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Muramatsu H, Akimoto N, Yajima K, Hashimoto M, Katakura M. Suppressing Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Containing Diets on Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:1690-1701. [PMID: 37222582 PMCID: PMC10758513 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Key Points Increased albuminuria on 5/6 nephrectomized rats, as reported earlier, is attenuated by arachidonic acid–containing and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–containing diets. This study established that DHA affects both oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidney. DHA suppressed the oxidative stress and fibrosis, hence suppressing the progression of renal failure. Background Urinary albumin excretion gradually increases after nephrectomy, which eventually progresses toward renal failure. Our previous study had reported that arachidonic acid (ARA)–containing or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–containing diet attenuates the increasing urinary albumin excretion. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ARA-containing or/and DHA-containing diets on oxidative stress and fibrosis that cause kidney injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ARA group, DHA group, and ARA+DHA group. Rats underwent 5/6 kidney removal and were fed ARA-containing or/and DHA-containing diet each five groups continuously for 4 weeks. We collected urine, plasma, and kidney samples 4 weeks after surgery and investigated the effects of ARA-containing and DHA-containing diets on oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the kidney. Results Urinary albumin excretion, indoxyl sulfate, reactive oxygen species, TNF-α levels, and fibrosis in the kidney were all increased on nephrectomy; however, they were attenuated after feeding the rats with DHA-containing diet. Conclusion One possible mechanism of preventing chronic renal failure would be the suppression of indoxyl sulfate accumulation, oxidative stress, and kidney fibrosis arising due to nephrectomy. The results collectively suggested that DHA-containing diets can suppress the progression of renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Muramatsu
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Naoe Akimoto
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Katakura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
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Zhang Z, Huang Q, Zhao D, Lian F, Li X, Qi W. The impact of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction on diabetic microvascular complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1112363. [PMID: 36824356 PMCID: PMC9941188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, with absolute insulin deficiency or insulin resistance as the main cause, and causes damage to various target organs including the heart, kidney and neurovascular. In terms of the pathological and physiological mechanisms of DM, oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms leading to DM and is an important link between DM and its complications. Oxidative stress is a pathological phenomenon resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the scavenging of antioxidant systems. The main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is the mitochondria, which are also the main organelles damaged. In a chronic high glucose environment, impaired electron transport chain within the mitochondria leads to the production of ROS, prompts increased proton leakage and altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which in turn releases cytochrome c (cyt-c), leading to apoptosis. This subsequently leads to a vicious cycle of impaired clearance by the body's antioxidant system, impaired transcription and protein synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is responsible for encoding mitochondrial proteins, and impaired DNA repair systems, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. This paper reviews the dysfunction of mitochondria in the environment of high glucose induced oxidative stress in the DM model, and looks forward to providing a new treatment plan for oxidative stress based on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
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Bai Y, Li H, Dong J. Up-regulation of miR-20a weakens inflammation and apoptosis in high-glucose-induced renal tubular cell mediating diabetic kidney disease by repressing CXCL8 expression. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1603-1610. [PMID: 32608284 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1785506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we determined the pattern of expression and biological roles of microRNA-20a (miR-20a) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The difference in the expression of miR-20a and proinflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) was measured across control, normal glucose (NG), and high glucose (HG) groups. Co-transfection miR-20a mimic and CXCL8 silence was used to assess the miR-20a/CXCL8 axis in the HG-induced HK-2 cell injury involved in DKD. miR-20a in HG group was significantly decreased, and a marked augmentation of inflammatory factor gene expression (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in HK-2 cells was induced by HG. miR-20a over-expression enhanced cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, and suppressed the inflammatory response of HK-2 cells. CXCL8 knockdown strengthened the role of miR-20a. Our findings showed that miR-20a might be a significant regulator of HG-induced renal proximal tubular inflammatory injury mediating diabetic kidney disease through regulation of the expression of CXCL8 and the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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Shi HH, Zhang LY, Chen LP, Yang JY, Wang CC, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Regulating TGF-β Signaling Pathways. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020152. [PMID: 35200681 PMCID: PMC8879699 DOI: 10.3390/md20020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease caused by hypertension. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been reported to possess an antihypertensive effect, and our previous study suggested that EPA-enriched phospholipid (EPA-PL) had more significant bioactivities compared with traditional EPA. However, the effect of dietary EPA-PL on hypertensive nephropathy has not been studied. The current study was designed to examine the protection of EPA-PL against kidney damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Treatment with EPA-PL for three weeks significantly reduced blood pressure through regulating the renin–angiotensin system in SHRs. Moreover, dietary EPA-PL distinctly alleviated kidney dysfunction in SHRs, evidenced by reduced plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and 24 h proteinuria. Histology results revealed that treatment of SHRs with EPA-PL alleviated renal injury and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Further mechanistic studies indicated that dietary EPA-PL remarkably inhibited the activation of TGF-β and Smad 3, elevated the phosphorylation level of PI3K/AKT, suppressed the activation of NF-κB, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, and repressed the oxidative stress and the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway in the kidney. These results indicate that EPA-PL has potential value in the prevention and alleviation of hypertensive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li-Pin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-8203-2597; Fax: +86-0532-8203-2468
