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Galouzis N, Khawam M, Alexander EV, Khreiss MR, Luu C, Mesropyan L, Riall TS, Kwass WK, Dull RO. Pilot Study to Optimize Goal-directed Hemodynamic Management During Pancreatectomy. J Surg Res 2024; 300:173-182. [PMID: 38815516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraoperative goal-directed hemodynamic therapy (GDHT) is a cornerstone of enhanced recovery protocols. We hypothesized that use of an advanced noninvasive intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring system to guide GDHT may decrease intraoperative hypotension (IOH) and improve perfusion during pancreatic resection. METHODS The monitor uses machine learning to produce the Hypotension Prediction Index to predict hypotensive episodes. A clinical decision-making algorithm uses the Hypotension Prediction Index and hemodynamic data to guide intraoperative fluid versus pressor management. Pre-implementation (PRE), patients were placed on the monitor and managed per usual. Post-implementation (POST), anesthesia teams were educated on the algorithm and asked to use the GDHT guidelines. Hemodynamic data points were collected every 20 s (8942 PRE and 26,638 POST measurements). We compared IOH (mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg), cardiac index >2, and stroke volume variation <12 between the two groups. RESULTS 10 patients were in the PRE and 24 in the POST groups. In the POST group, there were fewer minimally invasive resections (4.2% versus 30.0%, P = 0.07), more pancreaticoduodenectomies (75.0% versus 20.0%, P < 0.01), and longer operative times (329.0 + 108.2 min versus 225.1 + 92.8 min, P = 0.01). After implementation, hemodynamic parameters improved. There was a 33.3% reduction in IOH (5.2% ± 0.1% versus 7.8% ± 0.3%, P < 0.01, a 31.6% increase in cardiac index >2.0 (83.7% + 0.2% versus 63.6% + 0.5%, P < 0.01), and a 37.6% increase in stroke volume variation <12 (73.2% + 0.3% versus 53.2% + 0.5%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Advanced intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring to predict IOH combined with a clinical decision-making tree for GDHT may improve intraoperative hemodynamic parameters during pancreatectomy. This warrants further investigation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Khawam
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | - Carrie Luu
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Taylor S Riall
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - William K Kwass
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Randal O Dull
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Abdallah AC, Song SH, Fleming NW. A retrospective study of the effects of a vasopressor bolus on systolic slope (dP/dt) and dynamic arterial elastance (Ea dyn). BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:257. [PMID: 39075354 PMCID: PMC11285466 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance the utility of functional hemodynamic monitoring, the variables systolic slope (dP/dt) and dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn) are calculated by the Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) Acumen® Software. This study was designed to characterize the effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine on dP/dt and Eadyn. METHODS This was a retrospective, non-randomized analysis of data collected during two clinical studies. All patients required intra-operative controlled mechanical ventilation and had an indwelling radial artery catheter connected to an Acumen IQ sensor. Raw arterial pressure waveform data was downloaded from the patient monitor and all hemodynamic measurements were calculated off-line. The anesthetic record was reviewed for bolus administrations of either phenylephrine or ephedrine. Cardiovascular variables prior to drug administration were compared to those following vasopressor administrations. The primary outcome was the difference for dP/dt and Eadyn at baseline compared with the average after the bolus administration. All data sets demonstrated non-normal distributions so statistical analysis of paired and unpaired data followed the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-rank test or Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. RESULTS 201 doses of phenylephrine and 100 doses of ephedrine were analyzed. All data sets are reported as median [95% CI]. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased from 62 [54,68] to 78 [76,80] mmHg following phenylephrine and from 59 [55,62] to 80 [77,83] mmHg following ephedrine. Stroke volume and cardiac output both increased. Stroke volume variation and pulse pressure variation decreased. Both drugs produced significant increases in dP/dt, from 571 [531, 645] to 767 [733, 811] mmHg/sec for phenylephrine and from 537 [509, 596] to 848 [779, 930] mmHg/sec for ephedrine. No significant changes in Eadyn were observed. CONCLUSION Bolus administration of phenylephrine or ephedrine increases dP/dt but does not change Eadyn. dP/dt demonstrates potential for predicting the inotropic response to phenylephrine or ephedrine, providing guidance for the most efficacious vasopressor when treating hypotension. TRIAL REGISTRATION Data was collected from two protocols. The first was deemed to not require written, informed consent by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). The second was IRB-approved (Effect of Diastolic Dysfunction on Dynamic Cardiac Monitors) and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04177225).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa C Abdallah
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Neal W Fleming
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street Suite 1200 PSSB, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Dull RO, Hahn RG, Dull GE. Anesthesia-induced Lymphatic Dysfunction. Anesthesiology 2024; 141:175-187. [PMID: 38739769 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
General anesthetics adversely alters the distribution of infused fluid between the plasma compartment and the extravascular space. This maldistribution occurs largely from the effects of anesthetic agents on lymphatic pumping, which can be demonstrated by macroscopic fluid kinetics studies in awake versus anesthetized patients. The magnitude of this effect can be appreciated as follows: a 30% reduction in lymph flow may result in a fivefold increase of fluid-induced volume expansion of the interstitial space relative to plasma volume. Anesthesia-induced lymphatic dysfunction is a key factor why anesthetized patients require greater than expected fluid administration than can be accounted for by blood loss, urine output, and insensible losses. Anesthesia also blunts the transvascular refill response to bleeding, an important compensatory mechanism during hemorrhagic hypovolemia, in part through lymphatic inhibition. Last, this study addresses how catecholamines and hypertonic and hyperoncotic fluids may mobilize interstitial fluid to mitigate anesthesia-induced lymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal O Dull
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Robert G Hahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institute at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriella E Dull
- Department of Nursing, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
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Højlund J, Cihoric M, Foss NB. Vasoconstriction with phenylephrine increases cardiac output in preload dependent patients. J Clin Monit Comput 2024:10.1007/s10877-024-01186-7. [PMID: 38907106 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-024-01186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
General Anaesthesia (GA) is accompanied by a marked decrease in sympathetic outflow and thus loss of vasomotor control of cardiac preload. The use of vasoconstriction during GA has mainly focused on maintaining blood pressure. Phenylephrine (PE) is a pure α1-agonist without inotropic effects widely used to correct intraoperative hypotension. The potential of PE for augmenting cardiac stroke volume (SV) and -output (CO) by venous recruitment is controversial and no human studies have explored the effects of PE in preload dependent circulation using indicator dilution technique. We hypothesized that PE-infusion in patients with cardiac stroke volume limited by reduced preload would restore preload and thus augment SV and CO. 20 patients undergoing GA for gastrointestinal surgery were monitored with arterial catheter and LiDCO unity monitor. Upon stable haemodynamics after induction patients were placed in head-up tilt (HUT). All patients became preload responsive as verified by a stroke volume variation (SVV) of > 12%. PE-infusion was then started at 15-20mikrg/min and adjusted until preload was restored (SVV < 12%). Li-dilution cardiac output (CO) was initially measured after induction (baseline), again with HUT in the preload responsive phase, and finally when preload was restored with infusion of PE.At baseline SVV was 10 ± 3% (mean ± st.dev.), CI was 2,6 ± 0,4 L/min*m2, and SVI 43 ± 7mL/m2. With HUT SVV was 19 ± 4%, CI was 2,2 ± 0,4 L/min*m2, SVI 35 ± 7mL/m2. During PE-infusion SVV was reduced to 6 ± 3%, CI increased to 2,6 ± 0,5 L/min*m2, and SVI increased to 49 ± 11mL/m2. All differences p < 0,001. In conclusion: Infusion of phenylephrine during preload dependency increased venous return abolishing preload dependency as evaluated by SVV and increased cardiac stroke volume and -output as measured by indicator-dilution technique. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05193097).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Højlund
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark.
