia is a stroke characterized by decreased blood flow due to the occlusion of one or more cerebral arteries, which can cause memory problems and hemiplegia or paralysis, among other impairments. The literature contains hundreds of therapies (invasive and noninvasive) that exhibit a neuroprotective effect when evaluated in animal models. However, in clinical trials, most of these drugs do not reproduce the previously demonstrated neuroprotective property, and some even have adverse effects that had not previously been detected in animal experimentation. Statins are drugs that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Several studies have shown that statin therapy in an animal model of focal cerebral ischemia reduces infarct volume, as well as markers of neurodegeneration, activates neuronal survival pathways, and improves performance on learning and memory tests. Given the implied therapeutic benefit and the limited understanding of the mechanism of action of statins in brain repair, it is necessary to address the biochemical and tissue effects of these drugs on synaptic proteins, such as NMDA receptors, synaptic adhesion proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins; these proteins are highly relevant therapeutic targets, which, in addition to giving a structural account of synaptic connectivity and function, are also indicators of cellular communication and the integrity of the blood–brain barrier, which are widely affected in the long term post-cerebral infarct but, interestingly, are protected by statins when administered during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Andrea Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Angel Cespedes-Rubio
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. .,Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Department of Animal Health - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Tolima, Ibague, Colombia.
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Wiechmann AF, Ceresa BP, Howard EW. Diurnal variation of tight junction integrity associates inversely with matrix metalloproteinase expression in Xenopus laevis corneal epithelium: implications for circadian regulation of homeostatic surface cell desquamation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113810. [PMID: 25412440 PMCID: PMC4239109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The corneal epithelium provides a protective barrier against pathogen entrance and abrasive forces, largely due to the intercellular junctional complexes between neighboring cells. After a prescribed duration at the corneal surface, tight junctions between squamous surface cells must be disrupted to enable them to desquamate as a component of the tissue homeostatic renewal. We hypothesize that matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) are secreted by corneal epithelial cells and cleave intercellular junctional proteins extracellularly at the epithelial surface. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of specific MMPs and tight junction proteins during both the light and dark phases of the circadian cycle, and to assess their temporal and spatial relationships in the Xenopus laevis corneal epithelium. Methodology/Principal Findings Expression of MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2), membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) and the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-4 were examined by confocal double-label immunohistochemistry on corneas obtained from Xenopus frogs at different circadian times. Occludin and claudin-4 expression was generally uniformly intact on the surface corneal epithelial cell lateral membranes during the daytime, but was frequently disrupted in small clusters of cells at night. Concomitantly, MMP-2 expression was often elevated in a mosaic pattern at nighttime and associated with clusters of desquamating surface cells. The MMP-2 binding partners, TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP were also localized to surface corneal epithelial cells during both the light and dark phases, with TIMP-2 tending to be elevated during the daytime. Conclusions/Significance MMP-2 protein expression is elevated in a mosaic pattern in surface corneal epithelial cells during the nighttime in Xenopus laevis, and may play a role in homeostatic surface cell desquamation by disrupting intercellular junctional proteins. The sequence of MMP secretion and activation, tight junction protein cleavage, and subsequent surface cell desquamation and renewal may be orchestrated by nocturnal circadian signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan F. Wiechmann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian P. Ceresa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Howard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Hsieh LTH, Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Soluble biglycan as a biomarker of inflammatory renal diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:223-35. [PMID: 25091702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal inflammation is often associated with a progressive accumulation of various extracellular matrix constituents, including several members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) gene family. It is becoming increasingly evident that the matrix-unbound SLRPs strongly regulate the progression of inflammation and fibrosis. Soluble SLRPs are generated either via partial proteolytic processing of collagenous matrices or by de novo synthesis evoked by stress or injury. Liberated SLRPs can then bind to and activate Toll-like receptors, thus modulating downstream inflammatory signaling. Preclinical animal models and human studies have recently identified soluble biglycan as a key initiator and regulator of various inflammatory renal diseases. Biglycan, generated by activated macrophages, can enter the circulation and its elevated levels in plasma and renal parenchyma correlate with unfavorable renal function and outcome. In this review, we will focus on the critical role of soluble biglycan in inflammatory signaling in various renal disorders. Moreover, we will provide new data implicating proinflammatory effects of soluble decorin in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Finally, we will critically evaluate the potential application of soluble biglycan vis-à-vis other SLRPs (decorin, lumican and fibromodulin) as a promising target and novel biomarker of inflammatory renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tzung-Harn Hsieh
