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Sha S, Jin N, Xie X, Zhou R, Ruan Y, Ouyang Y. Ethyl pyruvate alleviates NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38940222 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammation-associated programmed cell death, and neuroinflammation is strongly associated with severe neurological deficits in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a known anti-inflammatory agent, has shown promise in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) rats; nevertheless, the therapeutic mechanism of EP and its capacity to suppress neuronal pyroptosis in HIBD rats remain unclear. In both the neonatal Rice-Vannucci rat model and the OGD/R model, this study examined alterations in the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD classical pyroptosis pathway in hippocampal neurons during HIE and the potential inhibitory impact of ethyl pyruvate on this pathway. We used HE staining, immunofluorescence double staining, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot to demonstrate that EP effectively inhibited hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis and attenuated the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway in HIBD rats, which resulted in a reduction of neuroinflammation and facilitated neural recovery. The results suggest that EP may be a promising neuroprotective agent for treating HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Jin
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyu Zhou
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanghao Ruan
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Tang W, Wei Q. The metabolic pathway regulation in kidney injury and repair. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1344271. [PMID: 38283280 PMCID: PMC10811252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1344271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury and repair are accompanied by significant disruptions in metabolic pathways, leading to renal cell dysfunction and further contributing to the progression of renal pathology. This review outlines the complex involvement of various energy production pathways in glucose, lipid, amino acid, and ketone body metabolism within the kidney. We provide a comprehensive summary of the aberrant regulation of these metabolic pathways in kidney injury and repair. After acute kidney injury (AKI), there is notable mitochondrial damage and oxygen/nutrient deprivation, leading to reduced activity in glycolysis and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Additionally, disruptions occur in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), amino acid metabolism, and the supply of ketone bodies. The subsequent kidney repair phase is characterized by a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, along with decreased fatty acid β-oxidation and continued disturbances in amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the impact of metabolism dysfunction on renal cell injury, regeneration, and the development of renal fibrosis is analyzed. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies by targeting renal metabolic regulation to ameliorate kidney injury and fibrosis and promote kidney repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Tang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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3
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Yi JH, Jeon SJ, Kwon H, Cho E, Jeon J, Moon S, Park AY, Kwon HJ, Lee YH, Kwon KJ, Shin CY, Kim DH. Ethyl pyruvate prevents long-term stress-induced cognitive decline and modulates Akt/GSK-3β signaling. Life Sci 2023; 328:121901. [PMID: 37391067 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Stress is an inevitable part of life and, simultaneously, a stimulus that can trigger various neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, proper stress management is essential for maintaining a healthy life. In this study, we investigated the suppression of stress-induced cognitive deficit by controlling changes in synaptic plasticity caused by stress and confirmed that ethyl pyruvate (EP) has such an effect. Corticosterone, a stress hormone, suppresses long-term potentiation (LTP) in mouse acute hippocampal slices. EP blocked the LTP inhibitory effect of corticosterone by regulating GSK-3β function. Restraint stress for 2 weeks increased the anxiety levels and caused the cognitive decline in the experimental animals. Administration of EP for 14 days did not affect the increase in anxiety caused by stress but improved cognitive decline caused by stress. In addition, the decrease in neurogenesis and synaptic function deficits in the hippocampus, which cause of cognitive decline due to stress, were improved by EP administration. These effects appear via regulation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling, as in in vitro studies. These results suggest that EP prevents stress-induced cognitive decline through the modulation of Akt/GSK-3β-mediated synaptic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Yi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - A Young Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Sae-Khow K, Phuengmaung P, Issara-Amphorn J, Makjaroen J, Visitchanakun P, Boonmee A, Benjaskulluecha S, Palaga T, Leelahavanichkul A. Less Severe Polymicrobial Sepsis in Conditional mgmt-Deleted Mice Using LysM-Cre System, Impacts of DNA Methylation and MGMT Inhibitor in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10175. [PMID: 37373325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA suicide repair enzyme that might be important during sepsis but has never been explored. Then, the proteomic analysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated wild-type (WT) macrophages increased proteasome proteins and reduced oxidative phosphorylation proteins compared with control, possibly related to cell injury. With LPS stimulation, mgmt null (mgmtflox/flox; LysM-Crecre/-) macrophages demonstrated less profound inflammation; supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and pro-inflammatory genes (iNOS and IL-1β), with higher DNA break (phosphohistone H2AX) and cell-free DNA, but not malondialdehyde (the oxidative stress), compared with the littermate control (mgmtflox/flox; LysM-Cre-/-). In parallel, mgmt null mice (MGMT loss only in the myeloid cells) demonstrated less severe sepsis in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model (with antibiotics), as indicated by survival and other parameters compared with sepsis in the littermate control. The mgmt null protective effect was lost in CLP mice without antibiotics, highlighting the importance of microbial control during sepsis immune modulation. However, an MGMT inhibitor in CLP with antibiotics in WT mice attenuated serum cytokines but not mortality, requiring further studies. In conclusion, an absence of mgmt in macrophages resulted in less severe CLP sepsis, implying a possible influence of guanine DNA methylation and repair in macrophages during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Makjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Atsadang Boonmee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Salisa Benjaskulluecha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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5
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Saisorn W, Phuengmaung P, Issara-Amphorn J, Makjaroen J, Visitchanakun P, Sae-Khow K, Boonmee A, Benjaskulluecha S, Nita-Lazar A, Palaga T, Leelahavanichkul A. Less Severe Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Conditional mgmt-Deleted Mice with LysM-Cre System: The Loss of DNA Repair in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10139. [PMID: 37373287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the known influence of DNA methylation from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation, data on the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT, a DNA suicide repair enzyme) in macrophages is still lacking. The transcriptomic profiling of epigenetic enzymes from wild-type macrophages after single and double LPS stimulation, representing acute inflammation and LPS tolerance, respectively, was performed. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of mgmt in the macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) and mgmt null (mgmtflox/flox; LysM-Crecre/-) macrophages demonstrated lower secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 and lower expression of pro-inflammatory genes (iNOS and IL-1β) compared with the control. Macrophage injury after a single LPS dose and LPS tolerance was demonstrated by reduced cell viability and increased oxidative stress (dihydroethidium) compared with the activated macrophages from littermate control mice (mgmtflox/flox; LysM-Cre-/-). Additionally, a single LPS dose and LPS tolerance also caused mitochondrial toxicity, as indicated by reduced maximal respiratory capacity (extracellular flux analysis) in the macrophages of both mgmt null and control mice. However, LPS upregulated mgmt only in LPS-tolerant macrophages but not after the single LPS stimulation. In mice, the mgmt null group demonstrated lower serum TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 than control mice after either single or double LPS stimulation. Suppressed cytokine production resulting from an absence of mgmt in macrophages caused less severe LPS-induced inflammation but might worsen LPS tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilasinee Saisorn
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
| | - Jiradej Makjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Atsadang Boonmee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Salisa Benjaskulluecha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Phuengmaung P, Khiewkamrop P, Makjaroen J, Issara-Amphorn J, Boonmee A, Benjaskulluecha S, Ritprajak P, Nita-Lazar A, Palaga T, Hirankarn N, Leelahavanichkul A. Less Severe Sepsis in Cecal Ligation and Puncture Models with and without Lipopolysaccharide in Mice with Conditional Ezh2-Deleted Macrophages (LysM-Cre System). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108517. [PMID: 37239864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a previous report on less inflammatory responses in mice with an absence of the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (Ezh2), a histone lysine methyltransferase of epigenetic regulation, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection model, proteomic analysis and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a sepsis model that more resembles human conditions was devised. As such, analysis of cellular and secreted protein (proteome and secretome) after a single LPS activation and LPS tolerance in macrophages from Ezh2 null (Ezh2flox/flox; LysM-Crecre/-) mice (Ezh2 null) and the littermate control mice (Ezh2fl/fl; LysM-Cre-/-) (Ezh2 control) compared with the unstimulated cells from each group indicated fewer activities in Ezh2 null macrophages, especially by the volcano plot analysis. Indeed, supernatant IL-1β and expression of genes in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization (IL-1β and iNOS), TNF-α, and NF-κB (a transcription factor) were lower in Ezh2 null macrophages compared with the control. In LPS tolerance, downregulated NF-κB compared with the control was also demonstrated in Ezh2 null cells. In CLP sepsis mice, those with CLP alone and CLP at 2 days after twice receiving LPS injection, representing sepsis and sepsis after endotoxemia, respectively, symptoms were less severe in Ezh2 null mice, as indicated by survival analysis and other biomarkers. However, the Ezh2 inhibitor improved survival only in CLP, but not LPS with CLP. In conclusion, an absence of Ezh2 in macrophages resulted in less severe sepsis, and the use of an Ezh2 inhibitor might be beneficial in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Phuriwat Khiewkamrop
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Makjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Atsadang Boonmee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Salisa Benjaskulluecha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Ritprajak
