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Zhou M, Zhang Y, Shi L, Li L, Zhang D, Gong Z, Wu Q. Activation and modulation of the AGEs-RAGE axis: Implications for inflammatory pathologies and therapeutic interventions - A review. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107282. [PMID: 38914383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common foundation for the development of many non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes, atherosclerosis, and tumors. The activation of the axis involving Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and their receptor RAGE is a key promotive factor in the chronic inflammation process, influencing the pathological progression of these diseases. The accumulation of AGEs in the body results from an increase in glycation reactions and oxidative stress, especially pronounced in individuals with diabetes. By binding to RAGE, AGEs activate signaling pathways such as NF-κB, promoting the release of inflammatory factors, exacerbating cell damage and inflammation, and further advancing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and tumor development. This review will delve into the molecular mechanisms by which the AGEs-RAGE axis activates chronic inflammation in the aforementioned diseases, as well as strategies to inhibit the AGEs-RAGE axis, aiming to slow or halt the progression of chronic inflammation and related diseases. This includes the development of AGEs inhibitors, RAGE antagonists, and interventions targeting upstream and downstream signaling pathways. Additionally, the early detection of AGEs levels and RAGE expression as biomarkers provides new avenues for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Wuhan Caidian District Public Inspection and Testing Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, PR China
| | - Liangchao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Hubei Standardization and Quality Institute, Wuhan,Hubei 430068, PR China
| | - Zihao Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
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Zhu W, Zhang H, Niu T, Liu K, Fareeduddin Mohammed Farooqui H, Sun R, Chen X, Yuan Y, Wang S. Microglial SCAP deficiency protects against diabetes-associated cognitive impairment through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:154-170. [PMID: 38570101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced pathological microglial responses and subsequent neuronal damage are notable characteristics of diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI). Cholesterol accumulation in the brain is a prevalent consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbating pathological microglial responses. Regarding disordered glucose and lipid metabolism, the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), a cholesterol sensor, exhibits increased expression and abnormal translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, amplifying the inflammatory response. Therefore, we hypothesized that overexpression of microglia-SCAP and cholesterol accumulation in DM mice could induce pathological microglial responses associated with DACI. Our type 2 DM mice model presented an abnormal increase in microglial SCAP expression. The functional loss of microglia-specific SCAP in DM mice improved cognitive impairment, neuronal synaptic plasticity deficits, and abnormal microglial responses. Mechanistically, the accumulated SCAP directly bound to and enhanced the activation of the microglial-specific inflammatory amplifier, NLRP3 inflammasome, in Golgi, thereby increasing pathological microglial responses and promoting neuronal damage. These findings indicate an important regulatory axis of microglial responses from SCAP to the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in microglia. These underscore the crosstalk between cholesterol disorders and pathological microglial responses, offering a promising avenue for pharmaceutical interventions in DACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kunyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huzaifa Fareeduddin Mohammed Farooqui
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhu W, Niu T, Song B, Wang H, Wang W, Zhang H. The mediating role of HbA1c in the association between elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:102. [PMID: 37443036 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have been identified as one potential risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients. The current study seeks to clarify the link between LDL-C, hyperglycemia, and DPN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Here, a total of 120 T2DM individuals were recruited. These volunteers with T2DM were divided into 2 groups, based on the presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, their baseline characteristics were compared. Association among LDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and DPN, particularly with respect to specific nerve conduction velocity were analyzed. To identify factors influencing DPN, regression was performed. Furthermore, mediation analysis was employed to evaluate the indirect, direct and total effects of LDL-C on specific nerve conduction velocity, with HbA1c serving as a mediator. RESULTS Compared to 55 patients without DPN, 65 patients with DPN demonstrated elevated levels of LDL-C and HbA1c. Both LDL-C and HbA1c have been found to be associated with reduced the motor fiber conduction velocities of Ulnar (or the Common peroneal) nerve in diabetic patients. HbA1c is one of the known risk factors for DPN in individuals with T2DM. Further mediation analysis revealed that the effect of LDL-C on the Ulnar (or the Common peroneal) nerve motor fiber conduction velocities are fully mediated by HbA1c in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The impact of elevated LDL-C levels upon the Ulnar (or the Common peroneal) nerve motor fiber conduction velocities in patients with T2DM was found to be entirely mediated by increased HbA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongxiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Li J, Qiu Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Bi R, Wei Y, Li Y, Hu B. The role of protein glycosylation in the occurrence and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106726. [PMID: 36907285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious and life-threatening disease worldwide. Despite thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, a sizeable fraction of patients with AIS have adverse clinical outcomes. In addition, existing secondary prevention strategies with antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs therapy are not able to adequately decrease the risk of ischemic stroke recurrence. Thus, exploring novel mechanisms for doing so represents an urgent need for the prevention and treatment of AIS. Recent studies have discovered that protein glycosylation plays a critical role in the occurrence and outcome of AIS. As a common co- and post-translational modification, protein glycosylation participates in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes by regulating the activity and function of proteins or enzymes. Protein glycosylation is involved in two causes of cerebral emboli in ischemic stroke: atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation. Following ischemic stroke, the level of brain protein glycosylation becomes dynamically regulated, which significantly affects stroke outcome through influencing inflammatory response, excitotoxicity, neuronal apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Drugs targeting glycosylation in the occurrence and progression of stroke may represent a novel therapeutic idea. In this review, we focus on possible perspectives about how glycosylation affects the occurrence and outcome of AIS. We then propose the potential of glycosylation as a therapeutic drug target and prognostic marker for AIS patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rentang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Njeim R, Alkhansa S, Fornoni A. Unraveling the Crosstalk between Lipids and NADPH Oxidases in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051360. [PMID: 37242602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Abnormal lipid metabolism and intrarenal accumulation of lipids have been shown to be strongly correlated with the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, fatty acids, and sphingolipids are among the lipids that are altered in DKD, and their renal accumulation has been linked to the pathogenesis of the disease. In addition, NADPH oxidase-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the development of DKD. Several types of lipids have been found to be tightly linked to NADPH oxidase-induced ROS production. This review aims to explore the interplay between lipids and NADPH oxidases in order to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DKD and identify more effective targeted therapies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sahar Alkhansa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Methods: A new protocol for in vitro red blood cell glycation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111109. [PMID: 34728402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During diabetes, the characteristic hyperglycemia can induce red blood cell glycation. Several researchers have proposed different protocols to perform an in vitro model to study this phenomenon. In this article, some of the most important in vitro glycation protocols available in the bibliography were compared to each other. The incubation parameters as the suspension medium, glucose concentration, red blood cell concentration, time, and temperature were analyzed. Also, several assays were carried out in our laboratory, and glycated hemoglobin, erythrocyte aggregation and viscoelasticity were determined for the protocol validation. Based on the bibliographic analysis and our experimental results, an optimal protocol for in vitro glycation of red blood cells is presented.