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Madalina-Viviana Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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JIN HANA, LEE WONSUP, EUN SOYOUNG, JUNG JIHYUN, PARK HYEONSOO, KIM GONSUP, CHOI YUNGHYUN, RYU CHUNGHO, JUNG JINMYUNG, HONG SOONCHAN, SHIN SUNGCHUL, KIM HYEJUNG. Morin, a flavonoid from Moraceae, suppresses growth and invasion of the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 partly through suppression of the Akt pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1629-37. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nava P, Kamekura R, Nusrat A. Cleavage of transmembrane junction proteins and their role in regulating epithelial homeostasis. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24783. [PMID: 24665393 PMCID: PMC3879235 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues form a selective barrier that separates the external environment from the internal tissue milieu. Single epithelial cells are densely packed and associate via distinct intercellular junctions. Intercellular junction proteins not only control barrier properties of the epithelium but also play an important role in regulating epithelial homeostasis that encompasses cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and regulated shedding. Recent studies have revealed that several proteases target epithelial junction proteins during physiological maturation as well as in pathologic states such as inflammation and cancer. This review discusses mechanisms and biological consequences of transmembrane junction protein cleavage. The influence of junction protein cleavage products on pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio Nava
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA ; Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV); México DF, Mexico
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA
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Dragoi AM, Swiss R, Gao B, Agaisse H. Novel strategies to enforce an epithelial phenotype in mesenchymal cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3659-72. [PMID: 24845104 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin downregulation in cancer cells is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic prowess, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely characterized. In this study, we probed E-cadherin expression at the plasma membrane as a functional assay to identify genes involved in E-cadherin downregulation. The assay was based on the E-cadherin-dependent invasion properties of the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. On the basis of a functional readout, automated microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis were used to screen siRNAs targeting 7,000 human genes. The validity of the screen was supported by its definition of several known regulators of E-cadherin expression, including ZEB1, HDAC1, and MMP14. We identified three new regulators (FLASH, CASP7, and PCGF1), the silencing of which was sufficient to restore high levels of E-cadherin transcription. In addition, we identified two new regulators (FBXL5 and CAV2), the silencing of which was sufficient to increase E-cadherin expression at a posttranscriptional level. FLASH silencing regulated the expression of E-cadherin and other ZEB1-dependent genes, through posttranscriptional regulation of ZEB1, but it also regulated the expression of numerous ZEB1-independent genes with functions predicted to contribute to a restoration of the epithelial phenotype. Finally, we also report the identification of siRNA duplexes that potently restored the epithelial phenotype by mimicking the activity of known and putative microRNAs. Our findings suggest new ways to enforce epithelial phenotypes as a general strategy to treat cancer by blocking invasive and metastatic phenotypes associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Dragoi
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rachel Swiss
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Beile Gao
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hervé Agaisse
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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31
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Sun Z, Parrish AR, Hill MA, Meininger GA. N-cadherin, A Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecule: Function and Signaling for Vasomotor Control. Microcirculation 2014; 21:208-18. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Alan R. Parrish
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
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Mariscotti JF, Quereda JJ, García-Del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG. The Listeria monocytogenes LPXTG surface protein Lmo1413 is an invasin with capacity to bind mucin. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:393-404. [PMID: 24572033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-positive bacterial pathogens use surface proteins covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan to cause disease. Bacteria of the genus Listeria have the largest number of surface proteins of this family. Every Listeria genome sequenced to date contains more than forty genes encoding surface proteins bearing anchoring-domains with an LPXTG motif that is recognized for covalent linkage to the peptidoglycan. About one-third of these proteins are present exclusively in pathogenic Listeria species, with some of them acting as adhesins or invasins that promote bacterial entry into eukaryotic cells. Here, we investigated two LPXTG surface proteins of the pathogen L. monocytogenes, Lmo1413 and Lmo2085, of unknown function and absent in non-pathogenic Listeria species. Lack of these two proteins does not affect bacterial adhesion or invasion of host cells using in vitro infection models. However, expression