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Blemker SS, Brooks SV, Esser KA, Saul KR. Fiber-type traps: revisiting common misconceptions about skeletal muscle fiber types with application to motor control, biomechanics, physiology, and biology. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:109-121. [PMID: 37994416 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00337.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly complex tissue that is studied by scientists from a wide spectrum of disciplines, including motor control, biomechanics, exercise science, physiology, cell biology, genetics, regenerative medicine, orthopedics, and engineering. Although this diversity in perspectives has led to many important discoveries, historically, there has been limited overlap in discussions across fields. This has led to misconceptions and oversimplifications about muscle biology that can create confusion and potentially slow scientific progress across fields. The purpose of this synthesis paper is to bring together research perspectives across multiple muscle fields to identify common assumptions related to muscle fiber type that are points of concern to clarify. These assumptions include 1) classification by myosin isoform and fiber oxidative capacity is equivalent, 2) fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) is a surrogate marker for myosin isoform or oxidative capacity, and 3) muscle force-generating capacity can be inferred from myosin isoform. We address these three fiber-type traps and provide some context for how these misunderstandings can and do impact experimental design, computational modeling, and interpretations of findings, from the perspective of a range of fields. We stress the dangers of generalizing findings about "muscle fiber types" among muscles or across species or sex, and we note the importance for precise use of common terminology across the muscle fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Blemker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
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2
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Dubuisson N, Versele R, Planchon C, Selvais CM, Noel L, Abou-Samra M, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA. Histological Methods to Assess Skeletal Muscle Degeneration and Regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16080. [PMID: 36555721 PMCID: PMC9786356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease caused by the loss of function of the protein dystrophin. This protein contributes to the stabilisation of striated cells during contraction, as it anchors the cytoskeleton with components of the extracellular matrix through the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC). Moreover, absence of the functional protein affects the expression and function of proteins within the DAPC, leading to molecular events responsible for myofibre damage, muscle weakening, disability and, eventually, premature death. Presently, there is no cure for DMD, but different treatments help manage some of the symptoms. Advances in genetic and exon-skipping therapies are the most promising intervention, the safety and efficiency of which are tested in animal models. In addition to in vivo functional tests, ex vivo molecular evaluation aids assess to what extent the therapy has contributed to the regenerative process. In this regard, the later advances in microscopy and image acquisition systems and the current expansion of antibodies for immunohistological evaluation together with the development of different spectrum fluorescent dyes have made histology a crucial tool. Nevertheless, the complexity of the molecular events that take place in dystrophic muscles, together with the rise of a multitude of markers for each of the phases of the process, makes the histological assessment a challenging task. Therefore, here, we summarise and explain the rationale behind different histological techniques used in the literature to assess degeneration and regeneration in the field of dystrophinopathies, focusing especially on those related to DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dubuisson
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (CUSL), Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Versele
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chloé Planchon
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille M. Selvais
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Noel
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Abou-Samra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - María A. Davis-López de Carrizosa
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
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3
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Improved Electrical Stimulation-Based Exercise Model to Induce Mice Tibialis Anterior Muscle Hypertrophy and Function. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and suitable animal models directed to skeletal muscle hypertrophy are highly needed; nevertheless, the currently available models have limitations, such as restricted hypertrophy outcome and prolonged protocols; thus, additional research is required. In this study, we developed an improved muscle training protocol for mice by directly stimulating the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle motor point using electrical stimulation. C57BL/6 adult male mice were separated into four groups: CTR (control groups for one and two weeks), ES1 (electrical stimulation for one week), and ES2 (electrical stimulation for two weeks). Following muscle training, TA was taken for further examination. The results demonstrated a steady increase in the fiber cross-sectional area as a result of muscle training (ES1, 14.6% and ES2, 28.9%, p < 0.0001). Two weeks of muscle training enhanced muscle mass and maximal tetanic force by 18 (p = 0.0205) and 30%, respectively (p = 0.0260). To assess the tissue remodeling response in this model, we evaluated satellite cell activity and observed an increase in the number of Pax-7-positive nuclei after one and two weeks of muscle training (both >2-fold, p < 0.0001). In addition, we observed an increase in the number of positive nuclei for MyoD after two weeks (2.6-fold, p = 0.0057) without fiber damage. Accordingly, phosphorylation of mTOR and p70 increased following two weeks of muscle training (17%, p = 0.0215 and 66%, p = 0.0364, respectively). The results indicate that this muscle training strategy is appropriate for promoting quick and intense hypertrophy.
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Konnaris MA, Brendel M, Fontana MA, Otero M, Ivashkiv LB, Wang F, Bell RD. Computational pathology for musculoskeletal conditions using machine learning: advances, trends, and challenges. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:68. [PMID: 35277196 PMCID: PMC8915507 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathology is widely used to analyze clinical biopsy specimens and tissues from pre-clinical models of a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. Histological assessment relies on scoring systems that require expertise, time, and resources, which can lead to an analysis bottleneck. Recent advancements in digital imaging and image processing provide an opportunity to automate histological analyses by implementing advanced statistical models such as machine learning and deep learning, which would greatly benefit the musculoskeletal field. This review provides a high-level overview of machine learning applications, a general pipeline of tissue collection to model selection, and highlights the development of image analysis methods, including some machine learning applications, to solve musculoskeletal problems. We discuss the optimization steps for tissue processing, sectioning, staining, and imaging that are critical for the successful generalizability of an automated image analysis model. We also commenting on the considerations that should be taken into account during model selection and the considerable advances in the field of computer vision outside of histopathology, which can be leveraged for image analysis. Finally, we provide a historic perspective of the previously used histopathological image analysis applications for musculoskeletal diseases, and we contrast it with the advantages of implementing state-of-the-art computational pathology approaches. While some deep learning approaches have been used, there is a significant opportunity to expand the use of such approaches to solve musculoskeletal problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A Konnaris
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.,Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Brendel
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Alan Fontana
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.,Center for Analytics, Modeling, & Performance, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
| | - Miguel Otero
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.,Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.,Rosenweig Genomics Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Richard D Bell
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA. .,Center for Analytics, Modeling, & Performance, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA. .,Rosenweig Genomics Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.