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Sharma I, Liao Y, Zheng X, Kanwar YS. New Pandemic: Obesity and Associated Nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:673556. [PMID: 34268323 PMCID: PMC8275856 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.673556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of obesity related renal disorders have increased 10-folds in recent years. One of the consequences of obesity is an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that leads to the enlargement of the renal glomerulus, i.e., glomerulomegaly. This heightened hyper-filtration in the setting of type 2 diabetes irreparably damages the kidney and leads to progression of end stage renal disease (ESRD). The patients suffering from type 2 diabetes have progressive proteinuria, and eventually one third of them develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESRD. For ameliorating the progression of CKD, inhibitors of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) seemed to be effective, but on a short-term basis only. Long term and stable treatment strategies like weight loss via restricted or hypo-caloric diet or bariatric surgery have yielded better promising results in terms of amelioration of proteinuria and maintenance of normal GFR. Body mass index (BMI) is considered as a traditional marker for the onset of obesity, but apparently, it is not a reliable indicator, and thus there is a need for more precise evaluation of regional fat distribution and amount of muscle mass. With respect to the pathogenesis, recent investigations have suggested perturbation in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism as the critical mediators in ectopic renal lipid accumulation associated with inflammation, increased generation of ROS, RAAS activation and consequential tubulo-interstitial injury. This review summarizes the renewed approaches for the obesity assessment and evaluation of the pathogenesis of CKD, altered renal hemodynamics and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Senatus L, MacLean M, Arivazhagan L, Egaña-Gorroño L, López-Díez R, Manigrasso MB, Ruiz HH, Vasquez C, Wilson R, Shekhtman A, Gugger PF, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Inflammation Meets Metabolism: Roles for the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Axis in Cardiovascular Disease. IMMUNOMETABOLISM 2021; 3:e210024. [PMID: 34178389 PMCID: PMC8232874 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20210024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental modulation of energy metabolism in immune cells is increasingly being recognized for the ability to impart important changes in cellular properties. In homeostasis, cells of the innate immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are enabled to respond rapidly to various forms of acute cellular and environmental stress, such as pathogens. In chronic stress milieus, these cells may undergo a re-programming, thereby triggering processes that may instigate tissue damage and failure of resolution. In settings of metabolic dysfunction, moieties such as excess sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) accumulate in the tissues and may form advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are signaling ligands for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). In addition, cellular accumulation of cholesterol species such as that occurring upon macrophage engulfment of dead/dying cells, presents these cells with a major challenge to metabolize/efflux excess cholesterol. RAGE contributes to reduced expression and activities of molecules mediating cholesterol efflux. This Review chronicles examples of the roles that sugars and cholesterol, via RAGE, play in immune cells in instigation of maladaptive cellular signaling and the mediation of chronic cellular stress. At this time, emerging roles for the ligand-RAGE axis in metabolism-mediated modulation of inflammatory signaling in immune cells are being unearthed and add to the growing body of factors underlying pathological immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senatus
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael MacLean
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lakshmi Arivazhagan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lander Egaña-Gorroño
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michaele B. Manigrasso
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Henry H. Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carolina Vasquez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robin Wilson
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Paul F. Gugger
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Handayani D, Febrianingsih E, Desi Kurniawati A, Kusumastuty I, Nurmalitasari S, Widyanto RM, Oktaviani DN, Maghfirotun Innayah A, Sulistyowati E. High-fructose diet initially promotes increased aortic wall thickness, liver steatosis, and cardiac histopathology deterioration, but does not increase body fat index. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:2181. [PMID: 33855398 PMCID: PMC8129768 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fats and fructose have been responsible for inducing obesity and body tissues damage due to the consequence of metabolic syndrome through several mechanisms. The body fat index (BFI) is one of the anthropometric measures used to detect obesity in rats. This study aims to examine the correlation between high-fat high-fructose diet and liver steatosis cell count, early atherosclerosis characteristics, and BFI in Sprague Dawley Rats. DESIGN AND METHODS This was an experimental design using 2 groups of 12-weeks-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The control group received a standard diet and tap water beverages for 17 weeks. The intervention group was fed with high-fat diet from modified AIN 93-M and additional 30% fructose drink. We analyzed the foam cell count, aortic wall thickness, cardiac histopathology, and liver steatosis cell count after the sacrifice process. RESULTS The rats in the intervention group had a higher aortic wall thickness, liver steatosis, and foam cell count (+125%, p<0.01; +317%, p<0.01 and +165%, p<0.01 respectively) compared to the control group. The intervention group also showed higher mononuclear inflammatory and hypertrophic cell count. A significant positive correlation was found between dietary fructose with premature atherosclerosis by increasing foam cell count (r=0.66) and aortic wall thickness (r=0.68). In addition, 30% dietary fructose increased liver steatosis (r =0.69) and mononuclear inflammatory cardiac cell count (r=0.61). Interestingly, the intervention had no effect on BFI (p>0.5; r=0.13). CONCLUSIONS Dietary fat and fructose consumption for 17 weeks promote atherosclerosis, liver steatosis, and cardiac histopathology alteration without increasing BFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Handayani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
| | | | | | - Inggita Kusumastuty
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