of Lmo1413 promotes entry of the non-invasive species L. innocua into non-phagocytic host cells, an effect not observed with Lmo2085. Moreover, overproduction of Lmo1413, but not Lmo2085, increases the invasion rate in non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells of an L. monocytogenes mutant deficient in the acting-binding protein ActA. Unexpectedly, production of full-length Lmo1413 and InlA exhibited opposite trends in a high percentage of L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from different sources. The idea of Lmo1413 playing a role as a new auxiliary invasin was also sustained by assays revealing that purified Lmo1413 binds to mucin via its MucBP domains. Taken together, these data indicate that Lmo1413, which we rename LmiA, for Listeria-mucin-binding invasin-A, may promote interaction of bacteria with adhesive host protective components and, in this manner, facilitate bacterial entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Mariscotti
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CBMSO-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Planar cell polarity proteins differentially regulate extracellular matrix organization and assembly during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev Biol 2013; 383:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Antibody-directed coupling of endoglin and MMP-14 is a key mechanism for endoglin shedding and deregulation of TGF-β signaling. Oncogene 2013; 33:3970-9. [PMID: 24077288 PMCID: PMC3969897 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoglin is a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) coreceptor that serves as a prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic vascular target in human cancer. A number of endoglin ectodomain-targeting antibodies (Abs) can effectively suppress both normal and tumor-associated angiogenesis, but their molecular actions remain poorly characterized. Here we define a key mechanism for TRACON105 (TRC105), a humanized monoclonal Ab in clinical trials for treatment of advanced or metastatic tumors. TRC105, along with several other endoglin Abs tested, enhance endoglin shedding through direct coupling of endoglin and the membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 at the cell surface to release the antiangiogenic factor, soluble endoglin (sEng). In addition to this coupling process, endoglin shedding is further amplified by increased MMP-14 expression that requires TRC105 concentration-dependent c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. There were also notable counterbalancing effects on canonical Smad signaling in which TRC105 abrogated both the steady-state and TGF-β-induced Smad1/5/8 activation while augmenting Smad2/3 activation. Interestingly, TRC105-induced sEng and aberrant Smad signaling resulted in an excessive migratory response through enhanced stress fiber formation and disruption of endothelial cell–cell junctions. Collectively, our study defines endoglin shedding and deregulated TGF-β signaling during migration as major mechanisms by which TRC105 inhibits angiogenesis.
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Lu H, Hu L, Yu L, Wang X, Urvalek AM, Li T, Shen C, Mukherjee D, Lahiri SK, Wason MS, Zhao J. KLF8 and FAK cooperatively enrich the active MMP14 on the cell surface required for the metastatic progression of breast cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:2909-17. [PMID: 23812425 PMCID: PMC3929536 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) regulates critical gene transcription associated with cancer. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain largely unidentified. We have recently demonstrated that KLF8 expression enhances the activity but not expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), the target substrate of MMP14. Here, we report a novel KLF8 to MMP14 signaling that promotes human breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Using cell lines for inducible expression and knockdown of KLF8, we demonstrate that KLF8 promotes MMP14 expression at the transcriptional level. Knocking down KLF8 expression inhibited the breast cancer cell invasion both in vitro and in vivo as well as the lung metastasis in mice, which could be rescued by ectopic expression of MMP14. Promoter reporter assays and oligonucleotide and chromatin immunoprecipitations determined that KLF8 activates the human MMP14 gene promoter by both directly acting on the promoter and indirectly via promoting the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, the expression of T-cell factor-1 (TCF1) and subsequent activation of the promoter by the β-catenin/TCF1 complex. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) using pharmacological inhibitor, RNA interference or knockout showed that the cell surface presentation of active MMP14 downstream of KLF8 depends on FAK expression and activity. Taken together, this work identified novel signaling mechanisms by which KLF8 and FAK work together to promote the extracellular activity of MMP14 critical for breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - L Hu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - L Yu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - X Wang
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - A M Urvalek
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - T Li
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - C Shen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - D Mukherjee
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - S K Lahiri
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - M S Wason
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - J Zhao
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Lu W, Zhu J, Zou S, Li X, Huang J. The efficient expression of human fibroblast collagenase in Escherichia coli and the discovery of flavonoid inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:741-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.681650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology,
Shanghai, China
| | - Junsheng Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology,
Shanghai, China
| | - Shien Zou
