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Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ. Blood Rheology and Hemodynamics. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:902-915. [PMID: 38122808 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis (STH) celebrates 50 years of publishing in 2024. To celebrate this landmark event, STH is republishing some archival material. This article represents the most highly cited paper ever published in STH. The original abstract follows.Blood is a two-phase suspension of formed elements (i.e., red blood cells [RBCs], white blood cells [WBCs], platelets) suspended in an aqueous solution of organic molecules, proteins, and salts called plasma. The apparent viscosity of blood depends on the existing shear forces (i.e., blood behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid) and is determined by hematocrit, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation, and the mechanical properties of RBCs. RBCs are highly deformable, and this physical property significantly contributes to aiding blood flow both under bulk flow conditions and in the microcirculation. The tendency of RBCs to undergo reversible aggregation is an important determinant of apparent viscosity because the size of RBC aggregates is inversely proportional to the magnitude of shear forces; the aggregates are dispersed with increasing shear forces, then reform under low-flow or static conditions. RBC aggregation also affects the in vivo fluidity of blood, especially in the low-shear regions of the circulatory system. Blood rheology has been reported to be altered in various physiopathological processes: (1) Alterations of hematocrit significantly contribute to hemorheological variations in diseases and in certain extreme physiological conditions; (2) RBC deformability is sensitive to local and general homeostasis, with RBC deformability affected by alterations of the properties and associations of membrane skeletal proteins, the ratio of RBC membrane surface area to cell volume, cell morphology, and cytoplasmic viscosity. Such alterations may result from genetic disorders or may be induced by such factors as abnormal local tissue metabolism, oxidant stress, and activated leukocytes; and (3) RBC aggregation is mainly determined by plasma protein composition and surface properties of RBCs, with increased plasma concentrations of acute phase reactants in inflammatory disorders a common cause of increased RBC aggregation. In addition, RBC aggregation tendency can be modified by alterations of RBC surface properties because of RBC in vivo aging, oxygen-free radicals, or proteolytic enzymes. Impairment of blood fluidity may significantly affect tissue perfusion and result in functional deteriorations, especially if disease processes also disturb vascular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz K Baskurt
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Herbert J Meiselman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Gattner H, Adamiak J, Piotrowska A, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Mętel S, Kępińska-Szyszkowska M, Pilch W. Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Hemorheological Blood Indices in Young, Healthy Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3232. [PMID: 36833926 PMCID: PMC9961488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the effect of single and 12-week WBVT and training without vibration on changes in hemorheological blood indices and plasma fibrinogen levels in young, healthy women. Three groups are distinguished: the experimental group-participating in WBVT (n = 17); the comparison group-implementing the same physical exercise protocol without the vibration factor (n = 12); and the control group-no intervention (n = 17). In the experimental and comparison group, blood is collected before and after the first and last training, while in the control group, blood is collected twice, 3 months apart. After a series of WBVT, a significant decrease in the mean erythrocyte volume and mean hemoglobin mass in erythrocytes, as well as a slight increase in the mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration, is found, and the effect of the last training is a significant decrease in plasma volume. Under the influence of repeated WBVT, there is an increase in erythrocyte deformability at low shear stress and an increase in the aggregation amplitude. The study shows that WBVT improves blood flow in the vessels and does not affect erythrocyte aggregation and the level of fibrinogen, which confirms the safety of this form of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Gattner
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawła II Avenue 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Adamiak
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawła II Avenue 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawła II Avenue 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawła II Avenue 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mętel
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawła II Avenue 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kępińska-Szyszkowska
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawła II Avenue 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wanda Pilch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawła II Avenue 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
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Namba H, Hamada H, Kimura T, Sekikawa K, Kamikawa N, Ishio-Ueoka H, Kajiwara T, Sato YM, Aizawa F, Yoshida T. Effects of L-arginine on impaired blood fluidity after high-intensity exercise: An in vitro evaluation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:1-12. [PMID: 35599472 PMCID: PMC9741740 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced impairment of blood fluidity is considered to be associated with thrombosis development. However, the effects of L-arginine on blood fluidity after exercise remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the mechanisms of impaired blood fluidity after high-intensity exercise, and examined whether L-arginine improves exercise-induced blood fluidity impairment in vitro. METHODS Ten healthy male participants performed 15 minutes of ergometer exercise at 70% of their peak oxygen uptake levels. Blood samples were obtained before and after exercise. L-arginine and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA)-a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor-were added to the post-exercise blood samples. Using Kikuchi's microchannel method, we measured the blood passage time, percentage of obstructed microchannels, and the number of adherent white blood cells (WBCs) on the microchannel terrace. RESULTS Exercise increased the hematocrit levels. The blood passage times, percentage of obstructed microchannels, and the number of adherent WBCs on the microchannel terrace increased after exercise; however, they decreased in a dose-dependent manner after the addition of L-arginine. L-NMMA inhibited the L-arginine-induced decrease in blood passage time. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity exercise impairs blood fluidity by inducing hemoconcentration along with increasing platelet aggregation and WBC adhesion. The L-arginine-NO pathway improves blood fluidity impairment after high-intensity exercise in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruchi Namba
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Corresponding author: Hironobu Hamada, Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Tatsushi Kimura
- Faculty of Early Childhood Education and Care, Ohkagakuen University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Sekikawa
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norimichi Kamikawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Ishio-Ueoka
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Teruki Kajiwara
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu M. Sato
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumiya Aizawa
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yoshida
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Metabolic, Cardiac, and Hemorheological Responses to Submaximal Exercise under Light and Moderate Hypobaric Hypoxia in Healthy Men. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010144. [PMID: 35053141 PMCID: PMC8772706 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The lower atmospheric partial pressure of oxygen under hypobaric hypoxia decreases oxygen saturation and arteriovenous oxygen difference. Exercise under hypoxia decreases arterial oxygen saturation, which reduces the ability to deliver oxygen to active muscles and consequently worsens aerobic capacity and exercise performance. Previous studies on metabolic and cardiac responses to submaximal exercise under hypoxia have been well documented, but information on hemorheological responses is relatively insufficient. In this regard, a review of hemorheological responses to exercise under hypoxia could provide further information on reduced aerobic capacity and exercise performance caused by acute hypoxia. We conducted a randomized crossover trial to compare the effects of acute exercise under light and moderate hypobaric hypoxia versus normoxia on metabolic parameters, cardiac function, and hemorheological properties in healthy men. The main findings of our study revealed that endurance submaximal exercise under light (596 mmHg, simulated 2000 m) and moderate (526 mmHg, simulated 3000 m) hypoxia induced greater metabolic and cardiac responses than exercise under normoxia. However, exercise under hypobaric hypoxia did not affect hemorheological properties, including erythrocyte deformability and aggregation. These results can be used as basic data for understanding hemorheological responses in light and moderate hypobaric hypoxia. Abstract We compared the effects of metabolic, cardiac, and hemorheological responses to submaximal exercise under light hypoxia (LH) and moderate hypoxia (MH) versus normoxia (N). Ten healthy men (aged 21.3 ± 1.0 years) completed 30 min submaximal exercise corresponding to 60% maximal oxygen uptake at normoxia on a cycle ergometer under normoxia (760 mmHg), light hypoxia (596 mmHg, simulated 2000 m altitude), and moderate hypoxia (526 mmHg, simulated 3000 m altitude) after a 30 min exposure in the respective environments on different days, in a random order. Metabolic parameters (oxygen saturation (SPO2), minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide excretion, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate), cardiac function (heart rate (HR), stroke volume, cardiac output, and ejection fraction), and hemorheological properties (erythrocyte deformability and aggregation) were measured at rest and 5, 10, 15, and 30 min after exercise. SPO2 significantly reduced as hypoxia became more severe (MH > LH > N), and blood lactate was significantly higher in the MH than in the LH and N groups. HR significantly increased in the MH and LH groups compared to the N group. There was no significant difference in hemorheological properties, including erythrocyte deformability and aggregation. Thus, submaximal exercise under light/moderate hypoxia induced greater metabolic and cardiac responses but did not affect hemorheological properties.
