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Kumar R, Vitvitsky V, Sethaudom A, Singhal R, Solanki S, Alibeckoff S, Hiraki HL, Bell HN, Andren A, Baker BM, Lyssiotis CA, Shah YM, Banerjee R. Sulfide oxidation promotes hypoxic angiogenesis and neovascularization. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01583-8. [PMID: 38509349 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenic programming in the vascular endothelium is a tightly regulated process for maintaining tissue homeostasis and is activated in tissue injury and the tumor microenvironment. The metabolic basis of how gas signaling molecules regulate angiogenesis is elusive. Here, we report that hypoxic upregulation of ·NO in endothelial cells reprograms the transsulfuration pathway to increase biogenesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a proangiogenic metabolite. However, decreased H2S oxidation due to sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) deficiency synergizes with hypoxia, inducing a reductive shift and limiting endothelial proliferation that is attenuated by dissipation of the mitochondrial NADH pool. Tumor xenografts in whole-body (WBCreSqorfl/fl) and endothelial-specific (VE-cadherinCre-ERT2Sqorfl/fl) Sqor-knockout mice exhibit lower mass and angiogenesis than control mice. WBCreSqorfl/fl mice also exhibit decreased muscle angiogenesis following femoral artery ligation compared to control mice. Collectively, our data reveal the molecular intersections between H2S, O2 and ·NO metabolism and identify SQOR inhibition as a metabolic vulnerability for endothelial cell proliferation and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Apichaya Sethaudom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rashi Singhal
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sydney Alibeckoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harrison L Hiraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hannah N Bell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Kim LC, Lesner NP, Simon MC. Cancer Metabolism under Limiting Oxygen Conditions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041542. [PMID: 37848248 PMCID: PMC10835619 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for cellular bioenergetics and numerous biochemical reactions necessary for life. Solid tumors outgrow the native blood supply and diffusion limits of O2, and therefore must engage hypoxia response pathways that evolved to withstand acute periods of low O2 Hypoxia activates coordinated gene expression programs, primarily through hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), to support survival. Many of these changes involve metabolic rewiring such as increasing glycolysis to support ATP generation while suppressing mitochondrial metabolism. Since low O2 is often coupled with nutrient stress in the tumor microenvironment, other responses to hypoxia include activation of nutrient uptake pathways, metabolite scavenging, and regulation of stress and growth signaling cascades. Continued development of models that better recapitulate tumors and their microenvironments will lead to greater understanding of oxygen-dependent metabolic reprogramming and lead to more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Kim
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas P Lesner
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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3
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Pati SG, Panda F, Bal A, Paital B, Sahoo DK. Water deprivation-induced hypoxia and oxidative stress physiology responses in respiratory organs of the Indian stinging fish in near coastal zones. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16793. [PMID: 38282857 PMCID: PMC10822137 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Water deprivation-induced hypoxia stress (WDIHS) has been extensively investigated in numerous fish species due to their adaptation with accessory respiratory organs to respire air but this has not been studied in Indian stinging fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Data regarding WDIHS-induced metabolism in accessory respiratory organ (ARO) and gills and its relationship with oxidative stress (OS) in respiratory organs of air-breathing fish H. fossilis, are limited. So, this study aimed to investigate the effects of WDIHS (0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as reactive oxygen species (ROS), OS, redox regulatory enzymes, and electron transport enzymes (ETC) in ARO and gills of H. fossilis. Methods Fish were exposed to air for different hours (up to 18 h) against an appropriate control, and ARO and gills were sampled. The levels of oxygen saturation in the body of the fish were assessed at various intervals during exposure to air. Protein carbonylation (PC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were used as OS markers, H2O2 as ROS marker, and various enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), along with the assessment of complex enzymes (I, II, III, and V) as well as the levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and the reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified in both the tissues. Results Discriminant function analyses indicate a clear separation of the variables as a function of the studied parameters. The gills exhibited higher levels of GSH and H2O2 compared to ARO, while ARO showed elevated levels of PC, TBARS, AA, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities compared to the gills. The activities of GR and ETC enzymes exhibited similar levels in both the respiratory organs, namely the gills, and ARO. These organs experienced OS due to increased H2O2, TBARS, and PC levels, as observed during WDIHS. Under WDIHS conditions, the activity/level of CAT, GPx, GR, and GSH decreased in ARO, while SOD activity, along with GR, GSH, and AA levels decreased in gills. However, the activity/level of SOD and AA in ARO and CAT in gills was elevated under WDIHS. Complex II exhibited a positive correlation with WDIHS, while the other ETC enzymes (complex I, III, and V) activities had negative correlations with the WDIHS. Discussion The finding suggests that ARO is more susceptible to OS than gills under WDIHS. Despite both organs employ distinct redox regulatory systems to counteract this stress, their effectiveness is hampered by the inadequacy of small redox regulatory molecules and the compromised activity of the ETC, impeding their ability to effectively alleviate the stress induced by the water-deprivation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Gourav Pati
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Falguni Panda
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhipsa Bal
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Department of Zoology, Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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Bruschi M, Biancucci F, Masini S, Piacente F, Ligi D, Bartoccini F, Antonelli A, Mannello F, Bruzzone S, Menotta M, Fraternale A, Magnani M. The influence of redox modulation on hypoxic endothelial cell metabolic and proteomic profiles through a small thiol-based compound tuning glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Biofactors 2023; 49:1205-1222. [PMID: 37409789 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in oxygen levels is a key feature in the physiology of the bone marrow (BM) niche where hematopoiesis occurs. The BM niche is a highly vascularized tissue and endothelial cells (ECs) support and regulate blood cell formation from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While in vivo studies are limited, ECs when cultured in vitro at low O2 (<5%), fail to support functional HSC maintenance due to oxidative environment. Therefore, changes in EC redox status induced by antioxidant molecules may lead to alterations in the cellular response to hypoxia likely favoring HSC self-renewal. To evaluate the impact of redox regulation, HUVEC, exposed for 1, 6, and 24 h to 3% O2 were treated with N-(N-acetyl-l-cysteinyl)-S-acetylcysteamine (I-152). Metabolomic analyses revealed that I-152 increased glutathione levels and influenced the metabolic profiles interconnected with the glutathione system and the redox couples NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H. mRNA analysis showed a lowered gene expression of HIF-1α and VEGF following I-152 treatment whereas TRX1 and 2 were stimulated. Accordingly, the proteomic study revealed the redox-dependent upregulation of thioredoxin and peroxiredoxins that, together with the glutathione system, are the main regulators of intracellular ROS. Indeed, a time-dependent ROS production under hypoxia and a quenching effect of the molecule were evidenced. At the secretome level, the molecule downregulated IL-6, MCP-1, and PDGF-bb. These results suggest that redox modulation by I-152 reduces oxidative stress and ROS level in hypoxic ECs and may be a strategy to fine-tune the environment of an in vitro BM niche able to support functional HSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bruschi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Federica Biancucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Sofia Masini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Daniela Ligi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Antonella Antonelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
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Vujovic F, Shepherd CE, Witting PK, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Redox-Mediated Rewiring of Signalling Pathways: The Role of a Cellular Clock in Brain Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1873. [PMID: 37891951 PMCID: PMC10604469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoan signalling pathways can be rewired to dampen or amplify the rate of events, such as those that occur in development and aging. Given that a linear network topology restricts the capacity to rewire signalling pathways, such scalability of the pace of biological events suggests the existence of programmable non-linear elements in the underlying signalling pathways. Here, we review the network topology of key signalling pathways with a focus on redox-sensitive proteins, including PTEN and Ras GTPase, that reshape the connectivity profile of signalling pathways in response to an altered redox state. While this network-level impact of redox is achieved by the modulation of individual redox-sensitive proteins, it is the population by these proteins of critical nodes in a network topology of signal transduction pathways that amplifies the impact of redox-mediated reprogramming. We propose that redox-mediated rewiring is essential to regulate the rate of transmission of biological signals, giving rise to a programmable cellular clock that orchestrates the pace of biological phenomena such as development and aging. We further review the evidence that an aberrant redox-mediated modulation of output of the cellular clock contributes to the emergence of pathological conditions affecting the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vujovic
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Paul K. Witting
- Redox Biology Group, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Ramin M. Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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6
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Rydz L, Wróbel M, Janik K, Jurkowska H. Hypoxia-Induced Changes in L-Cysteine Metabolism and Antioxidative Processes in Melanoma Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1491. [PMID: 37892173 PMCID: PMC10604596 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed on human primary (WM115) and metastatic (WM266-4) melanoma cell lines developed from the same individual. The expression of proteins involved in L-cysteine metabolism (sulfurtransferases, and cystathionine β-synthase) and antioxidative processes (thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase-1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase 1) as well as the level of sufane sulfur, and cell proliferation under hypoxic conditions were investigated. Hypoxia in WM115 and WM266-4 cells was confirmed by induced expression of carbonic anhydrase IX and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 by the RT-PCR and Western blot methods. It was shown that, under hypoxic conditions the inhibition of WM115 and WM266-4 melanoma cell proliferation was associated with decreased expression of thioredoxin reductase-1 and cystathionine β-synthase. These two enzymes may be important therapeutic targets in the treatment of melanoma. Interestingly, it was also found that in normoxia the expression and activity of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in metastatic WM266-4 melanoma cells was significantly higher than in primary melanoma WM115 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Halina Jurkowska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (L.R.); (M.W.); (K.J.)
