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Chen H, Chen L, Chen Y, Guo Q, Lin S. Exploring the genetic causal association of TIMP3 on CKD and kidney function: a two-sample mendelian randomization. Front Genet 2024; 15:1367399. [PMID: 38774282 PMCID: PMC11106400 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1367399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated a positive association between the level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, whether those associations reflect causal links still to be determined. This study intended to research the causal relationship of TIMP3 with CKD and markers of kidney function, such as creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcrea), cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys), eGFRcrea in diabetics (eGFRcrea (DM)) and eGFRcrea in non diabetics (eGFRcrea (No DM)). Methods: In this study, we investigated the causal relationships between TIMP3 and CKD and kidney function markers using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) technique. We used summary level datasets for TIMP3 and CKD from genome-wide association studies that we were able to access through the study by Suhre K and Pattaro C. Results: We found that TIMP3 had a significant positive causal effect on the risk of CKD (Inverse variance weighted (IVW):odds ratio (OR):0.962, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.936-0.988),P:0.005). However TIMP3 levels had no significant effect on risk of eGFRcys (PIVW: 0.114),eGFRcrea (PIVW:0.333). After grouping patients based on their diabetes status, we found that genetically higher levels of TIMP3 had a significant impact on eGFRcrea in participants without diabetes (OR:1.003,95%CI (1.001-1.006),P IVW:0.007), but not in participants with diabetes (PIVW = 0.057). Heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses were carried out to verify the accuracy of the MR findings. Their findings were all not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study suggests that TIMP3 may be causally associated with CKD and eGFRcrea (No DM)in people of European ancestry. Strategies aimed to increase TIMP3 levels may provide new ways to delay the deterioration of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Chen
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lixun Chen
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qinyu Guo
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shirong Lin
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Guo Z, Niu Q, Mi X, Yang B, Cai M, Liang Y. Sirt1 activation prevents high glucose-induced angiotensin converting enzyme 2 downregulation in renal tubular cells by regulating the TIMP3/ADAM17 pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:81. [PMID: 38183511 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) exerts renoprotective effects in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by converting angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang (1-7). Previous studies have demonstrated that ACE2 expression in renal tubules is downregulated in DKD, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) is a protein deacetylase that may regulate the activity of the renin-angiotensin system. The present study investigated the effects of Sirt1 on ACE2 expression under high glucose (HG) conditions and the underlying signaling pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats with DKD and NRK-52E cells cultured with HG were employed in this study. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry detection and qRT-PCR were performed for protein and mRNA expression analyses. Rats subjected to DKD displayed downregulated expression of Sirt1 and ACE2 in kidneys. Resveratrol, an activator of Sirt1, restored ACE2 expression and ameliorated renal injuries. Similarly, pharmacological activation of Sirt1 with SRT1720 markedly upregulated ACE2 in NRK-52E cells cultured with HG, while Sirt1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) further suppressed ACE2 expression. In addition, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 was observed to be upregulated, and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), was downregulated in the kidneys of diabetic rats and NRK-52E cells incubated with HG. The TIMP3/ADAM17 pathway was involved in the regulation of ACE2 expression, as evidenced by decreased ACE2 expression levels after TIMP3-siRNA pretreatment. SRT1720 ameliorated the imbalance of TIMP3/ADAM17 induced by HG and consequently enhanced the expression of ACE2. Notably, the above effect of SRT1720 on ACE2 was interrupted by TIMP3-siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Sirt1 activation may prevent HG-induced downregulation of renal tubular ACE2 by modulating the TIMP3/ADAM17 pathway. Sirt1 stimulation might be a potential strategy for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qingyu Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Meishun Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yaoxian Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Chatterjee E, Rodosthenous RS, Kujala V, Gokulnath P, Spanos M, Lehmann HI, de Oliveira GP, Shi M, Miller-Fleming TW, Li G, Ghiran IC, Karalis K, Lindenfeld J, Mosley JD, Lau ES, Ho JE, Sheng Q, Shah R, Das S. Circulating extracellular vesicles in human cardiorenal syndrome promote renal injury in a kidney-on-chip system. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165172. [PMID: 37707956 PMCID: PMC10721327 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) - renal injury during heart failure (HF) - is linked to high morbidity. Whether circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo directly impact its pathogenesis remains unclear.METHODSWe investigated the role of circulating EVs from patients with CRS on renal epithelial/endothelial cells using a microfluidic kidney-on-chip (KOC) model. The small RNA cargo of circulating EVs was regressed against serum creatinine to prioritize subsets of functionally relevant EV-miRNAs and their mRNA targets investigated using in silico pathway analysis, human genetics, and interrogation of expression in the KOC model and in renal tissue. The functional effects of EV-RNAs on kidney epithelial cells were experimentally validated.RESULTSRenal epithelial and endothelial cells in the KOC model exhibited uptake of EVs from patients with HF. HF-CRS EVs led to higher expression of renal injury markers (IL18, LCN2, HAVCR1) relative to non-CRS EVs. A total of 15 EV-miRNAs were associated with creatinine, targeting 1,143 gene targets specifying pathways relevant to renal injury, including TGF-β and AMPK signaling. We observed directionally consistent changes in the expression of TGF-β pathway members (BMP6, FST, TIMP3) in the KOC model exposed to CRS EVs, which were validated in epithelial cells treated with corresponding inhibitors and mimics of miRNAs. A similar trend was observed in renal tissue with kidney injury. Mendelian randomization suggested a role for FST in renal function.CONCLUSIONPlasma EVs in patients with CRS elicit adverse transcriptional and phenotypic responses in a KOC model by regulating biologically relevant pathways, suggesting a role for EVs in CRS.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT03345446.FUNDINGAmerican Heart Association (AHA) (SFRN16SFRN31280008); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1R35HL150807-01); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UH3 TR002878); and AHA (23CDA1045944).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodosthenis S. Rodosthenous
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helge Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ionita Calin Ghiran
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katia Karalis
- Emulate, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Mosley
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily S. Lau
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ravi Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Research Center, Cardiology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Hu M, Meganathan I, Zhu J, MacArthur R, Kassiri Z. Loss of TIMP3, but not TIMP4, exacerbates thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 184:61-74. [PMID: 37844423 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Aorta exhibits regional heterogeneity (structural and functional), while different etiologies for thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA, AAA) are recognized. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate vascular remodeling through different mechanisms. Region-dependent functions have been reported for TIMP3 and TIMP4 in vascular pathologies. We investigated the region-specific function of these TIMPs in development of TAA versus AAA. METHODS & RESULTS TAA or AAA was induced in male and female mice lacking TIMP3 (Timp3-/-), TIMP4 (Timp4-/-) or in wildtype (WT) mice by peri-adventitial elastase application. Loss of TIMP3 exacerbated TAA and AAA severity in males and females, with a greater increase in proteinase activity, smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching post-AAA and -TAA, while increased inflammation was detected in the media post-AAA, but in the adventitia post-TAA. Timp3-/- mice showed impaired intimal barrier integrity post-AAA, but a greater adventitial vasa-vasorum branching post-TAA, which could explain the site of inflammation in AAA versus TAA. Severity of TAA and AAA in Timp4-/- mice was similar to WT mice. In vitro, Timp3 knockdown more severely compromised the permeability of human aortic EC monolayer compared to Timp4 knockdown or the control group. In aneurysmal aorta specimens from patients, TIMP3 expression decreased in the media in AAA, and in adventitial in TAA specimens, consistent with the impact of its loss in AAA versus TAA in mice. CONCLUSION TIMP3 loss exacerbates inflammation, adverse remodeling and aortic dilation, but triggers different patterns of remodeling in AAA versus TAA, and through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ilamaran Meganathan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jiechun Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rodrick MacArthur
