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Bărar AA, Pralea IE, Maslyennikov Y, Munteanu R, Berindan-Neagoe I, Pîrlog R, Rusu I, Nuțu A, Rusu CC, Moldovan DT, Potra AR, Tirinescu D, Ticala M, Elec FI, Iuga CA, Kacso IM. Minimal Change Disease: Pathogenetic Insights from Glomerular Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5613. [PMID: 38891801 PMCID: PMC11171934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying podocyte dysfunction in minimal change disease (MCD) remains unknown. This study aimed to shed light on the potential pathophysiology of MCD using glomerular proteomic analysis. Shotgun proteomics using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) renal biopsies from two groups of samples: control (CTR) and MCD. Glomeruli were excised from FFPE renal biopsies using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and a single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3) digestion method was used to improve yield and protein identifications. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a distinct separation between the CTR and MCD groups. Forty-eight proteins with different abundance between the two groups (p-value ≤ 0.05 and |FC| ≥ 1.5) were identified. These may represent differences in podocyte structure, as well as changes in endothelial or mesangial cells and extracellular matrix, and some were indeed found in several of these structures. However, most differentially expressed proteins were linked to the podocyte cytoskeleton and its dynamics. Some of these proteins are known to be involved in focal adhesion (NID1 and ITGA3) or slit diaphragm signaling (ANXA2, TJP1 and MYO1C), while others are structural components of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton of podocytes (ACTR3 and NES). This study suggests the potential of mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomic analysis with LCM glomeruli to yield valuable insights into the pathogenesis of podocytopathies like MCD. The most significantly dysregulated proteins in MCD could be attributable to cytoskeleton dysfunction or may be a compensatory response to cytoskeleton malfunction caused by various triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada Alina Bărar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Yuriy Maslyennikov
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Radu Pîrlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ioana Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Nuțu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Crina Claudia Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Diana Tania Moldovan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Alina Ramona Potra
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Maria Ticala
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Florin Ioan Elec
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ina Maria Kacso
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
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Achlaug L, Langier Goncalves I, Aronheim A. Cardioprotection and Suppression of Fibrosis by Diverse Cancer and Non-Cancer Cell Lines in a Murine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4273. [PMID: 38673859 PMCID: PMC11050177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic relationship between heart failure and cancer poses a dual challenge. While cardiac remodeling can promote cancer growth and metastasis, tumor development can ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and suppress fibrosis. However, the precise mechanism through which cancer influences the heart and fibrosis is yet to be uncovered. To further explore the interaction between heart failure and cancer, we used the MDX mouse model, which suffers from cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. A previous study from our lab demonstrated that tumor growth improves cardiac dysfunction and dampens fibrosis in the heart and diaphragm muscles of MDX mice. We used breast Polyoma middle T (PyMT) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cancer cell lines that developed into large tumors. To explore whether the aggressiveness of the cancer cell line is crucial for the beneficial phenotype, we employed a PyMT breast cancer cell line lacking integrin β1, representing a less aggressive cell line compared to the original PyMT cells. In addition, we examined immortalized and primary MEF cells. The injection of integrin β1 KO PyMT cancer cells and Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts cells (MEF) resulted in the improvement of cardiac function and decreased fibrosis in the heart, diaphragm, and skeletal muscles of MDX mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the cancer line aggressiveness as well as primary MEF cells are sufficient to impose the beneficial phenotype. These discoveries present potential novel clinical therapeutic approaches with beneficial outcome for patients with fibrotic diseases and cardiac dysfunction that do not require tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ami Aronheim
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel; (L.A.); (I.L.G.)
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3
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Langier Goncalves I, Awwad L, Aviram S, Izraeli T, Achlaug L, Aronheim A. Heart Failure Promotes Cancer Progression in an Integrin β1-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17367. [PMID: 38139195 PMCID: PMC10744241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure and cancer are currently the deadliest diseases in the Western world, posing the most pressing clinical challenges that remain unmet today. Both conditions share similar risk factors, including age, genetics, lifestyle, chronic inflammation, stress, and more. Furthermore, medications that are being used to counteract cancer frequently result in cardiotoxicity and the spontaneous emergence of heart failure. Thus, heart failure and cancer display an intimate connection and share similarities. Recent studies show that cardiac remodeling and heart failure promote cancer progression and metastasis. Using three different mouse models for heart failure revealed that the communication between the remodeled heart and the tumor is facilitated through multiple secreted factors. Among these factors, Periostin was consistently found to be elevated in all models and was shown to be required in vitro. Yet, whether Periostin is necessary for tumor promotion in vivo is unknown. Towards this end, we examined tumor promotion in mice lacking Periostin following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Despite the loss of Periostin, tumor growth was promoted in the TAC-operated mice. This likely occurred due to increased levels of various cytokines and growth factors in Periostin KO mice. Many of these factors are potential ligands of Integrin receptors. Therefore, we next studied the role of Integrin receptors in the tumor-promotion phenotype following heart failure. We generated cancer cells with an Integrin β1 loss of function mutation and examined tumor growth in the presence and absence of heart failure. Integrin β1 KO cancer cells fail to display cardiac-remodeling-dependent tumor-promotion. Interestingly, a previous study showed that renal cell carcinoma cells (Renca) fail to be promoted following a myocardial infarction. Consistently, we show that Renca cells do not respond to secreted factors derived from the failing heart both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, Renca cells display low basal mRNA levels of Integrin β1 which may explain the inability of heart failure to promote their growth. The findings may have significant clinical relevance to cardio-oncology patients who suffer from cancers with high levels of Integrin β1. Chemotherapy leading to cardiotoxicity in these patients may generate a vicious cycle with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ami Aronheim
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (I.L.G.); (L.A.); (S.A.); (T.I.); (L.A.)
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Deacon E, Li A, Boivin F, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Cunanan J, Bridgewater D. β-Catenin in the kidney stroma modulates pathways and genes to regulate kidney development. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1224-1239. [PMID: 37227110 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney development is regulated by cellular interactions between the ureteric epithelium, mesenchyme, and stroma. Previous studies demonstrate essential roles for stromal β-catenin in kidney development. However, how stromal β-catenin regulates kidney development is not known. We hypothesize that stromal β-catenin modulates pathways and genes that facilitate communications with neighboring cell populations to regulate kidney development. RESULTS We isolated purified stromal cells with wild type, deficient, and overexpressed β-catenin by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and conducted RNA Sequencing. A Gene Ontology network analysis demonstrated that stromal β-catenin modulates key kidney developmental processes, including branching morphogenesis, nephrogenesis and vascular formation. Specific stromal β-catenin candidate target genes that may mediate these effects included secreted, cell-surface and transcriptional factors that regulate branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis (Wnts, Bmp, Fgfr, Tcf/Lef) and secreted vascular guidance cues (Angpt1, VEGF, Sema3a). We validated established β-catenin targets including Lef1 and novel candidate β-catenin targets including Sema3e which have unknown roles in kidney development. CONCLUSIONS These studies advance our understanding of gene and biological pathway dysregulation in the context of stromal β-catenin misexpression during kidney development. Our findings suggest that during normal kidney development, stromal β-catenin may regulate secreted and cell-surface proteins to communicate with adjacent cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Deacon
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Li
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felix Boivin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Cunanan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Klämbt V, Buerger F, Wang C, Naert T, Richter K, Nauth T, Weiss AC, Sieckmann T, Lai E, Connaughton DM, Seltzsam S, Mann N, Majmundar AJ, Wu CHW, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Shril S, Schneider S, Schierbaum L, Dai R, Bekheirnia MR, Joosten M, Shlomovitz O, Vivante A, Banne E, Mane S, Lifton RP, Kirschner KM, Kispert A, Rosenberger G, Fischer KD, Lienkamp SS, Zegers MM, Hildebrandt F. Genetic Variants in ARHGEF6 Cause Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract in Humans, Mice, and Frogs. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:273-290. [PMID: 36414417 PMCID: PMC10103091 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 40 disease genes have been described to date for isolated CAKUT, the most common cause of childhood CKD. However, these genes account for only 20% of cases. ARHGEF6, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is implicated in biologic processes such as cell migration and focal adhesion, acts downstream of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and parvin proteins. A genetic variant of ILK that causes murine renal agenesis abrogates the interaction of ILK with a murine focal adhesion protein encoded by Parva , leading to CAKUT in mice with this variant. METHODS To identify novel genes that, when mutated, result in CAKUT, we performed exome sequencing in an international cohort of 1265 families with CAKUT. We also assessed the effects in vitro of wild-type and mutant ARHGEF6 proteins, and the effects of Arhgef6 deficiency in mouse and frog models. RESULTS We detected six different hemizygous variants in the gene ARHGEF6 (which is located on the X chromosome in humans) in eight individuals from six families with CAKUT. In kidney cells, overexpression of wild-type ARHGEF6 -but not proband-derived mutant ARHGEF6 -increased active levels of CDC42/RAC1, induced lamellipodia formation, and stimulated PARVA-dependent cell spreading. ARHGEF6-mutant proteins showed loss of interaction with PARVA. Three-dimensional Madin-Darby canine kidney cell cultures expressing ARHGEF6-mutant proteins exhibited reduced lumen formation and polarity defects. Arhgef6 deficiency in mouse and frog models recapitulated features of human CAKUT. CONCLUSIONS Deleterious variants in ARHGEF6 may cause dysregulation of integrin-parvin-RAC1/CDC42 signaling, thereby leading to X-linked CAKUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Klämbt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Buerger
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Naert
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Richter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Nauth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Weiss
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Sieckmann