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Zhang P, Bai L, Tong Y, Guo S, Lu W, Yuan Y, Wang W, Jin Y, Gao P, Liu J. CIRP attenuates acute kidney injury after hypothermic cardiovascular surgery by inhibiting PHD3/HIF-1α-mediated ROS-TGF-β1/p38 MAPK activation and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Mol Med 2023; 29:61. [PMID: 37127576 PMCID: PMC10152741 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ischemia-reperfusion (IR) environment during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) cardiovascular surgery is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), which lacks preventive measure and treatment. It was reported that cold inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) can be induced under hypoxic and hypothermic stress and may have a protective effect on multiple organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CIRP could exert renoprotective effect during hypothermic IR and the potential mechanisms. METHODS Utilizing RNA-sequencing, we compared the differences in gene expression between Cirp knockout rats and wild-type rats after DHCA and screened the possible mechanisms. Then, we established the hypothermic oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model using HK-2 cells transfected with siRNA to verify the downstream pathways and explore potential pharmacological approach. The effects of CIRP and enarodustat (JTZ-951) on renal IR injury (IRI) were investigated in vivo and in vitro using multiple levels of pathological and molecular biological experiments. RESULTS We discovered that Cirp knockout significantly upregulated rat Phd3 expression, which is the key regulator of HIF-1α, thereby inhibiting HIF-1α after DHCA. In addition, deletion of Cirp in rat model promoted apoptosis and aggravated renal injury by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and significant activation of the TGF-β1/p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway. Then, based on the HK-2 cell model of hypothermic OGD, we found that CIRP silencing significantly stimulated the expression of the TGF-β1/p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway by activating the PHD3/HIF-1α axis, and induced more severe apoptosis through the mitochondrial cytochrome c-Apaf-1-caspase 9 and FADD-caspase 8 death receptor pathways compared with untransfected cells. However, silencing PHD3 remarkably activated the expression of HIF-1α and alleviated the apoptosis of HK-2 cells in hypothermic OGD. On this basis, by pretreating HK-2 and rats with enarodustat, a novel HIF-1α stabilizer, we found that enarodustat significantly mitigated renal cellular apoptosis under hypothermic IR and reversed the aggravated IRI induced by CIRP defect, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that CIRP may confer renoprotection against hypothermic IRI by suppressing PHD3/HIF-1α-mediated apoptosis. PHD3 inhibitors and HIF-1α stabilizers may have clinical value in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102308, China
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Liting Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Shengwen Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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8
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The Regulatory Roles of Ezh2 in Response to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Macrophages and Mice with Conditional Ezh2 Deletion with LysM-Cre System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065363. [PMID: 36982437 PMCID: PMC10049283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The responses of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) might determine the direction of clinical manifestations of sepsis, which is the immune response against severe infection. Meanwhile, the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (Ezh2), a histone lysine methyltransferase of epigenetic regulation, might interfere with LPS response. Transcriptomic analysis on LPS-activated wild-type macrophages demonstrated an alteration of several epigenetic enzymes. Although the Ezh2-silencing macrophages (RAW264.7), using small interfering RNA (siRNA), indicated a non-different response to the control cells after a single LPS stimulation, the Ezh2-reducing cells demonstrated a less severe LPS tolerance, after two LPS stimulations, as determined by the higher supernatant TNF-α. With a single LPS stimulation, Ezh2 null (Ezh2flox/flox; LysM-Crecre/−) macrophages demonstrated lower supernatant TNF-α than Ezh2 control (Ezh2fl/fl; LysM-Cre−/−), perhaps due to an upregulation of Socs3, which is a suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, due to the loss of the Ezh2 gene. In LPS tolerance, Ezh2 null macrophages indicated higher supernatant TNF-α and IL-6 than the control, supporting an impact of the loss of the Ezh2 inhibitory gene. In parallel, Ezh2 null mice demonstrated lower serum TNF-α and IL-6 than the control mice after an LPS injection, indicating a less severe LPS-induced hyper-inflammation in Ezh2 null mice. On the other hand, there were similar serum cytokines after LPS tolerance and the non-reduction of serum cytokines after the second dose of LPS, indicating less severe LPS tolerance in Ezh2 null mice compared with control mice. In conclusion, an absence of Ezh2 in macrophages resulted in less severe LPS-induced inflammation, as indicated by low serum cytokines, with less severe LPS tolerance, as demonstrated by higher cytokine production, partly through the upregulated Socs3.
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Tongthong T, Kaewduangduen W, Phuengmaung P, Chancharoenthana W, Leelahavanichkul A. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus dfa1 Attenuate Cecal Ligation-Induced Systemic Inflammation through the Interference in Gut Dysbiosis, Leaky Gut, and Enterocytic Cell Energy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043756. [PMID: 36835163 PMCID: PMC9960508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an uncommon condition, the clinical management of phlegmon appendicitis (retention of the intra-abdominal appendiceal abscess) is still controversial, and probiotics might be partly helpful. Then, the retained ligated cecal appendage (without gut obstruction) with or without oral Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus dfa1 (started at 4 days prior to the surgery) was used as a representative model. At 5 days post-surgery, the cecal-ligated mice demonstrated weight loss, soft stool, gut barrier defect (leaky gut using FITC-dextran assay), fecal dysbiosis (increased Proteobacteria with reduced bacterial diversity), bacteremia, elevated serum cytokines, and spleen apoptosis without kidney and liver damage. Interestingly, the probiotics attenuated disease severity as indicated by stool consistency index, FITC-dextran assay, serum cytokines, spleen apoptosis, fecal microbiota analysis (reduced Proteobacteria), and mortality. Additionally, impacts of anti-inflammatory substances from culture media of the probiotics were demonstrated by attenuation of starvation injury in the Caco-2 enterocyte cell line as indicated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), inflammatory markers (supernatant IL-8 with gene expression of TLR4 and NF-κB), cell energy status (extracellular flux analysis), and the reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde). In conclusion, gut dysbiosis and leaky-gut-induced systemic inflammation might be helpful clinical parameters for patients with phlegmon appendicitis. Additionally, the leaky gut might be attenuated by some beneficial molecules from probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongthong Tongthong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warerat Kaewduangduen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-256-4251
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10
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Abdelwahed OM, Aboulhoda BE, Awadallah MY, Gouda SAA, Abdallah H, Rashed L, Khaled M, Ghobrial EE, Alghabban HM, Sharawy N. Prediction of acute kidney injury using a combined model of inflammatory vascular endothelium biomarkers and ultrasound indices. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 84:283-301. [PMID: 37212089 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis, with the burden of long hospital admission. Early prediction of AKI is the most effective strategy for intervention and improvement of the outcomes. OBJECTIVE In our study, we aimed to investigate the predictive performance of the combined model using ultrasound indices (grayscale and Doppler indieces), endothelium injury (E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM1, Angiopoietin 2, syndecan-1, and eNOS) as well as inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-a, and IL-1β) to identify AKI. METHODS Sixty albino rats were divided into control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups. Renal ultrasound, biochemical and immunohistological variables were recorded 6 hrs, 24 hrs, and 48 hrs after AKI. RESULTS Endothelium injury and inflammatory markers were found to be significantly increased early after AKI, and correlated significantly with kidney size reduction and renal resistance indices elevation. CONCLUSIONS Using area under the curve (AUC), the combined model was analyzed based on ultrasound and biochemical variables and provided the highest predictive value for renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryse Youssef Awadallah
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hend Abdallah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Khaled
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad E Ghobrial
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadel M Alghabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Blood Bacteria-Free DNA in Septic Mice Enhances LPS-Induced Inflammation in Mice through Macrophage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031907. [PMID: 35163830 PMCID: PMC8836862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bacteria-free DNA in blood during systemic infection is mainly derived from bacterial death, translocation of the DNA from the gut into the blood circulation (gut translocation) is also possible. Hence, several mouse models with experiments on macrophages were conducted to explore the sources, influences, and impacts of bacteria-free DNA in sepsis. First, bacteria-free DNA and bacteriome in blood were demonstrated in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis mice. Second, administration of bacterial lysate (a source of bacterial DNA) in dextran sulfate solution (DSS)-induced mucositis mice elevated blood bacteria-free DNA without bacteremia supported gut translocation of free DNA. The absence of blood bacteria-free DNA in DSS mice without bacterial lysate implies an impact of the abundance of bacterial DNA in intestinal contents on the translocation of free DNA. Third, higher serum cytokines in mice after injection of combined bacterial DNA with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), when compared to LPS injection alone, supported an influence of blood bacteria-free DNA on systemic inflammation. The synergistic effects of free DNA and LPS on macrophage pro-inflammatory responses, as indicated by supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10), pro-inflammatory genes (NFκB, iNOS, and IL-1β), and profound energy alteration (enhanced glycolysis with reduced mitochondrial functions), which was neutralized by TLR-9 inhibition (chloroquine), were demonstrated. In conclusion, the presence of bacteria-free DNA in sepsis mice is partly due to gut translocation of bacteria-free DNA into the systemic circulation, which would enhance sepsis severity. Inhibition of the responses against bacterial DNA by TLR-9 inhibition could attenuate LPS-DNA synergy in macrophages and might help improve sepsis hyper-inflammation in some situations.
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Thim-Uam A, Makjaroen J, Issara-Amphorn J, Saisorn W, Wannigama DL, Chancharoenthana W, Leelahavanichkul A. Enhanced Bacteremia in Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Splenectomy Mice Correlates with Gut Dysbiosis and LPS Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1676. [PMID: 35163596 PMCID: PMC8836212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Because both endotoxemia and gut dysbiosis post-splenectomy might be associated with systemic infection, the susceptibility against infection was tested by dextran sulfate solution (DSS)-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection models in splenectomy mice with macrophage experiments. Here, splenectomy induced a gut barrier defect (FITC-dextran assay, endotoxemia, bacteria in mesenteric lymph nodes, and the loss of enterocyte tight junction) and gut dysbiosis (increased Proteobacteria by fecal microbiome analysis) without systemic inflammation (serum IL-6). In parallel, DSS induced more severe mucositis in splenectomy mice than sham-DSS mice, as indicated by mortality, stool consistency, gut barrier defect, serum cytokines, and blood bacterial burdens. The presence of green fluorescent-producing (GFP) E. coli in the spleen of sham-DSS mice after an oral gavage supported a crucial role of the spleen in the control of bacteria from gut translocation. Additionally, LPS administration in splenectomy mice induced lower serum cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) than LPS-administered sham mice, perhaps due to LPS tolerance from pre-existing post-splenectomy endotoxemia. In macrophages, LPS tolerance (sequential LPS stimulation) demonstrated lower cell activities than the single LPS stimulation, as indicated by the reduction in supernatant cytokines, pro-inflammatory genes (iNOS and IL-1β), cell energy status (extracellular flux analysis), and enzymes of the glycolysis pathway (proteomic analysis). In conclusion, a gut barrier defect after splenectomy was vulnerable to enterocyte injury (such as DSS), which caused severe bacteremia due to defects in microbial control (asplenia) and endotoxemia-induced LPS tolerance. Hence, gut dysbiosis and gut bacterial translocation in patients with a splenectomy might be associated with systemic infection, and gut-barrier monitoring or intestinal tight-junction strengthening may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthid Thim-Uam
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Jiradej Makjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.I.-A.); (W.S.); (D.L.W.)
| | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.I.-A.); (W.S.); (D.L.W.)
| | - Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.I.-A.); (W.S.); (D.L.W.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Tropical Nephrology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.I.-A.); (W.S.); (D.L.W.)