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Muramatsu H, Akimoto N, Hashimoto M, Sugibayashi K, Katakura M. Influence of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Kidney Functions of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120692. [PMID: 34940691 PMCID: PMC8706431 DOI: 10.3390/md19120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is involved in the development and maintenance of renal functions, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 (ω-3) PUFA that has anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates nephropathy. However, their effects on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding ARA, DHA, and ARA and DHA-containing diets on rats with 5/6 nephrectomized kidneys. Urine and feces were collected every 4 weeks, and the kidneys were collected at 16 weeks after surgery. Urinary albumin (U-ALB) excretion increased gradually with nephrectomy, but the U-ALB excretion was attenuated by feeding the rats with an ARA + DHA-containing diet. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the kidneys were lower in the ARA + DHA group than in the other groups. At 4 weeks after surgery, the lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in the plasma of the ARA + DHA groups decreased significantly after surgery compared to the control CKD group, but this did not happen at 16 weeks post-surgery. There was a significant negative correlation between LPO levels in the plasma at 4 weeks and creatinine clearance, and a positive correlation with urinary albumin levels. These results suggest that the combination of ARA and DHA inhibit the progress of early stage CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Muramatsu
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; (H.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Naoe Akimoto
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; (H.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan;
| | - Kenji Sugibayashi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; (H.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; (H.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence:
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A new approach to assessment of reproductive losses of the first trimester of pregnancy. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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MicroRNA-140-5p ameliorates the high glucose-induced apoptosis and inflammation through suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222166. [PMID: 32073611 PMCID: PMC7056448 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced renal tubular cell injury is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the role of miRNAs in renal tubular cell injury remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanisms of miRNAs protecting against high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis and inflammation in renal tubular cells. First, we analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in kidney tissues from DN patients using miRNA microarray. It was observed that miRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) was significantly down-regulated in kidney tissues from patients with DN. An inverse correlation between miR-140-5p expression levels with serum proteinuria was observed in DN patients, suggesting miR-140-5p may be involved in the progression of DN. HG-induced injury in HK-2 cells was used to explore the potential role of miR-140-5p in DN. We found that miR-140-5p overexpression improved HG-induced cell injury, as evidenced by the enhancement of cell viability, and inhibition of the activity of caspase-3 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It was also observed that up-regulation of miR-140-5p suppressed HG induced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in HK-2 cells. In addition, TLR4, one of the upstream molecules of NF-κB signaling pathway, was found to be a direct target of miR-140-5p in the HK-2. Moreover, the HG-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by miR-140-5p overexpression. These results indicated that miR-140-5p protected HK-2 cells against HG-induced injury through blocking the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and miR-140-5p may be considered as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of DN.
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Diab KA, Ibrahim NE, Fahmy MA, Hassan EM, Omara EA. Inhibitory activity of flaxseed oil against CdCl 2 induced liver and kidney damage: Histopathology, genotoxicity, and gene expression study. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1127-1137. [PMID: 32963966 PMCID: PMC7490469 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work evaluated the effect of flaxseed oil (FO) against toxicity induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the mouse liver and kidney. Male Swiss albino mice were treated with CdCl2 (4.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) with or without FO at three concentrations (4, 8, 12 mL/kg, orally) for two consecutive weeks. To analyze the effects of FO, we used the following techniques: (1) histopathological examination; (2) comet assay; (3) RT-PCR gene expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and tumor suppressor protein (p53); and (4) immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-9 protein expression. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that FO had a high content of unsaturated fatty acids including, oleic acid, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid. Oral supplementation with FO (12 mL/kg) resulted in a normal histological appearance without alteration in the DNA integrity and gene expression of TNF-α, p53, and caspase-9 in liver and kidney tissues. As expected, CdCl2 remarkably induced loss of histological integrity, increased DNA comet formation, increased TNF-α and p53 mRNA expression levels and increased the immunoreactivity of caspase-9 expression. When FO was given before administration of CdCl2, these histopathological defects were reversed; necrosis, degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, Kupffer cells, and pyknotic cells were all reduced. These histological improvements induced by FO were accompanied by reduced DNA breakage, downregulated mRNA expression of TNF-α and p53, and downregulated immunohistochemical expression of caspase-9 protein. In conclusion, FO and its constituents may act as signaling molecules and modify the expression of genes involved in proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α), cell cycle arrest (p53), and apoptosis (caspase-9), thereby improving biological activities and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar A. Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha E. Ibrahim
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Maha A. Fahmy
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Enayat A. Omara
- Pathology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
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Cauble RN, Greene ES, Orlowski S, Walk C, Bedford M, Apple J, Kidd MT, Dridi S. Research Note: Dietary phytase reduces broiler woody breast severity via potential modulation of breast muscle fatty acid profiles. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4009-4015. [PMID: 32731988 PMCID: PMC7597982 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody breast (WB) myopathy is a major concern and economic burden to the poultry industry, and for which, there is no effective solution because of its unknown etiology. In a previous study, we have shown that phytase (Quantum Blue, QB) reduces the WB severity by 5% via modulation of oxygen homeostasis-related pathways. As WB has been suggested to be associated with lipid dysmetabolism, we aimed to determine the effect of QB on WB and breast muscle fatty acid profile. Male broilers were subjected to 6 treatments (96 birds/treatment): a nutrient adequate control group (PC), the PC supplemented with 0.3% myo-inositol (PC + MI), a negative control (NC) deficient in available P and Ca by 0.15 and 0.16%, respectively, the NC fed with QB at 500 (NC+500 FTU), and 1,000 (NC+ 1,000 FTU) or 2,000 FTU/kg of feed (NC+2,000 FTU). Woody breast and white striping scores were recorded, and fatty acid profiles were determined using gas liquid chromatography. Woody breast-affected muscles exhibited a significant higher incidence of white striping as liquid chromatography analysis reveals an imbalance of fatty acid profile in the breast of WB-affected birds with a significant higher percent of saturated fatty acids (SFA, myristic [14:0], pentadecanoic [15:0], and margaric [17:0]) and monounsaturated fatty acids (myristoleic [14:1], palmitoleic [16:1c], 10-trans-heptadecenoic [17:1t], oleic [18:1c9], and vaccenic [18:1c11]), and lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and omega-3 (P < 0.05). Quantum Blue at high doses (1,000 and 2,000 FTU) significantly reduces the percent of SFA and increases that of PUFA compared with the control group. In conclusion, WB myopathy seemed to be associated with an imbalance of fatty acid profile, and QB ameliorates the severity of WB potentially via modulation of SFA and PUFA contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan N Cauble
