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Qin Y, Zhao W, Jia Z, Bauman WA, Peng Y, Guo XE, Chen Z, He Z, Cardozo CP, Wang D, Qin W. Neuroprotective macromolecular methylprednisolone prodrug nanomedicine prevents glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and osteoporosis in a rat model of spinal cord injury. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 62:102773. [PMID: 38960364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
To address the adverse side effects associated with systemic high-dose methylprednisolone (MP) therapy for acute spinal cord injury (SCI), we have developed a N-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide copolymer-based MP prodrug nanomedicine (Nano-MP). Intravenous Nano-MP selectively targeted to the inflamed SCI lesion and significantly improved neuroprotection and functional recovery after acute SCI. In the present study, we comprehensively assessed the potential adverse side effects associated with the treatment in the SCI rat models, including reduced body weight and food intake, impaired glucose metabolism, and reduced musculoskeletal mass and integrity. In contrast to free MP treatment, intravenous Nano-MP after acute SCI not only offered superior neuroprotection and functional recovery but also significantly mitigated or even eliminated the aforementioned adverse side effects. The superior safety features of Nano-MP observed in this study further confirmed the clinical translational potential of Nano-MP as a highly promising drug candidate for better clinical management of patients with acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Qin
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; GCM Grosvenor, New York, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William A Bauman
- Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanzhen Peng
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - X Edward Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zihao Chen
- Departments of Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhiming He
- College of Dentistry, New York University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Weiping Qin
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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Leszczyńska D, Szatko A, Papierska L, Zgliczyński W, Glinicki P. Musculoskeletal complications of Cushing syndrome. Reumatologia 2023; 61:271-282. [PMID: 37745145 PMCID: PMC10515123 DOI: 10.5114/reum/169889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to an excess of glucocorticosteroids (GCs), both endogenous and exogenous, leads to a wide range of comorbidities, including cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and musculoskeletal disorders. The latter comprise osteopenia and osteoporosis leading to skeletal fractures and myopathy. Although endogenous hypercortisolemia is a rare disorder, GCs are among the most frequently prescribed drugs, often administered chronically and despite multiple side effects, impossible to taper off due to therapeutic reasons. The pathophysiology of the effect of GC excess on bone often leads to fractures despite normal or low-normal bone mineral density and it includes direct (mainly disturbance in bone formation processes, through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway) and indirect mechanisms (through suppressing the gonadal and somatotrophic axis, and also through antagonizing vitamin D actions). Glucocorticosteroid-induced fast-twitch, glycolytic muscles atrophy occurs due to increased protein catabolism and impaired synthesis. Protein degradation is a result of activation of the ubiquitin proteasome and the lysosomes stimulated through overexpression of several atrogenes (such as FOXO-1 and atrogin-1). This review will discuss pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of GC-induced osteoporosis (including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and bisphosphonates) and myopathy associated with GC excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Leszczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Szatko
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Papierska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zgliczyński
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Glinicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Macedo AG, Almeida TAF, Massini DA, De Paula VF, De Oliveira DM, Pessôa Filho DM. Effects of exercise training on glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy: literature review. Steroids 2023; 195:109240. [PMID: 37061112 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) administration, such as cortisol acetate (CA) and dexamethasone (DEXA), is used worldwide due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunosuppressive properties. However, muscle atrophy is one of the primary deleterious induced responses from the chronic treatment with GCs since it stimulates muscle degradation inhibiting muscle protein synthesis. Animal models allow a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in this process of gene modulation and production of hypertrophic and atrophic proteins. The treatment with GCs, such as DEXA, promotes the reduction of hypertrophic proteins such as serine/threonine tyrosine kinase (AKT), protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and increased gene expression or production of atrophic proteins, such as myostatin, muscle atrophic F-box (atrogin-1), or muscle ring finger protein-1 (MuRF-1). In both continuous exercise (CE) and resistance exercise (RE) forms, exercise training is used to mitigate muscle atrophy induced by GCs. The CE attenuated muscle atrophy induced by CA or DEXA in the plantaris and extensor digitorum longus muscle, while RE mitigated the DEXA-induced atrophy in plantaris and flexor hallux longus muscles. The RE response appears to have occurred by modulation of hypertrophic proteins through increased protein production or phosphorylated/total ratio of mTOR and p70S6K and decreased atrophic protein production of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. CE needs future research to understand the molecular pathways of its protective response. Abreviations: GCs, glucocorticoids; CA, cortisol acetate. DEXA, dexamethason; ET, exercise training; CE, continuous exercise; RE, resistance exercise; AKT, serine/threonine tyrosine kinase; mTOR, protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase; FOXO3A, forkead box 3A; atrogin-1, muscle atrophic F-box; MuRF-1, muscle ring finger protein; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; IGF-I, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate; REDD1, regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; Smad2, Cytoplasmic Smad2; Smad3, Cytoplasmic Smad3; CS, Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson G Macedo
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Tiago A F Almeida
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Danilo A Massini
- Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius F De Paula
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235 Monjolinho, 676, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - David M De Oliveira
- Federal University Jataí, Department of Physical Education, km 195, 3900, Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Dalton M Pessôa Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil
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4
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Webster JM, Waaijenberg K, van de Worp WRPH, Kelders MCJM, Lambrichts S, Martin C, Verhaegen F, Van der Heyden B, Smith C, Lavery GG, Schols AMWJ, Hardy RS, Langen RCJ. 11β-HSD1 determines the extent of muscle atrophy in a model of acute exacerbation of COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L400-L412. [PMID: 36807882 PMCID: PMC10027082 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00009.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is an extrapulmonary complication of acute exacerbations (AE) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The endogenous production and therapeutic application of glucocorticoids (GCs) have been implicated as drivers of muscle loss in AE-COPD. The enzyme 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) activates GCs and contributes toward GC-induced muscle wasting. To explore the potential of 11βHSD1 inhibition to prevent muscle wasting here, the objective of this study was to ascertain the contribution of endogenous GC activation and amplification by 11βHSD1 in skeletal muscle wasting during AE-COPD. Emphysema was induced by intratracheal (IT) instillation of elastase to model COPD in WT and 11βHSD1/KO mice, followed by vehicle or IT-LPS administration to mimic AE. µCT scans were obtained prior and at study endpoint 48 h following IT-LPS, to assess emphysema development and muscle mass changes, respectively. Plasma cytokine and GC profiles were determined by ELISA. In vitro, myonuclear accretion and cellular response to plasma and GCs were determined in C2C12 and human primary myotubes. Muscle wasting was exacerbated in LPS-11βHSD1/KO animals compared with WT controls. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed elevated catabolic and suppressed anabolic pathways in muscle of LPS-11βHSD1/KO animals relative to WTs. Plasma corticosterone levels were higher in LPS-11βHSD1/KO animals, whereas C2C12 myotubes treated with LPS-11βHSD1/KO plasma or exogenous GCs displayed reduced myonuclear accretion relative to WT counterparts. This study reveals that 11β-HSD1 inhibition aggravates muscle wasting in a model of AE-COPD, suggesting that therapeutic inhibition of 11β-HSD1 may not be appropriate to prevent muscle wasting in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Webster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelsy Waaijenberg