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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13
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Makjaroen J, Thim-Uam A, Dang CP, Pisitkun T, Somparn P, Leelahavanichkul A. A Comparison Between 1 Day versus 7 Days of Sepsis in Mice with the Experiments on LPS-Activated Macrophages Support the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Sepsis Attenuation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:7243-7263. [PMID: 35221705 PMCID: PMC8866997 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s338383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because survival and death after sepsis are partly due to a proper immune adaptation and immune dysregulation, respectively, survivors and moribund mice after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis surgery and in vitro macrophage experiments were explored. Methods Characteristics of mice at 1-day and 7-days post-CLP, the representative of moribund mice (an innate immune hyper-responsiveness) and survivors (a successful control on innate immunity), respectively. In parallel, soluble heat aggregated immunoglobulin (sHA-Ig), a representative of immune complex, was tested in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages together with a test of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a molecule of adaptive immunity, on CLP sepsis mice. Results Except for a slight increase in alanine transaminase (liver injury), IL-10, endotoxemia, and gut leakage (FITC-dextran assay), most of the parameters in survivors (7-days post-CLP) were normalized, with enhanced adaptive immunity, including serum immunoglobulin (using serum protein electrophoresis) and activated immune cells in spleens (flow cytometry analysis). The addition of sHA-Ig in LPS-activated macrophages reduced supernatant cytokines, cell energy (extracellular flux analysis), reactive oxygen species (ROS), several cell activities (proteomic analysis), and Fc gamma receptors (FcgRs) expression. The loss of anti-inflammatory effect of sHA-Ig in LPS-activated macrophages from mice with a deficiency on Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb-/-), the only inhibitory signaling of FcgRs family, when compared with wild-type macrophages, implying the FcgRIIb-dependent mechanism. Moreover, IVIG attenuated sepsis severity in CLP mice as evaluated by serum creatinine, liver enzyme (alanine transaminase), serum cytokines, spleen apoptosis, and abundance of dendritic cells in the spleen (24-h post-CLP) and survival analysis. Conclusion Immunoglobulin attenuated LPS-activated macrophages, partly, through the reduced cell energy of macrophages and might play a role in sepsis immune hyper-responsiveness. Despite the debate over IVIG’s use in sepsis, IVIG might be beneficial in sepsis with certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiradej Makjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthid Thim-Uam
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Cong Phi Dang
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poorichaya Somparn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence: Asada Leelahavanichkul; Poorichaya Somparn Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, ThailandTel +666 2256 4132 Email
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14
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Chancharoenthana W, Udompronpitak K, Manochantr Y, Kantagowit P, Kaewkanha P, Issara-Amphorn J, Leelahavanichkul A. Repurposing of High-Dose Erythropoietin as a Potential Drug Attenuates Sepsis in Preconditioning Renal Injury. Cells 2021; 10:3133. [PMID: 34831360 PMCID: PMC8617638 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to (i) the uremia-enhanced sepsis severity, (ii) the high prevalence of sepsis with pre-existing renal injury and (iii) the non-erythropoiesis immunomodulation of erythropoietin (EPO), EPO was tested in sepsis with pre-existing renal injury models with the retrospective exploration in patients. Then, EPO was subcutaneously administered in mice with (i) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) after renal injury including 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx-CLP) and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx-CLP) or sham surgery (sham-CLP) and (ii) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, along with testing in macrophages. In patients, the data of EPO administration and the disease characteristics in patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (sepsis-AKI) were evaluated. As such, increased endogenous EPO was demonstrated in all sepsis models, including BiNx-CLP despite the reduced liver erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), using Western blot analysis and gene expression, in liver (partly through hepatocyte apoptosis). A high-dose EPO, but not a low-dose, attenuated sepsis in mouse models as determined by mortality and serum inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, EPO attenuated inflammatory responses in LPS-activated macrophages as determined by supernatant cytokines and the expression of several inflammatory genes (iNOS, IL-1β, STAT3 and NFκB). In parallel, patients with sepsis-AKI who were treated with the high-dose EPO showed favorable outcomes, particularly the 29-day mortality rate. In conclusion, high-dose EPO attenuated sepsis with preconditioning renal injury in mice possibly through the macrophage anti-inflammatory effect, which might be beneficial in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Tropical Nephrology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Kanyarat Udompronpitak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (Y.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (J.I.-A.)
| | - Yolradee Manochantr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (Y.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (J.I.-A.)
| | - Piyawat Kantagowit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (Y.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (J.I.-A.)
| | - Ponthakorn Kaewkanha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (Y.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (J.I.-A.)
| | - Jiraporn Issara-Amphorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (Y.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (J.I.-A.)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.U.); (Y.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (J.I.-A.)
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRITU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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15
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Huang L, Zhu L, Ou Z, Ma C, Kong L, Huang Y, Chen Y, Zhao H, Wen L, Wu J, Yuan Z, Yi J. Betulinic acid protects against renal damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2 signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108210. [PMID: 34628148 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, T-2 toxin was injected intraperitoneally in mice to establish kidney damage model and to evaluate the protective effects of BA and further reveal the molecular mechanism. BA pretreatment inhibited the T-2 toxin-stimulated increase in serum Crea, but showed no significant effect on serum Urea. BA pretreatment alleviated excessive glomerular hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration in kidneys caused by T-2 toxin. Moreover, pretreatment with BA mitigated T-2 toxin-induced renal oxidative damage by up-regulating the activities of SOD and CAT, and the content of GSH, while down-regulating the accumulation of ROS and MDA. Meanwhile, BA pretreatment markedly attenuated T-2 toxin-induced renal inflammatory response by decreasing the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10, and increasing IL-6 mRNA expression. Furthermore, mechanism research found that pretreatment with BA could activate Nrf2 signaling pathway. It was suggested that BA ameliorated the oxidative stress and inflammatory response of T-2 toxin-triggered renal damage by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Zhaoping Ou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - You Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Yazhi Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China.
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City 410128, China.
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16
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Lu C, Wang C, Xiao H, Chen M, Yang Z, Liang Z, Wang H, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang Q. Ethyl pyruvate: A newly discovered compound against ischemia-reperfusion injury in multiple organs. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105757. [PMID: 34302979 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a process whereby an initial ischemia injury and subsequent recovery of blood flow, which leads to the propagation of an innate immune response and the changes of structural and functional of multiple organs. Therefore, IRI is considered to be a great challenge in clinical treatment such as organ transplantation or coronary angioplasty. In recent years, ethyl pyruvate (EP), a derivative of pyruvate, has received great attention because of its stability and low toxicity. Previous studies have proved that EP has various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis. Compelling evidence has indicated EP plays a beneficial role in a variety of acute injury models, such as brain IRI, myocardial IRI, renal IRI, and hepatic IRI. Moreover, EP can not only effectively inhibit multiple IRI-induced pathological processes, but also improve the structural and functional lesion of tissues and organs. In this study, we review the recent progress in the research on EP and discuss their implications for a better understanding of multiple organ IRI, and the prospects of targeting the EP for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoxiang Xiao
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengfan Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China.