- Department of Cardiac surgery, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Szostak J, Gorący A, Durys D, Dec P, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076214. [PMID: 37047185 PMCID: PMC10094215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus, affecting one in every five patients suffering from diabetes. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is still unclear. Several factors and pathways are known to be involved in the development of the disease, such as reactive oxygen species or the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The expression of those proteins might be extensively regulated by microRNA. Recent research suggests that in diabetic nephropathy patients, the profile of miRNA is significantly changed. In this review, we focus on the actions of miRNA in various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical usage of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Durys
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Dec
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Hu M, Ma Q, Liu B, Wang Q, Zhang T, Huang T, Lv Z. Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845371. [PMID: 35517509 PMCID: PMC9065414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, with relatively high morbidity and mortality globally but still in short therapeutic options. Over the decades, a large body of data has demonstrated that oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and hemodynamic disorders might exert critical influence in the initiation and development of DKD, whereas the delicate pathogenesis of DKD remains profoundly elusive. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), extensively studied in the field of cancer, are attracting increasing attentions on the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications including DKD, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we chiefly focused on abnormal expression and function of lncRNAs in major resident cells (mesangial cell, endothelial cell, podocyte, and tubular epithelial cell) in the kidney, summarized the critical roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DKD, and elaborated their potential therapeutic significance, in order to advance our knowledge in this field, which might help in future research and clinical treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhimei Lv,
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Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteases 3 (TIMP-3): In Vivo Analysis Underpins Its Role as a Master Regulator of Ectodomain Shedding. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020211. [PMID: 35207132 PMCID: PMC8878240 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytical cleavage of transmembrane proteins with subsequent release of their extracellular domain, so-called ectodomain shedding, is a post-translational modification that plays an essential role in several biological processes, such as cell communication, adhesion and migration. Metalloproteases are major proteases in ectodomain shedding, especially the disintegrin metalloproteases (ADAMs) and the membrane-type matrix metalloproteases (MT-MMPs), which are considered to be canonical sheddases for their membrane-anchored topology and for the large number of proteins that they can release. The unique ability of TIMP-3 to inhibit different families of metalloproteases, including the canonical sheddases (ADAMs and MT-MMPs), renders it a master regulator of ectodomain shedding. This review provides an overview of the different functions of TIMP-3 in health and disease, with a major focus on the functional consequences in vivo related to its ability to control ectodomain shedding. Furthermore, herein we describe a collection of mass spectrometry-based approaches that have been used in recent years to identify new functions of sheddases and TIMP-3. These methods may be used in the future to elucidate the pathological mechanisms triggered by the Sorsby’s fundus dystrophy variants of TIMP-3 or to identify proteins released by less well characterized TIMP-3 target sheddases whose substrate repertoire is still limited, thus providing novel insights into the physiological and pathological functions of the inhibitor.
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Casagrande V, Federici M, Menghini R. TIMP3 involvement and potentiality in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1587-1594. [PMID: 34181080 PMCID: PMC8542557 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease, one of the most severe complications associated with diabetes, is characterized by albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis and progressive loss of renal function. Loss of TIMP3, an Extracellular matrix-bound protein, is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy in human and mouse models, suggesting its pivotal role in renal diseases associated to diabetes. There is currently no specific therapy for diabetic nephropathy, and the ability to restore high TIMP3 activity specifically in the kidney may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of renal injury under conditions in which its reduction is directly related to the disease. Increasing evidence shows that diabetic nephropathy is also regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including noncoding RNA. This review recapitulates the pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic potential roles of TIMP3 and the noncoding RNA (microRNA, long noncoding RNA) related to its expression, in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Casagrande
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medical Sciences, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Zhu D, Wu X, Xue Q. Long non-coding RNA CASC2 restrains high glucose-induced proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis in human glomerular mesangial cells through mediating miR-135a-5p/TIMP3 axis and JNK signaling. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:89. [PMID: 34446088 PMCID: PMC8393478 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) is reported to exert a protective role in DN by a previous study. The working mechanism underlying the protective role of CASC2 in DN progression was further explored in this study. METHODS The expression of CASC2 and microRNA-135a-5p (miR-135a-5p) was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation ability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EDU) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to analyze the production of inflammatory cytokines in the supernatant. Western blot assay was performed to analyze protein expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were performed to verify the target relationship between miR-135a-5p and CASC2 or tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). RESULTS High glucose (HG) treatment reduced the expression of CASC2 in human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs) in a time-dependent manner. CASC2 overexpression suppressed HG-induced proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis in HMCs. miR-135a-5p was validated as a target of CASC2, and CASC2 restrained HG-induced influences in HMCs partly by down-regulating miR-135a-5p. miR-135a-5p bound to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of TIMP3, and CASC2 positively regulated TIMP3 expression by sponging miR-135a-5p in HMCs. miR-135a-5p silencing inhibited HG-induced effects in HMCs partly by up-regulating its target TIMP3. CASC2 overexpression suppressed HG-induced activation of Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling partly through mediating miR-135a-5p/TIMP3 signaling. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CASC2 alleviated proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis in DN cell model by sponging miR-135a-5p to induce TIMP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
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10
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications have been implicated to mediate several complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), especially nephropathy and retinopathy. Our aim was to ascertain whether epigenetic alterations in whole blood discriminate among patients with DM with normal, delayed, and rapid gastric emptying (GE).