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5
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Tropp N, Gilda JE, Cohen S. Reply to Kissane and Eggington. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1084-C1085. [PMID: 34874767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00393.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Tropp
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jennifer E Gilda
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shenhav Cohen
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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6
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Kissane R, Egginton S. Do we need another semiautomated approach to measure muscle fiber cross-sectional area? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1082-C1083. [PMID: 34874768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00352.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Kissane
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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7
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Rahmati M, Rashno A. Automated image segmentation method to analyse skeletal muscle cross section in exercise-induced regenerating myofibers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21327. [PMID: 34716401 PMCID: PMC8556272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an adaptive tissue with the ability to regenerate in response to exercise training. Cross-sectional area (CSA) quantification, as a main parameter to assess muscle regeneration capability, is highly tedious and time-consuming, necessitating an accurate and automated approach to analysis. Although several excellent programs are available to automate analysis of muscle histology, they fail to efficiently and accurately measure CSA in regenerating myofibers in response to exercise training. Here, we have developed a novel fully-automated image segmentation method based on neutrosophic set algorithms to analyse whole skeletal muscle cross sections in exercise-induced regenerating myofibers, referred as MyoView, designed to obtain accurate fiber size and distribution measurements. MyoView provides relatively efficient, accurate, and reliable measurements for CSA quantification and detecting different myofibers, myonuclei and satellite cells in response to the post-exercise regenerating process. We showed that MyoView is comparable with manual quantification. We also showed that MyoView is more accurate and efficient to measure CSA in post-exercise regenerating myofibers as compared with Open-CSAM, MuscleJ, SMASH and MyoVision. Furthermore, we demonstrated that to obtain an accurate CSA quantification of exercise-induced regenerating myofibers, whole muscle cross-section analysis is an essential part, especially for the measurement of different fiber-types. We present MyoView as a new tool to quantify CSA, myonuclei and satellite cells in skeletal muscle from any experimental condition including exercise-induced regenerating myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Rashno
- Department of Computer Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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Horwath O, Envall H, Röja J, Emanuelsson EB, Sanz G, Ekblom B, Apró W, Moberg M. Variability in vastus lateralis fiber type distribution, fiber size, and myonuclear content along and between the legs. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:158-173. [PMID: 34013752 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skeletal muscle characteristics such as fiber type composition, fiber size, and myonuclear content are widely studied in clinical and sports-related contexts. Being aware of the methodological and biological variability of the characteristics is a critical aspect in study design and outcome interpretation, but comprehensive data on the variability of morphological features in human skeletal muscle are currently limited. Accordingly, in the present study, m. vastus lateralis biopsies (10 per subject) from young and healthy individuals, collected in a systematic manner, were analyzed for various characteristics using immunohistochemistry (n = 7) and SDS-PAGE (n = 25). None of the analyzed parameters, fiber type % (FT%), type I and II fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA), percentage fiber type area (fCSA%), myosin heavy chain composition (MyHC%), type IIX content, myonuclear content, or myonuclear domain, varied in a systematic manner longitudinally along the muscle or between the two legs. The average within-subject coefficient of variation for FT%, fCSA, fCSA%, and MyHC% ranged between 13% and 18% but was only 5% for fiber-specific myonuclear content, which reduced the variability for myonuclear domain size to 11%-12%. Pure type IIX fibers and type IIX MyHC were randomly distributed and present in <24% of the analyzed samples, with the average content being 0.1% and 1.1%, respectively. In conclusion, leg or longitudinal orientation does not seem to be an important aspect to consider when investigating human vastus lateralis characteristics. However, single muscle biopsies should preferably not be used when studying fiber type- and fiber size-related aspects, given the notable sample-to-sample variability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the variability of key human skeletal muscle fiber characteristics in multiple sites along and between the m. vastus lateralis of healthy and active individuals. We found a notable but nonsystematic variability in fiber type and size, whereas myonuclear content was distinctively less variable, and the prevalence of type IIX fibers was random and very low. These data are important to consider when designing and interpreting studies including m. vastus lateralis biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Horwath
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Åstrand Laboratory, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Envall
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Åstrand Laboratory, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Röja
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Åstrand Laboratory, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gema Sanz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Gnomics, Murcia, Spain
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Åstrand Laboratory, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Apró
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Åstrand Laboratory, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Moberg
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Åstrand Laboratory, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Babcock LW, Hanna AD, Agha NH, Hamilton SL. MyoSight-semi-automated image analysis of skeletal muscle cross sections. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:33. [PMID: 33198807 PMCID: PMC7667765 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manual analysis of cross-sectional area, fiber-type distribution, and total and centralized nuclei in skeletal muscle cross sections is tedious and time consuming, necessitating an accurate, automated method of analysis. While several excellent programs are available, our analyses of skeletal muscle disease models suggest the need for additional features and flexibility to adequately describe disease pathology. We introduce a new semi-automated analysis program, MyoSight, which is designed to facilitate image analysis of skeletal muscle cross sections and provide additional flexibility in the analyses. RESULTS We describe staining and imaging methods that generate high-quality images of immunofluorescent-labelled cross sections from mouse skeletal muscle. Using these methods, we can analyze up to 5 different fluorophores in a single image, allowing simultaneous analyses of perinuclei, central nuclei, fiber size, and fiber-type distribution. MyoSight displays high reproducibility among users, and the data generated are in close agreement with data obtained from manual analyses of cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber number, fiber-type distribution, and number and localization of myonuclei. Furthermore, MyoSight clearly delineates changes in these parameters in muscle sections from a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mdx). CONCLUSIONS MyoSight is a new program based on an algorithm that can be optimized by the user to obtain highly accurate fiber size, fiber-type identification, and perinuclei and central nuclei per fiber measurements. MyoSight combines features available separately in other programs, is user friendly, and provides visual outputs that allow the user to confirm the accuracy of the analyses and correct any inaccuracies. We present MyoSight as a new program to facilitate the analyses of fiber type and CSA changes arising from injury, disease, exercise, and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle W Babcock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy D Hanna
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nadia H Agha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Susan L Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Sarcopenia Induced by Chronic Liver Disease in Mice Requires the Expression of the Bile Acids Membrane Receptor TGR5. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217922. [PMID: 33113850 PMCID: PMC7662491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition of muscle dysfunction, commonly associated with chronic liver disease (CLD), characterized by a decline in muscle strength, the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and oxidative stress. We recently described a murine model of CLD-induced sarcopenia by intake of hepatotoxin 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), which presents an increase in plasma bile acids (BA). BA induced skeletal muscle atrophy through a mechanism dependent on the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) receptor. In the present study, we evaluated the role of TGR5 signaling in the development of sarcopenia using a model of DDC-induced CLD in C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in TGR5 expression (TGR5−/− mice). The results indicate that the decline in muscle function and contractibility induced by the DDC diet is dependent on TGR5 expression. TGR5 dependence was also observed for the decrease in fiber diameter and sarcomeric proteins, as well as for the fast-to-slow shift in muscle fiber type. UPS overactivation, indicated by increased atrogin-1/MAFbx (atrogin-1) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) protein levels and oxidative stress, was abolished in tibialis anterior muscles from TGR5−/− mice. Our results collectively suggest that all sarcopenia features induced by the DDC-supplemented diet in mice are dependent on TGR5 receptor expression.