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Translatationale Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ethan Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dervla M. Connaughton
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steve Seltzsam
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Mann
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amar J. Majmundar
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chen-Han W. Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Departments of Genetics and Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ana C. Onuchic-Whitford
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia Schneider
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luca Schierbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rufeng Dai
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Marieke Joosten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Omer Shlomovitz
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ehud Banne
- The Genetics Institute, Kaplan Medical Center—Rehovot, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard P. Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Karin M. Kirschner
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Translatationale Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Rosenberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Soeren S. Lienkamp
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam M.P. Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Trefzer L, Schwieger-Briel A, Nyström A, Conradt G, Pohl M, Miernik A, Has C. Kidney-Urinary Tract Involvement in Intermediate Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:1057-1062. [PMID: 35921091 PMCID: PMC9350844 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Kidney-urinary tract (KUT) manifestations cause substantial morbidity in patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), but the spectrum of disease severity and the clinical course have been poorly characterized. Objective To examine in a large cohort of patients with intermediate JEB the KUT manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, genotype-phenotype correlations, and outcomes as a basis for recommendations, prognosis, and management. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective, longitudinal case series study, 99 patients with a diagnosis of JEB based on clinical and genetic findings who were treated in a single dermatology department in Freiburg, Germany, were assessed during an 18-year period (January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2021). Clinical, laboratory, and molecular genetic parameters were extracted from patients' medical records. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical characteristics, natural history, management of KUT manifestations, and genotype-phenotype correlations of intermediate JEB. Results Of the 183 patients with JEB, 99 (54%) had intermediate JEB and were included in this cohort. The cohort included 49 female patients and 50 male patients. None of 49 female patients and 15 of 50 male patients had KUT involvement affecting different levels of the urinary tract, resulting in a prevalence of 30% for males; thus, the overall prevalence was 15%. The mean age at onset of KUT manifestations was 6.9 years (range, first weeks of life to 20 years; age was not available for 1 patient). Median follow-up after diagnosis of KUT involvement was 13 years (range, 3 months to 54 years). Patients with laminin 332 or integrin β4 deficiency had at least 1 missense or splice site genetic variant, leading to residual expression of laminin 332 or integrin α6β4, respectively. Severity of KUT complications did not correlate with the extent of skin involvement but with the affected protein. Conclusions and Relevance Physicians and patients with JEB should be aware of the risk for KUT involvement in intermediate JEB, and physicians should apply interdisciplinary and individualized diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for management of these complications. Because this disorder is so rare, multicenter studies are required to make general recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trefzer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schwieger-Briel
- Pediatric Skin Center, Division of Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Conradt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Pohl
- Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Miernik
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Maeda S, Minato Y, Kuwahara-Otani S, Yamanaka H, Maeda M, Kataoka Y, Yagi H. Morphology of Schwann Cell Processes Supports Renal Sympathetic Nerve Terminals With Local Distribution of Adrenoceptors. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:495-513. [PMID: 35708491 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerves in the renal parenchyma comprise sympathetic nerves that act on renal arteries and tubules to decrease blood flow and increase primary urine reabsorption, respectively. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters that activate their effector tissues. However, the mechanisms by which neurotransmitters exert individual responses to renal effector cells remain unknown. Here, we investigated the spatial and molecular compositional associations of renal Schwann cells (SC) supporting the nerve terminals in male rats. The nerve terminals of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) enclosed by renal SC processes were exposed through windows facing the effectors with presynaptic specializations. We found that the adrenergic receptors (ARs) α2A, α2C, and β2 were localized in the SMC and the basal side of the tubules, where the nerve terminals were attached, whereas the other subtypes of ARs were distributed in the glomerular and luminal side, where the norepinephrine released from nerve endings may have indirect access to ARs. In addition, integrins α4 and β1 were coexpressed in the nerve terminals. Thus, renal nerve terminals could contact their effectors via integrins and may have a structure, covered by SC processes, suitable for intensive and directional release of neurotransmitters into the blood, rather than specialized structures in the postsynaptic region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroki Yamanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Hyogo, Japan
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9
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Bolzati C, Salvarese N, Spolaore B, Vittadini A, Forrer D, Brunello S, Ghiani S, Maiocchi A. Water-Soluble [Tc(N)(PNP)] Moiety for Room-Temperature 99mTc Labeling of Sensitive Target Vectors. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:876-894. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bolzati
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Salvarese
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Spolaore
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Vittadini
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Forrer
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Brunello
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Ghiani
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Bioindustry Park del Canavese, Via Ribes 5, Colleretto Giacosa, 10010 Torino, Italy
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10
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Okamoto T, Nakamura A, Hayashi A, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa Y, Natsuga K, Yanagi K, Hotta K. Successful kidney transplantation in a patient with neonatal-onset ILNEB. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13971. [PMID: 33470490 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ILNEB constitute an autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of the gene for the ITGA3. To date, 8 ILNEB patients have been reported, but all 6 neonatal-onset ILNEB patients suffered early death within 2 years. The most common cause of death among previously reported ILNEB patients was exacerbation of the respiratory condition. METHODS In this study, we describe a case of ILNEB with neonatal onset in a female patient and the genetic and histopathological testing performed. RESULTS Our patient had a compound heterozygous mutation in ITGA3. Compared to previously reported patients, this patient exhibited milder clinical and histopathological characteristics. After experiencing a life-threatening respiratory infection at 8 months old, the patient started periodic subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment once every 1-2 weeks for nephrotic-range proteinuria-induced secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. At the age of 3 years, proteinuria gradually increased with severe edema despite strict internal management. Therefore, our patient underwent unilateral nephrectomy and insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter followed by another unilateral nephrectomy. One month later, she underwent an ABO-compatible living-donor kidney transplantation at the age of 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Our patient is a neonatal-onset ILNEB patient who survived for more than 2 years and underwent successful kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asako Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ogawa
- Hokkaido Renal Pathology Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Hotta
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Tomas NM, Mortensen SA, Wilmanns M, Huber TB. Across scales: novel insights into kidney health and disease by structural biology. Kidney Int 2021; 100:281-288. [PMID: 33940110 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, structural biology methods such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy have been increasingly used to study protein functions, molecular interactions, physiological processes, and disease mechanisms. This review outlines a selection of structural biology methods, highlights recent examples of how structural analyses have contributed to a more profound understanding of the machinery of life, and gives a perspective on how these methods can be applied to investigate functions of kidney molecules and pathogenic mechanisms of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Tomas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Mortensen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany; University Hamburg Clinical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Pang Y, Tong H, Yan Y, Li S, Li S. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 4 promotes the migration and differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells via focal adhesion kinase. Cell Adh Migr 2020; 14:153-164. [PMID: 32881638 PMCID: PMC7513858 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2020.1810508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FNDC4 is an anti-inflammatory factor that alters the activation state of macrophages; it is used to treat colitis in mice. However, its role in muscle formation and mechanism of function remains unknown. We found that FNDC4 promotes the bovine MDSCs migration and differentiation. Furthermore, we reported that it interacts with integrin β1 (ITGβ1). FAK, mediated by ITGβ1, regulates cell migration. Our results found FNDC4 to influence the expression of p-FAK, p-paxillin, and vinculin. Then, overexpressed or added FNDC4 protein could not influence migration and differentiation any more when the activated form of FAK was reduced. Therefore, we concluded that FNDC4 promotes the differentiation and migration of bovine MDSCs via the FAK, mediated by the ITGβ1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Huili Tong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Yunqin Yan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
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13
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Madhusudhan T, Ghosh S, Wang H, Dong W, Gupta D, Elwakiel A, Stoyanov S, Al-Dabet MM, Krishnan S, Biemann R, Nazir S, Zimmermann S, Mathew A, Gadi I, Rana R, Zeng-Brouwers J, Moeller MJ, Schaefer L, Esmon CT, Kohli S, Reiser J, Rezaie AR, Ruf W, Isermann B. Podocyte Integrin- β 3 and Activated Protein C Coordinately Restrict RhoA Signaling and Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1762-1780. [PMID: 32709711 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (dNP), now the leading cause of ESKD, lacks efficient therapies. Coagulation protease-dependent signaling modulates dNP, in part via the G protein-coupled, protease-activated receptors (PARs). Specifically, the cytoprotective protease-activated protein C (aPC) protects from dNP, but the mechanisms are not clear. METHODS A combination of in vitro approaches and mouse models evaluated the role of aPC-integrin interaction and related signaling in dNP. RESULTS The zymogen protein C and aPC bind to podocyte integrin-β 3, a subunit of integrin-α v β 3. Deficiency of this integrin impairs thrombin-mediated generation of aPC on podocytes. The interaction of aPC with integrin-α v β 3 induces transient binding of integrin-β 3 with G α13 and controls PAR-dependent RhoA signaling in podocytes. Binding of aPC to integrin-β 3 via its RGD sequence is required for the temporal restriction of RhoA signaling in podocytes. In podocytes lacking integrin-β 3, aPC induces sustained RhoA activation, mimicking the effect of thrombin. In vivo, overexpression of wild-type aPC suppresses pathologic renal RhoA activation and protects against dNP. Disrupting the aPC-integrin-β 3 interaction by specifically deleting podocyte integrin-β 3 or by abolishing aPC's integrin-binding RGD sequence enhances RhoA signaling in mice with high aPC levels and abolishes aPC's nephroprotective effect. Pharmacologic inhibition of PAR1, the pivotal thrombin receptor, restricts RhoA activation and nephroprotects RGE-aPChigh and wild-type mice.Conclusions aPC-integrin-α v β 3 acts as a rheostat, controlling PAR1-dependent RhoA activation in podocytes in diabetic nephropathy. These results identify integrin-α v β 3 as an essential coreceptor for aPC that is required for nephroprotective aPC-PAR signaling in dNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thati Madhusudhan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany .,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanchita Ghosh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dheerendra Gupta