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Dergaa I, Ben Saad H, Romdhani M, Souissi A, Fessi MS, Yousfi N, Masmoudi T, Souissi N, Ammar A, Hammouda O. Biological Responses to Short-Term Maximal Exercise in Male Police Officers. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211040920. [PMID: 34414822 PMCID: PMC8381431 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The specifics of short-term physical exercise are similar to the immediate reaction demands placed on police officers. Identifying the physiological predisposition to short-term high-intensity exercise in male law enforcement officers will assist in understanding their metabolism and make a significant contribution to a much more personal and individualized workout program. This will improve physical fitness of individual officers, improving their preparedness for such times of emergency. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the responses of hematological (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leucocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes), hormonal (testosterone, cortisol, melatonin), biochemical (glucose, uric-acid, lactate, creatine-phosphokinase) data to short-term maximal exercise in male police officers (n = 20). Blood samples were collected before- and after- the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), and biological values were corrected for fluid shifts. Data were mean ± standard deviation of differences (= after minus before RAST). After the RAST, values of cortisol, lactate, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes increased significantly by 7.01 ± 37.36 mmol/l, 7.55 ± 1.67 mmol/l, 0.17 ± 0.26 103/µl, 0.61 ± 0.28 103/µl, and 0.10 ± 0.13 103/µl, respectively. After the RAST, values of melatonin, uric-acid, creatine-phosphokinase, hemoglobin, and hematocrit decreased significantly by -13.24 ± 4.60 pg/ml, -13.28 ± 14.35 µmol/l, -10.23 ± 10.13 IU/l, -2.01 ± 0.81 g/dl, and -4.46 ± 0.59%, respectively. Biological data of male police officers were affected by sprint test. Understanding changes in biological data following short-term maximal exercise can further assist in a better understanding of anaerobic metabolism, which will be helpful to find available methods for coaches to quantify training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Dergaa
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Farhat HACHED Hospital, Research
Laboratory “Heart Failure, LR12SP09”, University of Sousse, Sousse,
Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse,
Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Université de
Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
- Department of Physiology and
Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse,
Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
- National Center of Medicine and
Science in Sport (CNMSS), Research Laboratory “Sport Performance
Optimization”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- National Center of Medicine and
Science in Sport (CNMSS), Research Laboratory “Sport Performance
Optimization”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tasnim Masmoudi
- Farhat HACHED Hospital, Forensic
Medical Service, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax,
Research Laboratory “Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13”,
University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax,
Research Laboratory “Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13”,
University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Qian W, Klein-Adams JC, Ndirangu DS, Chen Y, Falvo MJ, Condon MR. Hemorheological responses to an acute bout of maximal exercise in Veterans with Gulf War Illness. Life Sci 2021; 280:119714. [PMID: 34146554 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered red blood cell (RBC) deformability has been reported in Veterans with Gulf War Illness (GWI) who endorse exercise-induced symptom exacerbation and fatigue. However, it is unknown whether altered RBC deformability is worsened secondary to exercise. OBJECTIVE To evaluate RBC deformability in response to maximal exercise in individuals with and without GWI. METHODS Seventeen Veterans with GWI and 11 controls performed maximal exercise and provided blood samples (pre-, immediately post- and 60-min post-exercise). We calculated RBC deformation at infinite stress (EIMAX), shear stress for half-deformation (SS1/2) and their ratio (SS1/2/EIMAX) via repeated measures ANOVA with group and time as factors. RESULTS A moderate interaction effect (p = 0.08, η2p = 0.10), large main effect for group (p = 0.02, η2p = 0.19) and moderate main effect for time (p = 0.20, η2p = 0.06) were observed for EIMAX, but only the main effect for group reached statistical significance. Changes in SS1/2 and SS1/2/EIMAX over time were similar between cases and controls as were main effects. CONCLUSIONS Veterans with GWI had more deformable RBCs in comparison to controls that was unaffected by maximal exercise. Future studies to confirm our findings and identify associated mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Airborne Hazards and Burn Pits Center of Excellence, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jacquelyn C Klein-Adams
- Airborne Hazards and Burn Pits Center of Excellence, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Duncan S Ndirangu
- Airborne Hazards and Burn Pits Center of Excellence, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Airborne Hazards and Burn Pits Center of Excellence, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michael J Falvo
- Airborne Hazards and Burn Pits Center of Excellence, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Michael R Condon
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA; Surgical Services, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA
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Kocahan S, Dundar A, Onderci M, Yilmaz Y. Investigation of the effect of training on serotonin, melatonin and hematologic parameters in adolescent basketball players. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 42:383-388. [PMID: 34090322 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise can improve both health and mood. Some beneficial effects of exercise are attributed to endocrine status. This study aims to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of basketball training on melatonin, serotonin, and hematologic parameters in basketball players. METHODS The experimental group was selected form 34 healthy young boys, aged between 13 and 16 years old. The participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n=17) and the exercise group (n=17). The exercise program consisted of 2 h/day aerobic activity of basketball training in 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Venous blood was taken on the day before experiment (pre-exercise) and on the day following the last exercise (post-exercise) and hormone levels were detected by ELISA. RESULTS Serotonin and melatonin levels significantly increased in the post-exercise group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Exercise caused increase in WBC, RBC, HCT and Hb levels (p<0.05) while did not alter PLT, MCH, and PCT levels (p>0.05). This study indicates that an eight weeks-long regular aerobic exercise increased melatonin and serotonin levels, and also altered some hematological parameters. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, it is believed that improvement in levels of serotonin, melatonin, and hematological parameters after eight weeks of regular basketball training in basketball players could be attributed to beneficial effects of exercise. Investigation in other branches of sports and in different gender and age groups would make contribution into exercise physiology and training science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayad Kocahan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, Turkey.,International Scientific Center, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Aykut Dundar
- High School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Onderci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Yucehan Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Ünver Ş, Atan T. Does circadian rhythm have an impact on anaerobic performance, recovery and muscle damage? Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:950-958. [PMID: 33715550 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1899197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of circadian rhythms (CR) on anaerobic performance and subsequent recovery, muscle damage, and respiratory muscle strength. Twenty diurnally active male football players (age, 22.20 ± 3.14 y) were asked to perform the Wingate anaerobic power test three times for 30 s each at 09:00, 14:00 and 19:00 h, with a minimum recovery period of 1 week between each testing day. Pretest oral temperature, respiratory muscle strength, oxygen saturation, and rating of perceived exertion were recorded at three different time of the day. To examine post-exercise recovery, heart rate (HR) and lactic acid (LA) levels were recorded before and after the tests. Blood samples were collected 20 min after each test to assess muscle damage. The body temperature taken at 19:00 h was the highest of the three (p < .01). After the tests, the LA value at 19:00 h was higher than that at 09:00 h (p < .05). According to CR, the HR values measured after anaerobic exercise were higher at 14:00 h (p < .05). The peak power value was higher at 14:00 h than at 19:00 h (p < .058). CR does not affect muscle damage and respiratory muscle strength. Further, at 14:00 h, anaerobic power was higher and recovery occurred faster compared to the other test times of 09:00 and 19:00 h. Therefore, it is recommended that anaerobic training should be performed early in the afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şaban Ünver
- Faculty of Sports Science, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tülin Atan
- Faculty of Sports Science, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey
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Khalafi M, Alamdari KA, Symonds ME, Nobari H, Carlos-Vivas J. Impact of acute exercise on immediate and following early post-exercise FGF-21 concentration in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:23-33. [PMID: 33151509 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) changes during and immediately after acute exercise and, based on body weight, to identify the subgroups exhibiting the largest response. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched up to December 2019 for studies published in English peer-reviewed journals. Studies that evaluated the effects of acute exercise on FGF-21 concentrations immediately after and 1 and 3 h post-exercise in adults were included. Random effects models were used for analyses, with data reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval, and the risk of heterogeneity was evaluated. Subgroup analysis of subjects with normal weight and obesity/overweight was performed. RESULTS A total of seven studies involving 125 participants (age 35.95 (21-64) years and BMI 25.89 (21.30-35.46) kg/m2) were included. Overall, acute exercise increased FGF-21 (d = 0.18; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.35, p = 0.02) and this remained for 1 h post-exercise FGF-21 (d = 0.59; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.86, p = 0.001). Three hours after exercise, FGF-21 was restored to near baseline values (d = - 0.05; 95% CI - 0.34 to 0.22, p = 0.68). Acute exercise raised FGF-21 concentrations in normal weight participants (d = 0.57, p = 0.001) and tended to increase in overweight and obese participants (d = 0.79, p = 0.05) 1 h post-exercise. CONCLUSION Acute exercise increases circulating FGF-21, irrespective of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran.
| | - Karim Azali Alamdari
- Department of Sport Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 5375171379, Iran.
| | - Michael E Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education Research Group (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
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Acute Cycling Exercise Induces Changes in Red Blood Cell Deformability and Membrane Lipid Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020896. [PMID: 33477427 PMCID: PMC7831009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe the effects of a controlled, 30 min, high-intensity cycling test on blood rheology and the metabolic profiles of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma from well-trained males. RBCs demonstrated decreased deformability and trended toward increased generation of microparticles after the test. Meanwhile, metabolomics and lipidomics highlighted oxidative stress and activation of membrane lipid remodeling mechanisms in order to cope with altered properties of circulation resulting from physical exertion during the cycling test. Of note, intermediates from coenzyme A (CoA) synthesis for conjugation to fatty acyl chains, in parallel with reversible conversion of carnitine and acylcarnitines, emerged as metabolites that significantly correlate with RBC deformability and the generation of microparticles during exercise. Taken together, we propose that RBC membrane remodeling and repair plays an active role in the physiologic response to exercise by altering RBC properties.
