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Firmino T, Mendes B, Oliveira R, Vaz J, Radaelli R, Freitas S. Semitendinosus and biceps femoris long head activity during the single leg bridge test in healthy individuals. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:435-440. [PMID: 38876665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The single leg bridge test (SLBT) has been suggested as a clinical test to examine function, screen injury risk, and monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programes targeting the hamstring. This study aimed to determine the inter-day reliability and repeatability of both SLBT performance, semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris long head (BFlh) surface electromyography (sEMG) responses and characterise the BFlh and ST electrical activity during the SLBT performed until exhaustion in healthy individuals. METHODS Twelve physically active young men without previous hamstring injury were tested for the number of repetitions attained, and sEMG signal median frequency and amplitude in both ST and BFlh of each lower limb, randomly in two sessions, with a seven-day interval between sessions. RESULTS High reliability [ICC = 0.85] was found for the number of SLBT repetitions attained. Reliability of sEMG outcomes showed better results for ST (ICC = 0.62-0.91) than for BFlh (ICC = 0.39-0.81), and a high to very-high repeatability was found for both ST (ICC = 0.91-0.84) and BFlh (ICC = 0.91-0.85). sEMG median frequency decreased and amplitude increased for both BFlh (p ≤ 0.001) and ST (p ≤ 0.039) at the end of SLBT, suggesting localised fatigue. CONCLUSIONS The SLBT performed by healthy individuals until exhaustion proved to be reliable and to induce fatigue in both BFlh and ST, where the sEMG median frequency and amplitude can be measured on different days with acceptable reliability and high repeatability, suggesting its potential future use in both practical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telmo Firmino
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal; Sport Lisboa e Benfica SAD, Human Performance Department - Health Performance, Av. Eusébio da Silva Ferreira, 1500-313, Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde do Alcoitão, Rua Conde Barão, 2649-506, Alcabideche, Cascais, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Fulham Football Club, Training Ground, Motspur Park, Surrey, KT3 6PT, England, UK; Instituto Superior de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, Rua Bento de Jesus Caraça 12, 2620-379, Ramada, Odivelas, Portugal
| | - Raul Oliveira
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - João Vaz
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Sandro Freitas
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
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Almanzor E, Sugiyama T, Abdulali A, Hayashibe M, Iida F. Utilising redundancy in musculoskeletal systems for adaptive stiffness and muscle failure compensation: a model-free inverse statics approach. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2024; 19:046015. [PMID: 38806049 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Vertebrates possess a biomechanical structure with redundant muscles, enabling adaptability in uncertain and complex environments. Harnessing this inspiration, musculoskeletal systems offer advantages like variable stiffness and resilience to actuator failure and fatigue. Despite their potential, the complex structure presents modelling challenges that are difficult to explicitly formulate and control. This difficulty arises from the need for comprehensive knowledge of the musculoskeletal system, including details such as muscle arrangement, and fully accessible muscle and joint states. Whilst existing model-free methods do not need explicit formulations, they also underutilise the benefits of muscle redundancy. Consequently, they necessitate retraining in the event of muscle failure and require manual tuning of parameters to control joint stiffness limiting their applications under unknown payloads. Presented here is a model-free local inverse statics controller for musculoskeletal systems, employing a feedforward neural network trained on motor babbling data. Experiments with a musculoskeletal leg model showcase the controller's adaptability to complex structures, including mono and bi-articulate muscles. The controller can compensate for changes such as weight variations, muscle failures, and environmental interactions, retaining reasonable accuracy without the need for any additional retraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Almanzor
- Bio-Inspired Robotics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Taku Sugiyama
- Neuro-Robotics Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Arsen Abdulali
- Bio-Inspired Robotics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mitsuhiro Hayashibe
- Neuro-Robotics Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Fumiya Iida
- Bio-Inspired Robotics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Cheragh ZA, Degens H, Sakinepoor A. Effect of a slump posture on pain, proprioception, and electrical activity of the muscles in office workers with chronic non-specific neck pain. A retrospective study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 38:100-105. [PMID: 38763548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of computer typing in a slump posture on pain, proprioception and muscle recruitment has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of pain, proprioception and muscle activity resulting from computer typing in a slump posture in women who already suffer from chronic neck pain. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 20 to July 10, 2021. A total of 15 female 42-(±4.96)-year-old office workers with chronic non-specific neck pain participated in this study. Before and after 60 min of computer typing in a slump posture, proprioception and pain were measured using an inclinometer and visual analog scale (VAS), respectively. The activity of the cervical erector spine (CES) and upper trapezius (UT) muscle was also measured before and after the slump-posture computer typing, in upright, forward, and slump postures. RESU: lts: Paired-samples t-tests showed that pain was increased and proprioception in all directions (flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion, and right, and left rotation) was less accurate (P < 0.05) after 60 min computer typing. The CES and UT muscle activity were elevated more in the forward head and slump posture than in the upright posture (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sixty minutes computer typing in a slump posture increased neck pain, resulted in a decreased proprioception in the neck and was accompanied by an increased activity of the neck musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ataei Cheragh
- Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ainollah Sakinepoor
- Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Hajek M, Williams MD, Bourne MN, Roberts LA, Morris NR, Shield AJ, Headrick J, Duhig SJ. Hamstring and knee injuries are associated with isometric hip and trunk muscle strength in elite Australian Rules and Rugby League players. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:172-178. [PMID: 38218663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated relationships between isometric trunk and hip extensor strength, lumbar muscle morphology, and the risk of hamstring and knee ligament injuries in Australian Football League and National Rugby League players. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Trunk and hip extensor strength, multifidus and quadratus lumborum cross-sectional area were measured during the 2020 pre-season. Logistic regressions and decision trees were employed to explore associations between maximum strength, strength endurance, multifidus and quadratus lumborum cross-sectional area, age, previous injuries, and hamstring and knee ligament injury risk. RESULTS Greater strength endurance [odds ratio = 0.42 (0.23-0.74), p = 0.004] and maximum strength [odds ratio = 0.55 (0.31-0.94), p = 0.039] reduced hamstring injury risk. Increased risk of knee ligament injuries was associated with larger multifidus [odds ratio = 1.66 (1.14-2.45), p = 0.008] and higher multifidus to quadratus lumborum ratio (odds ratio = 1.57 (1.13-2.23), p = 0.008]. Decision tree models indicated that low strength endurance (< 99 Nm) characterised hamstring strains, while high (≥ 1.33) multifidus to quadratus lumborum ratio mitigated risk. Knee ligament injuries were associated with larger (≥ 8.49 cm2) multifidus, greater (≥ 1.25) multifidus to quadratus lumborum ratio, and lower maximum strength (< 9.24 N/kg). CONCLUSIONS Players with lower trunk and hip extensor maximum strength and strength endurance had increased risk of hamstring injuries, while knee ligament injury risk was elevated with larger multifidus cross-sectional area, higher multifidus to quadratus lumborum ratio, and lower maximum trunk and hip extensor strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hajek
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia; Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia.
