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Koehler FC, Späth MR, Meyer AM, Müller RU. Fueling the success of transplantation through nutrition: recent insights into nutritional interventions, their interplay with gut microbiota and cellular mechanisms. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2024; 29:284-293. [PMID: 38861189 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of nutrition in organ health including solid organ transplantation is broadly accepted, but robust data on nutritional regimens remains scarce calling for further investigation of specific dietary approaches at the different stages of organ transplantation. This review gives an update on the latest insights into nutritional interventions highlighting the potential of specific dietary regimens prior to transplantation aiming for organ protection and the interplay between dietary intake and gut microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS Nutrition holds the potential to optimize patients' health prior to and after surgery, it may enhance patients' ability to cope with the procedure-associated stress and it may accelerate their recovery from surgery. Nutrition helps to reduce morbidity and mortality in addition to preserve graft function. In the case of living organ donation, dietary preconditioning strategies promise novel approaches to limit ischemic organ damage during transplantation and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms of diet-induced organ protection. Functioning gut microbiota are required to limit systemic inflammation and to generate protective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids or hydrogen sulfide. SUMMARY Nutritional intervention is a promising therapeutic concept including the pre- and rehabilitation stage in order to improve the recipients' outcome after solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin R Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna M Meyer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Zhang Y, Yu C, Li X. Kidney Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6585. [PMID: 38928291 PMCID: PMC11204319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of aging inevitably leads to an increase in age-related comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). In many aspects, CKD can be considered a state of accelerated and premature aging. Aging kidney and CKD have numerous common characteristic features, ranging from pathological presentation and clinical manifestation to underlying mechanisms. The shared mechanisms underlying the process of kidney aging and the development of CKD include the increase in cellular senescence, the decrease in autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the alterations of epigenetic regulation, suggesting the existence of potential therapeutic targets that are applicable to both conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the common characteristics between aging kidney and CKD, encompassing morphological changes, functional alterations, and recent advancements in understanding the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting senescent cells in both the aging process and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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3
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Sijbesma JWA, van Waarde A, Klooster A, Kion I, Slart RHJA, Lammertsma AA, Giacobbo BL, Boersma HH, Dierckx RAJO, van Goor H, Bakker SJL. Caloric restriction reduces proteinuria in male rats with established nephropathy. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15942. [PMID: 38439743 PMCID: PMC10912948 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing proteinuria is a crucial approach in preventing kidney function loss. Previous preclinical studies indicated that caloric restriction (CR) imposed at a young age protects against age-related proteinuria. However, these studies have not explored CR in established renal disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of CR on established proteinuria. Rats, aged 12 ± 2 weeks, were administered 2.1 mg/kg of Adriamycin. Six weeks after injection, protein excretion was measured, and a [13 N]ammonia positron emission tomography (PET) scan was conducted to assess kidney perfusion. After 7 weeks rats were divided into four groups: ad libitum (AL) and CR groups fed either a 12% or a 20% protein diet. All groups were treated for 12 weeks. Blood pressure was measured and a second PET scan was acquired at the end of the study. The animals subjected to CR exhibited a 20.3% decrease in protein excretion (p = 0.003) compared to those in the AL groups. Additionally, blood pressure in the CR group was 21.2% lower (p < 0.001) than in the AL groups. While kidney function declined over time in all groups, the 20% CR group demonstrated the smallest decline. Thus CR effectively reduces urinary protein excretion and lowers blood pressure in rats with established proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. W. A. Sijbesma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - A. van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - A. Klooster
- Department of PathologyPathologie FrieslandLeeuwardenThe Netherlands
| | - I. Kion
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - R. H. J. A. Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - A. A. Lammertsma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - B. Lima Giacobbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - H. H. Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - R. A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - H. van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - S. J. L. Bakker
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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4
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Chiang CH, Li SJ, Zhang TR, Chen CY. Long-term dietary restriction ameliorates ageing-related renal fibrosis in male mice by normalizing mitochondrial functions and autophagy. Biogerontology 2022; 23:731-740. [PMID: 36183304 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the kidneys age, gradual changes in the structures and functions of mitochondria occur. Dietary restriction (DR) can play a protective role in ageing-associated renal decline, however the exact mechanisms involved are still unclear. This study aims to clarify the beneficial effects of long-term DR on renal ageing and to explore the potential mechanisms of mitochondrial homeostasis. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into three groups, Young-AL (AL, ad libitum), Aged-AL, and Aged-DR (60% intake of AL). Mice were sacrificed at age of 7 months (Young) or 22 months (Aged). Heavier body and kidney weights were associated with ageing, but DR reduced these increases in aged mice. Ageing caused extensive tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis in the kidney. Giant mitochondria with looser and irregular crista were observed in Aged-AL kidneys. DR retarded these morphological alterations in aged kidneys. In addition, DR reversed the increase of MDA caused by ageing. Renal ATP level was elevated by DR treatment. Mitochondrial-related proteins were analysed to elucidate this association. Ageing downregulated the renal levels of VDAC, FOXO1, SOD2, LC3I and II, and upregulated the renal levels of MFN2 and PINK1. In contrast, DR elevated the levels of VDAC, FOXO1, and LC3I and reduced the ratio of LC3II to LC3I in aged kidneys. To conclude, impaired mitochondria, increased oxidative stress, and severe fibrosis were noticed in the aged kidneys, and DR improved these changes by increasing functional mitochondria and promoting autophagic clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rui Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan.