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Kavvoura DA, Stefanakis MK, Kletsas D, Katerinopoulos HE, Pratsinis H. Biological Activities of Ceratonia siliqua Pod and Seed Extracts: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cretan Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12104. [PMID: 37569477 PMCID: PMC10418674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly known as the carob tree, appears in most Mediterranean countries, often cultivated for the collection of its fruits to be used as food for humans and animals. This study was aimed at the phytochemical characterization of two common Cretan C. siliqua cultivars and the biological evaluation of deseeded pod and seed extracts regarding their putative use in cosmetics. Gas and liquid chromatographic techniques were used to assess their essential oil, fatty acid, and carbohydrate profiles. Cell-free assays, including free-radical scavenging; the inhibition of tyrosinase and collagenase; the blocking of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation; along with assays in human skin fibroblast cultures, i.e., reactive oxygen species suppression, glutathione stimulation, and protection from oxidative stress and from ultraviolet (UVB) radiation, were also used. Extracts from both cultivars were found to possess antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase- and collagenase-inhibitory activities, an ability to block glucose-induced AGEs, and in certain cases, UVB absorbance and photoprotective activities. Seed extracts were in general more active, while the use of 30% aqueous methanol seemed to be more efficient than n-hexane for extraction. Serial partition of the most active extracts resulted in fractions with enriched biological activities. These properties make Cretan carob extracts and their fractions suitable candidates for use in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni-Alexandra Kavvoura
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Michalis K. Stefanakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.K.S.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Haralambos E. Katerinopoulos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.K.S.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
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Kumar R, Vitvitsky V, Seth P, Hiraki HL, Bell H, Andren A, Singhal R, Baker BM, Lyssiotis CA, Shah YM, Banerjee R. Sulfide oxidation promotes hypoxic angiogenesis and neovascularization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532677. [PMID: 36993187 PMCID: PMC10055101 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic programming in the vascular endothelium is a tightly regulated process to maintain tissue homeostasis and is activated in tissue injury and the tumor microenvironment. The metabolic basis of how gas signaling molecules regulate angiogenesis is elusive. Herein, we report that hypoxic upregulation of NO synthesis in endothelial cells reprograms the transsulfuration pathway and increases H 2 S biogenesis. Furthermore, H 2 S oxidation by mitochondrial sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) rather than downstream persulfides, synergizes with hypoxia to induce a reductive shift, limiting endothelial cell proliferation that is attenuated by dissipation of the mitochondrial NADH pool. Tumor xenografts in whole-body WB Cre SQOR fl/fl knockout mice exhibit lower mass and reduced angiogenesis compared to SQOR fl/fl controls. WB Cre SQOR fl/fl mice also exhibit reduced muscle angiogenesis following femoral artery ligation, compared to controls. Collectively, our data reveal the molecular intersections between H 2 S, O 2 and NO metabolism and identify SQOR inhibition as a metabolic vulnerability for endothelial cell proliferation and neovascularization. Highlights Hypoxic induction of •NO in endothelial cells inhibits CBS and switches CTH reaction specificity Hypoxic interruption of the canonical transsulfuration pathway promotes H 2 S synthesis Synergizing with hypoxia, SQOR deficiency induces a reductive shift in the ETC and restricts proliferationSQOR KO mice exhibit lower neovascularization in tumor xenograft and hind limb ischemia models.
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Giangregorio N, Tonazzi A, Calvano CD, Pierri CL, Incampo G, Cataldi TRI, Indiveri C. The Mycotoxin Patulin Inhibits the Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Carrier (SLC25A20) by Interaction with Cys136 Implications for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032228. [PMID: 36768549 PMCID: PMC9917099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of mycotoxin patulin (4-hydroxy-4H-furo [3,2c] pyran-2 [6H] -one) on the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC, SLC25A20) was investigated. Transport function was measured as [3H]-carnitineex/carnitinein antiport in proteoliposomes reconstituted with the native protein extracted from rat liver mitochondria or with the recombinant CAC over-expressed in E. coli. Patulin (PAT) inhibited both the mitochondrial native and recombinant transporters. The inhibition was not reversed by physiological and sulfhydryl-reducing reagents, such as glutathione (GSH) or dithioerythritol (DTE). The IC50 derived from the dose-response analysis indicated that PAT inhibition was in the range of 50 µM both on the native and on rat and human recombinant protein. The kinetics process revealed a competitive type of inhibition. A substrate protection experiment confirmed that the interaction of PAT with the protein occurred within a protein region, including the substrate-binding area. The mechanism of inhibition was identified using the site-directed mutagenesis of CAC. No inhibition was observed on Cys mutants in which only the C136 residue was mutated. Mass spectrometry studies and in silico molecular modeling analysis corroborated the outcomes derived from the biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Incampo
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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McCulley DJ, Jensen EA, Sucre JMS, McKenna S, Sherlock LG, Dobrinskikh E, Wright CJ. Racing against time: leveraging preclinical models to understand pulmonary susceptibility to perinatal acetaminophen exposures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L1-L13. [PMID: 35503238 PMCID: PMC9208439 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00080.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, clinicians have increasingly prescribed acetaminophen (APAP) for patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Acetaminophen has been shown to reduce postoperative opiate burden, and may provide similar efficacy for closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Despite these potential benefits, APAP exposures have spread to increasingly less mature infants, a highly vulnerable population for whom robust pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for APAP are lacking. Concerningly, preclinical studies suggest that perinatal APAP exposures may result in unanticipated adverse effects that are unique to the developing lung. In this review, we discuss the clinical observations linking APAP exposures to adverse respiratory outcomes and the preclinical data demonstrating a developmental susceptibility to APAP-induced lung injury. We show how clinical observations linking perinatal APAP exposures to pulmonary injury have been taken to the bench to produce important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying these findings. We argue that the available data support a more cautious approach to APAP use in the NICU until large randomized controlled trials provide appropriate safety and efficacy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McCulley
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Erik A Jensen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sarah McKenna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura G Sherlock
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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γ-Glutamylcysteine Alleviates Ischemic Stroke-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Inhibiting ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2961079. [PMID: 34824669 PMCID: PMC8610689 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2961079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a severe and acute neurological disorder with limited therapeutic strategies currently available. Oxidative stress is one of the critical pathological factors in ischemia/reperfusion injury, and high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may drive neuronal apoptosis. Rescuing neurons in the penumbra is a potential way to recover from ischemic stroke. Endogenous levels of the potent ROS quencher glutathione (GSH) decrease significantly after cerebral ischemia. Here, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC), an immediate precursor of GSH, on neuronal apoptosis and brain injury during ischemic stroke. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were used to mimic cerebral ischemia in mice, neuronal cell lines, and primary neurons. Our data indicated that exogenous γ-GC treatment mitigated oxidative stress, as indicated by upregulated GSH and decreased ROS levels. In addition, γ-GC attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal apoptosis and brain injury in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, transcriptomics approaches and subsequent validation studies revealed that γ-GC attenuated penumbra neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway in OGD/R-treated cells and ischemic brain tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that γ-GC attenuates ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis by suppressing ROS-mediated ER stress. γ-GC may be a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.