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elwakiel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stoyan Stoyanov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Moh'd Mohanad Al-Dabet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shruthi Krishnan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silke Zimmermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akash Mathew
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ihsan Gadi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rajiv Rana
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University Hospital of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charles T Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Shrey Kohli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany .,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Soloyan H, Thornton M, Villani V, Khatchadourian P, Cravedi P, Angeletti A, Grubbs B, De Filippo R, Perin L, Sedrakyan S. Glomerular endothelial cell heterogeneity in Alport syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11414. [PMID: 32651395 PMCID: PMC7351764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) are a crucial component of the glomerular physiology and their damage contributes to the progression of chronic kidney diseases. How GEC affect the pathology of Alport syndrome (AS) however, is unclear. We characterized GEC from wild type (WT) and col4α5 knockout AS mice, a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive renal failure. We used endothelial-specific Tek-tdTomato reporter mice to isolate GEC by FACS and performed transcriptome analysis on them from WT and AS mice, followed by in vitro functional assays and confocal and intravital imaging studies. Biopsies from patients with chronic kidney disease, including AS were compared with our findings in mice. We identified two subpopulations of GEC (dimtdT and brighttdT) based on the fluorescence intensity of the TektdT signal. In AS mice, the brighttdT cell number increased and presented differential expression of endothelial markers compared to WT. RNA-seq analysis revealed differences in the immune and metabolic signaling pathways. In AS mice, dimtdT and brighttdT cells had different expression profiles of matrix-associated genes (Svep1, Itgβ6), metabolic activity (Apom, Pgc1α) and immune modulation (Apelin, Icam1) compared to WT mice. We confirmed a new pro-inflammatory role of Apelin in AS mice and in cultured human GEC. Gene modulations were identified comparable to the biopsies from patients with AS and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, possibly indicating that the same mechanisms apply to humans. We report the presence of two GEC subpopulations that differ between AS and healthy mice or humans. This finding paves the way to a better understanding of the pathogenic role of GEC in AS progression and could lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Soloyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Patrick Khatchadourian
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Roger De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA. .,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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15
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Hensbergen A, van Willigen DM, Welling MM, van der Wijk FA, de Korne CM, van Oosterom MN, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. Click Chemistry in the Design and Production of Hybrid Tracers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12438-12448. [PMID: 31460363 PMCID: PMC6682143 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tracers containing both fluorescent and radioactive imaging labels have demonstrated clinical potential during sentinel lymph node procedures. To combine these two labels on a single targeting vector that allows tumor-targeted imaging, end-labeling strategies are often applied. For αvβ3-integrin-targeting hybrid tracers, providing an excellent model for evaluating tracer development strategies, end-labeling-based synthesis provides a rather cumbersome synthesis strategy. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of heterobifunctional cyanine dyes in a click-chemistry-based synthesis strategy for RGD-based hybrid tracers. The triazole-based hybrid tracers DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] were obtained in fewer steps than DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] and had partition coefficients of log P (o/w) = -2.55 ± 0.10, -1.45 ± 0.03, and -2.67 ± 0.12, respectively. Both tracers were chemically stable, and the brightnesses of DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] were, respectively, 23 × 103 and 40 × 103 M-1 cm-1; lower than that of the reference tracer DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] (50 × 103 M-1 cm-1). Assessment of serum protein binding revealed no statistically significant difference (44 ± 2 and 40 ± 2% bound for DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK], respectively; 36 ± 5% bound for DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK]; p > 0.05). DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] (K D = 17.5 ± 6.0) had a statistically significantly higher affinity than the reference compound DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] (K D = 30.3 ± 5.7; p < 0.0001), but DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] had a statistically significantly lower affinity (K D = 76.5 ± 18.3 nM; p < 0.0001). Both [ 111 In]DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and [ 111 In]DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] enabled in vivo visualization of the 4T1 tumor via fluorescence and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Biodistribution data (% ID/g) revealed a significant increase in nonspecific uptake in the kidney, liver, and muscle for both [ 111 In]DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and [ 111 In]DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK]. As a result of the higher background activity, the tumor-to-background ratio of the click-labeled RGD analogues was twofold lower compared to the end-labeled reference compound. The use of click chemistry labeling did not yield a pronounced negative effect on serum protein binding, in vitro stability, and receptor affinity; and tumors could still be visualized using SPECT and fluorescence imaging. However, quantitative in vivo biodistribution data suggest that the triazole and strained cyclooctyne moieties associated with this type of click chemistry negatively influence the pharmacokinetics of RGD peptides. Nevertheless, the design might still hold promise for other targets/targeting moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus
W. Hensbergen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Mick M. Welling
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia A. van der Wijk
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize M. de Korne
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N. van Oosterom
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Pharmaceutical
Radiochemistry, Technische Universität
München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical
Radiochemistry, Technische Universität
München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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16
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Louzao-Martinez L, van Dijk CG, Xu YJ, Korn A, Bekker NJ, Brouwhuis R, Nicese MN, Demmers JA, Goumans MJT, Masereeuw R, Duncker DJ, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. A proteome comparison between human fetal and mature renal extracellular matrix identifies EMILIN1 as a regulator of renal epithelial cell adhesion. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 4:100011. [PMID: 33543009 PMCID: PMC7852202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based approaches using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to replace damaged renal tissue with 3D constructs is a promising emerging therapy for kidney disease. Besides living cells, a template provided by a scaffold based on biomaterials and bioactive factors is needed for successful kidney engineering. Nature's own template for a scaffolding system is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Research has focused on mapping the mature renal ECM; however, the developing fetal ECM matches more the active environment required in 3D renal constructs. Here, we characterized the differences between the human fetal and mature renal ECM using spectrometry-based proteomics of decellularized tissue. We identified 99 different renal ECM proteins of which the majority forms an overlapping core, but also includes proteins enriched in either the fetal or mature ECM. Relative protein quantification showed a significant dominance of EMILIN1 in the fetal ECM. We functionally tested the role of EMILIN1 in the ECM using a novel methodology that permits the reliable anchorage of native cell-secreted ECM to glass coverslips. Depletion of EMILIN1 from the ECM layer using siRNA mediated knock-down technologies does not affect renal epithelial cell growth, but does promote migration. Lack of EMILIN1 in the ECM layer reduces the adhesion strength of renal epithelial cells, shown by a decrease in focal adhesion points and associated stress fibers. We showed in this study the importance of a human renal fetal and mature ECM catalogue for identifying promising ECM components that have high implementation potential in scaffolds for 3D renal constructs. Proteomics revealed the differences between the renal fetal and mature extracellular matrix. EMILIN1 has a significant dominance in the fetal extracellular matrix. EMILIN1 depletion from the extracellular matrix reduces the adhesion strength and promotes migration of renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Louzao-Martinez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian G.M. van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yan Juan Xu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amber Korn
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J. Bekker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Romi Brouwhuis
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Novella Nicese
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands, Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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17
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Bülow RD, Boor P. Extracellular Matrix in Kidney Fibrosis: More Than Just a Scaffold. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:643-661. [PMID: 31116062 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419849388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the common histological end-point of progressive, chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) regardless of the underlying etiology. The hallmark of renal fibrosis, similar to all other organs, is pathological deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Renal ECM is a complex network of collagens, elastin, and several glycoproteins and proteoglycans forming basal membranes and interstitial space. Several ECM functions beyond providing a scaffold and organ stability are being increasingly recognized, for example, in inflammation. ECM composition is determined by the function of each of the histological compartments of the kidney, that is, glomeruli, tubulo-interstitium, and vessels. Renal ECM is a dynamic structure undergoing remodeling, particularly during fibrosis. From a clinical perspective, ECM proteins are directly involved in several rare renal diseases and indirectly in CKD progression during renal fibrosis. ECM proteins could serve as specific non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis and scaffolds in regenerative medicine. The gold standard and currently only specific means to measure renal fibrosis is renal biopsy, but new diagnostic approaches are appearing. Here, we discuss the localization, function, and remodeling of major renal ECM components in healthy and diseased, fibrotic kidneys and the potential use of ECM in diagnostics of renal fibrosis and in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman David Bülow