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11
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Suh SH, Ma SK, Kim SW, Bae EH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and kidney diseases in the era of coronavirus disease 2019. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:247-262. [PMID: 33617712 PMCID: PMC7969072 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the decades since the discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), its protective role in terms of antagonizing activation of the classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) axis has been recognized in clinical and experimental studies on kidney and cardiovascular diseases. The effects of ACE inhibitor/angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ACEi/ARBs) on ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang- (1-7))-Mas receptor (MasR) axis activation has encouraged the use of such blockers in patients with kidney and cardiovascular diseases, until the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The previously unchallenged functions of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-MasR axis and ACEi/ARBs are being re-evaluated in the era of COVID-19; the hypothesis is that ACEi/ARBs may increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection by upregulating the human ACE2 receptor expression level. In this review, we examine ACE2 molecular structure, function (as an enzyme of the RAS), and distribution. We explore the roles played by ACE2 in kidney, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases, highlighting studies that defined the benefits imparted when ACEi/ARBs activated the local ACE2- Ang-(1-7)-MasR axis. Finally, the question of whether ACEi/ARBs therapies should be stopped in COVID-19-infected patients will be reviewed by reference to the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Correspondence to Eun Hui Bae, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea Tel: +82-62-220-6503 Fax: +82-62-225-8578 E-mail:
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12
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Casagrande V, Iuliani G, Menini S, Pugliese G, Federici M, Menghini R. Restoration of renal TIMP3 levels via genetics and pharmacological approach prevents experimental diabetic nephropathy. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e305. [PMID: 33634991 PMCID: PMC7862169 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the major complications of diabetes, is characterized by albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and progressive loss of renal function. Loss of TIMP3, an Extracellular Matrix bound protein affecting both inflammation and fibrosis, is a hallmark of DN in human subjects and mouse models. METHODS This study was designed to provide evidences that the modulation of the system involving TIMP3 and its target A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), may rescue kidney pathology in diabetic mice. Mice with cell-targeted overexpression of TIMP3 in myeloid cells (MacT3), podocyte-specific ADAM17 knockout mice (∆PodA17), and DBA/2J mice, were rendered diabetic at 8 weeks of age with a low-dose streptozotocin protocol. DBA/2J mice were administered new peptides based on the human TIMP3 N-terminal domain, specifically conjugated with G3C12, a carrier peptide highly selective and efficient for transport to the kidney. Twelve weeks after Streptozotocin injections, 24-hour albuminuria was determined by ELISA, kidney morphometry was analyzed by periodic acid-shift staining, and Real Time-PCR and western blot analysis were performed on mRNA and protein extracted from kidney cortex. RESULTS Our results showed that both genetic modifications and peptides treatment positively affect renal function and structure in diabetic mice, as indicated by a significant and consistent decline in albuminuria along with reduction in glomerular lesions, as indicated by reduced mesangial expansion and glomerular hypertrophy, decreased deposition of extracellular matrix in the mesangium, diminished protein expression of the NADPH oxidases 4 (NOX4), and the improvement of podocyte structural markers such as WT1, nephrin, and podocin. Moreover, the positive effects were exerted through a mechanism independent from glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic mice the targeting of TIMP3 system improved kidney structure and function, representing a valid approach to develop new avenues to treat this severe complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Casagrande
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine DiseasesFondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”San Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Giulia Iuliani
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine“Sapienza” UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine“Sapienza” UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Massimo Federici
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Center for AtherosclerosisDepartment of Medical Sciences Policlinico Tor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Departments of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
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13
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Yarahmadi A, Shahrokhi SZ, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Azarpira N. MicroRNAs in diabetic nephropathy: From molecular mechanisms to new therapeutic targets of treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114301. [PMID: 33203517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable investigation in diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis and possible treatments, current therapies still do not provide competent prevention from disease progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in most patients. Therefore, investigating exact molecular mechanisms and important mediators underlying DN may help design better therapeutic approaches for proper treatment. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of many gene expression within the cells and present an excellent opportunity for new therapeutic approaches because their profile is often changed during many diseases, including DN. This review discusses the most important signaling pathways involved in DN and changes in miRNAs profile in each signaling pathway. We also suggest possible approaches for miRNA derived interventions for designing better treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yarahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Shahrokhi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zipeto D, Palmeira JDF, Argañaraz GA, Argañaraz ER. ACE2/ADAM17/TMPRSS2 Interplay May Be the Main Risk Factor for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576745. [PMID: 33117379 PMCID: PMC7575774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already caused hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide in a few months. Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and chronic lung disease have been identified as the main COVID-19 comorbidities. Moreover, despite similar infection rates between men and women, the most severe course of the disease is higher in elderly and co-morbid male patients. Therefore, the occurrence of specific comorbidities associated with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance mediated by the interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and desintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17), along with specific genetic factors mainly associated with type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) expression, could be decisive for the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Indeed, the exacerbated ADAM17-mediated ACE2, TNF-α, and IL-6R secretion emerges as a possible underlying mechanism for the acute inflammatory immune response and the activation of the coagulation cascade. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the main pathophysiological aspects of ACE2, ADAM17, and TMPRSS2 host proteins in COVID-19. Additionally, we discuss a possible mechanism to explain the deleterious effect of ADAM17 and TMPRSS2 over-activation in the COVID-19 outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Julys da Fonseca Palmeira
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Argañaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Enrique R. Argañaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
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15
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Fan H, Zhang W. Overexpression of Linc 4930556M19Rik Suppresses High Glucose-Triggered Podocyte Apoptosis, Fibrosis and Inflammation via the miR-27a-3p/Metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) Axis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925361. [PMID: 32896839 PMCID: PMC7500124 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The goal of our study was to investigate the functional roles of long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) 4930556M19Rik in DN. Material/Methods A DN cell model was constructed by exposing podocytes to high glucose (HG). A subcellular fraction assay was used to determine the level of 4930556M19Rik in the nucleus and cytoplasm of podocytes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate expression of 4930556M19Rik and miR-27a-3p. Western blot assay was used to assessed levels of fibrosis-related proteins, podocin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). Flow cytometry analysis was performed to analyze cell apoptosis. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Dual-luciferase reporter, RIP, and RNA pull-down assays were used to verify the relationship between miR-27a-3p and 4930556M19Rik or TIMP3. Results 4930556M19Rik was significantly decreased in HG-stimulated podocytes and mainly enriched in the cytoplasm of podocytes. Elevation of 4930556M19Rik hampered HG-induced cell apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory in podocytes. 4930556M19Rik sponged miR-27a-3p to negatively modulate miR-27a-3p expression. MiR-27a-3p overexpression reversed the impact of 4930556M19Rik mediated cell progression in HG-induced podocytes. Moreover, TIMP3 was the target for miR-27a-3p and miR-27a-3p inhibition slowed podocyte injury by targeting TIMP3. Conclusions 4930556M19Rik overexpression slowed HG-induced podocyte injury by downregulating miR-27a-3p and upregulating TIMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020472. [PMID: 32046355 PMCID: PMC7073625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Around the world diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The hallmark of the pathogenesis of DKD is an increased extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation causing thickening of the glomerular and tubular basement membranes, mesangial expansion, sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) family are composed of zinc-dependent enzymes involved in the degradation and hydrolysis of ECM components. Several MMPs are expressed in the kidney; nephron compartments, vasculature and connective tissue. Given their important role in DKD, several studies have been performed in patients with DKD proposing that the measurement of their activity in serum or in urine may become in the future markers of early DKD. Studies from diabetic nephropathy experimental models suggest that a balance between MMPs levels and their inhibitors is needed to maintain renal homeostasis. This review focuses in the importance of the MMPs within the kidney and their modifications at the circulation, kidney and urine in patients with DKD. We also cover the most important studies performed in experimental models of diabetes in terms of MMPs levels, renal expression and its down-regulation effect.