- The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology,
Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology,
Shanghai, China
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Liu Y, Burkhalter R, Symowicz J, Chaffin K, Ellerbroek S, Stack MS. Lysophosphatidic Acid disrupts junctional integrity and epithelial cohesion in ovarian cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:501492. [PMID: 22593767 PMCID: PMC3346998 DOI: 10.1155/2012/501492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer metastasizes via exfoliation of free-floating cells and multicellular aggregates from the primary tumor to the peritoneal cavity. A key event in EOC metastasis is disruption of cell-cell contacts via modulation of intercellular junctional components including cadherins. Ascites is rich in lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid that may promote early events in ovarian cancer dissemination. The objective of this paper was to assess the effect of LPA on E-cadherin junctional integrity. We report a loss of junctional E-cadherin in OVCAR3, OVCA429, and OVCA433 cells exposed to LPA. LPA-induced loss of E-cadherin was concentration and time dependent. LPA increased MMP-9 expression and promoted MMP-9-catalyzed E-cadherin ectodomain shedding. Blocking LPA receptor signaling inhibited MMP-9 expression and restored junctional E-cadherin staining. LPA-treated cells demonstrated a significant decrease in epithelial cohesion. Together these data support a model wherein LPA induces MMP-9 expression and MMP-9-catalyzed E-cadherin ectodomain shedding, resulting in loss of E-cadherin junctional integrity and epithelial cohesion, facilitating metastatic dissemination of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
| | - Rebecca Burkhalter
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jaime Symowicz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kim Chaffin
- Department of Chemistry, Wartburg College, Waverly, IA 50677, USA
| | - Shawn Ellerbroek
- Department of Chemistry, Wartburg College, Waverly, IA 50677, USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
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Apostolidou E, Paraskeva E, Gourgoulianis K, Molyvdas PA, Hatzoglou C. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 increase permeability of sheep pleura in vitro. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 12:2. [PMID: 22424238 PMCID: PMC3337816 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-12-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 are two gelatinase members which have been found elevated in exudative pleural effusions. In endothelial cells these MMPs increase paracellular permeability via the disruption of tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and claudin. In the present study it was investigated if MMP2 and MMP9 alter permeability properties of the pleura tissue by degradation of TJ proteins in pleural mesothelium. RESULTS In the present study the transmesothelial resistance (RTM) of sheep pleura tissue was recorded in Ussing chambers after the addition of MMP2 or MMP9. Both enzymes reduced RTM of the pleura, implying an increase in pleural permeability. The localization and expression of TJ proteins, occludin and claudin-1, were assessed after incubation with MMPs by indirect immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Our results revealed that incubation with MMPs did not alter neither proteins localization at cell periphery nor their expression. CONCLUSIONS MMP2 and MMP9 increase the permeability of sheep pleura and this finding suggests a role for MMPs in pleural fluid formation. Tight junction proteins remain intact after incubation with MMPs, contrary to previous studies which have shown TJ degradation by MMPs. Probably MMP2 and MMP9 augment pleural permeability via other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Apostolidou
- Department of Physiology, University of Thessaly Medical School, Larissa, Biopolis 41110, Greece.
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Giebultowicz J, Polanska-Plachta M, Wroczynski P, Zaborowski P, Polanski JA. How echinoccocosis affects potential cancer markers in plasma: galectin-3, sN-cadherin and sE-cadherin? A preliminary report. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:17. [PMID: 22340429 PMCID: PMC3355024 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of publications are suggesting that galectin-3 (Gal-3) and soluble cadherin fragments, such as E-cadherin (sE-CAD) and N-cadherin (sN-CAD), may be considered as cancer markers. Despite the promising results of the studies, there are no data concerning their levels in the plasma of echinococcosis patients. In most cases, echinoccocosis affects the liver, and its symptoms and disease course are very similar to those of liver cancer. The aim of the present study was to observe whether echinococcosis affects the concentration of soluble sN-CAD, sE-CAD fragments and Gal-3 in plasma and to determine which of them could be considered reliable liver cancer markers for further research. Methods The concentrations of sN-CAD, sE-CAD and Gal-3 in the EDTA plasma of patients suffering from echinococcosis (N = 20), liver cancers (N = 10) and healthy subjects (N = 20) were measured using the ELISA method. Results The plasma concentration of sE-CAD was lower (p = 0.0381), and that of Gal-3 higher (p = 0.0288), in echinococcosis than in the healthy group. However, only the concentration of sE-CAD differed significantly among the three analysed groups. In echinococcosis there was a correlation between the sE-CAD and CRP levels (rs = 0.79; p = 0.0066) as well as a correlation between the sE-CAD level and the number of leukocytes (rs = 0.65; p = 0.0210) in the blood. Conclusions Echinococcosis affects the concentration of soluble sE-CAD fragments and Gal-3 in plasma. sE-CAD can be considered as a marker for differentiation between liver cancer and echinoccocossis, a parasitic liver disease similar in symptoms. Further study is required to confirm these preliminary results. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2115657402650448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Giebultowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland.