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Koh KH, Cao Y, Mangos S, Tardi NJ, Dande RR, Lee HW, Samelko B, Altintas MM, Schmitz VP, Lee H, Mukherjee K, Peev V, Cimbaluk DJ, Reiser J, Hahm E. Nonimmune cell-derived ICOS ligand functions as a renoprotective αvβ3 integrin-selective antagonist. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1713-1726. [PMID: 30747722 PMCID: PMC6436851 DOI: 10.1172/jci123386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) is a circulatory molecule that activates αvβ3 integrin on podocytes, causes foot process effacement, and contributes to proteinuric kidney disease. While active integrin can be targeted by antibodies and small molecules, endogenous inhibitors haven't been discovered yet. Here we report what we believe is a novel renoprotective role for the inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL) in early kidney disease through its selective binding to podocyte αvβ3 integrin. Contrary to ICOSL's immune-regulatory role, ICOSL in nonhematopoietic cells limited the activation of αvβ3 integrin. Specifically, ICOSL contains the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif, which allowed for a high-affinity and selective binding to αvβ3 and modulation of podocyte adhesion. This binding was largely inhibited either by a synthetic RGD peptide or by a disrupted RGD sequence in ICOSL. ICOSL binding favored the active αvβ3 rather than the inactive form and showed little affinity for other integrins. Consistent with the rapid induction of podocyte ICOSL by inflammatory stimuli, glomerular ICOSL expression was increased in biopsies of early-stage human proteinuric kidney diseases. Icosl deficiency in mice resulted in an increased susceptibility to proteinuria that was rescued by recombinant ICOSL. Our work identified a potentially novel role for ICOSL, which serves as an endogenous αvβ3-selective antagonist to maintain glomerular filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi Hye Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanxia Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steve Mangos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Tardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ranadheer R. Dande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ha Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Beata Samelko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mehmet M. Altintas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vincent P. Schmitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasil Peev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David J. Cimbaluk
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eunsil Hahm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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19
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He S, Liu X, Lin Z, Liu Y, Gu L, Zhou H, Tang W, Zuo J. Reversible SAHH inhibitor protects against glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice by downregulating renal α-actinin-4 expression and stabilizing integrin-cytoskeleton linkage. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:40. [PMID: 30696480 PMCID: PMC6352376 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerulonephritis is one of the major complications and causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is characterized by glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy, along with severe persistent proteinuria. DZ2002 is a reversible S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitor with potent therapeutic activity against lupus nephritis in mice. However, the molecular events underlying the renal protective effects of DZ2002 remained unclear. This study is designed to uncover the molecular mechanisms of DZ2002 on glomerulonephritis of lupus-prone mice. METHODS We conducted a twice-daily treatment of DZ2002 on the lupus-prone NZB/WF1 mice, and the progression of lupus nephritis and alteration of renal function were monitored. The LC-MS-based label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomic approach was applied to analyze the kidney tissue samples from the normal C57BL/6 mice and the NZB/WF1 mice treated with DZ2002 or vehicle. KEGG pathway enrichment and direct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were used to map the pathways in which the significantly changed proteins (SCPs) are involved. The selected proteins from proteomic analysis were validated by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry in the kidney tissues. RESULTS The twice-daily regimen of DZ2002 administration significantly ameliorated the lupus nephritis and improved the renal function in NZB/WF1 mice. A total of 3275 proteins were quantified, of which 253 proteins were significantly changed across normal C57BL/6 mice and the NZB/WF1 mice treated with DZ2002 or vehicle. Pathway analysis revealed that 13 SCPs were involved in tight junction and focal adhesion process. Further protein expression validation demonstrated that DZ2002-treated NZB/WF1 mice exhibited downregulation of α-actinin-4 and integrin-linked kinase (ILK), as well as the restoration of β1-integrin activation in the kidney tissues compared with the vehicle-treated ones. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the first evidence for the molecular mechanism of SAHH inhibitor on glomerulonephritis in SLE via the modulation of α-actinin-4 expression and focal adhesion-associated signaling proteins in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zemin Lin
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Bolzati C, Salvarese N, Carpanese D, Seraglia R, Meléndez-Alafort L, Rosato A, Capasso D, Saviano M, Del Gatto A, Comegna D, Zaccaro L. [ 99mTc][Tc(N)PNP43]-Labeled RGD Peptides As New Probes for a Selective Detection of αvβ 3 Integrin: Synthesis, Structure-Activity and Pharmacokinetic Studies. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9596-9610. [PMID: 30278131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
New integrin-selective molecules suitable for therapeutic or imaging purposes are currently of interest in development of effective personalized medical platforms. RGDechi is a bifunctional peptide selective for integrin αvβ3. Herein, RGDechi and three truncated derivatives functionalized with a cysteine (1-4) were synthesized and labeled with the [99mTc][Tc(N)PNP43]-synthon ([PNP43 = (CH3)2P(CH2)2N(C2H4OCH3)(CH2)2P(CH3)2]) (99mTc1-4) as a basis for selective integrin recognition. The pharmacological parameters of all radiolabeled peptides were assessed along with the pharmacokinetic profiles of the most promising 99mTc1 and 99mTc2 compounds both on healthy and melanoma-bearing mice. Their metabolism and metabolite identification are also reported. 99mTc1-2 are able to discriminate between endogenously expressed integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 and possess favorable pharmacokinetics characterized by low liver uptake and rapid elimination from nontarget tissues resulting in positive target-to-nontarget ratios. Results are encouraging; the presented construct can be considered the starting point for the development of agents for the selective detection of αvβ3 expression by SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bolzati
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR , Corso Stati Uniti, 4 , 35127 Padova , Italy
| | - Nicola Salvarese
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR , Corso Stati Uniti, 4 , 35127 Padova , Italy
| | - Debora Carpanese
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS , Via Gattamelata, 64 , 35128 Padova , Italy
| | - Roberta Seraglia
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR , Corso Stati Uniti, 4 , 35127 Padova , Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS , Via Gattamelata, 64 , 35128 Padova , Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology , University of Padua , via Gattamelata, 64 , 35138 Padova , Italy
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples '' Federico II '', Naples , Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Cristallography IC-CNR , Via Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Annarita Del Gatto
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging IBB-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Napoli , Italy
| | - Daniela Comegna
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging IBB-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Napoli , Italy
| | - Laura Zaccaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging IBB-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Napoli , Italy
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21
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Iervolino A, De La Motte LR, Petrillo F, Prosperi F, Alvino FM, Schiano G, Perna AF, Di Matteo D, De Felice M, Capasso G, Trepiccione F. Integrin Beta 1 Is Crucial for Urinary Concentrating Ability and Renal Medulla Architecture in Adult Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1273. [PMID: 30271355 PMCID: PMC6147158 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimers anchoring cells to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), an active and complex process mediating a series of inside-out and outside-in stimuli regulating cellular turn-over, tissue growth and architecture. Itgb1 is the main subunit of the renal integrins and it is critical for renal development. This study aims to investigate the role of Itgb1 in the adult renal epithelial cells by knocking down Itgb1 in PAX8 expressing cells. Itgb1-Pax8 cKO mice develop a progressively worsening proteinuria and renal abnormalities leading to severe renal failure and hypertension. This phenotype is also associated with severe dysfunction of distal nephron and polyuria. To further investigate whether distal nephron involvement was primarily related to Itgb1 suppression or secondary to renal failure, an Itgb1-AQP2 cKO mouse model was generated. These mice lack Itgb1 expression in AQP2 expressing cells. They do not show any developmental alteration, but 1 month old mice are resistant to dDAVP administration and finally, at 2 months of age, they develop overt polyuria. This phenotype is due to primary collecting duct (CD) cells anoikis. The entire architecture of the outer medulla is altered, with loss of the typical organization pattern of vascular and tubular bundles alternation. Indeed, even though not primarily affected by genetic ablation, the TAL is secondarily affected in this model. It is sufficient to suppress Itgb1 expression in the CD in order to stimulate proliferation and then disappearance of neighboring TAL cells. This study shows that cell to cell interaction through the ECM is critical for architecture and function maintenance of the outer medulla and that Itgb1 is crucial for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iervolino
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Luigi R De La Motte
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Petrillo
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Prosperi
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Guglielmo Schiano
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Matteo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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22
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Regulation of cofilin phosphorylation in glomerular podocytes by testis specific kinase 1 (TESK1). Sci Rep 2018; 8:12286. [PMID: 30115939 PMCID: PMC6095849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of a constitutively active Rho A (V14Rho) in podocytes in vivo induces albuminuria and foot process (FP) effacement. These effects may be mediated by the Rho A effector Rho kinase (ROK); but inhibition of ROK with Y27632 failed to attenuate albuminuria or FP effacement in V14Rho mice. ROK activates LIM kinases (LIMKs), which phosphorylate and inhibit the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin 1 (CFL1). Sustained phosphorylation of CFL1 is implicated in human nephrotic diseases, but Y27632 did not inhibit phosphorylation of CFL1 in vivo, despite effective ROK inhibition. CFL1 is also phosphorylated by testis-specific kinase 1 (TESK1) on the same serine residue. TESK1 was expressed in podocytes, and, similar to the in vivo situation, Y27632 had little effect on phospho-CFL1 (pCFL1) levels in cultured podocytes. In contrast, Y27632 reduced pCFL1 levels in TESK1 knockout (KO) cells. ROK inhibition enhanced podocyte motility but, the motility promoting effect of Y27632 was absent in TESK1 KO podocytes. Thus, TESK1 regulates podocyte cytoskeletal dynamics in glomerular podocytes and may play an important role in regulating glomerular filtration barrier integrity in glomerular disease processes.