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Zhou C, He Q, Gan H, Zeng T, Liu Q, Moorhead JF, Varghese Z, Ouyang N, Ruan XZ. Hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease exacerbates atherosclerosis via a mannosidases-mediated complex-type conversion of SCAP N-glycans. Kidney Int 2021; 99:1342-1353. [PMID: 33631226 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood phosphate levels are linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Emerging studies indicate an involvement of hyperphosphatemia in CKD accelerated atherogenesis through disturbed cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we investigated a potential atherogenic role of high phosphate concentrations acting through aberrant activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and cleavage-activating protein (SCAP)-SREBP2 signaling in patients with CKD, hyperphosphatemic apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice, and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Hyperphosphatemia correlated positively with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese patients with CKD and severe atheromatous lesions in the aortas of ApoE knockout mice. Mice arteries had elevated SCAP levels with aberrantly activated SCAP-SREBP2 signaling. Excess phosphate in vitro raised the activity of α-mannosidase, resulting in delayed SCAP degradation through promoting complex-type conversion of SCAP N-glycans. The retention of SCAP enhanced transactivation of SREBP2 and expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, boosting intracellular cholesterol synthesis. Elevated α-mannosidase II activity was also observed in the aortas of ApoE knockout mice and the radial arteries of patients with uremia and hyperphosphatemia. High phosphate concentration in vitro elevated α-mannosidase II activity in the Golgi, enhanced complex-type conversion of SCAP N-glycans, thereby upregulating intracellular cholesterol synthesis. Thus, our studies explain how hyperphosphatemia independently accelerates atherosclerosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - John F Moorhead
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zac Varghese
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Kim DH, Chun SY, Lee E, Kim B, Yoon B, Gil H, Han MH, Ha YS, Lee JN, Kwon TG, Kim BS, Jang BI. IL-10 Deficiency Aggravates Renal Inflammation, Fibrosis and Functional Failure in High-Fat Dieted Obese Mice. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:399-410. [PMID: 33547567 PMCID: PMC8169746 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High-fat diet-induced obesity is one of the major cause of chronic renal failure. This obesity-related renal failure is mainly caused by inflammatory processes. However, the role of the major anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has not been researched intensively. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of IL-10 deficiency on obesity-related renal failure, the in vivo study was carried with four animal groups; (1) Low-fat dieted C57BL/6 mice, (2) Low-fat dieted IL-10 knockout (KO) mice, (3) High‐fat dieted C57BL/6 mice and (4) High‐fat dieted IL-10 KO mice group. The analysis was carried with blood/urine chemistry, H&E, Oil-Red-O, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson’s trichrome staining immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods. RESULTS: At week 12, high‐fat dieted IL-10 KO mice showed 1) severe lipid accumulation in kidneys, cholesterol elevation (in total, serum kidney) and low-density lipoprotein increasion through the SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr pathway; (2) serious histopathologic alterations showing glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and immune cell infiltration; (3) increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression; (4) enhanced renal fibrosis; and (5) serious functional failure with high serum creatinine and BUN and proteinuria excretion compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: IL-10 deficiency aggravates renal inflammation, fibrosis and functional failure in high-fat dieted obese mice, thus IL-10 therapy could be applied to obesity-related chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research Support Team, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - EunHye Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - BoHyun Yoon
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejung Gil
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Hoon Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Anwar S, Khan S, Almatroudi A, Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Almatroodi SA, Rahmani AH. A review on mechanism of inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation by plant derived polyphenolic compounds. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:787-805. [PMID: 33389535 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are naturally occurring biomolecules formed by interaction of reducing sugars with biomolecules such as protein and lipids etc., Long term high blood sugar level and glycation accelerate the formation of AGEs. Unchecked continuous formation and accumulation of AGEs are potential risks for pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. Current mode of antidiabetic therapy is based on synthetic drugs that are often linked with severe adverse effects. Polyphenolic compounds derived from plants are supposed to inhibit glycation and formation of AGEs at multiple levels. Some polyphenolic compounds regulate the blood glucose metabolism by amplification of cell insulin resistance and activation of insulin like growth factor binding protein signaling pathway. Their antioxidant nature and metal chelating activity, ability to trap intermediate dicarbonyl compounds could be possible mechanisms against glycation and AGEs formation and hence, against AGEs induced health complications. Although, few species of polyphenolic compounds are being used in in vitro trials and their in vivo study is still in progress, increasing the area of research in this field may produce a fruitful approach in management of overall diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shifa Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, JNMC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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The cellular function of SCAP in metabolic signaling. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:724-729. [PMID: 32385422 PMCID: PMC7272406 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage activating protein (SCAP) is a key regulator of SREBP maturation. SCAP induces translocation of SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, allowing it to regulate cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Previous studies have shown that suppression of SREBP activation in SCAP conditional knockout mice reduced the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides, which eventually causes the development of metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. However, despite the significance of SCAP as a regulator of SREBP, its function has not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we have summarized the function of SCAP and its regulatory proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent studies regarding SCAP as a possible therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia.