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - Sara Orlowski
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - Carrie Walk
- AB Vista, Woodstock Ct, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK
| | - Mike Bedford
- AB Vista, Woodstock Ct, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK
| | - Jason Apple
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - Michael T Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
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Mo Z, Tang C, Li H, Lei J, Zhu L, Kou L, Li H, Luo S, Li C, Chen W, Zhang L. Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents inflammation induced by acute cerebral infarction through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Life Sci 2019; 242:117133. [PMID: 31830477 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is the most common type of acute cerebrovascular diseases resulting in high rate of death and disability. Numerous evidences show that inflammation is the leading cause of ischemic brain injury, thus anti-inflammatory therapy is an attractive candidate for ischemic brain damage. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exerts anti-inflammatory activity in lots of human inflammatory diseases, whereas its effect in ACI is left to elucidate. METHOD Nlpr3-/- mice, Gpr40-/-; Gpr120-/- mice and mice with right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were used to detect NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation by Western Blot and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by ELISA. To estimate the acute ischemic condition in vitro, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was induced in BV2 microglia cells. Transfection of the shRNA targeting GPR40 and GPR120 mRNA into BV2 cells was also assessed. Apoptosis in ischemic cerebral tissues and BV2 cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and flow cytometry. RESULT Here we show that EPA suppresses ACI-induced inflammatory responses through blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, EPA inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and GPR120. Importantly, EPA ameliorates ACI-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION EPA exerts beneficial effect on ACI-induced inflammation through blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation by GPR40 and GPR120. Our findings suggest the potential clinical use of EPA in ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuai Mo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaogang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurology, Maoming People's Hospital, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Kou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurology, Maoming People's Hospital, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijian Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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Lodd E, Wiggenhauser LM, Morgenstern J, Fleming TH, Poschet G, Büttner M, Tabler CT, Wohlfart DP, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. The combination of loss of glyoxalase1 and obesity results in hyperglycemia. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126154. [PMID: 31217350 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased formation of methylglyoxal (MG) under hyperglycemia is associated with the development of microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus; however, the effects of elevated MG levels in vivo are poorly understood. In zebrafish, a transient knockdown of glyoxalase 1, the main MG detoxifying system, led to the elevation of endogenous MG levels and blood vessel alterations. To evaluate effects of a permanent knockout of glyoxalase 1 in vivo, glo1-/- zebrafish mutants were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. In addition, a diet-induced-obesity zebrafish model was used to analyze glo1-/- zebrafish under high nutrient intake. Glo1-/- zebrafish survived until adulthood without growth deficit and showed increased tissue MG concentrations. Impaired glucose tolerance developed in adult glo1-/- zebrafish and was indicated by increased postprandial blood glucose levels and postprandial S6 kinase activation. Challenged by an overfeeding period, fasting blood glucose levels in glo1-/- zebrafish were increased which translated into retinal blood vessel alterations. Thus, the data have identified a defective MG detoxification as a metabolic prerequisite and glyoxalase 1 alterations as a genetic susceptibility to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus under high nutrition intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lodd
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucas M Wiggenhauser
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas H Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Büttner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph T Tabler
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David P Wohlfart
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Foroughinia F, Mirjalili M, Mirzaei E, Oboodi A. Omega-3 Supplementation in the Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:307-313. [PMID: 31380258 PMCID: PMC6664110 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third cause of hospital-acquired renal failure and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several studies have revealed the protective role of omega-3 in prevention and treatment of some kidney injuries. This study was conducted to examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on the markers of renal function and to evaluate its potential in the prevention of CIN in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 85 eligible patients scheduled for PCI was randomly divided into omega-3 (a single 3750 mg dose of omega-3 as well as routine hydration therapy within 12 hours before PCI) or control (placebo plus routine hydration therapy) groups. Serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C levels were measured at baseline and 24 hours after PCI. Results: Our results indicated that post- PCI cystatin C levels were significantly decreased in the omega-3 group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Although less upward manner was seen in the level of 24-hour creatinine in the omega-3 group, it did not reach the significance level (P = 0.008). Conclusion: The positive effect of omega-3 on cystatin C levels showed that it may have a protective role in the prevention of CIN in post-PCI patients with normal kidney function. However, to better assess this effect, it is highly recommended to design future studies with higher doses and longer duration of therapy with omega-3 plus long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Foroughinia
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Mirzaei
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Oboodi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Wang J, Guo HM. Astragaloside IV ameliorates high glucose-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4409-4416. [PMID: 31086575 PMCID: PMC6489012 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the major cause of end-stage renal disease increasing the mortality risk of diabetes. Research has demonstrated that the oxidative damage and apoptosis of renal tubular cells is present during DN. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been widely used for the treatment of many diseases, however, the role and mechanism by which AS-IV may ameliorate high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress of the human proximal tubular cell line HK-2 remains largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of AS-IV on high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells. Cell viability, apoptosis and protein expression were detected by Trypan blue staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate nick-end labelling, flow cytometry and western blot analyses. In addition, enzymatic activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxide (LPO), were measured with the corresponding detection kits. DCFH-DA assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to evaluate protein and mRNA expressions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway. The results demonstrated that AS-IV significantly enhanced HK-2 cell viability induced by high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, AS-IV notably inhibited HK-2 cell apoptosis stimulated by high glucose, which may be associated with inhibition of BCL2 associated X protein, Cleaved-caspase-3 and Cleaved-caspase-9, expression and the promotion of Bcl-2. AS-IV significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and decreased the high-glucose-induced ROS production in HK-2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, it was determined that AS-IV regulated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of liver-type fatty acid binding protein. In conclusion, these findings may provide evidence that AS-IV has a potential role for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of First Clinical Medical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Min Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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14