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter R P H van de Worp
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C J M Kelders
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Lambrichts
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Martin
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Verhaegen
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Brent Van der Heyden
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Smith
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rowan S Hardy
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Araki H, Hino S, Anan K, Kuribayashi K, Etoh K, Seko D, Takase R, Kohrogi K, Hino Y, Ono Y, Araki E, Nakao M. LSD1 defines the fiber type-selective responsiveness to environmental stress in skeletal muscle. eLife 2023; 12:84618. [PMID: 36695573 PMCID: PMC9876571 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity in response to environmental cues, with stress-dependent effects on the fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibers. Although stress-induced gene expression underlies environmental adaptation, it is unclear how transcriptional and epigenetic factors regulate fiber type-specific responses in the muscle. Here, we show that flavin-dependent lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) differentially controls responses to glucocorticoid and exercise in postnatal skeletal muscle. Using skeletal muscle-specific LSD1-knockout mice and in vitro approaches, we found that LSD1 loss exacerbated glucocorticoid-induced atrophy in the fast fiber-dominant muscles, with reduced nuclear retention of Foxk1, an anti-autophagic transcription factor. Furthermore, LSD1 depletion enhanced endurance exercise-induced hypertrophy in the slow fiber-dominant muscles, by induced expression of ERRγ, a transcription factor that promotes oxidative metabolism genes. Thus, LSD1 serves as an 'epigenetic barrier' that optimizes fiber type-specific responses and muscle mass under the stress conditions. Our results uncover that LSD1 modulators provide emerging therapeutic and preventive strategies against stress-induced myopathies such as sarcopenia, cachexia, and disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Araki
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kotaro Anan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kanji Kuribayashi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kan Etoh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Daiki Seko
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | - Ryuta Takase
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kensaku Kohrogi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuko Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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6
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Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Derived from Ishige okamurae Improves Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Muscle Atrophy Induced by Dexamethasone in an In-Vivo Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040719. [PMID: 35456553 PMCID: PMC9026865 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass, myofiber size, and related physical functions such as walking speed or grip strength caused by aging or a lack of physical activity due to injury or illness and can also be attributed to excessive exposure to corticosteroids. Ishige okamurae (IO) and its active component, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), have been known to improve glucose homeostasis by controlling the contraction of skeletal muscles. Based on this idea, we hypothesized that the effects of DPHC and IO extract on muscle metabolism are associated with their role in improving muscle physical function. This study assessed the effects of DPHC or IO extract on muscle behavioral responses with their metabolic properties in muscle atrophy induced by glucocorticoids and dexamethasone (DEX) in vivo. In addition to the improvement in muscle behavioral response by DPHC or IO extract, the loss of muscle fiber and the related metabolic properties by DEX exposure in the gastrocnemius and soleus of calf muscle was prevented. These findings suggest that IO extract and its active component DPHC can potentially prevent muscle atrophy caused by exposure to corticosteroids and could be used to treat reverse skeletal atrophy.
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7
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Xiong J, Le Y, Rao Y, Zhou L, Hu Y, Guo S, Sun Y. RANKL Mediates Muscle Atrophy and Dysfunction in a Cigarette Smoke-induced Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:617-628. [PMID: 33689672 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0449oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the important comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand), a key mediator in osteoclast differentiation, was also found to play a role in skeletal muscle pathogenesis. Whether RANKL is involved in COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction is as-of-yet unknown. We examined the expression of RANKL/RANK in skeletal muscles from mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 24 weeks. Grip strength and exercise capacity as well as muscular morphology were evaluated in CS-exposed mice with or without anti-RANKL treatment. The expressions of protein synthesis- or muscle growth-related molecules (IGF-1, myogenin, and myostatin), muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligases (MuRF1 and atrogin-1), and the NF-κb inflammatory pathway were also evaluated in skeletal muscles. The effect of CS extract on RANKL/RANK expression and that of exogenous RANKL on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in C2C12 myotubes were investigated in vitro. Long-term CS exposure induced skeletal muscle dysfunction and atrophy together with upregulation of RANKL/RANK expression in a well-established mouse model of COPD. RANKL neutralization prevented skeletal muscle dysfunction and atrophy. RANKL inhibition decreased expressions of myostatin and MuRF1/Atrogin1 and suppressed the NF-κb pathway in skeletal muscles from CS-exposed mice. In in vitro experiments with C2C12 myotubes, CS extract induced expression of RANKL/RANK, and exogenous RANKL induced activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and NF-κb pathway via RANK. Our results revealed an important role of the RANKL/RANK pathway in muscle atrophy induced by CS exposure, suggesting that RANKL may be a potential therapeutic target in COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yanqing Le
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yafei Rao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yuhan Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
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Karnia MJ, Korewo D, Myślińska D, Ciepielewski ZM, Puchalska M, Konieczna-Wolska K, Kowalski K, Kaczor JJ. The Positive Impact of Vitamin D on Glucocorticoid-Dependent Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030936. [PMID: 33799389 PMCID: PMC7998166 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The study aimed to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplementation would positively affect rats with glucocorticoids-induced muscle atrophy as measured by skeletal muscle mass in two experimental conditions: chronic dexamethasone (DEX) administration and a model of the chronic stress response. (2) The study lasted 28 consecutive days and was performed on 45 male Wistar rats randomly divided into six groups. These included two groups treated by abdominal injection of DEX at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day supplemented with vegetable oil (DEX PL; n = 7) or with vitamin D3 600 IU/kg/day (DEX SUP; n = 8), respectively, and a control group treated with an abdominal injection of saline (CON; n = 6). In addition, there were two groups of rats chronically stressed by cold water immersion (1 hour/day in a glass box with 1-cm-deep ice/water mixture; temperature ~4 °C), which were supplemented with vegetable oil as a placebo (STR PL; n = 9) or vitamin D3 at 600 IU/kg/day (STR SUP; n = 9). The last group was of sham-stressed rats (SHM; n = 6). Blood, soleus, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and quadriceps femoris muscles were collected and weighed. The heart, liver, spleen, and thymus were removed and weighed immediately after sacrifice. The plasma corticosterone (CORT) and vitamin D3 metabolites were measured. (3) We found elevated CORT levels in both cold water-immersed groups; however, they did not alter body and muscle weight. Body weight and muscle loss occurred in groups with exogenously administered DEX, with the exception of the soleus muscle in rats supplemented with vitamin D3. Decreased serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in DEX-treated rats were observed, and the cold water immersion did not affect vitamin D3 levels. (4) Our results indicate that DEX-induced muscle loss was abolished in rats supplemented with vitamin D3, especially in the soleus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (M.J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Daria Korewo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (M.J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Dorota Myślińska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.M.C.); (M.P.); (K.K.-W.)
| | - Ziemowit Maciej Ciepielewski
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.M.C.); (M.P.); (K.K.-W.)
| | - Monika Puchalska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.M.C.); (M.P.); (K.K.-W.)
| | - Klaudia Konieczna-Wolska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.M.C.); (M.P.); (K.K.-W.)