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Graja A, Ghattassi K, Boudhina N, Bouzid MA, Chahed H, Ferchichi S, Driss T, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on cognitive, physical and biochemical responses to strenuous short-term exercises in elite young female handball players. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113241. [PMID: 33157076 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RF) on cognitive and physical performance and biochemical responses to specific exercises in elite young female handball players. Twelve athletes participated in three experimental sessions: one week before Ramadan (BR), during the first week of Ramadan (FWR) and during the last week of Ramadan (LWR). The present crossover study was carried out in Tunisia during the 2013 Ramadan month lasting from 9 July to 7 august. During each session, a battery of tests was performed as follow: Hooper index, vigilance test (VT), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), five jump test (5-JT), modified agility T-test (MAT), maximal standing ball-throw velocity test (MSBVT) and Running-based Anaerobic Sprint (RAST) Test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded immediately after the RAST. Blood samples were collected before and after exercises during each session. The results showed that ESS scores were higher during LWR than BR (p < 0.05). Moreover, MSBVT time decreased (p < 0.05) during LWR, therefore performance enhanced. The power of three final sprints from the RAST decreased significantly only during LWR compared to BR (p < 0.05). RAST fatigue index and RPE scores were higher during LWR more than BR (p < 0.05). The results showed also that hematological measures (i.e., red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit), plasma osmolarity and energetic markers were unaffected by RF. Biomarkers of muscle damage were higher after the RAST only during LWR compared to BR (p < 0.01 for all). In conclusion, RF increased ESS and decreased RAST performances associated with higher muscle damage and fatigue, especially at LWR. These previous alterations could be attributed to disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms rather than nutritional deficiency or dehydratation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Graja
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; High institute of sport and physical education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia.
| | - Kais Ghattassi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nahla Boudhina
- High institute of sport and physical education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Henda Chahed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
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12
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Härtel JA, Müller N, Herberg U, Breuer J, Bizjak DA, Bloch W, Grau M. Altered Hemorheology in Fontan Patients in Normoxia and After Acute Hypoxic Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1443. [PMID: 31824342 PMCID: PMC6883377 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Fontan circulation is a unique palliation procedure for several congenital heart defects. Impaired exercise capacity has previously been demonstrated in these patients and also a higher risk for cardiopulmonary mortality. Hemorheology was shown to affect cardiopulmonary capacity and in turn to be affected by regular exercise and hypoxia but none of these have been investigated in Fontan patients so far. The aim of this study was to detect general differences in hemorheology in normoxia as well as possible altered hemorheological responses to hypoxia exposure and hypoxic exercise between Fontan patients and healthy controls. Methods and Findings 26 Fontan patients and 20 healthy controls performed an acute exercise test (AET) on a bicycle ergometer under hypoxia with ambient 15.2% oxygen saturation (sO2). Blood samples were taken at rest in normoxia (T0), at rest in hypoxia (T1), after maximum exhaustion in hypoxia (T2), and after 50 min recovery in normoxia (T3). Hemorheological and blood parameters were investigated. Additionally, arterial stiffness was tested at T0. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability, NOx, erythropoietin (EPO) concentration, RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hematocrit (hct) were significantly increased in Fontan patients compared to controls. Same was observed for arterial stiffness. No changes were observed for RBC aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, free radical levels and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hypoxia exposure did not change parameters, whereas exercise in hypoxia increased aggregation and hct significantly in both groups. Fontan patients showed significantly increased aggregation-disaggregation balance compared to controls. Conclusion Acute hypoxia exposure and exercise under hypoxia might have similar impact on hemorheology in Fontan patients and controls and was clinically well tolerated. Nevertheless, exercise alters aggregation and possibly hemodynamics which requires special attention in Fontan patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Alexander Härtel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Müller
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herberg
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Breuer
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Alexander Bizjak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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13
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Cheikh M, Makhlouf K, Ghattassi K, Graja A, Ferchichi S, Kallel C, Houda M, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Melatonin ingestion after exhaustive late-evening exercise attenuate muscle damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation during intense short term effort in the following day in teenage athletes. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:236-247. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1692348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Cheikh
- High institute of sport and physical education Ksar-Said, Manouba university, Manouba, Tunisia
- High institute of sport and physical education, Sfax university, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Makhlouf
- High institute of sport and physical education, Sfax university, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kais Ghattassi
- High institute of sport and physical education, Sfax university, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Graja
- High institute of sport and physical education, Sfax university, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Choumous Kallel
- Hematology Laboratory, Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mallek Houda
- Hematology Laboratory, Hospital Slim Hadhri, Kerkennah, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High institute of sport and physical education Ksar-Said, Manouba university, Manouba, Tunisia
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity and Health (LINP2-AAPS), UPL, University Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
- Research Unit, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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14
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Abstract
This study objective was to evaluate gender differences in hematological, hormonal and fitness variables among youth swimmers and to explore relationships between erythrocyte indices and aerobic and anaerobic capacity. 137 girls and 171 boys participated in the study and were divided into three groups based on their training experience. Blood samples were obtained to determine red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and plasma erythropoietin and testosterone levels. VO2max was assessed using a submaximal cycle protocol. 76 girls and 102 boys also undertook a Wingate test to determine their peak anaerobic power. Boys had higher (p < 0.05) means than girls for all hematological variables except for erythropoietin and these variables demonstrated an increase with training in boys. The average VO2max in l∙min-1 and peak anaerobic power in watts were also higher in boys (2.91 ± 0.08 and 547 ± 28, respectively) than girls (2.25 ± 0.07 and 450 ± 26, respectively). Modest but significant (p < 0.05) correlations were found between VO2max and red blood cell counts (r = 0.252), hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.345), or hematocrit (r = 0.345) and between peak anaerobic power and red blood cell counts (r = 0.304), hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.319) or hematocrit (r = 0.351). This study revealed relatively lower yet age- and gender-appropriate hematological, hormonal and fitness indices in youth swimmers. The gender-related differences in erythrocyte indices seem unrelated to erythropoietin and may be explained by the higher testosterone levels seen in boys. Given their correlation to both aerobic and anaerobic capacity, erythrocyte indices may be used as part of talent identification for sports.
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15
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Nader E, Skinner S, Romana M, Fort R, Lemonne N, Guillot N, Gauthier A, Antoine-Jonville S, Renoux C, Hardy-Dessources MD, Stauffer E, Joly P, Bertrand Y, Connes P. Blood Rheology: Key Parameters, Impact on Blood Flow, Role in Sickle Cell Disease and Effects of Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1329. [PMID: 31749708 PMCID: PMC6842957 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood viscosity is an important determinant of local flow characteristics, which exhibits shear thinning behavior: it decreases exponentially with increasing shear rates. Both hematocrit and plasma viscosity influence blood viscosity. The shear thinning property of blood is mainly attributed to red blood cell (RBC) rheological properties. RBC aggregation occurs at low shear rates, and increases blood viscosity and depends on both cellular (RBC aggregability) and plasma factors. Blood flow in the microcirculation is highly dependent on the ability of RBC to deform, but RBC deformability also affects blood flow in the macrocirculation since a loss of deformability causes a rise in blood viscosity. Indeed, any changes in one or several of these parameters may affect blood viscosity differently. Poiseuille's Law predicts that any increase in blood viscosity should cause a rise in vascular resistance. However, blood viscosity, through its effects on wall shear stress, is a key modulator of nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelial NO-synthase. Indeed, any increase in blood viscosity should promote vasodilation. This is the case in healthy individuals when vascular function is intact and able to adapt to blood rheological strains. However, in sickle cell disease (SCD) vascular function is impaired. In this context, any increase in blood viscosity can promote vaso-occlusive like events. We previously showed that sickle cell patients with high blood viscosity usually have more frequent vaso-occlusive crises than those with low blood viscosity. However, while the deformability of RBC decreases during acute vaso-occlusive events in SCD, patients with the highest RBC deformability at steady-state have a higher risk of developing frequent painful vaso-occlusive crises. This paradox seems to be due to the fact that in SCD RBC with the highest deformability are also the most adherent, which would trigger vaso-occlusion. While acute, intense exercise may increase blood viscosity in healthy individuals, recent works conducted in sickle cell patients have shown that light cycling exercise did not cause dramatic changes in blood rheology. Moreover, regular physical exercise has been shown to decrease blood viscosity in sickle cell mice, which could be beneficial for adequate blood flow and tissue perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Nader
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Skinner
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marc Romana
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France.,Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, The Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, F- 97157, Pointe-a-Pitre, France
| | - Romain Fort
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Département de Médecine, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Lemonne
- Unité Transversale de la Drépanocytose, Hôpital de Pointe-a-Pitre, Hôpital Ricou, Pointe-a-Pitre, France
| | - Nicolas Guillot
- Laboratoire Carmen INSERM 1060, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Gauthier
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moleìculaire, UF de Biochimie des Pathologies Eìrythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France.,Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, The Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, F- 97157, Pointe-a-Pitre, France
| | - Emeric Stauffer
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Centre de Médecine du Sommeil et des Maladies Respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moleìculaire, UF de Biochimie des Pathologies Eìrythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Bertrand
- d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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16
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Filar-Mierzwa K, Marchewka A, Dąbrowski Z, Bac A, Marchewka J. Effects of dance movement therapy on the rheological properties of blood in elderly women. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 72:211-219. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-180470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Marchewka
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Dąbrowski
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Bac
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jakub Marchewka
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
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17
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Kentiba E, Berhe A, Hilawe E, Mondal S, Mathivanan D, George M. Time of day effects of aerobic exercises on athletes’ cardiorespiratory and hematological quantities: systematic review and meta-analysis. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1629089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Kentiba
- Department of Sports Science, Arba Minch College of Teachers’ Education, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Sport Sciences, Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - D. Mathivanan
- Department of Sport Sciences, Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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18