| | | | - Matthew N Bourne
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia; Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Llion A Roberts
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Norman R Morris
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia; Metro North Hospital and Health Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Allied Health Research Collaborative, Australia
| | - Anthony J Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Jonathon Headrick
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Steven J Duhig
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Australia; Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
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Suskens JJM, Maas H, van Dieën JH, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Goedhart EA, Tol JL, Reurink G. The Effect of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Muscle Activity: A Multichannel Electromyography Randomized Controlled Trial. J Appl Biomech 2023; 39:377-387. [PMID: 37567580 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Nordic hamstring exercise intervention on biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscle's activity and relative contributions through multichannel electromyography. Twenty-four injury-free male basketball players (mean age 20 [3] y) were randomly assigned to a 12-week intervention (n = 13) or control group (n = 11). The primary outcome measures were normalized muscle activity (percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction, %MVIC) and relative contribution of hamstring muscles over 12 weeks. No effects were found on any of the primary outcome measures. Between-group differences over 12 weeks were 2.7%MVIC (95% confidence interval 95% CI, -0.7 to 6.1) for the biceps femoris long head, 3.4%MVIC (95% CI, -1.4 to 8.2) for the semitendinosus, and 0.8%MVIC (95% CI, -3.0 to 4.6) for the semimembranosus, P = .366. Between-group differences over 12 weeks were 1.0% relative contribution (%con; 95% CI, -3.0 to 5.1) for the biceps femoris long head, 2.2% relative contribution (95% CI, -2.8 to 7.2) for the semitendinosus, and -3.3% relative contribution (95% CI, -6.4 to -0.1) for the semimembranosus P = .258. A positive value implies a higher value for the Nordic group. A Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did not affect the level of muscle activity and relative contribution of hamstring muscles in performance of the Nordic hamstring exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef J M Suskens
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Edwin A Goedhart
- FIFA Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Football Association, Zeist,The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
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Freitas SR, Radaelli R, Oliveira R, Vaz JR. Hamstring Stiffness and Strength Responses to Repeated Sprints in Healthy Nonathletes and Soccer Players With Versus Without Previous Injury. Sports Health 2023; 15:824-834. [PMID: 37254837 PMCID: PMC10606964 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231175474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of 10 × 30 m repeated sprints on passive and active stiffness of semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris long head (BFlh), and knee flexor maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and rate of force development (RFD), and whether athletes with previous hamstring injury have a different response, is unknown. HYPOTHESIS Repeated sprints would (1) increase BFlh stiffness and decrease ST stiffness and knee flexors MVIC and RFD in healthy participants; and (2) greater magnitude of response would be seen in athletes with previous hamstring injury. STUDY DESIGN Case series (experiment I) and case control (experiment II) study designs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Healthy nonathletes attended 2 replicated sessions (experiment I, n = 18), while soccer players with (n = 38) and without (n = 67) previous hamstring injury attended 1 testing session (experiment II). RESULTS In both experiments, the knee flexors MVIC and RFD decreased after the sprints (P < 0.05). In experiment I, the ST and BFlh passive stiffness reduced after the sprints (P < 0.02), while a small BFlh active stiffness increase was noted (P = 0.02); however, no correlation was observed between the 2 testing sessions for the postsprint muscle stiffness responses (r = -0.07-0.44; P > 0.07). In experiment II, only an ST passive stiffness reduction was observed after the sprints (P < 0.01). No differences were noted between injured and noninjured lower limbs for any variable (P > 0.10). CONCLUSION Repeated sprints are likely to decrease the knee flexor's maximal and rapid strength, and to alter the hamstring stiffness in the nonathlete population. Previous hamstring injury does not apparently affect the footballer's hamstring functional and mechanical responses to repeated sprints. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The responses of hamstring stiffness and knee flexor strength to repeated sprints are unlikely to be associated with hamstring injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro R. Freitas
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raúl Oliveira
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João R. Vaz
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal
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Evangelidis PE, Shan X, Otsuka S, Yang C, Yamagishi T, Kawakami Y. Fatigue-induced changes in hamstrings' active muscle stiffness: effect of contraction type and implications for strain injuries. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:833-846. [PMID: 36494585 PMCID: PMC10030419 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hamstring strain injuries may occur due to differential fatigue and compromised mechanical properties among the hamstring muscles. We examined (1) the effect of fatigue on hamstrings active muscle stiffness, and (2) whether contraction type affects active muscle stiffness changes during a submaximal fatiguing task. METHODS Nine healthy males completed 99 submaximal knee flexions in isometric (ISO), concentric (CON), and eccentric (ECC) conditions. We measured the knee flexor maximal voluntary torque (MVT) (pre/post), shear wave velocity (SWV) during contraction and transverse relaxation times (T2) (pre/post) in biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) muscles. RESULTS MVT decreased substantially after all conditions (- 18.4 to - 33.6%). The average relative torque sustained during the task was lower in CON than ISO and ECC, but absolute torque was similar. SWV interindividual responses were highly variable across muscles and contraction types. On average, BFlh SWV tended to increase in ISO (0.4 m/s, 4.5%, p = 0.064) but decreased in ECC condition (- 0.8 m/s, - 7.7%, p < 0.01). ST SWV decreased in CON (- 1.1 m/s, - 9.0%, p < 0.01), while it remained unchanged in ISO and ECC. SM SWV decreased in CON (- 0.8 m/s, - 8.1%, p < 0.01), but it was unaffected in ISO and variable in ECC. CONCLUSION Fatigue has a differential effect on the mechanical properties of the constituent hamstring muscles, as measured with shear wave elastography, depending upon contraction type. We found preliminary evidence that BFlh is more fatigued than ST or SM during eccentric contractions, which may explain its susceptibility to strain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos E Evangelidis