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14
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Usal M, Regnault C, Veyrenc S, Couturier K, Batandier C, Bulteau AL, Lejon D, Combourieu B, Lafond T, Raveton M, Reynaud S. Concomitant exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and triclosan at environmentally relevant concentrations induces metabolic syndrome with multigenerational consequences in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:149-159. [PMID: 31271984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that amphibians are highly sensitive to endocrine disruptors (ED) but their precise role in population decline remains unknown. This study shows that frogs exposed to a mixture of ED throughout their life cycle, at environmentally relevant concentrations, developed an unexpected metabolic syndrome. Female Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis exposed to a mixture of benzo[a]pyrene and triclosan (50 ng·L-1 each) from the tadpole stage developed liver steatosis and transcriptomic signature associated with glucose intolerance syndrome, and pancreatic insulin hyper secretion typical of pre-diabetes. These metabolic disorders were associated with delayed metamorphosis and developmental mortality in their progeny, both of which have been linked to reduced adult recruitment and reproductive success. Indeed, F1 females were smaller and lighter and presented reduced reproductive capacities, demonstrating a reduced fitness of ED-exposed Xenopus. Our results confirm that amphibians are highly sensitive to ED even at concentrations considered to be safe for other animals. This study demonstrates that ED might be considered as direct contributing factors to amphibian population decline, due to their disruption of energetic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Usal
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Regnault
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Veyrenc
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - David Lejon
- Rovaltain Research Company, F26300 Alixan, France.
| | | | - Thomas Lafond
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Xénopes, Univ. Rennes 1, CNRS, UMS 3387 Rennes, France.
| | - Muriel Raveton
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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15
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Dietary Glycotoxins Impair Hepatic Lipidemic Profile in Diet-Induced Obese Rats Causing Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6362910. [PMID: 31341532 PMCID: PMC6614994 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6362910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excessive liver lipid accumulation, but insulin resistance is specifically associated with impaired lipid saturation, oxidation, and storage (esterification), besides increased de novo lipogenesis. We hypothesized that dietary glycotoxins could impair hepatic lipid metabolism in obesity contributing to lipotoxicity-driven insulin resistance and thus to the onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In diet-induced obese rats with methylglyoxal-induced glycation, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography were used to assess liver composition in fatty acyl chains and phospholipids. High-fat diet-induced obesity increased liver lipid fraction and suppressed de novo lipogenesis but did not change fatty acid esterification and saturation or insulin sensitivity. Despite a similar increase in total lipid fraction when supplementing the high-fat diet with dietary glycotoxins, impairment in the suppression of de novo lipogenesis and decreased fatty acid unsaturation and esterification were observed. Moreover, glycotoxins also decreased polyunsaturated cardiolipins and caused oxidative stress, portal inflammation, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Dietary glycated products do not change total lipid levels in the liver of obese rats but dramatically modify the lipidemic profile, leading to oxidative stress, hepatic lipotoxicity, and insulin resistance in obesity and thus contribute to the onset of NASH.
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16
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Jiang W, Wang R, Liu D, Zuo M, Zhao C, Zhang T, Li W. Protective Effects of Kaempferitrin on Advanced Glycation End Products Induce Mesangial Cell Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3334. [PMID: 30373106 PMCID: PMC6274833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) both play important roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies have identified glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) injury as a key early risk factor in the development of DN. Kaempferitrin (KM) is a potent antioxidant with hypoglycemic action. Although KM is known to protect against AGE-induced damage in GMCs, the effects and the mechanisms by which they occur are poorly understood. In this study, cultured rat GMCs were exposed to AGE-induced oxidative stress (OS) to model DN in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were studied using commercial kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was measured by rhodamine 123. Hoechst 33258 and annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining were performed to observe the apoptosis states in GMCs, whereas apoptosis and protective mechanism in AGE-induced GMCs were investigated by Western blot. The data revealed that KM effectively increased SOD activity, decreased MDA levels, suppressed ROS generation, and protected against OS in AGE-induced GMCs. Treatment with KM also inhibited the expression of collagen IV and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), improved mitochondrial membrane potential recovery, and suppressed the mitochondrial/cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis pathway through the expression of anti-apoptotic factors in GMCs in vitro. These findings suggest that KM may be a new potential agent in the treatment of DN in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Rongshen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Di Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Min Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Chunzhen Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Wanzhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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17
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Ouyang N, Gan H, He Q, Lei H, Wang SY, Liu Q, Zhou C. Dysfunction of cholesterol sensor SCAP promotes inflammation activation in THP-1 macrophages. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:162-169. [PMID: 29596892 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk occurs between dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation, which are both precipitants of atherosclerosis. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) plays a key role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. The present study investigated the effects of SCAP dysfunction on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and lipid metabolism in THP-1 macrophages. Intracellular cholesterol content was assessed by Oil Red O staining and quantitative assays. The expression of SCAP, HMGCR, pro-IL-1β and N-SREBP2, p65(N) in the nucleus were examined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The level of secretary proteins IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. The translocation of SCAP from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi was detected by confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrated that over-expression of SCAP significantly increased the expression of HMGCR, pro-IL-1β in the cytoplasm, and mature IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1 in the supernatants, while knocking down SCAP dramatically decreased the expression of these molecules. Betulin effectively suppressed the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in the SCAP over-expressed THP-1 macrophages, but did not affect the expression of inflammatory cytokines, indicating that the pro-inflammatory effect of SCAP was independent of its routine role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms mediating the crosstalk between dyslipidemia and inflammatory responses. Knocking down SCAP attenuated LPS-induced IκB phosphorylation and reduced the nuclear level of p65, while over-expression of SCAP increased the nuclear level of p65. Knocking down p65 abolished the proinflammatory effect represented by elevated expression of the inflammatory mediators in the SCAP over-expressed THP-1 macrophages, suggesting that SCAP dysfunction stimulated inflammatory responses via activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the cholesterol sensor SCAP plays a role in regulating the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in THP-1 macrophages. SCAP mediates the inflammatory response via activating the NF-κB pathway. This new function of SCAP is independent of its role in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Stephen Y Wang