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Masdiag-Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stefana Żeromskiego 33, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (M.J.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-554-72-55
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9
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Hardy RS, Raza K, Cooper MS. Therapeutic glucocorticoids: mechanisms of actions in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:133-144. [PMID: 32034322 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic glucocorticoids have been widely used in rheumatic diseases since they became available over 60 years ago. Despite the advent of more specific biologic therapies, a notable proportion of individuals with chronic rheumatic diseases continue to be treated with these drugs. Glucocorticoids are powerful, broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory agents, but their use is complicated by an equally broad range of adverse effects. The specific cellular mechanisms by which glucocorticoids have their therapeutic action have been difficult to identify, and attempts to develop more selective drugs on the basis of the action of glucocorticoids have proven difficult. The actions of glucocorticoids seem to be highly cell-type and context dependent. Despite emerging data on the effect of tissue-specific manipulation of glucocorticoid receptors in mouse models of inflammation, the cell types and intracellular targets of glucocorticoids in rheumatic diseases have not been fully identified. Although showing some signs of decline, the use of systemic glucocorticoids in rheumatology is likely to continue to be widespread, and careful consideration is required by rheumatologists to balance the beneficial effects and deleterious effects of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan S Hardy
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark S Cooper
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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10
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Watanabe H, Enoki Y, Maruyama T. Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Factors, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Interventions. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1437-1445. [PMID: 31474705 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a chronic catabolic condition, is characterized by muscle wasting and decreased muscle endurance. Many insights into the molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting in CKD have been obtained. A persistent imbalance between protein degradation and synthesis in muscle causes muscle wasting. During muscle wasting, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines are detected in muscle. These increased ROS and inflammatory cytokine levels induce the expression of myostatin. The myostatin binding to its receptor activin A receptor type IIB stimulates the expression of atrogenes such as atrogin-1 and muscle ring factor 1, members of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase family. Impaired mitochondrial function also contributes to reducing muscle endurance. The increased protein-bound uremic toxin, parathyroid hormone, glucocorticoid, and angiotensin II levels that are observed in CKD all have a negative effect on muscle mass and endurance. Among the protein-bound uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate, an indole-containing compound has the potential to induce muscle atrophy by stimulating ROS-mediated myostatin and atrogenes expression. Indoxyl sulfate also impairs mitochondrial function. Some potential therapeutic approaches based on the muscle wasting mechanisms in CKD are currently in the testing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yuki Enoki
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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11
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common side effect of most human diseases. Muscle loss is not only detrimental for the quality of life but it also dramatically impairs physiological processes of the organism and decreases the efficiency of medical treatments. While hypothesized for years, the existence of an atrophying programme common to all pathologies is still incompletely solved despite the discovery of several actors and key regulators of muscle atrophy. More than a decade ago, the discovery of a set of genes, whose expression at the mRNA levels were similarly altered in different catabolic situations, opened the way of a new concept: the presence of atrogenes, i.e. atrophy-related genes. Importantly, the atrogenes are referred as such on the basis of their mRNA content in atrophying muscles, the regulation at the protein level being sometimes more complicate to elucidate. It should be noticed that the atrogenes are markers of atrophy and that their implication as active inducers of atrophy is still an open question for most of them. While the atrogene family has grown over the years, it has mostly been incremented based on data coming from rodent models. Whether the rodent atrogenes are valid for humans still remain to be established. An "atrogene" was originally defined as a gene systematically up- or down-regulated in several catabolic situations. Even if recent works often restrict this notion to the up-regulation of a limited number of proteolytic enzymes, it is important to keep in mind the big picture view. In this review, we provide an update of the validated and potential rodent atrogenes and the metabolic pathways they belong, and based on recent work, their relevance in human physio-pathological situations. We also propose a more precise definition of the atrogenes that integrates rapid recovery when catabolic stimuli are stopped or replaced by anabolic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taillandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Cécile Polge
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Shen S, Liao Q, Liu J, Pan R, Lee SMY, Lin L. Myricanol rescues dexamethasone-induced muscle dysfunction via a sirtuin 1-dependent mechanism. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:429-444. [PMID: 30793539 PMCID: PMC6463464 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy and weakness are adverse effects of high dose or the sustained usage of glucocorticoids. Loss of mitochondria and degradation of protein are highly correlated with muscle dysfunction. The deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a vital role in muscle remodelling. The current study was designed to identify myricanol as a SIRT1 activator, which could protect skeletal muscle against dexamethasone-induced wasting. METHODS The dexamethasone-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes was evaluated by expression of myosin heavy chain, muscle atrophy F-box (atrogin-1), and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1), using western blots. The mitochondrial content and oxygen consumption were assessed by MitoTracker staining and extracellular flux analysis, respectively. Muscle dysfunction was established in male C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks old, n = 6) treated with a relatively high dose of dexamethasone (25 mg/kg body weight, i.p., 10 days). Body weight, grip strength, forced swimming capacity, muscle weight, and muscle histology were assessed. The expression of proteolysis-related, autophagy-related, apoptosis-related, and mitochondria-related proteins was analysed by western blots or immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Myricanol (10 μM) was found to rescue dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and dysfunction in C2C12 myotubes, indicated by increased expression of myosin heavy chain (0.33 ± 0.14 vs. 0.89 ± 0.21, *P < 0.05), decreased expression of atrogin-1 (2.31 ± 0.67 vs. 1.53 ± 0.25, *P < 0.05) and MuRF1 (1.55 ± 0.08 vs. 0.99 ± 0.12, **P < 0.01), and elevated ATP production (3.83 ± 0.46 vs. 5.84 ± 0.79 nM/mg protein, **P < 0.01), mitochondrial content (68.12 ± 10.07% vs. 116.38 ± 5.12%, *P < 0.05), and mitochondrial oxygen consumption (166.59 ± 22.89 vs. 223.77 ± 22.59 pmol/min, **P < 0.01). Myricanol directly binds and activates SIRT1, with binding energy of -5.87 kcal/mol. Through activating SIRT1 deacetylation, myricanol inhibits forkhead box O 3a transcriptional activity to reduce protein degradation, induces autophagy to enhance degraded protein clearance, and increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α activity to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. In dexamethasone-induced muscle wasting C57BL/6 mice, 5 mg/kg myricanol treatment reduces the loss of muscle mass; the percentages of quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle in myricanol-treated mice are 1.36 ± 0.02% and 0.87 ± 0.08%, respectively (cf. 1.18 ± 0.06% and 0.78 ± 0.05% in dexamethasone-treated mice, respectively). Myricanol also rescues dexamethasone-induced muscle weakness, indicated by improved grip strength (70.90 ± 4.59 vs. 120.58 ± 7.93 g, **P < 0.01) and prolonged swimming exhaustive time (48.80 ± 11.43 vs. 83.75 ± 15.19 s, **P < 0.01). Myricanol prevents dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and weakness by activating SIRT1, to reduce muscle protein degradation, enhance autophagy, and promote mitochondrial biogenesis and function in mice. CONCLUSIONS Myricanol ameliorates dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle wasting by activating SIRT1, which might be developed as a therapeutic agent for treatment of muscle atrophy and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qiwen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ruile Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.,Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Pyropia yezoensis Protein Supplementation Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C57BL/6 Mice. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090328. [PMID: 30208614 PMCID: PMC6163250 DOI: 10.3390/md16090328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of Pyropia yezoensis crude protein (PYCP) against dexamethasone (DEX)-induced myotube atrophy and its underlying mechanisms. DEX (3 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection) and PYCP (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight, oral) were administrated to mice for 18 days, and the effects of PYCP on DEX-induced muscle atrophy were evaluated. Body weight, calf thickness, and gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle weight were significantly decreased by DEX administration (p < 0.05), while PYCP supplementation effectively prevented the DEX-induced decrease in body weight, calf thickness, and muscle weight. PYCP supplementation also attenuated the DEX-induced increase in serum glucose, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Additionally, PYCP supplementation reversed DEX-induced muscle atrophy via the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I/protein kinase B/rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex I/forkhead box O signaling pathway. The mechanistic investigation revealed that PYCP inhibited the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways in DEX-administrated C57BL/6 mice. These findings demonstrated that PYCP increased protein synthesis and decreased protein breakdown to prevent muscle atrophy. Therefore, PYCP supplementation appears to be useful for preventing muscle atrophy.
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14
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Detection of HER-2 gene copy number variations as a molecular marker in the peripheral blood of women with endometriosis in Iranian population: Case-control study. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Yoshihara T, Kobayashi H, Kakigi R, Sugiura T, Naito H. Heat stress-induced phosphorylation of FoxO3a signalling in rat skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 218:178-187. [PMID: 27306326 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM A recent study demonstrated that FoxO3a was directly induced by the overexpression of Hsp72 in rat soleus muscle. However, whether heat stress treatment induces FoxO3a phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle remains unclear. This study examined the effects of heat stress on the regulation of the FoxO3a signalling pathway in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats (15 weeks old) were randomly assigned into two groups; sedentary control group (Sed, n = 8) and experimental group (n = 24). After an overnight fast, one leg of each rat (HS leg) in the experimental group was immersed in hot water (43 °C) for 30 min, and the soleus and plantaris muscles in both legs were removed immediately (0 min), 30 min, 60 min, or 24 h after the heat stress (n = 6 each group). The contralateral, non-heated leg in the experimental group served as an internal control (CT leg). RESULTS Heat stress treatment resulted in a significant increase in FoxO3a phosphorylation (Ser253) in the soleus and plantaris muscles of heat-stressed legs after 24 h. Hsp72 expression in heat-stressed legs was significantly higher at 60 min and 24 h in these muscles. Activation of the PTEN/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways was also observed in these muscles immediately after stress, but not at 24 h. There were no differences in FoxO1 and AMPKα phosphorylation in either muscle. CONCLUSION Heat stress in rat skeletal muscle induces phosphorylation of FoxO3a signalling, and it may be related to Hsp72 upregulation, and the activation of the PTEN/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science; Juntendo University; Inzai Chiba Japan
| | - H. Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science; Juntendo University; Inzai Chiba Japan
- Mito Medical Center; Tsukuba University Hospital; Mito Ibaraki Japan
| | - R. Kakigi
- Faculty of Medicine; Juntendo University; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Sugiura
- Faculty of Education; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Yamaguchi Japan
| | - H. Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science; Juntendo University; Inzai Chiba Japan
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16
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Liu Y, Wang X, Leng W, Pi D, Tu Z, Zhu H, Shi H, Li S, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Aspartate inhibits LPS-induced MAFbx and MuRF1 expression in skeletal muscle in weaned pigs by regulating Akt, AMPKα and FOXO1. Innate Immun 2016; 23:34-43. [PMID: 28064564 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916673443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation can result in the rapid loss of muscle mass and myofibrillar proteins (muscle atrophy). In addition, aspartate (Asp) is necessary for protein synthesis in mammalian cells. We hypothesized that Asp could attenuate LPS-induced muscle atrophy in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaning piglets were allotted to four treatments, including non-challenged control, LPS challenged control, LPS+0.5% Asp and LPS+1.0% Asp. On d 21, the piglets were injected with i.p. injection of LPS (100 ug/kg BM) or saline. At 4 h post-injection, blood, gastrocnemius and longissimus dorsi muscles samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. Asp decreased the concentrations of cortisol and glucagon in plasma. In addition, Asp increased protein and RNA contents in muscles, and decreased mRNA expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1). Moreover, Asp decreased phosphorylation of AMPKα but increased phosphorylation of Akt and Forkhead Box O (FOXO) 1 in the muscles. Our results indicate that Asp suppresses LPS-induced MAFbx and MuRF1 expression via activation of Akt signaling, and inhibition of AMPKα and FOXO1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Leng
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingan Pi
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiao Tu
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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17
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Effect of acute and chronic eccentric exercise on FOXO1 mRNA expression as fiber type transition factor in rat skeletal muscles. Gene 2016; 584:180-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Krug ALO, Macedo AG, Zago AS, Rush JWE, Santos CF, Amaral SL. High-intensity resistance training attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2016; 53:779-88. [PMID: 26355638 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we investigated the effects of high-intensity resistance training (RT) on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in flexor hallucis longus (FHL), tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus (SOL) muscles. METHODS Rats underwent either high-intensity RT or were kept sedentary. In the last 10 days they received either DEX (0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) or saline. RESULTS DEX reduced body weight (-21%), food intake (-28%), FHL and TA muscle mass (-20% and -18%, respectively), and increased muscle-specific ring finger 1 (MuRF-1) protein level (+37% and +45.5%). RT attenuated FHL muscle atrophy through a combination of low increase in MuRF-1 protein level (-3.5%) and significant increases in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (+63%) and p70S6K (+46% and +49% for control and DEX, respectively) protein levels. CONCLUSION RT attenuated DEX-induced muscle atrophy through a combination of increases in mTOR and p70S6K protein levels and a low increase in MuRF-1 protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L O Krug
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFscar/UNESP, Federal University of Sao Carlos/Sao Paulo State University, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson G Macedo
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFscar/UNESP, Federal University of Sao Carlos/Sao Paulo State University, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Zago
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University, Avenida Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James W E Rush
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos F Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFscar/UNESP, Federal University of Sao Carlos/Sao Paulo State University, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University, Avenida Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Macedo AG, Krug ALO, Souza LM, Martuscelli AM, Constantino PB, Zago AS, Rush JWE, Santos CF, Amaral SL. Time-course changes of catabolic proteins following muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone. Steroids 2016; 107:30-6. [PMID: 26730720 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to describe the time-course changes of catabolic proteins following muscle atrophy induced by 10 days of dexamethasone (DEX). Rats underwent DEX treatment for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. Body weight (BW) and lean mass were obtained using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Muscle ringer finger1 (MuRF-1), atrogin-1 and myostatin protein levels were analyzed in the tibialis anterior (TA), flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and soleus muscles. DEX treatment reduced lean mass since day-3 and reduced BW since day-5. Specific muscle weight reductions were observed after day-10 in TA (-23%) and after day-5 in FHL (-16%, -17% and -29%, for days 5, 7 and 10, respectively). In TA, myostatin protein level was 36% higher on day-5 and its values were normalized in comparison with controls on day-10. MuRF-1 protein level was increased in TA muscle from day-7 and in FHL muscle only on day-10. This study suggests that DEX-induced muscle atrophy is a dynamic process which involves important signaling factors over time. As demonstrated by DEXA scan, lean mass declines earlier than BW and this response may involve other catabolic proteins than myostatin and MuRF-1. Specifically for TA and FHL, it seems that myostatin may trigger the catabolic process, and MuRF-1 may contribute to maintain muscle atrophy. This information may support any intervention in order to attenuate the muscle atrophy during long period of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson G Macedo