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5
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Kim JS, Han YK, Kong MJ, Park KM. Short-term control of diet affects cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial GSH. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15348. [PMID: 35748040 PMCID: PMC9226808 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by various clinical settings, including transplantation and cisplatin-cancer therapy. However, the effect of short-term food intake change remains to be defined. Here, we investigated the effects of short-term high-fat diet intake and food restriction on cisplatin-induced AKI. Mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for 11 days or were not fed for 40 hh (fasting), before cisplatin administration. Cisplatin-induced functional and structural damages to kidneys in both HFD- and LFD-fed mice, with greater damages in HFD-fed mice than LFD-fed mice. HFD decreased mitochondrial total glutathione (tGSH) level, along with increases in the plasma and kidney cholesterol levels. Cisplatin caused the increase of kidney cholesterol levels and oxidative stress, along with the decrease of mitochondrial tGSH levels. In addition, cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of tubular cells in both HFD- and LFD-fed mice. An increase of Fis1 (mitochondria fission 1 protein), whereas a decrease of Opa1 (mitochondria fusion 1 protein) occurred by cisplatin. These cisplatin effects were greater in HFD-fed mice than in LFD-fed mice. Administration of mitochondria-specific antioxidant treatment during HFD feeding inhibited these cisplatin-induced changes. Fasting for 40 h also significantly reduced the cisplatin-induced changes mentioned above. These data demonstrate that short-term HFD intake worsens cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by the reduction of mitochondrial tGSH, resulting in increased cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. These data newly indicate that the control of calorie intake, even for a short period, affects kidney susceptibility to injury. Although most studies described the effects of a long-term high-fat diet on the kidneys, in this study, we found that even if a high-fat diet was consumed for a short-term, physiological changes and mitochondria tGSH decrease in the kidneys, and consequently increased cisplatin-nephrotoxic susceptibility. These data suggest the association of calorie intake with kidney susceptibility to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Su Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 PlusSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Kwon Han
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 PlusSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kong
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 PlusSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 PlusSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
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6
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Koehler FC, Späth MR, Hoyer-Allo KJR, Müller RU. Mechanisms of Caloric Restriction-Mediated Stress-Resistance in Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2021; 146:234-238. [PMID: 34340234 DOI: 10.1159/000517733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR)-mediated organ protection has been shown to be extremely efficient in rodent models of acute kidney injury (AKI). Limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms paired with a risk of malnourishment and feasibility problems has hindered the translation of this immense potential to the patient setting. In this mini-review, the current mechanistic concepts of CR-mediated stress-resistance as potential key targets for renal protection in AKI will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin R Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Johanna R Hoyer-Allo
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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7
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Andrianova NV, Buyan MI, Bolikhova AK, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. Dietary Restriction for Kidney Protection: Decline in Nephroprotective Mechanisms During Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699490. [PMID: 34295266 PMCID: PMC8291992 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is believed to be one of the most promising approaches to extend life span of different animal species and to delay deleterious age-related physiological alterations and diseases. Among others, DR was shown to ameliorate acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, to date, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of the protective effect of DR specifically in kidney pathologies has not been carried out. The protective properties of DR are mediated by a range of signaling pathways associated with adaptation to reduced nutrient intake. The adaptation is accompanied by a number of metabolic changes, such as autophagy activation, metabolic shifts toward lipid utilization and ketone bodies production, improvement of mitochondria functioning, and decreased oxidative stress. However, some studies indicated that with age, the gain of DR-mediated positive remodeling gradually decreases. This may be an obstacle if we seek to translate the DR approach into a clinic for the treatment of kidney diseases as most patients with AKI and CKD are elderly. It is well known that aging is accompanied by impairments in a huge variety of organs and systems, such as hormonal regulation, stress sensing, autophagy and proteasomal activity, gene expression, and epigenome profile, increased damage to macromolecules and organelles including mitochondria. All these age-associated changes might be the reasons for the reduced protective potential of the DR during aging. We summarized the available mechanisms of DR-mediated nephroprotection and described ways to improve the effectiveness of this approach for an aged kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda V Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina I Buyan
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia K Bolikhova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Herbst A, Lee CC, Vandiver AR, Aiken JM, McKenzie D, Hoang A, Allison D, Liu N, Wanagat J. Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations increase exponentially with age in human skeletal muscle. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1811-1820. [PMID: 32965609 PMCID: PMC7985047 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations lead to electron transport chain-deficient cells and age-induced cell loss in multiple tissues and mammalian species. Accurate quantitation of somatic mtDNA deletion mutations could serve as an index of age-induced cell loss. Quantitation of mtDNA deletion molecules is confounded by their low abundance in tissue homogenates, the diversity of deletion breakpoints, stochastic accumulation in single cells, and mosaic distribution between cells. AIMS Translate a pre-clinical assay to quantitate mtDNA deletions for use in human DNA samples, with technical and biological validation, and test this assay on human subjects of different ages. METHODS We developed and validated a high-throughput droplet digital PCR assay that quantitates human mtDNA deletion frequency. RESULTS Analysis of human quadriceps muscle samples from 14 male subjects demonstrated that mtDNA deletion frequency increases exponentially with age-on average, a 98-fold increase from age 20-80. Sequence analysis of amplification products confirmed the specificity of the assay for human mtDNA deletion breakpoints. Titration of synthetic mutation mixtures found a lower limit of detection of at least 0.6 parts per million. Using muscle DNA from 6-month-old mtDNA mutator mice, we measured a 6.4-fold increase in mtDNA deletion frequency (i.e., compared to wild-type mice), biologically validating the approach. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS The exponential increase in mtDNA deletion frequency is concomitant with the known muscle fiber loss and accelerating mortality that occurs with age. The improved assay permits the accurate and sensitive quantification of deletion mutations from DNA samples and is sufficient to measure changes in mtDNA deletion mutation frequency in healthy individuals across the lifespan and, therefore, patients with suspected mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cathy C Lee
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy R Vandiver
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Austin Hoang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA.
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Ranieri E, Netti GS, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Castellano G. Targeting Premature Renal Aging: from Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence to Senolytic Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630419. [PMID: 33995028 PMCID: PMC8117359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological process of renal aging is characterized by progressive structural and functional deterioration of the kidney leading to end-stage renal disease, requiring renal replacement therapy. Since the discovery of pivotal mechanisms of senescence such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis inhibition, and the development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), efforts in the understanding of how senescent cells participate in renal physiological and pathological aging have grown exponentially. This has been encouraged by both preclinical studies in animal models with senescent cell clearance or genetic depletion as well as due to evidence coming from the clinical oncologic experience. This review considers the molecular mechanism and pathways that trigger premature renal aging from mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications to autophagy, DNA damage repair (DDR), and the involvement of extracellular vesicles. We also discuss the different pharmaceutical approaches to selectively target senescent cells (namely, senolytics) or the development of systemic SASP (called senomorphics) in basic models of CKD and clinical trials. Finally, an overview will be provided on the potential opportunities for their use in renal transplantation during ex vivo machine perfusion to improve the quality of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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10
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Herbst A, Prior SJ, Lee CC, Aiken JM, McKenzie D, Hoang A, Liu N, Chen X, Xun P, Allison DB, Wanagat J. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial DNA deletion mutation frequency as predictors of physical performance in older men and women. GeroScience 2021; 43:1253-1264. [PMID: 33740224 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quality and quantity relate to two hallmarks of aging-genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction. Physical performance relies on mitochondrial integrity and declines with age, yet the interactions between mtDNA quantity, quality, and physical performance are unclear. Using a validated digital PCR assay specific for mtDNA deletions, we tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle mtDNA deletion mutation frequency (i.e., a measure of mtDNA quality) or mtDNA copy number predicts physical performance in older adults. Total DNA was isolated from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and used to quantitate mtDNA copy number and mtDNA deletion frequency by digital PCR. The biopsies were obtained from a cross-sectional cohort of 53 adults aged 50 to 86 years. Before the biopsy procedure, physical performance measurements were collected, including VO2max, modified physical performance test score, 6-min walk distance, gait speed, grip strength, and total lean and leg mass. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between age, sex, and the outcomes. We found that mtDNA deletion mutation frequency increased exponentially with advancing age. On average from ages 50 to 86, deletion frequency increased from 0.008 to 0.15%, an 18-fold increase. Females may have lower deletion frequencies than males at older ages. We also measured declines in VO2max and mtDNA copy number with age in both sexes. The mtDNA deletion frequency measured from single skeletal muscle biopsies predicted 13.3% of the variation in VO2max. Copy number explained 22.6% of the variation in mtDNA deletion frequency and 10.4% of the lean mass variation. We found predictive relationships between age, mtDNA deletion mutation frequency, mtDNA copy number, and physical performance. These data are consistent with a role for mitochondrial function and genome integrity in maintaining physical performance with age. Analyses of mtDNA quality and quantity in larger cohorts and longitudinal studies could extend our understanding of the importance of mitochondrial DNA in human aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cathy C Lee
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Rm 34-115, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Austin Hoang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Rm 34-115, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Rm 34-115, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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11
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The effect of energy restriction on development and progression of chronic kidney disease: review of the current evidence. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:1201-1214. [PMID: 32921320 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000358x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Energy restriction (ER) has anti-ageing effects and probably protects from a range of chronic diseases including cancer, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, ER has a positive impact on experimental kidney ageing, CKD (diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease) and acute kidney injury (nephrotoxic, ischaemia-reperfusion injury) through such mechanisms as increased autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA repair, and decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Key molecules contributing to ER-mediated kidney protection include adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, sirtuin-1 and PPAR-γ coactivator 1α. However, CKD is a complex condition, and ER may potentially worsen CKD complications such as protein-energy wasting, bone-mineral disorders and impaired wound healing. ER mimetics are drugs, such as metformin and Na-glucose co-transporter-2 which mimic the action of ER. This review aims to provide comprehensive data regarding the effect of ER on CKD progression and outcomes.