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23
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Müller-Deile J, Dannenberg J, Schroder P, Lin MH, Miner JH, Chen R, Bräsen JH, Thum T, Nyström J, Staggs LB, Haller H, Fiedler J, Lorenzen JM, Schiffer M. Podocytes regulate the glomerular basement membrane protein nephronectin by means of miR-378a-3p in glomerular diseases. Kidney Int 2017; 92:836-849. [PMID: 28476557 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of many proteinuric kidney diseases is poorly understood, and microRNAs (miRs) regulation of these diseases has been largely unexplored. Here, we tested whether miR-378a-3p is a novel regulator of glomerular diseases. MiR-378a-3p has two predicted targets relevant to glomerular function, the glomerular basement membrane matrix component, nephronectin (NPNT), and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-A. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), miR-378a-3p mimic injection or npnt knockdown by a morpholino oligomer caused an identical phenotype consisting of edema, proteinuria, podocyte effacement, and widening of the glomerular basement membrane in the lamina rara interna. Zebrafish vegf-A protein could not rescue this phenotype. However, mouse Npnt constructs containing a mutated 3'UTR region prevented the phenotype caused by miR-378a-3p mimic injection. Overexpression of miR-378a-3p in mice confirmed glomerular dysfunction in a mammalian model. Biopsies from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy had increased miR-378a-3p expression and reduced glomerular levels of NPNT. Thus, miR-378a-3p-mediated suppression of the glomerular matrix protein NPNT is a novel mechanism for proteinuria development in active glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Müller-Deile
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine, USA.
| | - Jan Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine, USA
| | - Patricia Schroder
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine, USA
| | - Meei-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK; REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Departments of Physiology and Nephrology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine, USA
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johan M Lorenzen
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine, USA.
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Zhu FQ, Chen MJ, Zhu M, Zhao RS, Qiu W, Xu X, Liu H, Zhao HW, Yu RJ, Wu XF, Zhang K, Huang H. Curcumin Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells through the Inhibition of Akt/mTOR Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 40:17-24. [PMID: 27829579 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has exhibited a protective effect against development of renal fibrosis in animal models, however, its underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Therefore, we investigated the anti-fibrosis effects of curcumin in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the mechanism by which it mediates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HKCs) were treated with TGF-β1 or curcumin alone, or TGF-β1 in combination with curcumin. The effect of curcumin on cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression of E-cadherin, cytokeratin, vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1) and key proteins of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot. Low dose curcumin (3.125 and 25 µmol/L) effectively promoted HKC proliferation. When HKCs were co-incubated with TGF-β1 and curcumin for 72 h, curcumin maintained the epithelial morphology in a dose-dependent manner, decreased expression of vimentin, α-SMA and FSP1 normally induced by TGF-β1, and increased expression of E-cadherin, cytokeratin. Importantly, we found that curcumin reduced Akt, mTOR and P70S6K phosphorylation, effectively suppressing the activity of the Akt/mTOR pathway in HKCs. Curcumin also promoted HKC proliferation, and antagonized TGF-β1-driven EMT through the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway activity, which may suggest an alternative therapy for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Qiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University
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Verma R, Venkatareddy M, Kalinowski A, Patel SR, Garg P. Integrin Ligation Results in Nephrin Tyrosine Phosphorylation In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148906. [PMID: 26848974 PMCID: PMC4743922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin is expressed at the basolateral aspect of podocytes and is an important signaling protein at the glomerular slit diaphragm. In vitro studies have demonstrated that Nephrin phosphorylation-dependent signaling is able to assemble a protein complex that is able to polymerize actin. However, proximal signaling events that result in nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation are not well understood. Nephrin deletion in mice and human nephrin mutations result in developmental failure of the podocyte intercellular junction resutling in proteinuria. This has been presumed to be due to a failure to respond to an external polarized cue in the absence of nephrin or a failure to transduce an outside-in signal in patients with nephrin mutations. The nephrin extracellular domain binds to itself or neph1 across the foot process intercellular junction. Nephrin is tyrosine phosphorylation-silent in healthy glomeruli when presumably the nephrin extracellular domain is in an engaged state. These observations raise the possibility of an alternate proximal signaling mechanism that might be responsible for nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation. Here we present data showing that integrin engagement at the basal aspect of cultured podocytes results in nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation. This is abrogated by incubating podocytes with an antibody that prevents integrin β1 ligation and activation in response to binding to extracellular matrix. Furthermore, nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation was observed in podocytes expressing a membrane-targeted nephrin construct that lacks the extracellular domain. We propose, integrin-activation based signaling might be responsible for nephrin phosphorylation rather than engagment of the nephrin extracellular domain by a ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Verma
- Division of Nephroloigy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Madhusudan Venkatareddy
- Division of Nephroloigy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anne Kalinowski
- Division of Nephroloigy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sanjeevkumar R. Patel
- Division of Nephroloigy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Puneet Garg
- Division of Nephroloigy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tuberin-deficiency downregulates N-cadherin and upregulates vimentin in kidney tumor of TSC patients. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6936-46. [PMID: 25149531 PMCID: PMC4196174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are associated with cell fibrosis in kidney of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex patients. The mechanism by which the fibrotic proteins accumulated in AMLs has not been explored. In the present study, we investigated the role of Akt/tuberin/mTOR pathway in the regulation cell fibrosis proteins. AML cells that expressed low levels of tuberin showed less expression of N-cadherin and higher of vimentin proteins compared to HEK293 cells. AML cells infected with Ad-tuberin showed a significant decrease in vimentin and an increase in N-cadherin protein expression. In addition, cells treated with rapamycin showed a significant increase in p-Akt and a decrease in p-p70S6K that was associated with a decrease expression of vimentin and a slight increase expression in N-cadherin. On the other hand, cells treated with Akt inhibitor revealed a significant decrease in p-Akt and p-p70S6K that was associated with a significant decrease in vimentin and an increase in N-cadherin expression. In addition, cells transfected with DN-Akt or DN-S6K show significant increase expression in N-cadherin and a decrease in vimentin. Moreover, cells transfected with siRNA against rictor or siRNA against raptor resulted in a decrease in vimentin and an increase N-cadherin expression. Kidney tumors from TSC patients showed significant decrease in N-cadherin and significant increased in vimentin protein expression compared to control kidney tissues. These data comprise the first report to provide the role of Akt/tuberin/mTORC1/2 in the regulation of N-cadherin and vimentin that are involved in the progression of fibrosis in kidney tumor of TSC patients.