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Sandoval C, Lambo CA, Beason K, Dunlap KA, Satterfield MC. Effect of maternal nutrient restriction on skeletal muscle mass and associated molecular pathways in SGA and Non-SGA sheep fetuses. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106443. [PMID: 32222553 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrient restriction causes small for gestational age (SGA) offspring, which exhibit a higher risk for metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Fetal skeletal muscle is particularly sensitive to maternal nutrient restriction, which impairs muscle mass and metabolism. Using a 50% nutrient restriction treatment from gestational day (GD) 35 to GD 135 in sheep, we routinely observe a spectral phenotype of fetal weights within the nutrient-restricted (NR) group. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effect of maternal NR on muscle mass, myofiber hypertrophy, myonuclear dotation, and molecular markers for protein synthesis and degradation, while accounting for the observed fetal weight variation. Within the NR group, we classified upper-quartile fetuses into NR(Non-SGA) (n = 11) and lower-quartile fetuses into NR(SGA) (n = 11). A control group (n = 12) received 100% of nutrient requirements throughout pregnancy. At GD 135, fetal plasma and organs were collected, and gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled for investigation. Results showed decreased (P < 0.05) absolute tissue/organ weights, including soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, in NR(SGA) fetuses compared to NR(Non-SGA) and control. Myofiber cross-sectional area was smaller in NR(SGA) vs control for gastrocnemius (P = 0.0092) and soleus (P = 0.0097) muscles. Within the gastrocnemius muscle, the number of myonuclei per myofiber was reduced (P = 0.0442) in NR(SGA) compared to control. Cortisol may induce protein degradation. However, there were no differences in fetal cortisol among groups. Nevertheless, for gastrocnemius muscle, cortisol receptor (NR3C1; P = 0.0124), and FOXO1 (P = 0.0131) were upregulated in NR(SGA) compared to control while NR(Non-SGA) did not differ from the other 2 groups. KLF15 was upregulated (P = 0.0002) in both NR(SGA) and NR(Non-SGA); while FBXO32, TRIM63, BCAT2 or MSTN did not differ. For soleus muscle, KLF15 mRNA was upregulated (P = 0.0145) in NR(SGA) compared to control, and expression of MSTN was increased (P = 0.0259) in NR(SGA) and NR(Non-SGA) compared to control. At the protein level, none of the mentioned molecules nor total ubiquitin-labeled proteins differed among groups (P > 0.05). Indicators of protein synthesis (total and phosphorylated MTOR, EI4EBP1, and RPS6KB1) did not differ among groups in either muscle (P > 0.05). Collectively, results highlight that maternal NR unequally affects muscle mass in NR(SGA) and NR(Non-SGA) fetuses, and alterations in myofiber cross-sectional area and myonuclei number partially explain those differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sandoval
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - C A Lambo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - K Beason
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - K A Dunlap
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - M C Satterfield
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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12
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Sanz G, Martínez-Aranda LM, Tesch PA, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR. Muscle2View, a CellProfiler pipeline for detection of the capillary-to-muscle fiber interface and high-content quantification of fiber type-specific histology. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1698-1709. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00257.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because manual immunohistochemical analysis of features such as skeletal muscle fiber typing, capillaries, myonuclei, and fiber size-related parameters is time consuming and prone to user subjectivity, automatic computational methods could allow for faster and more objective evaluation. Here, we developed Muscle2View, a free CellProfiler-based pipeline that integrates all key fiber-morphological variables, including the novel quantification of the capillary-to-fiber interface, in one single tool. Provided that the images are of sufficient quality and the settings are configured for the specific study, the pipeline allows for automatic and unsupervised analysis of fiber borders, myonuclei, capillaries, and morphometric parameters in a fiber type-specific manner from large batches of images in <10 min/tissue sample. The novel identification of the capillary-to-fiber interface allowed for the calculation of microvascular factors such as capillary contacts (CC), individual capillary-to-fiber ratio (C/Fi), and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange (CFPE) index. When comparing the Muscle2View pipeline to manual or semiautomatic analysis, overall the results revealed strong correlations. For several variables, however, there were differences (5–15%) between values computed by manual counting and Muscle2View, suggesting that the methods should not necessarily be used interchangeably. Collectively, we demonstrate that the Muscle2View pipeline can provide unbiased and high-content analysis of muscle cross-sectional immunohistochemistry images. In addition to the classical morphological measurements, the Muscle2View can identify the complex capillary-to-fiber network and myonuclear density in a fiber type-specific manner. This robust analysis is done in one single run within a user-friendly and flexible environment based on the free and widely used image software CellProfiler. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we developed a freely available CellProfiler-based pipeline termed Muscle2View, which provides unbiased, high-content analysis of muscle cross-sectional immunohistochemistry images. In addition to fiber typing, myonuclei counting, and the quantification of fiber type-specific morphological measurements, the Muscle2View pipeline can identify the complex capillary-to-fiber network from a batch of images within minutes. Thus, the Muscle2View is a viable tool for researchers aiming to quantify immunohistochemical variables from skeletal muscle biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Sanz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gnomics, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Faculty of Sport, Neuroscience of Human Movement Research Group (Neuromove), Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per A. Tesch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy R. Lundberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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D'Lugos AC, Fry CS, Ormsby JC, Sweeney KR, Brightwell CR, Hale TM, Gonzales RJ, Angadi SS, Carroll CC, Dickinson JM. Chronic doxorubicin administration impacts satellite cell and capillary abundance in a muscle-specific manner. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14052. [PMID: 30963722 PMCID: PMC6453819 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline chemotherapies are effective at reducing disease recurrence and mortality in cancer patients. However, these drugs also contribute to skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of chronic doxorubicin (DOX) administration on satellite cell and capillary densities in different skeletal muscles. We hypothesized that DOX would reduce satellite cell and capillary densities of the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, along with muscle fiber size. Ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive three bi-weekly intraperitoneal injections of DOX (4 mg∙kg-1 ; cumulative dose 12 mg∙kg-1 ) or vehicle (VEH; saline). Animals were euthanized 5d following the last injection and the SOL and EDL were dissected and prepared for immunohistochemical and RT-qPCR analyses. Relative to VEH, CSA of the SOL and EDL fibers were 26% and 33% smaller, respectively, in DOX (P < 0.05). In the SOL, satellite cell and capillary densities were 39% and 35% lower, respectively, in DOX (P < 0.05), whereas in the EDL satellite cell and capillary densities were unaffected by DOX administration (P > 0.05). Proliferating satellite cells were unaffected by DOX in the SOL (P > 0.05). In the SOL, MYF5 mRNA expression was increased in DOX (P < 0.05), while in the EDL MGF mRNA expression was reduced in DOX (P < 0.05). Chronic DOX administration is associated with reduced fiber size in the SOL and EDL; however, DOX appeared to reduce satellite cell and capillary densities only in the SOL. These findings highlight that therapeutic targets to protect skeletal muscle from DOX may vary across muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
| | - Jordan C. Ormsby
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizona
| | | | - Camille R. Brightwell
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
| | - Taben M. Hale
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Medicine‐PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizona
| | - Rayna J. Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Medicine‐PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizona
| | | | - Chad C. Carroll
- Department of PhysiologyMidwestern UniversityGlendaleArizona
- Department of Health and KinesiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
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14
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Muscle fibre morphology and microarchitecture in cerebral palsy patients obtained by 3D synchrotron X-ray computed tomography. Comput Biol Med 2019; 107:265-269. [PMID: 30878888 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) allows for three-dimensional imaging of objects at a very high resolution and in large field-of-view. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to use SXCT imaging for morphological analysis of muscle tissue, in order to investigate whether the analysis reveals complementary information to two-dimensional microscopy. METHODS Three-dimensional SXCT images of muscle biopsies were taken from participants with cerebral palsy and from healthy controls. We designed morphological measures from the two-dimensional slices and three-dimensional volumes of the images and measured the muscle fibre organization, which we term orientation consistency. RESULTS The muscle fibre cross-sectional areas were significantly larger in healthy participants than in participants with cerebral palsy when carrying out the analysis in three dimensions. However, a similar analysis carried out in two dimensions revealed no patient group difference. The present study also showed that three-dimensional orientation consistency was significantly larger for healthy participants than for participants with cerebral palsy. CONCLUSION Individuals with CP have smaller muscle fibres than healthy control individuals. We argue that morphometric measures of muscle fibres in two dimensions are generally trustworthy only if the fibres extend perpendicularly to the slice plane, and otherwise three-dimensional aspects should be considered. In addition, the muscle tissue of individuals with CP showed a decreased level of orientation consistency when compared to healthy control tissue. We suggest that the observed disorganization of the tissue may be induced by atrophy caused by physical inactivity and insufficient neural activation.
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15
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Desgeorges T, Liot S, Lyon S, Bouvière J, Kemmel A, Trignol A, Rousseau D, Chapuis B, Gondin J, Mounier R, Chazaud B, Juban G. Open-CSAM, a new tool for semi-automated analysis of myofiber cross-sectional area in regenerating adult skeletal muscle. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:2. [PMID: 30621783 PMCID: PMC6323738 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle is capable of complete regeneration after an acute injury. The main parameter studied to assess muscle regeneration efficacy is the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the myofibers as myofiber size correlates with muscle force. CSA analysis can be time-consuming and may trigger variability in the results when performed manually. This is why programs were developed to completely automate the analysis of the CSA, such as SMASH, MyoVision, or MuscleJ softwares. Although these softwares are efficient to measure CSA on normal or hypertrophic/atrophic muscle, they fail to efficiently measure CSA on regenerating muscles. We developed Open-CSAM, an ImageJ macro, to perform a high throughput semi-automated analysis of CSA on skeletal muscle from various experimental conditions. The macro allows the experimenter to adjust the analysis and correct the mistakes done by the automation, which is not possible with fully automated programs. We showed that Open-CSAM was more accurate to measure CSA in regenerating and dystrophic muscles as compared with SMASH, MyoVision, and MuscleJ softwares and that the inter-experimenter variability was negligible. We also showed that, to obtain a representative CSA measurement, it was necessary to analyze the whole muscle section and not randomly selected pictures, a process that was easily and accurately be performed using Open-CSAM. To conclude, we show here an easy and experimenter-controlled tool to measure CSA in muscles from any experimental condition, including regenerating muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Desgeorges
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Liot
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Solene Lyon
- CREATIS, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1206, INSA Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jessica Bouvière
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Alix Kemmel
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Trignol
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - David Rousseau
- CREATIS, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1206, INSA Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bruno Chapuis
- CIQLE, Lyon Bio Image, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Structure Fédérative de Recherche santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453/INSERM US7, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Gaëtan Juban
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Avenue Rockfeller, F-69008, Lyon, France.