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Comparative genomics provides insights into the aquatic adaptations of mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106080118. [PMID: 34503999 PMCID: PMC8449357 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106080118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergent lineages can respond to common environmental factors through convergent processes involving shared genomic components or pathways, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we provide genomic resources and insights into the evolution of mammalian lineages adapting to aquatic life. Our data suggest convergent evolution, for example, in association with thermoregulation through genes associated with a surface heat barrier (NFIA) and internal heat exchange (SEMA3E). Combined with the support of previous reports showing that the UCP1 locus has been lost in many marine mammals independently, our results suggest that the thermostatic strategy of marine mammals shifted from enhancing heat production to limiting heat loss. The ancestors of marine mammals once roamed the land and independently committed to an aquatic lifestyle. These macroevolutionary transitions have intrigued scientists for centuries. Here, we generated high-quality genome assemblies of 17 marine mammals (11 cetaceans and six pinnipeds), including eight assemblies at the chromosome level. Incorporating previously published data, we reconstructed the marine mammal phylogeny and population histories and identified numerous idiosyncratic and convergent genomic variations that possibly contributed to the transition from land to water in marine mammal lineages. Genes associated with the formation of blubber (NFIA), vascular development (SEMA3E), and heat production by brown adipose tissue (UCP1) had unique changes that may contribute to marine mammal thermoregulation. We also observed many lineage-specific changes in the marine mammals, including genes associated with deep diving and navigation. Our study advances understanding of the timing, pattern, and molecular changes associated with the evolution of mammalian lineages adapting to aquatic life.
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Lukyanova L, Germanova E, Khmil N, Pavlik L, Mikheeva I, Shigaeva M, Mironova G. Signaling Role of Mitochondrial Enzymes and Ultrastructure in the Formation of Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8636. [PMID: 34445340 PMCID: PMC8395493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was the first comprehensive investigation of the dependence of mitochondrial enzyme response (catalytic subunits of mitochondrial complexes (MC) I-V, including NDUFV2, SDHA, Cyt b, COX1 and ATP5A) and mitochondrial ultrastructure in the rat cerebral cortex (CC) on the severity and duration of in vivo hypoxic exposures. The role of individual animal's resistance to hypoxia was also studied. The respiratory chain (RC) was shown to respond to changes in environmental [O2] as follows: (a) differential reaction of mitochondrial enzymes, which depends on the severity of the hypoxic exposure and which indicates changes in the content and catalytic properties of mitochondrial enzymes, both during acute and multiple exposures; and (b) ultrastructural changes in mitochondria, which reflect various degrees of mitochondrial energization. Within a specific range of reduced O2 concentrations, activation of the MC II is a compensatory response supporting the RC electron transport function. In this process, MC I develops new kinetic properties, and its function recovers in hypoxia by reprograming the RC substrate site. Therefore, the mitochondrial RC performs as an in vivo molecular oxygen sensor. Substantial differences between responses of rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Lukyanova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltijskaya Str. 8., 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elita Germanova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltijskaya Str. 8., 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalya Khmil
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Lybov Pavlik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Irina Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Shigaeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Galina Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
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Badea MA, Balas M, Dinischiotu A. Biological properties and development of hypoxia in a breast cancer 3D model generated by hanging drop technique. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 80:63-73. [PMID: 33904026 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hanging drop represents a simple approach designed for the generation of 3D models that have potential to be used for the study of solid tumors characteristics. The aim of the study was to develop and characterize the breast cancer 3D cellular models obtained through hanging drop technique using MDA-MB-231 cells. The biological characteristics such as: morphology, cellular viability, proliferation capacity and hypoxia, were monitored for a six-day time period. The morphological evaluation indicated that the 3D models presented the aspect of compact (seeding density of 2500 and 5000 cells/drop) and loose (seeding density of 8000 cells/drop) aggregates, with a decrease in diameter and an increase of their circularity. The cellular viability and proliferation capacity decreased in time and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in a time-dependent manner, suggesting the presence of necrotic cells that were dispersed in the cellular aggregates. The occurrence of hypoxia process was suggested by the up-regulation of Hsp70 protein expression and increased level of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, the up-regulation of HIF-1α and poli-ubiquitinated Nrf2 protein expressions and decreased level of reduced glutathione (GSH) indicated the presence of an acute hypoxic environment in MDA-MB-231 3D aggregates. In conclusion, the MDA-MB-231 3D models generated through hanging drop are compact and loose aggregates characterized by an acute hypoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Andreea Badea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, R-050095, Romania
| | - Mihaela Balas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, R-050095, Romania.
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, R-050095, Romania
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Long-term effect of parental selenium supplementation on the one-carbon metabolism in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry exposed to hypoxic stress. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:23-34. [PMID: 33658100 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100074x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated how different forms of selenium (Se) supplementation into rainbow trout broodstock diets modified the one-carbon metabolism of the progeny after the beginning of exogenous feeding and followed by hypoxia challenge. The progeny of three groups of rainbow trout broodstock fed either a control diet (Se level: 0·3 µg/g) or a diet supplemented with inorganic sodium selenite (Se level: 0·6 µg/g) or organic hydroxy-selenomethionine (Se level: 0·6 µg/g) was cross-fed with diets of similar Se composition for 11 weeks. Offspring were sampled either before or after being subjected to an acute hypoxic stress (1·7 mg/l dissolved oxygen) for 30 min. In normoxic fry, parental Se supplementation allowed higher glutathione levels compared with fry originating from parents fed the control diet. Parental hydroxy-selenomethionine treatment also increased cysteine and cysteinyl-glycine concentrations in fry. Dietary Se supplementation decreased glutamate-cysteine ligase (cgl) mRNA levels. Hydroxy-selenomethionine feeding also lowered the levels of some essential free amino acids in muscle tissue. Supplementation of organic Se to parents and fry reduced betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (bhmt) expression in fry. The hypoxic stress decreased whole-body homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine and glutathione levels. Together with the higher mRNA levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (cbs), a transsulphuration enzyme, this suggests that under hypoxia, glutathione synthesis through transsulphuration might have been impaired by depletion of a glutathione precursor. In stressed fry, S-adenosylmethionine levels were significantly decreased, but S-adenosylhomocysteine remained stable. Decreased bhmt and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1a (amd1a) mRNA levels in stressed fry suggest a nutritional programming by parental Se also on methionine metabolism of rainbow trout.
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Tian X, Kumawat LK, Bull SD, Elmes RB, Wu L, James TD. Coumarin-based fluorescent probe for the detection of glutathione and nitroreductase. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Çolak R, Ağaşcıoğlu E, Çakatay U. "Live High Train Low" Hypoxic Training Enhances Exercise Performance with Efficient Redox Homeostasis in Rats' Soleus Muscle. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 22:77-86. [PMID: 32960081 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Çolak, Rıdvan, Eda Ağaşcıoğlu, and Ufuk Çakatay. "Live high train low" hypoxic training enhances exercise performance with efficient redox homeostasis in rats' soleus muscle. High Alt Med Biol. 22:77-86, 2021. Background: Different types of hypoxic training have been performed to improve exercise performance. Although both "live high train high" and "live high train low" techniques are commonly performed, it is still obscure as to which one is more beneficial. Materials and Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into aforementioned experimental groups. After a familiarization exercise (4-week, ∼15-30 minutes/day) at normoxia, all rats exercised (4-week, ∼35 minutes/day) at hypoxia with their pre-evaluated maximal aerobic velocity test. The soleus was extracted after the test following 2 days of resting. Results: The live high trained low group displayed better performance than the live high trained high (p = 0.031) and the live low trained low (p = 0.017) groups. Redox status biomarkers were higher in the live high trained high group except for thiols, which were illustrated with no difference among the groups. Further, contrary to total and protein thiols (r = 0.57, p = 0.037; r = 0.55, p = 0.042 respectively), other redox status biomarkers were observed to be negatively correlated to exercise performance. Conclusions: The live high trained low group could consume more oxygen during exercise, which might lead to having a better chance to ensure cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, this group could ensure an optimum exercise performance and anabolic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rıdvan Çolak
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Eda Ağaşcıoğlu
- Department of Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wischhusen P, Larroquet L, Durand T, Oger C, Galano JM, Rocher A, Vigor C, Antony Jesu Prabhu P, Véron V, Briens M, Roy J, Kaushik SJ, Fauconneau B, Fontagné-Dicharry S. Oxidative stress and antioxidant response in rainbow trout fry exposed to acute hypoxia is affected by selenium nutrition of parents and during first exogenous feeding. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 155:99-113. [PMID: 32417385 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency is a problem widely encountered in humans and terrestrial livestock production with increasing attention also in aquaculture. Se supports the antioxidant system, which becomes especially important during stressful conditions. In the present study, the effect of Se-supplementation in broodstock and fry diets on the performance and antioxidant metabolism of rainbow trout fry under acute hypoxia was investigated. Rainbow trout broodstock were fed plant-ingredient based diets either without any Se-supplementation (Se level: 0.3 mg/kg) or supplemented with Se supplied as sodium selenite or as hydroxy-selenomethionine (Se level: 0.6 mg/kg respectively) for 6 months prior to spawning. The progenies were subdivided into three triplicate feeding groups and fed diets with similar Se levels compared to the parental diets, resulting in a 3x3 factorial design. After 11 weeks of feeding, the fry were either sampled or subjected to a hypoxic stress challenge. One hundred fish were transferred to tanks containing water with a low oxygen level (1.7 ± 0.2 ppm) and monitored closely for 30 min. When a fish started to faint it was recorded and transferred back to normoxic water. Direct fry feeding of the hydroxy-selenomethionine supplemented diet improved the resistance towards the hypoxic stress. On the contrary, fry originating from parents fed Se-supplemented diets showed a lower stress resistance compared to fry originating from parents fed the control diet. Fry subjected to hypoxia showed elevated oxidative stress with reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and increased isoprostanes (IsoP) and phytoprostanes (PhytoP) levels produced by lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), arachidonic and α-linolenic acids respectively. Increased mRNA expression of transcription factors (nrf2, nfκb, keap1X2) and decreased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (trxr, sod, gstπ) indicated a transcriptional regulation of the antioxidant response. In stressed fry, the mRNA expression of several antioxidant genes including gr, msr and gstπ was found to be higher when fed the control diet compared to the sodium selenite treatment, with a contrary effect for parental and direct Se nutrition on gpx. The long-term parental effect becomes of greater importance in stressed fry, where more than half of the genes were significantly higher expressed in the control compared to the selenite supplemented group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Wischhusen
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France.