| | - Mirjana Cihoric
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Bang Foss
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Capital Region, Denmark
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Iizuka Y, Yoshinaga K, Amitani S, Nishiyama S, Fukano K, Miyazawa K, Kitajima A, Sawada I, Otsuka Y, Sanui M. Prediction of preload dependency using phenylephrine-induced peripheral perfusion index during general anaesthesia: a prospective observational study. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38431582 PMCID: PMC10908037 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracking preload dependency non-invasively to maintain adequate tissue perfusion in the perioperative period can be challenging.The effect of phenylephrine on stroke volume is dependent upon preload. Changes in stroke volume induced by phenylephrine administration can be used to predict preload dependency. The change in the peripheral perfusion index derived from photoplethysmography signals reportedly corresponds with changes in stroke volume in situations such as body position changes in the operating room. Thus, the peripheral perfusion index can be used as a non-invasive potential alternative to stroke volume to predict preload dependency. Herein, we aimed to determine whether changes in perfusion index induced by the administration of phenylephrine could be used to predict preload dependency. METHODS We conducted a prospective single-centre observational study. The haemodynamic parameters and perfusion index were recorded before and 1 and 2 min after administering 0.1 mg of phenylephrine during post-induction hypotension in patients scheduled to undergo surgery. Preload dependency was defined as a stroke volume variation of ≥ 12% before phenylephrine administration at a mean arterial pressure of < 65 mmHg. Patients were divided into four groups according to total peripheral resistance and preload dependency. RESULTS Forty-two patients were included in this study. The stroke volume in patients with preload dependency (n = 23) increased after phenylephrine administration. However, phenylephrine administration did not impact the stroke volume in patients without preload dependency (n = 19). The perfusion index decreased regardless of preload dependency. The changes in the perfusion index after phenylephrine administration exhibited low accuracy for predicting preload dependency. Based on subgroup analysis, patients with high total peripheral resistance tended to exhibit increased stroke volume following phenylephrine administration, which was particularly prominent in patients with high total peripheral resistance and preload dependency. CONCLUSION The findings of the current study revealed that changes in the perfusion index induced by administering 0.1 mg of phenylephrine could not predict preload dependency. This may be attributed to the different phenylephrine-induced stroke volume patterns observed in patients according to the degree of total peripheral resistance and preload dependency. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000049994 on 9/01/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Iizuka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshinaga
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311- 1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Shizuka Amitani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Seiya Nishiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fukano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Keika Miyazawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Asuka Kitajima
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Ikumi Sawada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Otsuka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Sanui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
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Chung CR, Ko RE, Jang GY, Lee K, Suh GY, Kim Y, Woo EJ. Comparison of noninvasive cardiac output and stroke volume measurements using electrical impedance tomography with invasive methods in a swine model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2962. [PMID: 38316842 PMCID: PMC10844629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) has been used as a clinical standard for cardiac output (CO) measurements on humans. On animals, however, an ultrasonic flow sensor (UFS) placed around the ascending aorta or pulmonary artery can measure CO and stroke volume (SV) more accurately. The objective of this paper is to compare CO and SV measurements using a noninvasive electrical impedance tomography (EIT) device and three invasive devices using UFS, PAC-CCO (continuous CO) and arterial pressure-based CO (APCO). Thirty-two pigs were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. A UFS was placed around the pulmonary artery through thoracotomy in 11 of them, while the EIT, PAC-CCO and APCO devices were used on all of them. Afterload and contractility were changed pharmacologically, while preload was changed through bleeding and injection of fluid or blood. Twenty-three pigs completed the experiment. Among 23, the UFS was used on 7 pigs around the pulmonary artery. The percentage error (PE) between COUFS and COEIT was 26.1%, and the 10-min concordance was 92.5%. Between SVUFS and SVEIT, the PE was 24.8%, and the 10-min concordance was 94.2%. On analyzing the data from all 23 pigs, the PE between time-delay-adjusted COPAC-CCO and COEIT was 34.6%, and the 10-min concordance was 81.1%. Our results suggest that the performance of the EIT device in measuring dynamic changes of CO and SV on mechanically-ventilated pigs under different cardiac preload, afterload and contractility conditions is at least comparable to that of the PAC-CCO device. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the utility of the EIT device as a noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ryang Chung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryoung Eun Ko
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geuk Young Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Kyounghun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Gee Young Suh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongmin Kim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Eung Je Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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Kindermans M, Joachim J, Manquat E, Levé C, Hong A, Mateo J, Mebazaa A, Gayat E, De Backer D, Vallée F. Micro- and macrocirculatory effects of norepinephrine on anaesthesia-induced hypotension: a prospective preliminary study. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:374. [PMID: 37974084 PMCID: PMC10652607 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative arterial hypotension (IOH) leads to increased postoperative morbidity. Norepinephrine is often use to treat IOH. The question regarding the mode of administration in either a bolus or continuous infusion remains unanswered. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare the effects on macrocirculation and microcirculation of a bolus and a continuous infusion of norepinephrine to treat IOH. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study with adult patients who underwent neurosurgery. Patients with invasive arterial blood pressure and cardiac output (CO) monitoring were screened for inclusion. All patients underwent microcirculation monitoring by video-capillaroscopy, laser doppler, near-infrared spectroscopy technology, and tissular CO2. In case of IOH, the patient could receive either a bolus of 10 µg or a continuous infusion of 200 µg/h of norepinephrine. Time analysis for comparison between bolus and continuous infusion were at peak of MAP. The primary outcome was MFI by videocapillaroscopy. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were included, with 41 boluses and 33 continuous infusion. Bolus and continuous infusion induced an maximal increase in mean arterial pressure of +30[20-45] and +23[12-34] %, respectively (P=0,07). For macrocirculatory parameters, continuous infusion was associated with a smaller decrease in CO and stroke volume (p<0.05). For microcirculatory parameters, microvascular flow index (-0,1 vs. + 0,3, p=0,03), perfusion index (-12 vs. +12%, p=0,008), total vessel density (-0,2 vs. +2,3 mm2/mm2, p=0,002), showed significant opposite variations with bolus and continuous infusion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results on macro and microcirculation enlighten the potential benefits of a continuous infusion of norepinephrine rather than a bolus to treat anaesthesia-induced hypotension. TRIAL REGISTRATION (NOR-PHARM: 1-17-42 Clinical Trials: NCT03454204), 05/03/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kindermans
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Jona Joachim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMRS-942, Paris Diderot University, 02, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Elsa Manquat
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMRS-942, Paris Diderot University, 02, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Levé
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Alex Hong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Mateo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMRS-942, Paris Diderot University, 02, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Gayat
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMRS-942, Paris Diderot University, 02, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Daniel De Backer
- CHIREC, Brussels, Belgium
- Intensive Care Department, CHIREC Hospitals, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Vallée
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMRS-942, Paris Diderot University, 02, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
- LMS, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Paris, France
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Kovacheva VP, Armero W, Zhou G, Bishop D, Dyer R, Carvalho B. Investigation of the Optimum Baseline Blood Pressure for Spinal Anesthesia to Guide Vasopressor Management for Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Case-Control Design. Cureus 2023; 15:e45380. [PMID: 37854732 PMCID: PMC10579048 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend prophylactic vasopressor administration during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery to maintain intraoperative blood pressure above 90% of the baseline value. We sought to determine the optimum baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) reading to guide the management of spinal hypotension. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data collected from normotensive patients presenting for elective cesarean delivery in a tertiary care institution from October 2018 to August 2020. We compared the magnitude of hypotension in patients who reported nausea versus those who did not, using a case-control design. Baseline MAPs at last office visit, morning of surgery, or operating room (pre-spinal) were determined. We calculated the duration and degree of hypotension using the area under the curve (AUC) when the MAP of the respective patient was below 90% of each baseline. RESULTS The patients who experienced nausea (n=45) had longer and more profound periods of hypotension than those who did not develop nausea (n=240). A comparison of AUC using MAP baseline at the last office visit or on the morning of surgery showed a statistically significant between-group difference, P=0.02, and P=0.005, respectively, and no significant between-group difference when 90% of the MAP baseline in the operating room was used. CONCLUSIONS Patients had the highest preoperative MAP in the operating room and the AUC was similar for those with and without nausea when the pre-spinal MAP baseline was used. Therefore, maintaining higher intraoperative blood pressure using individual pre-spinal MAP as baseline should reduce intraoperative maternal nausea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela P Kovacheva
- Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - William Armero
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Guohai Zhou
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - David Bishop
- Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, ZAF
| | - Robert Dyer
- Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, ZAF
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Oh J, Kim J, Moon S, Lee Y, Park D, Joo J, Shon YM, Park SM, Jeong U. Subcutaneous mechano-electrocardiogram (MECG) sensor for complementary cardiac diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115443. [PMID: 37276637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the heart pumps out the blood through the excitation-contraction coupling, simultaneous monitoring of the electrical and mechanical characteristics is beneficial for comprehensive diagnosis of cardiac disorders. Currently, these characteristics are monitored separately with electrocardiogram (ECG) and medical imaging techniques. This work presents a fully implantable device named mechano-electrocardiogram (MECG) sensor that can measure mechanocardiogram (MCG) and ECG together. The key to the success is fabrication of permeable electrodes on a single low-modulus porous nanofiber mat, which helps immediate adhesion of the sensor on the tissue. A strain-insensitive electrode is used as the ECG electrode and a strain-sensitive electrode is used for MCG. The MECG device is implanted subcutaneously in the skin above the heart of the rat. Through a vasopressor (phenylephrine) injection test, the MECG signals indicate that the MCG amplitude is related with blood pressure and the ECG peak interval is more related with heart rate. These results confirm that the MECG device is clinically meaningful for continuous and comprehensive monitoring of the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joosung Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Junho Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - YoungHyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Daejong Park
- Department of Convergernce IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jaesoon Joo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06531, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Shon