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16
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Lau YS, Xu L, Gao Y, Han R. Automated muscle histopathology analysis using CellProfiler. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:32. [PMID: 30336774 PMCID: PMC6193305 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histological assessment of skeletal muscle sections is important for the research of muscle physiology and diseases. Quantifiable measures of skeletal muscle often include mean fiber diameter, fiber size distribution, and centrally nucleated muscle fibers. These parameters offer insights into the dynamic adaptation of skeletal muscle cells during repeated cycles of degeneration and regeneration associated with many muscle diseases and injuries. Computational programs designed to obtain these parameters would greatly facilitate such efforts and offer significant advantage over manual image analysis, which is very labor-intensive and often subjective. Here, we describe a customized pipeline termed MuscleAnalyzer for muscle histology analysis based upon CellProfiler, a free, open-source software for measuring and analyzing cell images. Results The MuscleAnalyzer pipeline consists of loading, adjusting, and running a series of image-processing modules provided by CellProfiler. This pipeline was evaluated using wild-type and mdx muscle sections co-stained with laminin (to demarcate the muscle fiber boundaries) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, to label the nuclei). The immunofluorescence images analyzed using the MuscleAnalyzer pipeline or manually yielded similar results in the number of muscle fibers per image (p = 0.42) and central nucleated fiber (CNF) percentage (p = 0.29) in mdx mice. However, for a total of 67 images, CellProfiler completed the analysis in ~ 10 min on a regular PC while it took an investigator ~ 3 h using the manual approach in order to quantify the number of muscle fibers and CNF. Moreover, the MuscleAnalyzer pipeline also provided the measurement of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and minimal Feret’s diameter (MFD) of muscle fibers, and thus fiber size distribution can be plotted. Conclusions Our data indicate that the MuscleAnalyzer pipeline can efficiently and accurately analyze laminin and DAPI co-stained muscle images in a batch format and provide quantitative measurements for muscle histological properties such as muscle fiber diameters, fiber size distribution, and CNF percentage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-018-0178-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh Siang Lau
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yandi Gao
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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17
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Finnerty CC, McKenna CF, Cambias LA, Brightwell CR, Prasai A, Wang Y, El Ayadi A, Herndon DN, Suman OE, Fry CS. Inducible satellite cell depletion attenuates skeletal muscle regrowth following a scald-burn injury. J Physiol 2017; 595:6687-6701. [PMID: 28833130 PMCID: PMC5663820 DOI: 10.1113/jp274841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Severe burns result in significant skeletal muscle cachexia that impedes recovery. Activity of satellite cells, skeletal muscle stem cells, is altered following a burn injury and likely hinders regrowth of muscle. Severe burn injury induces satellite cell proliferation and fusion into myofibres with greater activity in muscles proximal to the injury site. Conditional depletion of satellite cells attenuates recovery of myofibre area and volume following a scald burn injury in mice. Skeletal muscle regrowth following a burn injury requires satellite cell activity, underscoring the therapeutic potential of satellite cells in the prevention of prolonged frailty in burn survivors. ABSTRACT Severe burns result in profound skeletal muscle atrophy; persistent muscle atrophy and weakness are major complications that hamper recovery from burn injury. Many factors contribute to the erosion of muscle mass following burn trauma, and we have previously shown concurrent activation and apoptosis of muscle satellite cells following a burn injury in paediatric patients. To determine the necessity of satellite cells during muscle recovery following a burn injury, we utilized a genetically modified mouse model (Pax7CreER -DTA) that allows for the conditional depletion of satellite cells in skeletal muscle. Additionally, mice were provided 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine to determine satellite cell proliferation, activation and fusion. Juvenile satellite cell-wild-type (SC-WT) and satellite cell-depleted (SC-Dep) mice (8 weeks of age) were randomized to sham or burn injury consisting of a dorsal scald burn injury covering 30% of total body surface area. Both hindlimb and dorsal muscles were studied at 7, 14 and 21 days post-burn. SC-Dep mice had >93% depletion of satellite cells compared to SC-WT (P < 0.05). Burn injury induced robust atrophy in muscles located both proximal and distal to the injury site (∼30% decrease in fibre cross-sectional area, P < 0.05). Additionally, burn injury induced skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite cell proliferation and fusion. Depletion of satellite cells impaired post-burn recovery of both muscle fibre cross-sectional area and volume (P < 0.05). These findings support an integral role for satellite cells in the aetiology of lean tissue recovery following a severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste C. Finnerty
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
- Institute for Translational ScienceUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Colleen F. McKenna
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Lauren A. Cambias
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Camille R. Brightwell
- Division of Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, GalvestonTXUSA
| | - Anesh Prasai
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Amina El Ayadi
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
| | - David N. Herndon
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
- Institute for Translational ScienceUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Oscar E. Suman
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
- Institute for Translational ScienceUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
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18
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Wen Y, Murach KA, Vechetti IJ, Fry CS, Vickery C, Peterson CA, McCarthy JJ, Campbell KS. MyoVision: software for automated high-content analysis of skeletal muscle immunohistochemistry. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:40-51. [PMID: 28982947 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00762.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of skeletal muscle cross sections is an important experimental technique in muscle biology. Many aspects of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy can now be automated, but most image quantification techniques still require extensive human input, slowing progress and introducing the possibility of user bias. MyoVision is a new software package that was developed to overcome these limitations. The software improves upon previously reported automatic techniques and analyzes images without requiring significant human input and correction. When compared with data derived by manual quantification, MyoVision achieves an accuracy of ≥94% for basic measurements such as fiber number, fiber type distribution, fiber cross-sectional area, and myonuclear number. Scientists can download the software free from www.MyoVision.org and use it to automate the analysis of their own experimental data. This will improve the efficiency and consistency of the analysis of muscle cross sections and help to reduce the burden of routine image quantification in muscle biology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Scientists currently analyze images of immunofluorescently labeled skeletal muscle using time-consuming techniques that require sustained human supervision. As well as being inefficient, these techniques can increase variability in studies that quantify morphological adaptations of skeletal muscle at the cellular level. MyoVision is new software that overcomes these limitations by performing high-content analysis of muscle cross sections with minimal manual input. It is open source and freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,MD/PhD Program, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, and Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Chase Vickery
- MSTC Program, Paul Laurence Dunbar High School , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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19
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Eren Cimenci C, Uzunalli G, Uysal O, Yergoz F, Karaca Umay E, Guler MO, Tekinay AB. Laminin mimetic peptide nanofibers regenerate acute muscle defect. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:190-200. [PMID: 28690008 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cells are terminally differentiated and require the activation of muscle progenitor (satellite) cells for their regeneration. There is a clinical need for faster and more efficient treatment methods for acute muscle injuries, and the stimulation of satellite cell proliferation is promising in this context. In this study, we designed and synthesized a laminin-mimetic bioactive peptide (LM/E-PA) system that is capable of accelerating satellite cell activation by emulating the structure and function of laminin, a major protein of the basal membrane of the skeletal muscle. The LM/E-PA nanofibers enhance myogenic differentiation in vitro and the clinical relevance of the laminin-mimetic bioactive scaffold system was demonstrated further by assessing its effect on the regeneration of acute muscle injury in a rat model. Laminin mimetic peptide nanofibers significantly promoted satellite cell activation in skeletal muscle and accelerated myofibrillar regeneration following acute muscle injury. In addition, the LM/E-PA scaffold treatment significantly reduced the time required for the structural and functional repair of skeletal muscle. This study represents one of the first examples of molecular- and tissue-level regeneration of skeletal muscle facilitated by bioactive peptide nanofibers following acute muscle injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sports, heavy lifting and other strength-intensive tasks are ubiquitous in modern life and likely to cause acute skeletal muscle injury. Speeding up regeneration of skeletal muscle injuries would not only shorten the duration of recovery for the patient, but also support the general health and functionality of the repaired muscle tissue. In this work, we designed and synthesized a laminin-mimetic nanosystem to enhance muscle regeneration. We tested its activity in a rat tibialis anterior muscle by injecting the bioactive nanosystem. The evaluation of the regeneration and differentiation capacity of skeletal muscle suggested that the laminin-mimetic nanosystem enhances skeletal muscle regeneration and provides a suitable platform that is highly promising for the regeneration of acute muscle injuries. This work demonstrates for the first time that laminin-mimetic self-assembled peptide nanosystems facilitate myogenic differentiation in vivo without the need for additional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Eren Cimenci