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17
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Sae-Khow K, Charoensappakit A, Visitchanakun P, Saisorn W, Svasti S, Fucharoen S, Leelahavanichkul A. Pathogen-Associated Molecules from Gut Translocation Enhance Severity of Cecal Ligation and Puncture Sepsis in Iron-Overload β-Thalassemia Mice. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:719-735. [PMID: 33116751 PMCID: PMC7569041 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s273329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic inflammation induced by gut translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of Gram-negative bacteria, in thalassemia with iron-overload worsens sepsis. However, the impact of (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG), a major fungal molecule, in iron-overload thalassemia is still unclear. Hence, the influence of BG was explored in 1) iron-overload mice with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery; and 2) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Methods The heterozygous β-globin-deficient mice, Hbbth3/+ mice, were used as representative thalassemia (TH) mice. Iron overload was generated by 6 months of oral iron administration before CLP surgery- induced sepsis in TH mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, BMMs from both mouse strains were used to explore the impact of BG. Results Without sepsis, iron-overload TH mice demonstrated more severe intestinal mucosal injury (gut leakage) with higher LPS and BG in serum, from gut translocation, when compared with WT mice. With CLP in iron-overload mice, sepsis severity in TH mice was more severe than WT as determined by survival analysis, organ injury (kidney and liver), bacteremia, endotoxemia, gut leakage (FITC-dextran) and serum BG. Activation by LPS plus BG (LPS+BG) in BMMs and in peripheral blood-derived neutrophils (both WT and TH cells) demonstrated more prominent cytokine production when compared with LPS activation alone. In parallel, LPS+BG also prominently induced genes expression of M1 macrophage polarization (iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β) in both WT and TH cells in comparison with LPS activation alone. In addition, LPS+BG activated macrophage cytokine production was enhanced by a high dose of ferric ion (800 mM), more predominantly in TH macrophages compared with WT cells. Moreover, LPS+BG induced higher glycolysis activity with similar respiratory capacity in RAW264.7 (a macrophage cell line) compared with LPS activation alone. These data support an additive pro-inflammatory effect of BG upon LPS. Conclusion The enhanced-severity of sepsis in iron-overload TH mice was due to 1) increased LPS and BG in serum from iron-induced gut-mucosal injury; and 2) the pro-inflammatory amplification by ferric ion on LPS+BG activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Awirut Charoensappakit
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liang G, Wu R, Jiang L, Liu Y, Mao G, Huang Z, Qi L, Jiang H. The role of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in acute kidney injury of septic mice. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2192-2199. [PMID: 33209683 PMCID: PMC7658152 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This experiment aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in kidney injury in septic mice induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Methods Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups: sham-operation group (Sham group) and septic group (CLP group). The septic model was simulated by cecal ligation and puncture method, but only cecal ligation was used for the sham operation group. The whole serum and renal tissue samples of the mice were collected 24 hours after modeling in both groups. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of renal tissue, the renal injury score was recorded, and the creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer, while the serum Lp-PLA2 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 7-day survival rate and the survival curve of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results Compared with the Sham group, the pathological score of renal injury in the CLP Group was higher, the level of Lp-PLA2 in serum was significantly increased (all P<0.01), and the expression of Lp-PLA2 in renal tissue was significantly elevated (all P<0.01). Furthermore, the 7-day survival rate of the Sham group was 90%, while that of CLP group was 25%. Conclusions The expression level of Lp-PLA2 in blood and kidney tissue of septic mice was increased and correlated with prognosis. However, the predictive value of Lp-PLA2 for prognosis in septic mice needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwen Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ruo Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guomin Mao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Magrone T, Jirillo E. Sepsis: From Historical Aspects to Novel Vistas. Pathogenic and Therapeutic Considerations. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:490-502. [PMID: 30857516 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181129112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a clinical condition due to an infectious event which leads to an early hyper-inflammatory phase followed by a status of tolerance or immune paralysis. Hyper-inflammation derives from a massive activation of immune (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes) and non-immune cells (platelets and endothelial cells) in response to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. DISCUSSION A storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species accounts for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In this phase, bacterial clearance may be associated with a severe organ failure development. Tolerance or compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) depends on the production of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-10, secreted by T regulatory cells. However, once triggered, CARS, if prolonged, may also be detrimental to the host, thus reducing bacterial clearance. CONCLUSION In this review, the description of pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis is propaedeutic to the illustration of novel therapeutic attempts for the prevention or attenuation of experimental sepsis as well as of clinical trials. In this direction, inhibitors of NF-κB pathway, cell therapy and use of dietary products in sepsis will be described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
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20
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Amornphimoltham P, Yuen PST, Star RA, Leelahavanichkul A. Gut Leakage of Fungal-Derived Inflammatory Mediators: Part of a Gut-Liver-Kidney Axis in Bacterial Sepsis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2416-2428. [PMID: 30863955 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening response to systemic infection. In addition to frank gastrointestinal (GI) rupture/puncture, sepsis can also be exacerbated by translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from the GI tract to the systemic circulation (gut origin of sepsis). In the human gut, Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans are abundant, along with their major PAMP components, endotoxin (LPS) and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan (BG). Whereas the influence of LPS in bacterial sepsis has been studied extensively, exploration of the role of BG in bacterial sepsis is limited. Post-translocation, PAMPs enter the circulation through lymphatics and the portal vein, and are detoxified and then excreted via the liver and the kidney. Sepsis-induced liver and kidney injury might therefore affect the kinetics and increase circulating PAMPs. In this article, we discuss the current knowledge of the impact of PAMPs from both gut mycobiota and microbiota, including epithelial barrier function and the "gut-liver-kidney axis," on bacterial sepsis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter S T Yuen
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Star
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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21
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miR-146a targeted to splenic macrophages prevents sepsis-induced multiple organ injury. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1130-1142. [PMID: 30700845 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a novel agent against life-threatening sepsis requires the in-depth understanding of the relevant pathophysiology and therapeutic targets. Given the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) as potent oligonucleotide therapeutics, here we investigated the pathophysiological role of exogenously applied miRNA in sepsis-induced multiple organ injury. In vitro, miR-16, miR-126, miR-146a, and miR-200b suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophage cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Of these, miR-146a displayed the most highly suppressive effect, wherein the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was decreased via targeting of interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and tumor necrosis receptor-associated factor 6. Sepsis was induced in mice via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and an intravenous injection of a complex of miR-146a-expressing plasmid and polyethyleneimine. Treatment with this complex significantly decreased the level of serum inflammatory cytokines, attenuated organ injury including kidney injury, and led to increased survival from polymicrobial sepsis induced by CLP. miR-146a-expressing plasmid was abundantly distributed in splenic macrophages, but not in renal parenchymal cells. CLP mice treated with miR-146a displayed significantly decreased NF-κB activation and splenocyte apoptosis. Splenectomy diminished the anti-inflammatory effects of miR-146a. The collective results support the conclusion that the induction of miR-146a expression in splenic macrophages prevents excessive inflammation and sepsis-induced multiple organ injury. This study establishes a novel and critical pathophysiological role for splenic macrophage interference in sepsis-related organ injury.
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22
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Yao L, Cheng C, Yang X, Han C, Du D, Liu T, Chvanov M, Windsor J, Sutton R, Huang W, Xia Q. Ethyl pyruvate and analogs as potential treatments for acute pancreatitis: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Pancreatology 2019; 19:209-216. [PMID: 30611702 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has been shown to improve outcomes from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in experimental animal models of critical illness. This review aimed to summarise in vitro and in vivo effects of EP analogs on acute pancreatitis (AP) with the objective of proposing medicinal chemistry modifications of EP for future research. In vitro studies showed that both sodium pyruvate and EP significantly reduced pancreatic acinar necrotic cell death pathway activation induced by multiple pancreatic toxins. In vivo studies using different murine AP models showed that EP (usually at a dose of 40 mg/kg every 6 h) consistently reduced pain, markers of pancreatic injury, systemic inflammation and MODS. There was also a significant increase in survival rate, even when EP was administered 12 h after disease induction (compared with untreated groups or those treated with Ringer's lactate solution). Experimental studies suggest that EP and analogs are promising drug candidates for treating AP. EP or analogs can undergo medicinal chemistry modifications to improve its stability and deliverability. EP or analogs could be evaluated as a supplement to intravenous fluid therapy in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunru Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institute of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Xinmin Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenxia Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Du
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - John Windsor
- Centre for Surgical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 92019, New Zealand
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Street JM, Koritzinsky EH, Bellomo TR, Hu X, Yuen PST, Star RA. The role of adenosine 1a receptor signaling on GFR early after the induction of sepsis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F788-F797. [PMID: 29117994 PMCID: PMC6031909 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00051.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI) synergistically increase morbidity and mortality in the ICU. How sepsis reduces glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and causes AKI is poorly understood; one proposed mechanism includes tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). When sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubules is reduced in normal animals, the macula densa senses increased luminal sodium chloride, and then adenosine-1a receptor (A1aR) signaling triggers tubuloglomerular feedback, reducing GFR through afferent arteriole vasoconstriction. We measured GFR and systemic hemodynamics early during cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in wild-type and A1aR-knockout mice. A miniaturized fluorometer was attached to the back of each mouse and recorded the clearance of FITC-sinistrin via transcutaneous fluorescence to monitor GFR. Clinical organ injury markers and cytokines were measured and hemodynamics monitored using implantable transducer telemetry devices. In wild-type mice, GFR was stable within 1 h after surgery, declined by 43% in the next hour, and then fell to less than 10% of baseline after 2 h and 45 min. In contrast, in A1aR-knockout mice GFR was 37% below baseline immediately after surgery and then gradually declined over 4 h. A1aR-knockout mice had similar organ injury and inflammatory responses, albeit with lower heart rate. We conclude that transcutaneous fluorescence can accurately monitor GFR and detect changes rapidly during sepsis. Tubuloglomerular feedback plays a complex role in sepsis; initially, TGF helps maintain GFR in the 1st hour, and over the subsequent 3 h, TGF causes GFR to plummet. By 18 h, TGF has no cumulative effect on renal or extrarenal organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Street
