1
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Naimi H, Khazaei M, Sharifnia F, Sayyed-Hosseinian SH. Repurposing of Angiotensin-converting-enzyme Inhibitor on Prevention of Post-surgical Tendon Adhesion. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:859-867. [PMID: 38468533 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128284671240214080516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formation of adhesion bands is a frequent clinical complication after tendon injury or surgery with limited treatment options. This study investigates the repurposing of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) in attenuating post-operative tendon-sheath adhesion bands in an Achilles tendon rat model. METHODS Structural, mechanical, histological, and biochemical characteristics of the Achilles tendons were compared in the presence and absence of oral ACEI (enalapril) using the Achilles tendon adhesion (TA) model in rats. Inflammation and total fibrosis of tendon tissues were compared between groups using molecular investigations along with macroscopic and histological scoring methods. RESULTS ACEI significantly alleviated the severity, length, and density of Achilles TAs. Moreover, histopathological changes, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and inflammation were significantly decreased in post-operative tissue samples as quantified with the Moran scoring model. We showed that ACEI treatment elicits a potent anti-fibrotic effect on tendon tissue samples, as illustrated by decreasing the severity and extent of the formed fibrotic tissue and collagen accumulation at the site of surgery when scored either by Tang or Ishiyama grading systems. The H&E staining showed no histopathological changes or damage to the principal organs. CONCLUSION Our results showed that ACEI is a safe and effective therapeutic candidate with potent immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic features to alleviate surgery-induced development of fibrotic adhesive tissue. However, its efficacy needs to be further validated in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Naimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharifnia
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Simões E Silva AC, Oliveira EA, Cheung WW, Mak RH. Redox Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Cachexia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040945. [PMID: 37107320 PMCID: PMC10136196 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling alterations contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated cachexia. This review aims to summarize studies about redox pathophysiology in CKD-associated cachexia and muscle wasting and to discuss potential therapeutic approaches based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules to restore redox homeostasis. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems of antioxidant molecules have been studied in experimental models of kidney diseases and patients with CKD. Oxidative stress is increased by several factors present in CKD, including uremic toxins, inflammation, and metabolic and hormone alterations, leading to muscle wasting. Rehabilitative nutritional and physical exercises have shown beneficial effects for CKD-associated cachexia. Anti-inflammatory molecules have also been tested in experimental models of CKD. The importance of oxidative stress has been shown by experimental studies in which antioxidant therapies ameliorated CKD and its associated complications in the 5/6 nephrectomy model. Treatment of CKD-associated cachexia is a challenge and further studies are necessary to investigate potential therapies involving antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Wai W Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert H Mak
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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3
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Mohamadian M, Parsamanesh N, Chiti H, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4299-4324. [PMID: 36123613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a term used to describe phenomena connected to the dysfunction of various tissue damage due to reperfusion after ischemic injury. While I/R may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, there is still a long way to improve therapeutic outcomes. A number of cellular metabolic and ultrastructural alterations occur by prolonged ischemia. Ischemia increases the expression of proinflammatory gene products and bioactive substances within the endothelium, such as cytokines, leukocytes, and adhesion molecules, even as suppressing the expression of other "protective" gene products and substances, such as thrombomodulin and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (e.g., prostacyclin, nitric oxide [NO]). Curcumin is the primary phenolic pigment derived from turmeric, the powdered rhizome of Curcuma longa. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin has strong antiinflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. It also prevents lipid peroxidation and scavenges free radicals like superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, NO, and hydroxyl. In our study, we highlight the mechanisms of protective effects of curcumin against I/R injury in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mohamadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Transcription factor NRF2 as potential therapeutic target for preventing muscle wasting in aging chronic kidney disease patients. J Nephrol 2022; 35:2215-2225. [PMID: 36322291 PMCID: PMC9700608 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01484-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased muscle protein catabolism leading to muscle wasting is a prominent feature of the syndrome of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PEW and muscle wasting are induced by factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic acidosis that activate the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the main regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle degradation. Whether deficiency of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which regulates expression of antioxidant proteins protecting against oxidative damage triggered by inflammation, may exacerbate PEW has yet to be examined in aging patients with CKD. This review focuses on the hypothesis that NRF2 is involved in the maintenance of muscle mass and explores whether sustained activation of NRF2 by non-pharmacological interventions using nutraceutical activators to improve redox homeostasis could be a plausible strategy to prevent skeletal muscle disorders, including muscle wasting, sarcopenia and frailty associated with PEW in aging CKD patients.
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5
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Yousefi-Nodeh H, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Sadeghzadeh Oskouei B, Jafarilar-Aghdam N, Kazemi-Zanjani N, Pourzeinali S. Curcumin and vitamin E improve hot flashes, lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose without any detrimental effect on the liver and renal function in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Health Care Women Int 2022:1-23. [PMID: 36053717 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2022.2117815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of Curcumin and vitamin E on hot flashes, lipid profile, blood glucose, and hepatic & renal biomarkers. Eighty-four postmenopausal women were randomly assigned into three groups to receive one Curcumin 500 milligram, vitamin E 200 IU, or placebo capsules twice/daily/eight weeks. In comparison with placebo, vitamin E significantly decreased the number of hot flashes (P = 0.002), serum triglyceride (P < 0.001), and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.007), while it increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.005). Curcumin decreased significantly fasting blood glucose (P = 0.007), total cholesterol (P = 0.015), and triglyceride (P = 0.007) compared to placebo. We conclude that vitamin E reduced the incidence of hot flashes by nearly one-third of the base amount. It improved serum lipid profile and aspartate aminotransferase. Curcumin ameliorated fasting blood glucose and serum lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nayyer Jafarilar-Aghdam
- Safa Healthcare Center, Vice Chancellor for Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Kazemi-Zanjani
- General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourzeinali
- Amiralmomenin Hospital of Charoimagh, Vice Chancellor for Treatment, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Majeed M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Renoprotective Roles of Curcumin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:531-544. [PMID: 34981504 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of herb-based therapies is increasing over the past decades. These agents have been reported to provide many beneficial effects in many experimental and clinical studies. Curcumin is one of these agents which has potent pharmacological effects enabling it for the prevent and treatment of many diseases and pathologies such as renal disorders, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, the exact molecular mechanisms mediating these renoprotective effects of curcumin are not well established. So, in the current study, we surveyed for possible renoprotective roles of curcumin and concluded how curcumin protects against renal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mina Maleki
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Curcumin Supplementation (Meriva ®) Modulates Inflammation, Lipid Peroxidation and Gut Microbiota Composition in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010231. [PMID: 35011106 PMCID: PMC8747135 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) subjects suffer from high risk of cardiovascular mortality, and any intervention preventing the progression of CKD may have an enormous impact on public health. In the last decade, there has been growing awareness that the gut microbiota (GM) can play a pivotal role in controlling the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory state and CKD progression. To ameliorate the quality of life in CKD subjects, the use of dietary supplements has increased over time. Among those, curcumin has demonstrated significant in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. In this pilot study, 24 CKD patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. CKD patients followed nutritional counselling and were supplemented with curcumin (Meriva®) for six months. Different parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 3-6 months: uremic toxins, metagenomic of GM, and nutritional, inflammatory, and oxidative status. Curcumin significantly reduced plasma pro-inflammatory mediators (CCL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4) and lipid peroxidation. Regarding GM, after 6 months of curcumin supplementation, Escherichia-Shigella was significantly lower, while Lachnoclostridium was significant higher. Notably, at family level, Lactobacillaceae spp. were found significantly higher in the last 3 months of supplementation. No adverse events were observed in the supplemented group, confirming the good safety profile of curcumin phytosome after long-term administration.