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Materials Science and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gozde Uzunalli
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Materials Science and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ozge Uysal
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yergoz
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Materials Science and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ebru Karaca Umay
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Ayse B Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Materials Science and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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20
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Fry CS, Johnson DL, Ireland ML, Noehren B. ACL injury reduces satellite cell abundance and promotes fibrogenic cell expansion within skeletal muscle. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1876-1885. [PMID: 27935172 PMCID: PMC5466509 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are associated with significant loss of strength in knee extensor muscles that persists despite physical therapy. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this protracted muscle weakness are poorly understood; however, we recently showed significant myofiber atrophy and altered muscle phenotype following ACL injury. We sought to further explore perturbations in skeletal muscle morphology and progenitor cell activity following an ACL injury. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the injured and non-injured vastus lateralis of young adults (n = 10) following ACL injury, and histochemical/immunohistochemical analyses were undertaken to determine collagen content, abundance of connective tissue fibroblasts, fibrogenic/adipogenic progenitor (FAP) cells, satellite cells, in addition to indices of muscle fiber denervation and myonuclear apoptosis. The injured limb showed elevated collagen content (p < 0.05), in addition to a greater abundance of fibroblasts and FAPs (p < 0.05) in the injured limb. Fibroblast content was correlated with increased accumulation of extracellular matrix in the injured limb as well. A higher frequency of interstitial nuclei were positive for phospho-SMAD3 in the injured limb (p < 0.05), providing some evidence for activation of a fibrogenic program through transforming growth factor β following an ACL injury. The injured limb also displayed reduced satellite cell abundance, increased fiber denervation and DNA damage associated with apoptosis (p < 0.05), indicating alterations within the muscle itself after the ligament injury. Injury of the ACL induces a myriad of negative outcomes within knee extensor muscles, which likely compromise the restorative capacity and plasticity of skeletal muscle, impeding rehabilitative efforts. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1876-1885, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Darren L. Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Mary Lloyd Ireland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Brian Noehren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Division of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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21
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Bergmeister KD, Gröger M, Aman M, Willensdorfer A, Manzano-Szalai K, Salminger S, Aszmann OC. A Rapid Automated Protocol for Muscle Fiber Population Analysis in Rat Muscle Cross Sections Using Myosin Heavy Chain Immunohistochemistry. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28448058 DOI: 10.3791/55441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of muscle fiber populations provides a deeper insight into the effects of disease, trauma, and various other influences on skeletal muscle composition. Various time-consuming methods have traditionally been used to study fiber populations in many fields of research. However, recently developed immunohistochemical methods based on myosin heavy chain protein expression provide a quick alternative to identify multiple fiber types in a single section. Here, we present a rapid, reliable and reproducible protocol for improved staining quality, allowing automatic acquisition of whole cross sections and automatic quantification of fiber populations with ImageJ. For this purpose, embedded skeletal muscles are cut in cross sections, stained using myosin heavy chains antibodies with secondary fluorescent antibodies and DAPI for cell nuclei staining. Whole cross sections are then scanned automatically using a slide scanner to obtain high-resolution composite pictures of the entire specimen. Fiber population analyses are subsequently performed to quantify slow, intermediate and fast fibers using an automated macro for ImageJ. We have previously shown that this method can identify fiber populations reliably to a degree of ±4%. In addition, this method reduces inter-user variability and time per analyses significantly using the open source platform ImageJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin D Bergmeister
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg
| | - Marion Gröger
- Core Facility Imaging, Core Facilities, Medical University Vienna
| | - Martin Aman
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Anna Willensdorfer
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Krisztina Manzano-Szalai
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Stefan Salminger
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Oskar C Aszmann
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna;
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22
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Mack DL, Poulard K, Goddard MA, Latournerie V, Snyder JM, Grange RW, Elverman MR, Denard J, Veron P, Buscara L, Le Bec C, Hogrel JY, Brezovec AG, Meng H, Yang L, Liu F, O'Callaghan M, Gopal N, Kelly VE, Smith BK, Strande JL, Mavilio F, Beggs AH, Mingozzi F, Lawlor MW, Buj-Bello A, Childers MK. Systemic AAV8-Mediated Gene Therapy Drives Whole-Body Correction of Myotubular Myopathy in Dogs. Mol Ther 2017; 25:839-854. [PMID: 28237839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) results from MTM1 gene mutations and myotubularin deficiency. Most XLMTM patients develop severe muscle weakness leading to respiratory failure and death, typically within 2 years of age. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic gene therapy in the p.N155K canine model of XLMTM by performing a dose escalation study. A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (rAAV8) vector expressing canine myotubularin (cMTM1) under the muscle-specific desmin promoter (rAAV8-cMTM1) was administered by simple peripheral venous infusion in XLMTM dogs at 10 weeks of age, when signs of the disease are already present. A comprehensive analysis of survival, limb strength, gait, respiratory function, neurological assessment, histology, vector biodistribution, transgene expression, and immune response was performed over a 9-month study period. Results indicate that systemic gene therapy was well tolerated, prolonged lifespan, and corrected the skeletal musculature throughout the body in a dose-dependent manner, defining an efficacious dose in this large-animal model of the disease. These results support the development of gene therapy clinical trials for XLMTM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biopsy
- Dependovirus/classification
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Dogs
- Gait
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Therapy/adverse effects
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/adverse effects
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacokinetics
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/diagnosis
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/mortality
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/therapy
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- Recovery of Function
- Reflex
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Tissue Distribution
- Transgenes/genetics
- Transgenes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | - Karine Poulard
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Melissa A Goddard
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | | | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert W Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Matthew R Elverman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | | | - Philippe Veron
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Laurine Buscara
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Neuromuscular Physiology and Evaluation Lab, Institut de Myologie, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Annie G Brezovec
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hui Meng
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Fujun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98019, USA
| | - Valerie E Kelly
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Barbara K Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Fulvio Mavilio
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France; Institut de Myologie, University Pierre and Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ana Buj-Bello
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France.
| | - Martin K Childers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA.