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06531, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Convergernce IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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Lee S, Toft NJ, Axelsen TV, Espejo MS, Pedersen TM, Mele M, Pedersen HL, Balling E, Johansen T, Burton M, Thomassen M, Vahl P, Christiansen P, Boedtkjer E. Carbonic anhydrases reduce the acidity of the tumor microenvironment, promote immune infiltration, decelerate tumor growth, and improve survival in ErbB2/HER2-enriched breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:46. [PMID: 37098526 PMCID: PMC10127511 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrases catalyze CO2/HCO3- buffer reactions with implications for effective H+ mobility, pH dynamics, and cellular acid-base sensing. Yet, the integrated consequences of carbonic anhydrases for cancer and stromal cell functions, their interactions, and patient prognosis are not yet clear. METHODS We combine (a) bioinformatic analyses of human proteomic data and bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data coupled to clinicopathologic and prognostic information; (b) ex vivo experimental studies of gene expression in breast tissue based on quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reactions, intracellular and extracellular pH recordings based on fluorescence confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemical protein identification in human and murine breast cancer biopsies; and (c) in vivo tumor size measurements, pH-sensitive microelectrode recordings, and microdialysis-based metabolite analyses in mice with experimentally induced breast carcinomas. RESULTS Carbonic anhydrases-particularly the extracellular isoforms CA4, CA6, CA9, CA12, and CA14-undergo potent expression changes during human and murine breast carcinogenesis. In patients with basal-like/triple-negative breast cancer, elevated expression of the extracellular carbonic anhydrases negatively predicts survival, whereas, surprisingly, the extracellular carbonic anhydrases positively predict patient survival in HER2/ErbB2-enriched breast cancer. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition attenuates cellular net acid extrusion and extracellular H+ elimination from diffusion-restricted to peripheral and well-perfused regions of human and murine breast cancer tissue. Supplied in vivo, the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide acidifies the microenvironment of ErbB2-induced murine breast carcinomas, limits tumor immune infiltration (CD3+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, F4/80+ macrophages), lowers inflammatory cytokine (Il1a, Il1b, Il6) and transcription factor (Nfkb1) expression, and accelerates tumor growth. Supporting the immunomodulatory influences of carbonic anhydrases, patient survival benefits associated with high extracellular carbonic anhydrase expression in HER2-enriched breast carcinomas depend on the tumor inflammatory profile. Acetazolamide lowers lactate levels in breast tissue and blood without influencing breast tumor perfusion, suggesting that carbonic anhydrase inhibition lowers fermentative glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that carbonic anhydrases (a) elevate pH in breast carcinomas by accelerating net H+ elimination from cancer cells and across the interstitial space and (b) raise immune infiltration and inflammation in ErbB2/HER2-driven breast carcinomas, restricting tumor growth and improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Lee
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1115, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Toft
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1115, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine V Axelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1115, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maria Sofia Espejo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1115, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tina M Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1115, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marco Mele
- Department of Surgery, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Helene L Pedersen
- Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Eva Balling
- Department of Surgery, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Tonje Johansen
- Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Mark Burton
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Genome Center, University and Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Genome Center, University and Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille Vahl
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peer Christiansen
- Department of Surgery, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1115, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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11
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Features from the photoplethysmogram and the electrocardiogram for estimating changes in blood pressure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:986. [PMID: 36653426 PMCID: PMC9849280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing emphasis being placed on the potential for cuffless blood pressure (BP) estimation through modelling of morphological features from the photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG). However, the appropriate features and models to use remain unclear. We investigated the best features available from the PPG and ECG for BP estimation using both linear and non-linear machine learning models. We conducted a clinical study in which changes in BP ([Formula: see text]BP) were induced by an infusion of phenylephrine in 30 healthy volunteers (53.8% female, 28.0 (9.0) years old). We extracted a large and diverse set of features from both the PPG and the ECG and assessed their individual importance for estimating [Formula: see text]BP through Shapley additive explanation values and a ranking coefficient. We trained, tuned, and evaluated linear (ordinary least squares, OLS) and non-linear (random forest, RF) machine learning models to estimate [Formula: see text]BP in a nested leave-one-subject-out cross-validation framework. We reported the results as correlation coefficient ([Formula: see text]), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The non-linear RF model significantly ([Formula: see text]) outperformed the linear OLS model using both the PPG and the ECG signals across all performance metrics. Estimating [Formula: see text]SBP using the PPG alone ([Formula: see text] = 0.86 (0.23), RMSE = 5.66 (4.76) mmHg, MAE = 4.86 (4.29) mmHg) performed significantly better than using the ECG alone ([Formula: see text] = 0.69 (0.45), RMSE = 6.79 (4.76) mmHg, MAE = 5.28 (4.57) mmHg), all [Formula: see text]. The highest ranking features from the PPG largely modelled increasing reflected wave interference driven by changes in arterial stiffness. This finding was supported by changes observed in the PPG waveform in response to the phenylephrine infusion. However, a large number of features were required for accurate BP estimation, highlighting the high complexity of the problem. We conclude that the PPG alone may be further explored as a potential single source, cuffless, blood pressure estimator. The use of the ECG alone is not justified. Non-linear models may perform better as they are able to incorporate interactions between feature values and demographics. However, demographics may not adequately account for the unique and individualised relationship between the extracted features and BP.
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12
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Diaz-Falcon N, Clark-Price S, Holland M, Johnson J, Lascola K. Ultrasound dilution cardiac output and echocardiography findings in anesthetized mature alpacas (Vicugna pacos) during normotension, hypotension and hypertension. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284299. [PMID: 37036882 PMCID: PMC10085030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) have physiologic adaptations to live at high altitude. These adaptations may result in unexpected responses to changes in cardiac performance and blood pressure during general anesthesia. There are few studies evaluating cardiovascular variables in anesthetized alpacas. The purpose of this study was to report cardiovascular performance in anesthetized mature alpacas during normotension, hypotension, and hypertension using ultrasound dilution and echocardiography. Six adult alpacas, 3 females and 3 castrated males, weighing 62.6 to 88.7 kg were anesthetized and maintained with isoflurane and placed in right lateral recumbency. Each alpaca underwent ultrasound dilution and echocardiography measurements during three cardiovascular phases, normotension, hypotension via increased isoflurane concentration, and hypertension via phenylephrine infusion. Variables were analyzed with a Friedman test and a post hoc Dunn's test when significant. A p < 0.05 was used for significance. Cardiac output, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, total ejection fraction, left ventricular internal diameter during diastole, and total stroke volume indexed to body weight were greater for hypertension compared to hypotension. Total ejection fraction, stroke volume, and left ventricular ejection time were greater for hypertions compared to normotension. There was no difference between ultrasound dilution and echocardiography determined cardiac output measurements within each cardiovascular phase. Phenylephrine appeared to have increased ventricular performance and/or increased preload in anesthetized, mature alpacas. For detecting change in cardiovascular status in anesthetized alpacas, ultrasound dilution and echocardiography may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Diaz-Falcon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stuart Clark-Price
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Merrilee Holland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jacob Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kara Lascola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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13
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van Dyk D, Dyer RA, Bishop DG. Spinal hypotension in obstetrics: Context-sensitive prevention and management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2022; 36:69-82. [PMID: 35659961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal hypotension during caesarean section remains a common complication, with important attendant maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Research elucidating the mechanisms of spinal hypotension has led to the development and refinement of effective management strategies, with a particular emphasis on prophylactic vasopressor administration. This has proved effective in well-resourced settings, with maternal comfort and the elimination of nausea now considered the primary aim of treatment. In resource-limited settings, sophisticated strategies are not feasible due to insufficient equipment, staff, and expertise. Therefore, in these areas spinal hypotension remains an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Translational, context-sensitive research in resource-limited settings has shown promise in implementing pragmatic strategies based on research from resource-rich environments. We review the current best practice for the prevention and treatment of spinal hypotension, with a special emphasis on effective strategies in resource-limited settings. We further suggest a research agenda to address the knowledge gap in specific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique van Dyk
- D23 Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Robert A Dyer
- D23 Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - David G Bishop
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Grey's Hospital, Town Bush Road, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa.
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14
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Le Gall A, Vallée F, Joachim J, Hong A, Matéo J, Mebazaa A, Gayat E. Estimation of cardiac output variations induced by hemodynamic interventions using multi-beat analysis of arterial waveform: a comparative off-line study with transesophageal Doppler method during non-cardiac surgery. J Clin Monit Comput 2022; 36:501-510. [PMID: 33687601 PMCID: PMC9123019 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-021-00679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi-beat analysis (MBA) of the radial arterial pressure (AP) waveform is a new method that may improve cardiac output (CO) estimation via modelling of the confounding arterial wave reflection. We evaluated the precision and accuracy using the trending ability of the MBA method to estimate absolute CO and variations (ΔCO) during hemodynamic challenges. We reviewed the hemodynamic challenges (fluid challenge or vasopressors) performed when intra-operative hypotension occurred during non-cardiac surgery. The CO was calculated offline using transesophageal Doppler (TED) waveform (COTED) or via application of the MBA algorithm onto the AP waveform (COMBA) before and after hemodynamic challenges. We evaluated the precision and the accuracy according to the Bland & Altman method. We also assessed the trending ability of the MBA by evaluating the percentage of concordance with 15% exclusion zone between ΔCOMBA and ΔCOTED. A non-inferiority margin was set at 87.5%. Among the 58 patients included, 23 (40%) received at least 1 fluid challenge, and 46 (81%) received at least 1 bolus of vasopressors. Before treatment, the COTED was 5.3 (IQR [4.1-8.1]) l min-1, and the COMBA was 4.1 (IQR [3-5.4]) l min-1. The agreement between COTED and COMBA was poor with a 70% percentage error. The bias and lower and upper limits of agreement between COTED and COMBA were 0.9 (CI95 = 0.82 to 1.07) l min-1, -2.8 (CI95 = -2.71 to-2.96) l min-1 and 4.7 (CI95 = 4.61 to 4.86) l min-1, respectively. After hemodynamic challenge, the percentage of concordance (PC) with 15% exclusion zone for ΔCO was 93 (CI97.5 = 90 to 97)%. In this retrospective offline analysis, the accuracy, limits of agreements and percentage error between TED and MBA for the absolute estimation of CO were poor, but the MBA could adequately track induced CO variations measured by TED. The MBA needs further evaluation in prospective studies to confirm those results in clinical practice conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Le Gall
- Inria Paris-Saclay, 01, avenue Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- LMS, École Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France.