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Rd, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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18
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Kidney, heart and brain: three organs targeted by ageing and glycation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1069-1092. [PMID: 28515343 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) is the generic term for a heterogeneous group of derivatives arising from a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that incriminates AGEs in pathogenic processes associated with both chronic hyperglycaemia and age-related diseases. Regardless of their exogenous or endogenous origin, the accumulation of AGEs and their derivatives could promote accelerated ageing by leading to protein modifications and activating several inflammatory signalling pathways via AGE-specific receptors. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether preventing the accumulation of AGEs and their effects is an important therapeutic option for successful ageing. The present review gives an overview of the current knowledge on the pathogenic role of AGEs by focusing on three AGE target organs: kidney, heart and brain. For each of these organs we concentrate on an age-related disease, each of which is a major public health issue: chronic kidney disease, heart dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Even though strong connections have been highlighted between glycation and age-related pathogenesis, causal links still need to be validated. In each case, we report evidence and uncertainties suggested by animal or epidemiological studies on the possible link between pathogenesis and glycation in a chronic hyperglycaemic state, in the absence of diabetes, and with exogenous AGEs alone. Finally, we present some promising anti-AGE strategies that are currently being studied.
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Dietary Sugars and Endogenous Formation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Emerging Mechanisms of Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040385. [PMID: 28420091 PMCID: PMC5409724 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in metabolic diseases, which occurred in the last three decades in both industrialized and developing countries, has been related to the rise in sugar-added foods and sweetened beverages consumption. An emerging topic in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases related to modern nutrition is the role of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs). AGEs can be ingested with high temperature processed foods, but also endogenously formed as a consequence of a high dietary sugar intake. Animal models of high sugar consumption, in particular fructose, have reported AGE accumulation in different tissues in association with peripheral insulin resistance and lipid metabolism alterations. The in vitro observation that fructose is one of the most rapid and effective glycating agents when compared to other sugars has prompted the investigation of the in vivo fructose-induced glycation. In particular, the widespread employment of fructose as sweetener has been ascribed by many experimental and observational studies for the enhancement of lipogenesis and intracellular lipid deposition. Indeed, diet-derived AGEs have been demonstrated to interfere with many cell functions such as lipid synthesis, inflammation, antioxidant defences, and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, emerging evidence also in humans suggest that this impact of dietary AGEs on different signalling pathways can contribute to the onset of organ damage in liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and the brain, affecting not only metabolic control, but global health. Indeed, the most recent reports on the effects of high sugar consumption and diet-derived AGEs on human health reviewed here suggest the need to limit the dietary sources of AGEs, including added sugars, to prevent the development of metabolic diseases and related comorbidities.
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Xu L, Wang YR, Li PC, Feng B. Advanced glycation end products increase lipids accumulation in macrophages through upregulation of receptor of advanced glycation end products: increasing uptake, esterification and decreasing efflux of cholesterol. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:161. [PMID: 27644038 PMCID: PMC5028926 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports have suggested that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. Our previous study have found that AGEs can increase the lipid droplets accumulation in aortas of diabetic rats, but the current understanding of the mechanisms remains incomplete by which AGEs affect lipids accumulation in macrophages and accelerate atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the role of AGEs on lipids accumulation in macrophages and the possible molecular mechanisms including cholesterol influx, esterification and efflux of macrophages. Methods THP-1 cells were incubated with PMA to differentiate to be macrophages which were treated with AGEs in the concentration of 300 μg/ml and 600 μg/ml with or without anti-RAGE (receptor for AGEs) antibody and then stimulated by oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) or Dil-oxLDL. Lipids accumulation was examined by oil red staining. The cholesterol uptake, esterification and efflux were detected respectively by fluorescence microscope, enzymatic assay kit and fluorescence microplate. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure expression of the moleculars involved in cholesterol uptake, synthesis/esterification and efflux. Results AGEs increased lipids accumulation in macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. 600 μg/ml AGEs obviously upregulated oxLDL uptake, increased levels of cholesterol ester in macrophages, and decreased the HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux by regulating the main molecular expression including CD36, Scavenger receptors (SR) A2, HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), ACAT1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1). The changes above were inversed when the cells were pretreated with anti-RAGE antibody. Conclusions The current study suggest that AGEs can increase lipids accumulation in macrophages by regulating cholesterol uptake, esterification and efflux mainly through binding with RAGE, which provide a deep understanding of mechanisms how AGEs accelerating diabetic atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Endocriology and Metabolic Disease, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yi-Ru Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Pei-Cheng Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Endocriology and Metabolic Disease, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China. .,, Ji-mo Road 150, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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El-Mahdy NA, El-Sayad MES, El-Kadem AH. Combination of telmisartan with sildenafil ameliorate progression of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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22
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Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:453-71. [PMID: 27263398 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-related glomerulopathy is increasing in parallel with the worldwide obesity epidemic. Glomerular hypertrophy and adaptive focal segmental glomerulosclerosis define the condition pathologically. The glomerulus enlarges in response to obesity-induced increases in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, filtration fraction and tubular sodium reabsorption. Normal insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mTOR signalling are critical for podocyte hypertrophy and adaptation. Adipokines and ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidney promote insulin resistance of podocytes and maladaptive responses to cope with the mechanical forces of renal hyperfiltration. Although most patients have stable or slowly progressive proteinuria, up to one-third develop progressive renal failure and end-stage renal disease. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade is effective in the short-term but weight loss by hypocaloric diet or bariatric surgery has induced more consistent and dramatic antiproteinuric effects and reversal of hyperfiltration. Altered fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism are increasingly recognized as key mediators of renal lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Newer therapies directed to lipid metabolism, including SREBP antagonists, PPARα agonists, FXR and TGR5 agonists, and LXR agonists, hold therapeutic promise.