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Eide IA, Reinholt FP, Jenssen T, Hartmann A, Schmidt EB, Åsberg A, Bergan S, Brabrand K, Svensson M. Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation in renal transplantation: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:790-800. [PMID: 30125457 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine n-3 fatty acids (FAs) may exert beneficial effects on inflammation, fibrosis, and endothelial function, which could preserve renal graft function. In this randomized controlled trial, 132 Norwegian renal transplant recipients received either 2.6 g of marine n-3 FAs or olive oil (control) daily for 44 weeks, in addition to standard care. Thirty patients did not complete the trial. The primary endpoint was change (Δ) in measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) during follow-up. We found no significant difference in Δ mGFR between the marine n-3 FA group and controls (6.7 vs 3.8 mL/min per 1.73 m2 , P = .15). Significant beneficial effects from marine n-3 FA supplementation were, however, seen in secondary endpoints plasma triglycerides, plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. In the per-protocol population, the renal graft indices percent interstitial fibrosis and Chronic Allograft Damage Index also were significantly lower in the marine n-3 FA group. The cumulative incidence of adverse events did not differ between the marine n-3 FA group (n = 218) and controls (n = 240). In conclusion, marine FA supplementation did not improve renal function compared with controls, but was safe, lowered plasma triglyceride and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and improved endothelial function (Clinical.Trials.gov identifier NCT01744067).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar A Eide
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Finn P Reinholt
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik B Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Bergan
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Brabrand
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - My Svensson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Champigny CM, Cormier RPJ, Simard CJ, St-Coeur PD, Fortin S, Pichaud N. Omega-3 Monoacylglyceride Effects on Longevity, Mitochondrial Metabolism and Oxidative Stress: Insights from Drosophila melanogaster. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110453. [PMID: 30453574 PMCID: PMC6266923 DOI: 10.3390/md16110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived from marine sources have been investigated as nonpharmacological dietary supplements to improve different pathological conditions, as well as aging. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary n-3 PUFA monoacylglycerides (MAG, both EPA and DHA) on the mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress of a short-lifespan model, Drosophila melanogaster, sampled at five different ages. Our results showed that diets supplemented with MAG-EPA and MAG-DHA increased median lifespan by 14.6% and decreased mitochondrial proton leak resulting in an increase of mitochondrial coupling. The flies fed on MAG-EPA also had higher electron transport system capacity and mitochondrial oxidative capacities. Moreover, both n-3 PUFAs delayed the occurrence of lipid peroxidation but only flies fed the MAG-EPA diet showed maintenance of superoxide dismutase activity during aging. Our study therefore highlights the potential of n-3 PUFA monoacylglycerides as nutraceutical compounds to delay the onset of senescence by acting directly or indirectly on the mitochondrial metabolism and suggests that Drosophila could be a relevant model for the study of the fundamental mechanisms linking the effects of n-3 PUFAs to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Champigny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Robert P J Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Chloé J Simard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Patrick-Denis St-Coeur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | | | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
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16
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Mafra D, Gidlund EK, Borges NA, Magliano DC, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, von Walden F. Bioactive food and exercise in chronic kidney disease: Targeting the mitochondria. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e13020. [PMID: 30144313 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects 10%-15% of the population, associates with a range of complications-such as cardiovascular disease, frailty, infections, muscle and bone disorders and premature ageing-that could be related to alterations of mitochondrial number, distribution, structure and function. As mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics and the dynamic mitochondrial networks directly or indirectly regulate numerous intra- and extracellular functions, the mitochondria have emerged as an important target for interventions aiming at preventing or improving the treatment of complications in CKD. In this review, we discuss the possible role of bioactive food compounds and exercise in the modulation of the disturbed mitochondrial function in a uraemic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eva-Karin Gidlund
- Division of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natália Alvarenga Borges
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Trichosanthes kirilowii lectin alleviates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the LOX1/NF-κB/caspase-9 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180071. [PMID: 30038056 PMCID: PMC6127671 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthes kirilowii lectin (TKL) has been reported to exert hypoglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. However, there is no evidence showing that it helps to prevent diabetic nephropathy (DN). We used a high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cell model and a streptozocin (STZ)-induced Wistar rat model to investigate the effects of TKL on DN, as well as the mechanisms for those effects. Our results showed that TKL significantly increased the viability of HG-treated HK-2 cells and inhibited cell apoptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that TKL attenuated STZ-induced histopathological damage and the inflammatory response in rat kidney tissues. Pre-treatment of HK-2 cells or STZ-treated rats with polyinosinic acid (Poly IC), an inhibitor of lectin-like oxLDL receptor 1 (LOX1), blocked the protective effect of TKL against HG- or STZ-induced damage to kidney tissue, indicating that TKL might exert its effect via LOX1-mediated endocytosis. Additional results suggested that TKL inhibits the phosphorylation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor protein (IκBα), and thereby reduces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65). ChIP assay data indicated that TKL markedly inhibits the binding of p65 to the CASP9 gene in HG-treated HK-2 cells, subsequently suppressing transcription of the CASP9 gene. In the dual-luciferase reporter assay, TKL significantly inhibited luciferase activity in cells co-transfected with p65 and a wild-type capase-9 construct instead of mutated caspase-9 constructs. Taken together, our results show that TKL helps to protect against DN by inhibiting the LOX1/NF-κB/caspase-9 signaling pathway, suggesting TKL as a promising agent for treating DN.