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Lariboisière - Saint Louis - Fernand Widal University Hospitals, University of Paris, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, 85 boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Fabrice Vallée
- Inria Paris-Saclay, 01, avenue Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- LMS, École Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Lariboisière - Saint Louis - Fernand Widal University Hospitals, University of Paris, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- UMR-S 942, INSERM, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Jona Joachim
- Inria Paris-Saclay, 01, avenue Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- LMS, École Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Lariboisière - Saint Louis - Fernand Widal University Hospitals, University of Paris, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- UMR-S 942, INSERM, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Alex Hong
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Lariboisière - Saint Louis - Fernand Widal University Hospitals, University of Paris, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 85 boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Joaquim Matéo
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Lariboisière - Saint Louis - Fernand Widal University Hospitals, University of Paris, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Lariboisière - Saint Louis - Fernand Widal University Hospitals, University of Paris, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- UMR-S 942, INSERM, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 85 boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Gayat
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Lariboisière - Saint Louis - Fernand Widal University Hospitals, University of Paris, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- UMR-S 942, INSERM, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 85 boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006, Paris, France
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15
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Rajanathan R, Pedersen TM, Thomsen MB, Botker HE, Matchkov VV. Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiovascular Changes in the Anesthetized Mouse: An Integrated Assessment of in vivo Hemodynamics Under Conditions of Controlled Heart Rate. Front Physiol 2022; 13:831724. [PMID: 35250634 PMCID: PMC8891648 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Investigating the cardiovascular system is challenging due to its complex regulation by humoral and neuronal factors. Despite this complexity, many existing research methods are limited to the assessment of a few parameters leading to an incomplete characterization of cardiovascular function. Thus, we aim to establish a murine in vivo model for integrated assessment of the cardiovascular system under conditions of controlled heart rate. Utilizing this model, we assessed blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and electrocardiogram (ECG). Hypothesis We hypothesize that (i) our in vivo model can be utilized to investigate cardiac and vascular responses to pharmacological intervention with the α1-agonist phenylephrine, and (ii) we can study cardiovascular function during artificial pacing of the heart, modulating cardiac function without a direct vascular effect. Methods We included 12 mice that were randomly assigned to either vehicle or phenylephrine intervention through intraperitoneal administration. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and intubated endotracheally for mechanical ventilation. We measured blood pressure via a solid-state catheter in the aortic arch, blood flow via a probe on the ascending aorta, and ECG from needle electrodes on the extremities. Right atrium was electrically paced at a frequency ranging from 10 to 11.3 Hz before and after either vehicle or phenylephrine administration. Results Phenylephrine significantly increased blood pressure, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance compared to the vehicle group. Moreover, heart rate was significantly decreased following phenylephrine administration. Pacing significantly decreased stroke volume and cardiac output both prior to and after drug administration. However, phenylephrine-induced changes in blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were maintained with increasing pacing frequencies compared to the vehicle group. Total peripheral resistance was not significantly altered with increasing pacing frequencies suggesting that the effect of phenylephrine is primarily of vascular origin. Conclusion In conclusion, this in vivo murine model is capable of distinguishing between changes in peripheral vascular and cardiac functions. This study underlines the primary effect of phenylephrine on vascular function with secondary changes to cardiac function. Hence, this in vivo model is useful for the integrated assessment of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Rajanathan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Rajkumar Rajanathan,
| | | | - Morten B. Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Botker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kamiya S, Nakamura R, Saeki N, Tsutsumi YM. Paradoxical increase in the photoplethysmography amplitude in response to nociceptive stimulation induced by tracheal intubation : A case report. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 68:383-385. [PMID: 34759164 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background : Although an increase in sympathetic nerve activity is generally associated with a decrease in the photoplethysmography (PPG) amplitude, the present case study demonstrates that nociceptive stimuli, such as tracheal intubation, paradoxically induce an increase in PPG amplitude. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to capture an increase in the PPG amplitude in response to sympathetic nerve activation. Case presentation : A 73-year-old woman underwent open surgery. Following anesthesia induction, tracheal intubation was performed, which resulted in increased heart rate and raised blood pressure. While nociception usually decreases the PPG amplitude, the opposite was found. Conversely, the vascular stiffness K value, our research group's unique monitoring method to quantify the strength of sympathetic activity, increased reflecting increased peripheral vascular resistance. Conclusions : We report a paradoxical case of increased PPG amplitude following tracheal intubation. It is important to note that the PPG amplitude does not always decrease with nociceptive stimuli. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 383-385, August, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kamiya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noboru Saeki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuo M Tsutsumi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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17
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Muir WW, Hughes D, Silverstein DC. Editorial: Fluid Therapy in Animals: Physiologic Principles and Contemporary Fluid Resuscitation Considerations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:744080. [PMID: 34746284 PMCID: PMC8563835 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.744080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William W Muir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, United States
| | - Dez Hughes
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah C Silverstein
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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18
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The Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Effect of Inotropes/Vasopressors Administered to Treat Intraoperative Hypotension: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2021; 35:31-40. [PMID: 34116546 PMCID: PMC9142214 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the main concerns of intraoperative hypotension is adequacy of cerebral perfusion, as cerebral blood flow decreases passively when mean arterial pressure falls below the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation. Treatment of intraoperative hypotension includes administration of drugs, such as inotropes and vasopressors, which have different pharmacological effects on cerebral hemodynamics; there is no consensus on the preferred drug to use. We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to pool and analyze data comparing the effect on cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO 2 ) measured by cerebral oximetry of various inotropes/vasopressors used to treat intraoperative hypotension. We searched randomized control trials in Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. We included studies that enrolled adult patients undergoing surgery under general/spinal anesthesia that compared at least 2 inotropes/vasopressors to treat hypotension. We reviewed 51 full-text manuscripts and included 9 randomized controlled trials in our study. The primary outcome was change in ScO 2 . Our results showed the likelihood that dopamine, ephedrine, and norepinephrine had the lowest probability of decreasing ScO 2 . The suggested rank order to maintain ScO 2 , from higher to lower, was dopamine <ephedrine <norepinephrine <phenylephrine. Drugs in the lower rank order, like phenylephrine, produce higher reductions in ScO 2 . Compared with dopamine, the mean difference (95% credible interval) of ScO 2 reduction was: ephedrine -3.19 (-15.74, 8.82), norepinephrine -4.44 (-18.23, 9.63) and phenylephrine -6.93 (-18.31, 4.47). The results of our NMA suggest that dopamine and ephedrine are more likely to preserve ScO 2 , followed by norepinephrine. Compared with the other inotropes/vasopressors, phenylephrine decreased ScO 2 . Because of the inherent imprecision of direct/indirect comparisons, the rank orders are possibilities, not absolute ranks. Therefore the results of this NMA should be interpreted with caution.
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Bishop DG, Le Roux SPDP. Anaesthesia for ruptured ectopic pregnancy at district level. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2021; 63:e1-e5. [PMID: 34082559 PMCID: PMC8377993 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v63i1.5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In South Africa, deaths as a result of ectopic pregnancies are increasing despite the overall improvements in maternal mortality. These deaths occur predominantly in district hospitals, with the final cause of death being hypovolaemic shock in almost all cases. In most cases, no anaesthesia was attempted despite the district hospitals having the clinical skills, equipment and infrastructure to provide a caesarean delivery service. It appears that there is a skills gap between the provision of anaesthesia for caesarean delivery and that of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. There is a growing recognition of the urgent need to prioritise the provision of emergency surgical care in rural settings. This should be viewed not as a luxury but as an absolute necessity. In this study, we aim to discuss the pathophysiology of a patient with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy briefly, outline district hospital requirements for safe surgery and then discuss a simple, safe method for the provision of anaesthesia in patients deemed too unstable to transfer to a referral facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Bishop
- Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
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20
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Le Gall A, Gayat É, Joachim J, Cohen S, Hong A, Matéo J, Buxin C, Millasseau S, Mebazaa A, Vallée F. Velocity-pressure loops can estimate intrinsic and pharmacologically induced changes in cardiac afterload during non-cardiac surgery. An observational study. J Clin Monit Comput 2021; 36:545-555. [PMID: 33755846 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-021-00686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Continuous measurement of aortic pressure and aortic flow velocity signals in the operating theatre allows us to draw velocity-pressure (Vel-Pre) loops. The global afterload angle (GALA), derived from the Vel-Pre loops, has been linked to cardiac afterload indicators. As age is the major determinant of constitutive arterial stiffness, we aimed to describe (1) the evolution of the GALA according to age in a large cohort of anesthetized patients and (2) GALA variations induced by haemodynamic interventions. METHODS We included patients for whom continuous monitoring of arterial pressure and cardiac output were indicated. Fluid challenges or vasopressors were administered to treat intra-operative hypotension. The primary endpoint was the comparison of the GALA values between young and old patients. The secondary endpoint was the difference in the GALA values before and after haemodynamic interventions. RESULTS We included 133 anaesthetized patients: 66 old and 67 young patients. At baseline, the GALA was higher in the old patients than in young patients (38 ± 6 vs. 25 ± 4 degrees; p < 0.001). The GALA was positively associated with age (p < 0.001), but the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output were not. The GALA did not change after volume expansion, regardless of the fluid response, but it did increase after vasopressor administration. Furthermore, while a vasopressor bolus led to a similar increase in MAP, phenylephrine induced a more substantial increase in the GALA than noradrenaline (+ 12 ± 5° vs. + 8 ± 5°; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION In non-cardiac surgery, the GALA seems to be associated with both intrinsic rigidity (reflected by age) and pharmacologically induced vasoconstriction changes (by vasopressors). In addition, the GALA can discriminate the differential effects of phenylephrine and noradrenaline. These results should be confirmed in a prospective, ideally randomized, trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Le Gall