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Xiyao Shan
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Otsuka
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Yang
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Kawakami
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Suskens JJM, Tol JL, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Maas H, van Dieën JH, Reurink G. Activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during high-speed running: A descriptive multichannel surface EMG study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:954-965. [PMID: 36752650 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during high-speed running. The objective was to compare within and between muscle activity, relative contribution and hip and knee joint angles at peak muscle activity during high-speed running. METHODS Through multichannel electromyography, we measured muscle activity in male basketball players during high-speed running on a treadmill at 15 locations: five for biceps femoris long head, four for semitendinosus, and six for semimembranosus. Muscle activity was calculated for each location within each hamstring muscle individually for each percent of a stride cycle. RESULTS Twenty-nine non-injured basketball players were included (mean age: 17 ± 1 years; mass, 85 ± 9 kg; height, 193 ± 9 cm). Heterogeneous activity was found for all individual hamstring muscles across multiple events of the stride cycle. In the late-swing phase, muscle activity and relative contribution of the semimembranosus was significantly higher than of the semitendinosus. There was no significant difference in hip and knee joint angles at instant of peak muscle activity, assessed locally within individual hamstring muscles, as well as in general over the whole hamstring muscle. CONCLUSION Hamstring muscles were most active in the late-swing phase during high-speed running. In this phase, the semimembranosus was most active and the semitendinosus was least active. Within the biceps femoris long head, the most proximal region was significantly more active in the late-swing phase, compared to other muscle regions. For each muscle and location, peak muscle activity occurred at similar hip and knee joint angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef J M Suskens
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Activity Distribution Among the Hamstring Muscles During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise: A Multichannel Surface Electromyography Study. J Appl Biomech 2023; 39:69-79. [PMID: 36791725 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE). The objective was to compare muscle activity between and within muscles during the NHE to add insights in its underlying protective mechanism. Through multichannel electromyography, we measured muscle activity in male basketball players during the NHE. Electromyography was assessed at 15 locations: 5 for biceps femoris long head, 4 for semitendinosus, and 6 for semimembranosus. For each percent of the eccentric phase of the NHE, muscle activity was calculated for each electrode location within each hamstring muscle individually. To quantify whole muscle head activity, means and variances across electrodes within each muscle were calculated. Thirty-five noninjured participants were included (mean age, 18 [2] y; mass, 87 [12] kg; height, 192 [9] cm). Heterogeneous muscle activity was found between 38% and 62% and over the whole eccentric contraction phase within the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus, respectively. Muscle activity of the semitendinosus was significantly higher than that of the biceps femoris long head. During the NHE, the relative contribution of the semitendinosus is the highest among hamstring muscles. Its strong contribution may compensate for the biceps femoris long head, the most commonly injured hamstring muscle head.
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Kositsky A, Barrett RS, du Moulin W, Diamond LE, Saxby DJ. Semitendinosus muscle morphology in relation to surface electrode placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed and contralateral legs. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:959966. [DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.959966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The semitendinosus tendon is commonly harvested as graft tissue for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although the semitendinosus tendon can regenerate following harvesting, ACLR results in substantial reductions in semitendinosus muscle size and length, potentially complicating electrode placement for electromyography. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the most commonly used electrode placement [recommended by the “Surface Electromyography for Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles” (SENIAM) project] is appropriate for measuring semitendinosus electromyograms after ACLR. In nine participants (unilateral ACLR with a semitendinosus graft), B-mode ultrasonography was used to bilaterally determine (i) the semitendinosus muscle-tendon junction position and the state of tendon regeneration (latter for the ACLR leg only) and (ii) the anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the semitendinosus muscle at the SENIAM-recommended electrode placement site at rest and during isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at two knee joint angles. Depending on the contraction state and joint angle, the semitendinosus muscle had retracted past the recommended placement site in 33–78% of ACLR legs, but not in any contralateral legs. The ACSA of semitendinosus was smaller both at rest and MVC in the ACLR compared to contralateral leg. The ACSA for both legs decreased at MVC compared to rest and at deep compared to shallow knee flexion angles, likely due to sliding of the muscle under the skin. These results suggest SENIAM guidelines are likely unsuitable for recording surface electromyograms from the semitendinosus muscle after tendon harvesting for ACLR as the muscle of interest may not be within the electrode detection volume.