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23
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Maessen DE, Brouwers O, Gaens KH, Wouters K, Cleutjens JP, Janssen BJ, Miyata T, Stehouwer CD, Schalkwijk CG. Delayed Intervention With Pyridoxamine Improves Metabolic Function and Prevents Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:956-66. [PMID: 26718500 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and vascular complications. Advanced glycation end products are increased in adipose tissue and have been associated with insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, and inflammation of adipose tissue. Here, we report that delayed intervention with pyridoxamine (PM), a vitamin B6 analog that has been identified as an antiglycating agent, protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced body weight gain, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia, compared with mice that were not treated. In both HFD-induced and db/db obese mice, impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were prevented by PM supplementation. PM inhibited the expansion of adipose tissue and adipocyte hypertrophy in mice. In addition, adipogenesis of murine 3T3-L1 and human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome preadipocytes was dose- and time-dependently reduced by PM, as demonstrated by Oil Red O staining and reduced expression of adipogenic differentiation genes. No ectopic fat deposition was found in the liver of HFD mice. The high expression of proinflammatory genes in visceral adipose tissue of the HFD group was significantly attenuated by PM. Treatment with PM partially prevented HFD-induced mild vascular dysfunction. Altogether, these findings highlight the potential of PM to serve as an intervention strategy in obesity.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/pathology
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/metabolism
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/pathology
- Gigantism/metabolism
- Gigantism/pathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/metabolism
- Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology
- Humans
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Insulin Resistance
- Intellectual Disability/metabolism
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Panniculitis/metabolism
- Panniculitis/prevention & control
- Pyridoxamine/administration & dosage
- Time-to-Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne E Maessen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf Brouwers
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katrien H Gaens
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jack P Cleutjens
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ben J Janssen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Pharmacology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Toshio Miyata
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Coen D Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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24
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Zhang Y, Ma KL, Ruan XZ, Liu BC. Dysregulation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Pathway Is Involved in Lipid Disorder-Mediated Organ Injury. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:569-79. [PMID: 27019638 PMCID: PMC4807419 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway is a negative feedback system that plays important roles in the regulation of plasma and intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. To maintain a cholesterol homeostasis, LDLR expression is tightly regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in transcriptional level and by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in posttranscriptional level. The dysregulation of LDLR expression results in abnormal lipid accumulation in cells and tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatic cells, renal mesangial cells, renal tubular cells and podocytes. It has been demonstrated that inflammation, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, and hyperglycemia induce the disruption of LDLR pathway, which might contribute to lipid disorder-mediated organ injury (atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney fibrosis, etc). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a critical mediator in the disruption of LDLR pathway caused by pathogenic factors. The mTOR complex1 activation upregulates LDLR expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, consequently resulting in lipid deposition. This paper mainly reviews the mechanisms for the dysregulation of LDLR pathway and its roles in lipid disorder-mediated organ injury under various pathogenic conditions. Understanding these mechanisms leading to the abnormality of LDLR expression contributes to find potential new drug targets in lipid disorder-mediated diseases.