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
- M3DISIM, Inria-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
- LMS, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Étienne Gayat
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMRS-942, Paris Diderot University, 02, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Jona Joachim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Cohen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Alex Hong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Joaquim Matéo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Buxin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Millasseau
- Pulse Wave Consulting, 72 B rue de Montignon, 95320, Saint Leu La Foret, France
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMRS-942, Paris Diderot University, 02, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Vallée
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lariboisière - Saint Louis Hospitals, 02 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMRS-942, Paris Diderot University, 02, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- M3DISIM, Inria-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- LMS, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
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O’Brien J, Mahony S, Byrne RJ, Byrne RA. Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract gradient resulting from Takotsubo cardiomyopathy ameliorated by intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytab082. [PMID: 33718770 PMCID: PMC7937414 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a variant of acute coronary syndrome with characteristic acute left ventricular apical ballooning. Uncommonly, there can be associated left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction causing cardiogenic shock refractory to inotropic support. The use of afterload-reducing mechanical support such as intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation is not routinely employed in instances of this kind. CASE SUMMARY In our case report, we describe a 66-year-old female with acute Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and associated LVOT obstruction which failed to respond to high-dose dobutamine and whose clinical trajectory was worsened by fast atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Within 24 h of admission, the patient had an IABP placed which rapidly improved her haemodynamics. Two days later, IABP was removed and within 6 days of admission, apical ballooning and LVOT obstruction had fully recovered. CONCLUSION We recommend early use of mechanical support with IABP counterpulsation to expedite recovery in patients with acute Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with associated LVOT obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim O’Brien
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Mahony
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roger J Byrne
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert A Byrne
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Ephedrine versus Phenylephrine Effect on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in Anesthetized Brain Tumor Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesthesiology 2020; 133:304-317. [PMID: 32482999 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in anesthetized patients suggest that phenylephrine reduces regional cerebral oxygen saturation compared with ephedrine. The present study aimed to quantify the effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine on cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in brain tumor patients. The authors hypothesized that phenylephrine reduces cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in selected brain regions compared with ephedrine. METHODS In this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 24 anesthetized patients with brain tumors were randomly assigned to ephedrine or phenylephrine treatment. Positron emission tomography measurements of cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in peritumoral and normal contralateral regions were performed before and during vasopressor infusion. The primary endpoint was between-group difference in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. Secondary endpoints included changes in cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction, and regional cerebral oxygen saturation. RESULTS Peritumoral mean ± SD cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen values before and after vasopressor (ephedrine, 67.0 ± 11.3 and 67.8 ± 25.7 μmol · 100 g · min; phenylephrine, 68.2 ± 15.2 and 67.6 ± 18.0 μmol · 100 g · min) showed no intergroup difference (difference [95% CI], 1.5 [-13.3 to 16.3] μmol · 100 g · min [P = 0.839]). Corresponding contralateral hemisphere cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen values (ephedrine, 90.8 ± 15.9 and 94.6 ± 16.9 μmol · 100 g · min; phenylephrine, 100.8 ± 20.7 and 96.4 ± 17.7 μmol · 100 g · min) showed no intergroup difference (difference [95% CI], 8.2 [-2.0 to 18.5] μmol · 100 g · min [P = 0.118]). Ephedrine significantly increased cerebral blood flow (difference [95% CI], 3.9 [0.7 to 7.0] ml · 100 g · min [P = 0.019]) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (difference [95% CI], 4 [1 to 8]% [P = 0.024]) in the contralateral hemisphere compared to phenylephrine. The change in oxygen extraction fraction in both regions (peritumoral difference [95% CI], -0.6 [-14.7 to 13.6]% [P = 0.934]; contralateral hemisphere difference [95% CI], -0.1 [- 12.1 to 12.0]% [P = 0.989]) were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen changes in peritumoral and normal contralateral regions were similar between ephedrine- and phenylephrine-treated patients. In the normal contralateral region, ephedrine was associated with an increase in cerebral blood flow and regional cerebral oxygen saturation compared with phenylephrine.
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23
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Repeatability and reproducibility of pulse wave velocity in relation to hemodynamics and sodium excretion in stable patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1531-1540. [PMID: 32195822 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a useful marker for determining subclinical vascular damage and patient risk stratification. Repeatability and reproducibility of PWV in relation to influencing factors have not yet been determined. This study examined the repeatability and reproducibility of PWV, and whether hemodynamics and sodium excretion impact on PWV in hypertensive patients remaining on stable medication. METHODS Office blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), carotid--femoral PWV and central BP (SphygmoCor device), impedance cardiography (HOTMAN device) and 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UNa) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks in 74 hypertensive patients (age 56.8 ± 11.5 years, mean ± SD). Two PWV measurements were performed at each visit. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between the two PWV measurements were 0.981 (0.970--0.988) at baseline, 0.975 (0.960--0.984) after 4 weeks and 0.851 (0.773--0.903) between both visits. There were no significant changes in BP, HR, thoracic fluid content, stroke volume and UNa between visits. Despite excellent ICC, reproducibility of PWV was related to BP (P < 0.001) and HR (P = 0.07) changes between visits. Nineteen out of 74 patients had a difference in PWV greater than ±1 m/s between both visits. CONCLUSION In the medium-term observation, changes in BP and HR seem to affect PWV values. Our findings suggest that the assessment of PWV should be performed under stabilized BP and HR values, particularly in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension and/or low--moderate cardiovascular risk in whom the detection of asymptomatic hypertension-mediated organ damage impact on patient risk stratification.
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24
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Poveda-Jaramillo R. Heart Dysfunction in Sepsis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:298-309. [PMID: 32807603 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac involvement during sepsis frequently occurs. A series of molecules induces a set of changes at the cellular level that result in the malfunction of the myocardium. The understanding of these molecular alterations has simultaneously promoted the implementation of diagnostic strategies that are much more precise and allowed the advance of the therapeutics. The heart is a vital organ for survival. Its well-being ensures the adequate supply of essential elements for organs and tissues.
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25
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Ko MJ, Kim H, Lee HS, Lee SJ, Park YH, Bang JY, Lee KH. Effect of phenylephrine infusion on hypotension induced by the beach chair position: A prospective randomized trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20946. [PMID: 32664094 PMCID: PMC7360254 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beach chair position (BCP), used during shoulder surgery, is associated with hypotension, bradycardia, and risk of cerebral hypoperfusion. Phenylephrine is commonly used as a first treatment of choice of intraoperative hypotension during surgery. We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of 2 doses of intravenous phenylephrine infusion administered before being placed in BCP for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The primary endpoint was the incidence of hypotension after positional change. METHODS Sixty-six patients were randomized to receive either intravenous normal saline (group NS) or intravenous phenylephrine infusion (0.5 μg/kg/min, group LP or 1.0 μg/kg/min, group HP) for 5 minutes before being placed in the BCP. Mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate, stroke volume variation, and cardiac index were measured before and after positional change. RESULTS The total incidence of hypotension after the BCP was 93.65%, but was not significantly different among the 3 groups. However, there was a significant difference in trends between the groups for MAP for 5 minutes after BCP (P = .028). Comparison of changes in MAP at 1 minute compared to post-induction MAP was significantly different between group HP and group NS (P = .014). CONCLUSION Infusion of 0.5 and 1.0 μg/kg/min of phenylephrine for 5 minutes before the BCP has no preventive effect for incidence of hypotension. However, this study showed that 1.0 μg/kg/min of phenylephrine infusion for 5 minutes can attenuate the severity of hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soo Jee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
| | | | - Jin-Young Bang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital of Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwa Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
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26
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Ripollés-Melchor J, Zaballos-García M, Monge García MI. The phenylephrine challenge. Minerva Anestesiol 2020; 86:1015-1018. [PMID: 32613813 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.20.14716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ripollés-Melchor
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain - .,Spanish Perioperative Audit and Research Network (REDGERM), Zaragoza, Spain -
| | - Matilde Zaballos-García
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Gregorio Maranon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel I Monge García
- Department of Critical Care, University Hospital of Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
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27