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18
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Kayano R, Morofuji Y, Nakagawa S, Fukuda S, Watanabe D, Ozawa H, Niwa M, Matsuo T. In vitro analysis of drugs that improve hyperglycemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1885-1890. [PMID: 30060956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruptions are a key feature of hyperglycemia (HG)-induced cerebral damage. Patients with diabetes mellitus often have other cerebrovascular disease risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis obliterans. However, whether the drugs for these comorbidities are effective for improving HG-induced BBB damage is unclear. METHODS We investigated the effect of pitavastatin, candesartan, cilostazol, propranolol, and eicosapentaenoic acid on HG-induced BBB damage. In vitro BBB models consisting of primary cultures of rat brain capillary endothelial cells were subjected to HG (55 mM d-glucose). RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) with HG, showing that HG compromised the integrity of the in vitro BBB model. No significant decrease in cell viability was seen with HG, but HG increased the production of reactive oxygen species. Pitavastatin and candesartan inhibited decreases in TEER induced by HG. CONCLUSIONS In summary, pitavastatin and candesartan improved HG-induced BBB damage and this in vitro model of HG-induced BBB dysfunction contributes to the search for BBB protective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Kayano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Morofuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shuji Fukuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Company, Ltd., Nagasaki, 1-43 Dejima, Nagasaki, 850-0862, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masami Niwa
- BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Company, Ltd., Nagasaki, 1-43 Dejima, Nagasaki, 850-0862, Japan; Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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19
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MicroRNA-25 inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells via PTEN/AKT pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:471-479. [PMID: 29031207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It has been demonstrated that apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of DN. Recent researches have corroborated the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the apoptosis of various types of cells including renal tubular epithelial cells. However, the eff ; ;ect of miRNAs on the hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the eff ; ;ect of miRNAs on the hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and its molecular mechanism. Using a miRNA microarray, miRNAs putatively associated with DN were examined in renal biopsy tissue samples from DN patients and healthy controls. Validation analysis of miR-25 level in serum samples and renal biopsy tissue samples was performed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Then, gain- and loss- of function experiments were performed to determine the protective roles of miR-25 in high glucose-induced damage to renal tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, the target gene of miR-25 and the downstream signaling pathway were also investigated. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that miR-25 was significantly downregulated in renal biopsy tissue and serum samples from DN patients. We also observed that an inverse relationship between serum miR-25 level and proteinuria in DN patients. Meanwhile, miR-25 was decreased in human kidney (HK-2) cells subjected to HG treatment in a time dependent manner. Its overexpression reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppressed cell apoptosis in HG-induced cell damage model, which was coupled with the decreased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and activity of caspase-3. Subsequent analyses demonstrated that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was a direct and functional target of miR-25, which was validated by the dual luciferase reporter assay. Most importantly, the overexpression of PTEN effectively reversed the protective effects of miR-25 mimics on renal tubular epithelial cell injury. We also found that the anti-apoptotic effects of miR-25 are dependent on the activation of PTEN/Akt pathway. In addition, we observed that PTEN was upregulated in renal biopsy tissue samples from patients with DN, and an inverse relationship was found between PTEN and miR-25 expression, suggesting that miR-25 may exert its function through regulation of PTEN in DN. Taken together, our study proved that overexpression of miR-25 could ameliorate HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells through activation of PTEN/AKT pathway, suggesting that overexpression of miR-25 might provide a potential therapeutic approach for DN.
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20
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de Oliveira MR, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Jardim FR. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mitochondria, back to the future. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Obesity-induced kidney injury is attenuated by amelioration of aberrant PHD2 activation in proximal tubules. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36533. [PMID: 27827416 PMCID: PMC5101521 DOI: 10.1038/srep36533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of tissue ischemia in obesity-induced kidney injury remains to be elucidated. Compared with low fat diet (LFD)-mice, high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice became obese with tubular enlargement, glomerulomegaly and peritubular capillary rarefaction, and exhibited both tubular and glomerular damages. In HFD-fed mice, despite the increase in renal pimonidazole-positive areas, the expressions of the hypoxia-responsive genes such as Prolyl-hydroxylase PHD2, a dominant oxygen sensor, and VEGFA were unchanged indicating impaired hypoxic response. Tamoxifen inducible proximal tubules (PT)-specific Phd2 knockout (Phd2-cKO) mice and their littermate control mice (Control) were created and fed HFD or LFD. Control mice on HFD (Control HFD) exhibited renal damages and renal ischemia with impaired hypoxic response compared with those on LFD. After tamoxifen treatment, HFD-fed knockout mice (Phd2-cKO HFD) had increased peritubular capillaries and the increased expressions of hypoxia responsive genes compared to Control HFD mice. Phd2-cKO HFD also exhibited the mitigation of tubular damages, albuminuria and glomerulomegaly. In human PT cells, the increased expressions of hypoxia-inducible genes in hypoxic condition were attenuated by free fatty acids. Thus, aberrant hypoxic responses due to dysfunction of PHD2 caused both glomerular and tubular damages in HFD-induced obese mice. Phd2-inactivation provides a novel strategy against obesity-induced kidney injury.