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Eldred JA, Dawes LJ, Wormstone IM. The lens as a model for fibrotic disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:1301-19. [PMID: 21402588 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis affects multiple organs and is associated with hyperproliferation, cell transdifferentiation, matrix modification and contraction. It is therefore essential to discover the key drivers of fibrotic events, which in turn will facilitate the development of appropriate therapeutic strategies. The lens is an elegant experimental model to study the processes that give rise to fibrosis. The molecular and cellular organization of the lens is well defined and consequently modifications associated with fibrosis can be clearly assessed. Moreover, the avascular and non-innervated properties of the lens allow effective in vitro studies to be employed that complement in vivo systems and relate to clinical data. Using the lens as a model for fibrosis has direct relevance to millions affected by lens disorders, but also serves as a valuable experimental tool to understand fibrosis per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Eldred
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Dejonckheere E, Vandenbroucke RE, Libert C. Matrix metalloproteinases as drug targets in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:762-78. [PMID: 21745586 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deficient blood supply (ischemia) is a common consequence of some surgical procedures and certain pathologies. Once blood circulation is re-established (reperfusion), a complex series of events results in recruitment of inflammatory cells, rearrangement of the extracellular matrix and induction of cell death, which lead to organ dysfunction. Although ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important cause of death, there is no effective therapy targeting the molecular mechanism of disease progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are important regulators of many cellular activities, have a central role in disease progression after I/R injury, as suggested by numerous studies using MMP inhibitors or MMP-deficient mice. Here, we review the involvement of MMP activity in the various processes following I/R injury and the therapeutic potential of MMP inhibition.
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Reis SA, Thompson MN, Lee JM, Fossale E, Kim HH, Liao JK, Moskowitz MA, Shaw SY, Dong L, Haggarty SJ, MacDonald ME, Seong IS. Striatal neurons expressing full-length mutant huntingtin exhibit decreased N-cadherin and altered neuritogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:2344-55. [PMID: 21447599 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanded CAG repeat that causes striatal cell vulnerability in Huntington's disease (HD) encodes a polyglutamine tract in full-length huntingtin that is correlated with cellular [ATP] and [ATP/ADP]. Since striatal neurons are vulnerable to energy deficit, we have investigated, in Hdh CAG knock-in mice and striatal cells, the hypothesis that decreased energetics may affect neuronal (N)-cadherin, a candidate energy-sensitive adhesion protein that may contribute to HD striatal cell sensitivity. In vivo, N-cadherin was sensitive to ischemia and to the effects of full-length mutant huntingtin, progressively decreasing in Hdh(Q111) striatum with age. In cultured striatal cells, N-cadherin was decreased by ATP depletion and STHdh(Q111) striatal cells exhibited dramatically decreased N-cadherin, due to decreased Cdh2 mRNA and enhanced N-cadherin turnover, which was partially normalized by adenine supplementation to increase [ATP] and [ATP/ADP]. Consistent with decreased N-cadherin function, STHdh(Q111) striatal cells displayed profound deficits in calcium-dependent N-cadherin-mediated cell clustering and cell-substratum adhesion, and primary Hdh(Q111) striatal neuronal cells exhibited decreased N-cadherin and an abundance of immature neurites, featuring diffuse, rather than clustered, staining for N-cadherin and synaptic vesicle markers, which was partially rescued by adenine treatment. Thus, mutant full-length huntingtin, via energetic deficit, contributes to decreased N-cadherin levels in striatal neurons, with detrimental effects on neurite maturation, strongly suggesting that N-cadherin-mediated signaling merits investigation early in the HD pathogenic disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya A Reis
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Theveneau E, Mayor R. Collective cell migration of the cephalic neural crest: The art of integrating information. Genesis 2011; 49:164-76. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix degradation are critical for the initiation and progression of tumor invasion. We have recently identified Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) as a critical inducer of EMT and invasion. KLF8 induces EMT primarily by repressing E-cadherin transcription. However, how KLF8 promotes invasion is unknown. Here we report a novel KLF8-to-MMP9 signaling that promotes human breast cancer invasion. To identify the potential KLF8 regulation of MMPs in breast cancer, we established two inducible cell lines that allow either KLF8 overexpression in MCF-10A or knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells. KLF8 overexpression induced a strong increase in MMP9 expression and activity as determined by quantitative real-time PCR and zymography. This induction was