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Zheng Z, Wu D, Fan S, Zhang Z, Chen G, Lu J. Upregulation of miR‐675‐5p induced by lncRNA H19 was associated with tumor progression and development by targeting tumor suppressor p53 in non–small cell lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18724-18735. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life ScienceNanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou P. R. China
- College of Health SciencesJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Shao‐Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou P. R. China
- College of Health SciencesJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou P. R. China
- College of Health SciencesJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Gui‐Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research CenterNanjing University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou P. R. China
- College of Health SciencesJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou P. R. China
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18
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Zhu F, Wu H, Chen J, Han B, Guo Y. Dysregulation of microRNA‐181b and TIMP3 is functionally involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18963-18969. [PMID: 30937907 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu‐Xiang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang China
| | - Heng‐Lan Wu
- Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang China
| | - Jian‐Xiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang China
| | - Yin‐Feng Guo
- Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang China
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19
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Wang F, Gao X, Zhang R, Zhao P, Sun Y, Li C. LncRNA TUG1 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting miR-21 to promote TIMP3-expression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:717-729. [PMID: 31933879 PMCID: PMC6945187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important microvascular diseases in diabetic patients and has been the first cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). In this study, we are aims to investigate the genetic mechanisms of lncRNA in the regulation of DN renal fibrosis. First, we have found that the expression of lncRNA TUG1 in db/db DN mice kidney tissue and high glucose-stimulated NRK-52E cells were down-regulated and the overexpression of lncRNA TUG1 could inhibit cell fibrosis of high glucose-stimulated of NRK-52E. Second, online software program Starbase predicts that miR-21 is a target gene of lncRNA TUG1 and TIMP3 is the target gene of miR-21, which have been verified by luciferase reporter assay and RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP). Last, the renal fibrosis in DN mice and cell fibrosis in high glucose-stimulated NRK-52E cells were also evaluated. We have proven that overexpression of lncRNA TUG1 can promote the expression of TIMP3 through targeting the miR-21, thereby inhibiting cell fibrosis in high glucose-stimulated NRK-52E cells and renal fibrosis in DN mice. Our results indicated that lncRNA TUG1 could indirectly regulated the expression of TIMP3 by targeting miR-21. LncRNA TUG1 inhibited high glucose-stimulated NRK-52E cell fibrosis and renal fibrosis in DN mice, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of DN fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Yali Sun
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
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Chen X, Zhao L, Xing Y, Lin B. RETRACTED: Down-regulation of microRNA-21 reduces inflammation and podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy by relieving the repression of TIMP3 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:7-14. [PMID: 30212710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns were raised about suspected duplicated features between the 'DN' and 'DN+anti-miR-NC' groups within Figure 2I, as detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/FB14889727E5CF2651E012EEA10225#1. A journal investigation confirmed the presence of these suspected duplicated features. The journal asked the authors to provide an explanation to these concerns and the associated raw data. All authors were contacted on several occasions, but the journal did not receive a response. The Editor-in-Chief assessed the case and decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Department of Pediatric, Kaifeng Hospital of TCM, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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21
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Dewanjee S, Bhattacharjee N. MicroRNA: A new generation therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:32-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a pivotal player in the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal systems. Discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), capable of cleaving RAS effector peptide angiotensin (Ang) II into biologically active Ang-(1-7), has increased the complexity of our knowledge of the RAS. ACE2 expression is abundant in the kidney and is thought to provide protection against injury. This review emphasizes current experimental and clinical findings that examine ACE2 in the context of kidney injury and its potential therapeutic impact for treatment of kidney disease. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical studies have reported upregulation of ACE2 in urine from diabetic patients, which may be reflective of pathological shedding of renal ACE2 as suggested by mechanistic experiments. Studies in experimental models have investigated the feasibility of pharmacological induction of ACE2 for improvement of renal function, inflammation, and fibrosis. SUMMARY Emerging concepts about the RAS indicate that ACE2 is a critical regulator of angiotensin peptide metabolism and the pathogenesis of renal disease. Human recombinant ACE2 is available and may be a practical clinical approach to enzyme replacement. Elucidating precise roles of ACE2 throughout disease progression will enrich our view of the RAS and help identify novel targets and appropriate strategies for intervention.