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11
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Kellis E, Blazevich AJ. Hamstrings force-length relationships and their implications for angle-specific joint torques: a narrative review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:166. [PMID: 36064431 PMCID: PMC9446565 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Temporal biomechanical and physiological responses to physical activity vary between individual hamstrings components as well as between exercises, suggesting that hamstring muscles operate differently, and over different lengths, between tasks. Nevertheless, the force-length properties of these muscles have not been thoroughly investigated. The present review examines the factors influencing the hamstrings’ force-length properties and relates them to in vivo function. A search in four databases was performed for studies that examined relations between muscle length and force, torque, activation, or moment arm of hamstring muscles. Evidence was collated in relation to force-length relationships at a sarcomere/fiber level and then moment arm-length, activation-length, and torque-joint angle relations. Five forward simulation models were also used to predict force-length and torque-length relations of hamstring muscles. The results show that, due to architectural differences alone, semitendinosus (ST) produces less peak force and has a flatter active (contractile) fiber force-length relation than both biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semimembranosus (SM), however BFlh and SM contribute greater forces through much of the hip and knee joint ranges of motion. The hamstrings’ maximum moment arms are greater at the hip than knee, so the muscles tend to act more as force producers at the hip but generate greater joint rotation and angular velocity at the knee for a given muscle shortening length and speed. However, SM moment arm is longer than SM and BFlh, partially alleviating its reduced force capacity but also reducing its otherwise substantial excursion potential. The current evidence, bound by the limitations of electromyography techniques, suggests that joint angle-dependent activation variations have minimal impact on force-length or torque-angle relations. During daily activities such as walking or sitting down, the hamstrings appear to operate on the ascending limbs of their force-length relations while knee flexion exercises performed with hip angles 45–90° promote more optimal force generation. Exercises requiring hip flexion at 45–120° and knee extension 45–0° (e.g. sprint running) may therefore evoke greater muscle forces and, speculatively, provide a more optimum adaptive stimulus. Finally, increases in resistance to stretch during hip flexion beyond 45° result mainly from SM and BFlh muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Kellis
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, TEFAA Serres, 62100, Serres, Greece.
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Australia
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12
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Van Hooren B, Vanwanseele B, van Rossom S, Teratsias P, Willems P, Drost M, Meijer K. Muscle forces and fascicle behavior during three hamstring exercises. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:997-1012. [PMID: 35307884 PMCID: PMC9314024 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about muscular forces and fascicle behavior during hamstring exercises can optimize exercise prescription, but information on these outcomes across different exercises is lacking. We aimed to characterize and compare lower‐limb muscle forces and biceps femoris long head muscle fascicle behavior between three hamstring exercises: the Nordic hamstring curl (NHC), single‐leg Roman chair (RCH), and single‐leg deadlift (DL). Ten male participants performed the exercises while full‐body kinematics, ground reaction forces, surface muscle activation, and biceps femoris long head fascicle behavior were measured. Mean fascicle length was highest in the DL, followed by the RCH and NHC. Fascicle lengthening was higher in the NHC compared with the RCH and DL, with no difference between the RCH and DL. Biceps femoris short and long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus peak forces were generally higher in the NHC compared with the RCH and DL, while mean forces during the eccentric phase were generally not different between the NHC and RCH. Peak forces in the NHC coincided with low biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscle activation. The NHC generally has the highest peak hamstring muscle forces and results in more fascicle lengthening when compared to the DL and RCH. The NHC may therefore be most effective to promote increases in fascicle length. While the NHC may be effective to promote biceps femoris short head and semitendinosus strength adaptations, the RCH and DL may be more effective to promote strength increases in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam van Rossom
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Panayiotis Teratsias
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Willems
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Drost
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Goreau V, Pigne R, Bernier N, Nordez A, Hug F, Lacourpaille L. Hamstring muscle activation strategies during eccentric contractions are related to the distribution of muscle damage. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1335-1345. [PMID: 35611628 PMCID: PMC9541962 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Large inter‐individual variability of activation strategies is observed during hamstring strengthening exercises but their consequences remain unexplored. The objective of this study was to determine whether individual activation strategies are related to the distribution of damage across the hamstring muscle heads semimembranosus (SM), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF) after eccentric contractions. 24 participants performed 5 sets of 15 maximal eccentric contractions of knee flexors on a dynamometer, while activation of each muscle head was assessed using surface electromyography. Knee flexion maximal isometric strength was assessed before exercise and 48 h afterward. Shear modulus was measured using shear wave elastography before exercise and 30 min afterward to quantify the distribution of damage across the hamstring muscle heads. At 48 h, maximal knee flexion torque had decreased by 15.9% ± 16.9% (p < 0.001). Although no differences between activation ratios of each muscle were found during the eccentric exercise (all p > 0.364), we reported a heterogeneous distribution of damage, with a larger change in shear modulus of ST/Hams than SM/Hams (+70.8%, p < 0.001) or BF/Hams (+50.3%, p < 0.001). A large correlation was found between the distribution of activation and the distribution of damage for ST/Hams (r = 0.69; p < 001). This study provides evidence that the distribution of activation during maximal eccentric contractions has mechanical consequences for synergist muscles. Further studies are needed to understand whether individual activation strategies influence the distribution of structural adaptations after a training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Goreau
- Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Robin Pigne
- Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Nathan Bernier
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - François Hug
- Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.,LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lilian Lacourpaille
- Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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14
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Specificity of eccentric hamstring training and the lack of consistency between strength assessments using conventional test devices. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13417. [PMID: 34183742 PMCID: PMC8239011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamstring injuries are endemic, but influences of test-specific training and the application of different test methods on decision making remain elusive. Sport-students were randomised to isokinetic (IG) or Nordic hamstring (NG) exercise or a control group (CG) for six weeks. Training and testing procedures were matched to biomechanical parameters. Hamstring strength (EPT), work, muscle soreness (visual analogue scale (VAS)), biceps femoris (BFlh) muscle size and architecture were assessed. Anthropometrics and strength parameters did not differ at baseline. Yet, body mass normalised EPT, and work revealed a significant group × time × device effect, with a significant main effect for devices. Experimental conditions triggered meaningful increases in EPT compared to the control group, but the effects were higher when recorded on the training device. Despite significant group × time interactions, normalised average work on the NHD was only higher in the NG compared to CG of the left leg (+ 35%). No effects were found for BFlh parameters. Hamstrings showed a high training specificity, but adaptations likely remain undetected owing to the low sensitivity of conventional test devices. Moreover, strength increase of ~ 15% does not necessarily have to be reflected in BFlh parameters.