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22
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Matafome P, Rodrigues T, Sena C, Seiça R. Methylglyoxal in Metabolic Disorders: Facts, Myths, and Promises. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:368-403. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Complementary Sciences; Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC); Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra; 3045-601 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Cristina Sena
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
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23
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Jantas D, Piotrowski M, Lason W. An Involvement of PI3-K/Akt Activation and Inhibition of AIF Translocation in Neuroprotective Effects of Undecylenic Acid (UDA) Against Pro-Apoptotic Factors-Induced Cell Death in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2882-95. [PMID: 26012840 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Undecylenic acid (UDA), a naturally occurring 11-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, has been used for several years as an economical antifungal agent and a nutritional supplement. Recently, the potential usefulness of UDA as a neuroprotective drug has been suggested based on the ability of this agent to inhibit μ-calpain activity. In order to verify neuroprotective potential of UDA, we tested protective efficacy of this compound against cell damage evoked by pro-apoptotic factors (staurosporine and doxorubicin) and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We showed that UDA partially protected SH-SY5Y cells against the staurosporine- and doxorubicin-evoked cell death; however, this effect was not connected with its influence on caspase-3 activity. UDA decreased the St-induced changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic AIF level, whereas in Dox-model it affected only the cytosolic AIF content. Moreover, UDA (1-40 μM) decreased the hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage which was connected with attenuation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated necrotic (PI staining, ADP/ATP ratio) and apoptotic (mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation, AIF translocation) changes. Finally, we demonstrated that an inhibitor of PI3-K/Akt (LY294002) but not MAPK/ERK1/2 (U0126) pathway blocked the protection mediated by UDA in all tested models of SH-SY5Y cell injury. These in vitro data point to UDA as potentially effective neuroprotectant the utility of which should be further validated in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Piotrowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Generoso SDV, Rodrigues NM, Trindade LM, Paiva NC, Cardoso VN, Carneiro CM, Ferreira AVDM, Faria AMC, Maioli TU. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid attenuates 5-fluorouracil induced mucositis in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:54. [PMID: 26063053 PMCID: PMC4473827 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies showed the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease as it alleviated the symptoms and promoted better mucosal integrity. The objective of this study was to determine whether a diet with the addition of n-3 FA helps control the inflammation observed in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced mucositis. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: 1: control (CTL), fed a standard chow diet; 2: CTL + n-3 FA – n-3 FA, fed a diet with n-3; 3: mucositis (MUC), fed a standard chow diet and subjected to mucositis; and 4: MUC+ n-3 FA, fed a diet with n-3 FA and subjected to mucositis. On the 8th day, the animals of the MUC and MUC + n-3 FA groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg 5-FU for mucositis induction. After 24 h or 72 h, all mice were euthanized and evaluated for intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, intestinal histology and apoptosis. Results Mice that received the diet with n-3 FA and a 5-FU injection showed less weight loss compared to the animals of the MUC group (p < 0.005). Decreased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation were also observed in animals fed n-3 FA, and these mice underwent mucositis compared to the MUC group (p < 0.005). These data were associated with mucosal integrity and a reduced number of apoptotic cells in the ileum mucosa compared to the mice that received the control diet and 5-FU injection. Conclusion Together, these results show that omega-3 fatty acid decreases the mucosal damage caused by 5-FU-induced mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Núbia Morais Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Nivea Carolina Paiva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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de Assis AM, Rech A, Longoni A, da Silva Morrone M, de Bittencourt Pasquali MA, Perry ML, Souza DO, Moreira JC. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids revert renal responses induced by a combination of 2 protocols that increase the amounts of advanced glycation end product in rats. Nutr Res 2015; 35:512-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Omega-3 fatty acids protect renal functions by increasing docosahexaenoic acid-derived metabolite levels in SHR.Cg-Lepr(cp)/NDmcr rats, a metabolic syndrome model. Molecules 2014; 19:3247-63. [PMID: 24642910 PMCID: PMC6271130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) protect against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of highly purified DHA and EPA or EPA only administration on renal function and renal eicosanoid and docosanoid levels in an animal model of metabolic syndrome, SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr (SHRcp) rats. Male SHRcp rats were divided into 3 groups. Control (5% arabic gum), TAK-085 (300 mg/kg/day, containing 467 mg/g EPA and 365 mg/g DHA), or EPA (300 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 20 weeks. The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio in the TAK-085-administered group was significantly lower than that in other groups. The glomerular sclerosis score in the TAK-085-administered group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. Although DHA levels were increased in total kidney fatty acids, the levels of nonesterified DHA were not significantly different among the 3 groups, whereas the levels of protectin D1, resolvin D1, and resolvin D2 were significantly increased in the TAK-085-administered group. The results show that the use of combination therapy with DHA and EPA in SHRcp rats improved or prevented renal failure associate with metabolic syndrome with decreasing triglyceride levels and increasing ω-3 PUFA lipid mediators.