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Filipovic A, Bizjak D, Tomschi F, Bloch W, Grau M. Influence of Whole-Body Electrostimulation on the Deformability of Density-Separated Red Blood Cells in Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2019; 10:548. [PMID: 31156450 PMCID: PMC6530393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) dependent NO production positively affects RBC deformability which is known to improve oxygen supply to the working tissue. Whole-body electrostimulation (WB-EMS) has been shown to improve maximum strength, sprinting and jumping performance, and to increase deformability in elite soccer players during the season. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether WB-EMS affects RBC turnover which might affect overall deformability of circulating RBC by rejuvenation of the RBC population and if this might be related to improved endurance capacity. Thirty male field soccer players were assigned in either a WB-EMS group (EG, n = 10), a training group (TG, n = 10), or a control group (CG, n = 10). EG performed 3 × 10 squat jumps superimposed with WB-EMS twice per week in concurrent to 2-4 soccer training sessions and one match per week. TG only performed 3 × 10 squat jumps without EMS in addition to their soccer routine and the CG only performed the usual soccer training and match per week. Subjects were tested before (Baseline) and in week 7 (wk-7), with blood sampling before (Pre), 15-30 min after (Post), and 24 h after (24 h post) the training. Endurance capacity was determined before and directly after the training period. The key findings of the investigation indicate an increase in young RBC in the EG group along with improved overall RBC deformability, represented by decreased SS1/2:EImax Ratio. Analysis of the different RBC subfractions revealed improved RBC deformability of old RBC during study period. This improvement was not only observed in the EG but also in TG and CG. Changes in RBC deformability were not associated to altered RBC-NOS/NO signaling pathway. Endurance capacity remained unchanged during study period. In summary, the effect of WB-EMS on RBC physiology seems to be rather low and results are only in part comparable to previous findings. According to the lower training volume of the present study it can be speculated that the soccer specific training load in addition to the WB-EMS was too low to induce changes in RBC physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Filipovic
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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19
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Ahmadizad S, Daraei A, Bassami M, Rahmani H. Acute L-Arginine supplementation does not affect red blood cell aggregation and deformability during high intensity interval exercise in healthy men. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 71:215-223. [PMID: 30584131 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Arginine, the precursor of NO might be involved in improving the cardiovascular disorders via regulation of functional properties of erythrocytes. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of L-Arginine supplementation on responses of red blood cell (RBC) properties to high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). METHODS Ten overweight healthy men participated voluntarily in the study and performed two HIIE trials with and without L-Arginine in two separate weeks. The HIIE protocol included 12 intervals of 3-min encompassed 1-min running at 100% of vVO2max and 2-min active recovery at 40% of vVO2max. Three blood samples were taken before and after supplementation, and immediately after exercise; and were used to measure red blood cell properties. RESULTS The HIIE protocol increased hematocrit, hemoglobin and lactate significantly (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on RBC aggregation, RBC deformability, and fibrinogen concentration. When data were compared for two trials no significant differences between the responses of RBC properties to two HIIE protocols were detected (P > 0.05), whereas the increases in lactate concentration following HIIE was significantly lower in L-Arginine than placebo trial (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that L-Arginine consumption prior to HIIE does not lead to any improvement in RBC properties during HIIE in overweight healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmadizad
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Bassami
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiwa Rahmani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Kilic-Toprak E, Unver F, Kilic-Erkek O, Korkmaz H, Ozdemir Y, Oymak B, Oskay A, Bor-Kucukatay M. Increased erythrocyte aggregation following an acute bout of eccentric isokinetic exercise does not exceed two days. Biorheology 2018; 55:15-24. [DOI: 10.3233/bir-180175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kilic-Toprak
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, , , Turkey
| | | | - Ozgen Kilic-Erkek
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, , , Turkey
| | | | - Yasin Ozdemir
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, , , Turkey
| | - Burak Oymak
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, , , Turkey
| | | | - Melek Bor-Kucukatay
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, , , Turkey
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21
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Unver F, Kilic-Toprak E, Kilic-Erkek O, Korkmaz H, Yasin O, Oymak B, Oskay A, Bor-Kucukatay M. Hemorheological alterations following an acute bout of nordic hamstring exercise in active male participants1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 71:463-473. [PMID: 30320558 DOI: 10.3233/ch-180402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) has been proven to be an effective preventive technique for hamstring injuries. Hemorheological parameters (erythrocyte deformability and aggregation) play a critical role in exercise influencing oxygenation. Although previous studies presented hemorheological alterations induced by different types of exercise, changes in red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation following NHE remain unknown. Present study was designed to explore possible alterations in hemorheological and oxidative parameters after an acute bout of NHE. METHODS 10 healthy, male, active students (mean age 19.9±0.23, BMI: 21.56±0.54) participated to the study. They performed a single session of seven-repetitions of NHE followed by a familiarisation period. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the exercise from the antecubital vein. Hemorheological parameters were measured by an ektacytometer. RESULTS NHE did not change deformability, hematocrit and oxidative stress but, increased RBC aggregation index (AI, p = 0.011) and decreased RBC aggregation half time (t½, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, increased RBC aggregation following an acute bout of NHE may result in increased plasma skimming and thus ease the flow of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Unver
- Pamukkale University, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Highschool, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Emine Kilic-Toprak
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozgen Kilic-Erkek
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Halil Korkmaz
- Gedik University, Sport Sciences Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozdemir Yasin
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Burak Oymak
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Alten Oskay
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Melek Bor-Kucukatay
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
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22
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Koliamitra C, Holtkamp B, Zimmer P, Bloch W, Grau M. Impact of training volume and intensity on RBC-NOS/NO pathway and endurance capacity. Biorheology 2018; 54:37-50. [PMID: 28697553 DOI: 10.3233/bir-16121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exercise increases red blood cell-nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) activation and RBC deformability but the effect of regular training remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To detect the chronic effect of enduring moderate and high intensity training on the RBC-NOS/NO pathway and to detect a relation between RBC deformability and endurance capacity. METHODS 38 healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to one of three training groups: High Volume Training (HVT; 120-140 beats per minute (bpm)), High Intensity Training (HIT; 160-180 bpm) and Moderate Intensity Training (MIT; 140-160 bpm). Blood parameters, maximum oxygen capacity (VO2 max), RBC deformability, RBC nitrite level and RBC-NOS activation were measured after venous blood sampling at rest pre (T0) and after six weeks of training (T1). RESULTS RBC-NOS activation, RBC nitrite concentration and RBC deformability were significantly increased at T1 in the HIT group. Parameters were unaltered in MIT and HVT. Maximum oxygen uptake was only significantly increased in the HIT group and regression analysis revealed positive regression between VO2 max and RBC deformability. CONCLUSIONS High intensity training was the only training programme that sustainably affected RBC-NOS dependent NO production and performance capacity. HIT therefore represents a time efficient training program resulting in improved RBC function potentially improving physical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Koliamitra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Sport Medicine and Cardiovascular Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastian Holtkamp
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Sport Medicine and Cardiovascular Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Sport Medicine and Cardiovascular Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany.,Department of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Sport Medicine and Cardiovascular Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany.,German Sport University Cologne, The German Research Center of Elite Sport (momentum), Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Sport Medicine and Cardiovascular Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany.,German Sport University Cologne, The German Research Center of Elite Sport (momentum), Germany
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Bizjak DA, Jacko D, Zimmer P, Gehlert S, Bloch W, Grau M. Acute alterations in the hematological and hemorheological profile induced by resistance training and possible implication for microvascular functionality. Microvasc Res 2018; 118:137-143. [PMID: 29559378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the exercise variables and training design, resistance exercise can be applied to gain muscle mass, prevent diseases like osteoporosis and sarcopenia or generally increase strength capacity. But the influence on blood flow parameters and possible consequences in health and disease are less understood. To examine the possible impact of resistance exercise of different duration on hemorheology, oxidative stress and microvascular function, participants (n = 6) performed lower-limb resistance exercise of the quadriceps femoris. Loading consisted of 1 (S1), 5 (S5) and 10 (S10) sets, on separated days, at the individual 10 repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken before (Pre) and after (Post0) each set as well after a 25-min recovery period (Post25). Hemograms were measured to analyze hematocrit, white blood cell (WBC) count and red blood cell (RBC) count. RBC deformability and aggregation were measured by ektacytometry and syllectometry to determine hemorheological responses. Plasma and RBC nitrate were measured by chemiluminescence detection to determine nitric oxide production. Formation of N-tyrosine and plasma malondialdehyde to determine oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were measured by immunostaining and ELISA, respectively. Hematocrit, RBC, WBC count and aggregation increased Post0 in each protocol with subsequently decreased values Post25 below Pre values. High effect size was observed regarding deformability during the different sets. RBC nitrite analysis revealed effect size alterations between the trainings, whereas plasma nitrite was not affected. Effects size was evident in lipid peroxidation, whereas N-tyrosine concentration was not altered. Lower-limb resistance exercise induced acute changes in hematological and hemorheological parameters, whereby intermittent hemodilution and plasma shifts seemed the major contributor. The acute adaptations of RBC function seen during short duration resistance exercise might contribute to beneficial effects on microvascular circulation with a low oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bizjak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Daniel Jacko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Olympic Training Centre Rhineland, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Koury JC, de Oliveira-Junior AV, Portugal MRC, de Oliveira KDJF, Donangelo CM. Bioimpedance parameters in adolescent athletes in relation to bone maturity and biochemical zinc indices. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 46:26-31. [PMID: 29413107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phase angle (PA) is derived from resistance and reactance determined by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and it appears to relate to cellular stability and integrity. Interpretation of PA values could be complemented by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), which relates to body hydration and structure. Body composition, age, sex, and nutrients are known to stabilize cell membranes, such as zinc, have been related to PA although information is scarce in adolescent athletes. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of body composition, skeletal maturity and zinc biochemical indices with phase angle and bioelectrical impedance parameters, in forty male adolescent soccer athletes (13.4±0.6years). BIA was performed with a single-frequency tetrapolar analyzer. PA and BIVA were determined using resistance and reactance BIA data. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone age by hand X-ray measurements. PA was higher in adolescents classified by bone age as "Early" (6.8±0.9°) compared to "Late" (5.7±0.5°) (p<0.05). PA correlated with bone age (r=0.562), BMI (r=0.382), fat-free mass (r=0.468), and erythrocyte zinc (r=0.379) (p<0.05). BIVA confidence ellipses were sensitive to skeletal maturity status. Phase angle was higher in adolescents with erythrocyte zinc concentration above the median (>0.66μmol.g hemoglobin-1) compared to those below the median. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that bone age (B=0.254, p=0.001) and erythrocyte zinc concentration (B=1.168, p=0.047) were significantly related to PA in this group, and accounted for 34% of its variability. Our results indicate that bone age and zinc erythrocyte contribute to PA values in the young male soccer athletes and that BIVA is influenced by skeletal maturity status in this group.