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8
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Ma H, Zhang Q, Shi J, Gao Y, Sun C, Zhang W. Enalapril inhibits inflammatory osteolysis induced by wear debris in a mouse model. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520931612. [PMID: 32552231 PMCID: PMC7303775 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520931612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Aseptic loosening, the most frequent complication after total joint replacement, is
probably caused by an inflammatory response to the shedding of wear debris from the
implant. The only effective treatment is surgical revision. Using a mouse model, we
investigated whether enalapril inhibits wear debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis. Methods Titanium (Ti) alloy particles were introduced, and calvarial bone from syngeneic mice
was implanted into air pouches established in BALB/c mice. Histological and molecular
analyses were performed with inflammatory tissue samples obtained from mice treated with
and without enalapril. Results Enalapril inhibited tissue inflammation and inflammatory osteolysis induced by Ti
particles, reducing pouch membrane thickness and decreasing inflammatory cell
infiltration. In addition, enalapril inhibited the expression of the inflammatory
cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that enalapril inhibits Ti particle-induced inflammatory
osteolysis, and it may be a potentially useful treatment for aseptic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutong Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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9
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Kujawski K, Sacewicz-Hofman I, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Gluba-Brzózka A. Are Nutraceuticals Beneficial in Chronic Kidney Disease? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:231. [PMID: 33562154 PMCID: PMC7915977 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem in which prevalence is constantly rising. The pathophysiology of CKD is complicated and has not been fully resolved. However, elevated oxidative stress is considered to play a vital role in the development of this disease. CKD is also thought to be an inflammatory disorder in which uremic toxins participate in the development of the inflammatory milieu. A healthy, balanced diet supports the maintenance of a good health status as it helps to reduce the risk of the development of chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Numerous studies have demonstrated that functional molecules and nutrients, including fatty acids and fiber as well as nutraceuticals such as curcumin, steviol glycosides, and resveratrol not only exert beneficial effects on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways but also on gut mucosa. Nutraceuticals have attracted great interest recently due to their potential favorable physiological effects on the human body and their safety. This review presents some nutraceuticals in which consumption could exert a beneficial impact on the development and progression of renal disease as well cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.); (K.K.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.); (K.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kujawski
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.); (K.K.)
| | | | | | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.); (K.K.)
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10
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Wada Y, Kondo M, Sakairi K, Nagashima A, Tokita K, Tominaga H, Tomiyama H, Ishikawa T. Renoprotective Effects of a Novel Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 Inhibitor, AS3334034, in Uninephrectomized Adriamycin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:428-437. [PMID: 32561685 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal inflammation is a final common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its progression can be used to effectively gauge the degree of renal dysfunction. Inflammatory mechanisms contribute to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which are hallmarks of CKD leading to end-stage renal disease. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIP2) is largely committed to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain signaling as a direct effector and transmits nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production. In the present study, we hypothesized that if inflammation via RIP2 and NF-κB signaling plays an important role in renal failure, then the anti-inflammatory effect of RIP2 inhibitors should be effective in improving CKD. To determine its pharmacologic potency, we investigated the renoprotective properties of the novel RIP2 inhibitor AS3334034 [7-methoxy-6-(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)-N-(4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinolin-4-amine] in uninephrectomized adriamycin-induced CKD rats. Six weeks' repeated administration of AS3334034 (10 mg/kg, once daily) significantly reduced urinary protein excretion and prevented the development of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, AS3334034 showed beneficial effects on renal function, as demonstrated by a decrease in levels of plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and attenuation of a decline in creatinine clearance. Furthermore, AS3334034 significantly attenuated inflammation, renal apoptosis, and glomerular podocyte loss. These results suggest that the RIP2 inhibitor AS3334034 suppresses the progression of chronic renal failure via an anti-inflammatory effect and is therefore potentially useful in treating patients with CKD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIP2) inhibitor AS3334034 suppresses the progression of chronic renal failure via an anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-RIP2 axis might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory kidney diseases. AS3334034 is expected to be potentially useful in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Wada
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Kondo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Kumi Sakairi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Akira Nagashima
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Kenichi Tokita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Hiroaki Tominaga
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Hiroshi Tomiyama
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
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11
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Irazabal MV, Torres VE. Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061342. [PMID: 32481548 PMCID: PMC7349188 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a worldwide public health problem associated with serious complications and increased mortality rates. Accumulating evidence indicates that elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the pathogenesis of CKD. Increased intracellular levels of ROS can lead to oxidation of lipids, DNA, and proteins, contributing to cellular damage. On the other hand, ROS are also important secondary messengers in cellular signaling. Consequently, normal kidney cell function relies on the "right" amount of ROS. Mitochondria and NADPH oxidases represent major sources of ROS in the kidney, but renal antioxidant systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase counterbalance ROS-mediated injury. This review discusses the main sources of ROS and antioxidant systems in the kidney, and redox signaling pathways leading to inflammation and fibrosis, which result in abnormal kidney function and CKD progression. We further discuss the important role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating antioxidant responses, and other mechanisms of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Irazabal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(507)-293-6388; Fax: +1-(507)-266-9315
| | - Vicente E. Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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12
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Estrela GR, Wasinski F, Gregnani MF, Freitas-Lima LC, Arruda AC, Morais RL, Malheiros DM, Camara NOS, Pesquero JB, Bader M, Barros CC, Araújo RC. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Protects Against Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Kinin B1 Receptor Expression and Aminopeptidase P Activity in Mice. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:96. [PMID: 32528973 PMCID: PMC7257977 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent. However, its use is limited by nephrotoxicity. Enalapril is an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension, mainly through the reduction of angiotensin II formation, but also through the increase of kinins half-life. Kinin B1 receptor is associated with inflammation and migration of immune cells into the injured tissue. We have previously shown that the deletion or blockage of kinin B1 and B2 receptors can attenuate cisplatin nephrotoxicity. In this study, we tested enalapril treatment as a tool to prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: control group; cisplatin (20 mg/kg i.p) group; and enalapril (1.5 mg;kg i.p) + cisplatin group. The animals were treated with a single dose of cisplatin and euthanized after 96 h. Enalapril was able to attenuate cisplatin-induced increase in creatinine and urea, and to reduce tubular injury and upregulation of apoptosis-related genes, as well as inflammatory cytokines in circulation and kidney. The upregulation of B1 receptor was blocked in enalapril + cisplatin group. Carboxypeptidase M expression, which generates B1 receptor agonists, is blunted by cisplatin + enalapril treatment. The activity of aminopeptidase P, a secondary key enzyme able to degrade kinins, is restored by enalapril treatment. These findings were confirmed in mouse renal epithelial tubular cells, in which enalaprilat (5 μM) was capable of decreasing tubular injury and inflammatory markers. We treated mouse renal epithelial tubular cells with cisplatin (100 μM), cisplatin+enalaprilat and cisplatin+enalaprilat+apstatin (10 μM). The results showed that cisplatin alone decreases cell viability, cisplatin plus enalaprilat is able to restore cell viability, and cisplatin plus enalaprilat and apstatin decreases cell viability. In the present study, we demonstrated that enalapril prevents cisplatin nephrotoxicity mainly by preventing the upregulation of B1 receptor and carboxypeptidase M and the increased concentrations of kinin peptides through aminopeptidase activity restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Estrela