well correlated with the MMP inhibitor-sensitive Matrigel invasion. Conversely, KLF8 knockdown caused the opposite changes that could be partially prevented by MMP9 overexpression. Promoter-reporter assays and chromatin and oligonucleotide precipitations determined that KLF8 directly bound and activated the human MMP9 gene promoter. Three-dimensional (3D) glandular culture showed that KLF8 expression disrupted the normal acinus formation which could be prevented by the MMP inhibitor, whereas KLF8 knockdown corrected the abnormal 3D architecture which could be protected by MMP9 overexpression. KLF8 knockdown promoted MDA-MB-231 cell aggregation in suspension culture which could be prevented by MMP9 overexpression. KLF8 knockdown inhibited the lung metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. Immunohistochemical staining strongly correlated the co-expression of KLF8 and MMP9 with the patient tumor invasion, metastasis and poor survival. Taken together, this work identified the KLF8 activation of MMP9 as a novel and critical signaling mechanism underlying human breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Craig SEL, Brady-Kalnay SM. Cancer cells cut homophilic cell adhesion molecules and run. Cancer Res 2010; 71:303-9. [PMID: 21084269 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The term contact inhibition (CI) encompasses the cellular changes that result in cessation of cell migration and of proliferation due to signals transduced when one cell comes into physical contact with another cell. Cancer cells, however, do not contact inhibit. A molecular understanding of the loss of CI in cancer cells is important for understanding tumor progression. In this Perspective, we propose that the loss of CI observed in cancer cells is the result of extracellular proteolysis of transmembrane cell-cell cell adhesion molecules (CAM) in the tumor microenvironment. Proteolysis of homophilic cell-cell CAMs results in a shed extracellular fragment and released cytoplasmic fragment(s) that disrupts adhesion and induces signals that promote proliferation and/or migration. The importance of this observation in tumor progression is supported by the presence of the shed extracellular fragments of homophilic cell-cell CAMs in serum and tumor tissue of cancer patients suggesting that instead of acting as tumor suppressors, the shed CAM extracellular and cytoplasmic fragments actually function as oncogenes. The study of cell-cell CAM cleavage will provide important and novel means of diagnosing, imaging, and treating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4960, USA
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Liu P, Yang J, Pei J, Pei D, Wilson MJ. Regulation of MT1-MMP activity by β-catenin in MDCK non-cancer and HT1080 cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:810-21. [PMID: 20589835 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Past studies on β-catenin in cancer cells focused on nuclear localized β-catenin and its involvement in the Wnt pathway. Our goal here was to investigate the function of β-catenin in both the cytoplasm and nucleus on the regulation of MT1-MMP expression and activity. We found that β-catenin in MDCK non-cancer cells inhibited the cell surface localization of MT1-MMP, and thus its proteolytic activity on pro-MMP2 activation, via direct interaction with the 18-amino-acid cytoplasmic tail of MT1-MMP in the cytoplasm. In contrast, β-catenin in HT1080 cancer cells enhanced the activity of MT1-MMP by entering the nucleus and activating transcription factor Tcf-4/Lef, and elevating the level of MT1-MMP protein. We also found that enhancement of cell growth in three-dimensional (3-D)/two-dimensional (2-D) type I collagen gels and of cell migration by MT1-MMP were inhibited by β-catenin in MDCK cells, whereas these functions were enhanced in HT1080 cells. In addition, regulation of MT1-MMP by β-catenin involved E-cadherin in MDCK cells and Wnt-3a in HT1080 cells. Taken together, our results present a differential effect of cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin on MT1-MMP activity in non-cancer cells versus cancer cells. These differences were most probably due to different subcellular locations and different involved pathways of β-catenin in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Guo D, Kassiri Z, Basu R, Chow FL, Kandalam V, Damilano F, Liang W, Izumo S, Hirsch E, Penninger JM, Backx PH, Oudit GY. Loss of PI3Kγ enhances cAMP-dependent MMP remodeling of the myocardial N-cadherin adhesion complexes and extracellular matrix in response to early biomechanical stress. Circ Res 2010; 107:1275-89. [PMID: 20847309 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.229054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mechanotransduction and the response to biomechanical stress is a fundamental response in heart disease. Loss of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)γ, the isoform linked to G protein-coupled receptor signaling, results in increased myocardial contractility, but the response to pressure overload is controversial. OBJECTIVE To characterize molecular and cellular responses of the PI3Kγ knockout (KO) mice to biomechanical stress. METHODS AND RESULTS In response to pressure overload, PI3KγKO mice deteriorated at an accelerated rate compared with wild-type mice despite increased basal myocardial contractility. These functional responses were associated with compromised phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3α. In contrast, isolated