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12
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Chevalier RL. Bioenergetic Evolution Explains Prevalence of Low Nephron Number at Birth: Risk Factor for CKD. KIDNEY360 2020; 1:863-879. [PMID: 35372951 PMCID: PMC8815749 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is greater than tenfold variation in nephron number of the human kidney at birth. Although low nephron number is a recognized risk factor for CKD, its determinants are poorly understood. Evolutionary medicine represents a new discipline that seeks evolutionary explanations for disease, broadening perspectives on research and public health initiatives. Evolution of the kidney, an organ rich in mitochondria, has been driven by natural selection for reproductive fitness constrained by energy availability. Over the past 2 million years, rapid growth of an energy-demanding brain in Homo sapiens enabled hominid adaptation to environmental extremes through selection for mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA epigenetically regulated by allocation of energy to developing organs. Maternal undernutrition or hypoxia results in intrauterine growth restriction or preterm birth, resulting in low birth weight and low nephron number. Regulated through placental transfer, environmental oxygen and nutrients signal nephron progenitor cells to reprogram metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. These processes are modulated by counterbalancing anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways that evolved from prokaryote homologs and by hypoxia-driven and autophagy pathways that evolved in eukaryotes. Regulation of nephron differentiation by histone modifications and DNA methyltransferases provide epigenetic control of nephron number in response to energy available to the fetus. Developmental plasticity of nephrogenesis represents an evolved life history strategy that prioritizes energy to early brain growth with adequate kidney function through reproductive years, the trade-off being increasing prevalence of CKD delayed until later adulthood. The research implications of this evolutionary analysis are to identify regulatory pathways of energy allocation directing nephrogenesis while accounting for the different life history strategies of animal models such as the mouse. The clinical implications are to optimize nutrition and minimize hypoxic/toxic stressors in childbearing women and children in early postnatal development.
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13
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Guo J, Zheng HJ, Zhang W, Lou W, Xia C, Han XT, Huang WJ, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu WJ. Accelerated Kidney Aging in Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1234059. [PMID: 32774664 PMCID: PMC7407029 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1234059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With aging, the kidney undergoes inexorable and progressive changes in structural and functional performance. These aging-related alterations are more obvious and serious in diabetes mellitus (DM). Renal accelerated aging under DM conditions is associated with multiple stresses such as accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The main hallmarks of cellular senescence in diabetic kidneys include cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, telomere shortening, and diabetic nephropathy-associated secretory phenotype. Lysosome-dependent autophagy and antiaging proteins Klotho and Sirt1 play a fundamental role in the accelerated aging of kidneys in DM, among which the autophagy-lysosome system is the convergent mechanism of the multiple antiaging pathways involved in renal aging under DM conditions. Metformin and the inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 are recommended due to their antiaging effects independent of antihyperglycemia, besides angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. Additionally, diet intervention including low protein and low AGEs with antioxidants are suggested for patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, their long-term benefits still need further study. Exploring the interactive relationships among antiaging protein Klotho, Sirt1, and autophagy-lysosome system may provide insight into better satisfying the urgent medical needs of elderly patients with aging-related DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenjiao Lou
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenhui Xia
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xue Ting Han
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jun Huang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Nephrology, and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, No. 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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14
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Ma C, He S, Li P, Zhang H, Li W, Li Y. Negative Association between Caloric Intake and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Chinese Population: Mediation Models Involving Mitochondrial Function. Gerontology 2020; 66:439-446. [PMID: 32663832 DOI: 10.1159/000508497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and decrease in the copy number of mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are considered important drivers of the aging process. Although previous experimental studies report that caloric intake is associated with age-related renal dysfunction through the changes in mitochondrial function, there are insufficient epidemiological data to establish this association. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the association between caloric intake and renal function and to investigate whether mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) mediated this association by cross-sectional analysis. METHODS A total of 403 individuals from a Chinese rural cohort (women = 66.50%; mean age = 53.94 ± 10.27 years) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and with differences in the glucose tolerance status (diabetes, n = 106; prediabetes, n = 125; normal glucose tolerance, n = 172) were included. Dietary data were obtained by a 24-h food recall, and caloric intake was normalized by ideal body weight. The mtDNAcn and LTL were detected using real-time PCR assay. The associations between caloric intake, aging markers, and renal function were analyzed by partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Mediation analysis was applied to examine the role of mtDNAcn in the association between caloric intake and eGFR. RESULTS Caloric intake was higher while age-adjusted mtDNAcn was lower in individuals with eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 140) than in those with eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 263). After adjusting for multiple factors, linear regression analysis revealed that caloric intake was negatively associated with eGFR and mtDNAcn, while mtDNAcn was positively associated with eGFR. Moreover, mediation analysis indicated that the indirect effect of caloric intake on eGFR through mtDNAcn was significant (β = -0.0505, 95% confidence interval -0.0931 to -0.0190). CONCLUSIONS Caloric intake was negatively associated with eGFR in a Chinese population, and the association was partly mediated by decreased mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifa Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli He
- Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China,
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15
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Späth MR, Koehler FC, Hoyer-Allo KJR, Grundmann F, Burst V, Müller RU. Preconditioning strategies to prevent acute kidney injury. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-237. [PMID: 32269763 PMCID: PMC7135682 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21406.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a common clinical disorder resulting in significantly increased morbidity and mortality. However, despite extensive research, strategies for prevention or treatment are still lacking in routine clinical practice. Already decades ago, several preconditioning strategies (e. g. ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning and calorie restriction) have been published and their extraordinary effectiveness - especially in rodents - has raised the hope for powerful clinical tools to prevent acute kidney injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood and translation to the clinics has not been successful yet. In this review, the most attractive strategies and the current mechanistic concepts are introduced and discussed. Furthermore, we present clinical trials evaluating the feasibility of preconditioning in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Richard Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50937, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50931, Germany
| | - Felix Carlo Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50937, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50931, Germany
| | - Karla Johanna Ruth Hoyer-Allo
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50937, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50931, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50937, Germany
| | - Volker Burst
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50937, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50937, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50931, Germany
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16
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Singh G, Krishan P. Dietary restriction regimens for fighting kidney disease: Insights from rodent studies. Exp Gerontol 2019; 128:110738. [PMID: 31593758 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review critically discusses the research findings on the effects of various dietary restriction regimens in rodent models of kidney disease. Long-term caloric restriction executed at both early and progressive stages of kidney disease was found to exert beneficial effects in rodents. Moreover, some studies have also demonstrated the efficacy of short-term caloric restriction in treating the kidney disease of variable aetiologies possibly by improving mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy process and suppression of inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying these short-term caloric restriction mediated protective effects in rodent models of kidney disease are not completely understood. Importantly, few available evidences have also suggested that carbohydrate restriction can exert beneficial effects in aging and experimentally induced renal injury models, but the mechanisms are not explored yet. Interestingly, the benefits of low protein diet in kidney disease models are extensively reported in literature. However, in most of these studies implementation of the low protein dietary regimen was found to associated with increased high carbohydrate and caloric intake (non-isocaloric). Thus, testing the effects of low protein diet under isocaloric conditions might further help to particularly understand the role of dietary protein content in pathology of kidney disease. Moreover, the direct evidences comparing the efficacy of various dietary restriction regimens in rodent models of kidney diseases are also scarce at present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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17