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Polymyxin B Induces Apoptosis in Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4329-4335. [PMID: 23796937 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02587-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nephrotoxicity of polymyxins is a major dose-limiting factor for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. The mechanism(s) of polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity is not clear. This study aimed to investigate polymyxin B-induced apoptosis in kidney proximal tubular cells. Polymyxin B-induced apoptosis in NRK-52E cells was examined by caspase activation, DNA breakage, and translocation of membrane phosphatidylserine using Red-VAD-FMK [Val-Ala-Asp(O-Me) fluoromethyl ketone] staining, a terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and double staining with annexin V-propidium iodide (PI). The concentration dependence (50% effective concentration [EC50]) and time course for polymyxin B-induced apoptosis were measured in NRK-52E and HK-2 cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with annexin V and PI. Polymyxin B-induced apoptosis in NRK-52E cells was confirmed by positive labeling from Red-VAD-FMK staining, TUNEL assay, and annexin V-PI double staining. The EC50 (95% confidence interval [CI]) of polymyxin B for the NRK-52E cells was 1.05 (0.91 to 1.22) mM and was 0.35 (0.29 to 0.42) mM for HK-2 cells. At lower concentrations of polymyxin B, minimal apoptosis was observed, followed by a sharp rise in the apoptotic index at higher concentrations in both cell lines. After treatment of NRK-52E cells with 2.0 mM polymyxin B, the percentage of apoptotic cells (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) was 10.9% ± 4.69% at 6 h and reached plateau (>80%) at 24 h, whereas treatment with 0.5 mM polymyxin B for 24 h led to 93.6% ± 5.57% of HK-2 cells in apoptosis. Understanding the mechanism of polymyxin B-induced apoptosis will provide important information for discovering less nephrotoxic polymyxin-like lipopeptides.
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Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive compound derived mainly from glucose and fructose metabolism. This metabolite has been implicated in diabetic complications as it is a strong AGE precursor. Furthermore, recent studies suggested a role for MG in insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Although several drugs have been developed in the recent years to scavenge MG and inhibit AGE formation, we are still far from having an effective strategy to prevent MG-induced mechanisms. This review summarizes the mechanisms of MG formation, detoxification, and action. Furthermore, we review the current knowledge about its implication on the pathophysiology and complications of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Research on Light and Image (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Tulubas F, Gurel A, Oran M, Topcu B, Caglar V, Uygur E. The protective effects of ω-3 fatty acids on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:638-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713483203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. A total of 24 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Control group was given only saline by intragastric gavage. DOX group received DOX at the dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 28. DOX-ω-3 FA group was given as ω-3 FAs at the dose of 400 mg/kg daily by intragastric gavage for 30 days and received DOX at the dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 28. At the end of the 30-day experimental period, the serum, liver and kidney tissue specimens were taken from the animals by giving a general anesthesia. Glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and GSH and MDA levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver and kidney tissues were measured spectrophotometrically. In our study, a significant increase in MDA levels was observed in rats when given a dose of DOX and a significant decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum, liver and kidney tissues was determined when compared with control group. In addition, a significant decrease in MDA levels was observed in rats when a dose of ω-3 FAs was given with DOX and a significant increase was determined in the levels of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum, liver and kidney tissues, when compared with DOX group. We concluded that ω-3 FA had favorable effects in rat liver and kidney tissues by preventing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feti Tulubas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gurel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Oran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Birol Topcu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Veli Caglar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Emine Uygur
- School of Health Services, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Tokumoto M, Lee JY, Fujiwara Y, Uchiyama M, Satoh M. Inorganic arsenic induces apoptosis through downregulation of Ube2d genes and p53 accumulation in rat proximal tubular cells. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:815-20. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tokumoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masahiko Satoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
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Xiao H, Gu Z, Wang G, Zhao T. The possible mechanisms underlying the impairment of HIF-1α pathway signaling in hyperglycemia and the beneficial effects of certain therapies. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1412-21. [PMID: 23983604 PMCID: PMC3752727 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), an essential transcription factor which mediates the adaptation of cells to low oxygen tensions, is regulated precisely by hypoxia and hyperglycemia, which are major determinants of the chronic complications associated with diabetes. The process of HIF-1α stabilization by hypoxia is clear; however, the mechanisms underlying the potential deleterious effect of hyperglycemia on HIF-1α are still controversial, despite reports of a variety of studies demonstrating the existence of this phenomenon. In fact, HIF-1α and glucose can sometimes influence each other: HIF-1α induces the expression of glycolytic enzymes and glucose metabolism affects HIF-1α accumulation in some cells. Although hyperglycemia upregulates HIF-1α signaling in some specific cell types, we emphasize the inhibition of HIF-1α by high glucose in this review. With regard to the mechanisms of HIF-1α impairment, the role of methylglyoxal in impairment of HIF-1α stabilization and transactivation ability and the negative effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on HIF-1α are discussed. Other explanations for the inhibition of HIF-1α by high glucose exist: the increased sensitivity of HIF-1α to Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) machinery, the role of osmolarity and proteasome activity, and the participation of several molecules. This review aims to summarize several important developments regarding these mechanisms and to discuss potentially effective therapeutic techniques (antioxidants eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and metallothioneins (MTs), pharmaceuticals cobalt chloride (CoCl2), dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), desferrioxamine (DFO) and gene transfer of constitutively active forms of HIF-1α) and their mechanisms of action for intervention in the chronic complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