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - André Luis O Krug
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lidiane M Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Aline M Martuscelli
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paula B Constantino
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Zago
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - James W E Rush
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos F Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, USP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Bauru, Brazil.
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20
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Involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the loss of cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning in hypothyroid rats. Gene 2016; 580:169-176. [PMID: 26774797 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning (IPost) is negated in hypothyroidism; the underlying mechanisms however are unknown. This study aimed at determining whether changes in Bax, Bcl-2, eNOS, and iNOS gene expressions are involved in the negating effects of IPost against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in hypothyroidism. The hearts from control and hypothyroid rats were perfused in Langendorff apparatus and exposed to 30 min ischemia, followed by 120 min reperfusion and IPost. In a subgroup of hypothyroid rats, ischemia duration was extended to 40 min. Hemodynamic parameters, infarct size, and gene expressions were measured. Compared to controls, hypothyroid rats with 30 min ischemia had higher recovery of post-ischemic LVDP and ± dp/dt, confirmed by decreased CK and LDH levels (187 ± 16 vs. 485 ± 41 and 191 ± 9 vs. 702 ± 48 U/L, respectively; p<0.05), decreased infarct size (6.7 ± 1.1 vs. 46.1 ± 1.7%; p<0.05), and a reduced DNA laddering pattern. Recovery of post-ischemic LVDP and ± dp/dt decreased and infarct size increased following extension of ischemia period in hypothyroid rats. IPost increased eNOS and Bcl-2 expression by 3.2-fold and 3.7-fold and decreased Bax and iNOS expression by 79% and 38%, respectively; it also reduced IR-induced DNA laddering pattern in controls, whereas no change was observed in hypothyroid rats, regardless of the ischemia period. In conclusion, hearts from hypothyroid rats were resistant to IR injury, partly due to the lower expression of iNOS and subsequent reduction in apoptosis after IR. In hypothyroid rats, IPost was not associated with further reduction in iNOS expression and failed to provide additional cardioprotection against ischemia.
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Perry BD, Caldow MK, Brennan-Speranza TC, Sbaraglia M, Jerums G, Garnham A, Wong C, Levinger P, Asrar ul Haq M, Hare DL, Price SR, Levinger I. Muscle atrophy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: roles of inflammatory pathways, physical activity and exercise. EXERCISE IMMUNOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 22:94-109. [PMID: 26859514 PMCID: PMC5545118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is caused by an imbalance in contractile protein synthesis and degradation which can be triggered by various conditions including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Reduced muscle quality in patients with T2DM adversely affects muscle function, the capacity to perform activities of daily living, quality of life and ultimately may increase the risk of premature mortality. Systemic inflammation initiated by obesity and prolonged overnutrition not only contributes to insulin resistance typical of T2DM, but also promotes muscle atrophy via decreased muscle protein synthesis and increased ubiquitin-proteasome, lysosomal-proteasome and caspase 3- mediated protein degradation. Emerging evidence suggests that the inflammation-sensitive Nuclear Factor κ B (NF-κB) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways may contribute to muscle atrophy in T2DM. In contrast, exercise appears to be an effective tool in promoting muscle hypertrophy, in part due to its effect on systemic and local (skeletal muscle) inflammation. The current review discusses the role inflammation plays in muscle atrophy in T2DM and the role of exercise training in minimising the effect of inflammatory markers on skeletal muscle. We also report original data from a cohort of obese patients with T2DM compared to age-matched controls and demonstrate that patients with T2DM have 60% higher skeletal muscle expression of the atrophy transcription factor FoxO1. This review concludes that inflammatory pathways in muscle, in particular, NF-κB, potentially contribute to T2DM-mediated muscle atrophy. Further in-vivo and longitudinal human research is required to better understand the role of inflammation in T2DM-mediated atrophy and the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise training under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben D Perry
- Clinical Exercise Science Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marissa K Caldow
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Sbaraglia
- Clinical Exercise Science Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George Jerums
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chiew Wong
- University of Melbourne and the Northern Heart, The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pazit Levinger
- Clinical Exercise Science Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammad Asrar ul Haq
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - David L Hare
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - S. Russ Price
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Clinical Exercise Science Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
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Liu J, Peng Y, Wang X, Fan Y, Qin C, Shi L, Tang Y, Cao K, Li H, Long J, Liu J. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Launches Dexamethasone-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via AMPK/FOXO3 Signaling. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:73-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Le Shi
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Hua Li
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center
for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China
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Aedo JE, Maldonado J, Aballai V, Estrada JM, Bastias-Molina M, Meneses C, Gallardo-Escarate C, Silva H, Molina A, Valdés JA. mRNA-seq reveals skeletal muscle atrophy in response to handling stress in a marine teleost, the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1024. [PMID: 26626593 PMCID: PMC4667402 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fish reared under intensive conditions are repeatedly exposed to stress, which negatively impacts growth. Although most fish follow a conserved pattern of stress response, with increased concentrations of cortisol, each species presents specificities in the cell response and stress tolerance. Therefore, culturing new species requires a detailed knowledge of these specific responses. The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a new economically important marine species for the Chilean aquaculture industry. However, there is no information on the stress- and cortisol-induced mechanisms that decrease skeletal muscle growth in this teleost. Results Using Illumina RNA-seq technology, skeletal muscle sequence reads for G. chilensis were generated under control and handling stress conditions. Reads were mapped onto a reference transcriptome, resulting in the in silico identification of 785 up-regulated and 167 down-regulated transcripts. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of catabolic genes associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. These results were validated by RT-qPCR analysis for ten candidates genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, autophagy and skeletal muscle growth. Additionally, using a primary culture of fish skeletal muscle cells, the effect of cortisol was evaluated in relation to red cusk-eel skeletal muscle atrophy. Conclusions The present data demonstrated that handling stress promotes skeletal muscle atrophy in the marine teleost G. chilensis through the expression of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems. Furthermore, cortisol was a powerful inductor of skeletal muscle atrophy in fish myotubes. This study is an important step towards understanding the atrophy system in non-model teleost species and provides novel insights on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control skeletal muscle growth in early vertebrates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2232-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Aedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Maldonado
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional & Bioinformática, Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Aballai
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Estrada
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile
| | - Macarena Bastias-Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escarate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Herman Silva
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional & Bioinformática, Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile
| | - Juan A Valdés
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile. .,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. .,Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile.