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23
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Ahmad A, Bittoun E, Siddiquei MM, Mohammad G, Mousa A, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G. Differential expression and localization of human tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e27-e37. [PMID: 28391660 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) block the catalysis by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and have additional biologic activities, including regulation of cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and oncogenesis. We investigated the expression levels of all the four human TIMPs and correlated these levels with those of MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS Vitreous samples from 38 PDR and 21 nondiabetic control patients and epiretinal membranes from 14 patients with PDR and 10 patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, TIMP-4, MMP-9 and VEGF levels were significantly higher in vitreous samples from PDR patients than in nondiabetic controls (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons), whereas TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 levels did not differ significantly. TIMP-1, TIMP-4, MMP-9 and VEGF levels in PDR with active neovascularization were significantly higher than those in inactive PDR (p < 0.0001, 0.001, 0.013, 0.004, respectively). Significant positive correlations existed between levels of TIMP-1 and levels of TIMP-4 (r = 0.37; p = 0.004), MMP-9 (r = 0.65; p < 0.0001) and VEGF (r = 0.59; p < 0.0001), between levels of TIMP-4 and levels of MMP-9 (r = 0.61; p < 0.0001) and VEGF (r = 0.62; p < 0.0001) and between levels of MMP-9 and VEGF (r = 0.62; p < 0.0001). TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 were expressed in vascular endothelial cells in PDR epiretinal membranes and in myofibroblasts and leucocytes in PDR and PVR epiretinal membranes. CONCLUSION The differential expression of TIMPs in PDR suggests that among the 4 TIMPs, TIMP-1 and TIMP-4 may be possible biomarkers of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emilie Bittoun
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Rossi C, Marzano V, Consalvo A, Zucchelli M, Levi Mortera S, Casagrande V, Mavilio M, Sacchetta P, Federici M, Menghini R, Urbani A, Ciavardelli D. Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in TIMP3-deficient mice. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:121-129. [PMID: 29134286 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase TIMP3 is a stromal protein that restrains the activity of both protease and receptor in the extracellular matrix and has been found to be down-regulated in diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in developed countries. METHODS In order to gain deeper insights on the association of loss of TIMP3 and DN, we performed differential proteomic analysis of kidney and blood metabolic profiling of wild-type and Timp3-knockout mice before and after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment, widely used to induce insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. RESULTS Kidney proteomic data and blood metabolic profiles suggest significant alterations of peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acids β-oxidation in Timp3-knockout mice compared to wild-type mice under basal condition. These alterations were exacerbated in response to STZ treatment. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic and metabolomic approaches showed that loss of TIMP3 alone or in combination with STZ treatment results in significant alterations of kidney lipid metabolism and peripheral acylcarnitine levels, supporting the idea that loss of TIMP3 may generate a phenotype more prone to DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rossi
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Analitica e Proteomica, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Valeria Marzano
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Human Microbiome Unit, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Consalvo
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Analitica e Proteomica, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Analitica e Proteomica, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Levi Mortera
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Human Microbiome Unit, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Mavilio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sacchetta
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Analitica e Proteomica, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biochemical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery - Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Analitica e Proteomica, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- School of Human and Social Science, 'Kore' University of Enna, Via della Cooperazione, 94100, Enna, Italy
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Lindsey ML, Kassiri Z, Virag JAI, de Castro Brás LE, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Guidelines for measuring cardiac physiology in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H733-H752. [PMID: 29351456 PMCID: PMC5966769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, and translational research is needed to understand better mechanisms whereby the left ventricle responds to injury. Mouse models of heart disease have provided valuable insights into mechanisms that occur during cardiac aging and in response to a variety of pathologies. The assessment of cardiovascular physiological responses to injury or insult is an important and necessary component of this research. With increasing consideration for rigor and reproducibility, the goal of this guidelines review is to provide best-practice information regarding how to measure accurately cardiac physiology in animal models. In this article, we define guidelines for the measurement of cardiac physiology in mice, as the most commonly used animal model in cardiovascular research. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-measuring-cardiac-physiology-in-mice/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
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Sharma D, Bhattacharya P, Kalia K, Tiwari V. Diabetic nephropathy: New insights into established therapeutic paradigms and novel molecular targets. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 128:91-108. [PMID: 28453961 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most prevalent microvascular complication in patients suffering from diabetes and is reported to be the major cause of renal failure when compared to any other kidney disease. Currently, available therapies provide only symptomatic relief and unable to treat the underlying pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. This review will explore new insights into the established therapeutic paradigms targeting oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress with the focus on recent clinical developments. Apart from this, the involvement of novel cellular and molecular mechanisms including the role of endothelin-receptor antagonists, Wnt signaling pathway, epigenetics and micro RNA is also discussed so that key molecular switches involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy can be identified. Elucidating new molecular pathways will help in the development of novel therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Parrish AR. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Kidney Disease: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:31-65. [PMID: 28662825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are large family of proteinases. In addition to a fundamental role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, they also cleave a number of cell surface proteins and are involved in multiple cellular processes. MMP activity is regulated via numerous mechanisms, including inhibition by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Similar to MMPs, a role for TIMPs has been established in multiple cell signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of MMPs and TIMPS in renal pathophysiology has long been recognized, and with the generation of specific knockout mice, the mechanistic role of several MMPs and TIMPs is becoming more understood and has revealed both pathogenic and protective roles. This chapter will focus on the expression and localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the kidney, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In addition, we will summarize studies suggesting that MMPs and TIMPs may be biomarkers of renal dysfunction and represent novel therapeutic targets to attenuate kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Parrish
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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Marshall CB. Rethinking glomerular basement membrane thickening in diabetic nephropathy: adaptive or pathogenic? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F831-F843. [PMID: 27582102 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00313.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and death. DN develops insidiously over a span of years before clinical manifestations, including microalbuminuria and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR), are evident. During the clinically silent period, structural lesions develop, including glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, mesangial expansion, and glomerulosclerosis. Once microalbuminuria is clinically apparent, structural lesions are often considerably advanced, and GFR decline may then proceed rapidly toward end-stage kidney disease. Given the current lack of sensitive biomarkers for detecting early DN, a shift in focus toward examining the cellular and molecular basis for the earliest structural change in DN, i.e., GBM thickening, may be warranted. Observed within one to two years following the onset of diabetes, GBM thickening precedes clinically evident albuminuria. In the mature glomerulus, the podocyte is likely key in modifying the GBM, synthesizing and assembling matrix components, both in physiological and pathological states. Podocytes also secrete matrix metalloproteinases, crucial mediators in extracellular matrix turnover. Studies have shown that the critical podocyte-GBM interface is disrupted in the diabetic milieu. Just as healthy podocytes are essential for maintaining the normal GBM structure and function, injured podocytes likely have a fundamental role in upsetting the balance between the GBM's synthetic and degradative pathways. This article will explore the biological significance of GBM thickening in DN by reviewing what is known about the GBM's formation, its maintenance during health, and its disruption in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Marshall
