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Ma Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Xuan J, Gao X, Ding H, Ma C, Chen Y, Yang Y. Roles of physical exercise-induced MiR-126 in cardiovascular health of type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:169. [PMID: 36376958 PMCID: PMC9661802 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical activity is widely recommended for preventing and treating cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an angiogenetic regulator abundant in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). It is primarily involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis for cardiovascular protection. According to recent studies, the levels of miR-126 in the myocardium and circulation are affected by exercise protocol. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-and high-intensity aerobic exercise, whether acute or chronic, can increase circulating miR-126 in healthy adults. Chronic aerobic exercise can effectively rescue the reduction of myocardial and circulating miR-126 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic mice against diabetic vascular injury. Resistance exercise can raise circulating VEGF levels, but it may have a little influence on circulating miR-126. The Several targets of miR-126 have been suggested for cardiovascular fitness, such as sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7). Here, we present a comprehensive review of the roles of miR-126 and its downstream proteins as exercise mechanisms, and propose that miR-126 can be applied as an exercise indicator for cardiovascular prescriptions and as a preventive or therapeutic target for cardiovascular complications in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Ma
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Junjie Xuan
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huixian Ding
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chunlian Ma
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Pahlavani HA. Exercise-induced signaling pathways to counteracting cardiac apoptotic processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:950927. [PMID: 36036015 PMCID: PMC9403089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.950927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in the world. One of the major causes of cardiac death is excessive apoptosis. However, multiple pathways through moderate exercise can reduce myocardial apoptosis. After moderate exercise, the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as IGF-1, IGF-1R, p-PI3K, p-Akt, ERK-1/2, SIRT3, PGC-1α, and Bcl-2 increases in the heart. While apoptotic proteins such as PTEN, PHLPP-1, GSK-3, JNK, P38MAPK, and FOXO are reduced in the heart. Exercise-induced mechanical stress activates the β and α5 integrins and subsequently, focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation activates the Akt/mTORC1 and ERK-1/2 pathways, leading to an anti-apoptotic response. One of the reasons for the decrease in exercise-induced apoptosis is the decrease in Fas-ligand protein, Fas-death receptor, TNF-α receptor, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), caspase-8, and caspase-3. In addition, after exercise mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic factors such as Bid, t-Bid, Bad, p-Bad, Bak, cytochrome c, and caspase-9 are reduced. These changes lead to a reduction in oxidative damage, a reduction in infarct size, a reduction in cardiac apoptosis, and an increase in myocardial function. After exercising in the heart, the levels of RhoA, ROCK1, Rac1, and ROCK2 decrease, while the levels of PKCε, PKCδ, and PKCɑ are activated to regulate calcium and prevent mPTP perforation. Exercise has an anti-apoptotic effect on heart failure by increasing the PKA-Akt-eNOS and FSTL1-USP10-Notch1 pathways, reducing the negative effects of CaMKIIδ, and increasing the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Exercise plays a protective role in the heart by increasing HSP20, HSP27, HSP40, HSP70, HSP72, and HSP90 along with increasing JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation. However, research on exercise and factors such as Pim-1, Notch, and FAK in cardiac apoptosis is scarce, so further research is needed. Future research is recommended to discover more anti-apoptotic pathways. It is also recommended to study the synergistic effect of exercise with gene therapy, dietary supplements, and cell therapy for future research.
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040784. [PMID: 35453469 PMCID: PMC9030255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a redox disease. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation induce a switch of metabolic homeostatic set points, leading to glucose intolerance. Several diabetes-specific mechanisms contribute to prominent oxidative distress in the heart, resulting in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in diabetic subjects is not only caused by intracellular hyperglycemia in the microvasculature but is also the result of increased fatty oxidation and lipotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide anion radicals induces, via inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an increased polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and activation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and an increased hexosamine pathway flux. These pathways not only directly contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy but are themselves a source of additional reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative distress lead to cell dysfunction and cellular injury not only via protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and oxidative changes in microRNAs but also via activation of stress-sensitive pathways and redox regulation. Investigations in animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy have consistently demonstrated that increased expression of the primary antioxidant enzymes attenuates myocardial pathology and improves cardiac function.