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erik H Koritzinsky
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiffany R Bellomo
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xuzhen Hu
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter S T Yuen
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert A Star
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
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Li XH, Qian YB, Meng XX, Wang RL. Effect of Platelet-derived P-selectin on Neutrophil Recruitment in a Mouse Model of Sepsis-induced Acute Kidney Injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:1694-1699. [PMID: 28685720 PMCID: PMC5520557 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.209889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe disease in critically ill patients. Neutrophil infiltration into kidney was associated with the development of AKI, and P-selectin may be involved in the process of neutrophil recruitment in kidney. This study aimed to explore the potential effect of platelet-derived P-selectin on neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of sepsis-induced AKI. Methods: A total of 30 C57BL/6 male mice were divided into five groups (n = 6 in each): sham group, sepsis group, anti-Ly6G group, anti-P-selectin group, and platelet depletion group. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Serum creatinine concentration and platelet activity were measured by biochemical detector and flow cytometry, respectively. Histological and pathological features were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, respectively. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was detected with MPO assay. Unpaired t-test was used for data analysis. Results: Serum creatinine increased significantly in septic group compared to sham group (2.68 ± 0.27 mg/dl vs. 0.82 ± 0.19 mg/dl, t = 12.06, P = 0.0000) but attenuated in antibodies-treated animals compared to septic group (anti-Ly6G: 1.62 ± 0.30 mg/dl vs. 2.68 ± 0.27 mg/dl, t = 5.76, P = 0.0004; anti-P-selectin: 1.76 ± 0.31 mg/dl vs. 2.68 ± 0.27 mg/dl, t = 4.92, P = 0.0012; and platelet depletion: 1.93 ± 0.29 mg/dl vs. 2.68 ± 0.27 mg/dl, t = 4.14, P = 0.0032). Platelet amount significantly decreased compared to sham group (658.20 ± 60.64 × 109/L vs. 822.00 ± 48.60 × 109/L, t = 4.71, P = 0.0015) in septic mice, especially in platelet depletion group (240.80 ± 44.98 × 109/L vs. 822.00 ± 48.60 × 109/L, t = 19.63, P = 0.0000). P-selectin activity was significantly increased in septic group compared to sham group (16.54 ± 1.60% vs. 1.90 ± 0.29%, t = 15.64, P = 0.0000) but decreased significantly in platelet depletion group compared to septic group (3.62 ± 0.68% vs. 16.54 ± 1.60%, t = 12.89, P = 0.0002). IHC analysis shown that neutrophil infiltration increased in septic mice compared to sham group (36.67 ± 3.79% vs. 9.17 ± 1.61%, t = 11.58, P = 0.0003) and function-blocked groups (anti-Ly6G: 36.67 ± 3.79% vs. 15.33 ± 1.53%, t = 9.05, P = 0.0008; anti-P-selectin: 36.67 ± 3.79% vs. 21.33 ± 1.53%, t = 6.51, P = 0.0029; and platelet depletion: 36.67 ± 3.79% vs. 23.33 ± 3.06%, t = 4.75, P = 0.0090). MPO increased significantly in septic group compared to control (49.73 ± 1.83 ng/mg prot vs. 13.04 ± 2.16 ng/mg prot, t = 19.03, P = 0.0000) but decreased in function-blocked groups compared to septic group (anti-Ly6G: 26.52 ± 3.86 ng/mg prot vs. 49.73 ± 1.83 ng/mg prot, t = 9.59, P = 0.0000; anti-P-selectin: 33.06 ± 6.75 ng/mg prot vs. 49.73 ± 1.83 ng/mg prot, t = 4.85, P = 0.0013; and platelet depletion: 33.37 ± 2.25 ng/mg prot vs. 49.73 ± 1.83 ng/mg prot, t = 5.33, P = 0.0007). Conclusion: Platelets-derived P-selectin may be involved in the development of septic AKI through inducing neutrophil infiltration into kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620; Emergency Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yong-Bing Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rui-Lan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6717212. [PMID: 29636853 PMCID: PMC5831990 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6717212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the protective mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), ten AKI patients and ten healthy controls were enrolled. In AKI patients, levels of creatinine (Cre), urea nitrogen (BUN), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly increased compared with those of controls. However, plasma level of H2S decreased and was linearly correlated with levels of Cre and BUN. After that, an AKI mouse model by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was constructed for in vivo study. In AKI mice, H2S levels decreased with the decline of 3-MST activity and expression; similar changes were observed in other indicators mentioned above. However, the protein expressions of TLR4, NLRP3, and caspase-1 in mice kidney tissues were significantly increased 6 h after LPS injection. NaHS could improve renal function and kidney histopathological changes, attenuate LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and inhibit expressions of TLR4, NLRP3, and caspase-1. Our study demonstrated that endogenous H2S is involved in the pathogenesis of SA-AKI, and exogenous H2S exerts protective effects against LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via the TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Hattori Y, Hattori K, Suzuki T, Matsuda N. Recent advances in the pathophysiology and molecular basis of sepsis-associated organ dysfunction: Novel therapeutic implications and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Histopathology of Septic Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review of Experimental Data. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:e897-903. [PMID: 27058465 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The histopathologic changes associated with septic acute kidney injury are poorly understood, in part, because of the lack of biopsy data in humans. Animal models of septic acute kidney injury may help define such changes. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the histopathologic changes found in modern experimental septic acute kidney injury models. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PubMed (from January 2007 to February 2015). STUDY SELECTION We reviewed experimental studies reporting findings on the histopathology of contemporary experimental septic acute kidney injury. DATA EXTRACTION We focused on the presence or the absence of acute tubular necrosis, tubular cell apoptosis, and other nonspecific findings. DATA SYNTHESIS We identified 102 studies in 1,059 animals. Among the 1,059 animals, 53 (5.0%) did not have any renal histopathologic changes, but acute tubular necrosis was found in 184 (17.4%). The prevalence of acute tubular necrosis was not related to animal size or model of sepsis and was only found in models with low cardiac output and decreased renal blood flow (p < 0.0001). Only 21 studies (170 animals) assessed the prevalence of tubular cell apoptosis, which was reported in 158 animals (92.9%). The prevalence of tubular cell apoptosis was significantly higher in studies using small animals (p < 0.0001) and in peritonitis models (p < 0.0001). Simultaneous acute tubular necrosis and tubular cell apoptosis was rare (55 animals [32.4%]) and only seen with decreased cardiac output and renal blood flow. Nonspecific changes (vacuolization of tubular cells, loss of brush border, and tubular cell swelling) were each observed in 423 (39.9%), 250 (23.6%) and 243 (22.9%) animals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In models of experimental septic acute kidney injury in contemporary articles, acute tubular necrosis was relatively uncommon and, when present, reflected the presence of an associated low cardiac output or low renal blood flow syndrome. Tubular cell apoptosis seemed frequent in the few studies in which it was investigated. Nonspecific morphologic changes, however, were the most common histopathologic findings.
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Panich T, Chancharoenthana W, Somparn P, Issara-Amphorn J, Hirankarn N, Leelahavanichkul A. Urinary exosomal activating transcriptional factor 3 as the early diagnostic biomarker for sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:10. [PMID: 28061889 PMCID: PMC5219663 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An early sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (sepsis-AKI) biomarker is currently in needed. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) is a candidate of sepsis-AKI biomarker but with different cut-point values. Urinary exosomal activating transcriptional factor 3 (uATF3) has been mentioned as an interesting biomarker. Methods We conducted experiments in mice and a prospective, multicenter study in patients as a proof of concept that urine exosome is an interesting biomarker. An early expression of ATF3 in kidney of CD-1 mice at 6 h after cecal ligation and puncture implied the possibility of uATF3 as an early sepsis-AKI biomarker. Increase serum creatinine (Scr) ≥0.3 mg/dL from the baseline was used as an AKI diagnosis and urine was analyzed for uATF3 and uNGAL. Patients with baseline Scr at admission ≥1.5 mg/dL were excluded. Results The analysis showed higher Scr, uNGAL and uATF3 in patients with sepsis-AKI in comparison with patients with sepsis-non-AKI and healthy volunteers. A fair correlation, r2 = 0.47, between uATF3 and uNGAL was showed in sepsis-AKI group with Scr ≥2 mg/dL. To see if uATF3 could be an early sepsis-AKI biomarker, urine sample was collected daily during the first week of the admission. In sepsis-AKI and sepsis-non-AKI groups, uNGAL were 367 ± 43 ng/mL and 183 ± 23 ng/mL, respectively; and uATF3 were 19 ± 4 ng/mL and 1.4 ± 0.8 ng/mL, respectively. With the mean value of uNGAL and uATF3 in sepsis AKI as a cut-off level, AUROC of uNGAL and uATF3 were 64% (95% CI 0.54 to 0.74) and 84% (95% CI 0.77 to 0.91), respectively. Conclusions Urine exosome is an interesting source of urine biomarker and uATF3 is an interesting sepsis-AKI biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Panich
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy of Science (CRAS), Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Poorichaya Somparn
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Jin Y, Shao X, Sun B, Miao C, Li Z, Shi Y. Urinary kidney injury molecule‑1 as an early diagnostic biomarker of obstructive acute kidney injury and development of a rapid detection method. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1229-1235. [PMID: 28075469 PMCID: PMC5367370 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) presents a suitable early diagnostic biomarker of obstructive nephropathy-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), and to develop a rapid detection method for urinary KIM-1. Obstructive AKI was induced in an experimental rat model by a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) operation. Macro- and micromorphological kidney alterations were determined by visual observation and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, respectively. Kidney functions were evaluated by detecting urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in rat urine and blood. Urinary KIM-1 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the protein expression levels of KIM-1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin in kidney tissues were detected using immunohistochemical assays. In order to measure KIM-1 levels, colloidal gold immunochromatographic strips were developed based on the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay. The results indicated that KIM-1 levels were significantly higher in the UUO group when compared with the Sham group. KIM-1 levels in the urine and kidney tissues exhibited a time-dependent increase, together with increasing obstructive AKI in the UUO group. In addition, KIM-1 levels were demonstrated to be a more sensitive biomarker of early obstructive AKI, when compared with α-SMA and vimentin. A colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip was developed, whereby the detection of urinary KIM-1 could be completed within 5–10 min. In conclusion, results of the present study demonstrated that urinary KIM-1 may be a valuable biomarker for the early diagnosis of obstructive AKI, and the use of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip may be a promising method for the rapid detection of urinary KIM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Shao
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chunsheng Miao
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Zhu XY, Hu XX, Liu HW, Li J, Feng LL, Yin X, Zhang XB, Tan W. Ratiometric Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for in Vivo Hydrogen Polysulfides Detection and Imaging during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Organs Injury. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11892-11899. [PMID: 27934104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute organ injury observed during sepsis, caused by an uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is quite fatal. The development of efficient methods for early diagnosis of sepsis and LPS-induced acute organ injury in living systems is of great biomedical importance. In living systems, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) can be overexpressed due to LPS, and H2Sn can be formed by CSE-mediated cysteine metabolism. Thus, acute organ injury during sepsis may be correlated with H2Sn levels, making accurate detection of H2Sn in living systems of great physiological and pathological significance. In this work, our previously reported fluorescent platform was employed to design and synthesize a FRET-based ratiometric two-photon (TP) fluorescent probe TPR-S, producing a large emission shift in the presence of H2Sn. In this work, a naphthalene derivative two-photon fluorophore was chosen as the energy donor; a rhodol derivative fluorophore served as the acceptor. The 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoate group of probe TPR-S reacted with H2Sn and was selectively removed to release the fluorophore, resulting in a fluorescent signal decrease at 448 nm and enhancement at 541 nm. The ratio value of the fluorescence intensity between 541 and 448 nm (I541 nm/I448 nm) varied from 0.13 to 8.12 (∼62-fold), with the H2Sn concentration changing from 0 to 1 mM. The detection limit of the probe was 0.7 μM. Moreover, the probe was applied for imaging H2Sn in living cells, tissues, and organs of LPS-induced acute organ injury, which demonstrated its practical application in complex biosystems as a potential method to achieve early diagnosis of LPS-induced acute organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li Li Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