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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29
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Rudnicki M, Beckers A, Neuwirt H, Vandesompele J. RNA expression signatures and posttranscriptional regulation in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. [PMID: 26209736 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the integration of molecular approaches including transcriptome and miRNome analyses uncovered pathological mechanisms involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Using these techniques, molecular marker candidates [both messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA] have also been identified which may enable the characterization of patients at high risk for progression to end-stage renal disease. The results of such studies are urgently needed for a molecular definition of DN and for targeted treatment to improve patient care. The heterogeneity of kidney tissue and the minute amounts of RNA isolated from renal biopsies remain a challenge for omics-studies. Nevertheless, several studies have succeeded in the identification of RNA expression signatures in patients with diabetes and kidney disease. These studies show a reduced expression of growth factors such as VEGF and EGF, and an increased expression of matrix components and matrix-modulating enzymes, an activation of specific NF-κB modules, inflammatory pathways and the complement system. microRNAs are involved in the fine-tuning of mRNA abundance by binding to the 3' untranslated region of a target mRNA, which leads in most cases to translational repression or mRNA cleavage and a decrease in protein output. Here, we review the platforms used for miRNA expression profiling and ways to predict miRNA targets and functions. Several miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of DN (e.g. miR-21, miR-192, miR-215, miR-216a, miR-29, let-7, miR-25, miR-93, etc.). Functional studies provide evidence that miRNAs are not only diagnostic tools but also represent potential therapeutic targets in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Neuwirt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Atkinson JM, Pullen N, Da Silva-Lodge M, Williams L, Johnson TS. Inhibition of Thrombin-Activated Fibrinolysis Inhibitor Increases Survival in Experimental Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1925-37. [PMID: 25411467 PMCID: PMC4520161 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes, inflammation, and hypertension are key contributors to progressive renal fibrosis and subsequent loss of renal function. Reduced fibrinolysis appears to be a feature of ESRD, but its contribution to the fibrotic program has not been extensively studied. Here, we show that in patients with CKD, the activity levels of serum thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor and plasmin strongly correlated with the degree of renal function impairment. We made similar observations in rats after subtotal nephrectomy and tested whether pharmacologic inhibition of thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor with UK-396082 could reduce renal fibrosis and improve renal function. Compared with untreated animals, UK-396082-treated animals had reduced glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis after subtotal nephrectomy. Renal function, as measured by an increase in creatinine clearance, was maintained and the rate of increase in proteinuria was reduced in UK-396082-treated animals. Furthermore, cumulative survival improved from 16% to 80% with inhibition of thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor. Taken together, these data support the importance of the fibrinolytic axis in regulating renal fibrosis and point to a potentially important therapeutic role for suppression of thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Atkinson
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; UCB Celltech Pharmaceuticals, Berkshire, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nick Pullen
- Pfizer Global Research Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle Da Silva-Lodge
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Williams
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S Johnson
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; UCB Celltech Pharmaceuticals, Berkshire, United Kingdom; and
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31
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Lai JY, Luo J, O'Connor C, Jing X, Nair V, Ju W, Randolph A, Ben-Dov IZ, Matar RN, Briskin D, Zavadil J, Nelson RG, Tuschl T, Brosius FC, Kretzler M, Bitzer M. MicroRNA-21 in glomerular injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:805-16. [PMID: 25145934 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β(1) is a pleotropic growth factor that mediates glomerulosclerosis and podocyte apoptosis, hallmarks of glomerular diseases. The expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) is regulated by TGF-β(1), and miR-21 inhibits apoptosis in cancer cells. TGF-β(1)-transgenic mice exhibit accelerated podocyte loss and glomerulosclerosis. We determined that miR-21 expression increases rapidly in cultured murine podocytes after exposure to TGF-β(1) and is higher in kidneys of TGF-β(1)-transgenic mice than wild-type mice. miR-21-deficient TGF-β(1)-transgenic mice showed increased proteinuria and glomerular extracellular matrix deposition and fewer podocytes per glomerular tuft compared with miR-21 wild-type TGF-β(1)-transgenic littermates. Similarly, miR-21 expression was increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and loss of miR-21 in these mice was associated with increased albuminuria, podocyte depletion, and mesangial expansion. In cultured podocytes, inhibition of miR-21 was accompanied by increases in the rate of cell death, TGF-β/Smad3-signaling activity, and expression of known proapoptotic miR-21 target genes p53, Pdcd4, Smad7, Tgfbr2, and Timp3. In American-Indian patients with diabetic nephropathy (n=48), albumin-to-creatinine ratio was positively associated with miR-21 expression in glomerular fractions (r=0.6; P<0.001) but not tubulointerstitial fractions (P=0.80). These findings suggest that miR-21 ameliorates TGF-β(1) and hyperglycemia-induced glomerular injury through repression of proapoptotic signals, thereby inhibiting podocyte loss. This finding is in contrast to observations in murine models of tubulointerstitial kidney injury but consistent with findings in cancer models. The aggravation of glomerular disease in miR-21-deficient mice and the positive association with albumin-to-creatinine ratio in patients with diabetic nephropathy support miR-21 as a feedback inhibitor of TGF-β signaling and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Lai
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaohong Jing
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Viji Nair
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ann Randolph
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Iddo Z Ben-Dov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Regina N Matar
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Briskin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Department of Pathology and NYU Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York; and
| | - Robert G Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Frank C Brosius
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Markus Bitzer
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York;
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32
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Mora-Fernández C, Domínguez-Pimentel V, de Fuentes MM, Górriz JL, Martínez-Castelao A, Navarro-González JF. Diabetic kidney disease: from physiology to therapeutics. J Physiol 2014; 592:3997-4012. [PMID: 24907306 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.272328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) defines the functional, structural and clinical abnormalities of the kidneys that are caused by diabetes. This complication has become the single most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. The pathophysiology of DKD comprises the interaction of both genetic and environmental determinants that trigger a complex network of pathophysiological events, which leads to the damage of the glomerular filtration barrier, a highly specialized structure formed by the fenestrated endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane and the epithelial podocytes, that permits a highly selective ultrafiltration of the blood plasma. DKD evolves gradually over years through five progressive stages. Briefly they are: reversible glomerular hyperfiltration, normal glomerular filtration and normoalbuminuria, normal glomerular filtration and microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, and renal failure. Approximately 20-40% of diabetic patients develop microalbuminuria within 10-15 years of the diagnosis of diabetes, and about 80-90% of those with microalbuminuria progress to more advanced stages. Thus, after 15-20 years, macroalbuminuria occurs approximately in 20-40% of patients, and around half of them will present renal insufficiency within 5 years. The screening and early diagnosis of DKD is based on the measurement of urinary albumin excretion and the detection of microalbuminuria, the first clinical sign of DKD. The management of DKD is based on the general recommendations in the treatment of patients with diabetes, including optimal glycaemic and blood pressure control, adequate lipid management and abolishing smoking, in addition to the lowering of albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Muros de Fuentes