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Bei Y, Wang L, Ding R, Che L, Fan Z, Gao W, Liang Q, Lin S, Liu S, Lu X, Shen Y, Wu G, Yang J, Zhang G, Zhao W, Guo L, Xiao J. Animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research: Current knowledge and optimal design-A position paper of the Committee on Cardiac Rehabilitation, Chinese Medical Doctors' Association. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:660-674. [PMID: 34454088 PMCID: PMC8724626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rongjing Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhiqing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shenghui Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Guifu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Innovative Engineering and Technology Research Center for Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Stanisic J, Koricanac G, Culafic T, Romic S, Stojiljkovic M, Kostic M, Ivkovic T, Tepavcevic S. The effects of low-intensity exercise on cardiac glycogenesis and glycolysis in male and ovariectomized female rats on a fructose-rich diet. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13930. [PMID: 34494282 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that low-intensity exercise prevented cardiac insulin resistance induced by a fructose-rich diet (FRD). To examine whether low-intensity exercise could prevent the disturbances of key molecules of cardiac glucose metabolism induced by FRD in male and ovariectomized (ovx) female rats, animals were exposed to 10% fructose solution (SF) or underwent both fructose diet and exercise (EF). Exercise prevented a decrease in cardiac GSK-3β phosphorylation induced by FRD in males (p < .001 vs. SF). It also prevented a decrease in PFK-2 phosphorylation in ovx females (p < .001 vs. SF) and increased the expression of PFK-2 in males (p < .05 vs. control). Exercise did not prevent a decrease in plasma membrane GLUT1 and GLUT4 levels in ovx females on FRD. The only effect of exercise on glucose transporters that could be indicated as beneficial is an augmented GLUT4 protein expression in males (p < .05 vs. control). Obtained results suggest that low-intensity exercise prevents harmful effects of FRD towards cardiac glycogenesis in males and glycolysis in ovx females. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Low-intensity exercise, equivalent to brisk walking, was able to prevent disturbances in cardiac glycolysis regulation in ovx female and the glycogen synthesis pathway in male rats. In terms of human health, although molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of exercise on cardiac glucose metabolism vary between genders, low-intensity running may be a useful non-pharmacological approach in the prevention of cardiac metabolic disorders in both men and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stanisic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Koricanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Culafic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snjezana Romic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kostic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Ivkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Tepavcevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Yosefy O, Sharon B, Yagil C, Shlapoberski M, Livoff A, Novitski I, Beeri R, Yagil Y, Yosefy C. Diabetes induces remodeling of the left atrial appendage independently of atrial fibrillation in a rodent model of type-2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:149. [PMID: 34301258 PMCID: PMC8306366 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients have an increased predisposition to thromboembolic events, in most cases originating from thrombi in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Remodeling of the LAA, which predisposes to thrombi formation, has been previously described in diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation, but whether remodeling of the LAA occurs in diabetics also in the absence of atrial fibrillation is unknown. To investigate the contribution of diabetes, as opposed to atrial fibrillation, to remodeling of the LAA, we went from humans to the animal model. METHODS We studied by echocardiography the structure and function of the heart over multiple time points during the evolution of diabetes in the Cohen diabetic sensitive rat (CDs/y) provided diabetogenic diet over a period of 4 months; CDs/y provided regular diet and the Cohen diabetic resistant (CDr/y), which do not develop diabetes, served as controls. All animals were in sinus rhythm throughout the study period. RESULTS Compared to controls, CDs/y developed during the evolution of diabetes a greater heart mass, larger left atrial diameter, wider LAA orifice, increased LAA depth, greater end-diastolic and end-systolic diameter, and lower E/A ratio-all indicative of remodeling of the LAA and left atrium (LA), as well as the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. To investigate the pathophysiology involved, we studied the histology of the hearts at the end of the study. We found in diabetic CDs/y, but not in any of the other groups, abundance of glycogen granules in the atrial appendages , atria and ventricles, which may be of significance as glycogen granules have previously been associated with cell and organ dysfunction in the diabetic heart. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that our rodent model of diabetes, which was in sinus rhythm, reproduced structural and functional alterations previously observed in hearts of human diabetics with atrial fibrillation. Remodeling of the LAA and of the LA in our model was unrelated to atrial fibrillation and associated with accumulation of glycogen granules. We suggest that myocardial accumulation of glycogen granules is related to the development of diabetes and may play a pathophysiological role in remodeling of the LAA and LA, which predisposes to atrial fibrillation, thromboembolic events and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Yosefy
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai University Medical Center, 2 Hahistadrut Street, 78278, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Barucha Sharon
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai University Medical Center, 2 Hahistadrut Street, 78278, Ashkelon, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Chana Yagil
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Israeli Rat Genome Center, Barzilai University Medical Center, 2 Hahistadrut Street, 78278, Ashkelon, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Mark Shlapoberski
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Alejandro Livoff