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Herbst A, Hoang AN, Woo W, McKenzie D, Aiken JM, Miller RA, Allison DB, Liu N, Wanagat J. Mitochondrial DNA alterations in aged macrophage migration inhibitory factor-knockout mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 182:111126. [PMID: 31381889 PMCID: PMC6718337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The age-induced, exponential accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations contributes to muscle fiber loss. The causes of these mutations are not known. Systemic inflammation is associated with decreased muscle mass in older adults and is implicated in the formation of sporadic mtDNA deletions. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor knockout (MIF-KO) mice are long-lived with decreased inflammation. We hypothesized that aged MIF-KO mice would have lower mtDNA deletion frequencies and fewer electron transport chain (ETC) deficient fibers. We measured mtDNA copy number and mutation frequency as well as the number and length of ETC deficient fibers in 22-month old MIF-KO and F2 hybrid control mice. We also measured mtDNA copy number and deletion frequency in female UM-HET3 mice, a strain whose lifespan matches the MIF-KO mice. We did not observe a significant effect of MIF ablation on muscle mtDNA deletion frequency. There was a significantly lower mtDNA copy number in the MIF-KO mice and the lifespan-matched UM-HET3 mice compared to the F2 hybrids, suggesting the importance of genetic background in mtDNA copy number control. Our data do not support a definitive role for MIF in age-induced mtDNA deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Austin N Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Woo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Increased burden of mitochondrial DNA deletions and point mutations in early-onset age-related hearing loss in mitochondrial mutator mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110675. [PMID: 31344454 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are thought to have a causal role in a variety of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including age-related hearing loss (AHL). In the current study, we investigated the roles of mtDNA deletions and point mutations in AHL in mitochondrial mutator mice (Polgmut/mut) that were backcrossed onto CBA/CaJ mice, a well-established model of late-onset AHL. mtDNA deletions accumulated significantly with age in the inner ears of Polgmut/mut mice, while there were no differences in mtDNA deletion frequencies in the inner ears between 5 and 17 months old Polg+/+ mice or 5 months old Polg+/+ and Polgmut/mut mice. mtDNA deletions also accumulated significantly in the inner ears of CBA/CaJ mice during normal aging. In contrast, 5 months old Polgmut/mut mice displayed a 238-fold increase in mtDNA point mutation frequencies in the inner ears compared to age-matched Polg+/+ mice, but there were no differences in mtDNA point mutation frequencies in the inner ears between 5 and 17 months old Polgmut/mut mice. Seventeen-month-old Polgmut/mut mice also displayed early-onset severe hearing loss associated with a significant reduction in neural output of the cochlea, while age-matched Polg+/+ mice displayed little or no hearing impairment. Consistent with the physiological and mtDNA deletion test result, 17-month-old Polgmut/mut mice displayed a profound loss of spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea. Thus, our data suggest that a higher burden of mtDNA point mutations from a young age and age-related accumulation of mtDNA deletions likely contribute to early-onset AHL in mitochondrial mutator mice.
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19
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Chevalier RL. Evolution, kidney development, and chronic kidney disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 91:119-131. [PMID: 29857053 PMCID: PMC6281795 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a global epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by a progressive loss of nephrons, ascribed in large part to a rising incidence of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a ten-fold variation in nephron number at birth in the general population, and a 50% overall decrease in nephron number in the last decades of life. The vicious cycle of nephron loss stimulating hypertrophy by remaining nephrons and resulting in glomerulosclerosis has been regarded as maladaptive, and only partially responsive to angiotensin inhibition. Advances over the past century in kidney physiology, genetics, and development have elucidated many aspects of nephron formation, structure and function. Parallel advances have been achieved in evolutionary biology, with the emergence of evolutionary medicine, a discipline that promises to provide new insight into the treatment of chronic disease. This review provides a framework for understanding the origins of contemporary developmental nephrology, and recent progress in evolutionary biology. The establishment of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), ecological developmental biology (eco-devo), and developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) followed the discovery of the hox gene family, the recognition of the contribution of cumulative environmental stressors to the changing phenotype over the life cycle, and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. The maturation of evolutionary medicine has contributed to new investigative approaches to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious disease, and promises the same for CKD. By incorporating these principles, developmental nephrology is ideally positioned to answer important questions regarding the fate of nephrons from embryo through senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Chevalier
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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20
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Bagherniya M, Butler AE, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. The effect of fasting or calorie restriction on autophagy induction: A review of the literature. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:183-197. [PMID: 30172870 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process and protective housekeeping mechanism to eliminate damaged organelles, long-lived misfolded proteins and invading pathogens. Autophagy functions to recycle building blocks and energy for cellular renovation and homeostasis, allowing cells to adapt to stress. Modulation of autophagy is a potential therapeutic target for a diverse range of diseases, including metabolic conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers and infectious diseases. Traditionally, food deprivation and calorie restriction (CR) have been considered to slow aging and increase longevity. Since autophagy inhibition attenuates the anti-aging effects of CR, it has been proposed that autophagy plays a substantive role in CR-mediated longevity. Among several stress stimuli inducers of autophagy, fasting and CR are the most potent non-genetic autophagy stimulators, and lack the undesirable side effects associated with alternative interventions. Despite the importance of autophagy, the evidence connecting fasting or CR with autophagy promotion has not previously been reviewed. Therefore, our objective was to weigh the evidence relating the effect of CR or fasting on autophagy promotion. We conclude that both fasting and CR have a role in the upregulation of autophagy, the evidence overwhelmingly suggesting that autophagy is induced in a wide variety of tissues and organs in response to food deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
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21
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Chen Y, Ye L, Li W, Li D, Li F. Hyperoside protects human kidney‑2 cells against oxidative damage induced by oxalic acid. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:486-494. [PMID: 29750296 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of renal calculi (kidney stones) are calcium stones. Oxidative damage to renal tubular epithelial cells induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the predominant cause of calcium oxalate stone formation. Hyperoside (Hyp) is a flavonol glycoside extracted from medicinal plants and appears to exhibit potent antioxidant activity in various cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Hyp on renal cells exposed to oxidative stress simulated by oxalic acid (OA), and to determine whether the underlying mechanism involves the nuclear factor E2‑related factor2 (Nrf2)‑antioxidative response element signaling pathway. The study determined the indicators of high oxidative stress, including ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human kidney‑2 cells and the results demonstrated that the levels of ROS, as evaluated by flow cytometry, and H2O2 were significantly increased following treatment with OA (5 mmol/l) for 24 h (OA group), compared with those in the untreated control group. The increased activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in these cells explained this observation, as it is a major source of ROS. The results demonstrated that, in the OA group, the adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased, and MTT assay demonstrated that cell viability was inhibited, compared with the control, which indicated that severe injury of cells was induced by OA. However, when the cells were pre‑treated with Hyp prior to treatment with OA (drug group), the levels of ROS and H2O2, and the activities of NADPH oxidase and LD were increased, and the adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to cells was reduced, compared with the OA group. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) and NAD(P)H: quinineoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the Hyp groups were significantly increased, compared with those in the OA group, with the exception of Nrf2 mRNA. These results suggested that Hyp had a marked protective effect on renal cells against the oxidative damage and cytotoxicity simulated by OA. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrating that the ability of Hyp to enhance the endogenous functions of antioxidation and detoxification in cells may involve the Nrf2/HO‑1/NQO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Chen
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ye
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, P.R. China
| | - Wangjian Li
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, P.R. China
| | - Dongzhang Li
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, P.R. China
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22