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Hammouda O, Romdhani M, Chaabouni Y, Mahdouani K, Driss T, Souissi N. Diurnal napping after partial sleep deprivation affected hematological and biochemical responses during repeated sprint. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1429553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hammouda
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
- Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- National Observatory of Sport, ONS, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Chaabouni
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Ibn Jazzar, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVEP) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kacem Mahdouani
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Ibn Jazzar, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVEP) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport, ONS, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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26
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Hebisz P, Hebisz R, Bakońska-Pacoń E, Zatoń M. Acute hematological response to a single dose of sprint interval training in competitive cyclists. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Ptaszek B, Teległów A, Marchewka J. Impact of systemic cryotherapy on the rheological properties of the blood in women with rheumatoid arthritis. REHABILITACJA MEDYCZNA 2017. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of systemic cryotherapy on the rheological properties of the blood in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Study group: The study group consisted of 10 women with rheumatoid arthritis, aged 57.2 ± 9.4, who underwent systemic cryotherapy treatments (3 min treatment time, -120 °C chamber temperature, 10 treatment sessions - 5 times a week). Their average body height was 165.5 ± 4.6 cm, weight 68.5 ± 4.9 kg and BMI 24.8 ± 2.2 kg/m2. In order to analyze morphological and rheological parameters of the blood, venous blood samples were drawn from the participants of the study twice. The first study was held on the day of beginning treatments and the second test was conducted after a series of 10 treatments. Methodology: The morphological blood test - measurements were taken using the ABX MICROS 60 (USA) hematology analyser. Erythrocyte deformability and aggregation were tested using the LORCA analyser (Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyser RR Mechatronics, The Netherlands). The results were obtained as the index of elongation and aggregation according to the Hardeman method (2001). Results: Analysing the average values of morphological and rheological parameters of the blood in women with rheumatoid arthritis in the study group, the mean values of RBC, Hct and AI following the series of 10 treatments were significantly higher after cryotherapy in comparison to the measurements taken before treatments. Analysing the mean concentrations of T½, there was statistically significant reduction after the series of 10 treatments. Conclusions: Regular usage of cryotherapy treatments may affect the levels of morphological and rheological parameters of the blood in women with rheumatoid arthritis - RBC, Hct and AI (increase) and T½ (reduction) in the blood. null
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Ptaszek
- Studia doktoranckie, Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu, AWF w Krakowie / Doctoral studies (PhD) at the Department of Physical Education, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Teległów
- Katedra Rehabilitacji Klinicznej, AWF w Krakowie / Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Marchewka
- Zakład Medycyny Fizykalnej i Odnowy Biologicznej, Katedra Fizjoterapii, AWF w Krakowie / Department of Biomedical Medicine and Biomedical Renewal, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
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Moon HW, Shin SH, Lee CH, Park HY, Sunoo S, Nam SS. Effects of various acute hypoxic conditions on the hemorheological response during exercise and recovery1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 63:451-460. [PMID: 27447423 DOI: 10.3233/ch-16163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Even though exercise hemorheology at hypoxic condition has been considered as a good tool to understand clinical hemorheology, there have been limited studies reported. Previous researches showed that hemorheological variables are closely correlated with oxygen delivery capacity during exercise. The present study investigated hypoxic responses including RBC deformability and aggregation, metabolic parameters and complete blood cell counts at various hypoxic conditions during cycling exercise and recovery. Eleven Korean healthy male subjects performed submaximal bike exercise at sea level (20.9% O2) and under various hypoxic conditions (16.5% O2, 14.5% O2, 12.8% O2, and 11.2% O2) in a random order. The submaximal bike exercise intensity of the subjects was 70% maximum heart rate at sea level. All variables were measured at rest, during exercise and recovery 30-minute, respectively. As oxygen partial pressure decreased, arterial blood oxygen saturation decreased but oxygen uptake did not change much. Heart rate and lactate concentration during exercise increased when oxygen partial pressure is less than or equal to 14.5% O2 condition. Red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin counts, and hematocrit level were not apparently altered with hypoxic conditions. RBC deformability showed significant alterations at 11.2% O2 conditions compared with other hypoxic conditions during exercise or recovery, except at 10 minutes recovery. However, decreases in oxygen partial pressure did not affect red blood cell aggregation. Therefore, we conclude that alterations in RBC deformability may reduce aerobic capabilities at hypoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang-Woon Moon
- Department of Sports and Outdoors, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se-Hyun Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kyunghee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Kunkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sub Sunoo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kyunghee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang-Seok Nam
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kyunghee University, Yongin, Korea
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29
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Ammar A, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Effect of Time-of-Day on Biochemical Markers in Response to Physical Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:272-282. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Ahmadizad S, Bassami M, Hadian M, Eslami M. Influences of two high intensity interval exercise protocols on the main determinants of blood fluidity in overweight men. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 64:827-835. [PMID: 27802216 DOI: 10.3233/ch-168009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute effects of continuous exercise on the markers of blood fluidity have been addressed in different populations and the changes are intensity related. However, the effect of different high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on these variables is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study is designed to determine the effects of two different HIIE with different work/rest ratios but the same energy expenditure on the main determinants of blood fluidity. METHODS Ten overweight men (age, 26.3±1.7 yrs) completed two HIIE protocols on two separate occasions with one week intervening. The two HIIE encompassed performing: 1) 6 intervals of 2 min activity at 85% of VO2max interspersed by 2 min active recovery at 30% of VO2max (ratio 1 to 1, HIIE1/1), and 2) 6 intervals of 30 s activity at 110% of VO2max interspersed by 4 min active recovery at 40% of VO2max (ratio 1 to 8, HIIE1/8). Each exercise trial was followed by 30 min rest. Venous blood samples were obtained before exercise, immediately after exercise and after recovery and analyzed for blood and plasma viscosity, fibrinogen and red blood cell indices. RESULTS The HIIE1/1 protocol led to higher reduction (P < 0.01) in plasma volume changes compared to HIIE1/8 (9.9% vs 5.7%). Moreover, increases in blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, RBC count and mean arterial blood pressure observed following HIIE1/1 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than HIIE1/8 ; whereas, the changes in fibrinogen concentration neither were significant in response to both trials nor were significantly different between two protocols (P > 0.05). However, the changes in all variables during exercise were transient and returned to the baseline levels after 30 min recovery. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the HIIE protocol with lower intensity and shorter rest intervals (higher work to rest ratio) clearly results in more physiological strain than HIIE with higher intensity but longer rest intervals (lower work to rest ratio) in overweight individuals, and that the work to rest ratio could be as important as exercise intensity when considering the hemorheological variables during HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmadizad
- Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Bassami
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hadian
- Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eslami
- Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Toth A, Sandor B, Marton Z, Kesmarky G, Szabados E, Kehl D, Juricskay I, Czopf L, Toth K. Comparison of hemorheological changes in patients after acute coronary events, intervention and ambulatory rehabilitation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 64:565-574. [PMID: 27791999 DOI: 10.3233/ch-168038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, our group have investigated the hemorheological parameters (HPs) of more than 1,000 patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Our data indicate that HPs are altered in patients with IHD and the extent of the alterations is in good correlation with the clinical severity of the disease. Our findings have also proven that HPs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia.The lack of regular exercise is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Regular physical activity - as part of the cardiovascular rehabilitation training program (CRP) - is recommended for the treatment of IHD and the prevention of first or further cardiovascular events. To estimate the beneficial hemorheological effects of CRP, compared to patients after a coronary event or intervention and not participating in CRP, the data of four of our prospective studies (three non-CRP and one CRP-participating) were evaluated.Hematocrit (Hct), plasma and whole blood viscosity (WBV), Hct/WBV ratio significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the non-CRP groups during the 6-12 months follow-up, while in the CRP group they significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Red blood cell aggregation decreased in a much greater manner in the CRP group.Our results indicate that CRP has beneficial hemorheological effects and is able to reverse the deterioration of HPs after coronary events or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Toth
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Barbara Sandor
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Marton
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Kesmarky
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabados
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Daniel Kehl
- Institute of Economics and Econometrics, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Juricskay
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Czopf
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Toth