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Ilana Novitski
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Ronen Beeri
- Diagnostic Cardiology Unit, Heart Institute, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Yagil
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Israeli Rat Genome Center, Barzilai University Medical Center, 2 Hahistadrut Street, 78278, Ashkelon, Israel.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
| | - Chaim Yosefy
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai University Medical Center, 2 Hahistadrut Street, 78278, Ashkelon, Israel.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
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Sun Y, Zhou S, Guo H, Zhang J, Ma T, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Cai L. Protective effects of sulforaphane on type 2 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy via AMPK-mediated activation of lipid metabolic pathways and NRF2 function. Metabolism 2020; 102:154002. [PMID: 31706979 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), particularly AMPKα2 isoform, plays a critical role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis. It was reported that sulforaphane (SFN) prevented type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced cardiomyopathy accompanied by the activation of AMPK; In this study, AMPK's pivotal role in SFN-mediated prevention against T2D-induced cardiomyopathy was tested using global deletion of AMPKα2 gene (AMPKα2-KO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS T2D was established by feeding 3-month high-fat diet (HFD) to induce insulin resistance, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce mild hyperglycemia in both AMPKα2-KO and wild-type (WT) mice. Then both T2D and control mice were subsequently treated with or without SFN for 3 months while continually feeding HFD or normal diet. Upon completion of the 3-month treatment, five mice from each group were sacrificed as a 3-month time-point (3 M). The rest continued normal diet or HFD until terminating study at the sixth month (6 M) of diabetes. Cardiac function was examined with echocardiography before sacrifice at both 3 M and 6 M. SFN prevented T2D-induced progression of cardiac dysfunction, remodeling (hypertrophy and fibrosis), inflammation, and oxidative damage in wild-type diabetic mice, but not in AMPKα2-KO mice. Mechanistically, SFN prevented T2D-induced cardiomyopathy not only by improving AMPK-mediated lipid metabolic pathways, but also enhancing NRF2 activation via AMPK/AKT/GSK3β pathway. However, these improving effects of SFN were abolished in AMPKα2-KO diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS AMPK is indispensable for the SFN-induced prevention of cardiomyopathy in T2D, and the activation of NRF2 by SFN is mediated by AMPK/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Immunology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Tianjiao Ma
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Al-Damry NT, Attia HA, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Mohamad RA, Al-Amin MA, Dizmiri N, Atteya M. Sitagliptin attenuates myocardial apoptosis via activating LKB-1/AMPK/Akt pathway and suppressing the activity of GSK-3β and p38α/MAPK in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:347-358. [PMID: 30099338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)-associated apoptosis and if this effect is mediated via modulating the activity of the survival kinases; AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt & the apoptotic kinases; glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and metformin (200 mg/kg/day, p.o. as positive control) for six weeks. Chronic hyperglycemia resulted in elevation of serum cardiac biomarkers reflecting cardiac damage which was supported by H&E stain. The mRNA levels of collagen types I and III were augmented reflecting cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy which was supported by Masson trichome stain and enhanced phosphorylation of p38MAPK. Cardiac protein levels of cleaved casapse-3, BAX were elevated, whereas, the levels of Bcl-2 and p-BAD were reduced indicating cardiac apoptosis which could be attributed to the diabetes-induced reduced phosphorylation of Akt and AMPK with concomitant augmented activation of GSK-3β and p38MAPK. Protein levels of liver kinase B-1, the upstream kinase of AMPK were also supressed. Sitagliptin administration alleviated the decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt, inactivated the GSK-3β and p38 AMPK, therefore, attenuating the apoptosis and hypertrophy induced by hyperglycemia in the diabetic heart. In conclusion, sitagliptin exhibits valuable therapeutic potential in the management of DCM by attenuating apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may involve the modulating activity of AMPK, Akt, GSK-3β and p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf T Al-Damry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nawal M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeesa A Mohamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nduna Dizmiri
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atteya
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Potential signaling pathways of acute endurance exercise-induced cardiac autophagy and mitophagy and its possible role in cardioprotection. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:639-654. [PMID: 28685325 PMCID: PMC5684252 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated cells and possess extremely limited regenerative capacity; therefore, preservation of mature cardiac myocytes throughout the individual's entire life span contributes substantially to healthy living. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent cellular catabolic process, is essential for normal cardiac function and mitochondria maintenance. Therefore, it may be reasonable to hypothesize that if endurance exercise promotes cardiac autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy or mitophagy, exercise-induced cardiac autophagy (EICA) or exercise-induced cardiac mitophagy (EICM) may confer propitious cellular environment and thus protect the heart against detrimental stresses, such as an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, although the body of evidence supporting EICA and EICM is growing, the molecular mechanisms of EICA and EICM and their possible roles in cardioprotection against an I/R injury are poorly understood. Here, we introduce the general mechanisms of autophagy in an attempt to integrate potential molecular pathways of EICA and EICM and also highlight a potential insight into EICA and EICM in cardioprotection against an I/R insult.