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25
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Mastrocola R, Nigro D, Chiazza F, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Boccuzzi G, Collino M, Aragno M. Fructose-derived advanced glycation end-products drive lipogenesis and skeletal muscle reprogramming via SREBP-1c dysregulation in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:224-35. [PMID: 26721591 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) have been recently related to the onset of metabolic diseases and related complications. Moreover, recent findings indicate that AGEs can endogenously be formed by high dietary sugars, in particular by fructose which is widely used as added sweetener in foods and drinks. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a high-fructose diet and the causal role of fructose-derived AGEs in mice skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism. C57Bl/6J mice were fed a standard diet (SD) or a 60% fructose diet (HFRT) for 12 weeks. Two subgroups of SD and HFRT mice received the anti-glycative compound pyridoxamine (150 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. At the end of protocol high levels of AGEs were detected in both plasma and gastrocnemius muscle of HFRT mice associated to impaired expression of AGE-detoxifying AGE-receptor 1. In gastrocnemius, AGEs upregulated the lipogenesis by multiple interference on SREBP-1c through downregulation of the SREBP-inhibiting enzyme SIRT-1 and increased glycation of the SREBP-activating protein SCAP. The AGEs-induced SREBP-1c activation affected the expression of myogenic regulatory factors leading to alterations in fiber type composition, associated with reduced mitochondrial efficiency and muscular strength. Interestingly, pyridoxamine inhibited AGEs generation, thus counteracting all the fructose-induced alterations. The unsuspected involvement of diet-derived AGEs in muscle metabolic derangements and proteins reprogramming opens new perspectives in pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mastrocola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - D Nigro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - F Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - C Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - F Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - G Boccuzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - M Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - M Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
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26
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Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products and activation of the SCAP/SREBP Lipogenetic pathway occur in diet-induced obese mouse skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119587. [PMID: 25750996 PMCID: PMC4353621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate whether advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulate in skeletal myofibers of two different animal models of diabesity and whether this accumulation could be associated to myosteatosis. Male C57Bl/6j mice and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice were divided into three groups and underwent 15 weeks of dietary manipulation: standard diet-fed C57 group (C57, n = 10), high-fat high-sugar diet-fed C57 group (HFHS, n = 10), and standard diet-fed ob/ob group (OB/OB, n = 8). HFHS mice and OB/OB mice developed glycometabolic abnormalities in association with decreased mass of the gastrocnemius muscle, fast-to-slow transition of muscle fibers, and lipid accumulation (that occurred preferentially in slow compared to fast fibers). Moreover, we found in muscle fibers of HFHS and OB/OB mice accumulation of AGEs that was preferential for the lipid-accumulating cells, increased expression of the lipogenic pathway SCAP/SREBP, and co-localisation between AGEs and SCAP-(hyper)expressing cells (suggestive for SCAP glycosylation). The increased expression of the SCAP/SREBP lipogenic pathway in muscle fibers is a possible mechanism underlying lipid accumulation and linking myosteatosis to muscle fiber atrophy and fast-to-slow transition that occur in response to diabesity.
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27
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Mao M, Lei H, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhao L, Li Q, Luo S, Zuo Z, He Q, Huang W, Zhang N, Zhou C, Ruan XZ. Effects of miR-33a-5P on ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux under inflammatory stress in THP-1 macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109722. [PMID: 25329888 PMCID: PMC4201478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is to investigate whether inflammatory cytokines inhibit ABCA1/ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux by regulating miR-33a-5P in THP-1 macrophages. We used interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the presence or absence of native low density lipoprotein (LDL) to stimulate THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 macrophages were infected by either control lentivirus vectors or lentivirus encoding miR-33a-5P or antisense miR-33a-5P. The effects of inflammatory cytokines, miR-33a-5P and antisense miR-33a-5P on intracellular lipids accumulation and intracellular cholesterol contents were assessed by oil red O staining and quantitative intracellular cholesterol assay. ApoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux was examined using the fluorescent sterol (BODIPY-cholesterol). The gene and protein expressions of the molecules involved in cholesterol trafficking were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Inflammatory cytokines or miR-33a-5P increased intracellular lipid accumulation and decreased apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux via decreasing the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the absence or presence of LDL in THP-1 macrophages. However, antisense miR-33a-5P reversed the effects of inflammatory cytokines on intracellular lipid accumulation, cholesterol efflux, and the expression of miR-33a-5P, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the absence or presence of LDL in THP-1 macrophages. This study indicated that inflammatory cytokines inhibited ABCA1/ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux by up-regulating miR-33a-5P in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Z. Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Mahali SK, Verma N, Manna SK. Advanced Glycation End Products Induce Lipogenesis: Regulation by Natural Xanthone through Inhibition of ERK and NF-κB. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1972-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha K. Mahali
- Laboratory of Immunology; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics; Nampally Hyderabad India
| | - Neeharika Verma
- Laboratory of Immunology; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics; Nampally Hyderabad India
| | - Sunil K. Manna
- Laboratory of Immunology; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics; Nampally Hyderabad India
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29
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Enhanced SCAP glycosylation by inflammation induces macrophage foam cell formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75650. [PMID: 24146768 PMCID: PMC3797718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory stress promotes foam cell formation by disrupting LDL receptor feedback regulation in macrophages. Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins (SREBPs) Cleavage-Activating Protein (SCAP) glycosylation plays crucial roles in regulating LDL receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCoAR) feedback regulation. The present study was to investigate if inflammatory stress disrupts LDL receptor and HMGCoAR feedback regulation by affecting SCAP glycosylation in THP-1 macrophages. Intracellular cholesterol content was assessed by Oil Red O staining and quantitative assay. The expression of molecules controlling cholesterol homeostasis was examined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The translocation of SCAP from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi was detected by confocal microscopy. We demonstrated that exposure to inflammatory cytokines increased lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages, accompanying with an increased SCAP expression even in the presence of a high concentration of LDL. These inflammatory cytokines also prolonged the half-life of SCAP by enhancing glycosylation of SCAP due to the elevated expression of the Golgi mannosidase II. This may enhance translocation and recycling of SCAP between the ER and the Golgi, escorting more SREBP2 from the ER to the Golgi for activation by proteolytic cleavages as evidenced by an increased N-terminal of SREBP2 (active form). As a consequence, the LDL receptor and HMGCoAR expression were up-regulated. Interestingly, these effects could be blocked by inhibitors of Golgi mannosidases. Our results indicated that inflammation increased native LDL uptake and endogenous cholesterol de novo synthesis, thereby causing foam cell formation via increasing transcription and protein glycosylation of SCAP in macrophages. These data imply that inhibitors of Golgi processing enzymes might have a potential vascular-protective role in prevention of atherosclerotic foam cell formation.