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Cóndor JM, Rodrigues CE, Sousa Moreira RD, Canale D, Volpini RA, Shimizu MHM, Camara NOS, Noronha IDL, Andrade L. Treatment With Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Kidney Injury, Liver Injury, and Endothelial Dysfunction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1048-57. [PMID: 27280799 PMCID: PMC4954445 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : The pathophysiology of sepsis involves complex cytokine and inflammatory mediator networks. Downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase contributes to sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction. Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are known to reduce expression of proinflammatory cytokines and markers of apoptosis. We hypothesized that treatment with WJ-MSCs would protect renal, hepatic, and endothelial function in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated rats; rats submitted to CLP and left untreated; and rats submitted to CLP and intraperitoneally injected, 6 hours later, with 1 × 10(6) WJ-MSCs. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured at 6 and 24 hours after CLP or sham surgery. All other studies were conducted at 24 hours after CLP or sham surgery. By 6 hours, GFR had decreased in the CLP rats. At 24 hours, Klotho renal expression significantly decreased. Treatment with WJ-MSCs improved the GFR; improved tubular function; decreased the CD68-positive cell count; decreased the fractional interstitial area; decreased expression of nuclear factor κB and of cytokines; increased expression of eNOS, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Klotho; attenuated renal apoptosis; ameliorated hepatic function; increased glycogen deposition in the liver; and improved survival. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury is a state of Klotho deficiency, which WJ-MSCs can attenuate. Klotho protein expression was higher in WJ-MSCs than in human adipose-derived MSCs. Because WJ-MSCs preserve renal and hepatic function, they might play a protective role in sepsis. SIGNIFICANCE Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Although many different treatments for sepsis have been tested, sepsis-related mortality rates remain high. It was hypothesized in this study that treatment with human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) would protect renal, hepatic, and endothelial function in a model of sepsis in rats. Treatment with WJ-MSCs improved the glomerular filtration rate, improved tubular function, decreased expression of nuclear factor κB and of cytokines, increased expression of eNOS and of Klotho, attenuated renal apoptosis, and improved survival. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury is a state of Klotho deficiency, which WJ-MSCs can attenuate.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Cóndor
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil School of Medical Technology, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Daniele Canale
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rildo A Volpini
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels O S Camara
- Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Andrade
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A common link between all forms of acute and chronic kidney injuries, regardless of species, is enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during injury/disease progression. While low levels of ROS and RNS are required for prosurvival signaling, cell proliferation and growth, and vasoreactivity regulation, an imbalance of ROS and RNS generation and elimination leads to inflammation, cell death, tissue damage, and disease/injury progression. RECENT ADVANCES Many aspects of renal oxidative stress still require investigation, including clarification of the mechanisms which prompt ROS/RNS generation and subsequent renal damage. However, we currently have a basic understanding of the major features of oxidative stress pathology and its link to kidney injury/disease, which this review summarizes. CRITICAL ISSUES The review summarizes the critical sources of oxidative stress in the kidney during injury/disease, including generation of ROS and RNS from mitochondria, NADPH oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The review next summarizes the renal antioxidant systems that protect against oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, and others. Next, we describe how oxidative stress affects kidney function and promotes damage in every nephron segment, including the renal vessels, glomeruli, and tubules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite the limited success associated with the application of antioxidants for treatment of kidney injury/disease thus far, preventing the generation and accumulation of ROS and RNS provides an ideal target for potential therapeutic treatments. The review discusses the shortcomings of antioxidant treatments previously used and the potential promise of new ones. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 119-146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Ratliff
- 1 Department of Medicine, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Wasan Abdulmahdi
- 2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rahul Pawar
- 1 Department of Medicine, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- 2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Adiponectin Inhibits LPS-Induced HMGB1 Release through an AMP Kinase and Heme Oxygenase-1-Dependent Pathway in RAW 264 Macrophage Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5701959. [PMID: 27313399 PMCID: PMC4904123 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5701959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a late inflammatory mediator that exaggerates septic symptoms. Adiponectin, an adipokine, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, possible effects of adiponectin on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced HMGB1 release are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of full length adiponectin on HMGB1 release in LPS-stimulated RAW 264 macrophage cells. Treatment of the cells with LPS alone significantly induced HMGB1 release associated with HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol. However, prior treatment with adiponectin suppressed LPS-induced HMGB1 release and translocation. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin- (IL-) 10 similarly suppressed LPS-induced HMGB1 release. Adiponectin treatment decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression and increased heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1 mRNA expression without inducing IL-10 mRNA, while IL-10 treatment decreased TLR2 and HMGB1 mRNA expression and increased the expression of IL-10 and HO-1 mRNA. Treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP completely prevented the suppression of HMGB1 release by adiponectin but only partially inhibited that induced by IL-10. Treatment with compound C, an AMP kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, abolished the increase in HO-1 expression and the suppression of HMGB1 release mediated by adiponectin. In conclusion, our results indicate that adiponectin suppresses HMGB1 release by LPS through an AMPK-mediated and HO-1-dependent IL-10-independent pathway.
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Leelahavanichkul A, Somparn P, Panich T, Chancharoenthana W, Wongphom J, Pisitkun T, Hirankarn N, Eiam-Ong S. Serum miRNA-122 in acute liver injury induced by kidney injury and sepsis in CD-1 mouse models. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:1341-52. [PMID: 25655304 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM miRNA-122 (miR-122) is a new, interesting liver injury biomarker but little is known about its effects when there is an indirect acute liver injury. METHODS We investigated this by using indirect liver injury mice models with bilateral ureter obstruction (BUO), bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). A direct liver injury model, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (liver I/R), was performed in parallel. Liver injury (i.e. liver histology, alanine transaminase [ALT]), kidney damage (i.e. serum creatinine) and cytokines (i.e. tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, IL-10) were assessed. RESULTS Six hours after BUO/BiNx/CLP, the ALT and serum cytokines were approximately 1.5-fold higher than the baseline whereas miR-122 did not change. After 6 h of BiNx, there were prominent hepatocyte vacuolization but no elevations of miR-122. However, after 24 h of BUO/BiNx/CLP, ALT, hepatocyte vacuolization and miR-122 increased. The cytokines at 6 h might have induced the production of miR-122 at 24 h. The results from the in vitro study with HepG2 cells and each of the cytokines resulted in increased miR-122. On the other hand, when the direct liver injury model was used, there was a fivefold and 22-fold increase in the ALT at 0.5 and 1 h after surgery, respectively, and high serum miR-122 which corroborated the results from the liver histopathology. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that prior serum cytokine accumulation increased serum miR-122 in indirect liver injury induced by BUO/BiNx and less severe sepsis mouse models. Cytokine accumulation may be responsible for miR-122 expression in these models. The clinical importance of liver injury demonstrated by the discordance between serum miR-122 and ALT was an interesting issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute (CNMI), Faculty of Medicine Ramathibody Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gao YT, Sun L, Feng JM. Roles of mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 in the development of renal injury. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:21964-21974. [PMID: 26885168 PMCID: PMC4724014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the role of mycobacterium tuberculosis early secretory antigen target-6 (MtbESAT-6) in the development of renal injury. METHODS PET42a (+) ESAT6 prokaryotic expression plasmid was constructed and the purified ESAT6 protein without endotoxin was obtained. Sixty healthy, clean, male Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30). Each mouse in the experimental group were injected with 0.5 ml ESAT-6 protein, and each mouse in the control group were injected with 0.5 ml sterile saline on the tail vein. Blood, urine and kidney tissues were collected. Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary creatinine (Cr) were determined by HITACHI 7150 automatic biochemical analyzer and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was calculated. Renal tissues were conducted for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and pathological scores of renal injury were recorded under the light microscope. RESULTS Using MTB H37Ra strains genome DNA as template, the ESAT6 gene amplified by Hieff Pfu DNA Polymerase using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was consistent with the expected size. PET42a (+) ESAT6 vector plasmid was successfully obtained and ESAT6 recombinant protein was successfully expressed with the protein concentration of 1.69 mg/ml. BUN and Scr in the experimental group were gradually increased, Ccr was gradually decreased, and the pathological score of renal injury increased gradually, and all of which were significantly higher than that in the control group after the experiment of 12 h, 24 h and 48 h (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MtbESAT-6 might contribute to the development of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital Xi'an 71006, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital Xi'an 71006, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Min Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital Xi'an 71006, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Leelahavanichkul A, Somparn P, Bootprapan T, Tu H, Tangtanatakul P, Nuengjumnong R, Worasilchai N, Tiranathanagul K, Eiam-ong S, Levine M, Chinampon A, Srisawat N. High-dose ascorbate with low-dose amphotericin B attenuates severity of disease in a model of the reappearance of candidemia during sepsis in the mouse. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R223-34. [PMID: 25994956 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00238.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (Ampho B) isa fungicidal drug that causes cell wall injury. Pharmacological ascorbate induces the extracellular prooxidants, which might enter the Ampho B-induced cell wall porosity and act synergistically.W e tested low-dose Ampho B with a short course of pharmacological ascorbate using a mouse model of sepsis preconditioned with an injection of Candida albicans 6 h prior to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In this model, candidemia reappeared as early as 6 h after CLP with a predictably high mortality rate. This characteristic mimics sepsis in the phase of immunosuppression inpatients. Using the model, at 12- and 18-h post-CLP, we administered isotonic (pH neutralized) pharmacological ascorbate intravenously with low-dose Ampho B or sodium deoxycholate, vehicle-controlled, administered IP. The survival rate of low-dose Ampho B plus ascorbate was 53%, compared with < 11% for low-dose Ampho B or high-dose Ampho B alone. In addition, a beneficial effect was demonstrated in terms of kidney damage,liver injury, spleen histopathology, and serum markers at 24 h after CLP. Kidney injury was less severe in low-dose Ampho B plus ascorbate combination therapy due to less severe sepsis. Moreover, ascorbate enhanced the effectiveness of phagocytosis against C. albicans in human phagocytic cells. Taken together, the data indicate that the new mouse model simulates sepsis-induced immunosuppression and that the combination of pharmacological ascorbate with an antifungal drug is a potentially effective treatment that may reduce nephrotoxicity, and perhaps also increase fungicidal activity in patients with systemic candidiasis caused by Candida albicans.