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Delbridge LMD, Mellor KM, Taylor DJR, Gottlieb RA. Myocardial autophagic energy stress responses--macroautophagy, mitophagy, and glycophagy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1194-204. [PMID: 25747748 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00002.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the role of autophagic processes in the management of cardiac metabolic stress responses is advancing rapidly and progressing beyond a conceptualization of the autophagosome as a simple cell recycling depot. The importance of autophagy dysregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy and in ischemic heart disease - both conditions comprising the majority of cardiac disease burden - has now become apparent. New findings have revealed that specific autophagic processes may operate in the cardiomyocyte, specialized for selective recognition and management of mitochondria and glycogen particles in addition to protein macromolecular structures. Thus mitophagy, glycophagy, and macroautophagy regulatory pathways have become the focus of intensive experimental effort, and delineating the signaling pathways involved in these processes offers potential for targeted therapeutic intervention. Chronically elevated macroautophagic activity in the diabetic myocardium is generally observed in association with structural and functional cardiomyopathy; yet there are also numerous reports of detrimental effect of autophagy suppression in diabetes. Autophagy induction has been identified as a key component of protective mechanisms that can be recruited to support the ischemic heart, but in this setting benefit may be mitigated by adverse downstream autophagic consequences. Recent report of glycophagy upregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy opens up a novel area of investigation. Similarly, a role for glycogen management in ischemia protection through glycophagy initiation is an exciting prospect under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - David J R Taylor
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Korkmaz-Icöz S, Lehner A, Li S, Vater A, Radovits T, Hegedűs P, Ruppert M, Brlecic P, Zorn M, Karck M, Szabó G. Mild Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Reduces the Susceptibility of the Heart to Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Identification of Underlying Gene Expression Changes. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:396414. [PMID: 26229969 PMCID: PMC4502305 DOI: 10.1155/2015/396414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical studies indicating that diabetic hearts are more sensitive to ischemia/reperfusion injury, experimental data is contradictory. Although mild diabetes prior to ischemia/reperfusion may induce a myocardial adaptation, further research is still needed. Nondiabetic Wistar (W) and type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (16-week-old) underwent 45 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 24 h reperfusion. The plasma glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic rats compared to the nondiabetics. Diabetes mellitus was associated with ventricular hypertrophy and increased interstitial fibrosis. Inducing myocardial infarction increased the glucose levels in diabetic compared to nondiabetic rats. Furthermore, the infarct size was smaller in GK rats than in the control group. Systolic and diastolic functions were impaired in W + MI and did not reach statistical significance in GK + MI animals compared to the corresponding controls. Among the 125 genes surveyed, 35 genes showed a significant change in expression in GK + MI compared to W + MI rats. Short-term diabetes promotes compensatory mechanisms that may provide cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, at least in part, by increased antioxidants and the upregulation of the prosurvival PI3K/Akt pathway, by the downregulation of apoptotic genes, proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, profibrogenic TGF-β, and hypertrophic marker α-actin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- *Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz:
| | - Alice Lehner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shiliang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Vater
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegedűs
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paige Brlecic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Zorn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Myocardial glycophagy - a specific glycogen handling response to metabolic stress is accentuated in the female heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 65:67-75. [PMID: 24080183 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac metabolic stress is a hallmark of many cardiac pathologies, including diabetes. Cardiac glycogen mis-handling is a frequent manifestation of various cardiopathologies. Diabetic females have a higher risk of heart disease than males, yet sex disparities in cardiac metabolic stress settings are not well understood. Oestrogen acts on key glycogen regulatory proteins. The goal of this study was to evaluate sex-specific metabolic stress-triggered cardiac glycogen handling responses. Male and female adult C57Bl/6J mice were fasted for 48h. Cardiac glycogen content, particle size, regulatory enzymes, signalling intermediates and autophagic processes were evaluated. Female hearts exhibited 51% lower basal glycogen content than males associated with lower AMP-activated-kinase (AMPK) activity (35% decrease in pAMPK:AMPK). With fasting, glycogen accumulated in female hearts linked with decreased particle size and upregulation of Akt and AMPK signalling, activation of glycogen synthase and inactivation of glycogen phosphorylase. Fasting did not alter glycogen content or regulatory proteins in male hearts. Expression of glycogen autophagy marker, starch-binding-protein-domain-1 (STBD1), was 63% lower in female hearts than males and increased by 69% with fasting in females only. Macro-autophagy markers, p62 and LC3BII:I ratio, increased with fasting in male and female hearts. This study identifies glycogen autophagy ('glycophagy') as a potentially important component of the response to cardiac metabolic stress. Glycogen autophagy occurs in association with a marked and selective accumulation of glycogen in the female myocardium. Our findings suggest that sex-specific differences in glycogen handling may have cardiopathologic consequences in various settings, including diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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13