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30
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Mastrocola R, Collino M, Rogazzo M, Medana C, Nigro D, Boccuzzi G, Aragno M. Advanced glycation end products promote hepatosteatosis by interfering with SCAP-SREBP pathway in fructose-drinking mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G398-407. [PMID: 23868406 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00450.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have linked the increased consumption of fructose to the development of obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance, and a role in hepatosteatosis development is presumed. Fructose can undergo a nonenzymatic reaction from which advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are derived, leading to the formation of dysfunctional, fructosylated proteins; however, the in vivo formation of AGEs from fructose is still less known than that from glucose. In the present study C57Bl/6J mice received 15% (wt/vol) fructose (FRT) or 15% (wt/vol) glucose (GLC) in water to drink for 30 wk, resembling human habit to consume sugary drinks. At the end of the protocol both FRT- and GLC-drinking mice had increased fasting glycemia, glucose intolerance, altered plasma lipid profile, and marked hepatosteatosis. FRT mice had higher hepatic triglycerides deposition than GLC, paralleled by a greater increased expression and activity of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), the transcription factor responsible for the de novo lipogenesis, and of its activating protein SCAP. LC-MS analysis showed a different pattern of AGE production in liver tissue between FRT and GLC mice, with larger amount of carboxymethyl lysine (CML) generated by fructose. Double immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed an interaction between CML and SCAP that could lead to prolonged activation of SREBP1. Overall, the high levels of CML and activation of SCAP/SREBP pathway associated to high fructose exposure here reported may suggest a key role of this signaling pathway in mediating fructose-induced lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mastrocola
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Univ. of Turin, C.so Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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31
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Li LC, Varghese Z, Moorhead JF, Lee CT, Chen JB, Ruan XZ. Cross-talk between TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB and SCAP-SREBP2 pathways mediates macrophage foam cell formation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H874-84. [PMID: 23335792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00096.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and NF-κB play central roles in mediating signal transduction of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily in human macrophages. The feedback regulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR) are mediated by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP)-SREBP2 pathway and are key regulatory elements for cholesterol homeostasis in human cells. This study was designed to investigate cross-talk between TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB and SCAP-SREBP2 pathways in macrophage foam cell formation. phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated THP-1 macrophages were transfected with negative control or MyD88 small interfering (si)RNA. Transfected cells were incubated with LPS in the absence or presence of LDL or IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor (BMS-345541). Intracellular cholesterol content was assessed. mRNA and protein expression of LDLR, HMG-CoAR, SCAP, and SREBP2 were examined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Intracellular translocation of SCAP in the organelles was detected by immunofluorecence and confocal microscopy. We demonstrated that LPS-induced cholesterol accumulation was attenuated by applying siRNA against MyD88 in the absence or presence of LDL. LPS increased both gene and protein expression of LDLR and HMG-CoAR by increasing expression and abnormal translocation of SCAP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. These effects were blocked by knockdown of MyD88 or blockade of IKK or by knockdown of SCAP, suggesting that the cross-talk between NF-κB and SCAP plays an important role in macrophage foam cell formation and that interfering with the cross-talk might be a potential approach in preventing LPS-induced macrophage foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Chih Li
- John Moorhead Renal Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Retraction statement. Protective effects of quercetin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1580. [PMID: 23280688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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33
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Sun H, Yuan Y, Sun ZL. Cholesterol Contributes to Diabetic Nephropathy through SCAP-SREBP-2 Pathway. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:592576. [PMID: 24369464 PMCID: PMC3863482 DOI: 10.1155/2013/592576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been associated with the presence of lipid deposition. We hypothesized that the disruption of intracellular cholesterol feedback may contribute to DN. Diabetes was induced by high fat/sucrose diet and low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Then diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups: untreated diabetic group (DM) and atorvastatin-treated group (DM + AT). We found that the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as 24-hour urine protein and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, were significantly increased in diabetic rats. This result indicated that the diabetic rats suffered from functional renal damage. We also observed lipid droplet accumulation and increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and SREBP-cleavage activating protein (SCAP) in the kidneys of diabetic rats. However, atorvastatin ameliorated renal lipid accumulation and improved the renal function of diabetic rats despite an increase in mRNA and protein expressions of HMG-CoAR, LDLr, and SREBP-2. These results demonstrated that intracellular cholesterol feedback regulation is disrupted in rats with type 2 diabetes, thereby causing renal cholesterol accumulation. Atorvastatin ameliorated renal cholesterol accumulation by reducing renal cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- *Yang Yuan:
| | - Zi-Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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34
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Hao HH, Shao ZM, Tang DQ, Lu Q, Chen X, Yin XX, Wu J, Chen H. Preventive effects of rutin on the development of experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. Life Sci 2012; 91:959-67. [PMID: 23000098 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important microvascular complication and one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease. In this study, the preventive effect and mechanism of rutin on the development of DN in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. MAIN METHODS After an early DN model was induced by STZ, rats were orally administered rutin at 3 doses for 10 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine protein, kidney index, antioxidase, advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen IV and laminin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), phosphorylated Smad 2/3 (p-Smad 2/3) and Smad 7 (p-Smad 7), and transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGF-β(1)) were determined by different methods, respectively. The ultrastructural morphology was observed by a transmission electron microscope. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the DN group, rutin decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, Cr, BUN, urine protein, the intensity of oxidative stress and p-Smad 7 significantly. The expression of AGEs, collagen IV and laminin, TGF-β(1), p-Smad 2/3 and CTGF was inhibited by rutin significantly. Moreover, rutin was observed to inhibit proliferation of mesangial cells and decrease thickness of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by electron microscopy. SIGNIFICANCE The preventive effect of rutin on the development of DN is closely related to oxidative stress and the TGF-β(1)/Smad/ECM and TGF-β(1)/CTGF/ECM signaling pathways. Those results suggest that rutin can prevent the development of experimental DN in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-hui Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China
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