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, Disciplina de Hematologia e Hematoterapia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos F Gregnani
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano C Arruda
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Leite Morais
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels O S Camara
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Castilho Barros
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araújo
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Gonzalez A, Krieg R, Massey HD, Carl D, Ghosh S, Gehr TWB, Ghosh SS. Sodium butyrate ameliorates insulin resistance and renal failure in CKD rats by modulating intestinal permeability and mucin expression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:783-794. [PMID: 30085297 PMCID: PMC6503301 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The associated increase in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has shifted the way we focus on intestinal microbiota. This study shows that a disruption of the intestinal barrier in CKD promotes leakage of LPS from the gut, subsequently decreasing insulin sensitivity. Butyrate treatment improved the intestinal barrier function by increasing colonic mucin and tight junction (TJ) proteins. This modulation further ameliorated metabolic functions such as insulin intolerance and improved renal function. Methods Renal failure was induced by 5/6th nephrectomy (Nx) in rats. A group of Nx and control rats received sodium butyrate in drinking water. The Nx groups were compared with sham-operated controls. Results The Nx rats had significant increases in serum creatinine, urea and proteinuria. These animals had impaired glucose and insulin tolerance and increased gluconeogenesis, which corresponded with decreased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. The Nx animals suffered significant loss of intestinal TJ proteins, colonic mucin and mucin 2 protein. This was associated with a significant increase in circulating LPS, suggesting a leaky gut phenomenon. 5′adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, known to modulate epithelial TJs and glucose metabolism, was significantly reduced in the intestine of the Nx group. Anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10, anti-bacterial peptide and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide were also lowered in the Nx cohort. Butyrate treatment increased AMPK phosphorylation, improved renal function and controlled hyperglycemia. Conclusions Butyrate improves AMPK phosphorylation, increases GLP-1 secretion and promotes colonic mucin and TJ proteins, which strengthen the gut wall. This decreases LPS leakage and inflammation. Taken together, butyrate improves metabolic parameters such as insulin resistance and markers of renal failure in CKD animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gonzalez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Richard Krieg
- Department of Anatomy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hugh D Massey
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Carl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Siddhartha S Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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14
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Ghelani H, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Chang D, Nammi S. Chronic treatment of curcumin improves hepatic lipid metabolism and alleviates the renal damage in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:431. [PMID: 31752737 PMCID: PMC6873446 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome, is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The literature indicates that CKD is associated with profound lipid disorders due to the dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism which progresses kidney disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin on dyslipidaemia associated with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats. Methods Male SD rats (n = 29) were divided into 5 groups for 24 days: normal control (n = 5, normal diet), CKD control (n = 6, 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), CUR 50 (n = 6, 50 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), CUR 100 (n = 6, 100 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), and CUR 150 (n = 6, 150 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet). The serum and tissue lipid profile, as well as the kidney function test, were measured using commercial diagnostic kits. Results The marked rise in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in serum, as well as hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids of CKD control rats were significantly protected by curcumin co-treatment (at the dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Furthermore, curcumin significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared to the CKD control rats but did not attenuate the CKD-induced weight retardation. Mathematical computational analysis revealed that curcumin significantly reduced indicators for the risk of atherosclerotic lesions (atherogenic index) and coronary atherogenesis (coronary risk index). In addition, curcumin improved kidney function as shown by the reduction in proteinuria and improvement in creatinine clearance. Conclusion The results provide new scientific evidence for the use of curcumin in CKD-associated dyslipidaemia and substantiates the traditional use of curcumin in preventing kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Ghelani
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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15
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Abdel-Magied N, Elkady AA. Possible curative role of curcumin and silymarin against nephrotoxicity induced by gamma-rays in rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 111:104299. [PMID: 31442446 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) and silymarin (SLM) are powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds with beneficial protective effects against renal diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CUR and SLM alone or in combination on radiation (IR) induced kidney injury. The results showed that CUR and SLM alone or in combination attenuated the oxidative stress denoted by a reduction in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) along with a marked increase of glutathione GSH content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Additionally, a significant decrease in the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, Cystatin-C (CYT-C), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (N-GAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (Kim-1) was recorded. Moreover, the treatment resulted in a remarkable decline in the serum levels of interleukin-18(IL-18), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP), BCL2 associated X protein (Bax), Factor-related Apoptosis (FAS) and the activity of Caspase-3 associated by an increase of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) level. The results were confirmed with the histopathological examination. Kidney of irradiated showed glomerular atrophy, massive necrotic changes of expanded tubules with hyaline cast inside some tubules and apoptotic changes were recorded in some renal tubules. While irradiated rats treated with CUR and SLM exhibited marked preservation of the cellular structure of their kidney tissue. In conclusion, the combination of CUR and SLM could be more potent than a single agent on the biochemical and histological changes of the irradiated rat renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Abdel-Magied
- Radiation Biology Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Elkady
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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16
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Roth JD, Veidal SS, Fensholdt LKD, Rigbolt KTG, Papazyan R, Nielsen JC, Feigh M, Vrang N, Young M, Jelsing J, Adorini L, Hansen HH. Combined obeticholic acid and elafibranor treatment promotes additive liver histological improvements in a diet-induced ob/ob mouse model of biopsy-confirmed NASH. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9046. [PMID: 31227742 PMCID: PMC6588626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obeticholic acid (OCA) and elafibranor (ELA) are selective and potent agonists for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ (PPAR-α/δ), respectively. Both agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The present study used OCA and ELA to compare the effects of mono- and combination therapies on metabolic and histological endpoints in Lepob/ob mice with established diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed NASH (ob/ob-NASH). ob/ob-NASH mice were fed the AMLN diet high in trans-fat, fructose and cholesterol for 15 weeks, whereafter they received vehicle, OCA (30 mg/kg, PO, QD), ELA (3, 10 mg/kg, PO, QD), or combinations (OCA + ELA) for eight weeks. Within-subject comparisons were performed on histomorphometric changes, including fractional area of liver fat, galectin-3 and Col1a1. OCA and ELA monotherapies improved all quantitative histopathological parameters and OCA + ELA combinations exerted additive effects on metabolic and histological endpoints. In agreement with their different molecular mechanisms of action, OCA and ELA monotherapies elicited distinct hepatic gene expression profiles and their combination led to profound transcriptome changes associated with further improvements in lipid handling and insulin signaling, suppression of immune responses and reduced extracellular matrix formation. In conclusion, these findings provide preclinical proof-of-concept for combined FXR and PPAR-α/δ agonist-based therapies in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Young
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
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17