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Shaker OG, Sadik NAH. Vaspin gene in rat adipose tissue: relation to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:229-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Budiono BP, See Hoe LE, Peart JN, Sabapathy S, Ashton KJ, Haseler LJ, Headrick JP. Voluntary running in mice beneficially modulates myocardial ischemic tolerance, signaling kinases, and gene expression patterns. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R1091-100. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00406.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise triggers hormesis, conditioning hearts against damaging consequences of subsequent ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). We test whether “low-stress” voluntary activity modifies I/R tolerance and molecular determinants of cardiac survival. Male C57BL/6 mice were provided 7-day access to locked (7SED) or rotating (7EX) running-wheels before analysis of cardiac prosurvival (Akt, ERK 1/2) and prodeath (GSK3β) kinases, transcriptomic adaptations, and functional tolerance of isolated hearts to 25-min ischemia/45-min reperfusion. Over 7 days, 7EX mice increased running from 2.1 ± 0.2 to 5.3 ± 0.3 km/day (mean speed 38 ± 2 m/min), with activity improving myocardial I/R tolerance: 7SED hearts recovered 43 ± 3% of ventricular force with diastolic contracture of 33 ± 3 mmHg, whereas 7EX hearts recovered 63 ± 5% of force with diastolic dysfunction reduced to 23 ± 2 mmHg ( P < 0.05). Cytosolic expression (total protein) of Akt and GSK3β was unaltered, while ERK 1/2 increased 30% in 7EX vs. 7SED hearts. Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK 1/2 was unaltered, whereas GSK3β phosphorylation increased ∼90%. Microarray interrogation identified significant changes (≥1.3-fold expression change, ≤5% FDR) in 142 known genes, the majority (92%) repressed. Significantly modified paths/networks related to inflammatory/immune function (particularly interferon-dependent), together with cell movement, growth, and death. Of only 14 induced transcripts, 3 encoded interrelated sarcomeric proteins titin, α-actinin, and myomesin-2, while transcripts for protective actin-stabilizing ND1-L and activator of mitochondrial biogenesis ALAS1 were also induced. There was no transcriptional evidence of oxidative heat-shock or other canonical “stress” responses. These data demonstrate that relatively brief voluntary activity substantially improves cardiac ischemic tolerance, an effect independent of shifts in Akt, but associated with increased total ERK 1/2 and phospho-inhibition of GSK3β. Transcriptomic data implicate inflammatory/immune and sarcomeric modulation in activity-dependent protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P. Budiono
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Louise E. See Hoe
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Jason N. Peart
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Surendran Sabapathy
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Kevin J. Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke J. Haseler
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - John P. Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and
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Zhao Y, Tan Y, Dai J, Wang B, Li B, Guo L, Cui J, Wang G, Li W, Cai L. Zinc deficiency exacerbates diabetic down-regulation of Akt expression and function in the testis: essential roles of PTEN, PTP1B and TRB3. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:1018-26. [PMID: 22000581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since zinc (Zn) plays an important role in the spermatogenesis and Zn deficiency exacerbated diabetes-induced testicular apoptosis, the present study investigated the effect of Zn deficiency on diabetes-induced testicular Akt-mediated glucose metabolism changes and inflammation. Zn deficiency was induced by chronic treatment of normal and diabetic mice with the Zn chelator N,N,N',N', tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediaminepentaethylene (TPEN). After diabetes onset induced by streptozotocin, both diabetic and age-matched control mice were given TPEN intraperitoneally for 4 months. Western blotting assay revealed that Akt-mediated glucose metabolism signaling was down-regulated in the diabetic testis and was further decreased in diabetic mice with Zn deficiency, reflected by reduced phosphorylation of both Akt and GSK-3β and increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase along with a disarrangement of fatty acid metabolism (increased expression of PPAR-α and decreased adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation). Testicular expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 as inflammatory factors were increased in the TPEN or diabetes-alone group, but not additive in the group of diabetes with Zn deficiency. A mechanistic study showed that Akt negative regulators phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B and Tribbles 3 all increased in diabetic testis and further increased in the testis of diabetic mice with Zn deficiency. These studies suggest that Zn deficiency significantly exacerbated diabetic down-regulation of Akt expression and function, most likely by up-regulation of Akt negative regulators. Therefore, prevention of Zn deficiency for diabetic patients is important in order to avoid the exacerbation of diabetic inhibition of glucose metabolism in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- The Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Kristiansen SB, Løfgren B, Nielsen JM, Støttrup NB, Buhl ES, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Nielsen