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24
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Bodine SC, Furlow JD. Glucocorticoids and Skeletal Muscle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26215994 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2895-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are known to regulate protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, producing a catabolic effect that is opposite that of insulin. In many catabolic diseases, such as sepsis, starvation, and cancer cachexia, endogenous glucocorticoids are elevated contributing to the loss of muscle mass and function. Further, exogenous glucocorticoids are often given acutely and chronically to treat inflammatory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in muscle atrophy. This chapter will detail the nature of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and discuss the mechanisms thought to be responsible for the catabolic effects of glucocorticoids on muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue C Bodine
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA,
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25
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Zaman J, Jeddi S, Daneshpour MS, Zarkesh M, Daneshian Z, Ghasemi A. Ischemic postconditioning provides cardioprotective and antiapoptotic effects against ischemia–reperfusion injury through iNOS inhibition in hyperthyroid rats. Gene 2015; 570:185-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Muscle-specific GSK-3β ablation accelerates regeneration of disuse-atrophied skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:490-506. [PMID: 25496993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting impairs physical performance, increases mortality and reduces medical intervention efficacy in chronic diseases and cancer. Developing proficient intervention strategies requires improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing muscle mass wasting and recovery. Involvement of muscle protein- and myonuclear turnover during recovery from muscle atrophy has received limited attention. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I signaling pathway has been implicated in muscle mass regulation. As glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is inhibited by IGF-I signaling, we hypothesized that muscle-specific GSK-3β deletion facilitates the recovery of disuse-atrophied skeletal muscle. Wild-type mice and mice lacking muscle GSK-3β (MGSK-3β KO) were subjected to a hindlimb suspension model of reversible disuse-induced muscle atrophy and followed during recovery. Indices of muscle mass, protein synthesis and proteolysis, and post-natal myogenesis which contribute to myonuclear accretion, were monitored during the reloading of atrophied muscle. Early muscle mass recovery occurred more rapidly in MGSK-3β KO muscle. Reloading-associated changes in muscle protein turnover were not affected by GSK-3β ablation. However, coherent effects were observed in the extent and kinetics of satellite cell activation, proliferation and myogenic differentiation observed during reloading, suggestive of increased myonuclear accretion in regenerating skeletal muscle lacking GSK-3β. This study demonstrates that muscle mass recovery and post-natal myogenesis from disuse-atrophy are accelerated in the absence of GSK-3β.
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Abstract
Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/atrogin-1 were identified more than 10 years ago as two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases that are increased transcriptionally in skeletal muscle under atrophy-inducing conditions, making them excellent markers of muscle atrophy. In the past 10 years much has been published about MuRF1 and MAFbx with respect to their mRNA expression patterns under atrophy-inducing conditions, their transcriptional regulation, and their putative substrates. However, much remains to be learned about the physiological role of both genes in the regulation of mass and other cellular functions in striated muscle. Although both MuRF1 and MAFbx are enriched in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, this review will focus on the current understanding of MuRF1 and MAFbx in skeletal muscle, highlighting the critical questions that remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue C Bodine
- Departments of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior and Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California; and Northern California Veterans Affairs Health Systems, Mather, California
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California; and
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Macedo AG, Krug ALO, Herrera NA, Zago AS, Rush JWE, Amaral SL. Low-intensity resistance training attenuates dexamethasone-induced atrophy in the flexor hallucis longus muscle. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:357-64. [PMID: 24861267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential protective effect of low-intensity resistance training (RT) against dexamethasone (DEX) treatment induced muscle atrophy. Rats underwent either an 8 week period of ladder climbing RT or remained sedentary. During the last 10 days of the exercise protocol, animals were submitted to a DEX treatment or a control saline injection. Muscle weights were assessed and levels of AKT, mTOR, FOXO3a, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 proteins were analyzed in flexor hallucis longus (FHL), tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus muscles. DEX induced blood glucose increase (+46%), body weight reduction (-19%) and atrophy in FHL (-28%) and TA (-21%) muscles, which was associated with a decrease in AKT and an increase in MuRF-1 proteins levels. Low-intensity RT prevented the blood glucose increase, attenuated the FHL atrophy effects of DEX, and was associated with increased mTOR and reductions in Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in FHL. In contrast, TA muscle atrophy and signaling proteins were not affected by RT. These are the first data to demonstrate that low-intensity ladder-climbing RT specifically mitigates the FHL atrophy, which is the main muscle recruited during the training activity, while not preventing atrophy in other limb muscle not as heavily recruited. The recruitment-dependent prevention of atrophy by low intensity RT likely occurs by a combination of attenuated muscle protein degradation signals and enhanced muscle protein synthesis signals including mTOR, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson G Macedo
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235 Monjolinho, 676, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - André L O Krug
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235 Monjolinho, 676, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Naiara A Herrera
- Department of Physical Education - UNESP, Science Faculty, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01 - Vargem Limpa, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson S Zago
- Department of Physical Education - UNESP, Science Faculty, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01 - Vargem Limpa, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - James W E Rush
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Department of Physical Education - UNESP, Science Faculty, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01 - Vargem Limpa, Bauru, SP, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235 Monjolinho, 676, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Cannavino J, Brocca L, Sandri M, Bottinelli R, Pellegrino MA. PGC1-α over-expression prevents metabolic alterations and soleus muscle atrophy in hindlimb unloaded mice. J Physiol 2014; 592:4575-89. [PMID: 25128574 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.275545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged skeletal muscle inactivity causes muscle fibre atrophy. Redox imbalance has been considered one of the major triggers of skeletal muscle disuse atrophy, but whether redox imbalance is actually the major cause or simply a consequence of muscle disuse remains of debate. Here we hypothesized that a metabolic stress mediated by PGC-1α down-regulation plays a major role in disuse atrophy. First we studied the adaptations of soleus to mice hindlimb unloading (HU) in the early phase of disuse (3 and 7 days of HU) with and without antioxidant treatment (trolox). HU caused a reduction in cross-sectional area, redox status alteration (NRF2, SOD1 and catalase up-regulation), and induction of the ubiquitin proteasome system (MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 mRNA up-regulation) and