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | - Amandine Rocher
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | | | - Vincent Véron
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | | | - Jerome Roy
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Sadasivam J Kaushik
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Benoit Fauconneau
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
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Cohen EB, Geck RC, Toker A. Metabolic pathway alterations in microvascular endothelial cells in response to hypoxia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232072. [PMID: 32645038 PMCID: PMC7347218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature within a tumor is highly disordered both structurally and functionally. Endothelial cells that comprise the vasculature are poorly connected causing vessel leakage and exposing the endothelium to a hypoxic microenvironment. Therefore, most anti-angiogenic therapies are generally inefficient and result in acquired resistance to increased hypoxia due to elimination of the vasculature. Recent studies have explored the efficacy of targeting metabolic pathways in tumor cells in combination with anti-angiogenic therapy. However, the metabolic alterations of endothelial cells in response to hypoxia have been relatively unexplored. Here, we measured polar metabolite levels in microvascular endothelial cells exposed to short- and long-term hypoxia with the goal of identifying metabolic vulnerabilities that can be targeted to normalize tumor vasculature and improve drug delivery. We found that many amino acid-related metabolites were altered by hypoxia exposure, especially within alanine-aspartate-glutamate, serine-threonine, and cysteine-methionine metabolism. Additionally, there were significant changes in de novo pyrimidine synthesis as well as glutathione and taurine metabolism. These results provide key insights into the metabolic alterations that occur in endothelial cells in response to hypoxia, which serve as a foundation for future studies to develop therapies that lead to vessel normalization and more efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Renee C. Geck
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Astrocyte glutathione maintains endothelial barrier stability. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101576. [PMID: 32502899 PMCID: PMC7267730 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment clearly accelerates brain disease progression. As ways to prevent injury-induced barrier dysfunction remain elusive, better understanding of how BBB cells interact and modulate barrier integrity is needed. Our metabolomic profiling study showed that cell-specific adaptation to injury correlates well with metabolic reprogramming at the BBB. In particular we noted that primary astrocytes (AC) contain comparatively high levels of glutathione (GSH)-related metabolites compared to primary endothelial cells (EC). Injury significantly disturbed redox balance in 10.13039/501100000780EC but not AC motivating us to assess 1) whether an AC-10.13039/501100000780EC GSH shuttle supports barrier stability and 2) the impact of GSH on 10.13039/501100000780EC function. Using an isotopic labeling/tracking approach combined with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOF-MS) we prove that AC constantly shuttle GSH to EC even under resting conditions - a flux accelerated by injury conditions in vitro. In correlation, co-culture studies revealed that blocking AC GSH generation and secretion via siRNA-mediated γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase (GCL) knockdown significantly compromises EC barrier integrity. Using different GSH donors, we further show that exogenous GSH supplementation improves barrier function by maintaining organization of tight junction proteins and preventing injury-induced tight junction phosphorylation. Thus the AC GSH shuttle is key for maintaining EC redox homeostasis and BBB stability suggesting GSH supplementation could improve recovery after brain injury. Astrocytes maintain better redox homeostasis during injury conditions than brain endothelial cells. Astrocyte-secreted glutathione abrogates injury-induced endothelial permeability. Exogenous GSH prevents injury-induced tight junction disruption. Better understanding of metabolic paracellular crosstalk could offer more opportunities to safeguard BBB integrity.
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Impaired redox homeostasis in the heart left ventricles of aged rats experiencing fast-developing severe hypobaric hypoxia. Biogerontology 2019; 20:711-722. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Uncovering mechanisms of global ocean change effects on the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) through metabolomics analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10717. [PMID: 31341175 PMCID: PMC6656712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dungeness crab is an economically and ecologically important species distributed along the North American Pacific coast. To predict how Dungeness crab may physiologically respond to future global ocean change on a molecular level, we performed untargeted metabolomic approaches on individual Dungeness crab juveniles reared in treatments that mimicked current and projected future pH and dissolved oxygen conditions. We found 94 metabolites and 127 lipids responded in a condition-specific manner, with a greater number of known compounds more strongly responding to low oxygen than low pH exposure. Pathway analysis of these compounds revealed that juveniles may respond to low oxygen through evolutionarily conserved processes including downregulating glutathione biosynthesis and upregulating glycogen storage, and may respond to low pH by increasing ATP production. Most interestingly, we found that the response of juveniles to combined low pH and low oxygen exposure was most similar to the low oxygen exposure response, indicating low oxygen may drive the physiology of juvenile crabs more than pH. Our study elucidates metabolic dynamics that expand our overall understanding of how the species might respond to future ocean conditions and provides a comprehensive dataset that could be used in future ocean acidification response studies.
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Vissenaekens H, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A, Van De Wiele T, Calatayud M. The response of five intestinal cell lines to anoxic conditionsin vitro. Biol Cell 2019; 111:232-244. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Vissenaekens
- Department of Food technologySafety and HealthFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food technologySafety and HealthFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food technologySafety and HealthFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Tom Van De Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent 9000 Belgium
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Ralph SJ, Nozuhur S, ALHulais RA, Rodríguez‐Enríquez S, Moreno‐Sánchez R. Repurposing drugs as pro‐oxidant redox modifiers to eliminate cancer stem cells and improve the treatment of advanced stage cancers. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2397-2426. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Ralph
- School of Medical ScienceGriffith University Southport Australia
| | - Sam Nozuhur
- School of Medical ScienceGriffith University Southport Australia
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Abstract
Immune cell populations determine the balance between ongoing damage and repair following tissue injury. Cells responding to a tissue-damaged environment have significant bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs. In addition to supporting these needs, metabolic pathways govern the function of pro-repair immune cells, including regulatory T cells and tissue macrophages. In this Review, we explore how specific features of the tissue-damaged environment such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and nutrient depletion serve as metabolic cues to promote or impair the reparative functions of immune cell populations. Hypoxia, mitochondrial DNA stress, and altered redox balance each contribute to mechanisms regulating the response to tissue damage. For example, hypoxia induces changes in regulatory T cell and macrophage metabolic profiles, including generation of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which inhibits demethylase reactions to modulate cell fate and function. Reactive oxygen species abundant in oxidative environments cause damage to mitochondrial DNA, initiating signaling pathways that likewise control pro-repair cell function. Nutrient depletion following tissue damage also affects pro-repair cell function through metabolic signaling pathways, specifically those sensitive to the redox state of the cell. The study of immunometabolism as an immediate sensor and regulator of the tissue-damaged environment provides opportunities to consider mechanisms that facilitate healthy repair of tissue injury.