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Fassaert LMM, de Borst GJ, Pennekamp CWA, Specken-Welleweerd JC, Moll FL, van Klei WA, Immink RV. Effect of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine on Cerebral (Tissue) Oxygen Saturation During Carotid Endarterectomy (PEPPER): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurocrit Care 2020; 31:514-525. [PMID: 31190322 PMCID: PMC6872511 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Short-acting vasopressor agents like phenylephrine or ephedrine can be used during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) to prevent periprocedural stroke by preserving the cerebral perfusion. Previous studies in healthy subjects showed that these vasopressors also affected the frontal lobe cerebral tissue oxygenation (rSO2) with a decrease after administration of phenylephrine. This decrease is unwarranted in patients with jeopardized cerebral perfusion, like CEA patients. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of both phenylephrine and ephedrine on the rSO2 during CEA. Methods In this double-blinded randomized controlled trial, 29 patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis underwent CEA under volatile general anesthesia in a tertiary referral medical center. Patients were preoperative allocated randomly (1:1) for receiving either phenylephrine (50 µg; n = 14) or ephedrine (5 mg; n = 15) in case intraoperative hypotension occurred, defined as a decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 20% compared to (awake) baseline. Intraoperative MAP was measured by an intra-arterial cannula placed in the radial artery. After administration, the MAP, cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), stroke volume, and rSO2 both ipsilateral and contralateral were measured. The timeframe for data analysis was 120 s before, until 600 s after administration. Results Both phenylephrine (70 ± 9 to 101 ± 22 mmHg; p < 0.001; mean ± SD) and ephedrine (75 ± 11 mmHg to 122 ± 22 mmHg; p < 0.001) adequately restored MAP. After administration, HR did not change significantly over time, and CO increased 19% for both phenylephrine and ephedrine. rSO2 ipsilateral and contralateral did not change significantly after administration at 300 and 600 s for either phenylephrine or ephedrine (phenylephrine 73%, 73%, 73% and 73%, 73%, 74%; ephedrine 72%, 73%, 73% and 75%, 74%, 74%). Conclusions Within this randomized prospective study, MAP correction by either phenylephrine or ephedrine showed to be equally effective in maintaining rSO2 in patients who underwent CEA. Clinical Trial Registration ClincalTrials.gov, NCT01451294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M M Fassaert
- Department of Vascular Surgery G04.129, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery G04.129, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire W A Pennekamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery G04.129, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jantine C Specken-Welleweerd
- Department of Vascular Surgery G04.129, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans L Moll
- Department of Vascular Surgery G04.129, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilton A van Klei
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier V Immink
- Department of Medical Biology, Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
In the 1950s, Arthur C. Guyton removed the heart from its pedestal in cardiovascular physiology by arguing that cardiac output is primarily regulated by the peripheral vasculature. This is counterintuitive, as modulating heart rate would appear to be the most obvious means of regulating cardiac output. In this Review, we visit recent and classic advances in comparative physiology in light of this concept. Although most vertebrates increase heart rate when oxygen demands rise (e.g. during activity or warming), experimental evidence suggests that this tachycardia is neither necessary nor sufficient to drive a change in cardiac output (i.e. systemic blood flow, Q̇ sys) under most circumstances. Instead, Q̇ sys is determined by the interplay between vascular conductance (resistance) and capacitance (which is mainly determined by the venous circulation), with a limited and variable contribution from heart function (myocardial inotropy). This pattern prevails across vertebrates; however, we also highlight the unique adaptations that have evolved in certain vertebrate groups to regulate venous return during diving bradycardia (i.e. inferior caval sphincters in diving mammals and atrial smooth muscle in turtles). Going forward, future investigation of cardiovascular responses to altered metabolic rate should pay equal consideration to the factors influencing venous return and cardiac filling as to the factors dictating cardiac function and heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Joyce
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark .,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tobias Wang
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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End-Expiratory Occlusion Test During Increase of Vasomotor Tone in a Rabbit Model of Hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1257. [PMID: 31988341 PMCID: PMC6985311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
End-expiratory occlusion test (EEOT) has been proposed as a preload responsiveness test that overcomes several limitations of pulse pressure (PPV) and stroke volume (SVV) variations. We compared the ability of EEOT versus SVV and PPV to predict fluid responsiveness during the increase of the vasomotor tone in a rabbit model of hemorrhage. Ten rabbits were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated during basal load (BL), after progressive blood withdrawal (BW), and after volume replacement. Other two sets of data were obtained during vasomotor increase by phenylephrine (PHE) infusion in BL and BW. We estimated the change of stroke volume (∆SVEEOT) and aortic flow (∆AoFEEOT) during the EEOT. PPV and SVV were obtained by the variation of beat-to-beat PP and SV, respectively. Baseline PPV, SVV, ∆SVEEOT, and ∆AoFEEOT increased significantly after BW, with a decrease of aortic flow (P < 0.05). PHE induced a significant decrease of PPV and SVV, but without affecting ∆SVEEOT, and ∆AoFEEOT. We conclude that ∆SV and ∆AoF during EEOT kept the ability to predict fluid responsiveness during PHE infusion in a rabbit hemorrhage model. This result may suggest the advantage of EEOT with respect to SVV and PPV in predicting fluid responsiveness during vasomotor tone increase.
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30
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Højlund J, Agerskov M, Clemmesen CG, Hvolris LE, Foss NB. The Peripheral Perfusion Index tracks systemic haemodynamics during general anaesthesia. J Clin Monit Comput 2019; 34:1177-1184. [DOI: 10.1007/s10877-019-00420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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de Courson H, Boyer P, Grobost R, Lanchon R, Sesay M, Nouette-Gaulain K, Futier E, Biais M. Changes in dynamic arterial elastance induced by volume expansion and vasopressor in the operating room: a prospective bicentre study. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9:117. [PMID: 31602588 PMCID: PMC6787125 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-019-0588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn), defined as the ratio between pulse pressure variations and stroke volume variations, has been proposed to assess functional arterial load. We evaluated the evolution of Eadyn during volume expansion and the effects of neosynephrine infusion in hypotensive and preload-responsive patients. METHODS In this prospective bicentre study, we included 56 mechanically ventilated patients in the operating room. Each patient had volume expansion and neosynephrine infusion. Stroke volume and stroke volume variations were obtained using esophageal Doppler, and pulse pressure variations were measured through the arterial line. Pressure response to volume expansion was defined as an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 10%. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were pressure responders to volume expansion. Volume expansion induced a decrease in Eadyn (from 0.69 [0.58-0.85] to 0.59 [0.42-0.77]) related to a decrease in pulse pressure variations more pronounced than the decrease in stroke volume variations. Baseline and changes in Eadyn after volume expansion were related to age, history of arterial hypertension, net arterial compliance and effective arterial elastance. Eadyn value before volume expansion > 0.65 predicted a MAP increase ≥ 10% with a sensitivity of 76% (95% CI 53-92%) and a specificity of 60% (95% CI 42-76%). Neosynephrine infusion induced a decrease in Eadyn (from 0.67 [0.48-0.80] to 0.54 [0.37-0.68]) related to a decrease in pulse pressure variations more pronounced than the decrease in stroke volume variations. Baseline and changes in Eadyn after neosynephrine infusion were only related to heart rate. CONCLUSION Eadyn is a potential sensitive marker of arterial tone changes following vasopressor infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Courson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pellegrin Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Boyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pellegrin Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Romain Grobost
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Romain Lanchon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pellegrin Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Musa Sesay
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pellegrin Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Nouette-Gaulain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pellegrin Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U12-11, Laboratoire de Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Futier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.,Équipe R2D2 EA-7281/Faculté de Médecine/Université d'Auvergne, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Matthieu Biais
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pellegrin Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,INSERM, U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, 33600, Pessac, France.
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32
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Ho AMH, Mizubuti GB. Co-induction with a vasopressor "chaser" to mitigate propofol-induced hypotension when intubating critically ill/frail patients-A questionable practice. J Crit Care 2019; 54:256-260. [PMID: 31630076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic administration of a vasopressor to mitigate the hypotensive effect of propofol (and/or other co-induction agents) during sedation/anesthesia immediately prior to tracheal intubation in frail patients in the intensive care unit and emergency and operating rooms appears to be not an uncommon practice. We submit that this practice is unnecessary and potentially harmful. Despite restoring the blood pressure, phenylephrine, for instance, may have an additive or synergistic effect with propofol in reducing the cardiac output and, ultimately, organ perfusion. Airway instrumentation often leads to sympathetic activation and hypertension (thereby increasing myocardial oxygen consumption) which may be exacerbated by an arbitrary prophylactic dose of phenylephrine. Finally, in spite of the well-recognized need to reduce dosages of propofol in frail patients, excessive doses are commonly given, leading to hypotension. We herein discuss each of these points and suggest alternative techniques to promote a stable induction in frail patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M-H Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Glenio B Mizubuti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada.
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Davies SJ, Yates DR, Wilson RJT, Murphy Z, Gibson A, Allgar V, Collyer T. A randomised trial of non-invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide haemodynamic optimisation in high risk patients undergoing urgent surgical repair of proximal femoral fractures (ClearNOF trial NCT02382185). Perioper Med (Lond) 2019; 8:8. [PMID: 31406569 PMCID: PMC6686254 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-019-0119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hip fracture is a procedure with high mortality and complication rates, and there exists a group especially at risk of these outcomes identified by their Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS). Meta-analysis suggests a possible benefit to this patient group from intravascular volume optimisation. We investigated whether intraoperative fluid and blood pressure optimisation improved complications in this group. Methods Patients with a NHFS ≥ 5 were enrolled into this multicentre observer-blinded randomised control trial. Patients were allocated to either standard care or a combination of fluid optimisation and blood pressure control using a non-invasive system. The primary outcome was the number of patients with one or more complications in each group. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), incidence of hypotension and fluid and vasopressor usage. Results Forty-six percent of patients in the intervention group suffered one or more complications compared to the 51% in the control group (OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.49–1.36)). Per-protocol analysis improved the OR to 0.73 (95% CI 0.43–1.24). Median LOS was the same between both groups; however, the mean LOS on a per-protocol analysis was longer in the control group compared to the intervention group (23.2 (18.0) days vs. 18.5 (16.5), p = 0.047). Conclusions Haemodynamic optimisation including blood pressure management in high-risk patients undergoing repair of a hip fracture did not result in a statistically significant reduction in complications; however, a potential reduction in length of stay was seen. Trial registration A randomised trial of non-invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide haemodynamic optimisation in high risk patients undergoing urgent surgical repair of proximal femoral fractures (ClearNOF trial NCT02382185).