autophagy (Beclin1 and p62 mRNA up-regulation). Trolox completely prevented the induction of NRF2, SOD1 and catalase mRNAs, but not atrophy or induction of catabolic systems in unloaded muscles, suggesting that oxidative stress is not a major cause of disuse atrophy. HU mice showed a marked alteration of oxidative metabolism. PGC-1α and mitochondrial complexes were down-regulated and DRP1 was up-regulated. To define the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and disuse muscle atrophy we unloaded mice overexpressing PGC-1α. Transgenic PGC-1α animals did not show metabolic alteration during unloading, preserving muscle size through the reduction of autophagy and proteasome degradation. Our results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in disuse atrophy and that compounds inducing PGC-1α expression could be useful to treat/prevent muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cannavino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Brocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine and Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 35129, Padova, Italy Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Interdipartimental Centre for Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Interdipartimental Centre for Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Salto R, Vílchez JD, Cabrera E, Guinovart JJ, Girón MD. Activation of ERK by sodium tungstate induces protein synthesis and prevents protein degradation in rat L6 myotubes. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2246-54. [PMID: 24846141 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The balance between the rates of protein synthesis and degradation in muscle is regulated by PI3K/Akt signaling. Here we addressed the effect of ERK activation by sodium tungstate on protein turnover in rat L6 myotubes. Phosphorylation of ERK by this compound increased protein synthesis by activating MTOR and prevented dexamethasone-induced protein degradation by blocking FoxO3a activity, but it did not alter Akt phosphorylation. Thus, activation of ERK by tungstate improves protein turnover in dexamethasone-treated cells. On the basis of our results, we propose that tungstate be considered an alternative to IGF-I and its analogs in the prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José D Vílchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Cabrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Barcelona and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María D Girón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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31
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Nakao R, Yamamoto S, Yasumoto Y, Oishi K. Dosing schedule-dependent attenuation of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Chronobiol Int 2014; 31:506-14. [PMID: 24397304 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.872654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are treated using synthetic glucocorticoids. However, excessive glucocorticoid can often cause unpredictable effects including muscle atrophy. Endogenous glucocorticoid levels robustly fluctuate in a circadian manner and peak just before the onset of the active phase in both humans and nocturnal rodents. The present study determines whether muscle atrophy induced by exogenous glucocorticoid can be avoided by optimizing dosing times. We administered single daily doses of the glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone (Dex) to mice for 10 days at the times of day corresponding to peak (early night) or trough (early morning) endogenous glucocorticoid levels. Administration at the acrophase of endogenous glucocorticoids significantly attenuated Dex-induced wasting of the gastrocnemius (Ga) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles that comprise mostly fast-twitch muscle fibers. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the Dex-induced mRNA expression of genes encoding the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases Muscle Atrophy F-box (Fbxo32, also known as MAFbx/Atrogin-1) and Muscle RING finger 1 (Trim63, also known as MuRF1) in the Ga and TA muscles was significantly attenuated by Dex when administered during the early night. Dex negligibly affected the weight of the soleus (So) muscle that mostly comprises slow-twitch muscle fibers, but significantly and similarly decreased the weight of the spleen at both dosing times. These results suggest that glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy can be attenuated by optimizing the dosing schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
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32
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Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2163-72. [PMID: 23806868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many pathological states characterized by muscle atrophy (e.g., sepsis, cachexia, starvation, metabolic acidosis and severe insulinopenia) are associated with an increase in circulating glucocorticoids (GC) levels, suggesting that GC could trigger the muscle atrophy observed in these conditions. GC-induced muscle atrophy is characterized by fast-twitch, glycolytic muscles atrophy illustrated by decreased fiber cross-sectional area and reduced myofibrillar protein content. GC-induced muscle atrophy results from increased protein breakdown and decreased protein synthesis. Increased muscle proteolysis, in particular through the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome and the lysosomal systems, is considered to play a major role in the catabolic action of GC. The stimulation by GC of these two proteolytic systems is mediated through the increased expression of several Atrogenes ("genes involved in atrophy"), such as FOXO, Atrogin-1, and MuRF-1. The inhibitory effect of GC on muscle protein synthesis is thought to result mainly from the inhibition of the mTOR/S6 kinase 1 pathway. These changes in muscle protein turnover could be explained by changes in the muscle production of two growth factors, namely Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, a muscle anabolic growth factor and Myostatin, a muscle catabolic growth factor. This review will discuss the recent progress made in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in GC-induced muscle atrophy and consider the implications of these advancements in the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating GC-induced myopathy. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
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33
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Watson ML, Baehr LM, Reichardt HM, Tuckermann JP, Bodine SC, Furlow JD. A cell-autonomous role for the glucocorticoid receptor in skeletal muscle atrophy induced by systemic glucocorticoid exposure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1210-20. [PMID: 22354783 PMCID: PMC3361985 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00512.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important regulators of skeletal muscle mass, and prolonged exposure will induce significant muscle atrophy. To better understand the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by elevated GC levels, we examined three different models: exogenous synthetic GC treatment [dexamethasone (DEX)], nutritional deprivation, and denervation. Specifically, we tested the direct contribution of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in skeletal muscle atrophy by creating a muscle-specific GR-knockout mouse line (MGR(e3)KO) using Cre-lox technology. In MGR(e3)KO mice, we found that the GR is essential for muscle atrophy in response to high-dose DEX treatment. In addition, DEX regulation of multiple genes, including two important atrophy markers, MuRF1 and MAFbx, is eliminated completely in the MGR(e3)KO mice. In a condition where endogenous GCs are elevated, such as nutritional deprivation, induction of MuRF1 and MAFbx was inhibited, but not completely blocked, in MGR(e3)KO mice. In response to sciatic nerve lesion and hindlimb muscle denervation, muscle atrophy and upregulation of MuRF1 and MAFbx occurred to the same extent in both wild-type and MGR(e3)KO mice, indicating that a functional GR is not required to induce atrophy under these conditions. Therefore, we demonstrate conclusively that the GR is an important mediator of skeletal muscle atrophy and associated gene expression in response to exogenous synthetic GCs in vivo and that the MGR(e3)KO mouse is a useful model for studying the role of the GR and its target genes in multiple skeletal muscle atrophy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Watson