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José L Górriz
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Castelao
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain Sociedad Española de Nefrología & Red de Investigación Renal (RETIC/REDinREN/RD12/0021/0019, ISCIII), Spain Nephrology Service, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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33
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Somineni HK, Boivin GP, Elased KM. Daily exercise training protects against albuminuria and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 shedding in db/db diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:235-51. [PMID: 24756098 PMCID: PMC4004628 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is involved in induction and progression of renal damage in diabetes. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed in the kidney and has been shown to be renoprotective by degrading Ang II to Ang-(1-7). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17)-mediated shedding of renal ACE2 contribute to diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis. Lifestyle modification and metformin are recommended as initial therapies for most patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exercise training and/or metformin improve glucose homeostasis and albuminuria and downregulate renal ADAM17 and ACE2 shedding in db/db mice. Seven-week-old normal and db/db mice were subjected either to a sedentary existence or exercise training with and without metformin (150 mg/kg per day) for 10 weeks. Exercise training significantly lowered blood glucose, urinary albumin and ACE2 excretion in db/db mice. ADAM17 and ACE2 proteins were co-localized in cortical tubules of the kidney, indicating a possible interaction. Metformin treatment was effective in lowering hyperglycemia only during the first 2 weeks of treatment. Increased renal ADAM17 in 17-week-old db/db mice was corrected by physical exercise but not metformin. In addition, exercise training reduced plasma triglycerides and enhanced insulin levels of db/db mice. In conclusion, exercise training alone and in combination with metformin prevented shedding of renal ACE2 by decreasing ADAM17 protein. Urinary ACE2 could serve as a prognostic tool for the progression of kidney damage and its attenuation by exercise may partially contribute to its renal protection.
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MESH Headings
- Albuminuria/metabolism
- Albuminuria/prevention & control
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Diabetes Complications/prevention & control
- Diabetes Complications/urine
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/urine
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine
- Exercise Therapy/methods
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Kidney/metabolism
- Male
- Metformin/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/urine
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Protein Transport
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K. Somineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Gregory P. Boivin
- Department of Pathology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Khalid M. Elased
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
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Mori J, Patel VB, Ramprasath T, Alrob OA, DesAulniers J, Scholey JW, Lopaschuk GD, Oudit GY. Angiotensin 1–7 mediates renoprotection against diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F812-21. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00655.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system, especially angiotensin II (ANG II), plays a key role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. ANG 1–7 has counteracting effects on ANG II and is known to exert beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy. We studied the mechanism of ANG 1–7-induced beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. We administered ANG 1–7 (0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1) or saline to 5-mo-old db/db mice for 28 days via implanted micro-osmotic pumps. ANG 1–7 treatment reduced kidney weight and ameliorated mesangial expansion and increased urinary albumin excretion, characteristic features of diabetic nephropathy, in db/db mice. ANG 1–7 decreased renal fibrosis in db/db mice, which correlated with dephosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. ANG 1–7 treatment also suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species via attenuation of NADPH oxidase activity and reduced inflammation in perirenal adipose tissue. Furthermore, ANG 1–7 treatment decreased lipid accumulation in db/db kidneys, accompanied by increased expressions of renal adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Alterations in ATGL expression correlated with increased SIRT1 expression and deacetylation of FOXO1. The upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels in diabetic nephropathy was normalized by ANG 1–7. ANG 1–7 treatment exerts renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy, associated with reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and lipotoxicity. ANG 1–7 can represent a promising therapy for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Vaibhav B. Patel
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Osama Abo Alrob
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica DesAulniers
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - James W. Scholey
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary D. Lopaschuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
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Ma R, Gu B, Gu Y, Groome LJ, Wang Y. Down-regulation of TIMP3 leads to increase in TACE expression and TNFα production by placental trophoblast cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 71:427-33. [PMID: 24495020 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To determine whether down-regulation of TIMP3 expression promotes TACE expression and increases in TNFα production by placental trophoblast cells. METHOD OF STUDY Placental expression of TIMP3 and TACE was examined by immunostaining and Western blot. Effects of TIMP3 on TACE expression and TNFα production were assessed by transfection of TIMP3 siRNA into trophoblasts isolated from normal placentas. Effects of oxidative stress on trophoblast TIMP3 expression and TNFα production were also determined. Trophoblast production of TIMP3, TACE and TNFα were measured by ELISA. RESULTS TIMP3 expression was markedly reduced in preeclamptic placentas compared with normal placentas; oxidative stress down-regulated trophoblast TIMP3 expression and production, P < 0.01. Down-regulation of TIMP3 expression by TIMP3 siRNA resulted in significant increases in TACE expression and TNFα production, P < 0.01. CONCLUSION As TIMP3 is an endogenous TACE inhibitor, down-regulation of trophoblast TIMP3 expression/activity could result in increased TACE expression and subsequently lead to increased TNFα production in preeclamptic placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Gynecology, The Third Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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36
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Salem ESB, Grobe N, Elased KM. Insulin treatment attenuates renal ADAM17 and ACE2 shedding in diabetic Akita mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F629-39. [PMID: 24452639 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00516.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is located in several tissues and is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules, where it degrades the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (ANG II) to ANG-(1-7). Accumulating evidence supports protective roles of ACE2 in several disease states, including diabetic nephropathy. A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 is involved in the shedding of several transmembrane proteins, including ACE2. Our previous studies showed increased renal ACE2, ADAM17 expression, and urinary ACE2 in type 2 diabetic mice (Chodavarapu H, Grobe N, Somineni HK, Salem ES, Madhu M, Elased KM. PLoS One 8: e62833, 2013). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of insulin on ACE2 shedding and ADAM17 in type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Results demonstrate increased renal ACE2 and ADAM17 expression and increased urinary ACE2 fragments (≈70 kDa) and albumin excretion in diabetic Akita mice. Immunostaining revealed colocalization of ACE2 with ADAM17 in renal tubules. Renal proximal tubular cells treated with ADAM17 inhibitor showed reduced ACE2 shedding into the media, confirming ADAM17-mediated shedding of ACE2. Treatment of Akita mice with insulin implants for 20 wk normalized hyperglycemia and decreased urinary ACE2 and albumin excretion. Insulin also normalized renal ACE2 and ADAM17 but had no effect on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) protein expression. There was a positive linear correlation between urinary ACE2 and albuminuria, blood glucose, plasma creatinine, glucagon, and triglycerides. This is the first report showing an association between hyperglycemia, cardiovascular risk factors, and increased shedding of urinary ACE2 in diabetic Akita mice. Urinary ACE2 could be used as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and as an index of intrarenal ACE2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam S B Salem
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State Univ., 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435.