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Davies
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wiggington Road, York, YO31 8HE UK
| | - D R Yates
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wiggington Road, York, YO31 8HE UK
| | - R J T Wilson
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wiggington Road, York, YO31 8HE UK
| | - Z Murphy
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wiggington Road, York, YO31 8HE UK
| | - A Gibson
- Clinical Research Network: Yorkshire and Humber, York Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Wigginton Road, York, UK
| | - V Allgar
- 3Hull York Medical School/Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - T Collyer
- 4Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, UK
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Assessment of cerebral and renal autoregulation using near-infrared spectroscopy under normal, hypovolaemic and postfluid resuscitation conditions in a swine model. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2019; 36:531-540. [DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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McEvoy MD, Gupta R, Koepke EJ, Feldheiser A, Michard F, Levett D, Thacker JK, Hamilton M, Grocott MP, Mythen MG, Miller TE, Edwards MR, Miller TE, Mythen MG, Grocott MPW, Edwards MR, Ackland GL, Brudney CS, Cecconi M, Ince C, Irwin MG, Lacey J, Pinsky MR, Sanders R, Hughes F, Bader A, Thompson A, Hoeft A, Williams D, Shaw AD, Sessler DI, Aronson S, Berry C, Gan TJ, Kellum J, Plumb J, Bloomstone J, McEvoy MD, Thacker JK, Gupta R, Koepke E, Feldheiser A, Levett D, Michard F, Hamilton M. Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus statement on postoperative blood pressure, risk and outcomes for elective surgery. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:575-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Marques NR, De Riese J, Yelverton BC, McQuitty C, Jupiter D, Willmann K, Salter M, Kinsky M, Johnston WE. Diastolic Function and Peripheral Venous Pressure as Indices for Fluid Responsiveness in Cardiac Surgical Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:2208-2215. [PMID: 30738752 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying fluid responsiveness is critical to optimizing perfusion while preventing fluid overload. An experimental study of hypovolemic shock resuscitation showed the importance of ventricular compliance and peripheral venous pressure (PVP) on fluid responsiveness. The authors tested the hypothesis that reduced ventricular compliance measured using transesophageal echocardiography results in decreased fluid responsiveness after a fluid bolus. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Two-center, university hospital study. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 29 patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization. INTERVENTION Albumin 5%, 7 mL/kg, was infused over 10 minutes to characterize fluid responders (>15% increase in stroke volume) from nonresponders. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Invasive hemodynamics and the ratio of mitral inflow velocity (E-wave)/annular relaxation (e'), or E/e' ratio, were measured using transesophageal echocardiography to assess left ventricular (LV) compliance at baseline and after albumin infusion. Fifteen patients were classified as responders and 14 as nonresponders. The E/e' ratio in responders was 7.4 ± 1.9 at baseline and 7.1 ± 1.8 after bolus. In contrast, E/e' was significantly higher in nonresponders at baseline (10.7 ± 4.6; p = 0.04) and further increased after bolus (12.6 ± 5.5; p = 0.002). PVP was significantly greater in the nonresponders at baseline (14 ± 4 mmHg v 11 ± 3 mmHg; p = 0.02) and increased in both groups after albumin infusion. Fluid responsiveness was tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and was 0.74 for the E/e' ratio (95% confidence interval 0.55-0.93; p = 0.029) and 0.72 for the PVP (95% confidence interval 0.52-0.92; p = 0.058). CONCLUSION Fluid responders had normal LV compliance and lower PVP at baseline. In contrast, nonresponders had reduced LV compliance, which worsened after fluid bolus. E/e,' more than PVP, may be a useful clinical index to predict fluid responsiveness.
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Jacobs R, Lochy S, Malbrain MLNG. Phenylephrine-induced recruitable preload from the venous side. J Clin Monit Comput 2018; 33:373-376. [PMID: 30478524 PMCID: PMC6499741 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-018-0225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Jacobs
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium
| | - Stijn Lochy
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium.,Cardiology Department, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), Jette, Belgium
| | - Manu L N G Malbrain
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium. .,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Egesborg AH, Sørensen H, Olesen ND, Secher NH. Phenylephrine increases near-infrared spectroscopy determined muscle oxygenation during head-up tilt in men. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2018; 78:601-605. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1528505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid H. Egesborg
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sørensen
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Niels D. Olesen
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Niels H. Secher
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Wodack KH, Graessler MF, Nishimoto SA, Behem CR, Pinnschmidt HO, Punke MA, Monge-García MI, Trepte CJC, Reuter DA. Assessment of central hemodynamic effects of phenylephrine: an animal experiment. J Clin Monit Comput 2018; 33:377-384. [DOI: 10.1007/s10877-018-0204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kato A, Tamai H, Uchida K, Ikeda T, Yamada Y. Intraoperative hemodynamics monitoring in a patient with pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis: a case report. JA Clin Rep 2018; 4:35. [PMID: 32025956 PMCID: PMC6966725 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-018-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-secreting tumor. To evaluate the intraoperative hemodynamics with precision is difficult. Case presentation A 42-year-old man, who suddenly developed a life-threatening pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis that occurred during preoperative prophylactic medication, underwent urgent bilateral adrenalectomy. For the purpose of evaluating the intraoperative hemodynamics, we monitored both pulmonary artery catheter-based cardiac output (PACO) and arterial pressure-based cardiac output (APCO; FloTrac™). APCO fluctuated in poor agreement with the change in PACO, especially in the state of cytokine storming. Conclusions Overall, the value of stroke volume variation derived from FloTrac™ changed in tandem with the intraoperative volume status, indicating its utility as a marker of circulatory hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Hisayoshi Tamai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanji Uchida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ikeda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Kalmar AF, Allaert S, Pletinckx P, Maes JW, Heerman J, Vos JJ, Struys MMRF, Scheeren TWL. Phenylephrine increases cardiac output by raising cardiac preload in patients with anesthesia induced hypotension. J Clin Monit Comput 2018; 32:969-976. [PMID: 29569112 PMCID: PMC6209056 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-018-0126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Induction of general anesthesia frequently induces arterial hypotension, which is often treated with a vasopressor, such as phenylephrine. As a pure α-agonist, phenylephrine is conventionally considered to solely induce arterial vasoconstriction and thus increase cardiac afterload but not cardiac preload. In specific circumstances, however, phenylephrine may also contribute to an increase in venous return and thus cardiac output (CO). The aim of this study is to describe the initial time course of the effects of phenylephrine on various hemodynamic variables and to evaluate the ability of advanced hemodynamic monitoring to quantify these changes through different hemodynamic variables. In 24 patients, after induction of anesthesia, during the period before surgical stimulus, phenylephrine 2 µg kg-1 was administered when the MAP dropped below 80% of the awake state baseline value for > 3 min. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), central venous pressure (CVP), stroke volume (SV), CO, pulse pressure variation (PPV), stroke volume variation (SVV) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were recorded continuously. The values at the moment before administration of phenylephrine and 5(T5) and 10(T10) min thereafter were compared. After phenylephrine, the mean(SD) MAP, SV, CO, CVP and EtCO2 increased by 34(13) mmHg, 11(9) mL, 1.02(0.74) L min-1, 3(2.6) mmHg and 4.0(1.6) mmHg at T5 respectively, while both dynamic preload variables decreased: PPV dropped from 20% at baseline to 9% at T5 and to 13% at T10 and SVV from 19 to 11 and 14%, respectively. Initially, the increase in MAP was perfectly aligned with the increase in SVR, until 150 s after the initial increase in MAP, when both curves started to dissociate. The dissociation of the evolution of MAP and SVR, together with the changes in PPV, CVP, EtCO2 and CO indicate that in patients with anesthesia-induced hypotension, phenylephrine increases the CO by virtue of an increase in cardiac preload.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Kalmar
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Maria Middelares Hospital, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - S Allaert
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Maria Middelares Hospital, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Pletinckx
- Department of Surgery, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J-W Maes
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Maria Middelares Hospital, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Heerman
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Maria Middelares Hospital, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J J Vos
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M M R F Struys
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesia, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T W L Scheeren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sørensen H, Egesborg AH, Thomsen JH, Meyer ASP, Terzic D, Hilsted L, Kjærgaard J, Goetze JP, Barbosa TC, Secher NH. In response to: phenylephrine and paradoxically increased muscle tissue oxygenation: is the mechanism related to local venoconstriction or augmented venous return? J Clin Monit Comput 2018; 32:1145-1146. [PMID: 29388093 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-018-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sørensen
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A H Egesborg
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J H Thomsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A S P Meyer
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Terzic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Kjærgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T C Barbosa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA
| | - N H Secher
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Preload dependency determines the effects of phenylephrine on cardiac output in anaesthetised patients: A prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2018; 33:638-44. [PMID: 27164015 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although phenylephrine is widely used in the operating room to control arterial pressure, its haemodynamic effects remain controversial. OBJECTIVE We hypothesised that the effect of phenylephrine on cardiac output is affected by preload dependency. DESIGN A prospective observational study. SETTING Single-centre, University Hospital of Caen, France. PATIENTS Fifty ventilated patients undergoing surgery were studied during hypotension before and after administration of phenylephrine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), corrected flow time, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure variations (PPV) and systemic vascular resistance index were used to assess effects of changes in preload dependency. RESULTS Twenty seven (54%) patients were included in the preload-dependent group (PPV ≥ 13%) and 23 (46%) in the preload-independent group (PPV < 13%) before administration of phenylephrine. For the whole cohort, phenylephrine increased mean arterial pressure [58 (±8) mmHg vs. 79 (±13) mmHg; P < 0.0001] and calculated systemic vascular resistance index [2010 (1338; 2481) dyn s cm m vs. 2989 (2155; 3870) dyn s cm m; P < 0.0001]. However, CI and SV decreased in the preload-independent group [2.3 (1.9; 3.7) l min m vs. 1.8 (1.5; 2.7) l min m; P < 0.0001 and 65 (44; 81) ml vs. 56 (39; 66) ml; P < 0.0001 for both] but not in the preload-dependent group [respectively 2.1 (1.8; 3.5) l min m vs. 2.1 (1.8; 3.3) l min m; P = 0.168 and 49 (41; 67) ml vs. 53 (41; 69) ml; P = 0.191]. Corrected flow time increased [294 (47) ms vs. 306 (56) ms; P = 0.031], and PPV decreased [17 (15; 19) % vs.12 (14; 16) %; P < 0.0003] only in the PPV at least 13% group. CONCLUSION The effects of phenylephrine on CI and SV depend on preload. CI and SV decreased in preload-independent patients through increase in afterload, but were unchanged in those preload-dependent through increased venous return.