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Bielas J, Herbst A, Widjaja K, Hui J, Aiken JM, McKenzie D, Miller RA, Brooks SV, Wanagat J. Long term rapamycin treatment improves mitochondrial DNA quality in aging mice. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:125-131. [PMID: 29486228 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-induced mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations may underlie cell loss and tissue aging. Rapamycin extends mouse lifespan and modulates mitochondrial quality control. We hypothesized that reduced deletion mutation abundance may contribute to rapamycin's life extension effects. To test this hypothesis, genetically heterogeneous male and female mice were treated with rapamycin, compounded in chow at 14 or 42 ppm, from 9 months to 22 months of age. Mice under a 40% dietary restriction were included as a control known to protect mtDNA quality. To determine if chronic rapamycin treatment affects mitochondrial DNA quality, we assayed mtDNA deletion frequency and electron transport chain deficient fiber abundances in mouse quadriceps muscle. At 42 ppm rapamycin, we observed a 57% decrease in deletion frequency, a 2.8-fold decrease in ETC deficient fibers, and a 3.4-fold increase in the number of mice without electron transport chain deficient fibers. We observed a similar trend with the 14 ppm dose. DR significantly decreased ETC deficient fiber abundances with a trend toward lower mtDNA deletion frequency. The effects of rapamycin treatment on mitochondrial DNA quality were greatest in females at the highest dose. Rapamycin treatment at 14 ppm did not affect muscle mass or function. Dietary restriction also reduced deletion frequency and ETC deficient fibers. These data support the concept that the lifespan extending effects of rapamycin treatment result from enhanced mitochondrial DNA quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bielas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Hui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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23
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Chevalier RL. Evolution and Kidney Development: A Rosetta Stone for Nephrology. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:706-709. [PMID: 29449452 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Chevalier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Li Z, Wang Z. Aging Kidney and Aging-Related Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1086:169-187. [PMID: 30232759 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the development of society and improvement of health care, the life span is much longer than before, which brings serious aging problems. Among all the aging problems, renal aging grows to be nonnegligible issue. The aging process of kidney is always accompanied with structural and functional changes. Molecular changes, including Klotho and Sirtuins, are the basic causes of phenotypical changes. Cell senescence and cell autophagy play fundamental roles in the process of renal aging. To effectively intervene in the process of renal aging, different methods have been tried separately, which could produce different effects. Effective intervention of renal aging could be meaningful for healthy state of the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Calorie restriction in rodents: Caveats to consider. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:15-28. [PMID: 28610949 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The calorie restriction paradigm has provided one of the most widely used and most useful tools for investigating mechanisms of aging and longevity. By far, rodent models have been employed most often in these endeavors. Over decades of investigation, claims have been made that the paradigm produces the most robust demonstration that aging is malleable. In the current review of the rodent literature, we present arguments that question the robustness of the paradigm to increase lifespan and healthspan. Specifically, there are several questions to consider as follows: (1) At what age does CR no longer produce benefits? (2) Does CR attenuate cognitive decline? (3) Are there negative effects of CR, including effects on bone health, wound healing, and response to infection? (4) How important is schedule of feeding? (5) How long does CR need to be imposed to be effective? (6) How do genotype and gender influence CR? (7) What role does dietary composition play? Consideration of these questions produce many caveats that should guide future investigations to move the field forward.
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Abraham KJ, Ostrowski LA, Mekhail K. Non-Coding RNA Molecules Connect Calorie Restriction and Lifespan. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3196-3214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Schmitt R, Melk A. Molecular mechanisms of renal aging. Kidney Int 2017; 92:569-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Autophagy in kidney disease and aging: lessons from rodent models. Kidney Int 2016; 90:950-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Calvo‐Rubio M, Burón MI, López‐Lluch G, Navas P, de Cabo R, Ramsey JJ, Villalba JM, González‐Reyes JA. Dietary fat composition influences glomerular and proximal convoluted tubule cell structure and autophagic processes in kidneys from calorie-restricted mice. Aging Cell 2016; 15:477-87. [PMID: 26853994 PMCID: PMC4854917 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been repeatedly shown to prevent cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and other age-related diseases in a wide range of animals, including non-human primates and humans. In rodents, CR also increases lifespan and is a powerful tool for studying the aging process. Recently, it has been reported in mice that dietary fat plays an important role in determining lifespan extension with 40% CR. In these conditions, animals fed lard as dietary fat showed an increased longevity compared with mice fed soybean or fish oils. In this paper, we study the effect of these dietary fats on structural and physiological parameters of kidney from mice maintained on 40% CR for 6 and 18 months. Analyses were performed using quantitative electron microcopy techniques and protein expression in Western blots. CR mitigated most of the analyzed age-related parameters in kidney, such as glomerular basement membrane thickness, mitochondrial mass in convoluted proximal tubules and autophagic markers in renal homogenates. The lard group showed improved preservation of several renal structures with aging when compared to the other CR diet groups. These results indicate that dietary fat modulates renal structure and function in CR mice and plays an essential role in the determination of health span in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Calvo‐Rubio
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaCampus de Excelencia Internacional AgroalimentarioceiA3Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Mª Isabel Burón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaCampus de Excelencia Internacional AgroalimentarioceiA3Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Guillermo López‐Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del DesarrolloCIBERERInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversidad Pablo de Olavide‐CSICSevillaSpain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del DesarrolloCIBERERInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversidad Pablo de Olavide‐CSICSevillaSpain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute of AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- VM Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - José M. Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaCampus de Excelencia Internacional AgroalimentarioceiA3Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - José A. González‐Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaCampus de Excelencia Internacional AgroalimentarioceiA3Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
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Wanagat J, Ahmadieh N, Bielas JH, Ericson NG, Van Remmen H. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA deletions are not increased in CuZn-superoxide dismutase deficient mice. Exp Gerontol 2014; 61:15-9. [PMID: 25449857 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations are proposed contributors to aging-related muscle fiber loss and atrophy, but evidence of a causal role for these mutations in muscle aging is lacking. Elucidating the etiology of in vivo mtDNA deletion mutations will help to better understand and test the possible roles of these mutations in aging. The implication of mtDNA mutations in aging is based on the susceptibility of mtDNA to oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to residing in mitochondria, the primary source of endogenous ROS. Cells possess many pathways for neutralizing ROSs, including a variety of superoxide dismutases (SOD). Mice lacking CuZnSOD (Sod1(-/-) mice) have high levels of oxidative damage in many tissues including skeletal muscle and are a model for testing the role of oxidative damage in the formation of mtDNA deletion mutations. The increased DNA oxidative damage in Sod1(-/-) mice is associated with increased mtDNA deletion mutations in a variety of tissues, but skeletal muscle mtDNA mutations have not been reported. We hypothesized that a life-long absence of mouse muscle CuZnSOD would increase mtDNA deletion mutation frequency and focal accumulation of these mutations in aging mouse skeletal muscle. Focal accumulations of mtDNA deletion mutations were detected by histochemical staining for cytochrome c oxidase (cytOX) activity and detection of cytOX-negative fibers, a marker of focal mtDNA mutation accumulation, within approximately 20,000 muscle fibers through a distance of 1000μm. Total DNA was extracted from intervening unstained sections and mtDNA deletion mutation frequency was measured by a droplet digital PCR. Droplet digital PCR quantification of mtDNA deletion mutations showed no difference in mtDNA deletion mutation frequency in Sod1(-/-) mouse muscle compared to wild-type mice and we observed no significant increase in the number of cytOX-negative muscle fibers, in Sod1(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that not all changes in cellular oxidative stress are linked to mtDNA deletion mutations and shift the focus to other etiologies for these mutations that need to be clarified to better test their possible role in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wanagat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Nazanin Ahmadieh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Nolan G Ericson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73012, United States
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The aging kidney revisited: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 14:65-80. [PMID: 24548926 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As for the whole human body, the kidney undergoes age-related changes which translate in an inexorable and progressive decline in renal function. Renal aging is a multifactorial process where gender, race and genetic background and several key-mediators such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system, impairment in kidney repair capacities and background cardiovascular disease play a significant role. Features of the aging kidney include macroscopic and microscopic changes and important functional adaptations, none of which is pathognomonic of aging. The assessment of renal function in the framework of aging is problematic and the question whether renal aging should be considered as a physiological or pathological process remains a much debated issue. Although promising dietary and pharmacological approaches have been tested to retard aging processes or renal function decline in the elderly, proper lifestyle modifications, as those applicable to the general population, currently represent the most plausible approach to maintain kidney health.