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15
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Evangelidis PE, Shan X, Otsuka S, Yang C, Yamagishi T, Kawakami Y. Hamstrings load bearing in different contraction types and intensities: A shear-wave and B-mode ultrasonographic study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251939. [PMID: 34010359 PMCID: PMC8133428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim was to examine the load bearing of individual hamstring muscles in different contraction types and intensities, through local stiffness measurement by shear wave elastography (SWE). A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between the SWE stiffness measure and hamstrings morphology. Ten healthy males (age 22.1±4.1 years; height 173.7±5.9 cm; body mass 68.6±12.4 kg; mean ± SD) performed knee flexions on an isokinetic dynamometer at different intensities (20–70%MVC, random order) in three separate, randomized conditions: isometric (ISO), concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC). SWE was used to measure muscle shear wave velocity (SWV) in biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) during contraction. Muscle anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) was measured with magnetic resonance imaging and muscle architecture with B-mode ultrasonography. Muscle SWV increased linearly with contraction intensity, but at a varying rate among muscles and contraction types. ST exhibited greater SWV than BFlh and SM in all contraction types, however, there was an upward shift in the SM SWV–torque relationship in ECC compared to ISO and CON. Strong negative correlations were found between peak ISO SWV and ST ACSA (r = -0.81, p = 0.005) and BFlh pennation angle (r = -0.75, p = 0.012). These results suggest that ST has a primary role in hamstrings load bearing in all contraction types, likely due to its morphology; however, there is evidence of increased contribution from SM in eccentric muscle actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos E. Evangelidis
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiyao Shan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun Otsuka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Yang
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Kawakami
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Bourne MN, Pollard C, Messer D, Timmins RG, Opar DA, Williams MD, Shield AJ. Hamstring and gluteal activation during high-speed overground running: Impact of prior strain injury. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2073-2079. [PMID: 33949909 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1917839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the spatial patterns of hamstring and gluteal muscle activation during high-speed overground running in limbs with and without aprior hamstring strain injury. Ten active males with arecent (<18 month) unilateral biceps femoris long head (BFLH) strain injury underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and immediately after arepeat-sprint running protocol. Transverse relaxation (T2) time, an index of muscle activation, of the BFLH and short head (BFSH), semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), gluteus maximus (GMAX) and medius (GMED) was assessed pre-post exercise. No significant between-limb differences in running-induced mean T2 changes were observed (p = 0.949), however, decision tree induction revealed that previously injured limbs were characterised by highly variable intramuscular activation of the ST (SD5.3). T2 times increased more for GMAX than all other muscles (all p< 0.001, d= 0.5-2.5). Further, T2 changes were greater for ST than BFSH, SM, GMED, and BFLH (all p≤ 0.001, d= 0.5-2.9); and were greater for BFLH than BFSH, SM, and GMED (all p< 0.001, d= 1.2-1.6). Athletes display heterogenous patterns of posterior thigh activation when sprinting (GMAX>ST>BFLH>GMED>SM>BFSH) and may exhibit altered intramuscular hamstring activation after returning to sport from BFLH strain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Bourne
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Pollard
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Messer
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ryan G Timmins
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A Opar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Morgan D Williams
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, UK
| | - Anthony J Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Abstract
Even for a stereotyped task, sensorimotor behavior is generally variable due to noise, redundancy, adaptability, learning or plasticity. The sources and significance of different kinds of behavioral variability have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, the idea that part of this variability depends on unique individual strategies has been explored to a lesser extent. In particular, the notion of style recurs infrequently in the literature on sensorimotor behavior. In general use, style refers to a distinctive manner or custom of behaving oneself or of doing something, especially one that is typical of a person, group of people, place, context, or period. The application of the term to the domain of perceptual and motor phenomenology opens new perspectives on the nature of behavioral variability, perspectives that are complementary to those typically considered in the studies of sensorimotor variability. In particular, the concept of style may help toward the development of personalised physiology and medicine by providing markers of individual behaviour and response to different stimuli or treatments. Here, we cover some potential applications of the concept of perceptual-motor style to different areas of neuroscience, both in the healthy and the diseased. We prefer to be as general as possible in the types of applications we consider, even at the expense of running the risk of encompassing loosely related studies, given the relative novelty of the introduction of the term perceptual-motor style in neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Paul Vidal
- CNRS, SSA, ENS Paris Saclay, Université de Paris, Centre Borelli, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Information and Control, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Francesco Lacquaniti
- Department of Systems Medicine, Center of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
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18