TT, Rungby J, Flyvbjerg A, Bøtker HE. Comparison of two sulfonylureas with high and low myocardial K(ATP) channel affinity on myocardial infarct size and metabolism in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2011; 54:451-8. [PMID: 21104069 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sulfonylureas (SUs) may impair outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Most experimental studies of the myocardial effects of SU treatment are performed in non-diabetic models. We compared the effect of two widely used SUs, glibenclamide (gb) and gliclazide (gc), with high and low myocardial K(ATP) channel affinity, respectively, at therapeutic concentrations on infarct size, left ventricular (LV) function and myocardial glycogen, lactate and alanine content before and after ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Non-diabetic Wistar and diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat hearts were investigated in a Langendorff preparation. Gb (0.1 μmol/l) and gc (1.0 μmol/l) were administrated throughout the study. Infarct size was evaluated after 120 min of reperfusion. Myocardial metabolite content was measured before and after ischaemia. RESULTS Infarct size was smaller in diabetic hearts than in non-diabetic hearts (0.33 ± 0.03 vs 0.51 ± 0.05, p < 0.05). Gb increased infarct size (0.54 ± 0.04 vs 0.33 ± 0.03, p < 0.05) and reduced post-ischaemic LV developed pressure (60 ± 3 vs 76 ± 3 mmHg, p < 0.05) and coronary flow (4.9 ± 0.5 vs 7.1 ± 0.4 ml min(-1) g(-1), p < 0.05) in gb-treated diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. On comparing gb-treated diabetic rats with untreated diabetic rats, glycogen content was reduced before (9.1 ± 0.6 vs 13.6 ± 1.0 nmol/mg wet weight, p < 0.01) and after ischaemia (0.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.8 ± 0.2 nmol/mg wet weight, p < 0.05), and lactate (4.8 ± 0.4 vs 3.2 ± 0.3 nmol/mg wet weight, p < 0.01) and alanine (1.38 ± 0.12 vs 0.96 ± 0.09 nmol/mg wet weight, p < 0.05) contents were increased during reperfusion. Gc-treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic rats did not affect any of the measured variables. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS Gb, but not gc, exacerbates I/R injury and deteriorates LV function in diabetic hearts. These effects of gb on diabetic hearts may be due to detrimental effects on myocardial carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kristiansen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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17
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Wang Y, Feng W, Xue W, Tan Y, Hein DW, Li XK, Cai L. Inactivation of GSK-3beta by metallothionein prevents diabetes-related changes in cardiac energy metabolism, inflammation, nitrosative damage, and remodeling. Diabetes 2009; 58:1391-402. [PMID: 19324938 PMCID: PMC2682666 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta plays an important role in cardiomyopathies. Cardiac-specific metallothionein-overexpressing transgenic (MT-TG) mice were highly resistant to diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. Therefore, we investigated whether metallothionein cardiac protection against diabetes is mediated by inactivation of GSK-3beta. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in both MT-TG and wild-type mice. Changes of energy metabolism-related molecules, lipid accumulation, inflammation, nitrosative damage, and fibrotic remodeling were examined in the hearts of diabetic mice 2 weeks, 2 months, and 5 months after the onset of diabetes with Western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical assays. RESULTS Activation (dephosphorylation) of GSK-3beta was evidenced in the hearts of wild-type diabetic mice but not MT-TG diabetic mice. Correspondingly, cardiac glycogen synthase phosphorylation, hexokinase II, PPARalpha, and PGC-1alpha expression, which mediate glucose and lipid metabolisms, were significantly changed along with cardiac lipid accumulation, inflammation (TNF-alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [PAI-1], and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1]), nitrosative damage (3-nitrotyrosin accumulation), and fibrosis in the wild-type diabetic mice. The above pathological changes were completely prevented either by cardiac metallothionein in the MT-TG diabetic mice or by inhibition of GSK-3beta activity in the wild-type diabetic mice with a GSK-3beta-specific inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activation of GSK-3beta plays a critical role in diabetes-related changes in cardiac energy metabolism, inflammation, nitrosative damage, and remodeling. Metallothionein inactivation of GSK-3beta plays a critical role in preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Wang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Wenke Feng
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Wanli Xue
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - David W. Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
- Corresponding authors: Lu Cai, , and Xiao-Kun Li,
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Corresponding authors: Lu Cai, , and Xiao-Kun Li,
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18
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Fazakerley DJ, Lawrence SP, Lizunov VA, Cushman SW, Holman GD. A common trafficking route for GLUT4 in cardiomyocytes in response to insulin, contraction and energy-status signalling. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:727-34. [PMID: 19208760 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.041178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new mouse model has been developed to study the localisation and trafficking of the glucose transporter GLUT4 in muscle. The mouse line has specific expression of a GFP and HA-epitope-tagged version of GLUT4 under the control of a muscle-specific promoter. The exofacial HA-tag has enabled fluorescent labelling of only the GLUT4 exposed at the external surface. A distinction between sarcolemma labelling and transverse-tubule labelling has also been possible because the former compartment is much more accessible to intact anti-HA antibody. By contrast, the Fab fragment of the anti-HA antibody could readily detect GLUT4 at the surface of both the sarcolemma and transverse tubules. Here, we have used this mouse model to examine the route taken by cardiomyocyte GLUT4 as it moves to the limiting external membrane surface of sarcolemma and transverse-tubules in response to insulin, contraction or activators of energy-status signalling, including hypoxia. HA-GLUT4-GFP is largely excluded from the sarcolemma and transverse-tubule membrane of cardiomyocytes under basal conditions, but is similarly trafficked to these membrane surfaces after stimulation with insulin, contraction or hypoxia. Internalisation of sarcolemma GLUT4 has been investigated by pulse-labelling surface GLUT4 with intact anti-HA antibody. At early stages of internalisation, HA-tagged GLUT4 colocalises with clathrin at puncta at the sarcolemma, indicating that in cells returning to a basal state, GLUT4 is removed from external membranes by a clathrin-mediated route. We also observed colocalisation of GLUT4 with clathrin under basal conditions. At later stages of internalisation and at steady state, anti-HA antibody labeled-GLUT4 originating from the sarcolemma was predominantly detected in a peri-nuclear compartment, indistinguishable among the specific initial stimuli. These results taken together imply a common pathway for internalisation of GLUT4, independent of the initial stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Lajoie C, Béliveau L, Trudeau F, Lavoie N, Massicotte G, Gagnon S, Calderone A. The rapid onset of hyperglycaemia in ZDF rats was associated with a widespread alteration of metabolic proteins implicated in glucose metabolism in the heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:1205-13. [PMID: 17218985 DOI: 10.1139/y06-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that the phosphorylation and regulation of metabolic proteins implicated in glucose homeostasis were impaired in the heart of the type 2 diabetic Zucker-diabetic-fatty (ZDF) rat model. The onset of hyperglycaemia in ZDF rats was not uniform, instead it either progressed rapidly (3-4 weeks) or was delayed (6-8 weeks). In both the early and late onset hyperglycaemic ZDF rats, AMPKalpha Thr172 phosphorylation in the heart was significantly decreased. In the early onset hyperglycaemic ZDF rats, PKB Ser473 phosphorylation was reduced, whereas Thr308 phosphorylation was significantly increased. In the late onset hyperglycaemic ZDF rats, PKB Ser473 phosphorylation was unchanged, but Thr308 phosphorylation remained elevated. Cardiac GLUT4 protein and mRNA expression were significantly reduced in the early onset hyperglycaemic ZDF rats, whereas increased protein expression was observed in the late onset hyperglycaemic ZDF rats. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that following a more rapid onset of hyperglycaemia, the type 2 diabetic heart is more prone to alterations in the signaling proteins implicated in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Lajoie
- Department of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
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20
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Ghosh S, Rodrigues B, Ren J. Rat Models of Cardiac Insulin Resistance. METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE™ 2007; 139:113-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-571-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rice KM, Desai DH, Kakarla SK, Katta A, Preston DL, Wehner P, Blough ER. Diabetes alters vascular mechanotransduction: pressure-induced regulation of mitogen activated protein kinases in the rat inferior vena cava. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2006; 5:18. [PMID: 16961925 PMCID: PMC1592078 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-5-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for increased vein graft failure after bypass surgery. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying vessel attrition in this population remain largely unexplored. Recent reports have suggested that the pathological remodeling of vein grafts may be mediated by mechanically-induced activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and the MAPK-related induction of caspase-3 activity. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that diabetes may be associated with alterations in how veins "sense" and "respond" to altered mechanical loading. Methods Inferior venae cavae (IVC) from the non-diabetic lean (LNZ) and the diabetic obese (OSXZ) Zucker rats were isolated and incubated ex vivo under basal or pressurized conditions (120 mmHg). Protein expression, basal activation and the ability of increased pressure to activate MAPK pathways and apoptosis-related signaling was evaluated by immunoblot analysis. Results Immunoblot analyses revealed differential expression and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs in the IVCs of diabetic rats as compared to non-diabetic rats. In particular, the expression and basal phosphorylation of p38β- (52.3 ± 11.8%; 45.8 ± 18.2%), JNK 1- (21.5 ± 9.3%; 19.4 ± 11.6%) and JNK3-MAPK (16.8 ± 3.3%; 29.5 ± 17.6%) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the diabetic vena cava. An acute increase in IVC intraluminal pressure failed to increase the phosphorylation of ERK1-, JNK-2, or any of the p38-MAPKs in the diabetic obese Zucker rats. Also, IVC loading in the LNZ led to a 276.0 ± 36.0% and 85.8 ± 25.1% (P < 0.05) increase in the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9, respectively, with no effect on these molecules in the OSXZ. No differences were found in the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 between groups. However, basal expression levels of Akt, phospho-Akt, PTEN, phospho-PTEN and phospho-Bad were higher in the diabetic venae cavae (P < 0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that diabetes is associated with significant alteration in the ability of the vena cava to activate MAPK- and apoptosis-related signaling. Whether these changes are associated with the increased vein graft attrition seen in the diabetic population will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Rice