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Lingaraju MC, Pathak NN, Begum J, Balaganur V, Ramachandra HD, Bhat RA, Ram M, Singh V, Kandasamy K, Kumar D, Kumar D, Tandan SK. Betulinic acid attenuates renal oxidative stress and inflammation in experimental model of murine polymicrobial sepsis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 70:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Li G, Gao L, Jia J, Gong X, Zang B, Chen W. α-Lipoic acid prolongs survival and attenuates acute kidney injury in a rat model of sepsis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:459-68. [PMID: 24738479 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a frequent and serious complication in patients with severe sepsis. α-Lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring dithiol compound, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In the present study we investigated whether ALA could attenuate acute kidney injury and improve survival in a rat model of sepsis. Rats were subjected to caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. α-Lipoic acid (200 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage either immediately (early treatment) or 12 h after the surgical procedure (delayed treatment). Both early and delayed ALA treatment effectively prolonged survival, improved pathological damage in kidney tissues and reduced serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in CLP-induced septic rats. Furthermore, early treatment with ALA markedly inhibited the release of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β into the serum and reduced mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and high mobility group box 1 in kidney tissues from CLP-induced rats. Finally, CLP-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in kidney tissues was significantly suppressed by early ALA treatment. Together, the results indicate that ALA is able to reduce mortality and attenuate acute kidney injury associated with sepsis, possibly by anti-inflammatory actions. α-Lipoic acid may be a promising novel agent for the treatment of conditions associated with septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Gigliotti JC, Huang L, Bajwa A, Ye H, Mace EH, Hossack JA, Kalantari K, Inoue T, Rosin DL, Okusa MD. Ultrasound Modulates the Splenic Neuroimmune Axis in Attenuating AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2470-81. [PMID: 25644106 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that prior exposure to a modified ultrasound regimen prevents kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) likely via the splenic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR). However, it is unclear how ultrasound stimulates the splenic CAP. Further investigating the role of the spleen in ischemic injury, we found that prior splenectomy (-7d) or chemical sympathectomy of the spleen with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA; -14d) exacerbated injury after subthreshold (24-minute ischemia) IRI. 6-OHDA-induced splenic denervation also prevented ultrasound-induced protection of kidneys from moderate (26-minute ischemia) IRI. Ultrasound-induced protection required hematopoietic but not parenchymal α7nAChRs, as shown by experiments in bone marrow chimeras generated with wild-type and α7nAChR(-/-) mice. Ultrasound protection was associated with reduced expression of circulating and kidney-derived cytokines. However, splenocytes isolated from mice 24 hours after ultrasound treatment released more IL-6 ex vivo in response to LPS than splenocytes from sham mice. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from ultrasound-treated (but not sham) mice to naïve mice was sufficient to protect kidneys of recipient mice from IRI. Ultrasound treatment 24 hours before cecal ligation puncture-induced sepsis was effective in reducing plasma creatinine in this model of AKI. Thus, splenocytes of ultrasound-treated mice are capable of modulating IRI in vivo, supporting our ongoing hypothesis that a modified ultrasound regimen has therapeutic potential for AKI and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Gigliotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Eric H Mace
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine
| | | | - Kambiz Kalantari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine;
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Fernández R, Cortés P, Del Rio R, Acuña-Castillo C, Reyes EP. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Ionized Hypocalcemia and Acute Kidney Injury in Carotid Chemo/Baro-Denervated Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 860:161-6. [PMID: 26303478 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acute kidney injury (AKI) observed during sepsis is due to an uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators. Septic patients develop electrolytic disturbances and one of the most important is ionized hypocalcemia. AKI adversely affects the function of other organs and hypocalcemia is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunctions. Since carotid body chemoreceptors modulate the systemic inflammatory response during sepsis syndromes, we used pentobarbitone-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats in control condition (SHAM surgery) and after bilateral carotid neurotomy (carotid chemo/baro-denervated, BCN). We evaluate serum creatinine (CRE), serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocaline (NGAL), ionized calcium (iCa) and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) 90 min after the IP administration of 15 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline. In the SHAM group, LPS failed to induce significant changes CRE, NGAL, or iCa, and increased cTnI. Conversely, in the BCN group LPS increased CRE and NGAL, decreased iCa, and enhanced the increase of cTnI. Our results suggest that carotid chemo/baro-receptors might contribute to the regulation of both renal function and calcemia during sepsis. In addition, results imply that the carotid chemo-baroreceptors serve as an immunosensory organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile,
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Morrell ED, Kellum JA, Pastor-Soler NM, Hallows KR. Septic acute kidney injury: molecular mechanisms and the importance of stratification and targeting therapy. Crit Care 2014; 18:501. [PMID: 25575158 PMCID: PMC4729166 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients is sepsis. However, the molecular pathways and mechanisms that mediate septic AKI are not well defined. Experiments performed over the past 20 years suggest that there are profound differences in the pathogenesis between septic and ischemic AKI. Septic AKI often occurs independently of hypoperfusion, and is mediated by a concomitant pro- and anti-inflammatory state that is activated in response to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as endotoxin, as well as damage-associated molecular patterns. These molecular patterns are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) found in the kidney, and effectuate downstream inflammatory pathways. Additionally, apoptosis has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of septic AKI. However, targeted therapies designed to mitigate the above aspects of the inflammatory state, TLR-related pathways, and apoptosis have failed to show significant clinical benefit. This failure is likely due to the protean nature of septic AKI, whereby different patients present at different points along the immunologic spectrum. While one patient may benefit from targeted therapy at one end of the spectrum, another patient at the other end may be harmed by the same therapy. We propose that a next important step in septic AKI research will be to identify where patients lie on the immunologic spectrum in order to appropriately target therapies at the inflammatory cascade, TLRs, and possibly apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Morrell
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - John A Kellum
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- The Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- CRISMA (Clinical Research Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Núria M Pastor-Soler
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- The Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- The Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Leelahavanichkul A, Souza ACP, Street JM, Hsu V, Tsuji T, Doi K, Li L, Hu X, Zhou H, Kumar P, Schnermann J, Star RA, Yuen PST. Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F939-48. [PMID: 25143457 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00025.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. sCysC was a better surrogate of iGFR than SCr during sepsis. Combining sCysC with SCr values into a composite biomarker improved correlation with iGFR better than any biomarker alone or any other combination. We determined the renal contribution to sCysC handling with BiNx. sCysC and SCr were lower post-BiNx/CLP than post-BiNx alone, despite increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers. Sepsis decreased CysC production in nephrectomized mice without changing body weight or CysC space. Sepsis decreased sCysC production and increased nonrenal clearance, similar to effects of sepsis on SCr. sCysC, SCr, and BUN were measured 6 h postsepsis to link AKI with mortality. Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. sCysC performs similarly to SCr in classifying mice at risk for early mortality. We conclude that sCysC detects AKI early and better reflects iGFR in CLP-induced sepsis. This study shows that renal biomarkers need to be evaluated in specific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ana Carolina P Souza
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Jonathan M Street
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Victor Hsu
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Takayuki Tsuji
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Kent Doi
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Lingli Li
- Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Xuzhen Hu
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Hua Zhou
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Parag Kumar
- Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jürgen Schnermann
- Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Robert A Star
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Peter S T Yuen
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
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Khowailed A, Younan SM, Ashour H, Kamel AE, Sharawy N. Effects of ghrelin on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: one step forward. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 19:419-26. [PMID: 25002019 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-1006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the several disorders induced by sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI) represents the most important economic burden problem that is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ghrelin in sepsis-induced AKI and the possible role of vagus nerve. METHODS Five groups were included: sham, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP-ghrelin, CLP-vagotomy and CLP-vagotomy-ghrelin group. RESULTS Ghrelin treatment immediately after induction of CLP, significantly improved renal Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine, BUN and renal necrosis score as compared to the unprotected CLP group. In addition, ghrelin significantly decreased renal TNF alpha (111.5 ± 10.35 vs. 291.8 ± 15.8 pg/mg ptn), VCAM1 (6.28 ± 1.7 vs. 12.9 ± 1.2 µ/g ptn) and MPO (0.95 ± 0.13 vs. 2.5 ± 0.4 µ/g ptn) without significant increase in renal IL-10. Those effects were abolished by vagotomy. CONCLUSION We concluded that ghrelin could represent new therapeutic window in early treatment of sepsis-induced AKI and this could be mainly due to its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akef Khowailed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd Elkarim Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Departments of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine's, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