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Badea MA, Balas M, Hermenean A, Ciceu A, Herman H, Ionita D, Dinischiotu A. Influence of Matrigel on Single- and Multiple-Spheroid Cultures in Breast Cancer Research. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:563-578. [PMID: 30897015 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219834698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and compare single and multiple 3D models such as multicellular tumor spheroids and to investigate the influence of Matrigel on their morphological and functional behavior. MDA-MB-231 3D models were generated in the presence and absence of Matrigel and their key biological properties within 6 days of culture were monitored. Our results revealed the formation of well-defined 3D models in the presence of Matrigel, with a uniform morphology, increased diameter, good circularity, and increased expression of a proliferation marker (PCNA). In comparison, 3D models generated without Matrigel were characterized by an irregular border, reduced dimensions and circularity, and a decrease of PCNA expression. Similarities between the single and multiple 3D cultures were found in their viability, Nrf2 expression, and glutathione (GSH) content. The influence of Matrigel on MDA-MB-231 spheroids metabolism under hypoxic conditions was highlighted by released lactate dehydrogenase and nitric oxide, GSH levels and expression of Nrf2 and Hsp70 proteins. Based on the increased expression of PCNA and the development of the hypoxia process in the presence of extracellular matrix, our study showed that the addition of Matrigel improves the growing environment of tumor spheroids, making it closer to that of in vivo tumor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Andreea Badea
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Balas
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- 2 Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.,3 Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Alina Ciceu
- 3 Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- 3 Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Daniela Ionita
- 4 Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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27
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Keeley TP, Mann GE. Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:161-234. [PMID: 30354965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5-1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2 levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2 environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2 levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2 levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keeley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
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Yamada K, Nitta T, Atsuji K, Shiroyama M, Inoue K, Higuchi C, Nitta N, Oshiro S, Mochida K, Iwata O, Ohtsu I, Suzuki K. Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:853. [PMID: 30696857 PMCID: PMC6351624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is a microalga, which has been used as a model organism for decades. Recent technological advances have enabled mass cultivation of this species for industrial applications such as feedstock in nutritional foods and cosmetics. E. gracilis degrades its storage polysaccharide (paramylon) under hypoxic conditions for energy acquisition by an oxygen-independent process and accumulates high amount of wax-ester as a by-product. Using this sequence of reactions referred to as wax-ester fermentation, E. gracilis is studied for its application in biofuel production. Although the wax-ester production pathway is well characterized, little is known regarding the biochemical reactions underlying the main metabolic route, especially, the existence of an unknown sulfur-compound metabolism implied by the nasty odor generation accompanying the wax-ester fermentation. In this study, we show sulfur-metabolomics of E. gracilis in aerobic and hypoxic conditions, to reveal the biochemical reactions that occur during wax-ester synthesis. Our results helped us in identifying hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as the nasty odor-producing component in wax-ester fermentation. In addition, the results indicate that glutathione and protein degrades during hypoxia, whereas cysteine, methionine, and their metabolites increase in the cells. This indicates that this shift of abundance in sulfur compounds is the cause of H2S synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamada
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Atsuji
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maeka Shiroyama
- Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Oshiro
- Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, 905-2192, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Osamu Iwata
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan.
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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Kim JL, Lee DH, Jeong S, Kim BR, Na YJ, Park SH, Jo MJ, Jeong YA, Oh SC. Imatinib‑induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1616-1626. [PMID: 30569109 PMCID: PMC6365688 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is a powerful tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically targets BCR-ABL, c-KIT, and PDGFR kinases, and is used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and other types of cancers. However, the possible anticancer effects of imatinib in gastric cancer have not yet been explored. The present study evaluated the in vitro effects of imatinib on gastric cancer cells and determined the molecular mechanism underlying these effects. We determined that imatinib induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). We also found that imatinib suppressed cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis revealed that imatinib-treated AGS cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, imatinib-treated cells exhibited increased levels of phosphorylated JNK, and of the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein, an ER stress-associated apoptotic molecule. Results of cell viability assays revealed that treatment with a combination of imatinib and chemotherapy agents irinotecan or 5-Fu synergistically inhibited cell growth, compared with treatment with any of these drugs alone. These data indicated that imatinib exerted cytotoxic effects on gastric cancer cells by inducing apoptosis mediated by reactive oxygen species generation and ER stress-associated JNK activation. Furthermore, we revealed that imatinib induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling. Collectively, our results strongly support the use of imatinib in the treatment of treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Lim Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Na
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeong
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
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Pravalika K, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Vats K, Saraf J, Wanve M, Kalia K, Borah A, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Trigonelline therapy confers neuroprotection by reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase expression in animal model of ischemic stroke. Life Sci 2018; 216:49-58. [PMID: 30414429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Stroke is devastating with a limited choice of intervention. Many pharmacological entities are available but none of them have evolved successfully in counteracting the multifaceted molecular alterations following stroke. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been reported to play an important role in neuroinflammation following neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, using it as a therapeutic target may be a strategy to confer neuroprotection in stroke. Trigonelline (TG), a plant alkaloid has shown neuroprotective effects in the past. Here we explore its neuroprotective effects and its role in glutathione mediated MPO inhibition in ischemic stroke. METHODS An in silico study was performed to confirm effective TG and MPO interaction. An in vitro evaluation of toxicity with biochemical estimations was performed. Further, in vivo studies were undertaken where rats were treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg TG or standard MPO inhibiting drug4‑Aminobenzoic hydrazide (4‑ABH) at 60 min prior, post immediate and an hour post 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 24 h reperfusion. Rats were evaluated for neurodeficit and motor function tests. Brains were further harvested for infarct size evaluation, biochemical analysis, and western blot experiments. KEY FINDINGS TG at 100 mg/kg dose i.p. administered immediately post ischemia confers neuroprotection by reducing cerebral infarct with improvement in motor and neurodeficit scores. Furthermore, elevated nitrite and MDA levels were also found to be reduced in brain regions in the treated group. TG also potentiated intrinsic antioxidant status and markedly inhibited reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase expression in the cortical brain region. SIGNIFICANCE TG confers neuroprotection by reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase inhibition in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanchan Vats
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Fortenbery GW, Sarathy B, Carraway KR, Mansfield KD. Hypoxic stabilization of mRNA is HIF-independent but requires mtROS. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:48. [PMID: 30305827 PMCID: PMC6172842 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue ischemia can arise in response to numerous physiologic and pathologic conditions. The cellular response to decreased perfusion, most notably a decrease in glucose and oxygen, is important for cellular survival. In response to oxygen deprivation or hypoxia, one of the key response elements is hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and a key protein induced by hypoxia is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Under hypoxia, we and others have reported an increase in the half-life of VEGF and other hypoxia related mRNAs including MYC and CYR61; however, the mediator of this response has yet to be identified. For this study, we sought to determine if HIF-mediated transcriptional activity is involved in the mRNA stabilization induced by hypoxia. Methods HEK293T or C6 cells were cultured in either normoxic or hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions in the presence of 1 g/L glucose for all experiments. Pharmacological treatments were used to mimic hypoxia (desferroxamine, dimethyloxaloglutamate, CoCl2), inhibit mitochondrial respiration (rotenone, myxothiazol), scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS; ebselen), or generate mitochondrial ROS (antimycin A). siRNAs were used to knock down components of the HIF transcriptional apparatus. mRNA half-life was determined via actinomycin D decay and real time PCR and western blotting was used to determine mRNA and protein levels respectively. Results Treatment of HEK293T or C6 cells with hypoxic mimetics, desferroxamine, dimethyloxaloglutamate, or CoCl2 showed similar induction of HIF compared to hypoxia treatment, however, in contrast to hypoxia, the mimetics caused no significant increase in VEGF, MYC or CYR61 mRNA half-life. Knockdown of HIF-alpha or ARNT via siRNA also had no effect on hypoxic mRNA stabilization. Interestingly, treatment of HEK293T cells with the mitochondrial inhibitors rotenone and myxothiazol, or the glutathione peroxidase mimetic ebselen did prevent the hypoxic stabilization of VEGF, MYC, and CYR61, suggesting a role for mtROS in the process. Additionally, treatment with antimycin A, which has been shown to generate mtROS, was able to drive the normoxic stabilization of these mRNAs. Conclusion Overall these data suggest that hypoxic mRNA stabilization is independent of HIF transcriptional activity but requires mtROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grey W Fortenbery