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Wiecek M, Maciejczyk M, Szymura J, Kantorowicz M, Szygula Z. Impact of single anaerobic exercise on delayed activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase in men and women. Redox Rep 2016; 22:367-376. [PMID: 27715604 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1238991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the blood of men and women during the first hour following a single anaerobic exercise (AN-EX), and after 24 hours of recovery, and to determine whether the changes in XO activity in the blood after AN-EX are dependent on anaerobic performance. METHODS Ten men and ten women performed a single AN-EX. Blood was collected before and five times after completion of the AN-EX. The activity of XO was determined. RESULTS In both groups, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in blood XO activity was found only 24 hours after the AN-EX. The increased activity of XO in men was significantly lower than in women (P < 0.05). Negative correlations were found between the increase in XO activity in the blood plasma 24 hours after the AN-EX and anaerobic power, the total work performed during the AN-EX and the power decrease. DISCUSSION In the first hour after the single AN-EX, XO activity in the blood of women and men did not change, but after 24 hours of recovery, it was significantly higher compared to baseline levels in both sexes. Single AN-EX causes a smaller increase in XO activity in people with higher anaerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- a Department of Physiology and Biochemistry , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- a Department of Physiology and Biochemistry , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- b Department of Clinical Rehabilitation , Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- c Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- d Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
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Filipovic A, Kleinöder H, Plück D, Hollmann W, Bloch W, Grau M. Influence of Whole-Body Electrostimulation on Human Red Blood Cell Deformability. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:2570-8. [PMID: 26308832 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell-nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS)-dependent NO production is essential for the maintenance of RBC deformability, which is known to improve oxygen supply to the working tissue. Electrostimulation of the whole body (WB-EMS) has been shown to improve maximal strength, springiness, and jumping power of trained and untrained athletes. To examine whether these 2 parameters are associated, this study, for the first time, aimed to investigate the effects of an 18-week dynamic WB-EMS program on RBC deformability in addition to maximal strength performance (1 repetition maximum [1RM]) in elite soccer players. Fifteen test persons were assigned in either WB-EMS group (EG, n = 10) or training group (TG, n = 5). Next to their weekly training sessions, EG performed 3 × 10 squat jumps under the influence of WB-EMS twice per week between weeks 1 and 14 and once per week between weeks 14 and 18. Training group only performed 3 × 10 squat jumps. Performance was assessed by a maximal strength test on the leg press machine (1RM). Subjects were tested at baseline and after weeks 7, 14, and 18 with blood sampling before (Pre), 15-30 minutes after (Post), and 24 hours after (24-hour Post) the training. The results showed that maximal strength was significantly improved in EG (p < 0.01). Maximum RBC deformability (EImax) increased on EMS stimulus in EG while it remained unaffected in the TG. Acute increase in EImax at baseline was explained by an increase in RBC-NOS activation while chronic increase of deformability must be caused by different, yet unknown, mechanisms. EImax decreased between weeks 14 and 18 suggesting that 1 WB-EMS session per week is not sufficient to alter deformability (EImax). In contrast, the deformability at low shear stress (EI 3 Pa), comparable with conditions found in the microcirculation, significantly increased in EG until week 14, whereas in TG deformability only, increased until week 7 due to increasing training volume after the winter break. The results indicate that WB-EMS represents a useful and time-saving addition to conventional training sessions to improve RBC deformability and possibly oxygen supply to the working tissue and thus promoting general force components in high performance sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Filipovic
- 1Institute of Sport Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and 2Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Buono MJ, Krippes T, Kolkhorst FW, Williams AT, Cabrales P. Increases in core temperature counterbalance effects of haemoconcentration on blood viscosity during prolonged exercise in the heat. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:332-42. [PMID: 26682653 PMCID: PMC4738148 DOI: 10.1113/ep085504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise-induced haemoconcentration and hyperthermia on blood viscosity. What is the main finding and its importance? Exercise-induced haemoconcentration, increased plasma viscosity and increased blood aggregation, all of which increased blood viscosity, were counterbalanced by increased red blood cell (RBC) deformability (e.g. RBC membrane shear elastic modulus and elongation index) caused by the hyperthermia. Thus, blood viscosity remained unchanged following prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in the heat. Previous studies have reported that blood viscosity is significantly increased following exercise. However, these studies measured both pre- and postexercise blood viscosity at 37 °C even though core and blood temperatures would be expected to have increased during the exercise. Consequently, the effect of exercise-induced hyperthermia on mitigating change in blood viscosity may have been missed. The purpose of this study was to isolate the effects of exercise-induced haemoconcentration and hyperthermia and to determine their combined effects on blood viscosity. Nine subjects performed 2 h of moderate-intensity exercise in the heat (37 °C, 40% relative humidity), which resulted in significant increases from pre-exercise values for rectal temperature (from 37.11 ± 0.35 to 38.76 ± 0.13 °C), haemoconcentration (haematocrit increased from 43.6 ± 3.6 to 45.6 ± 3.5%) and dehydration (change in body weight = -3.6 ± 0.7%). Exercise-induced haemoconcentration significantly (P < 0.05) increased blood viscosity by 9% (from 3.97 to 4.33 cP at 300 s(-1)), whereas exercise-induced hyperthermia significantly decreased blood viscosity by 7% (from 3.97 to 3.69 cP at 300 s(-1)). When both factors were considered together, there was no overall change in blood viscosity (from 3.97 to 4.03 cP at 300 s(-1)). The effects of exercise-induced haemoconcentration, increased plasma viscosity and increased red blood cell aggregation, all of which increased blood viscosity, were counterbalanced by increased red blood cell deformability (e.g. red blood cell membrane shear elastic modulus and elongation index) caused by the hyperthermia. Thus, blood viscosity remained unchanged following prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Buono
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Taylor Krippes
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Fred W. Kolkhorst
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Alexander T. Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093
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Kuss N, Bauknecht E, Felbinger C, Gehm J, Gehm L, Pöschl J, Ruef P. Determination of whole blood and plasma viscosity in term neonates by flow curve analysis with the LS300 viscometer1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2015; 63:3-14. [PMID: 26444620 DOI: 10.3233/ch-152008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Determination of shear stresses at given shear rates allow approximation of flow curves by mathematical models and to calculate viscosities of non-Newtonian fluids. In term neonates, the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) is markedly below that of adults, therefore rheological properties of blood play an important role in maintaining perfusion. Whole blood viscosity was measured in umbilical cord blood taken from 62 term neonates using the LS 300 viscometer. Individual parameters that influence the viscosity of whole blood were measured: red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, and RBC deformability. The flow curve of whole blood of neonates was approximated by the method of Ostwald with the highest quality whereas in adults the best approximation was found by the method of Casson. With hematocrits of 0.40, the viscosity of whole blood in newborns approximated by Ostwald (9.84 ± 5.12 mPa·s) was significantly lower than that of adults (15.34 ± 3.01 mPa·s). The aggregation index of the blood of newborns was markedly lower (2.98 ± 2.12) than in adults (14.63 ± 3.50) whereas RBC deformability was higher in neonates. The viscosity of plasma determined by Ostwald revealed a lower exponent (n) in neonates (0.94 ± 022) compared to adults (1.01 ± 0.12) and the viscosity determined by Newton was lower in neonates (1.04 ± 0.16 mPa·s) than in adults (1.19 ± 0.07 mPa·s). The flow curve of neonatal blood which is best approximated by the model of Ostwald emphasizes its important viscous properties necessary for conditions with physiologically low blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kuss
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Bauknecht
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Felbinger
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Gehm
- Technical Expert's Bureau for Rheology, Am Seeberg 14a, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany
| | - L Gehm
- Technical Expert's Bureau for Rheology, Am Seeberg 14a, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany
| | - J Pöschl
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Ruef
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic of Pediatrics, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany
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Kilic-Toprak E, Yapici A, Kilic-Erkek O, Koklu Y, Tekin V, Alemdaroglu U, Bor-Kucukatay M. Acute effects of Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-YoIR1) on hemorheological parameters in female volleyball players. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2015; 60:191-9. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kilic-Toprak
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yapici
- Pamukkale University, School of Sport Science and Technology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozgen Kilic-Erkek
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Koklu
- Pamukkale University, School of Sport Science and Technology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Volkan Tekin
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Utku Alemdaroglu
- Pamukkale University, School of Sport Science and Technology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Melek Bor-Kucukatay
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