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Cotoia A, Scrima R, Gefter JV, Piccoli C, Cinnella G, Dambrosio M, Fink MP, Capitanio N. p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, an intermediate of the Phe/Tyr catabolism, improves mitochondrial oxidative metabolism under stressing conditions and prolongs survival in rats subjected to profound hemorrhagic shock. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90917. [PMID: 24599095 PMCID: PMC3944966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effect of a small volume administration of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (pHPP) in a rat model of profound hemorrhagic shock and to assess a possible metabolic mechanism of action of the compound. The results obtained show that hemorrhaged rats treated with 2–4% of the estimated blood volume of pHPP survived significantly longer (p<0.001) than rats treated with vehicle. In vitro analysis on cultured EA.hy 926 cells demonstrated that pHPP improved cell growth rate and promoted cell survival under stressing conditions. Moreover, pHPP stimulated mitochondria-related respiration under ATP-synthesizing conditions and exhibited antioxidant activity toward mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species. The compound effects reported in the in vitro and in vivo analyses were obtained in the same millimolar concentration range. These data disclose pHPP as an efficient energetic substrates-supplier to the mitochondrial respiratory chain as well as an antioxidant supporting the view that the compound warrants further evaluation as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cotoia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Julia V. Gefter
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gilda Cinnella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Dambrosio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mitchell P. Fink
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Herter JM, Rossaint J, Spieker T, Zarbock A. Adhesion molecules involved in neutrophil recruitment during sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. J Innate Immun 2014; 6:597-606. [PMID: 24576991 DOI: 10.1159/000358238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients and is associated with high mortality. Recruitment of neutrophils is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of AKI. Although ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a frequently used research model of AKI, the clinical relevance of IRI-induced AKI is limited. Epidemiologically, sepsis is the prevailing cause of kidney injury. However, it is still unknown whether these distinct entities of AKI share the same pathophysiological mechanisms. This study was initiated to investigate the molecular mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment into the kidney in a murine model of sepsis-induced AKI. By using a flow cytometry-based method, we show that the two β2-integrins Mac-1 and LFA-1 as well as E-selectin and P-selectin are involved in neutrophil recruitment into the kidney after induction of sepsis. The molecular mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment were further investigated using intravital microscopy, demonstrating that blocking one of these four molecules reduces the number of adherent leukocytes. This was accompanied by a renal upregulation of E-selectin, P-selectin and ICAM-1 (the counter-receptor of β2-integrins on endothelial cells) after sepsis induction. We conclude that blocking P-selectin, E-selectin, Mac-1 or LFA-1 protects mice from sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Herter
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
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46
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Gigliotti JC, Huang L, Ye H, Bajwa A, Chattrabhuti K, Lee S, Klibanov AL, Kalantari K, Rosin DL, Okusa MD. Ultrasound prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by stimulating the splenic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1451-60. [PMID: 23907510 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AKI affects both quality of life and health care costs and is an independent risk factor for mortality. At present, there are few effective treatment options for AKI. Here, we describe a nonpharmacologic, noninvasive, ultrasound-based method to prevent renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice, which is a model for human AKI. We exposed anesthetized mice to an ultrasound protocol 24 hours before renal ischemia. After 24 hours of reperfusion, ultrasound-treated mice exhibited preserved kidney morphology and function compared with sham-treated mice. Ultrasound exposure before renal ischemia reduced the accumulation of CD11b(+)Ly6G(high) neutrophils and CD11b(+)F4/80(high) myeloid cells in kidney tissue. Furthermore, splenectomy and adoptive transfer studies revealed that the spleen and CD4(+) T cells mediated the protective effects of ultrasound. Last, blockade or genetic deficiency of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor abrogated the protective effect of ultrasound, suggesting the involvement of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that an ultrasound-based treatment could have therapeutic potential for the prevention of AKI, possibly by stimulating a splenic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Gigliotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheungdong, Chungku, South Korea
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Liu L, Li Y, Hu Z, Su J, Huo Y, Tan B, Wang X, Liu Y. Small interfering RNA targeting Toll-like receptor 9 protects mice against polymicrobial septic acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 122:51-61. [PMID: 23548820 DOI: 10.1159/000346953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although recent reports suggest that Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is associated with the pathogenesis of polymicrobial septic acute kidney injury (AKI), it is still unclear whether and how renal TLR9 is involved in the development of polymicrobial septic AKI. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of TLR9 in mouse renal cells is related to the development of polymicrobial septic AKI. METHODS The efficacy of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TLR9 was tested in a cultured murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells). The most potent siRNA was transfected into mice using the hydrodynamic method prior to the induction of polymicrobial septic AKI being induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). TLR9 knockdown was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in RAW264.7 cells and kidney tissues. The levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the renal histopathology assessment were determined at 6-, 12-, and 24-hour time points after CLP, and renal cell apoptosis was studied at 24 h. The 4- and 7-day survival rates of mice were also observed. RESULTS We found that mice developed AKI in our model of polymicrobial sepsis, despite fluid and antibiotic resuscitation, which resembles human sepsis. siRNA to TLR9 successfully silenced the induction of renal TLR9 gene and protein expression following CLP. Effective silencing of renal TLR9 expression decreased renal cell apoptosis, mitigated the severity of AKI, and increased the survival of mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrates the induction of TLR9 expression in mouse kidney tissue following CLP. Renal cell apoptosis and AKI in our model of polymicrobial sepsis are dependent on TLR9. Thus, TLR9 may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of polymicrobial septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
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Watts BA, George T, Sherwood ER, Good DW. A two-hit mechanism for sepsis-induced impairment of renal tubule function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F863-74. [PMID: 23324175 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal insufficiency is a common and severe complication of sepsis, and the development of kidney dysfunction increases morbidity and mortality in septic patients. Sepsis is associated with a variety of defects in renal tubule function, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We used a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model to examine mechanisms by which sepsis influences the transport function of the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL). MTALs from sham and CLP mice were studied in vitro 18 h after surgery. The results show that sepsis impairs the ability of the MTAL to absorb HCO(3)(-) through two distinct mechanisms. First, sepsis induces an adaptive decrease in the intrinsic capacity of the tubules to absorb HCO(3)(-). This effect is associated with an increase in ERK phosphorylation in MTAL cells and is prevented by pretreatment of CLP mice with a MEK/ERK inhibitor. The CLP-induced reduction in intrinsic HCO(3)(-) absorption rate appears to involve loss of function of basolateral Na(+)/H(+) exchange. Second, sepsis enhances the ability of LPS to inhibit HCO(3)(-) absorption, mediated through upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-ERK signaling in the basolateral membrane. The two inhibitory mechanisms are additive and thus can function in a two-hit capacity to impair renal tubule function in sepsis. Both effects depend on ERK and are eliminated by interventions that prevent ERK activation. Thus the TLR4 and ERK signaling pathways represent potential therapeutic targets to treat or prevent sepsis-induced renal tubule dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruns A Watts
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Wu DW, Guo HP. Effect of low-dose hydrocortisone on the expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha of the septic kidney in rats and its protective effect on kidney injury. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363574 DOI: 10.1186/cc10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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50
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Chatterjee PK, Yeboah MM, Dowling O, Xue X, Powell SR, Al-Abed Y, Metz CN. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists attenuate septic acute kidney injury in mice by suppressing inflammation and proteasome activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35361. [PMID: 22586448 PMCID: PMC3346807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Septic patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) are at increased risk of death. To date there is no effective treatment for AKI or septic AKI. Based on their anti-inflammatory properties, we examined the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists on renal damage using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI where localized LPS promotes inflammation-mediated kidney damage. Administration of nicotine (1 mg/kg) or GTS-21 (4 mg/kg) significantly abrogated renal leukocyte infiltration (by 40%) and attenuated kidney injury. These renoprotective effects were accompanied by reduced systemic and localized kidney inflammation during LPS-induced AKI. Consistent with these observations, nicotinic agonist treatment significantly decreased renal IκBα degradation and NFκB activation during LPS-induced AKI. Treatment of human kidney cells with nicotinic agonists, an NFκB inhibitor (Bay11), or a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) effectively inhibited their inflammatory responses following stimulation with LPS or TNFα. Renal proteasome activity, a major regulator of NFκB-mediated inflammation, was enhanced by approximately 50% during LPS-induced AKI and elevated proteasome activity was significantly blunted by nicotinic agonist administration in vivo. Taken together, our results identify enhanced renal proteasome activity during LPS-induced AKI and the suppression of both proteasome activity and inflammation by nicotinic agonists to attenuate LPS-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodyot K. Chatterjee
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Yeboah
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oonagh Dowling
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiangying Xue
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Saul R. Powell
- The Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- The Center for Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine N. Metz
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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