- 1Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Brinda Sarathy
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Kristen R Carraway
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Kyle D Mansfield
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
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Şimşek G, Vaughan-Jones RD, Swietach P, Kandilci HB. Recovery from hypoxia-induced internalization of cardiac Na + /H + exchanger 1 requires an adequate intracellular store of antioxidants. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4681-4694. [PMID: 30191998 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The heart is highly active metabolically but relatively underperfused and, therefore, vulnerable to ischemia. In addition to acidosis, a key component of ischemia is hypoxia that can modulate gene expression and protein function as part of an adaptive or even maladaptive response. Here, using cardiac-derived HL-1 cells, we investigate the effect of various hypoxic stimuli on the expression and activity of Na+ /H + exchanger 1 (NHE1), a principal regulator of intracellular pH. Acute (10 min) anoxia produced a reversible decrease in the sarcolemmal NHE1 activity attributable to NHE1 internalization. Treatment with either 1% O 2 or dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG; 1 mM) for 48-hr stabilized hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and reduced the sarcolemmal NHE1 activity by internalization, but without a change in total NHE1 immunoreactivity or message levels of the coding gene ( SLC9A1) determined in whole-cell lysates. Unlike the effect of DMOG, which was rapidly reversed on washout, reoxygenation after a prolonged period of hypoxia did not reverse the effects on NHE1, unless media were also supplemented with a membrane-permeant derivative of glutathione (GSH). Without a prior hypoxic episode, GSH supplementation had no effect on the NHE1 activity. Thus, posthypoxic NHE1 reinsertion can only take place if cells have a sufficient reservoir of a reducing agent. We propose that oxidative stress under prolonged hypoxia depletes intracellular GSH to an extent that curtails NHE1 reinsertion once the hypoxic stimulus is withdrawn. This effect may be cardioprotective, as rapid postischaemic restoration of the NHE1 activity is known to trigger reperfusion injury by producing an intracellular Na + -overload, which is proarrhythmogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Şimşek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - H Burak Kandilci
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Stanica L, Gheorghiu M, Stan M, Polonschii C, David S, Bratu D, Dinischiotu A, Supuran CT, Gheorghiu E. Quantitative assessment of specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitors effect on hypoxic cells using electrical impedance assays. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1079-1090. [PMID: 28783982 PMCID: PMC6010035 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1355306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an important orchestrator of hypoxic tumour environment, associated with tumour progression, high incidence of metastasis and poor response to therapy. Due to its tumour specificity and involvement in associated pathological processes: tumourigenesis, angiogenesis, inhibiting CA IX enzymatic activity has become a valid therapeutic option. Dynamic cell-based biosensing platforms can complement cell-free and end-point analyses and supports the process of design and selection of potent and selective inhibitors. In this context, we assess the effectiveness of recently emerged CA IX inhibitors (sulphonamides and sulphocoumarins) and their antitumour potential using an electrical impedance spectroscopy biosensing platform. The analysis allows discriminating between the inhibitory capacities of the compounds and their inhibition mechanisms. Microscopy and biochemical assays complemented the analysis and validated impedance findings establishing a powerful biosensing tool for the evaluation of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors potency, effective for the screening and design of anticancer pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Stanica
- a International Centre of Biodynamics , Bucharest , Romania.,b Faculty of Biology , University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | - Miruna Stan
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology , University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | - Sorin David
- a International Centre of Biodynamics , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Dumitru Bratu
- a International Centre of Biodynamics , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology , University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- d Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy
| | - Eugen Gheorghiu
- a International Centre of Biodynamics , Bucharest , Romania.,b Faculty of Biology , University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
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Heng S, Zhang X, Pei J, Abell AD. A Rationally Designed Reversible 'Turn-Off' Sensor for Glutathione. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7030036. [PMID: 28878194 PMCID: PMC5618042 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine (GSH) plays a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis in biological systems and a decrease in its cellular levels is associated with diseases. Existing fluorescence-based chemosensors for GSH acts as irreversible reaction-based probes that exhibit a maximum fluorescence (‘turn-on’) once the reaction is complete, regardless of the actual concentration of GSH. A reversible, reaction-based ‘turn-off’ probe (1) is reported here to sense the decreasing levels of GSH, a situation known to occur at the onset of various diseases. The more fluorescent merocyanine (MC) isomer of 1 exists in aqueous solution and this reacts with GSH to induce formation of the ring-closed spiropyran (SP) isomer, with a measurable decrease in absorbance and fluorescence (‘turn-off’). Sensor 1 has good aqueous solubility and shows an excellent selectivity for GSH over other biologically relevant metal ions and aminothiol analytes. The sensor permeates HEK 293 cells and an increase in fluorescence is observed on adding buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Heng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jinxin Pei
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
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Armiñán A, Mendes L, Carrola J, Movellan J, Vicent MJ, Duarte IF. HIF-1α inhibition by diethylstilbestrol and its polyacetal conjugate in hypoxic prostate tumour cells: insights from NMR metabolomics. J Drug Target 2017; 25:845-855. [PMID: 28737429 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1358728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have employed 1H NMR metabolomics to assess the metabolic responses of PC3 prostate tumour cells to hypoxia and to pharmacological HIF-1α inhibition by DES or its polyacetal conjugate tert-DES. Oxygen deprivation prompted a number of changes in intracellular composition and metabolic activity, mainly reflecting upregulated glycolysis, amino acid catabolism and other compensatory mechanisms used by hypoxic cells to deal with oxidative imbalance and energy deficit. Cell treatment with a non-cytotoxic concentration of DES, under hypoxia, triggered significant changes in 17 metabolites. Among these, lactate, phosphocreatine and reduced glutathione, whose levels showed opposite variations in hypoxic and drug-treated cells, emerged as possible markers of DES-induced HIF-1α inhibition. Furthermore, the free drug had a much higher impact on the cellular metabolome than tert-DES, particularly concerning polyamine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways, known to be tightly involved in cell proliferation and growth. This is likely due to the different cell pharmacokinetics observed between free and conjugated DES. Overall, this study has revealed a number of unanticipated metabolic changes that inform on DES and tert-DES direct cellular effects, providing further insight into their mode of action at the biochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Armiñán
- a Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Luís Mendes
- b Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Joana Carrola
- b Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Julie Movellan
- a Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Valencia , Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- a Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Iola F Duarte
- b Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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Sgarbi G, Gorini G, Costanzini A, Barbato S, Solaini G, Baracca A. Hypoxia decreases ROS level in human fibroblasts. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:133-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Hsieh CH, Lin YJ, Chen WL, Huang YC, Chang CW, Cheng FC, Liu RS, Shyu WC. HIF-1α triggers long-lasting glutamate excitotoxicity via system x c- in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. J Pathol 2016; 241:337-349. [PMID: 27801527 DOI: 10.1002/path.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) controls many genes involved in physiological and pathological processes. However, its roles in glutamatergic transmission and excitotoxicity are unclear. Here, we proposed that HIF-1α might contribute to glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity during cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion (CIR) and investigated its molecular mechanism. We showed that an HIF-1α conditional knockout mouse displayed an inhibition in CIR-induced elevation of extracellular glutamate and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation. By gene screening for glutamate transporters in cortical cells, we found that HIF-1α mainly regulates the cystine-glutamate transporter (system xc- ) subunit xCT by directly binding to its promoter; xCT and its function are up-regulated in the ischaemic brains of rodents and humans, and the effects lasted for several days. Genetic deletion of xCT in cortical cells of mice inhibits either oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGDR) or CIR-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Pharmaceutical inhibition of system xc- by a clinically approved anti-cancer drug, sorafenib, improves infarct volume and functional outcome in rodents with CIR and its therapeutic window is at least 3 days. Taken together, these findings reveal that HIF-1α plays a role in CIR-induced glutamate excitotoxicity via the long-lasting activation of system xc- -dependent glutamate outflow and suggest that system xc- is a promising therapeutic target with an extended therapeutic window in stroke. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402.,Aging Medicine Program, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, No 500, Lioufeng Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 41354