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Guerrero-Hue M, García-Caballero C, Palomino-Antolín A, Rubio-Navarro A, Vázquez-Carballo C, Herencia C, Martín-Sanchez D, Farré-Alins V, Egea J, Cannata P, Praga M, Ortiz A, Egido J, Sanz AB, Moreno JA. Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death. FASEB J 2019; 33:8961-8975. [PMID: 31034781 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900077r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a common complication of rhabdomyolysis. A better understanding of this syndrome may be useful to identify novel therapeutic targets because there is no specific treatment so far. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death that is involved in renal injury. In this study, we investigated whether ferroptosis is associated with rhabdomyolysis-mediated renal damage, and we studied the therapeutic effect of curcumin, a powerful antioxidant with renoprotective properties. Induction of rhabdomyolysis in mice increased serum creatinine levels, endothelial damage, inflammatory chemokines, and cytokine expression, alteration of redox balance (increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defenses), and tubular cell death. Treatment with curcumin initiated before or after rhabdomyolysis induction ameliorated all these pathologic and molecular alterations. Although apoptosis or receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3-mediated necroptosis were activated in rhabdomyolysis, our results suggest a key role of ferroptosis. Thus, treatment with ferrostatin 1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, improved renal function in glycerol-injected mice, whereas no beneficial effects were observed with the pan-caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-(O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone or in RIPK3-deficient mice. In cultured renal tubular cells, myoglobin (Mb) induced ferroptosis-sensitive cell death that was also inhibited by curcumin. Mechanistic in vitro studies showed that curcumin reduced Mb-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB axis and activating the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase 1. Our findings are the first to demonstrate the involvement of ferroptosis in rhabdomyolysis-associated renal damage and its sensitivity to curcumin treatment. Therefore, curcumin may be a potential therapeutic approach for patients with this syndrome.-Guerrero-Hue, M., García-Caballero, C., Palomino-Antolín, A., Rubio-Navarro, A., Vázquez-Carballo, C., Herencia, C., Martín-Sanchez, D., Farré-Alins, V., Egea, J., Cannata, P., Praga, M., Ortiz, A., Egido, J., Sanz, A. B., Moreno, J. A. Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Guerrero-Hue
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Caballero
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Palomino-Antolín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departament of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medicine Faculty, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Rubio-Navarro
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vázquez-Carballo
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herencia
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Martín-Sanchez
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Farré-Alins
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departament of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medicine Faculty, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departament of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medicine Faculty, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cannata
- Pathology Department, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Praga
- Department of Nephrology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain.,Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Renal, Vascular, and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Weir MA, Walsh M, Cuerden MS, Sontrop JM, Chambers LC, Garg AX. Micro-Particle Curcumin for the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-1: Study Protocol for a Multicenter Clinical Trial. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2018; 5:2054358118813088. [PMID: 30619615 PMCID: PMC6299333 DOI: 10.1177/2054358118813088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the most important complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with ESRD require dialysis or transplantation to survive, incur numerous complications, and have high mortality rates. Slowing the progression of CKD is an important goal. Unfortunately, even when current treatments are appropriately applied, patients with CKD still progress to ESRD. Current treatments do not address the inflammation and fibrosis that mediate progression to ESRD, but micro-particle curcumin, a natural health product, has both anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties and may be an effective treatment for patients with CKD. Objective Micro-particle curcumin for the treatment of CKD-1 (MPAC-CKD-1) will measure the effect of micro-particle curcumin on 2 important markers of CKD progression: albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Efficacy in either of these markers will justify a larger, international trial to investigate micro-particle curcumin's ability to lower the risk of ESRD in patients with CKD. Design MPAC-CKD-1 is a multicenter, double-blind prospective randomized controlled trial. Setting Four kidney disease clinics in Ontario, Canada (3 in London and 1 in Hamilton). Patients We will enroll patients with CKD, defined by an eGFR between 15 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and a daily albumin excretion of more than 300 mg (or a random urine sample albumin-to-creatinine ratio more than 30 mg/mmol). Measurements We will measure changes in the co-primary outcomes of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR at 3 months and 6 months. We will also measure compliance, safety parameters, and changes in health-related quality of life. Methods Participants will be randomly assigned to receive micro-particle curcumin 90 mg once daily or matching placebo for 6 months. We will enroll at least 500 patients to exclude clinically meaningful 6-month changes in these 2 co-primary outcomes (16% difference in albuminuria, and a 2.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 between-group difference in the 6-month change in eGFR, at a two-tailed alpha of 0.025, power of 0.80). Results Patient enrollment began on October 1, 2015, with 414 participants randomized as of July 2018. We expect to report the results in 2020. Limitations MPAC-CKD-1 is not powered to assess outcomes such as the need for renal replacement therapy or death. Conclusions MPAC-CKD-1 is a multicenter, double-blind prospective randomized controlled trial designed to test whether micro-particle curcumin reduces albuminuria and slows eGFR decline in patients with albuminuric CKD. MPAC-CKD-1 will also test the feasibility of this intervention and inform the need for a future larger scale trial (MPAC-CKD-2). Trial registration MPAC-CKD-1 is registered with U.S. National Institutes of Health at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02369549). Protocol version 2.0, December 6, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Weir
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Walsh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meaghan S Cuerden
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica M Sontrop
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laura C Chambers
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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19
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Diwan V, Brown L, Gobe GC. Adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:5-11. [PMID: 29030945 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many animal models have been developed to study the causes and treatments of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans, an insidious disease resulting from kidney injury and characterized by persistent functional decline for more than 3 months, with or without evidence of structural deficit. The eventual outcome of CKD may be end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), where patients need dialysis or transplantation to survive. Cardiovascular disease is accelerated in patients with CKD and contributes to increased mortality, with the relationship between CKD and cardiovascular disease being bi-directional. Most animal models do not mimic the complexity of the human disease as many do not develop CKD-associated cardiovascular disease. The adenine diet model of CKD in rodents is an exception. The original adenine diet model produced rapid-onset kidney disease with extensive tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, crystal formation and marked vessel calcification. Since then, lower adenine intake in rats has been found to induce slowly progressive kidney damage and cardiovascular disease. These chronic adenine diet models allow the characterization of relatively stable kidney and cardiovascular disease, similar to CKD in humans. In addition, interventions for reversal can be tested. Here the key features of the adenine diet model of CKD are noted, along with some limitations of other available models. In summary, the data presented here support the use of chronic low-dose adenine diet in rats as an easy and effective model for understanding human CKD, especially the links with cardiovascular disease, and developing potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Diwan
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Chronic Disease, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Lau WL, Khazaeli M, Savoj J, Manekia K, Bangash M, Thakurta RG, Dang A, Vaziri ND, Singh B. Dietary tetrahydrocurcumin reduces renal fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00385. [PMID: 29468071 PMCID: PMC5817151 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is the principal metabolite of curcumin and has antioxidant properties. In the present investigation, the effect of THC on renal and cardiovascular outcomes was studied in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD rats were randomized following 5/6 nephrectomy to a special diet for 9 weeks which contained 1% THC (CKD+THC group). Low-dose polyenylphosphatidylcholine was used as a lipid carrier to increase bioavailability. Endpoints included tail blood pressure, normalized heart weight, plasma and urine biochemical data, and kidney tissue analyses. CKD animals demonstrated increased proteinuria, decreased creatinine clearance, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. The antioxidant proteins CuZn SOD and glutathione peroxidase were decreased in the remnant kidney, while apoptosis (caspase-3) and fibrosis (alpha-SM actin) were increased. Renal fibrosis was confirmed histologically on trichrome staining. These pathologic changes were ameliorated in the CKD+THC group with significant decrease in proteinuria, hypertension, and kidney fibrosis. THC therapy restored levels of CuZn SOD and glutathione peroxidase. Consistent with prior reports, dietary THC did not improve nuclear Nrf2 levels. In summary, dietary THC therapy improved expression of antioxidant proteins in the remnant kidney, decreased renal fibrosis and proteinuria, and ameliorated hypertension in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Mahyar Khazaeli