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Cui J, Shi S, Sun X, Cai G, Cui S, Hong Q, Chen X, Bai XY. Mitochondrial autophagy involving renal injury and aging is modulated by caloric intake in aged rat kidneys. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69720. [PMID: 23894530 PMCID: PMC3718786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-calorie (HC) diet induces renal injury and promotes aging, and calorie restriction (CR) may ameliorate these responses. However, the effects of long-term HC and CR on renal damage and aging have been not fully determined. Autophagy plays a crucial role in removing protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis and function. The role of autophagy in HC-induced renal damage is unknown. METHODS We evaluated the expression of LC3/Atg8 as a marker of the autophagosome; p62/SQSTM1; polyubiquitin aggregates as markers of autophagy flux; Ambra1, PINK1, Parkin and Bnip3 as markers of mitophagy; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of DNA oxidative damage; and p16 as a marker of organ aging by western blot and immunohistochemical staining in the kidneys of 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats. We also observed mitochondrial structure and autolysosomes by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Expression of the autophagosome formation marker LC3/Atg8 and markers of mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) were markedly decreased in the kidneys of the HC group, and markedly increased in CR kidneys. p62/SQSTM1 and polyubiquitin aggregates increased in HC kidneys, and decreased in CR kidneys. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HC kidneys showed severe abnormal mitochondrial morphology with fewer autolysosomes, while CR kidneys exhibited normal mitochondrial morphology with numerous autolysosomes. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was increased in HC kidneys and decreased in CR kidneys. Markers of aging, such as p16 and senescence-associated-galactosidase, were increased significantly in the HC group and decreased significantly in the CR group. CONCLUSION The study firstly suggests that HC diet inhibits renal autophagy and aggravates renal oxidative damage and aging, while CR enhances renal autophagy and ameliorates oxidative damage and aging in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Suozhu Shi
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (XYB)
| | - Xue-Yuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (XYB)
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Ketogenic essential amino acids replacement diet ameliorated hepatosteatosis with altering autophagy-associated molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1605-12. [PMID: 23669346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ketogenic amino acid (KAA) replacement diet has been shown to cure hepatic steatosis, a serious liver disease associated with diverse metabolic defects. In this study, we investigated the effects of KAA replacement diet on nutrition sensing signaling pathway and analyzed whether induction of hepatic autophagy was involved. Mice are fed with high fat diet (HFD) or KAA replacement in high-fat diet (30% fat in food; HFD)-fed (HFD(KAAR)) and sacrificed at 8, 12, 16 weeks after initiation of experimental food. Hepatic autophagy was analyzed in protein expression of several autophagy-associated molecules and in light chain-3 green fluorescent protein (LC-3 GFP) transgenic mice. HFD(KAAR) showed increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and enhanced liver kinase B1 (LKB1) expression compared to control HFD-fed mice. The KAA-HFD-induced activation of AMPK was associated with an increased protein expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), decreased forkhead box protein O3a (Foxo3a) level, and suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation compared with the HFD-fed mice. The intervention study revealed that a KAA-replacement diet also ameliorated all the established metabolic and autophagy defects in the HFD-fed mice, suggesting that a KAA-replacement diet can be used therapeutically in established diseases. These results indicate that KAA replacement in food could be a novel strategy to combat hepatic steatosis and metabolic abnormalities likely involvement of an induction of autophagy.
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Kume S, Kitada M, Kanasaki K, Maegawa H, Koya D. Anti-aging molecule, Sirt1: a novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:230-6. [PMID: 23361587 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction prolongs the lifespan of many species. Therefore, investigators have researched the usefulness of caloric restriction for healthy lifespan extension. Sirt1, an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, was identified as a molecule necessary for caloric restriction-related anti-aging strategies. Sirt1 functions as an intracellular energy sensor to detect the concentration of NAD(+), and controls in vivo metabolic changes under caloric restriction and starvation through its deacetylase activity to many targets including histones, nuclear transcriptional factors, and enzymes. During the past decade, investigators have reported the relationship between disturbance of Sirt1 activation and the onset of aging- and obesity-associated diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, a calorie restriction-mimetic action of Sirt1 is now expected as a new therapy for these diseases. In addition, recent studies have gradually clarified the role of Sirt1 in the onset of kidney disease. Its activation may also become a new target of treatment in the patients with chronic kidney disease including diabetic nephropathy. In this article, we would like to review the role of Sirt1 in the onset of kidney disease based on previous studies, and discuss its possibility as the target of treatment in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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35
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Huber TB, Edelstein CL, Hartleben B, Inoki K, Jiang M, Koya D, Kume S, Lieberthal W, Pallet N, Quiroga A, Ravichandran K, Susztak K, Yoshida S, Dong Z. Emerging role of autophagy in kidney function, diseases and aging. Autophagy 2012; 8:1009-31. [PMID: 22692002 PMCID: PMC3429540 DOI: 10.4161/auto.19821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that degrades cellular long-lived proteins and organelles. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy plays a critical role in kidney maintenance, diseases and aging. Ischemic, toxic, immunological, and oxidative insults can cause an induction of autophagy in renal epithelial cells modifying the course of various kidney diseases. This review summarizes recent insights on the role of autophagy in kidney physiology and diseases alluding to possible novel intervention strategies for treating specific kidney disorders by modifying autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias B Huber
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg; Freiburg, Germany.