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27
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Manninen A. Epithelial polarity – Generating and integrating signals from the ECM with integrins. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:337-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Theilade S, Lyngbaek S, Hansen TW, Eugen-Olsen J, Fenger M, Rossing P, Jeppesen JL. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels are elevated and associated with complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Intern Med 2015; 277:362-371. [PMID: 24830873 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the associations between suPAR and diabetes, including diabetes duration and complications, in patients with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS From 2009 to 2011, 667 patients with type 1 diabetes and 51 nondiabetic control subjects were included in a cross-sectional study at Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark. suPAR levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The investigated diabetic complications were cardiovascular disease (CVD: previous myocardial infarction, revascularisation, peripheral arterial disease and stroke), autonomic dysfunction (heart rate variability during deep breathing <11 beats min(-1) ), albuminuria [urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) ≥30 mg/24 h] or a high degree of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity ≥10 m s(-1) ). Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, UAER, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c ), total cholesterol, body mass index, C-reactive protein, antihypertensive treatment and smoking. RESULTS Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels were lower in control subjects versus all patients, in control subjects versus normoalbuminuric patients (UAER <30 mg/24 h), in normoalbuminuric patients with short (<10 years) versus long diabetes duration and were increased with degree of albuminuria (adjusted P < 0.001 for all). Furthermore, suPAR levels were higher in patients with versus without CVD (n = 144; 21.3%), autonomic dysfunction (n = 369; 59.2%), albuminuria (n = 357; 53.1%) and a high degree of arterial stiffness (n = 298; 47.2%) (adjusted P ≤ 0.024). The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) values per 1 ln unit increase in suPAR were as follows: 2.5 (1.1-5.7) for CVD: 2.7 (1.2-6.2) for autonomic dysfunction; 3.8 (1.3-10.9) for albuminuria and 2.5 (1.1-6.1) for a high degree of arterial stiffness (P ≤ 0.039). CONCLUSION The suPAR level is higher in patients with type 1 diabetes and is associated with diabetes duration and complications independent of other risk factors. suPAR is a potential novel risk marker for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Theilade
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - S Lyngbaek
- Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T W Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - J Eugen-Olsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Fenger
- Department of Biochemistry, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J L Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hamzeh MT, Sridhara R, Alexander LD. Cyclic stretch-induced TGF-β1 and fibronectin expression is mediated by β1-integrin through c-Src- and STAT3-dependent pathways in renal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F425-36. [PMID: 25477471 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00589.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including fibronectin, may contribute to the early development and progression of renal interstitial fibrosis associated with chronic renal disease. Recent studies showed that β1-integrin is associated with the development of renal fibrosis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). However, the molecular events responsible for β1-integrin-mediated signaling, following UUO, have yet to be determined. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which mechanical stretch, an in vitro model for chronic obstructive nephropathy, regulates fibronectin and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in cultured human proximal tubular epithelium (HK-2) cells. Mechanical stretch upregulated fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression and activated signal transducer and transcription factor 3 (STAT3) in a time-dependent manner. Stretch-induced fibronectin and TGF-β1 were suppressed by a STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201, and by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting human STAT3 (STAT3 siRNA). Similarly, fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression and STAT3 activation induced by mechanical stretch were suppressed by the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 and by transfection of HK-2 cells with a dominant-negative mutant of c-Src (DN-Src), whereas PP3, an inactive analog of PP2, had no significant effect. Furthermore, mechanical stretch resulted in increased β1-integrin mRNA and protein levels in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody against β1-integrin and silencing of β1-integrin expression with siRNAs resulted in decreased c-Src and STAT3 activation and TGF-β1 and fibronectin expression evoked by mechanical stretch. This work demonstrates, for the first time, a role for β1-integrin in stretch-induced renal fibrosis through the activation of c-Src and STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona T Hamzeh
- Department of Biology, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - Rashmi Sridhara
- Midwestern University, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Physiology, Glendale, Arizona; and
| | - Larry D Alexander
- Midwestern University, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Physiology, Glendale, Arizona; and
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30
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Maile LA, Busby WH, Gollahon KA, Flowers W, Garbacik N, Garbacik S, Stewart K, Nichols T, Bellinger D, Patel A, Dunbar P, Medlin M, Clemmons D. Blocking ligand occupancy of the αVβ3 integrin inhibits the development of nephropathy in diabetic pigs. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4665-75. [PMID: 25171599 PMCID: PMC4239428 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia stimulates secretion of αVβ3 ligands from vascular cells, including endothelial cells, resulting in activation of the αVβ3 integrin. This study determined whether blocking ligand occupancy of αVβ3 would inhibit the development of diabetic nephropathy. Ten diabetic pigs received an F(ab)2 fragment of an antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the β3-subunit, and 10 received a control IgG F(ab)2 for 18 weeks. Nondiabetic pigs excreted 115 ± 50 μg of protein/mg creatinine compared with control F(ab)2-treated diabetic animals (218 ± 57 μg/mg), whereas diabetic animals treated with the anti-β3 F(ab)2 excreted 119 ± 55 μg/mg (P < .05). Mesangial volume/glomerular volume increased to 21 ± 2.4% in control-treated diabetic animals compared with 14 ± 2.8% (P < .01) in animals treated with active antibody. Diabetic animals treated with control F(ab)2 had significantly less glomerular podocin staining compared with nondiabetic animals, and this decrease was attenuated by treatment with anti-β3 F(ab)2. Glomerular basement membrane thickness was increased in the control, F(ab)2-treated diabetic animals (212 ± 14 nm) compared with nondiabetic animals (170 ± 8.8 nm), but it was unchanged (159.9 ± 16.4 nm) in animals receiving anti-β3 F(ab)2. Podocyte foot process width was greater in control, F(ab)2-treated, animals (502 ± 34 nm) compared with animals treated with the anti-β3 F(ab)2 (357 ± 47 nm, P < .05). Renal β3 tyrosine phosphorylation decreased from 13 934 ± 6437 to 6730 ± 1524 (P < .01) scanning units in the anti-β3-treated group. We conclude that administration of an antibody that inhibits activation of the β3-subunit of αVβ3 that is induced by hyperglycemia attenuates proteinuria and early histologic changes of diabetic nephropathy, suggesting that it may have utility in preventing the progression of this disease complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Maile
- Department of Medicine (L.A.M., W.H.B., K.A.G., T.N., D.B., A.P., P.D., M.M., D.C.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; and Department of Animal Science (W.F., N.G., S.G., K.S.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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31
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Lee K, Boctor S, Barisoni LMC, Gusella GL. Inactivation of integrin-β1 prevents the development of polycystic kidney disease after the loss of polycystin-1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:888-95. [PMID: 25145933 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of polycystin-1 (PC1) leads to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a disorder characterized by the formation of multiple bilateral renal cysts, the progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Correspondingly, cystic epithelia express higher levels of integrins (ECM receptors that control various cellular responses, such as cell proliferation, migration, and survival) that are characteristically altered in cystic cells. To determine whether the altered expression of ECM and integrins could establish a pathologic autostimulatory loop, we tested the role of integrin-β1 in vitro and on the cystic development of ADPKD in vivo. Compared with wild-type cells, PC1-depleted immortalized renal collecting duct cells had higher levels of integrin-β1 and fibronectin and displayed increased integrin-mediated signaling in the presence of Mn(2+). In mice, conditional inactivation of integrin-β1 in collecting ducts resulted in a dramatic inhibition of Pkd1-dependent cystogenesis with a concomitant suppression of fibrosis and preservation of normal renal function. Our data provide genetic evidence that a functional integrin-β1 is required for the early events leading to renal cystogenesis in ADPKD and suggest that the integrin signaling pathway may be an effective therapeutic target for slowing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Sylvia Boctor
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | | | - G Luca Gusella
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
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32
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Schubert R, Strohmeyer N, Bharadwaj M, Ramanathan SP, Krieg M, Friedrichs J, Franz CM, Muller DJ. Assay for characterizing the recovery of vertebrate cells for adhesion measurements by single-cell force spectroscopy. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3639-48. [PMID: 24928443 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) is becoming a widely used method to quantify the adhesion of a living cell to a substrate, another cell or tissue. The high sensitivity of SCFS permits determining the contributions of individual cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) to the adhesion force of an entire cell. However, to prepare adherent cells for SCFS, they must first be detached from tissue-culture flasks or plates. EDTA and trypsin are often applied for this purpose. Because cellular properties can be affected by this treatment, cells need to recover before being further characterized by SCFS. Here we introduce atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based SCFS to measure the mechanical and adhesive properties of HeLa cells and mouse embryonic kidney fibroblasts while they are recovering after detachment from tissue-culture. We find that mechanical and adhesive properties of both cell lines recover quickly (<10 min) after detachment using EDTA, while trypsin-detached fibroblasts require >60 min to fully recover. Our assay introduced to characterize the recovery of mammalian cells after detachment can in future be used to estimate the recovery behavior of other adherent cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Schubert
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitasha Bharadwaj
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Subramanian P Ramanathan
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Krieg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jens Friedrichs
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens M Franz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel J Muller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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A human integrin-α3 mutation confers major renal developmental defects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90879. [PMID: 24621570 PMCID: PMC3951280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the mammalian kidney is a highly complex process dependent upon the interplay of various cell types, secreted morphogens, and the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Although integrins are the most important receptors for ECM proteins and are ubiquitously expressed during kidney development, mice lacking expression of integrin α3 (Itga3) do not demonstrate a reduced number of nephrons, but mostly a disorganized GBM (glomerular basement membrane) leading to proteinuria. Thus, ITGA3 is considered mostly a passive GBM stabilizer and not an active player in nephrogenesis. Recently, mutations in the human ITGA3 were shown to cause congenital nephrotic syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa and interstitial lung disease, otherwise termed NEP syndrome (Nephrotic syndrome, Epidermolysis bullosa and Pulmonary disease). Herein, we performed histological and molecular analysis on the kidneys of a single patient from the initial cohort harboring an ITGA3 mutation, to illuminate the role of ITGA3 in human renal development. We show the patient to harbor a unique phenotype at birth, including severe unilateral renal hypodysplasia. Interrogation of global gene expression in the hypodysplastic kidney versus three controls (fetal, child and adult kidneys) revealed perturbed expression in several renal developmental pathways implicated in hypodysplasia, including the Wnt, BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) and TGF (transforming growth factor) pathways. Moreover, the affected kidney showed upregulation of early embryonic genes (e.g. OCT4 and PAX8) concomitant with downregulated kidney differentiation markers, implying a defect in proper renal differentiation. In conclusion, we show for the first time that ITGA3 is not merely a passive anchor for renal ECM proteins, as predicted by mouse models. Instead, our results may suggest it plays a central role in the interplay of cells, morphogens and ECM, required for proper nephrogenesis, thus adding ITGA3 to the list of CAKUT (congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract)-causing genes.