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Javad Savoj
- Department of Internal MedicineRiverside Community HospitalUniversity of California‐Riverside School of MedicineRiversideCA
| | - Kasim Manekia
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Maria Bangash
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | | | - Anhthu Dang
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Nosratola D. Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
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21
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Ghosh SS, He H, Wang J, Gehr TW, Ghosh S. Curcumin-mediated regulation of intestinal barrier function: The mechanism underlying its beneficial effects. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:e1425085. [PMID: 29420166 PMCID: PMC5823546 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1425085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative properties established largely by in vitro studies. Accordingly, oral administration of curcumin beneficially modulates many diseases including diabetes, fatty-liver disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer and neurological disorders such as depression, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. However, limited bioavailability and inability to detect curcumin in circulation or target tissues has hindered the validation of a causal role. We established curcumin-mediated decrease in the release of gut bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into circulation by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier function as the mechanism underlying the attenuation of metabolic diseases (diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney disease) by curcumin supplementation precluding the need for curcumin absorption. In view of the causative role of circulating LPS and resulting chronic inflammation in the development of diseases listed above, this review summarizes the mechanism by which curcumin affects the several layers of the intestinal barrier and, despite negligible absorption, can beneficially modulate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha S. Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Todd W. Gehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
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Chung JM, Park BK, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Lee SD. Impact of repeated extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on prepubertal rat kidney. Urolithiasis 2017; 46:549-558. [PMID: 29119224 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-1011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on the kidneys of prepubertal and adult rats. Thirty rats were used: 15 were prepubertal (3 weeks of age) with an average body weight of 72.3 ± 3.3 g, and 15 were adults with of 265 ± 11.3 g. The prepubertal and adult rats were separately and randomly allocated to three groups, each consisting of five rats. Following anesthetization, the left kidney of each rat in each group received shock waves in one, two, or three sessions separated by 72 h. The rats in each group were killed 72 h after the last ESWL session, and both kidneys were harvested; the right kidney was used as the control. Renal injury was examined with histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot to detecting the expression of heat-shock protein-70, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as markers of renal damage. All of these markers were similarly increased with increased ESWL sessions in both age groups. Histological analysis revealed more serious fibrosis and inflammation in the ESWL-treated kidneys in both groups than in the controls, with the damage increasing with increasing numbers of sessions. ESWL on the kidney increased renal damage according to the number of sessions in both age groups of rats, and the effects of ESWL on renal injury were similar in the two groups. However, there were generally no significant differences in the effects of ESWL on molecular indicators of renal injury between prepubertal and adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Chung
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bu Kyung Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Don Lee
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
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Recent Advances of Curcumin in the Prevention and Treatment of Renal Fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2418671. [PMID: 28546962 PMCID: PMC5435901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2418671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from the turmeric, has received attention as a potential treatment for renal fibrosis primarily because it is a relatively safe and inexpensive compound that contributes to kidney health. Here, we review the literatures on the applications of curcumin in resolving renal fibrosis in animal models and summarize the mechanisms of curcumin and its analogs (C66 and (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(2-bromophenyl) penta-1,4-dien-3-one(B06)) in preventing inflammatory molecules release and reducing the deposition of extracellular matrix at the priming and activation stage of renal fibrosis in animal models by consulting PubMed and Cnki databases over the past 15 years. Curcumin exerts antifibrotic effect through reducing inflammation related factors (MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and cav-1) and inducing the expression of anti-inflammation factors (HO-1, M6PRBP1, and NEDD4) as well as targeting TGF-β/Smads, MAPK/ERK, and PPAR-γ pathways in animal models. As a food derived compound, curcumin is becoming a promising drug candidate for improving renal health.
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The effect of swimming exercise on adenine-induced kidney disease in rats, and the influence of curcumin or lisinopril thereon. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176316. [PMID: 28445490 PMCID: PMC5405968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported to benefit from different types of exercises. It has also been shown that the ACE inhibitor lisinopril, and the natural product curcumin are also beneficial in different models of CKD in rats. We assessed the influence of moderate swimming exercise (SE) on rats with adenine-induced CKD, and tested the possible effects of lisinopril and/or curcumin thereon using several physiological, biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters. Rats (either sedentary or subjected to SE) were randomly divided into several groups, and given for five weeks either normal food or food mixed with adenine (0.25% w/w) to induce CKD. Some of these groups were also concomitantly treated orally with curcumin (75 mg/kg), or lisinopril (10 mg/kg) and were subjected to moderate SE (45 min/day three days each week). Rats fed adenine showed the typical biochemical, histopathological signs of CKD such as elevations in blood pressure, urinary albumin / creatinine ratio, and plasma urea, creatinine, indoxyl sulfate and phosphorus. SE, curcumin or lisinopril, given singly, significantly ameliorated all the adenine-induced actions. Administering curcumin or lisinopril with SE improved the histopathology of the kidneys, a salutary effect not seen with SE alone. Combining SE to the nephroprotective agents' curcumin or lisinopril might offer additional nephroprotection.
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Baracho NCDV, Kangussu LM, Prestes TRR, Silveira KDD, Pereira RM, Rocha NP, Silva ACSE. Characterization of an experimental model of progressive renal disease in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:744-752. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160110000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Kaur A, Kaur T, Singh B, Pathak D, Singh Buttar H, Pal Singh A. Curcumin alleviates ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through NMDA receptor antagonism in rats. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1462-1467. [PMID: 27484883 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1214892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in curcumin-mediated renoprotection against ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. METHODS Rats were subjected to bilateral renal I/R (40 min I, 24 hours R) to induce AKI. Kidney injury was assessed by measuring creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, plasma uric acid, potassium level, fractional excretion of sodium, and macroproteinuria. Oxidative stress in renal tissues was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation, and reduced glutathione content. Hematoxylin & eosin staining was done to assess histological changes in renal tissues. Curcumin (30 and 60 mg/kg) was administered one hour before subjecting rats to AKI. In separate groups, NMDA receptor agonists, glutamic acid (200 mg/kg), and spermidine (20 mg/kg) were administered prior to curcumin treatment in rats followed by AKI. RESULTS I/R-induced AKI was demonstrated by significant change in plasma and urine parameters along with marked increase in oxidative stress and histological changes in renal tissues that were aggravated with pretreatment of glutamic acid and spermidine in rats. Administration of curcumin resulted in significant protection against AKI. However, glutamic acid and spermidine pretreatments prevented curcumin-mediated renoprotection. CONCLUSION It is concluded that NMDA receptor antagonism significantly contributes towards curcumin-mediated protection against I/R-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Kaur
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India
| | - Tajpreet Kaur
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.,b Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy , Amritsar , Punjab , India
| | - Balbir Singh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India
| | - Devendra Pathak
- c Department of Veterinary Anatomy , Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Ludhiana , Punjab , India
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.,d Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India
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Granata S, Dalla Gassa A, Tomei P, Lupo A, Zaza G. Mitochondria: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:49. [PMID: 26612997 PMCID: PMC4660721 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron "leakage" from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of cells and tissues. To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional therapies could be employed. However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects. Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess their overall efficacy or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Alessandra Dalla Gassa