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Yang WH, Heine O, Pauly S, Kim P, Bloch W, Mester J, Grau M. Rapid rather than gradual weight reduction impairs hemorheological parameters of Taekwondo athletes through reduction in RBC-NOS activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123767. [PMID: 25875585 PMCID: PMC4396988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rapid weight reduction is part of the pre-competition routine and has been shown to negatively affect psychological and physiological performance of Taekwondo (TKD) athletes. This is caused by a reduction of the body water and an electrolyte imbalance. So far, it is unknown whether weight reduction also affects hemorheological properties and hemorheology-influencing nitric oxide (NO) signaling, important for oxygen supply to the muscles and organs. Methods For this purpose, ten male TKD athletes reduced their body weight by 5% within four days (rapid weight reduction, RWR). After a recovery phase, athletes reduced body weight by 5% within four weeks (gradual weight reduction, GWR). Each intervention was preceded by two baseline measurements and followed by a simulated competition. Basal blood parameters (red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean cellular hemoglobin and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration), RBC-NO synthase activation, RBC nitrite as marker for NO synthesis, RBC deformability and aggregation parameters were determined on a total of eight investigation days. Results Basal blood parameters were not affected by the two interventions. In contrast to GWR, RWR decreased activation of RBC-NO synthase, RBC nitrite, respective NO concentration and RBC deformability. Additionally, RWR increased RBC aggregation and disaggregation threshold. Conclusion The results point out that a rapid weight reduction negatively affects hemorheological parameters and NO signaling in RBC which might limit performance capacity. Thus, GWR should be preferred to achieve the desired weight prior to a competition to avoid these negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hwi Yang
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Olympic Training Centre Rhineland, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Heine
- Olympic Training Centre Rhineland, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pauly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pilsang Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre for Elite Sports, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Mester
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre for Elite Sports, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre for Elite Sports, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chen YW, Apostolakis S, Lip GYH. Exercise-induced changes in inflammatory processes: Implications for thrombogenesis in cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2014; 46:439-55. [PMID: 25012964 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.927713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor and a strong predictor for chronic disease and premature death. Low-grade inflammation has been proved a key player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory processes have been also involved in maintaining the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. In addition, an inverse linear dose-response relation between physical activity and mortality risks has also been reported. However, the favorable effects of structured exercise programs and the independent contribution of physical activity to cardiovascular risk are still under investigation. In response to heavy exercise, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted by contracting skeletal muscles, followed by an acute reactant release of C-reactive protein (CRP). Both CRP and IL-6 can stimulate monocyte tissue factor production, provoke platelet hyperreactivity, promote fibrinogen biosynthesis, and enhance microparticle formation and erythrocyte aggregability, thus triggering prothrombotic state. By contrast, regular exercise and physical activity are protective against all-cause mortality through suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production, enhancing anti-inflammatory mediators and antioxidant development, and promoting fibrinolytic activity. Low-load resistance exercise also plays an advantageous role in thrombogenesis by reducing inflammatory processes and potentiating fibrinolytic features. In the present review article, we provide an overview of the impact of different modes and intensities of physical activity on vascular inflammation and thrombogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chen
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Science, City Hospital , Birmingham , United Kingdom
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Sandor B, Nagy A, Toth A, Rabai M, Mezey B, Csatho A, Czuriga I, Toth K, Szabados E. Effects of moderate aerobic exercise training on hemorheological and laboratory parameters in ischemic heart disease patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110751. [PMID: 25347067 PMCID: PMC4210208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND DESIGN In this study we set out to determine the effects of long-term physical training on hemorheological, laboratory parameters, exercise tolerability, psychological factors in cardiac patients participating in an ambulatory rehabilitation program. METHODS Before physical training, patients were examined by echocardiography, tested on treadmill by the Bruce protocol, and blood was drawn for laboratory tests. The enrolled 79 ischemic heart disease patients joined a 24-week cardiac rehabilitation training program. Blood was drawn to measure hematocrit (Hct), plasma and whole blood viscosity (PV, WBV), red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and deformability. Hemorheological, clinical chemistry and psychological measurements were repeated 12 and 24 weeks later, and a treadmill test was performed at the end of the program. RESULTS After 12 weeks Hct, PV, WBV and RBC aggregation were significantly decreased, RBC deformability exhibited a significant increase (p<0.05). Laboratory parameters (triglyceride, uric acid, hsCRP and fibrinogen) were significantly decreased (p<0.05). After 24 weeks the significant results were still observed. By the end of the study, IL-6 and TNF-α levels displayed decreasing trends (p<0.06). There was a significant improvement in MET (p<0.001), and the BMI decrease was also significant (p<0.05). The vital exhaustion parameters measured on the fatigue impact scale indicated a significant improvement in two areas of the daily activities (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Regular physical training improved the exercise tolerability of patients with ischemic heart disease. Previous publications have demonstrated that decreases in Hct and PV may reduce cardiovascular risk, while a decrease in RBC aggregation and an increase in deformability improve the capillary flow. Positive changes in laboratory parameters and body weight may indicate better oxidative and inflammatory circumstances and an improved metabolic state. The psychological findings point to an improvement in the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sandor
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Nagy
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Toth
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Miklos Rabai
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela Mezey
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Arpad Csatho
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Czuriga
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Toth
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabados
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
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Ammar A, Chtourou H, Trabelsi K, Padulo J, Turki M, El Abed K, Hoekelmann A, Hakim A. Temporal specificity of training: intra-day effects on biochemical responses and Olympic-Weightlifting performances. J Sports Sci 2014; 33:358-68. [PMID: 25117722 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.944559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an Olympic-Weightlifting session training at three times of the day on the performance related to biochemical responses. Nine weightlifters (21 ± 0.5 years) performed, in randomised order, on three Olympic-Weightlifting training (snatch, clean and jerk) sessions (08:00 a.m., 02:00 p. m., 06:00 p. m.). Blood samples were collected: before, 3 min and 48 h after each training session. Haematological parameters and markers of muscle injury were assessed. Resting oral temperature and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also assessed during each session. ANOVA showed that the performance was better (P < 0.001) at 02:00 p. m. with a less RPE (P < 0.01) compared to the morning and the evening sessions while there was higher (P < 0.05) oral temperature at 06:00 p. m. versus 08:00 a.m. and 02:00 p. m. Muscle damage changed immediately (without significant effect after 48 h) after the training sessions with lower values in the evening compared to the morning. In conclusion, the afternoon training is more effective than morning or evening sessions for weightlifters. Therefore, coaches and weightlifters should be advised to schedule their training session in the afternoon hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- a Research Unit (EM2S) , High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University , Tunisia
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Simmonds MJ, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK. Blood rheology and aging. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2014; 10:291-301. [PMID: 24133519 PMCID: PMC3796705 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5411.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The flow properties of blood play significant roles in tissue perfusion by contributing to hydrodynamic resistance in blood vessels. These properties are influenced by pathophysiological processes, thereby increasing the clinical relevance of blood rheology information. There is well-established clinical evidence for impaired blood fluidity in humans of advanced age, including enhanced plasma and whole blood viscosity, impaired red blood cell (RBC) deformability and enhanced RBC aggregation. Increased plasma fibrinogen concentration is a common finding in many studies owing to the pro-inflammatory condition of aged individuals; this finding of increased fibrinogen concentration explains the higher plasma viscosity and RBC aggregation in elderly subjects. Enhanced oxidant stress in advanced age is also known to contribute to altered blood fluidity, with RBC deformability being an important determinant of blood viscosity. Several studies have shown that physical activity may improve the hemorheological picture in elderly subjects, yet well-designed observational and mechanistic studies are required to determine the specific effects of regular exercise on hemorheological parameters in healthy and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Simmonds
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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42
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Guo Q, Duffy SP, Matthews K, Santoso AT, Scott MD, Ma H. Microfluidic analysis of red blood cell deformability. J Biomech 2014; 47:1767-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Barvitenko NN, Aslam M, Filosa J, Matteucci E, Nikinmaa M, Pantaleo A, Saldanha C, Baskurt OK. Tissue oxygen demand in regulation of the behavior of the cells in the vasculature. Microcirculation 2014; 20:484-501. [PMID: 23441854 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The control of arteriolar diameters in microvasculature has been in the focus of studies on mechanisms matching oxygen demand and supply at the tissue level. Functionally, important vascular elements include EC, VSMC, and RBC. Integration of these different cell types into functional units aimed at matching tissue oxygen supply with tissue oxygen demand is only achieved when all these cells can respond to the signals of tissue oxygen demand. Many vasoactive agents that serve as signals of tissue oxygen demand have their receptors on all these types of cells (VSMC, EC, and RBC) implying that there can be a coordinated regulation of their behavior by the tissue oxygen demand. Such functions of RBC as oxygen carrying by Hb, rheology, and release of vasoactive agents are considered. Several common extra- and intracellular signaling pathways that link tissue oxygen demand with control of VSMC contractility, EC permeability, and RBC functioning are discussed.