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Nigam SK. Concise review: can the intrinsic power of branching morphogenesis be used for engineering epithelial tissues and organs? Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:993-1000. [PMID: 24191267 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is critical to the development of organs such as kidney, lung, mammary gland, prostate, pancreas, and salivary gland. Essentially, an epithelial bud becomes an iterative tip-stalk generator (ITSG) able to form a tree of branching ducts and/or tubules. In different organs, branching morphogenesis is governed by similar sets of genes. Epithelial branching has been recapitulated in vitro (or ex vivo) using three-dimensional cell culture and partial organ culture systems, and several such systems relevant to kidney tissue engineering are discussed here. By adapting systems like these it may be possible to harness the power inherent in the ITSG program to propagate and engineer epithelial tissues and organs. It is also possible to conceive of a universal ITSG capable of propagation that may, by recombination with organ-specific mesenchymal cells, be used for engineering many organ-like tissues similar to the organ from which the mesenchyme cells were derived, or toward which they are differentiated (from stem cells). The three-dimensional (3D) branched epithelial structure could act as a dynamic branching cellular scaffold to establish the architecture for the rest of the tissue. Another strategy-that of recombining propagated organ-specific ITSGs in 3D culture with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells-is also worth exploring. If feasible, such engineered tissues may be useful for the ex vivo study of drug toxicity, developmental biology, and physiology in the laboratory. Over the long term, they have potential clinical applications in the general fields of transplantation, regenerative medicine, and bioartificial medical devices to aid in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Nigam
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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35
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Suleiman H, Zhang L, Roth R, Heuser JE, Miner JH, Shaw AS, Dani A. Nanoscale protein architecture of the kidney glomerular basement membrane. eLife 2013; 2:e01149. [PMID: 24137544 PMCID: PMC3790497 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play structural and functional roles in essentially all organs, so understanding ECM protein organization in health and disease remains an important goal. Here, we used sub-diffraction resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to resolve the in situ molecular organization of proteins within the kidney glomerular basement membrane (GBM), an essential mediator of glomerular ultrafiltration. Using multichannel STORM and STORM-electron microscopy correlation, we constructed a molecular reference frame that revealed a laminar organization of ECM proteins within the GBM. Separate analyses of domains near the N- and C-termini of agrin, laminin, and collagen IV in mouse and human GBM revealed a highly oriented macromolecular organization. Our analysis also revealed disruptions in this GBM architecture in a mouse model of Alport syndrome. These results provide the first nanoscopic glimpse into the organization of a complex ECM. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01149.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Suleiman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , United States
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BB0172, a Borrelia burgdorferi outer membrane protein that binds integrin α3β1. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:3320-30. [PMID: 23687274 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00187-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is a multisystemic disorder caused by Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Upon infection, some B. burgdorferi genes are upregulated, including members of the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) protein family, which facilitate B. burgdorferi adherence to extracellular matrix components of the host. Comparative genome analysis has revealed a new family of B. burgdorferi proteins containing the von Willebrand factor A (vWFA) domain. In the present study, we characterized the expression and membrane association of the vWFA domain-containing protein BB0172 by using in vitro transcription/translation systems in the presence of microsomal membranes and with detergent phase separation assays. Our results showed evidence of BB0172 localization in the outer membrane, the orientation of the vWFA domain to the extracellular environment, and its function as a metal ion-dependent integrin-binding protein. This is the first report of a borrelial adhesin with a metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) motif that is similar to those observed in eukaryotic integrins and has a similar function.
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Swiatecka-Urban A. Membrane trafficking in podocyte health and disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28:1723-37. [PMID: 22932996 PMCID: PMC3578983 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells localized in the kidney glomerulus. The distinct cell signaling events and unique cytoskeletal architecture tailor podocytes to withstand changes in hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration. Alteration of glomerular filtration leads to kidney disease and frequently manifests with proteinuria. It has been increasingly recognized that cell signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics are coupled more tightly to membrane trafficking than previously thought. Membrane trafficking coordinates the cross-talk between protein networks and signaling cascades in a spatially and temporally organized fashion and may be viewed as a communication highway between the cell exterior and interior. Membrane trafficking involves transport of cargo from the plasma membrane to the cell interior (i.e., endocytosis) followed by cargo trafficking to lysosomes for degradation or to the plasma membrane for recycling. Yet, recent studies indicate that the conventional classification does not fully reflect the complex and versatile nature of membrane trafficking. While the increasing complexity of elaborate protein scaffolds and signaling cascades is being recognized in podocytes, the role of membrane trafficking is less well understood. This review will focus on the role of membrane trafficking in podocyte health and disease.
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Abstract
Proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD), once a rare affliction believed to be mainly caused by genetic mutations, has become a global pandemic that severely diminishes the quality of life for millions. Despite the changing face of CKD, treatment options and resources remain woefully antiquated and have failed to arrest or reverse the effects of kidney-related diseases. Histological and genetic data strongly implicate one promising target: the podocyte. Podocytes are terminally differentiated cells of the kidney glomerulus that are essential for the integrity of the kidney filter. Their function is primarily based on their intricate structure, which includes foot processes. Loss of these actin-driven membrane extensions is tightly connected to the presence of protein in the urine, podocyte loss, development of CKD, and ultimately renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Chen Y, Rice W, Gu Z, Li J, Huang J, Brenner MB, Van Hoek A, Xiong J, Gundersen GG, Norman JC, Hsu VW, Fenton RA, Brown D, Lu HAJ. Aquaporin 2 promotes cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:1506-17. [PMID: 22859853 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporin 2 (AQP2) water channel, expressed in kidney collecting ducts, contributes critically to water homeostasis in mammals. Animals lacking or having significantly reduced levels of AQP2, however, have not only urinary concentrating abnormalities but also renal tubular defects that lead to neonatal mortality from renal failure. Here, we show that AQP2 is not only a water channel but also an integrin-binding membrane protein that promotes cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis. AQP2 expression modulates the trafficking and internalization of integrin β1, facilitating its turnover at focal adhesions. In vitro, disturbing the interaction between AQP2 and integrin β1 by mutating the RGD motif led to reduced endocytosis, retention of integrin β1 at the cell surface, and defective cell migration and tubulogenesis. Similarly, in vivo, AQP2-null mice exhibited significant retention of integrin β1 at the basolateral membrane and had tubular abnormalities. In summary, these data suggest that the water channel AQP2 interacts with integrins to promote renal epithelial cell migration, contributing to the structural and functional integrity of the mammalian kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abstract
The kidney develops from direct interactions between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. The ureteric bud gives rise to the collecting system and the metanephric mesenchyme to the nephrons. The complex process of renal development which occurs between these embryologically distinct structures is mediated by numerous factors, including the communication of cells with their surrounding extracellular matrix. Integrins are the principal cellular receptors for extracellular matrix proteins, and they play a role in organ and tissue development. In this review we focus on how integrins regulate renal development.
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Amann K, Haas CS, Schüssler J, Daniel C, Hartner A, Schöcklmann HO. Beneficial effects of integrin αvβ3-blocking RGD peptides in early but not late phase of experimental glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:1755-68. [PMID: 22049183 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin αvβ3 plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and neoangiogenesis. We found mesangial de novo expression of integrin αvβ3 in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MesGN). The aim of the study was to clarify if blockade of αvβ3 integrin with the specific αvβ3-blocking cyclic peptide RGDdFV (cRGD) has beneficial effects on the course of this disease. METHODS Habu snake venom (Habu) GN was induced in male C57BL/6 mice 1 week after uninephrectomy (6 mg Habu toxin/kg body weight intravenously). After 24 h, nephritic animals received αvβ3-inhibitory cRGD or cRAD control peptides for 3 or 7 days, respectively. The kidneys were investigated using morphometry, immunohistochemistry and TaqMan polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS At Day 3, serum creatinine and albuminuria were lower after cRGD compared to cRAD treatment. At Day 3, glomerulosclerosis index, percentage of glomerular injury, mesangial cell (MC) number and volume density of mesangial matrix were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in cRGD-treated mice than in cRAD-treated controls. At Day 7, only a mild effect of cRGD on mesangial matrix expansion and fibronectin messenger RNA was still detectable (P < 0.05). Complementary in vitro studies in MCs revealed that inhibition of αvβ3 by cRGD-blocked adhesion, reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of MCs. CONCLUSION Habu GN inhibition of integrin αvβ3 by cRGD partly ameliorates early injury but has no or only mild effects on late glomerular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Amann
- Department of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Forced expression of laminin beta1 in podocytes prevents nephrotic syndrome in mice lacking laminin beta2, a model for Pierson syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:15348-53. [PMID: 21876163 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108269108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pierson syndrome is a congenital nephrotic syndrome with ocular and neurological defects caused by mutations in LAMB2, the gene encoding the basement membrane protein laminin β2 (Lamβ2). It is the kidney glomerular basement membrane (GBM) that is defective in Pierson syndrome, as Lamβ2 is a component of laminin-521 (LM-521; α5β2γ1), the major laminin in the mature GBM. In both Pierson syndrome and the Lamb2(-/-) mouse model for this disease, laminin β1 (Lamβ1), a structurally similar homolog of Lamβ2, is marginally increased in the GBM, but it fails to fully compensate for the loss of Lamβ2, leading to the filtration barrier defects and nephrotic syndrome. Here we generated several lines of Lamβ1 transgenic mice and used them to show that podocyte-specific Lamβ1 expression in Lamb2(-/-) mice abrogates the development of nephrotic syndrome, correlating with a greatly extended lifespan. In addition, the more Lamβ1 was expressed, the less urinary albumin was excreted. Transgenic Lamβ1 expression increased the level of Lamα5 in the GBM of rescued mice, consistent with the desired increased deposition of laminin-511 (α5β1γ1) trimers. Ultrastructural analysis revealed occasional knob-like subepithelial GBM thickening but intact podocyte foot processes in aged rescued mice. These results suggest the possibility that up-regulation of LAMB1 in podocytes, should it become achievable, would likely lessen the severity of nephrotic syndrome in patients carrying LAMB2 mutations.