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Paola Tomei
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
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Ghosh SS, Righi S, Krieg R, Kang L, Carl D, Wang J, Massey HD, Sica DA, Gehr TWB, Ghosh S. High Fat High Cholesterol Diet (Western Diet) Aggravates Atherosclerosis, Hyperglycemia and Renal Failure in Nephrectomized LDL Receptor Knockout Mice: Role of Intestine Derived Lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141109. [PMID: 26580567 PMCID: PMC4651339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A high fat meal, frequently known as western diet (WD), exacerbates atherosclerosis and diabetes. Both these diseases are frequently associated with renal failure. Recent studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leaks into the circulation from the intestine in the setting of renal failure and after WD. However, it is not clear how renal function and associated disorders are affected by LPS. This study demonstrates that circulatory LPS exacerbates renal insufficiency, atherosclerosis and glucose intolerance. Renal insufficiency was induced by 2/3 nephrectomy in LDL receptor knockout mice. Nx animals were given normal diet (Nx) or WD (Nx+WD). The controls were sham operated animals on normal diet (control) and WD (WD). To verify if LPS plays a role in exaggerating renal insufficiency, polymyxin (PM), a known LPS antagonist, and curcumin (CU), a compound known to ameliorate chronic kidney disease (CKD), was given to Nx animals on western diet (Nx+WD+PM and Nx+WD+CU, respectively). Compared to control, all other groups displayed increased circulatory LPS. The Nx+WD cohort had the highest levels of LPS. Nx group had significant renal insufficiency and glucose intolerance but not atherosclerosis. WD had intense atherosclerosis and glucose intolerance but it did not show signs of renal insufficiency. Compared to other groups, Nx+WD had significantly higher cytokine expression, macrophage infiltration in the kidney, renal insufficiency, glucose intolerance and atherosclerosis. PM treatment blunted the expression of cytokines, deterioration of renal function and associated disorders, albeit not to the levels of Nx, and was significantly inferior to CU. PM is a non-absorbable antibiotic with LPS binding properties, hence its beneficial effect can only be due to its effect within the GI tract. We conclude that LPS may not cause renal insufficiency but can exaggerate kidney failure and associated disorders following renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha S. Ghosh
- Divisions of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Samuel Righi
- Divisions of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Richard Krieg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Carl
- Divisions of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - H. Davis Massey
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Domenic A. Sica
- Divisions of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Todd W. B. Gehr
- Divisions of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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Fumonisin B1 induces autophagic cell death via activation of ERN1-MAPK8/9/10 pathway in monkey kidney MARC-145 cells. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:985-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li X, Long Q, Cheng X, He D. Shock wave induces biological renal damage by activating excessive inflammatory responses in rat model. Inflammation 2015; 37:1317-25. [PMID: 24590377 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of inflammatory renal damage induced by shock wave. A total of 48 rats, with the right kidney cut, are randomly assigned into control group, ESWL group and ESWL + PDTC group. Rats were treated with shock wave at the left kidney. At post-shock wave 3 and 105 days, all the animals were sacrificed for detecting the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. The inflammatory responses were evaluated by detecting the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ED-1. The histological renal injury was also examined. Before the animals were sacrificed, the urine samples were collected for measuring the values of malondialdehyde (MDA), β2-microglobulin, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18. At post-shock wave 3 days, the higher expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α were observed in shock wave-treated kidneys. The level of urine TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 were also increased significantly. Using PDTC obviously decreased the expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α. It also effectively inhibited the degree of oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration. At post-shock wave 105 days, the expression of MCP-1 and the level of urine β2-microglobulin and IL-18 were increased significantly. The histological analysis also indicated more ED-1-positive cells and serious fibrosis in shock wave-treated kidneys. PDTC significantly suppressed MCP-1 and IL-18 expression, decreased monocyte infiltration, and alleviate the degree of interstitium fibrosis. Shock wave triggered excessive inflammatory responses and aggravated renal biological damage. Several inflammatory factors including ICAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-α were considered to play important role in this type of renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
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Teles F, da Silva TM, da Cruz Júnior FP, Honorato VH, de Oliveira Costa H, Barbosa APF, de Oliveira SG, Porfírio Z, Libório AB, Borges RL, Fanelli C. Brazilian red propolis attenuates hypertension and renal damage in 5/6 renal ablation model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116535. [PMID: 25607548 PMCID: PMC4301812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic role of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known. Anti-inflammatories and antioxidant drugs has demonstrated significant renoprotection in experimental nephropathies. Moreover, the inclusion of natural antioxidants derived from food and herbal extracts (such as polyphenols, curcumin and lycopene) as an adjuvant therapy for slowing CKD progression has been largely tested. Brazilian propolis is a honeybee product, whose anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects have been widely shown in models of sepsis, cancer, skin irritation and liver fibrosis. Furthermore, previous studies demonstrated that this compound promotes vasodilation and reduces hypertension. However, potential renoprotective effects of propolis in CKD have never been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a subtype of Brazilian propolis, the Red Propolis (RP), in the 5/6 renal ablation model (Nx). Adult male Wistar rats underwent Nx and were divided into untreated (Nx) and RP-treated (Nx+RP) groups, after 30 days of surgery; when rats already exhibited marked hypertension and proteinuria. Animals were observed for 90 days from the surgery day, when Nx+RP group showed significant reduction of hypertension, proteinuria, serum creatinine retention, glomerulosclerosis, renal macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress, compared to age-matched untreated Nx rats, which worsened progressively over time. In conclusion, RP treatment attenuated hypertension and structural renal damage in Nx model. Reduction of renal inflammation and oxidative stress could be a plausible mechanism to explain this renoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Teles
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Health Sciences, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Tarcilo Machado da Silva
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Health Sciences, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Hugo Honorato
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Health Sciences, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Henrique de Oliveira Costa
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Health Sciences, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes Barbosa
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Health Sciences, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Gomes de Oliveira
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Health Sciences, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Zenaldo Porfírio
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Health Sciences, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Lerner Borges
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, United States of America
| | - Camilla Fanelli
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Curcumin and chronic kidney disease (CKD): major mode of action through stimulating endogenous intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Molecules 2014; 19:20139-56. [PMID: 25474287 PMCID: PMC6271001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, an active ingredient in the traditional herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), has significant anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), an inflammatory disease, can lead to end stage renal disease resulting in dialysis and transplant. Furthermore, it is frequently associated with other inflammatory disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. This review will focus on the clinically relevant inflammatory molecules that play a role in CKD and associated diseases. Various enzymes, transcription factors, growth factors modulate production and action of inflammatory molecules; curcumin can blunt the generation and action of these inflammatory molecules and ameliorate CKD as well as associated inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have shown that increased intestinal permeability results in the leakage of pro-inflammatory molecules (cytokines and lipopolysaccharides) from gut into the circulation in diseases such as CKD, diabetes and atherosclerosis. This change in intestinal permeability is due to decreased expression of tight junction proteins and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). Curcumin increases the expression of IAP and tight junction proteins and corrects gut permeability. This action reduces the levels of circulatory inflammatory biomolecules. This effect of curcumin on intestine can explain why, despite poor bioavailability, curcumin has potential anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and beneficial effects on CKD.