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Salem ESB, Grobe N, Elased KM. Insulin treatment attenuates renal ADAM17 and ACE2 shedding in diabetic Akita mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014. [PMID: 24452639 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is located in several tissues and is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules, where it degrades the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (ANG II) to ANG-(1-7). Accumulating evidence supports protective roles of ACE2 in several disease states, including diabetic nephropathy. A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 is involved in the shedding of several transmembrane proteins, including ACE2. Our previous studies showed increased renal ACE2, ADAM17 expression, and urinary ACE2 in type 2 diabetic mice (Chodavarapu H, Grobe N, Somineni HK, Salem ES, Madhu M, Elased KM. PLoS One 8: e62833, 2013). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of insulin on ACE2 shedding and ADAM17 in type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Results demonstrate increased renal ACE2 and ADAM17 expression and increased urinary ACE2 fragments (≈70 kDa) and albumin excretion in diabetic Akita mice. Immunostaining revealed colocalization of ACE2 with ADAM17 in renal tubules. Renal proximal tubular cells treated with ADAM17 inhibitor showed reduced ACE2 shedding into the media, confirming ADAM17-mediated shedding of ACE2. Treatment of Akita mice with insulin implants for 20 wk normalized hyperglycemia and decreased urinary ACE2 and albumin excretion. Insulin also normalized renal ACE2 and ADAM17 but had no effect on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) protein expression. There was a positive linear correlation between urinary ACE2 and albuminuria, blood glucose, plasma creatinine, glucagon, and triglycerides. This is the first report showing an association between hyperglycemia, cardiovascular risk factors, and increased shedding of urinary ACE2 in diabetic Akita mice. Urinary ACE2 could be used as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and as an index of intrarenal ACE2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam S B Salem
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State Univ., 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435.
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Wu H, Kong L, Zhou S, Cui W, Xu F, Luo M, Li X, Tan Y, Miao L. The role of microRNAs in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:920134. [PMID: 25258717 PMCID: PMC4165734 DOI: 10.1155/2014/920134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as one of the chronic complications of diabetes, is the major cause of end-stage renal disease. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. In recent years, research on microRNAs (miRNAs) has become a hotspot because of their critical role in regulating posttranscriptional levels of protein-coding genes that may serve as key pathogenic factors in diseases. Several miRNAs were found to participate in the pathogenesis of DN, while others showed renal protective effects. Therefore, targeting miRNAs that are involved in DN may have a good prospect in the treatment of the disease. The aim of this review is to summarize DN-related miRNAs and provide potential targets for diagnostic strategies and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications at Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiangqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications at Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- *Yi Tan: and
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- *Lining Miao:
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Fiorentino L, Cavalera M, Mavilio M, Conserva F, Menghini R, Gesualdo L, Federici M. Regulation of TIMP3 in diabetic nephropathy: a role for microRNAs. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:965-9. [PMID: 23797704 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries and contributes significantly to increased morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Morphologically, DN is characterized by tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangial expansion mainly due to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM turnover is regulated by metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) activities. In diabetic conditions, TIMP3 expression in kidney is strongly reduced, but the causes of this reduction are still unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate at least one of these mechanisms which relies on differential expression of TIMP3-targeting microRNAs (miRs) in a hyperglycemic environment either in vitro (MES13 cell line) or in vivo (mouse kidney and human biopsies). Among the TIMP3-targeting miRs, miR-21 and miR-221 were significantly upregulated in kidneys from diabetic mice compared to control littermates, and in a mesangial cell line grown in high glucose conditions. In human samples, only miR-21 expression was increased in kidney biopsies from diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. The expression of miR-217, which targets TIMP3 indirectly through downregulation of SirT1, was also increased in diabetic kidney and MES13 cell line. In agreement with these result, SirT1 expression was reduced in mouse and human diabetic kidneys as well as in MES13 mesangial cell line. TIMP3 deficiency has recently emerged as a hallmark of DN in mouse and human. In this study, we demonstrated that this reduction is due, at least in part, to increased expression of certain TIMP3-targeting miRs in diabetic kidneys compared to healthy controls. Unveiling the post-transcriptional mechanisms responsible for TIMP3 downregulation in hyperglycemic conditions may orient toward the use of this protein as a possible therapeutic target in DN.
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Chodavarapu H, Grobe N, Somineni HK, Salem ESB, Madhu M, Elased KM. Rosiglitazone treatment of type 2 diabetic db/db mice attenuates urinary albumin and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 excretion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62833. [PMID: 23646149 PMCID: PMC3639987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations within the renal renin angiotensin system play a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal disease. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed in renal tubules and has been shown to be renoprotective in diabetes. The protease, a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17, is involved in the ectodomain shedding of several transmembrane proteins including ACE2. Renal ACE2 and ADAM17 were significantly increased in db/db mice compared to controls. We investigated the effect of the insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone, on albuminuria, renal ADAM17 protein expression and ACE2 shedding in db/db diabetic mice. Rosiglitazone treatment of db/db mice normalized hyperglycemia, attenuated renal injury and decreased urinary ACE2 and renal ADAM17 protein expression. Urinary excreted ACE2 is enzymatically active. Western blot analysis of urinary ACE2 demonstrated two prominent immunoreactive bands at approximately 70 & 90 kDa. The predominant immunoreactive band is approximately 20 kDa shorter than the one demonstrated for kidney lysate, indicating possible ectodomain shedding of active renal ACE2 in the urine. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that renoprotection of rosiglitazone could be partially mediated via downregulation of renal ADAM17 and ACE2 shedding. In addition, there was a positive correlation between blood glucose, urinary albumin, plasma glucagon, and triglyceride levels with urinary ACE2 excretion. In conclusion, urinary ACE2 could be used as a sensitive biomarker of diabetic nephropathy and for monitoring the effectiveness of renoprotective medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Chodavarapu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nadja Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hari K. Somineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Esam S. B. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Malav Madhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Khalid M. Elased
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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