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Kapoor R, Kakkar P. Protective role of morin, a flavonoid, against high glucose induced oxidative stress mediated apoptosis in primary rat hepatocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41663. [PMID: 22899998 PMCID: PMC3416810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an early event of liver damage in diabetes and oxidative stress has been linked to accelerate the apoptosis in hepatocytes. Therefore, the compounds that can scavenge ROS may confer regulatory effects on high-glucose induced apoptosis. In the present study, primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to high concentration (40 mM) of glucose. At this concentration decreased cell viability and enhanced ROS generation was observed. Depleted antioxidant status of hepatocytes under high glucose stress was also observed as evident from transcriptional level and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Further, mitochondrial depolarisation was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial integrity and altered expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Increased translocation of apoptotic proteins like AIF (Apoptosis inducing factor) & Endo-G (endonuclease-G) from its resident place mitochondria to nucleus was also observed. Cyt-c residing in the inter-membrane space of mitochondria also translocated to cytoplasm. These apoptotic proteins initiated caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, increased apoptotic DNA content in glucose treated hepatocytes, suggesting mitochondria mediated apoptotic mode of cell death. Morin, a dietary flavonoid from Psidium guajava was effective in increasing the cell viability and decreasing the ROS level. It maintained mitochondrial integrity, inhibited release of apoptotic proteins from mitochondria, prevented DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and hypodiploid DNA upon exposure to high glucose. This study confirms the capacity of dietary flavonoid Morin in regulating apoptosis induced by high glucose via mitochondrial mediated pathway through intervention of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Kapoor
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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Vallon V, Thomson SC. Renal function in diabetic disease models: the tubular system in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 74:351-75. [PMID: 22335797 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects the kidney in stages. At the onset of diabetes mellitus, in a subset of diabetic patients the kidneys grow large, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) becomes supranormal, which are risk factors for developing diabetic nephropathy later in life. This review outlines a pathophysiological concept that focuses on the tubular system to explain these changes. The concept includes the tubular hypothesis of glomerular filtration, which states that early tubular growth and sodium-glucose cotransport enhance proximal tubule reabsorption and make the GFR supranormal through the physiology of tubuloglomerular feedback. The diabetic milieu triggers early tubular cell proliferation, but the induction of TGF-β and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors causes a cell cycle arrest and a switch to tubular hypertrophy and a senescence-like phenotype. Although this growth phenotype explains unusual responses like the salt paradox of the early diabetic kidney, the activated molecular pathways may set the stage for tubulointerstitial injury and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Mukohda M, Okada M, Hara Y, Yamawaki H. Exploring mechanisms of diabetes-related macrovascular complications: role of methylglyoxal, a metabolite of glucose on regulation of vascular contractility. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:303-10. [PMID: 22333481 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11r12cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a metabolite of glucose. MGO binds to and modifies arginine, lysine, and cysteine residues in proteins, which leads to formation of a variety of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) such as argpyrimidine and N(ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine. The concentration of MGO significantly increases in plasma from diabetic patients. Increased plasma MGO level seems to be associated with diabetic microvascular complications. In addition, MGO accumulates in large vascular tissues from spontaneous hypertensive rats, which is associated with increased blood pressure. Although it is logical to hypothesize that MGO could directly affect vascular reactivity, available reports are very limited. Our group has examined effects of MGO on vascular reactivity (contraction and relaxation) and explored underlying mechanisms. In this review article, we summarized our recent findings on 1) short-term effects of MGO, 2) long-term effects of MGO, and 3) effects of MGO accumulation in arterial walls on vascular reactivity. These findings may provide further mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes-related macrovascular complications including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mukohda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
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Turkez H, Aydin E. Anti-genotoxic role of eicosapentaenoic acid against imazalil-induced DNA damage in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:584-90. [PMID: 22317822 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711433943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid and is essential to the health of mammals. Recent data show that EPA can act as anti-mutagenic agent. On the other hand, pesticides comprise a new and important class of environmental pollutants nowadays. Imazalil (IMA), a commonly used fungicide in both agricultural and clinical domains is suspected to produce very serious toxic effects in vertebrates. The present study investigated the anti-genotoxic effect of EPA against the genotoxic damage induced by IMA on cultured human lymphocytes using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests as cytogenetic endpoints. Peripheral blood cells were treated in vitro with varying concentrations of EPA (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml), tested in combination with IMA (336 μg/ml). Our results revealed that the rates of CAs and MNs in lymphocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by IMA as compared to the controls. The results also showed that EPA alone was not genotoxic. Moreover, when combined with IMA treatment, EPA reduced the frequencies of CAs and MNs. A clear dose-dependent decrease in the genotoxic damage of IMA was observed, suggesting a genoprotective role of EPA. In conclusion, our data may have an important application for the protection of cultured human lymphocyte from the genetic damage and repercussions induced by agricultural and industrial chemicals hazardous in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Turkey
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Takase O, Hishikawa K, Kamiura N, Nakakuki M, Kawano H, Mizuguchi K, Fujita T. Eicosapentaenoic acid regulates IκBα and prevents tubulointerstitial injury in kidney. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 669:128-35. [PMID: 21871881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is well known to prevent the progression of IgA nephropathy. However, the mechanism through which fish oil prevents the progression of renal injury remains uncertain. We tried to clarify the effects of EPA on tubulointerstitial injury in the kidney both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the effects of EPA, especially to focus on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), using Thy-1 nephritis models. Also the mechanism of EPA was investigated using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). In Thy-1 nephritis models, EPA significantly inhibited tubulointerstitial injury and the infiltration of macrophages into tubulointerstitial lesions except severe glomerular injury at early stage. Compared with control animals, NF-κB activation was significantly augmented in the Thy-1 nephritic kidney. However, treatment with EPA significantly reduced NF-κB activation, down-regulated the expressions of NF-κB-dependent molecules. Also in LPS-stimulated PTECs, LPS augmented NF-κB activation and the expression of NF-κB-dependent molecules. As in the case with the Thy-1 nephritis models, treatment with EPA inhibited them, prevented the degradation of IκBα in LPS-stimulated PTECs. Pre-treatment with siRNA for IκBα abolished the inhibitory effect of EPA on LPS-induced NF-κB activation, suggesting that EPA inhibited NF-κB activation by regulating IκBα. Our results indicate that EPA prevents the early progression of tubulointerstitial injury in Thy-1 nephritis models, and the inhibitory effect of EPA on the expression of inflammatory molecules via the regulation of IκBα in cultured cells may explain this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Takase
- Department of Clinical Renal Regeneration, and Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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