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Shiraishi T, Tamura Y, Taniguchi K, Higaki M, Ueda S, Shima T, Nagura M, Nakagawa T, Johnson RJ, Uchida S. Combination of ACE inhibitor with nicorandil provides further protection in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1313-22. [PMID: 25320353 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00521.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An inhibition in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the most widely used therapies to treat chronic kidney disease. However, its effect is occasionally not sufficient and additional treatments may be required. Recently, we reported that nicorandil exhibited renoprotective effects in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Here we examined if nicorandil can provide an additive protection on enalapril in chronic kidney disease. Single treatment with either enalapril or nicorandil significantly ameliorated glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in the rat remnant kidney while the combination of these two compounds provided additive effects. In addition, an increase in oxidative stress in remnant kidney was also blocked by either enalapril or nicorandil while the combination of the drugs was more potent. A mechanism was likely due for nicorandil to preventing manganase superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and sirtuin (Sirt)3 from being reduced in injured kidneys. A study with cultured podocytes indicated that the antioxidative effect could be mediated through sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) in the mitochondrial KATP channel since blocking SUR with glibenclamide reduced MnSOD and Sirt3 expression in podocytes. In conclusion, nicorandil may synergize with enalapril to provide superior protection in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shiraishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifuru Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Taniguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Higaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michito Nagura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- TMK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shunya Uchida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;
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Huang YR, Wei QX, Wan YG, Sun W, Mao ZM, Chen HL, Meng XJ, Shi XM, Tu Y, Zhu Q. Ureic clearance granule, alleviates renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation in renal failure rats, compared with enalapril. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1541-1552. [PMID: 25087615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal compound prescription has a unique therapeutic action on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. In clinics, Uremic Clearance Granules (UCG), a compounded Chinese patent medicine, has been frequently used to treat chronic renal failure (CRF) patients for nearly 30 years, however, the deep therapeutic mechanisms involved in vivo remain a challenge. This study aims to demonstrate the effects and mechanisms of UCG on renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1/Smad signaling activity in vivo, compared with enalapril. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, a sham-operated group (Sham group), a vehicle-intervened group (Vehicle group), a UCG-treated group (UCG group) (5g/kg/day) and an enalapril-treated group (Enalapril group) (20mg/kg/day). The rats with renal failure were induced by adenine (150 mg/kg/day) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and killed on day 35 after the administration. Proteinuria, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG), blood biochemical parameters, renal morphological changes, collagen type IV (CIV), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, as well as the key molecular protein expressions in TGF-beta1/Smad signaling pathway were observed, respectively. RESULTS Adenine administration and UUO induced severe renal damages, as indicated by renal dysfunction, proteinuria and the marked histopathological injuries in the tubules and interstitium, which were associated with MMP-2/TIMP-1 imbalance and TGF-beta1/Smad signaling activity, as shown by up-regulation of the protein expressions of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptor type I (RI), TGF-beta receptor type II (RII), Smad2/3, phosphorylated-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Smad4, as well as down-regulation of the protein expression of Smad7 in the kidney. UCG treatment, however, significantly not only attenuated renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but also improved the protein expressions of MMP-2, TIMP-1, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta RI, p-Smad2/3, Smad4 and Smad7 in the kidney. Besides, the effects of UCG were stronger than those of enalapril partly. CONCLUSION UCG similar to enalapril, is renoprotective via ameliorating renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the renal failure model. The potential mechanisms by which UCG exerts its therapeutical effects in vivo are through promoting ECM degradation and regulating MMP-2/TIMP-1 balance or signaling molecular activity in TGF-beta1/Smad pathway in the kidney. These findings suggest that UCG treatment is undoubtedly useful in preventing the progression of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Huang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Qing-Xue Wei
- Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, China
| | - Yi-Gang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Mao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Hao-Li Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Xian-Jie Meng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Xi-Miao Shi
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Guangzhou Consun Drug Research Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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Ghosh SS, Bie J, Wang J, Ghosh S. Oral supplementation with non-absorbable antibiotics or curcumin attenuates western diet-induced atherosclerosis and glucose intolerance in LDLR-/- mice--role of intestinal permeability and macrophage activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108577. [PMID: 25251395 PMCID: PMC4177397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Association between circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and metabolic diseases (such as Type 2 Diabetes and atherosclerosis) has shifted the focus from Western diet-induced changes in gut microbiota per se to release of gut bacteria-derived products into circulation as the possible mechanism for the chronic inflammatory state underlying the development of these diseases. Under physiological conditions, an intact intestinal barrier prevents this release of LPS underscoring the importance of examining and modulating the direct effects of Western diet on intestinal barrier function. In the present study we evaluated two strategies, namely selective gut decontamination and supplementation with oral curcumin, to modulate Western-diet (WD) induced changes in intestinal barrier function and subsequent development of glucose intolerance and atherosclerosis. LDLR−/− mice were fed WD for 16 weeks and either received non-absorbable antibiotics (Neomycin and polymyxin) in drinking water for selective gut decontamination or gavaged daily with curcumin. WD significantly increased intestinal permeability as assessed by in vivo translocation of FITC-dextran and plasma LPS levels. Selective gut decontamination and supplementation with curcumin significantly attenuated the WD-induced increase in plasma LPS levels (3.32 vs 1.90 or 1.51 EU/ml, respectively) and improved intestinal barrier function at multiple levels (restoring intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and Claudin-1). Consequently, both these interventions significantly reduced WD-induced glucose intolerance and atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice. Activation of macrophages by low levels of LPS (50 ng/ml) and its exacerbation by fatty acids is likely the mechanism by which release of trace amounts of LPS into circulation due to disruption of intestinal barrier function induces the development of these diseases. These studies not only establish the important role of intestinal barrier function, but also identify oral supplementation with curcumin as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve intestinal barrier function and prevent the development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha S. Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jinghua Bie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hayakawa S, Ohashi K, Shibata R, Kataoka Y, Miyabe M, Enomoto T, Joki Y, Shimizu Y, Kambara T, Uemura Y, Yuasa D, Ogawa H, Matsuo K, Hiramatsu-Ito M, van den Hoff MJB, Walsh K, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Cardiac myocyte-derived follistatin-like 1 prevents renal injury in a subtotal nephrectomy model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:636-46. [PMID: 25071081 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease contributes to the progression of CKD. Heart tissue produces a number of secreted proteins, also known as cardiokines, which participate in intercellular and intertissue communication. We recently reported that follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) functions as a cardiokine with cardioprotective properties. Here, we investigated the role of cardiac Fstl1 in renal injury after subtotal nephrectomy. Cardiac-specific Fstl1-deficient (cFstl1-KO) mice and wild-type mice were subjected to subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy. cFstl1-KO mice showed exacerbation of urinary albumin excretion, glomerular hypertrophy, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis after subtotal renal ablation compared with wild-type mice. cFstl1-KO mice also exhibited increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, NADPH oxidase components, and fibrotic mediators, in the remnant kidney. Conversely, systemic administration of adenoviral vectors expressing Fstl1 (Ad-Fstl1) to wild-type mice with subtotal nephrectomy led to amelioration of albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, accompanied by reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators, NADPH oxidase components, and fibrotic markers in the remnant kidney. In cultured human mesangial cells, treatment with recombinant FSTL1 attenuated TNF-α-stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Treatment of mesangial cells with FSTL1 augmented the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibition of AMPK activation abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of FSTL1. These data suggest that Fstl1 functions in cardiorenal communication and that the lack of Fstl1 production by myocytes promotes glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maurice J B van den Hoff
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