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Vallée F, Passouant O, Le Gall A, Joachim J, Mateo J, Mebazaa A, Gayat E. Norepinephrine reduces arterial compliance less than phenylephrine when treating general anesthesia-induced arterial hypotension. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61:590-600. [PMID: 28543052 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During general anesthesia, arterial hypotension is frequent and may be an important contributor to perioperative morbidity. We assessed the effect of a 5 μg bolus of Norepinephrine (NA) when compared with 50 μg bolus of Phenylephrine (PE) administered to treat hypotension during maintenance anesthesia, on MAP, derived cardiac output and arterial stiffness parameters. METHODS Patients scheduled for a neurosurgical procedure under general anesthesia were prospectively included. Monitoring included invasive blood pressure, esophageal Doppler, and arterial tonometer used to estimate central aortic pressure with arterial stiffness parameters, such as augmentation index (Aix). After initial resuscitation, hypotensive episodes were corrected by a bolus administration of NA or PE in a peripheral venous line. RESULTS There were 269 bolus administrations of vasopressors (149 NA, 120 PE) in 47 patients with no adverse effects detected. A decrease in stroke volume (SV) was observed with PE compared with NA (-18 ± 9% vs. -14 ± 7%, P < 0.001). This decrease was associated with an increase in Aix, which was greater for PE than for NA (+10 ± 8% vs. +6 ± 6%, P < 0.0001), and a decrease in total arterial compliance greater for PE compared to NA (Ctot = SV/Central Pulse Pressure) (-35 ± 9% vs. -29 ± 10%, P < 0.001). DISCUSSION This study suggests that 5 μg of NA administered as a bolus in a peripheral venous line could treat general anesthesia-induced arterial hypotension with a smaller decrease in SV and arterial compliance when compared to PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Vallée
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation - SMUR; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
- UMR-S 942; INSERM; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- LMS; Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; Palaiseau France
- M3DISIM; Inria; Université Paris-Saclay; Palaiseau France
| | - O. Passouant
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation - SMUR; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
- UMR-S 942; INSERM; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- Réanimation Polyvalente; CHU REIMS; Hôpital Robert Debré; Reims France
| | - A. Le Gall
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation - SMUR; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
- UMR-S 942; INSERM; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- LMS; Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; Palaiseau France
- M3DISIM; Inria; Université Paris-Saclay; Palaiseau France
| | - J. Joachim
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation - SMUR; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
- UMR-S 942; INSERM; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- LMS; Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; Palaiseau France
- M3DISIM; Inria; Université Paris-Saclay; Palaiseau France
| | - J. Mateo
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation - SMUR; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
- UMR-S 942; INSERM; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
| | - A. Mebazaa
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation - SMUR; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
- UMR-S 942; INSERM; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
| | - E. Gayat
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation - SMUR; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
- UMR-S 942; INSERM; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière; Paris France
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Ripollés-Melchor J, Chappell D, Aya HD, Espinosa Á, Mhyten MG, Abad-Gurumeta A, Bergese SD, Casans-Francés R, Calvo-Vecino JM. Fluid therapy recommendations for major abdominal surgery. Via RICA recommendations revisited. Part III: Goal directed hemodynamic therapy. Rationale for maintaining vascular tone and contractility. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2017; 64:348-359. [PMID: 28343682 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ripollés-Melchor
- Departamento de Anestesia, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - D Chappell
- Departamento de Anestesia, Hospital Universitario LMU de Múnich, Múnich, Alemania
| | - H D Aya
- Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos, St George's University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Londres, Reino Unido
| | - Á Espinosa
- Departamento de Anestesia Cardiovascular y Torácica, y Cuidados Intensivos, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Riffa, Reino de Baréin
| | - M G Mhyten
- University College London Hospital, National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Londres, Reino Unido
| | - A Abad-Gurumeta
- Departamento de Anestesia, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - S D Bergese
- Departamento de Anestesia y Neurocirugía, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Estados Unidos
| | - R Casans-Francés
- Departamento de Anestesia, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - J M Calvo-Vecino
- Departamento de Anestesia, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca (CAUSA), Salamanca, España
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Degnan M, Brodt J, Rodriguez-Blanco Y. Perioperative management of patients with left ventricular assist devices undergoing noncardiac surgery. Ann Card Anaesth 2017; 19:676-686. [PMID: 27716699 PMCID: PMC5070328 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.191545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to describe our institutional experience, primarily with general anesthesiologists consulting with cardiac anesthesiologists, caring for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective review of the population of patients with LVADs at a single institution undergoing noncardiac procedures between 2009 and 2014. Demographic, perioperative, and procedural data collected included the type of procedure performed, anesthetic technique, vasopressor requirements, invasive monitors used, anesthesia provider type, blood product management, need for postoperative intubation, postoperative disposition and length of stay, and perioperative complications including mortality. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics for categorical variables are presented as frequency distributions and percentages. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and range when applicable. Results: During the study, 31 patients with LVADs underwent a total of 74 procedures. Each patient underwent an average of 2.4 procedures. Of the total number of procedures, 48 (65%) were upper or lower endoscopies. Considering all procedures, 81% were performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Perioperative care was provided by faculty outside of the division of cardiac anesthesia in 62% of procedures. Invasive blood pressure monitoring was used in 27 (36%) procedures, and a central line, peripherally inserted central catheter or midline was in place preoperatively and used intraoperatively for 38 (51%) procedures. Vasopressors were not required in the majority (65; 88%) of procedures. There was one inhospital mortality secondary to multiorgan failure; 97% of patients survived to discharge after their procedure. Conclusion: At our institution, LVAD patients undergoing noncardiac procedures most frequently require endoscopy. These procedures can frequently be done safely under MAC, with or without consultation by a cardiac anesthesiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Degnan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Brodt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Shih BF, Huang PH, Yu HP, Liu FC, Lin CC, Chung PCH, Chen CY, Chang CJ, Tsai YF. Cardiac Output Assessed by the Fourth-Generation Arterial Waveform Analysis System Is Unreliable in Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:1170-5. [PMID: 27320580 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplant recipients often have violent hemodynamic fluctuation during surgery that may be related to perioperative and postoperative morbidity. Because there are some considerations for the risk of the pulmonary arterial catheter (PAC), the conventional invasive device for cardiac output (CO) measurement, a reliable and minimally invasive alternative is required. We validated the reliability of CO measurements with the use of a minimally invasive FloTrac system with the latest fourth-generation algorithm in liver transplant recipients. METHODS Forty liver transplant recipients without atrial fibrillation, valvular pathology, or intracardiac shunt were recruited in this prospective, observational study. CO values measured by use of PAC with continuous thermodilution method (COTh) and FloTrac devices (COFT) were collected simultaneously throughout the operation for reliability validation. RESULTS Four hundred pairs of CO data points were collected in total. The linear regression analysis showed a high correlation coefficient (73%, P < .001). However, the percent error between COTh and COFT was 42.2%, which is worse than the established interchangeability criterion of 30%. The concordance rates were calculated at 89% and 59% by 4-quadrant plot and polar plot analysis, respectively. Neither met the preset validation criteria (>92% for the 4-quadrant plot and >90% for polar plot analyses). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the CO measurements in liver transplant recipients by the latest FloTrac system and the PAC do not meet the recognized interchangeability criterion. Although the result showed improvement in linear regression analysis, it failed to display a qualified trending ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-F Shih
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - P-H Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - H-P Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - F-C Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-C Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - P C-H Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-J Chang
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Biostatistical Center for Clinical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-F Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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49
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Use of the Kalman Filter for Aortic Pressure Waveform Noise Reduction. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6975085. [PMID: 28611850 PMCID: PMC5458431 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6975085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Clinical applications that require extraction and interpretation of physiological signals or waveforms are susceptible to corruption by noise or artifacts. Real-time hemodynamic monitoring systems are important for clinicians to assess the hemodynamic stability of surgical or intensive care patients by interpreting hemodynamic parameters generated by an analysis of aortic blood pressure (ABP) waveform measurements. Since hemodynamic parameter estimation algorithms often detect events and features from measured ABP waveforms to generate hemodynamic parameters, noise and artifacts integrated into ABP waveforms can severely distort the interpretation of hemodynamic parameters by hemodynamic algorithms. In this article, we propose the use of the Kalman filter and the 4-element Windkessel model with static parameters, arterial compliance C, peripheral resistance R, aortic impedance r, and the inertia of blood L, to represent aortic circulation for generating accurate estimations of ABP waveforms through noise and artifact reduction. Results show the Kalman filter could very effectively eliminate noise and generate a good estimation from the noisy ABP waveform based on the past state history. The power spectrum of the measured ABP waveform and the synthesized ABP waveform shows two similar harmonic frequencies.
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50
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Rozanski E, Lynch A. Fluid Therapy in Lung Disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 47:461-470. [PMID: 27914758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluid therapy is the cornerstone of supportive care in veterinary medicine. In dogs and cats with preexisting confirmed or suspected pulmonary disease, concerns may exist that the fluid therapy may impair gas exchange, either through increases in hydrostatic pressures or extravasation. Colloidal therapy is more likely to magnify lung injury compared with isotonic crystalloids. Radiographic evidence of fluid overload is a late-stage finding, whereas point-of-care ultrasound may provide earlier information that can also be assessed periodically at the patient side. Cases should be evaluated individually, but generally a conservative fluid therapy plan is preferred with close monitoring of its tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rozanski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Alex Lynch
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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