single cardiomyocytes from banded PI3KγKO mice maintained their hypercontractility, suggesting compromised interaction with the extracellular matrix as the primary defect in the banded PI3KγKO mice. β-Adrenergic stimulation increased cAMP levels with increased phosphorylation of CREB, leading to increased expression of cAMP-responsive matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP2, MT1-MMP, and MMP13 in cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts. Loss of PI3Kγ resulted in increased cAMP levels with increased expression of MMP2, MT1-MMP, and MMP13 and increased MMP2 activation and collagenase activity in response to biomechanical stress. Selective loss of N-cadherin from the adhesion complexes in the PI3KγKO mice resulted in reduced cell adhesion. The β-blocker propranolol prevented the upregulation of MMPs, whereas MMP inhibition prevented the adverse remodeling with both therapies, preventing the functional deterioration in banded PI3KγKO mice. In banded wild-type mice, long-term propranolol prevented the adverse remodeling and systolic dysfunction with preservation of the N-cadherin levels. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced propensity to develop heart failure in the PI3KγKO mice is attributable to a cAMP-dependent upregulation of MMP expression and activity and disorganization of the N-cadherin/β-catenin cell adhesion complex. β-Blocker therapy prevents these changes thereby providing a novel mechanism of action for these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Cheng JC, Klausen C, Leung PCK. Hydrogen peroxide mediates EGF-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin expression via p38 MAPK and snail in human ovarian cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1569-80. [PMID: 20610539 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, it has been shown that E-cadherin is down-regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) activation, and that cells with low E-cadherin expression are particularly invasive. Although it is generally believed that reactive oxygen species play important roles in intracellular signal transduction, the role of reactive oxygen species in EGF-mediated reductions in E-cadherin remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that EGF treatment down-regulated E-cadherin by up-regulating its transcriptional repressors, Snail and Slug, in human ovarian cancer cells. Using 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester staining, we found that intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production was increased in EGF-treated cells and could be inhibited by treatment with an EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, or an H(2)O(2) scavenger, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase. In addition, PEG-catalase diminished EGF-induced p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase, phosphorylation. PEG-catalase and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 abolished EGF-induced Snail, but not Slug, expression and E-cadherin down-regulation. Furthermore, the involvement of p38 MAPK in the down-regulation of E-cadherin was confirmed using specific p38alpha MAPK small interfering RNA. Finally, we also show that EGF-induced cell invasion was abolished by treatment with PEG-catalase and SB203580, as well as p38alpha MAPK small interfering RNA, and that forced expression of E-cadherin diminished intrinsic invasiveness as well as EGF-induced cell invasion. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism in which EGF down-regulates E-cadherin expression through production of H(2)O(2), activation of p38 MAPK, and up-regulation of Snail in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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van Kilsdonk JWJ, van Kempen LCLT, van Muijen GNP, Ruiter DJ, Swart GWM. Soluble adhesion molecules in human cancers: sources and fates. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89:415-27. [PMID: 20227133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules endow tumor cells with the necessary cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. As such, adhesion molecules are involved in cell signalling, proliferation and tumor growth. Rearrangements in the adhesion repertoire allow tumor cells to migrate, invade and form metastases. Besides these membrane-bound adhesion molecules several soluble adhesion molecules are detected in the supernatant of tumor cell lines and patient body fluids. Truncated soluble adhesion molecules can be generated by several conventional mechanisms, including alternative splicing of mRNA transcripts, chromosomal translocation, and extracellular proteolytic ectodomain shedding. Secretion of vesicles (ectosomes and exosomes) is an alternative mechanism mediating the release of full-length adhesion molecules. Soluble adhesion molecules function as modulators of cell adhesion, induce proteolytic activity and facilitate cell signalling. Additionally, adhesion molecules present on secreted vesicles might be involved in the vesicle-target cell interaction. Based on currently available data, released soluble adhesion molecules contribute to cancer progression and therefore should not be regarded as unrelated and non-functional side products of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen W J van Kilsdonk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, IMM & NCMLS, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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