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Kondo M, Tahara A, Hayashi K, Abe M, Inami H, Ishikawa T, Ito H, Tomura Y. Renoprotective effects of novel interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 inhibitor AS2444697 through anti-inflammatory action in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:909-19. [PMID: 25052043 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal inflammation is a final common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its progression can be used to effectively gauge the degree of renal dysfunction. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) has been reported to be a pivotal molecule for IL-1 receptor- and Toll-like receptor-induced signaling and activation of proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we hypothesized that if inflammation plays a key role in renal failure, then the anti-inflammatory effect of IRAK-4 inhibitor should be effective in improving CKD. To determine its pharmacological potency, we investigated the renoprotective properties of the novel IRAK-4 inhibitor AS2444697 (N-[3-carbamoyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (1:1)) in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats, a model of CKD. Six weeks' repeated administration of AS2444697 (0.3-3 mg/kg, twice daily) dose-dependently and significantly reduced urinary protein excretion and prevented the development of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis without affecting the blood pressure. In addition, AS2444697 showed beneficial effects on renal function as demonstrated by the decrease in levels of plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and attenuation of decline in creatinine clearance. 5/6 Nx rats exhibited low-grade inflammation as evidenced by increased renal mRNA expression and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1) and C-reactive protein as a marker of systemic inflammation. AS2444697 significantly reduced or showed a decreasing trend in expression and levels of these inflammatory parameters. These results suggest that AS2444697 suppresses the progression of chronic renal failure via anti-inflammatory action and may therefore be potentially useful in treating CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kondo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
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Curcumin ameliorates methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2013; 2013:387071. [PMID: 24381587 PMCID: PMC3870078 DOI: 10.1155/2013/387071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate is an effective anticancer and immunosuppressive agent. However, nephrotoxicity is one of the complications of its use. On the other hand, curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, is reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Those two properties are likely to prevent methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effect of curcumin against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity and delineate various mechanism(s) underlies this effect in rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of methotrexate (7 mg/kg/day) for three consecutive days. Curcumin administration in methotrexate-intoxicated rats resulted in nephroprotective effects as evidenced by the significant decrease in levels of serum creatinine and urea as well as renal malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor- α with a concurrent increase in renal glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities compared to nephrotoxic untreated rats. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that curcumin treatment markedly reduced cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Histopathological examination confirmed the protective effects of curcumin. In conclusion, curcumin protected rats from methotrexate nephrotoxicity, at least in part, through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Guan T, Gao B, Chen G, Chen X, Janssen M, Uttarwar L, Ingram AJ, Krepinsky JC. Colchicine attenuates renal injury in a model of hypertensive chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1466-76. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00057.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, particularly when associated with impaired renal autoregulation and thereby increased intraglomerular pressure (Pgc). Elevated Pgc can be modeled in vitro by exposing glomerular mesangial cells to mechanical strain. We previously showed that RhoA mediates strain-induced matrix production. Here, we show that RhoA activation is dependent on an intact microtubule network. Upregulation of the profibrotic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by mechanical strain is dependent on RhoA activation and inhibited by microtubule disruption. We tested the effects of the microtubule depolymerizing agent colchicine in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, a model of chronic kidney disease driven by elevated Pgc. Colchicine inhibited glomerular RhoA activation and attenuated both glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis without affecting systemic blood pressure. Upregulation of the matrix proteins collagen I and fibronectin, as well as CTGF, was attenuated by colchicine. Activity of the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β, as assessed by Smad3 phosphorylation, was also inhibited by colchicine. Microtubule disruption significantly decreased renal infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. Our studies thus indicate that colchicine modifies hypertensive renal fibrosis. Its protective effects are likely mediated by inhibition of RhoA signaling and renal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Already well-established in clinical practice for other indications, prevention of hypertension-associated renal fibrosis may represent a new potential use for colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiu Guan
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Guang Chen
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Xing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa Janssen
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lalita Uttarwar
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Trujillo J, Chirino YI, Molina-Jijón E, Andérica-Romero AC, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Renoprotective effect of the antioxidant curcumin: Recent findings. Redox Biol 2013; 1:448-56. [PMID: 24191240 PMCID: PMC3814973 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, there have been studies based on the use of natural compounds plant-derived as potential therapeutic agents for various diseases in humans. Curcumin is a phenolic compound extracted from Curcuma longa rhizome commonly used in Asia as a spice, pigment and additive. In traditional medicine of India and China, curcumin is considered as a therapeutic agent used in several foods. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin has broad biological functions particularly antioxidant and antiinflammatory. In fact, it has been established that curcumin is a bifunctional antioxidant; it exerts antioxidant activity in a direct and an indirect way by scavenging reactive oxygen species and inducing an antioxidant response, respectively. The renoprotective effect of curcumin has been evaluated in several experimental models including diabetic nephropathy, chronic renal failure, ischemia and reperfusion and nephrotoxicity induced by compounds such as gentamicin, adriamycin, chloroquine, iron nitrilotriacetate, sodium fluoride, hexavalent chromium and cisplatin. It has been shown recently in a model of chronic renal failure that curcumin exerts a therapeutic effect; in fact it reverts not only systemic alterations but also glomerular hemodynamic changes. Another recent finding shows that the renoprotective effect of curcumin is associated to preservation of function and redox balance of mitochondria. Taking together, these studies attribute the protective effect of curcumin in the kidney to the induction of the master regulator of antioxidant response nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (Nrf2), inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuation of inflammatory response, preservation of antioxidant enzymes and prevention of oxidative stress. The information presented in this paper identifies curcumin as a promising renoprotective molecule against renal injury. Curcumin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in nephrotoxicity. Curcumin prevents renal hemodynamic alterations in chronic renal failure. Curcumin is a therapeutic agent in chronic renal failure. Curcumin induces renal Nrf2 translocation. Curcumin is an antiinflammatory agent in renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico
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Aminzadeh MA, Nicholas SB, Norris KC, Vaziri ND. Role of impaired Nrf2 activation in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:2038-45. [PMID: 23512109 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulo-interstitial nephropathy (TIN) is a common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Consumption of an adenine-containing diet causes the accumulation of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine in the renal tubules triggering intense chronic TIN and progressive CKD in rats. CKD in this model is associated with, and largely driven by, oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with spontaneous focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and rats with CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy are associated with an impaired activation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which is the master regulator of genes encoding many antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. The effect of TIN on the Nrf2 pathway and its key target genes is unknown and was investigated here. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control and adenine-treated (rat chow-containing 0.7% adenine for 2 weeks) groups and followed up for 4 weeks. RESULTS The adenine-treated animals exhibited marked azotemia, impaired urinary concentrating capacity, intense tubular and glomerular damage, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. This was associated with an increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidase, cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipoxygenase, and activation of NF-κB, the master regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of adenine-treated animals was accompanied by an impaired activation of Nrf2 and down-regulation of its target gene products including, catalase, heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase. CONCLUSIONS Chronic TIN is associated with impaired Nrf2 activity which contributes to the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation and amplifies their damaging effects on the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Aminzadeh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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43
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Curcumin induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation and prevents glomerular hypertension, hyperfiltration, oxidant stress, and the decrease in antioxidant enzymes in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:269039. [PMID: 22919438 PMCID: PMC3424005 DOI: 10.1155/2012/269039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal injury resulting from renal ablation induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NX) is associated with oxidant stress, glomerular hypertension, hyperfiltration, and impaired Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. The purpose of this work was to know if the bifunctional antioxidant curcumin may induce nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and prevents 5/6NX-induced oxidant stress, renal injury, decrease in antioxidant enzymes, and glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration. Four groups of rats were studied: (1) control, (2) 5/6NX, (3) 5/6NX +CUR, and (4) CUR (n = 8–10). Curcumin was given by gavage to NX5/6 +CUR and CUR groups (60 mg/kg/day) starting seven days before surgery. Rats were studied 30 days after NX5/6 or sham surgery. Curcumin attenuated 5/6NX-induced proteinuria, systemic and glomerular hypertension, hyperfiltration, glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, interstitial inflammation, and increase in plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. This protective effect was associated with enhanced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and with prevention of 5/6NX-induced oxidant stress and decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that the protective effect of curcumin against 5/6NX-induced glomerular and systemic hypertension, hyperfiltration, renal dysfunction, and renal injury was associated with the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the prevention of both oxidant stress and the decrease of antioxidant enzymes.
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