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36
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Sadagurski M, Cheng Z, Rozzo A, Palazzolo I, Kelley GR, Dong X, Krainc D, White MF. IRS2 increases mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in a mouse model of Huntington disease. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4070-81. [PMID: 21926467 DOI: 10.1172/jci46305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington disease (HD). Reduced neuronal IGF1 or Irs2 signaling have been shown to extend life span in mice. To determine whether Irs2 signaling modulates neurodegeneration in HD, we genetically modulated Irs2 concentrations in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Increasing Irs2 levels in the brains of R6/2 mice significantly reduced life span and increased neuronal oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, reducing Irs2 levels throughout the body (except in β cells, where Irs2 expression is needed to prevent diabetes onset; R6/2•Irs2+/-•Irs2βtg mice) improved motor performance and extended life span. The slower progression of HD-like symptoms was associated with increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor FoxO1 and increased expression of FoxO1-dependent genes that promote autophagy, mitochondrial function, and resistance to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function improved and the number of autophagosomes increased in R6/2•Irs2+/-•Irs2βtg mice, whereas aggregate formation and oxidative stress decreased. Thus, our study suggests that Irs2 signaling can modulate HD progression. Since we found the expression of Irs2 to be normal in grade II HD patients, our results suggest that decreasing IRS2 signaling could be part of a therapeutic approach to slow the progression of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sadagurski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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37
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Hancock CR, Han DH, Higashida K, Kim SH, Holloszy JO. Does calorie restriction induce mitochondrial biogenesis? A reevaluation. FASEB J 2010; 25:785-91. [PMID: 21048043 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-170415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that 30% calorie restriction (CR) for 3 mo results in large increases in mitochondrial biogenesis in heart, brain, liver, and adipose tissue, with concomitant increases in respiration and ATP synthesis. We found these results surprising, and performed this study to determine whether 30% CR does induce an increase in mitochondria in heart, brain, liver, adipose tissue, and/or skeletal muscle. To this end, we measured the levels of a range of mitochondrial proteins, and mRNAs. With the exception of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase protein level, which was increased ∼60% in adipose tissue, none of the mitochondrial proteins or mRNAs that we measured were increased in rats subjected to 30% CR for 14 wk. There was also no increase in citrate synthase activity. Because it is not possible to have an increase in mitochondria without any increase in key mitochondrial proteins, we conclude that 30% CR does not induce an increase in mitochondria in heart, brain, liver, adipose tissue, or skeletal muscle in laboratory rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Hancock
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, 4566 Scott Ave., Campus Box 8113, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Corsetti G, Stacchiotti A, D' Antona G, Nisoli E, Dioguardi FS, Rezzani R. Supplementation with essential amino acids in middle age maintains the health of rat kidney. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:523-33. [PMID: 20646347 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases are a social and economic problem, and diet has long been recognized as a fundamental modulator of kidney health in human and experimental models. Age-dependent alterations in mitochondrial function play a crucial role in the development of diseases of aging, and mitochondrial disorders have been observed in experimental models of kidney failure. Recently, the beneficial dietary effect of a specific mixture of essential amino acids (EAA) has been studied in elderly subjects, but no data were collected from the kidney. The aim of this study was to assess whether daily supplementation of the diet with EAA at the beginning of senescence could preserve renal health. We used middle-aged (18-month-old) male Wistar rats fed a standard diet and water ad libitum (M-aged group) or a diet with added EAA (1.5 g/kg per day) dissolved in drinking water for 3 months (M-aged+EAA group). Young (2-month-old) rats fed a standard diet for 3 months were used as controls. Mitochondrial morphology and markers for collagen, cyt-c-oxidase, HSP60, GRP75, eNOS, iNOS, Bax, Bcl2 and VEGF were analyzed in glomeruli and tubules. EAA supplementation limited fibrosis and increased the capillary tuft area in the glomeruli of M-aged rats. VEGF and eNOS were enhanced in glomeruli and the peritubular space with the EAA-supplemented diet. Mitochondrial cyt-c oxidase, Bcl2, and chaperones increased in the distal tubules of the EAA group to levels similar to those observed in the young group. Mitochondrial area and density after EAA intake did not differ from young groups. The results suggest that prolonged EAA intake could represent a strategy for maintaining the healthy status of the kidney in M-aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Corsetti
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Guo X, Kudryavtseva E, Bodyak N, Nicholas A, Dombrovsky I, Yang D, Kraytsberg Y, Simon DK, Khrapko K. Mitochondrial DNA deletions in mice in men: substantia nigra is much less affected in the mouse. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1159-62. [PMID: 20388490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions have been reported to accumulate to high levels in substantia nigra of older humans, and these mutations are suspected of causing age-related degeneration in this area. We have compared levels of mtDNA deletions in humans and mice and report here that levels of deletions in the mouse are very significantly lower than in humans. While human mtDNA from substantia nigra contained more than 5% of deleted molecules, mouse substantia nigra contained less than 0.5%. These results imply that mtDNA deletions are unlikely to play any significant role in of murine substantia nigra aging and further call for caution in using mouse models in studies of the role of mtDNA deletions in aging and neurodegeneration. On a more general note, these results support the view that critical targets of the various aging processes may differ significantly between distant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Guo
- Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Kume S, Uzu T, Horiike K, Chin-Kanasaki M, Isshiki K, Araki SI, Sugimoto T, Haneda M, Kashiwagi A, Koya D. Calorie restriction enhances cell adaptation to hypoxia through Sirt1-dependent mitochondrial autophagy in mouse aged kidney. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:1043-55. [PMID: 20335657 DOI: 10.1172/jci41376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative damage is a basic mechanism of aging, and multiple studies demonstrate that this process is attenuated by calorie restriction (CR). However, the molecular mechanism that underlies the beneficial effect of CR on mitochondrial dysfunction is unclear. Here, we investigated in mice the mechanisms underlying CR-mediated protection against hypoxia in aged kidney, with a special focus on the role of the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), which is linked to CR-related longevity in model organisms, on mitochondrial autophagy. Adult-onset and long-term CR in mice promoted increased Sirt1 expression in aged kidney and attenuated hypoxia-associated mitochondrial and renal damage by enhancing BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3-dependent (Bnip3-dependent) autophagy. Culture of primary renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs) in serum from CR mice promoted Sirt1-mediated forkhead box O3 (Foxo3) deacetylation. This activity was essential for expression of Bnip3 and p27Kip1 and for subsequent autophagy and cell survival of PTCs under hypoxia. Furthermore, the kidneys of aged Sirt1+/- mice were resistant to CR-mediated improvement in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria under hypoxia. These data highlight the role of the Sirt1-Foxo3 axis in cellular adaptation to hypoxia, delineate a molecular mechanism of the CR-mediated antiaging effect, and could potentially direct the design of new therapies for age- and hypoxia-related tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
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Decreased cytochrome c mediates an age-related decline of oxidative phosphorylation in rat kidney mitochondria. Biochem J 2010; 427:105-12. [PMID: 20100174 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kidney function declines with advancing age and mitochondria have been implicated. In the present study we have examined the integrated function of mitochondria isolated from kidneys of 6- and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats. OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) of intact mitochondria and cytochrome c oxidase activity in permeabilized mitochondria were determined with polarographic assays. The activities of the ETC (electron transport chain) complexes and the cytochrome content in solubilized mitochondria were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The respiratory complexes were evaluated with blue native gel electrophoresis. Mitochondrial preparations were evaluated by immunoblotting for cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and VDAC (voltage-dependent anion channel). Mitochondrial morphology was examined by electron microscopy. OXPHOS of mitochondria isolated from 24-month-old animals was decreased 15-25% with complexes I, II, III and IV, and fatty acid substrates. The electron microscopic appearance of mitochondria, the activity of the ETC complexes and the protein abundance of individual complexes and supercomplexes were unchanged. The content of cytochrome c was decreased by 37% in aged mitochondria, as determined by spectrophotometric methods and confirmed with immunoblotting. Polarographic determination of cytochrome c oxidase activity with endogenous cytochrome c demonstrated a 23% reduction in aged mitochondria, which was corrected with the addition of exogenous cytochrome c. Renal mitochondrial OXPHOS decreased with aging in the Fischer 344 rat. Decreased mitochondrial cytochrome c content is a major factor contributing to the OXPHOS defect of mitochondria isolated from kidneys of elderly animals.