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23
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Gan Y, Tsay D, Amir SB, Marboe CC, Hendon CP. Automated classification of optical coherence tomography images of human atrial tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:101407. [PMID: 26926869 PMCID: PMC5995000 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.10.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue composition of the atria plays a critical role in the pathology of cardiovascular disease, tissue remodeling, and arrhythmogenic substrates. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the ability to capture the tissue composition information of the human atria. In this study, we developed a region-based automated method to classify tissue compositions within human atria samples within OCT images. We segmented regional information without prior information about the tissue architecture and subsequently extracted features within each segmented region. A relevance vector machine model was used to perform automated classification. Segmentation of human atrial ex vivo datasets was correlated with trichrome histology and our classification algorithm had an average accuracy of 80.41% for identifying adipose, myocardium, fibrotic myocardium, and collagen tissue compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gan
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David Tsay
- Columbia NY Presbyterian Hospital, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Syed B. Amir
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
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24
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Fry CS, Porter C, Sidossis LS, Nieten C, Reidy PT, Hundeshagen G, Mlcak R, Rasmussen BB, Lee JO, Suman OE, Herndon DN, Finnerty CC. Satellite cell activation and apoptosis in skeletal muscle from severely burned children. J Physiol 2016; 594:5223-36. [PMID: 27350317 PMCID: PMC5023709 DOI: 10.1113/jp272520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Severe burns result in profound skeletal muscle atrophy that hampers recovery. The activity of skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells, acutely following a severe burn is unknown and may contribute to the recovery of lean muscle. Severe burn injury induces skeletal muscle regeneration and myonuclear apoptosis. Satellite cells undergo concurrent apoptosis and activation acutely following a burn, with a net reduction in satellite cell content compared to healthy controls. The activation and apoptosis of satellite cells probably impacts the recovery of lean tissue following a severe burn, contributing to prolonged frailty in burn survivors. ABSTRACT Severe burns result in profound skeletal muscle atrophy; persistent muscle loss and weakness are major complications that hamper recovery from burn injury. Many factors contribute to the erosion of muscle mass following burn trauma and we propose that an impaired muscle satellite cell response is key in the aetiology of burn-induced cachexia. Muscle biopsies from the m. vastus lateralis were obtained from 12 male pediatric burn patients (>30% total body surface area burn) and 12 young, healthy male subjects. Satellite cell content, activation and apoptosis were determined via immunohistochemistry, as were muscle fibre regeneration and myonuclear apoptosis. Embryonic myosin heavy chain expression and central nucleation, indices of skeletal muscle regeneration, were elevated in burn patients (P < 0.05). Myonuclear apoptosis, quantified by TUNEL positive myonuclei and cleaved caspase-3 positive myonuclei, was also elevated in burn patients (P < 0.05). Satellite cell content was reduced in burn patients, with approximately 20% of satellite cells positive for TUNEL staining, indicating DNA damage associated with apoptosis (P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant percentage of satellite cells in burn patients expressed Ki67, a marker for cellular proliferation (P < 0.05). Satellite cell activation was also observed in burn patients with increased expression of MyoD compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). Robust skeletal muscle atrophy occurs after burn injury, even in muscles located distally to the site of injury. The activation and apoptosis of satellite cells probably impacts the recovery of lean tissue following a severe burn, contributing to prolonged frailty in burn survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Craig Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Nieten
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Hundeshagen
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Mlcak
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jong O Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Oscar E Suman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Celeste C Finnerty
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
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25
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Bergmeister KD, Gröger M, Aman M, Willensdorfer A, Manzano-Szalai K, Salminger S, Aszmann OC. Automated muscle fiber type population analysis with ImageJ of whole rat muscles using rapid myosin heavy chain immunohistochemistry. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:292-9. [PMID: 26788932 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle consists of different fiber types which adapt to exercise, aging, disease, or trauma. Here we present a protocol for fast staining, automatic acquisition, and quantification of fiber populations with ImageJ. METHODS Biceps and lumbrical muscles were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats. Quadruple immunohistochemical staining was performed on single sections using antibodies against myosin heavy chains and secondary fluorescent antibodies. Slides were scanned automatically with a slide scanner. Manual and automatic analyses were performed and compared statistically. RESULTS The protocol provided rapid and reliable staining for automated image acquisition. Analyses between manual and automatic data indicated Pearson correlation coefficients for biceps of 0.645-0.841 and 0.564-0.673 for lumbrical muscles. Relative fiber populations were accurate to a degree of ± 4%. CONCLUSIONS This protocol provides a reliable tool for quantification of muscle fiber populations. Using freely available software, it decreases the required time to analyze whole muscle sections. Muscle Nerve 54: 292-299, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin D Bergmeister
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090, Austria
| | - Marion Gröger
- Core Facility Imaging, Core Facilities, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Aman
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090, Austria
| | - Anna Willensdorfer
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090, Austria
| | - Krisztina Manzano-Szalai
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090, Austria
| | - Stefan Salminger
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090, Austria
| | - Oskar C Aszmann
- CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090, Austria
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26
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Assessment of muscle mass and strength in mice. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:732. [PMID: 26331011 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle weakness is an important phenotype of many diseases that is linked to impaired locomotion and increased mortality. The force that a muscle can generate is determined predominantly by muscle size, fiber type and the excitation-contraction coupling process. Here we describe methods for the histological assessment of whole muscle to determine fiber cross-sectional area and fiber type, determination of changes in myocyte size using C2C12 cells, in vivo functional tests and measurement of contractility in dissected whole muscles. The extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles are ideally suited for whole-muscle contractility, and dissection of these muscles is described.