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402
| | - Wei-Ling Chen
- Aging Medicine Program, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402
| | - Yen-Chih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- National PET/Cyclotron Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No 201, Shipai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 11217
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung, Taiwan, 40705
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- National PET/Cyclotron Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No 201, Shipai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 11217
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University and Hospital, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402
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Zandberg L, van Dyk HC, van der Westhuizen FH, van Dijk AA. A 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficient human skin fibroblast transcriptome reveals underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:116-129. [PMID: 27417235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Isolated 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease of leucine catabolism with a highly variable phenotype. Apart from extensive mutation analyses of the MCCC1 and MCCC2 genes encoding 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4), molecular data on MCC deficiency gene expression studies in human tissues is lacking. For IEMs, unbiased '-omics' approaches are starting to reveal the secondary cellular responses to defects in biochemical pathways. Here we present the first whole genome expression profile of immortalized cultured skin fibroblast cells of two clinically affected MCC deficient patients and two healthy individuals generated using Affymetrix(®)HuExST1.0 arrays. There were 16191 significantly differentially expressed transcript IDs of which 3591 were well annotated and present in the predefined knowledge database of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software used for downstream functional analyses. The most noticeable feature of this MCCA deficient skin fibroblast transcriptome was the typical genetic hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased antioxidant response and disruption of energy homeostasis, which was confirmed by mitochondrial functional analyses. The MCC deficient transcriptome seems to predict oxidative stress that could alter the complex secondary cellular response that involve genes of the glycolysis, the TCA cycle, OXPHOS, gluconeogenesis, β-oxidation and the branched-chain fatty acid metabolism. An important emerging insight from this human MCCA transcriptome in combination with previous reports is that chronic exposure to the primary and secondary metabolites of MCC deficiency and the resulting oxidative stress might impact adversely on the quality of life and energy levels, irrespective of whether MCC deficient individuals are clinically affected or asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zandberg
- Biochemistry Division, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - H C van Dyk
- Biochemistry Division, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - F H van der Westhuizen
- Biochemistry Division, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - A A van Dijk
- Biochemistry Division, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Zhang B, Peng X, Li G, Xu Y, Xia X, Wang Q. Oxidative stress is involved in Patulin induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Toxicon 2015; 94:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fischer C, Leithner K, Wohlkoenig C, Quehenberger F, Bertsch A, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Hrzenjak A. Panobinostat reduces hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells via HIF-1α destabilization. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:4. [PMID: 25608569 PMCID: PMC4320451 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), however, its positive effects are diminished under hypoxia. We wanted to determine if co-treatment with cisplatin and histone deacetalyse (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat can reduce hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, and to elucidate mechanism involved. METHODS Expression status of different HDACS was determined in two cell lines and in tumor tissue from 20 patients. Cells were treated with cisplatin, panobinostat, or with combination of both under normoxic and hypoxic (1% O(2)) conditions. Cell cycle, viability, acetylation of histones, and activation of apoptosis were determined. HIF-1α stability and its interaction with HDAC4 were analyzed. RESULTS Most class I and II HDACs were expressed in NSCLC cells and tumor samples. Co-treatment of tumor cells with cisplatin and panobinostat decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis more efficiently than in primary, non-malignant bronchial epithelial cells. Co-treatment induced apoptosis by causing chromatin fragmentation, activation of caspases-3 and 7 and PARP cleavage. Toxic effects were more pronounced under hypoxic conditions. Co-treatment resulted in destabilization and degradation of HIF-1α and HDAC4, a protein responsible for acetylation and de/stabilization of HIF-1α. Direct interaction between HDAC4 and HIF-1α proteins in H23 cells was detected. CONCLUSIONS Here we show that hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance can be overcome by combining cisplatin with panobinostat, a potent HDAC inhibitor. These findings may contribute to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andelko Hrzenjak
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
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Crean D, Bellwon P, Aschauer L, Limonciel A, Moenks K, Hewitt P, Schmidt T, Herrgen K, Dekant W, Lukas A, Bois F, Wilmes A, Jennings P, Leonard MO. Development of an in vitro renal epithelial disease state model for xenobiotic toxicity testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 30:128-37. [PMID: 25536518 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing impetus to develop more accurate, predictive and relevant in vitro models of renal xenobiotic exposure. As part of the EU-FP7, Predict-IV project, a major aim was to develop models that recapitulate not only normal tissue physiology but also aspects of disease conditions that exist as predisposing risk factors for xenobiotic toxicity. Hypoxia, as a common micro-environmental alteration associated with pathophysiology in renal disease, was investigated for its effect on the toxicity profile of a panel of 14 nephrotoxins, using the human proximal tubular epithelial RPTECT/TERT1 cell line. Changes in ATP, glutathione and resazurin reduction, after 14 days of daily repeat exposure, revealed a number of compounds, including adefovir dipivoxil with enhanced toxicity in hypoxia. We observed intracellular accumulation of adefovir in hypoxia and suggest decreases in the efflux transport proteins MRP4, MRP5, NHERF1 and NHERF3 as a possible explanation. MRP5 and NHERF3 were also down-regulated upon treatment with the HIF-1 activator, dimethyloxalylglycine. Interestingly, adefovir dependent gene expression shifted from alterations in cell cycle gene expression to an inflammatory response in hypoxia. The ability to investigate aspects of disease states and their influence on renal toxin handling is a key advantage of in vitro systems developed here. They also allow for detailed investigations into mechanisms of compound toxicity of potential importance for compromised tissue exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crean
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia Bellwon
- Institut fuer Toxikologie, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Aschauer
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Alice Limonciel
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Konrad Moenks
- Emergentec Biodevelopment GmbH, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Philip Hewitt
- Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, Nonclinical Safety, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institut fuer Toxikologie, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karin Herrgen
- Institut fuer Toxikologie, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dekant
- Institut fuer Toxikologie, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arno Lukas
- Emergentec Biodevelopment GmbH, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Frederic Bois
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne Cedex 60205, France
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Martin O Leonard
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Gonchar OA. Mitochondrial thiol-disulfide system under acute hypoxia and hypoxic-hyperoxic adaptation. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside modulates intracellular redox status and prevents HIF-1 stabilization in endothelial cells in vitro exposed to chronic hypoxia. Toxicol Lett 2014; 226:206-13. [PMID: 24518827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The term hypoxia refers to conditions characterized by a relative restriction of oxygen supply. It is usually associated to a paradoxical overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to the activation of several transcription factors, including HIF-1α, which in turn trigger angiogenic and apoptotic response. In this study we have investigated the mechanisms by which the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) modulates hypoxia induced response in human endothelial cells (HUVECs). In fact, hypoxia induces an increase of ROS generation in HUVECs paralleled by a loss of antioxidant cellular capacity. According to the observed increase of HO-1 mRNA expression, pretreatment of C3G to HUVEC reduces the entity of oxidative stress thanks to the activation of cellular antioxidant response. C3G also attenuates HIF-1α protein accumulation conditions supporting the hypothesis of a major role of oxidative stress in the presence of low oxygen. Furthermore, the increased expression of angiogenesis and apoptosis markers (MMP-2 and caspase-3) due to HIF-1α activation by hypoxia is reduced in C3G pretreated cells. Overall, our data suggest that the modulation of intracellular redox status induced by C3G may be an important protective mechanism against endothelial damage in hypoxic conditions.
