1
|
Hou Y, Laasmaa M, Li J, Shen X, Manfra O, Norden ES, Le C, Zhang L, Sjaastad I, Jones PP, Soeller C, Louch WE. Live-cell photo-activated localization microscopy correlates nanoscale ryanodine receptor configuration to calcium sparks in cardiomyocytes. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:251-267. [PMID: 38803363 PMCID: PMC7616007 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+ sparks constitute the fundamental units of Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes. Here we investigate how ryanodine receptors (RyRs) collectively generate these events by employing a transgenic mouse with a photo-activated label on RyR2. This allowed correlative imaging of RyR localization, by super-resolution Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy, and Ca2+ sparks, by high-speed imaging. Two populations of Ca2+ sparks were observed: stationary events and "travelling" events that spread between neighbouring RyR clusters. Travelling sparks exhibited up to 8 distinct releases, sourced from local or distal junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. Quantitative analyses showed that sparks may be triggered by any number of RyRs within a cluster, and that acute β-adrenergic stimulation augments intra-cluster RyR recruitment to generate larger events. In contrast, RyR "dispersion" during heart failure facilitates the generation of travelling sparks. Thus, RyRs cooperatively generate Ca2+ sparks in a complex, malleable fashion, and channel organization regulates the propensity for local propagation of Ca2+ release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hou
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Laasmaa
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xin Shen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ornella Manfra
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar S. Norden
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Christopher Le
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Peter P. Jones
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - William E. Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar RA, Hahn D, Kelley RC, Muscato DR, Shamoun A, Curbelo-Bermudez N, Butler WG, Yegorova S, Ryan TE, Ferreira LF. Skeletal muscle Nox4 knockout prevents and Nox2 knockout blunts loss of maximal diaphragm force in mice with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:23-32. [PMID: 36436728 PMCID: PMC10191720 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) experience diaphragm weakness that contributes to the primary disease symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance. Weakness in the diaphragm is related to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the exact source of ROS remains unknown. NAD(P)H Oxidases (Nox), particularly the Nox2 and 4 isoforms, are important sources of ROS within skeletal muscle that contribute to optimal cell function. There are reports of increased Nox activity in the diaphragm of patients and animal models of HFrEF, implicating these complexes as possible sources of diaphragm dysfunction in HFrEF. To investigate the role of these proteins on diaphragm weakness in HFrEF, we generated inducible skeletal muscle specific knockouts of Nox2 or Nox4 using the Cre-Lox system and assessed diaphragm function in a mouse model of HFrEF induced by myocardial infarction. Diaphragm maximal specific force measured in vitro was depressed by ∼20% with HFrEF. Skeletal muscle knockout of Nox4 provided full protection against the loss of maximal force (p < 0.01), while the knockout of Nox2 provided partial protection (7% depression, p < 0.01). Knockout of Nox2 from skeletal myofibers improved survival from 50 to 80% following myocardial infarction (p = 0.026). Our findings show an important role for skeletal muscle NAD(P)H Oxidases contributing to loss of diaphragm maximal force in HFrEF, along with systemic pathophysiological responses following myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi A Kumar
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dongwoo Hahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel C Kelley
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Endocrine Society, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Derek R Muscato
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alex Shamoun
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nuria Curbelo-Bermudez
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - W Greyson Butler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Svetlana Yegorova
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Romaine A, Melleby AO, Alam J, Lobert VH, Lu N, Lockwood FE, Hasic A, Lunde IG, Sjaastad I, Stenmark H, Herum KM, Gullberg D, Christensen G. Integrin α11β1 and syndecan-4 dual receptor ablation attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in the pressure overloaded heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H1057-H1071. [PMID: 35522553 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00635.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathological myocardial hypertrophy in response to an increase in left ventricular (LV) afterload may ultimately lead to heart failure. Cell surface receptors bridge the interface between the cell and the ECM in cardiac myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, and have been suggested to be important mediators of pathological myocardial hypertrophy. We identify for the first time that integrin α11 (α11) is preferentially upregulated amongst integrin beta 1 heterodimer-forming α subunits in response to increased afterload induced by aortic banding (AB) in wild type mice (WT). Mice were anesthetized in a chamber with 4% isoflurane and 95% oxygen before being intubated and ventilated with 2.5% isoflurane and 97% oxygen. For pre- and post-operative analgesia, animals were administered 0.02 mL buprenorphine (0.3 mg/mL) subcutaneously. Surprisingly, mice lacking α11 develop myocardial hypertrophy following AB comparable to WT. In the mice lacking α11, we further show a compensatory increase in the expression of another mechanoreceptor, syndecan-4, following AB compared to WT AB mice, indicating that syndecan-4 compensated for lack of α11. Intriguingly, mice lacking mechanoreceptors α11 and syndecan-4 show ablated myocardial hypertrophy following AB compared to WT mice. Expression of the main cardiac collagen isoforms col1a2 and col3a1 was significantly reduced in AB mice lacking mechanoreceptors α11 and syndecan-4 compared to WT AB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Olav Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jahedul Alam