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, Univ. of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616-8519, USA
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Xie L, Luo C, Zhang C, Zhang R, Tang J, Nie Q, Ma L, Hu X, Li N, Da Y, Zhang X. Genome-wide association study identified a narrow chromosome 1 region associated with chicken growth traits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30910. [PMID: 22359555 PMCID: PMC3281030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken growth traits are important economic traits in broilers. A large number of studies are available on finding genetic factors affecting chicken growth. However, most of these studies identified chromosome regions containing putative quantitative trait loci and finding causal mutations is still a challenge. In this genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified a narrow 1.5 Mb region (173.5-175 Mb) of chicken (Gallus gallus) chromosome (GGA) 1 to be strongly associated with chicken growth using 47,678 SNPs and 489 F2 chickens. The growth traits included aggregate body weight (BW) at 0-90 d of age measured weekly, biweekly average daily gains (ADG) derived from weekly body weight, and breast muscle weight (BMW), leg muscle weight (LMW) and wing weight (WW) at 90 d of age. Five SNPs in the 1.5 Mb KPNA3-FOXO1A region at GGA1 had the highest significant effects for all growth traits in this study, including a SNP at 8.9 Kb upstream of FOXO1A for BW at 22-48 d and 70 d, a SNP at 1.9 Kb downstream of FOXO1A for WW, a SNP at 20.9 Kb downstream of ENSGALG00000022732 for ADG at 29-42 d, a SNP in INTS6 for BW at 90 d, and a SNP in KPNA3 for BMW and LMW. The 1.5 Mb KPNA3-FOXO1A region contained two microRNA genes that could bind to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of IGF1, FOXO1A and KPNA3. It was further indicated that the 1.5 Mb GGA1 region had the strongest effects on chicken growth during 22-42 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chenglong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengguang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Da
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jespersen JG, Nedergaard A, Reitelseder S, Mikkelsen UR, Dideriksen KJ, Agergaard J, Kreiner F, Pott FC, Schjerling P, Kjaer M. Activated protein synthesis and suppressed protein breakdown signaling in skeletal muscle of critically ill patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18090. [PMID: 21483870 PMCID: PMC3069050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle mass is controlled by myostatin and Akt-dependent signaling on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and forkhead box O (FoxO) pathways, but it is unknown how these pathways are regulated in critically ill human muscle. To describe factors involved in muscle mass regulation, we investigated the phosphorylation and expression of key factors in these protein synthesis and breakdown signaling pathways in thigh skeletal muscle of critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with healthy controls. Methodology/Principal Findings ICU patients were systemically inflamed, moderately hyperglycemic, received insulin therapy, and showed a tendency to lower plasma branched chain amino acids compared with controls. Using Western blotting we measured Akt, GSK3β, mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6k), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and muscle ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1); and by RT-PCR we determined mRNA expression of, among others, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), FoxO 1, 3 and 4, atrogin1, MuRF1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and myostatin. Unexpectedly, in critically ill ICU patients Akt-mTOR-S6k signaling was substantially higher compared with controls. FoxO1 mRNA was higher in patients, whereas FoxO3, atrogin1 and myostatin mRNAs and MuRF1 protein were lower compared with controls. A moderate correlation (r2 = 0.36, p<0.05) between insulin infusion dose and phosphorylated Akt was demonstrated. Conclusions/Significance We present for the first time muscle protein turnover signaling in critically ill ICU patients, and we show signaling pathway activity towards a stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and a somewhat inhibited proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob G Jespersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Argadine HM, Mantilla CB, Zhan WZ, Sieck GC. Intracellular signaling pathways regulating net protein balance following diaphragm muscle denervation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 300:C318-27. [PMID: 21084642 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00172.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Unilateral denervation (DNV) of rat diaphragm muscle increases protein synthesis at 3 days after DNV (DNV-3D) and degradation at DNV-5D, such that net protein breakdown is evident by DNV-5D. On the basis of existing models of protein balance, we examined DNV-induced changes in Akt, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and ERK½ activation, which can lead to increased protein synthesis via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6 kinase (p70S6K), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), or eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and increased protein degradation via forkhead box protein O (FoxO). Protein phosphorylation was measured using Western analyses through DNV-5D. Akt phosphorylation decreased at 1 h and 6 h after DNV compared with sham despite decreased AMPK phosphorylation. Both Akt and AMPK phosphorylation returned to sham levels by DNV-1D. Phosphorylation of their downstream effector mTOR (Ser2481) did not change at any time point after DNV, and phosphorylated p70S6K and eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) increased only by DNV-5D. In contrast, ERK½ phosphorylation and its downstream effector eIF4E increased 1.7-fold at DNV-1D and phosphorylated GSK3β increased 1.5-fold at DNV-3D (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Thus, following DNV there are differential effects on protein synthetic pathways with preferential activation of GSK3β and eIF4E over p70S6K. FoxO1 nuclear translocation occurred by DNV-1D, consistent with its role in increasing expression of atrogenes necessary for subsequent ubiquitin-proteasome activation evident by DNV-5D. On the basis of our results, increased protein synthesis following DNV is associated with changes in ERK½-dependent pathways, but protein degradation results from downregulation of Akt and nuclear translocation of FoxO1. No single trigger is responsible for protein balance following DNV. Protein balance in skeletal muscle depends on multiple synthetic/degradation pathways that should be studied in concert.
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Rollo CD. Aging and the Mammalian regulatory triumvirate. Aging Dis 2010; 1:105-38. [PMID: 22396860 PMCID: PMC3295031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A temporal framework linking circadian rhythms and clocks to aging rates identifies a specific window of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling associated with growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) (largely exclusive of insulin) in early sleep. IGF-1 signaling is released by growth hormone secretory peaks and downregulation of IGF-1 binding protein-1 resulting in activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal response kinase (MAPK/ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-PKB/Akt) signaling pathways. Phosphorylation of Akt activates TOR which mediates the protein synthesis and growth functions of the GH axis. TOR activity is also associated with downregulated stress resistance, faster aging and reduced lifespan. IGF-1 signaling is terminated by falling GH and upregulation of IGF-1 binding proteins mediated by somatostatin and rising corticosteroids in later sleep. This suppresses PI3K-Akt signaling, thus activating the forkhead transcription factors (FOXOs) and stress-resistance pathways involved in promoting longevity. Thus, sleep appears to encompass both pathways currently identified as most relevant to aging and they toggle successively on the phosphorylation status of Akt. I propose a modified version of Pearl's rate of living theory emphasizing the hard-wired antagonism of growth (TOR) and stress resistance (FOXO). The sleep association of TOR and FOXO in temporally separated windows and their sequential temporal deployment may change much of the way we think about aging and how to manipulate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. David Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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