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Guidoni L, Ricci-Vitiani L, Rosi A, Palma A, Grande S, Luciani AM, Pelacchi F, di Martino S, Colosimo C, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Pallini R, Viti V. 1H NMR detects different metabolic profiles in glioblastoma stem-like cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:129-145. [PMID: 24142746 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic profiles of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) growing in neurospheres were examined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Spectra of two GSC lines, labelled 1 and 83, from tumours close to the subventricular zone of the temporal lobe were studied in detail and compared with those of neural stem/progenitor cells from the adult olfactory bulb (OB-NPCs) and of the T98G glioblastoma cell line. In both GSCs, signals from myoinositol (Myo-I), UDP-hexosamines (UDP-Hex) and glycine indicated an astrocyte/glioma metabolism. For line 1, the presence of signals from N-acetyl aspartate, GABA and creatine pointed to a neuronal fingerprint. These metabolites were almost absent from line 83 spectra, whereas lipid signals, absent from normal neural lineages, were intense in line 83 spectra and remained low in those of line 1, irrespective of apoptotic fate. Spectra of OB-NPC cells displayed strong similarities with those from line 1, with low lipid signals and clearly detectable neuronal signals. In contrast, the spectral profile of line 83 was more similar to that of T98G, displaying high lipids and nearly complete absence of the neuronal markers. A mixed neural-astrocyte metabolic phenotype with a strong neuronal fingerprint was therefore found in line 1, while an astrocytic/glioma-like metabolism prevailed in line 83. We found a signal assigned to the amide proton of N-acetyl galactosamine in GSC lines and in OB-NPC spectra, whereas it was absent from those of T98G cells. This signal may be related to a stem-cell-specific protein glycosylation pattern and is therefore suggested as a marker of cell multipotency. Other GSC lines from patients with different clinical outcomes were then examined. Unsupervised analysis of spectral data from 13 lines yielded two clusters, with six lines resembling spectral features of line 1 and seven resembling those of line 83, suggesting that distinct metabolic phenotypes may be present in GSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guidoni
- Department of Technology and Health and INFN Sanità Group, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Dehne N, Brüne B. Sensors, transmitters, and targets in mitochondrial oxygen shortage-a hypoxia-inducible factor relay story. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:339-52. [PMID: 22794181 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cells sense and respond to a shortage of oxygen by activating the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 and evoking adaptive responses. RECENT ADVANCES Mitochondria are at the center of a hypoxia sensing and responding relay system. CRITICAL ISSUES Under normoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are HIF activators. As their individual flux rates determine their diffusion-controlled interaction, predictions how these radicals affect HIF appear context-dependent. Considering that the oxygen requirement for NO formation limits its role in activating HIF to conditions of ambient oxygen tension. Given the central role of mitochondrial complex IV as a NO target, especially under hypoxia, allows inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by NO to spare oxygen thus, raising the threshold for HIF activation. HIF targets seem to configure a feedback-signaling circuit aimed at gradually adjusting mitochondrial function. In hypoxic cancer cells, mitochondria redirect Krebs cycle intermediates to preserve their biosynthetic ability. Persistent HIF activation lowers the entry of electron-delivering compounds into mitochondria to reduce Krebs cycle fueling and β-oxidation, attenuates the expression of electron transport chain components, limits mitochondria biosynthesis, and provokes their removal by autophagy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mitochondria can be placed central in a hypoxia sensing-hypoxia responding circuit. We need to determine to which extent and how mitochondria contribute to sense hypoxia, explore whether modulating their oxygen-consuming capacity redirects hypoxic responses in in vivo relevant disease conditions, and elucidate how the multiple HIF targets in mitochondria shape conditions of acute versus chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dehne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
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Iommarini L, Kurelac I, Capristo M, Calvaruso MA, Giorgio V, Bergamini C, Ghelli A, Nanni P, De Giovanni C, Carelli V, Fato R, Lollini PL, Rugolo M, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Different mtDNA mutations modify tumor progression in dependence of the degree of respiratory complex I impairment. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1453-66. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Ohta A, Madasu M, Subramanian M, Kini R, Jones G, Choukèr A, Ohta A, Sitkovsky M. Hypoxia-induced and A2A adenosine receptor-independent T-cell suppression is short lived and easily reversible. Int Immunol 2013; 26:83-91. [PMID: 24150242 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia plays a key role in establishing an immunosuppressive environment in vivo by, among other effects, increasing the level of extracellular adenosine, which then signals through A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) to elicit its immunosuppressive effect. Although the important role of the adenosine--A2AR interaction in limiting inflammation has been established, the current study revisited this issue by asking whether hypoxia can also exert its T-cell inhibitory effects even without A2AR. A similar degree of hypoxia-triggered inhibition was observed in wild-type and A2AR-deficient T cells both in vitro and, after exposure of mice to a hypoxic atmosphere, in vivo. This A2AR-independent hypoxic T-cell suppression was qualitatively and mechanistically different from immunosuppression by A2AR stimulation. The A2AR-independent hypoxic immunosuppression strongly reduced T-cell proliferation, while IFN-γ-producing activity was more susceptible to the A2AR-dependent inhibition. In contrast to the sustained functional impairment after A2AR-mediated T-cell inhibition, the A2AR-independent inhibition under hypoxia was short lived, as evidenced by the quick recovery of IFN-γ-producing activity upon re-stimulation. These data support the view that T-cell inhibition by hypoxia can be mediated by multiple mechanisms and that both A2AR and key molecules in the A2AR-independent T-cell inhibition should be targeted to overcome the hypoxia-related immunosuppression in infected tissues and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Ohta
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kaminsky YG, Reddy VP, Ashraf GM, Ahmad A, Benberin VV, Kosenko EA, Aliev G. Age-related defects in erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate metabolism in dementia. Aging Dis 2013; 4:244-55. [PMID: 24124630 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2013.0400244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common dementing illness. Metabolic defects in the brain with aging contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. These changes can be found systematically and thus can be used as potential biomarkers. Erythrocytes (RBCs) are passive "reporter cells" that are not well studied in AD. In the present study, we analyzed an array of glycolytic and related enzymes and intermediates in RBCs from patients with AD and non-Alzheimer dementia (NA), age-matched controls (AC) and young adult controls (YC). AD is characterized by higher activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and bisphosphoglycerate mutase and bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase in RBCs. In our study, we observed that glycolytic and related enzymes displayed significantly lower activities in AC. However, similar or significantly higher activities were observed in AD and NA groups as compared to YC group. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels were significantly decreased in AD and NA patients. The pattern of changes between groups in the above indices strongly correlates with each other. Collectively, our data suggested that AD and NA patients are associated with chronic disturbance of 2,3-DPG metabolism in RBCs. These defects may play a pivotal role in physiological processes, which predispose elderly subjects to AD and NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury G Kaminsky
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
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The expression of redox proteins in phyllodes tumor. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 141:365-74. [PMID: 24068538 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between the expression of redox-related proteins which regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the histologic factors in phyllodes tumor (PT). We used tissue microarrays to analyze 193 PTs and performed immunohistochemical staining against five redox-related proteins including catalase, thioredoxin reductase (TxNR), glutathione S-transferase π (GST π), thioredoxin interacting protein (TxNIP), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). We then compared the immunohistochemical results and histologic parameters. The 193 PTs were classified as benign (n = 145, 75.1 %), borderline (n = 33, 17.1 %), and malignant (n = 15, 7.8 %). With worsening histologic grade, the expression of catalase, TxNR, TxNIP, and MnSOD in the stromal component increased (P < 0.001), and GST π and MnSOD expression in the epithelial component increased (P = 0.014, and 0.038). Significant associations were found between the expression of catalse-TxNR, catalase-TxNIP, catalase-MnSOD, TxNR-TxNIP, TxNR-MnSOD, and TxNIP-MnSOD in both the epithelial and stromal components (P < 0.05). This study confirmed that the stromal expression of catalase, TxNR, TxNIP, and MnSOD increased with worsening histologic grade in PT, reflecting the change in ROS production during the malignant transformation of PT.
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Agbo SO, Keinänen M, Keski-Saari S, Lemmetyinen J, Akkanen J, Leppänen MT, Mayer P, Kukkonen JVK. Changes in Lumbriculus variegatus metabolites under hypoxic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, chlorpyrifos and pentachlorophenol: consequences on biotransformation. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:302-310. [PMID: 23742893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of endogenous metabolites is still not fully understood in aquatic invertebrates exposed concurrently to toxicants and hypoxia. Despite the prevalence of hypoxia in the aquatic environment, toxicity estimations seldom account for multiple stressors thereby differing from natural conditions. In this study, we examined the influence of hypoxia (<30% O2) on contaminant uptake and the composition of intracellular metabolites in Lumbriculus variegatus exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P, 3μgL(-1)), chlorpyrifos (CPF, 100μgL(-1)) or pentachlorophenol (PCP, 100μgL(-1)). Tissue extracts of worms were analyzed for 123 metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and metabolite levels were then related to treatments and exposure time. Hypoxia markedly increased the accumulation of B(a)P and CPF, which underlines the significance of oxygen in chemical uptake. The oxygen effect on PCP uptake was less pronounced. Succinate and glycerol-3-phosphate increased significantly (p<0.0001) following hypoxic treatment, whereas sugars, cysteine, and cholesterol were effectively repressed. The buildup of succinate coupled with the corresponding decline in intracellular 2-oxo- and 2-hydroxy glutaric acid is indicative of an active hypoxia inducible factor mechanism. Glutamate, and TCA cycle intermediates (fumarate, and malate) were disturbed and evident in their marked suppression in worms exposed concurrently to hypoxia and PCP. Clearly, hypoxia was the dominant stressor for individuals exposed to B(a)P or CPF, but to a lesser extent upon PCP treatment. And since oxygen deprivation promotes the accumulation of different toxicants, there may be consequences on species composition of metabolites in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley O Agbo
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
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