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Simmonds MJ, Connes P, Sabapathy S. Exercise-induced blood lactate increase does not change red blood cell deformability in cyclists. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71219. [PMID: 23940722 PMCID: PMC3733956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of exercise-induced lactate production on red blood cell deformability and other blood rheological changes is controversial, given heavy-exercise induces biochemical processes (e.g., oxidative stress) known to perturb haemorheology. The aim of the present study was to examine the haemorheological response to a short-duration cycling protocol designed to increase blood lactate concentration, but of duration insufficient to induce significant oxidative stress. METHODS Male cyclists and triathletes (n = 6; 27±7 yr; body mass index: 23.7±3.0 kg/m²; peak oxygen uptake 4.02±0.51 L/min) performed unloaded (0 W), moderate-intensity, and heavy-intensity cycling. Blood was sampled at rest and during the final minute of each cycling bout. Blood chemistry, blood viscosity, red blood cell aggregation and red blood cell deformability were measured. RESULTS Blood lactate concentration increased significantly during heavy-intensity cycling, when compared with all other conditions. Methaemoglobin fraction did not change during any exercise bout when compared with rest. Blood viscosity at native haematocrit increased during heavy-intensity cycling at higher-shear rates when compared with rest, unloaded and moderate-intensity cycling. Heavy-intensity exercise increased the amplitude of red blood cell aggregation in native haematocrit samples when compared with all other conditions. Red blood cell deformability was not changed by exercise. CONCLUSION Acute exercise perturbs haemorheology in an intensity dose-response fashion; however, many of the haemorheological effects appear to be secondary to haemoconcentration, rather than increased lactate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Simmonds
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Xiong Y, Li Y, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Tang F, Wang X. Cluster of erythrocyte band 3: a potential molecular target of exhaustive exercise-induced dysfunction of erythrocyte deformability. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:1127-34. [PMID: 24289085 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the effect of exhaustive exercise on erythrocyte band 3 (SLC4A1; EB3). The association between the alterations of EB3 and red blood cell (RBC) deformability induced by exercise-induced dysfunction has been investigated. Rats were divided among 2 groups: (i) control (C), and (ii) exercise exhausted (E). RBC deformability was investigated in the rats in the exhaustive exercise and control groups. Erythrocytes from the control and exercise-exhausted groups were evaluated for the expression of erythrocyte band 3 through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies. Exhaustive exercise led to significant increments in the levels of clustering of erythrocyte band 3 along with the conjugation of membrane proteins to form high-molecular-weight complexes (P < 0.05). Under shear stresses, RBC deformability was found to decline significantly in the exhaustive exercise groups compared with the control group. These data suggest that the RBC dysfunction observed during exercise-induced oxidative stress could be associated with alterations in the structure and function of erythrocyte band 3, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the rheological properties of RBCs. These results provide further insight into erythrocyte damage induced by exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
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Hammouda O, Chtourou H, Chaouachi A, Chahed H, Ferchichi S, Kallel C, Chamari K, Souissi N. Effect of short-term maximal exercise on biochemical markers of muscle damage, total antioxidant status, and homocysteine levels in football players. Asian J Sports Med 2013; 3:239-46. [PMID: 23342222 PMCID: PMC3525820 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prolonged physical exercise results in transient elevations of biochemical markers of muscular damage. This study examined the effect of short-term maximal exercise on these markers, homocysteine levels (Hcy), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in trained subjects. Methods Eighteen male football players participated in this study. Blood samples were collected 5-min before and 3-min after a 30-s Wingate test. Results The results indicated that plasma biochemical markers of muscle injury increased significantly after the Wingate test (P<0.05). Moreover, significant increase of white blood Cells and their main subpopulations (i.e. monocytes, neutrophiles, and lymphocytes) (P<0.001) has been observed. Likewise, uric acid, total bilirubin, and TAS increased significantly after exercise (P<0.05). However, Hcy levels were unaffected by the Wingate test (for 3-min post-exercise measurement). Conclusions Short-term maximal exercise (e.g. 30-s Wingate test) is of sufficient intensity and duration to increase markers of muscle damage, and TAS; but not Hcy levels. Increases in the selected enzymes probably come primarily from muscle damage, rather than liver damage. Moreover, increase of TAS confirms the Wingate test induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
- Address: National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Bp263, Ave Med Ali Akid, 1004 El Menzah, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
| | - Henda Chahed
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Choumous Kallel
- Laboratory of hematology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory ‘'Sport Performance Optimisation’’, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
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Kilic-Toprak E, Ardic F, Erken G, Unver-Kocak F, Kucukatay V, Bor-Kucukatay M. Hemorheological responses to progressive resistance exercise training in healthy young males. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:CR351-60. [PMID: 22648250 PMCID: PMC3560717 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the effects of progressive resistance exercise training (PRET) on hemorheology. Material/Methods Exercise sessions included 1–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions at 40–60% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 weeks and at 75–80% of 1-RM during weeks 4–12. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation were determined by ektacytometry, plasma and whole blood viscosities (WBV) by rotational viscometry. Lactate concentration was evaluated by an analyzer and fibrinogen was evaluated by coagulometry. Plasma total oxidant/antioxidant status was measured by colorimetry. Results Following an acute increase after exercise on the first day, RBC deformability was elevated during weeks 3 and 4 (p=0.028; p=0.034, respectively). The last exercise protocol applied in week 12 again caused an acute increase in this parameter (p=0.034). RBC aggregation was increased acutely on the first day, but decreased after that throughout the protocol (p<0.05). At weeks 4 and 12 pre-exercise measurements of WBV at standard hematocrit and plasma viscosity were decreased (p=0.05; p=0.041, respectively), while post-exercise values were increased (p=0.005; p=0.04, respectively). Post-exercise WBV at autologous hematocrit measured at week 12 was increased (p=0.01). Lactate was elevated after each exercise session (p<0.05). Fibrinogen was decreased on the third week (p<0.01), while it was increased on the 4th week (p=0.005). Plasma antioxidant status was increased at week 3 (p=0.034) and oxidative stress index was decreased at week 4 (p=0.013) after exercise. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that PRET may have positive effects on hemorheological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kilic-Toprak
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
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Hammouda O, Chtourou H, Chahed H, Ferchichi S, Kallel C, Miled A, Chamari K, Souissi N. Diurnal variations of plasma homocysteine, total antioxidant status, and biological markers of muscle injury during repeated sprint: effect on performance and muscle fatigue--a pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2012; 28:958-67. [PMID: 22080741 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2011.613683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate whether homocysteine (Hcy), total antioxidant status (TAS), and biological markers of muscle injury would be affected by time of day (TOD) in football players and (ii) to establish a relationship between diurnal variation of these biomarkers and the daytime rhythm of power and muscle fatigue during repeated sprint ability (RSA) exercise. In counterbalanced order, 12 football (soccer) players performed an RSA test (5 x[6 s of maximal cycling sprint + 24 s of rest]) on two different occasions: 07:00-08:30 h and 17:00-18:30 h. Fasting blood samples were collected from a forearm vein before and 3-5 min after each RSA test. Core temperature, rating of perceived exertion, and performances (i.e., Sprint 1, Sprint 2, and power decrease) during the RSA test were significantly higher at 17:00 than 07:00 h (p < .001, p < .05, and p < .05, respectively). The results also showed significant diurnal variation of resting Hcy levels and all biological markers of muscle injury with acrophases (peak times) observed at 17:00 h. These fluctuations persisted after the RSA test. However, biomarkers of antioxidant status' resting levels (i.e., total antioxidant status, uric acid, and total bilirubin) were higher in the morning. This TOD effect was suppressed after exercise for TAS and uric acid. In conclusion, the present study confirms diurnal variation of Hcy, selected biological markers of cellular damage, and antioxidant status in young football players. Also, the higher performances and muscle fatigue showed in the evening during RSA exercise might be due to higher levels of biological markers of muscle injury and lower antioxidant status at this TOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Sport Performance Optimization, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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49
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Wahl P, Bloch W, Mester J, Born DP, Sperlich B. Effects of different levels of compression during sub-maximal and high-intensity exercise on erythrocyte deformability. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:2163-9. [PMID: 21964909 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis whether different levels of sock compression (0, 10, 20, and 40 mmHg) affect erythrocyte deformability and metabolic parameters during sub-maximal and maximal running. Nine well-trained, male endurance athletes (age 22.2 ± 1.3 years, peak oxygen uptake 57.7 ± 4.5 mL min(-1) kg(-1)) carried out four periods of sub-maximal running at 70% of peak oxygen uptake for 30 min followed by a ramp test until exhaustion with and without compression socks that applied different levels of pressure. Erythrocyte deformability, blood lactate, heart rate and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) were monitored before and during all of these tests. Erythrocyte deformability, heart rate, pO(2) and lactate concentration were unaffected by compression, whereas exercise itself significantly increased erythrocyte deformability. However, the increasing effects of exercise were attenuated when high compression was applied. This first evaluation of the potential effects of increasing levels of compression on erythrocyte deformability and metabolic parameters during (sub-) maximal exercise, revealed no effects whatsoever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wahl
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
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50
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Mao TY, Fu LL, Wang JS. Hypoxic exercise training causes erythrocyte senescence and rheological dysfunction by depressed Gardos channel activity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:382-91. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00096.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite enhancing cardiopulmonary and muscular fitness, the effect of hypoxic exercise training (HE) on hemorheological regulation remains unclear. This study investigates how HE modulates erythrocyte rheological properties and further explores the underlying mechanisms in the hemorheological alterations. Twenty-four sedentary males were randomly divided into hypoxic (HE; n = 12) and normoxic (NE; n = 12) exercise training groups. The subjects were trained on 60% of maximum work rate under 15% (HE) or 21% (NE) O2condition for 30 min daily, 5 days weekly for 5 wk. The results demonstrated that HE 1) downregulated CD47 and CD147 expressions on erythrocytes, 2) decreased actin and spectrin contents in erythrocytes, 3) reduced erythrocyte deformability under shear flow, and 4) diminished erythrocyte volume changed by hypotonic stress. Treatment of erythrocytes with H2O2that mimicked in vivo prooxidative status resulted in the cell shrinkage, rigidity, and phosphatidylserine exposure, whereas HE enhanced the eryptotic responses to H2O2. However, HE decreased the degrees of clotrimazole to blunt ionomycin-induced shrinkage, rigidity, and cytoskeleton breakdown of erythrocytes, referred to as Gardos effects. Reduced erythrocyte deformability by H2O2was inversely related to the erythrocyte Gardos effect on the rheological function. Conversely, NE intervention did not significantly change resting and exercise erythrocyte rheological properties. Therefore, we conclude that HE rather than NE reduces erythrocyte deformability and volume regulation, accompanied by an increase in the eryptotic response to oxidative stress. Simultaneously, this intervention depresses Gardos channel-modulated erythrocyte rheological functions. Results of this study provide further insight into erythrocyte senescence induced by HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tso-Yen Mao
- Graduate Institute of Physical Education, and
| | - Li-Lan Fu
- Department of Athletic Training and Health Science, National Taiwan Sport University; and
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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