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Devashish H Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Sunil K Kakarla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Anjaiah Katta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Deborah L Preston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Paulette Wehner
- Department of Cardiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Eric R Blough
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Robertson LA, Kim AJ, Werstuck GH. Mechanisms linking diabetes mellitus to the development of atherosclerosis: a role for endoplasmic reticulum stress and glycogen synthase kinase-3. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 84:39-48. [PMID: 16845889 DOI: 10.1139/y05-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent decades have seen a significant increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus. The number of individuals with diabetes is projected to reach 300 million by the year 2025. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, renal failure, lower limb amputation, and an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD)--a leading cause of death in Western society. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus promotes atherosclerosis is essential to developing methods to treat and prevent diabetes-associated CVD. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which diabetes may promote atherogenesis and specifically focuses on a novel pathway linking these 2 conditions. We hypothesize that the accumulation of intracellular glucosamine observed in conditions of chronic hyperglycaemia may promote atherogenesis via a mechanism involving dysregulated protein folding, activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and increased glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 activity. The identification of this novel mechanism provides a promising hypothesis and multiple new targets for potential therapeutic intervention in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Gosselin H, Béliveau L, Burelle Y, Clément R, Lajoie C, El-Helou V, Calderone A. Disparate regulation of signaling proteins after exercise and myocardial infarction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38:455-62. [PMID: 16540832 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000205138.02440.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The signaling proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (PKB) were implicated in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The present study examined whether the progression of physiological eccentric cardiac hypertrophy was associated with ERK1/2 and PKB recruitment. METHODS AND RESULTS Following 1 and 3 wk of voluntary exercise, female Sprague-Dawley rats ran a total distance of 55 +/- 10 and 195 +/- 19 km, respectively. Left ventricular hypertrophy was detected in 3-wk-exercised rats, albeit prepro-ANP protein expression was unchanged. ERK1/2 was not recruited in the left ventricle (LV) of either 1-wk-exercised rats or the hypertrophied LV of 3-wk-exercised rats. In 1-wk-exercised rats, PKB Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation were significantly reduced, whereas a selective increase of PKB Ser473 phosphorylation was observed in the hypertrophied LV of 3-wk-exercised rats. In both 1- and 3-wk-exercised rats, an upward electrophoretic mobility band shift of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70 S6K) was detected. In 1-wk post-myocardial-infarcted (MI) female Sprague-Dawley rats, scar formation was associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In the hypertrophied noninfarcted left ventricle (NILV), ERK1/2, p70 S6K, PKB Ser473, and Thr308 phosphorylation were increased. CONCLUSIONS These data support the premise that ERK1/2 and PKB were differentially regulated during the development of eccentric physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. It remains to be determined whether the chronic activation of either ERK1/2 and/or PKB in the NILV of post-MI rats may contribute in part to maladaptive cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Gosselin
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Lajoie C, Calderone A, Béliveau L. Exercise training enhanced the expression of myocardial proteins related to cell protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch 2004; 449:26-32. [PMID: 15290300 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-004-1307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training could potentially exert beneficial effects on the signaling events associated with cardiac cell apoptosis. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were trained 5 days/week on a treadmill (18 m/min for 120 min/day) between the ages of 4 weeks and 1 week, corresponding to the hypertensive accelerating phase. The effect of exercise training on the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins HSP-72, Bcl-2 and protein kinase B (PKB), and the apoptotic proteins Bax and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was examined. Exercise had a significant acute lowering effect on blood pressure, but this decrease did not attenuate the progressive increase in blood pressure. In the left ventricles of exercised SHR, PKB phosphorylation of both Ser473 and Thr308 residues was significantly increased by 166% and 120%, respectively, compared to sedentary SHR. PKB phosphorylation significantly correlated with GSK-3beta phosphorylation. HSP-72 and Bcl-2 protein expression were increased in the left ventricle of exercised SHR, and associated with the concomitant increased expression of the protein Bax. Thus, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was not changed by exercise training, suggesting that the anti-apoptotic mechanism was effective in compensating the increase in the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax in the myocardium of the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Lajoie
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Succ. Centre-ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal H3C 3J7, Canada
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