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27
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Li F, Buck D, De Winter J, Kolb J, Meng H, Birch C, Slater R, Escobar YN, Smith JE, Yang L, Konhilas J, Lawlor MW, Ottenheijm C, Granzier HL. Nebulin deficiency in adult muscle causes sarcomere defects and muscle-type-dependent changes in trophicity: novel insights in nemaline myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5219-33. [PMID: 26123491 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nebulin is a giant filamentous protein that is coextensive with the actin filaments of the skeletal muscle sarcomere. Nebulin mutations are the main cause of nemaline myopathy (NEM), with typical adult patients having low expression of nebulin, yet the roles of nebulin in adult muscle remain poorly understood. To establish nebulin's functional roles in adult muscle, we studied a novel conditional nebulin KO (Neb cKO) mouse model in which nebulin deletion was driven by the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promotor. Neb cKO mice are born with high nebulin levels in their skeletal muscles, but within weeks after birth nebulin expression rapidly falls to barely detectable levels Surprisingly, a large fraction of the mice survive to adulthood with low nebulin levels (<5% of control), contain nemaline rods and undergo fiber-type switching toward oxidative types. Nebulin deficiency causes a large deficit in specific force, and mechanistic studies provide evidence that a reduced fraction of force-generating cross-bridges and shortened thin filaments contribute to the force deficit. Muscles rich in glycolytic fibers upregulate proteolysis pathways (MuRF-1, Fbxo30/MUSA1, Gadd45a) and undergo hypotrophy with smaller cross-sectional areas (CSAs), worsening their force deficit. Muscles rich in oxidative fibers do not have smaller weights and can even have hypertrophy, offsetting their specific-force deficit. These studies reveal nebulin as critically important for force development and trophicity in adult muscle. The Neb cKO phenocopies important aspects of NEM (muscle weakness, oxidative fiber-type predominance, variable trophicity effects, nemaline rods) and will be highly useful to test therapeutic approaches to ameliorate muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Josine De Winter
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin Kolb
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA and
| | - Camille Birch
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA and
| | - Coen Ottenheijm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Lee JD, Fry CS, Mula J, Kirby TJ, Jackson JR, Liu F, Yang L, Dupont-Versteegden EE, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Aged Muscle Demonstrates Fiber-Type Adaptations in Response to Mechanical Overload, in the Absence of Myofiber Hypertrophy, Independent of Satellite Cell Abundance. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:461-7. [PMID: 25878030 PMCID: PMC5175449 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sarcopenia, age-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, is neither accelerated nor exacerbated by depletion of muscle stem cells, satellite cells, we hypothesized that adaptation in sarcopenic muscle would be compromised. To test this hypothesis, we depleted satellite cells with tamoxifen treatment of Pax7(CreER)-DTA mice at 4 months of age, and 20 months later subjected the plantaris muscle to 2 weeks of mechanical overload. We found myofiber hypertrophy was impaired in aged mice regardless of satellite cell content. Even in the absence of growth, vehicle-treated mice mounted a regenerative response, not apparent in tamoxifen-treated mice. Further, myonuclear accretion occurred in the absence of growth, which was prevented by satellite cell depletion, demonstrating that myonuclear addition is insufficient to drive myofiber hypertrophy. Satellite cell depletion increased extracellular matrix content of aged muscle that was exacerbated by overload, potentially limiting myofiber growth. These results support the idea that satellite cells regulate the muscle environment, and that their loss during aging may contribute to fibrosis, particularly during periods of remodeling. Overload induced a fiber-type composition improvement, independent of satellite cells, suggesting that aged muscle is very responsive to exercise-induced enhancement in oxidative capacity, even with an impaired hypertrophic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah D Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Jyothi Mula
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Tyler J Kirby
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Janna R Jackson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Fujun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - John J McCarthy
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
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29
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Fry CS, Lee JD, Mula J, Kirby TJ, Jackson JR, Liu F, Yang L, Mendias CL, Dupont-Versteegden EE, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia. Nat Med 2014; 21:76-80. [PMID: 25501907 PMCID: PMC4289085 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Fry
- 1] Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jonah D Lee
- 1] Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jyothi Mula
- 1] Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tyler J Kirby
- 1] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Janna R Jackson
- 1] Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Fujun Liu
- 1] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- 1] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- 1] Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- 1] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- 1] Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [2] Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. [3] Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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30
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Smith LR, Barton ER. SMASH - semi-automatic muscle analysis using segmentation of histology: a MATLAB application. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:21. [PMID: 25937889 PMCID: PMC4417508 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histological assessment of skeletal muscle tissue is commonly applied to many areas of skeletal muscle physiological research. Histological parameters including fiber distribution, fiber type, centrally nucleated fibers, and capillary density are all frequently quantified measures of skeletal muscle. These parameters reflect functional properties of muscle and undergo adaptation in many muscle diseases and injuries. While standard operating procedures have been developed to guide analysis of many of these parameters, the software to freely, efficiently, and consistently analyze them is not readily available. In order to provide this service to the muscle research community we developed an open source MATLAB script to analyze immunofluorescent muscle sections incorporating user controls for muscle histological analysis. Results The software consists of multiple functions designed to provide tools for the analysis selected. Initial segmentation and fiber filter functions segment the image and remove non-fiber elements based on user-defined parameters to create a fiber mask. Establishing parameters set by the user, the software outputs data on fiber size and type, centrally nucleated fibers, and other structures. These functions were evaluated on stained soleus muscle sections from 1-year-old wild-type and mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In accordance with previously published data, fiber size was not different between groups, but mdx muscles had much higher fiber size variability. The mdx muscle had a significantly greater proportion of type I fibers, but type I fibers did not change in size relative to type II fibers. Centrally nucleated fibers were highly prevalent in mdx muscle and were significantly larger than peripherally nucleated fibers. Conclusions The MATLAB code described and provided along with this manuscript is designed for image processing of skeletal muscle immunofluorescent histological sections. The program allows for semi-automated fiber detection along with user correction. The output of the code provides data in accordance with established standards of practice. The results of the program have been validated using a small set of wild-type and mdx muscle sections. This program is the first freely available and open source image processing program designed to automate analysis of skeletal muscle histological sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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