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Balshaw TG, Maden-Wilkinson TM, Massey GJ, Folland JP. The Human Muscle Size and Strength Relationship: Effects of Architecture, Muscle Force, and Measurement Location. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2140-2151. [PMID: 33935234 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the best muscle size index of muscle strength by establishing if incorporating muscle architecture measurements improved the human muscle size-strength relationship. The influence of calculating muscle force, and the location of anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) measurements on this relationship were also examined. METHODS Fifty-two recreationally active males completed unilateral isometric knee extension strength assessments and MRI scans of the dominant thigh and knee to determine quadriceps femoris (QF) size variables (ACSA along the length of the femur, maximum ACSA [ACSAMAX] and volume [VOL]) and patellar tendon moment arm. Ultrasound images (2 sites per constituent muscle) were analyzed to quantify muscle architecture (fascicle length, pennation angle), and when combined with VOL (from MRI), facilitated calculation of QF effective PCSA (EFFPCSA) as potentially the best muscle size determinant of strength. Muscle force was calculated by dividing maximum voluntary torque (MVT) by the moment arm and addition of antagonist torque (derived from hamstring EMG). RESULTS The associations of EFFPCSA (r=0.685), ACSAMAX (r=0.697), or VOL (r=0.773) with strength did not differ, although qualitatively VOL explained 59.8% of the variance in strength, ~11-13% greater than EFFPCSA or ACSAMAX. All muscle size variables had weaker associations with muscle force than MVT. The association of strength-ACSA at 65% of femur length (r=0.719) was greater than for ACSA measured between 10-55% and 75-90% (r=-0.042-0.633) of femur length. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, using contemporary methods to assess muscle architecture and calculate EFFPCSA did not enhance the muscle strength-size association. For understanding/monitoring muscle size, the major determinant of strength, these findings support the assessment of muscle volume, that is independent of architecture measurements, and was most highly correlated to strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Balshaw
- Versus Arthritis, Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
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19
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Boyer A, Hug F, Avrillon S, Lacourpaille L. Individual differences in the distribution of activation among the hamstring muscle heads during stiff-leg Deadlift and Nordic hamstring exercises. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1830-1837. [PMID: 33678131 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1899405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of activation among the three heads of the hamstring between a knee flexion-oriented exercise (Nordic hamstring) and a hip extension-oriented exercise (stiff-leg Deadlift) at the group and individual level. Data were collected for 20 participants. Muscle activation of the semimembranosus (SM), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF) was estimated using surface electromyography (EMG) during Nordic hamstring and stiff-leg Deadlift exercises. Although Nordic hamstring exercise induced a higher normalized RMS EMG value for BF (64.5 ± 17.4%) compared to SM (48.6 ± 14.6%; P<0.001) and ST (55.9 ± 17.4%; P < 0.001), the greatest active muscle varied between individuals. Similar interindividual differences in the greatest active muscle were found for the stiff-leg Deadlift exercise. Regarding the distribution of activation, the stiff-leg Deadlift favoured the contribution of the SM compared to ST (P < 0.001, 18/20 participants) whereas the Nordic hamstring exercise favoured the contribution of the ST compared to SM (P < 0.001, 19/20 participants). Importantly, these tasks affected the contribution of the activation of BF in different ways between individuals. The distribution of activation across the three muscles was well correlated between the two exercises (r values ≥ 0.42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Boyer
- University of Nantes, Movement, Interactions, Performance, Nantes, France
| | - François Hug
- University of Nantes, Movement, Interactions, Performance, Nantes, France.,The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.,Institut Universitaire De France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Simon Avrillon
- University of Nantes, Movement, Interactions, Performance, Nantes, France.,Legs & Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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20
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Edouard P, Hollander K, Navarro L, Lacourpaille L, Morales-Artacho AJ, Hanon C, Morin JB, Le Garrec S, Branco P, Junge A, Guilhem G. Lower limb muscle injury location shift from posterior lower leg to hamstring muscles with increasing discipline-related running velocity in international athletics championships. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:653-659. [PMID: 33632663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the rates of lower limb muscle injuries in athletics disciplines requiring different running velocities during international athletics championships. DESIGN Prospective total population study. METHODS During 13 international athletics championships (2009-2019) national medical teams and local organizing committee physicians daily reported all newly incurred injuries using the same study design, injury definition and data collection procedures. In-competition lower limb muscle injuries of athletes participating in disciplines involving running (i.e. sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events, middle distances, long distances, and marathon) were analysed. RESULTS Among the 12,233 registered athletes, 344 in-competition lower limb muscle injuries were reported (36% of all in-competition injuries). The proportion, incidence rates and injury burden of lower limb muscles injuries differed between disciplines for female and male athletes. The most frequently injured muscle group was hamstring in sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and male middle distances runners (43-75%), and posterior lower leg in female middle distances, male long distances, and female marathon runners (44-60%). Hamstring muscles injuries led to the highest burden in all disciplines, except for female middle distance and marathon and male long distance runners. Hamstring muscles injury burden was generally higher in disciplines requiring higher running velocities, and posterior lower leg muscle injuries higher in disciplines requiring lower running velocities. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows discipline-specific injury location in competition context. Our findings suggest that the running velocity could be one of the factors that play a role in the occurrence/location of muscle injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, France; Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, France; European Athletics Medical and Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Switzerland.
| | | | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, France
| | - Lilian Lacourpaille
- University of Nantes, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334, France
| | | | - Christine Hanon
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), France; French Athletics Federation (FFA), France
| | - Jean-Benoît Morin
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, France; Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | | | - Pedro Branco
- European Athletics Medical and Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Switzerland
| | - Astrid Junge
- Medical School Hamburg, Germany; Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), France
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21
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Avrillon S, Del Vecchio A, Farina D, Pons JL, Vogel C, Umehara J, Hug F. Individual differences in the neural strategies to control the lateral and medial head of the quadriceps during a mechanically constrained task. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:269-281. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00653.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed that the distribution of the strength of neural drive between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis during a single-joint isometric task varied across participants. Also, we observed that the proportion of neural drive that was shared within and between these muscles also varied across participants. These results provide evidence that the neural strategies to control the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles widely vary across individuals, even during a mechanically constrained task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Avrillon
- Legs + Walking AbilityLab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alessandro Del Vecchio
- Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Neuromechanics and Rehabilitation Technology Group, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Farina
- Neuromechanics and Rehabilitation Technology Group, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - José L. Pons
- Legs + Walking AbilityLab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Clément Vogel
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jun Umehara
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - François Hug
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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22
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Yagi M, Tateuchi H, Umehara J, Motomura Y, Hirono T, Nojiri S, Pataky TC, Ichihashi N. Muscle size-scaled shear elastic modulus: A muscle force index independent of maximal voluntary contraction, assessed during elbow extension. J Biomech 2020; 112:110049. [PMID: 33022486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shear elastic modulus (G) can differ among individuals due to muscle size and other factors, even for constant muscle force. Inter-individual comparisons of G usually require normalization by maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), but MVC procedures may not be appropriate for certain clinical populations including those presenting with pain or other compromised functionality. This study aimed to test whether muscle size-scaled G, which does not require MVC testing, would yield stronger correlation with absolute torque than unscaled G. Twelve-healthy males performed isometric elbow extension across a range of torque magnitudes (from 5 Nm until 60% MVC). G of the triceps brachii was measured using shear wave elastography during each trial. Cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle thickness (MT) of the triceps brachii were measured at rest. Scaled G was calculated as a product of G and CSA or MT ("G-CSA" and "G-MT", respectively). Within-individual linear regressions were conducted between absolute torque and the three force indicator variables. The regression slopes' coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for each indicator across individuals. Between-individual correlation coefficients were calculated, after pooling all data across individuals into a single regression analysis for each indicator. Linear regression found that inter-individual slope variation increased in the following order: G-CSA, G-MT, and unscaled G (CV = 0.15, 0.18, and 0.29, respectively). Pooled-individual correlation coefficients were significantly higher in G-CSA and G-MT than in unscaled G (r = 0.948, 0.924, and r = 0.783, respectively). These results suggest that muscle size-scaled G may be more appropriate than unscaled G when comparing shear moduli across individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Yagi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hiroshige Tateuchi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Umehara
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Motomura
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirono
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Shusuke Nojiri
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Todd C Pataky
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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23
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Hegyi A, Gonçalves BAM, Finni T, Cronin NJ. Individual Region- and Muscle-specific Hamstring Activity at Different Running Speeds. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:2274-2285. [PMID: 31634294 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hamstring strain injuries typically occur in the proximal biceps femoris long head (BFlh) at high running speeds. Strain magnitude seems to be the primary determinant of strain injury, and may be regulated by muscle activation. In running, BFlh strain is largest in the proximal region, especially at high speeds. However, region-specific activity has not been examined. This study examined the proximal-distal and intermuscular activity of BFlh and semitendinosus (ST) as a function of increasing running speed. METHODS Thirteen participants ran at steady speeds of 4.1 (slow), 5.4 (moderate), and 6.8 m·s (fast) on a treadmill. Region- and muscle-specific EMG activity were recorded at each speed using high-density EMG, and were normalized to maximal voluntary isometric activity. Muscle-tendon unit lengths were calculated from kinematic recordings. Speed effects, regional, and intermuscular differences were tested with Statistical Parametric Mapping. RESULTS With increasing running speed, EMG activity increased in all regions of both muscles to a similar extent in the clinically relevant late swing phase. Increases in muscle-tendon unit lengths in late swing as a function of running speed were comparatively small. In fast running, EMG activity was highest in late swing in all regions, and reached 115% ± 20% (proximal region, mean ± 95% confidence limit), 106% ± 11% (middle), and 124% ± 16% (distal) relative to maximal voluntary isometric activity in BFlh. Regional and intermuscular EMG patterns were highly individual, but each individual maintained similar proximal-distal and intermuscular EMG activity patterns across running speeds. CONCLUSIONS Running is associated with highly individual hamstring activity patterns, but these patterns are similar across speeds. It may thus be crucial to implement running at submaximal speeds early after hamstring injury for restoration of normal neuromuscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Hegyi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND
| | - Basílio A M Gonçalves
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND.,School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
| | - Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND
| | - Neil J Cronin
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND
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24
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Mechanisms of Hamstring Strain Injury: Interactions between Fatigue, Muscle Activation and Function. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8050065. [PMID: 32443515 PMCID: PMC7281534 DOI: 10.3390/sports8050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated injury to the long head of biceps femoris is the most common type of acute hamstring strain injury (HSI). However, the precise hamstring injury mechanism (i.e., sprint-type) is still not well understood, and research is inconclusive as to which phase in the running cycle HSI risk is the greatest. Since detailed information relating to hamstring muscle function during sprint running cannot be obtained in vivo in humans, the findings of studies investigating HSI mechanisms are based on modeling that requires assumptions to be made based on extrapolations from anatomical and biomechanical investigations. As it is extremely difficult to account for all aspects of muscle-tendon tissues that influence function during high-intensity running actions, much of this complexity is not included in these models. Furthermore, the majority of analyses do not consider the influence of prior activity or muscular fatigue on kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation during sprinting. Yet, it has been shown that fatigue can lead to alterations in neuromuscular coordination patterns that could potentially increase injury risk. The present critical review will evaluate the current evidence on hamstring injury mechanism(s) during high-intensity running and discuss the interactions between fatigue and hamstring muscle activation and function.