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Whaley-Connell A, Habibi J, Panfili Z, Hayden MR, Bagree S, Nistala R, Hyder S, Krueger B, Demarco V, Pulakat L, Ferrario CM, Parrish A, Sowers JR. Angiotensin II activation of mTOR results in tubulointerstitial fibrosis through loss of N-cadherin. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34:115-25. [PMID: 21720156 DOI: 10.1159/000329327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Angiotensin (Ang) II contributes to tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Recent data highlight mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling in tubulointerstitial fibrosis; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Thereby, we investigated the role of Ang II on mTOR/S6K1-dependent proximal tubule (PT) injury, remodeling, and fibrosis. METHODS We utilized young transgenic Ren2 rats (R2-T) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD-T) treated with the Ang type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) blocker telmisartan (2 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1)) or vehicle (R2-C; SD-C) for 3 weeks to examine PT structure and function. RESULTS Ren2 rats displayed increased systolic blood pressure, proteinuria and increased PT oxidant stress and remodeling. There were parallel increases in kidney injury molecule-1 and reductions in neprilysin and megalin with associated ultrastructural findings of decreased clathrin-coated pits, endosomes, and vacuoles. Ren2 rats displayed increased Serine(2448) phosphorylation of mTOR and downstream S6K1, in concert with ultrastructural basement membrane thickening, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and loss of the adhesion molecule N-cadherin. Telmisartan treatment attenuated proteinuria as well as the biochemical and tubulointerstitial structural abnormalities seen in the Ren2 rats. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that Ang II activation of the AT(1)R contributes to PT brush border injury and remodeling, in part, due to enhanced mTOR/S6K1 signaling which promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis through loss of N-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Whaley-Connell
- Harry S. Truman VA Medical Center, and the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, USA. whaleyconnella @ health.missouri.edu
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Matsuura S, Kondo S, Suga K, Kinoshita Y, Urushihara M, Kagami S. Expression of focal adhesion proteins in the developing rat kidney. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:864-74. [PMID: 21705647 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411413929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions play a critical role as centers that transduce signals by cell-matrix interactions and regulate fundamental processes such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), and hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5) are major proteins that contribute to these events. In this study, we investigated the expression of focal adhesion proteins in the developing rat kidney. Western blotting analysis revealed that the protein levels of FAK, p-FAK(397), paxillin, p-paxillin(118), and Hic-5 were high in embryonic kidneys, while ILK expression persisted from the embryonic to the mature stage. Immunohistochemistry revealed that FAK, p-FAK(397), paxillin, and p-paxillin(118) were strongly expressed in condensed mesenchymal cells and the ureteric bud. They were detected in elongating tubules and immature glomerular cells in the nephrogenic zone. Hic-5 was predominantly expressed in mesenchymal cells as well as immature glomerular endothelial and mesangial cells, suggesting that Hic-5 might be involved in mesenchymal cell development. ILK expression was similar to that of FAK in the developmental stages. Interestingly, ILK was strongly expressed in podocytes in mature glomeruli. ILK might play a role in epithelial cell differentiation as well as kidney growth and morphogenesis. In conclusion, the temporospatially regulated expression of focal adhesion proteins during kidney development might play a role in morphogenesis and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sato Matsuura
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Tamma G, Lasorsa D, Ranieri M, Mastrofrancesco L, Valenti G, Svelto M. Integrin signaling modulates AQP2 trafficking via Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:739-48. [PMID: 21691091 DOI: 10.1159/000330082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) increases the water permeability of renal collecting ducts in response to vasopressin. Vasopressin stimulation is accompanied by a profound remodeling of actin cytoskeleton whose dynamics are regulated by crosstalk between intracellular and extracellular signals. Here, we report that AQP2 contains a conserved RGD domain in its external C-loop. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that AQP2 binds integrin β1 in renal tissue and in MCD4 cells. To investigate the role of this interaction on AQP2 trafficking, cells were exposed to synthetic RGD-containing peptides, GRGDNP or GRGDSP, able to bind certain integrins. Incubation with these peptides increased the membrane expression of AQP2 in the absence of hormonal stimulation as assessed by confocal analysis and cell surface biotinylation. To identify the signals underlying the effects of peptides on AQP2 trafficking, some possible intracellular messengers were evaluated. Exposure of MCD4 cells to GRGDNP increased intracellular cAMP as assessed by FRET studies while GRGDSP increased intracellular calcium concentration. Taken together, these data propose integrins as new players controlling the cellular localization of AQP2, via two distinct signal transduction pathways dependent on cAMP and calcium respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Tamma
- Department of General and Environmental Physiology, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Mechanisms and consequences of TGF-ß overexpression by podocytes in progressive podocyte disease. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:129-40. [PMID: 21541658 PMCID: PMC3250617 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In patients with progressive podocyte disease, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy, upregulation of transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is observed in podocytes. Mechanical pressure or biomechanical strain in podocytopathies may cause overexpression of TGF-ß and angiotensin II (Ang II). Oxidative stress induced by Ang II may activate the latent TGF-ß, which then activates Smads and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in podocytes. Enhanced TGF-ß activity in podocytes may lead to thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by overproduction of GBM proteins and impaired GBM degradation in podocyte disease. It may also lead to podocyte apoptosis and detachment from the GBM, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocytes, initiating the development of glomerulosclerosis. Furthermore, activated TGF-ß/Smad signaling by podocytes may induce connective tissue growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression, which could act as a paracrine effector mechanism on mesangial cells to stimulate mesangial matrix synthesis. In proliferative podocytopathies, such as cellular or collapsing FSGS, TGF-ß-induced ERK activation may play a role in podocyte proliferation, possibly via TGF-ß-induced EMT of podocytes. Collectively, these data bring new mechanistic insights into our understanding of the TGF-ß overexpression by podocytes in progressive podocyte disease.
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From kidney development to drug delivery and tissue engineering strategies in renal regenerative medicine. J Control Release 2011; 152:177-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pulakat L, DeMarco VG, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. The Impact of Overnutrition on Insulin Metabolic Signaling in the Heart and the Kidney. Cardiorenal Med 2011; 1:102-112. [PMID: 22258397 DOI: 10.1159/000327140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition characterized by overconsumption of food rich in fat and carbohydrates is a significant contributor to hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and the cardiorenal syndrome. Overnutrition activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and causes chronic exposure of cardiovascular and renal tissue to increased circulating nutrients, insulin (INS), and angiotensin II (ANG II). Emerging evidence suggests that overnutrition, aldosterone, and ANG II promote INS resistance, a chronic condition that underlies these co-morbidities, through activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling pathway in cardiovascular tissue and the kidney. However, a novel ANG II type 2 receptor (AT2R)-mediated cross talk between the RAAS and mTOR pathways ameliorates overnutrition-induced activation of mTOR/S6K1 signaling in cardiovascular tissue of rats, mice, and humans and confers cardioprotection.
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Girgert R, Martin M, Kruegel J, Miosge N, Temme J, Eckes B, Müller GA, Gross O. Integrin α2-deficient mice provide insights into specific functions of collagen receptors in the kidney. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2010; 3:19. [PMID: 20860797 PMCID: PMC2954872 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-3-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Integrins are important cellular receptors for collagens. Within the glomerulus, podocytes regulate the integrity of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by sensing the presence of collagen and regulating collagen IV synthesis. The present study evaluates the role of integrin α2 (ITGA2) in cell-matrix interaction. Methods and Results ITGA2-deficient mice had normal renal function but moderate proteinuria and enhanced glomerular and tubulointerstitial matrix deposition. Electron microscopy demonstrated irregular podocyte-matrix interaction, causing pathological protrusions towards the urinary (podocyte) side of the GBM. These characteristic subepithelial bulges mimic the renal phenotype of mice, which are deficient in another collagen receptor, discoidin domain receptor (DDR)1. Using immunogold staining, ITGA2 expression was found to localize to the basolateral site of the podocyte foot processes. ITGA2-deficient mice overexpressed transforming growth factor (TGF)β and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) compared with wild-type mice. Using in situ hybridization, tubular cells were found to be the primary site of TGFβ synthesis and podocytes the source of CTGF in ITGA2-deficient mice. Conclusion These findings support our hypothesis that both these collagen receptors (ITGA2 and DDR1) play a similar role within the kidney. Further, cell-matrix interaction via collagen receptors seems to be crucial for maintenance of normal GBM architecture and function. Targeting collagen receptors such as ITGA2 might be a new form of treatment for progressive fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Girgert
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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