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42
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Li Y, Li HZ, Hu P, Deng J, Banoei MM, Sharma LK, Bai Y. Generation and bioenergetic analysis of cybrids containing mitochondrial DNA from mouse skeletal muscle during aging. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:1913-21. [PMID: 20022917 PMCID: PMC2847227 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects have been associated with various diseases and normal aging, particularly in tissues with high energy demands including skeletal muscle. Muscle-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have also been reported to accumulate with aging. Our understanding of the molecular processes mediating altered mitochondrial gene expression to dysfunction associated with mtDNA mutations in muscle would be greatly enhanced by our ability to transfer muscle mtDNA to established cell lines. Here, we report the successful generation of mouse cybrids carrying skeletal muscle mtDNA. Using this novel approach, we performed bioenergetic analysis of cells bearing mtDNA derived from young and old mouse skeletal muscles. A significant decrease in oxidative phosphorylation coupling and regulation capacity has been observed with cybrids carrying mtDNA from skeletal muscle of old mice. Our results also revealed decrease growth capacity and cell viability associated with the mtDNA derived from muscle of old mice. These findings indicate that a decline in mitochondrial function associated with compromised mtDNA quality during aging leads to a decrease in both the capacity and regulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfen Li
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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43
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Kraytsberg Y, Simon DK, Turnbull DM, Khrapko K. Do mtDNA deletions drive premature aging in mtDNA mutator mice? Aging Cell 2009; 8:502-6. [PMID: 19416127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have long been suspected to be involved in mammalian aging, but their role remains controversial. Recent research has demonstrated that relatively higher levels of mtDNA deletions correlate with premature aging in mtDNA mutator mice, which led to the conclusion that premature aging in these mice is driven by mtDNA deletions. However, it is reported here that the absolute level of deletions in mutator mice is quite low, especially when compared with the level of point mutations in these mice. It is thus argued that the available data are insufficient to conclude that mtDNA mutations drive premature aging in mtDNA mutator mice. It remains possible that clonal expansion of mtDNA deletions may result in sufficiently high levels to play a role in age-related dysfunction in some cells, but assessing this possibility will require studies of the distribution of these deletions among different cell types and in individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgenya Kraytsberg
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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44
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Podkowka-Sieczka R, Wieczorowska-Tobis K, Niemir ZI, Styszynski A, Breborowicz A, Oreopoulos DG. The effect on renal structure and function of late-life-introduced caloric restriction (CR) in rats. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 41:211-7. [PMID: 19048385 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-008-9499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that life-long caloric restriction in rats protects the kidneys from age-dependent injury. In this study, we analyzed whether late-life-introduced caloric restriction has a similar effect. The study lasted 12 months. Three groups of animals were analyzed: rats fed "ad libitum" (AD, n = 9), rats on 60% caloric restriction (CR, n = 9), and rats fed "ad libitum" for the first six months of their life then switched to 60% caloric restriction thereafter (LCR, n = 9). At the end of the study kidney function was assessed and kidney samples were analyzed histologically. Serum creatinine and urine albumin were higher in AD than in both CR and LCR (P < 0.001). Creatinine clearance (Cl(cr)) corrected for body weight was lowest in AD and comparable in CR and LCR. Similarly Cl(cr) corrected for kidney weight was lower in AD than in both CR and LCR (P < 0.05). Severe albuminuria was observed only in AD. In CR and LCR the amount of albumin excreted was comparable (AD vs. CR, P < 0.0001; AD vs. LCR, P < 0.001). In morphometric analysis, the mean size of the glomeruli was higher in AD than in both CR and LCR (P < 0.01). Similar results were found for the mesangial area (AD vs. CR, P < 0.001; AD vs. LCR, P < 0.01) and for mesangial cell counts (AD vs. CR, P < 0.001; AD vs. LCR, P < 0.05). No difference was found between CR and LCR in morphometry. In conclusion, our study indicates that late-life introduction of caloric restriction reverses most of the structural and functional changes observed in the kidneys of "ad libitum"-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Podkowka-Sieczka
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Chen J, Velalar CN, Ruan R. Identifying the changes in gene profiles regulating the amelioration of age-related oxidative damages in kidney tissue of rats by the intervention of adult-onset calorie restriction. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11:757-63. [PMID: 18710334 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2008.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated to investigate gene expression profiles that are involved in the molecular mechanisms regulating the amelioration of age-related oxidative damages in male Fischer-344 rats (12 months) through adult-onset calorie restriction (CR) intervention for 6 months. The adult-onset CR was initiated with 10 and 25% restriction for the first and second weeks, respectively, and then maintained at 40% throughout the experiment. The adult-onset CR significantly (p < 0.05) decreased urinary 8-isoprostane and protein carbonyl in kidney for the markers of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, respectively, in rats from the CR group when compared with control group. Based on Yu's and Melk's methods, the age-related renal pathological changes in the kidney of rats from CR group were retarded by adult-onset CR. Such changes could result from the decrease of plasminogen activation inhibition-1 and clusterin and the increase of kallikrein mRNA expressions significantly (p < 0.05) in the kidneys of rats from the CR group. They were further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, inflammatory response pathway was down-regulated significantly (p < 0.05) in rats from the CR group, while fatty acid synthesis, mitochondrial fatty acid betaoxidation, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis were considerably up-regulated in kidney tissue of rats. In conclusion, the adult-onset CR could retard the age-related oxidative damages and renal pathological changes due to variations in gene expressions and biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Cancer and Aging Research Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore
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Percy CJ, Power D, Gobe GC. Renal ageing: changes in the cellular mechanism of energy metabolism and oxidant handling. Nephrology (Carlton) 2008; 13:147-52. [PMID: 18275503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The age-dependent changes in the kidney are often debilitating, can be life-threatening and are a significant cause of increasing health costs worldwide. Excessive fibrosis, a general lack of regenerative ability and an increase in apoptosis in cells that determine healthy renal function work together to cause chronic kidney disease. This review provides information on the molecules and mechanisms that determine the age-dependent effects in the kidney, and in particular, the effects of cellular metabolism and oxidant handling on the ageing kidney. With a better understanding of the influence of ageing on the structural and functional alterations that occur, new targeted therapies may be developed to minimize renal damage and promote health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Percy
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Youssef FF, Ramchandani J, Manswell S, McRae A. Adult-onset calorie restriction attenuates kainic acid excitotoxicity in the rat hippocampal slice. Neurosci Lett 2007; 431:118-22. [PMID: 18179872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 11/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lifelong calorie restriction is the only known intervention that has been shown to consistently increase life span and reduce the effects of aging on the brain. Given the difficulties of replicating lifelong calorie restriction within human populations, we have sought to assess the effects of short-term adult-onset calorie restriction upon acute excitotoxic insults in the rat hippocampus. Adult animals (approximately 6 months of age) underwent calorie restriction (alternate day feeding) for 7-10 weeks. Utilizing both electrophysiological and immunocytochemical techniques, we report that calorie restriction had no effect upon long-term potentiation (LTP), a measure of neuronal function. In control animals, application of kainic acid (20 microM) resulted in only 35% recovery of CA1 population spikes post-insult. However calorie-restricted animals showed significantly improved recovery after kainic acid treatment (64%). This data was supported by immunocytochemical studies which noted widespread loss of microtubule-associated protein (MAP 2) immunoreactivity in control slices following treatment with kainic acid; however MAP 2 staining was preserved in the CA1 and CA3 regions of calorie-restricted animals. Interestingly there was no significant difference in the recovery of population spikes between groups when slices were treated with N-methyl-d-aspartate (15 microM). We conclude that short-term adult-onset calorie restriction does not alter normal neuronal function and serves to protect the hippocampus from acute kainic acid excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid F Youssef
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.
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48
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Razzaque MS. Does renal ageing affect survival? Ageing Res Rev 2007; 6:211-22. [PMID: 17662672 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ageing on progressive deterioration of renal function, both in human and experimental animals, are described elsewhere, but the effect of renal damage on overall survival and longevity is not yet clearly established. The wild-type animals of various genetic backgrounds, fed with regular diet, overtime develop severe age-associated nephropathy, that include but not limited to inflammatory cell infiltration, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Such renal damage significantly reduces their survival. Reducing renal damage, either by caloric restriction or by suppressing growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) activity could significantly enhance the longevity of these animals. Available survival studies using experimental animals clearly suggest that kidney pathology is one of the important non-neoplastic lesions that could affect overall survival, and that restoration of renal function by preventing kidney damage could significantly extend longevity. Careful long-term studies are needed to determine the human relevance of these experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shawkat Razzaque
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 190 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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