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25
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Avrillon S, Hug F, Guilhem G. Bilateral differences in hamstring coordination in previously injured elite athletes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:688-697. [PMID: 32027546 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00411.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) involve tissue disruption and pain, which can trigger long-term adaptations of muscle coordination. However, little is known about the effect of previous HSIs on muscle coordination and in particular, after the completion of rehabilitation and in the absence of symptoms. This study aimed to determine if elite athletes with a prior unilateral HSI have bilateral differences in coordination between the hamstring muscle heads after returning to sport. Seventeen athletes with a unilateral history of biceps femoris (BF) injury participated in the experiment. Surface electromyography was recorded from three hamstring muscles [BF, semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus] during submaximal isometric torque-matched tasks at 20% and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction. The product of normalized electromyographic amplitude with functional physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) and moment arm was considered as an index of individual muscle torque. The contribution of the injured muscle to total knee flexion torque was lower in the injured than the uninjured limb (-5.6 ± 10.2%, P = 0.038). This reduced contribution of BF was compensated by a higher contribution of the SM muscle in the injured limb (+5.6 ± 7.5%, P = 0.007). These changes resulted from a lower contribution of PCSA from the injured muscle (BF) and a larger contribution of activation from an uninjured synergist muscle (SM). In conclusion, bilateral differences in coordination were observed in previously injured athletes despite the completion of rehabilitation. Whether these bilateral differences in hamstring coordination could constitute an intrinsic risk factor that contributes to the high rate of hamstring injury recurrence remains to be investigated.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used an experimental approach, combining the assessment of muscle activation, physiological cross-sectional area, and moment arm to estimate force-sharing strategies among hamstring muscles during isometric knee flexions. We tested athletes with a history of hamstring injury. We observed a lower contribution of the injured biceps femoris to the total knee flexor torque in the injured limb than in the contralateral limb. This decreased contribution was mainly due to selective atrophy of the injured biceps femoris muscle and was compensated by an increased activation of the semimembranosus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Avrillon
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France.,Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance (EA 4334), Nantes University, Nantes, France.,Legs & Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - François Hug
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance (EA 4334), Nantes University, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
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26
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Lacome M, Avrillon S, Cholley Y, Simpson BM, Guilhem G, Buchheit M. Hamstring Eccentric Strengthening Program: Does Training Volume Matter? Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:81-90. [PMID: 31034261 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of low versus high volume of eccentric-biased hamstring training programs on knee-flexor strength and fascicle length changes in elite soccer players. METHODS A total of 19 elite youth soccer players took part in this study and were randomly assigned into 2 subgroups. For 6 weeks in-season, the groups performed either a low-volume (1 set per exercise; 10 repetitions in total) or a high-volume (4 sets; 40 repetitions) eccentric training of their knee flexors. After 6-weeks midtraining (MID), players performed the alternate training regimen. Each training set consisted of 4 repetitions of the Nordic hamstring exercise and 6 repetitions of the bilateral stiff-leg deadlift. Eccentric knee-flexor strength (NordBord) as well as biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus fascicle length (scanned with ultrasound scanner) were assessed during pretraining (PRE), MID, and posttraining (POST) tests. RESULTS Knee-flexor eccentric strength very likely increased from PRE to MID (low volume: +11.3% [7.8%] and high volume: 11.4% [5.3%]), with a possibly-to-likely increase in biceps femoris long head (+4.5% [5.0%] and 4.8% [2.5%]) and semimembranosus (+4.3% [4.7%] and 6.3% [6.3%]) fascicle length in both groups. There was no substantial changes between MID and POST. Overall, there was no clear between-group difference in the changes from PRE to MID and MID to POST for neither knee-flexor eccentric strength, biceps femoris long head, nor semimembranosus fascicle length. CONCLUSIONS Low-volume knee-flexor eccentric training is as effective as a greater training dose to substantially improve knee-flexor strength and fascicle length in-season in young elite soccer players. Low volume is, however, likely more appropriate to be used in an elite team facing congested schedules.
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27
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CROUZIER MARION, TUCKER KYLIE, LACOURPAILLE LILIAN, DOGUET VALENTIN, FAYET GUILLEMETTE, DAUTY MARC, HUG FRANÇOIS. Force-sharing within the Triceps Surae: An Achilles Heel in Achilles Tendinopathy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 52:1076-1087. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Avrillon S, Lacourpaille L, Hug F, Le Sant G, Frey A, Nordez A, Guilhem G. Hamstring muscle elasticity differs in specialized high‐performance athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:83-91. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Avrillon
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370) French Institute of Sport (INSEP) Paris France
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
| | - Lilian Lacourpaille
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
| | - François Hug
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris France
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Guillaume Le Sant
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
- School of Physiotherapy, IFM3R Nantes France
| | - Alain Frey
- Medical Department French Institute of Sport (INSEP) Paris France
- Service de Médecine du sport CHI Poissy/St Germain Saint Germain en Laye France
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Health and Rehabilitation Research InstituteAuckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370) French Institute of Sport (INSEP) Paris France
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29
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Do individual differences in the distribution of activation between synergist muscles reflect individual strategies? Exp Brain Res 2018; 237:625-635. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Hug F. [Human movement: from motor units to muscle force]. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34 Hors série n°2:6-8. [PMID: 30418135 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201834s202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
L’apparente facilité avec laquelle nous réalisons un vaste répertoire de mouvements cache en réalité une grande complexité des processus impliqués. On dispose de nombreux degrés de liberté (unités motrices, muscles), et donc de nombreuses solutions pour réaliser la plupart de nos mouvements. Comprendre pourquoi une solution est sélectionnée parmi d’autres est une étape incontournable si l’on veut optimiser le mouvement, que ce soit chez des sujets pathologiques ou des sportifs. Cet article de synthèse vise à présenter trois approches complémentaires visant une meilleure compréhension des processus impliqués dans la production du mouvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Hug
- Université de Nantes, France - Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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