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ning Lu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francesca E Lockwood
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Almira Hasic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kate M Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lauritzen KH, Olsen MB, Ahmed MS, Yang K, Rinholm JE, Bergersen LH, Esbensen QY, Sverkeli LJ, Ziegler M, Attramadal H, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P, Yndestad A. Instability in NAD + metabolism leads to impaired cardiac mitochondrial function and communication. eLife 2021; 10:59828. [PMID: 34343089 PMCID: PMC8331182 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes initiate (mt)DNA repair mechanisms and use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as energy source. Prolonged PARP activity can drain cellular NAD+ reserves, leading to de-regulation of important molecular processes. Here, we provide evidence of a pathophysiological mechanism that connects mtDNA damage to cardiac dysfunction via reduced NAD+ levels and loss of mitochondrial function and communication. Using a transgenic model, we demonstrate that high levels of mice cardiomyocyte mtDNA damage cause a reduction in NAD+ levels due to extreme DNA repair activity, causing impaired activation of NAD+-dependent SIRT3. In addition, we show that myocardial mtDNA damage in combination with high dosages of nicotinamideriboside (NR) causes an inhibition of sirtuin activity due to accumulation of nicotinamide (NAM), in addition to irregular cardiac mitochondrial morphology. Consequently, high doses of NR should be used with caution, especially when cardiomyopathic symptoms are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and instability of mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Knut H Lauritzen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Belland Olsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammed Shakil Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kuan Yang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Linda H Bergersen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qin Ying Esbensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | | | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luong H, Singh S, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P. Cardiac glycosaminoglycans and structural alterations during chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2044-H2057. [PMID: 33834865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00635.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its complications; however, causal mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigate cardiac structural and functional alterations and associated changes in myocardial glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) disaccharide profile in mice that exhibit depression-like behavior. Mice were assigned to the chronic mild stress (CMS) group and nonstress control group (CT). The CMS group was exposed to a series of mild, unpredictable stressors for 7 wk. Mice in the CMS group show a significant decrease in protein expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and exhibit depression-like behavioral changes, such as learned helplessness and decreased exploration behavior, as compared with the control group. Although cardiac function remained unchanged between the groups, echocardiography analysis showed slightly increased left ventricular wall thickness in the CMS group. Furthermore, the CMS group shows an increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and an associated decrease in BDNF protein expression and increase in IL-6 mRNA expression, when compared with control mice. GAG disaccharide analysis of the left ventricles of the CMS and CT mice revealed an elevation in heparan (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) content in the CMS hearts (35.3% and 17.9%, respectively, vs. control group). Furthermore, we also observed that unsulfated or monosulfated disaccharides were the most abundant units; however, we did not find any significant difference in mole percent or sulfation pattern of HS/CS disaccharides between the groups. The current investigation highlights a need for further research to explore the relationship between cardiac GAGs biology and myocardial remodeling as a causal mechanism that underlie cardiovascular complications in patients with MDD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Comorbidity between depression and CVD is well established, whereas its etiology, especially the role of nonfibrous components (proteoglycans/GAGs) of the extracellular matrix, is unexplored. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize cardiac proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan profile in response to depression-like behavioral changes in mice. We observed that chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression-like behavior and alterations in glycosaminoglycan profile were associated with structural changes in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hien Luong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sarojini Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yegorova S, Yegorov O, Ferreira LF. RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional signature of pathological remodeling in the diaphragm of rats after myocardial infarction. Gene 2020; 770:145356. [PMID: 33333219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, and the chronic phase post-myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by diaphragm morphological, contractile, and metabolic abnormalities. However, the mechanisms of diaphragm weakness are not fully understood. In the current study, we aimed to identify the transcriptome changes associated with diaphragm abnormalities in the chronic stage MI. We ligated the left coronary artery to cause MI in rats and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) in diaphragm samples 16 weeks post-surgery. The sham group underwent thoracotomy and pericardiotomy but no artery ligation. We identified 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) out of a total of 9664 genes. Myocardial infarction upregulated and downregulated 42 and 70 genes, respectively. Analysis of DEGs in the framework of skeletal muscle-specific biological networks suggest remodeling in the neuromuscular junction, extracellular matrix, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, and changes in metabolism and iron homeostasis. Overall, the data are consistent with pathological remodeling of the diaphragm and reveal potential biological targets to prevent diaphragm weakness in the chronic stage MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Yegorova
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Oleg Yegorov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
González A, Nome CG, Bendiksen BA, Sjaastad I, Zhang L, Aleksandersen M, Taubøll E, Aurlien D, Heuser K. Assessment of cardiac structure and function in a murine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2020; 161:106300. [PMID: 32126491 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a significant cause of premature seizure-related death. An association between SUDEP and cardiac remodeling has been suggested. However, whether SUDEP is a direct consequence of acute or recurrent seizures is unsettled. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of status epilepticus (SE) and chronic seizures on myocardial structure and function. We used the intracortical kainate injection model of temporal lobe epilepsy to elicit SE and chronic epilepsy in mice. In total, 24 C57/BL6 mice (13 kainate, 11 sham) were studied 2 and 30 days post-injection. Cardiac structure and function were investigated in-vivo with a 9.4 T MRI, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and histology [Haematoxylin/Eosin (HE) and Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB)] for staining of collagen proliferation and fibrin accumulation. In conclusion, we did not detect any significant changes in cardiac structure and function neither in mice 2 days nor 30 days post-injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba González
- Dep. of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bård Andre Bendiksen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (IEMR), Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (IEMR), Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (IEMR), Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Aleksandersen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Erik Taubøll
- Dep. of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Aurlien
- Neuroscience Research Group and Dep. of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kjell Heuser
- Dep. of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Diaphragm weakness and proteomics (global and redox) modifications in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:238-249. [PMID: 32035137 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inspiratory dysfunction occurs in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in a manner that depends on disease severity and by mechanisms that are not fully understood. In the current study, we tested whether HFrEF effects on diaphragm (inspiratory muscle) depend on disease severity and examined putative mechanisms for diaphragm abnormalities via global and redox proteomics. We allocated male rats into Sham, moderate (mHFrEF), or severe HFrEF (sHFrEF) induced by myocardial infarction and examined the diaphragm muscle. Both mHFrEF and sHFrEF caused atrophy in type IIa and IIb/x fibers. Maximal and twitch specific forces (N/cm2) were decreased by 19 ± 10% and 28 ± 13%, respectively, in sHFrEF (p < .05), but not in mHFrEF. Global proteomics revealed upregulation of sarcomeric proteins and downregulation of ribosomal and glucose metabolism proteins in sHFrEF. Redox proteomics showed that sHFrEF increased reversibly oxidized cysteine in cytoskeletal and thin filament proteins and methionine in skeletal muscle α-actin (range 0.5 to 3.3-fold; p < .05). In conclusion, fiber atrophy plus contractile dysfunction caused diaphragm weakness in HFrEF. Decreased ribosomal proteins and heighted reversible oxidation of protein thiols are candidate mechanisms for atrophy or anabolic resistance as well as loss of specific force in sHFrEF.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sokolova M, Sjaastad I, Louwe MC, Alfsnes K, Aronsen JM, Zhang L, Haugstad SB, Bendiksen BA, Øgaard J, Bliksøen M, Lien E, Berge RK, Aukrust P, Ranheim T, Yndestad A. NLRP3 Inflammasome Promotes Myocardial Remodeling During Diet-Induced Obesity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1621. [PMID: 31379826 PMCID: PMC6648799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder in the modern world and is associated with structural and functional changes in the heart. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an innate immune sensor that can be activated in response to endogenous danger signals and triggers activation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Increasing evidence points to the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, and we hypothesized that it also could play a role in the development of obesity induced cardiac alterations. Methods and Results: WT, Nlrp3−/−, and ASC−/− (Pycard−/−) male mice were exposed to high fat diet (HFD; 60 cal% fat) or control diet for 52 weeks. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Whereas, NLRP3 and ASC deficiency did not affect the cardiac hypertrophic response to obesity, it was preventive against left ventricle concentric remodeling and impairment of diastolic function. Furthermore, whereas NLRP3 and ASC deficiency attenuated systemic inflammation in HFD fed mice; long-term HFD did not induce significant cardiac fibrosis or inflammation, suggesting that the beneficial effects of NLRP3 inflammasome deficiency on myocardial remodeling at least partly reflect systemic mechanisms. Nlrp3 and ASC (Pycard) deficient mice were also protected against obesity-induced systemic metabolic dysregulation, as well as lipid accumulation and impaired insulin signaling in hepatic and cardiac tissues. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome modulates cardiac concentric remodeling in obesity through effects on systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbances, with effect on insulin signaling as a potential mediator within the myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sokolova
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mieke C Louwe
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Alfsnes
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig B Haugstad
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bård Andre Bendiksen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Øgaard
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Bliksøen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohammadzadeh N, Lunde IG, Andenæs K, Strand ME, Aronsen JM, Skrbic B, Marstein HS, Bandlien C, Nygård S, Gorham J, Sjaastad I, Chakravarti S, Christensen G, Engebretsen KVT, Tønnessen T. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan lumican improves survival and counteracts cardiac dilatation and failure in mice subjected to pressure overload. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9206. [PMID: 31235849 PMCID: PMC6591256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a key step in transition to heart failure (HF) in response to pressure overload. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) contains fibrillar collagens and proteoglycans, important for maintaining tissue integrity. Alterations in collagen production and cross-linking are associated with cardiac LV dilatation and HF. Lumican (LUM) is a collagen binding proteoglycan with increased expression in hearts of patients and mice with HF, however, its role in cardiac function remains poorly understood. To examine the role of LUM in pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling, we subjected LUM knock-out (LUMKO) mice to aortic banding (AB) and treated cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) with LUM. LUMKO mice exhibited increased mortality 1-14 days post-AB. Echocardiography revealed increased LV dilatation, altered hypertrophic remodeling and exacerbated contractile dysfunction in surviving LUMKO 1-10w post-AB. LUMKO hearts showed reduced collagen expression and cross-linking post-AB. Transcriptional profiling of LUMKO hearts by RNA sequencing revealed 714 differentially expressed transcripts, with enrichment of cardiotoxicity, ECM and inflammatory pathways. CFB treated with LUM showed increased mRNAs for markers of myofibroblast differentiation, proliferation and expression of ECM molecules important for fibrosis, including collagens and collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase. In conclusion, we report the novel finding that lack of LUM attenuates collagen cross-linking in the pressure-overloaded heart, leading to increased mortality, dilatation and contractile dysfunction in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kine Andenæs
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Bandlien
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, PhD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, NYU Langone Health, Alexandria Life Sciences Center, West Tower, New York, NY, NY10011, USA
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rituximab prevents and reverses cardiac remodeling by depressing B cell function in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108804. [PMID: 30909146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes have been shown to contribute to autoimmune diseases via producing antibodies and proinflammatory cytokines. Depletion of B cells by blocking CD20 can inhibit these diseases. Here we examined whether an antibody against CD20, rituximab (RTX) (Rituxan@), used clinically in oncology could have similar anti-inflammatory effects in cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF) in mice. Cardiac remodeling was established by pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to pressure overload by using transverse aortic constriction and then received RTX for 4 weeks. Administration of RTX markedly improves in vivo heart function, and suppressed heart chamber dilation, myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice after TAC operation. RTX treatment also reversed established hypertrophic remodeling induced by TAC. Moreover, TAC-induced activation of multiple signaling pathways including calcineurin A, ERK1/2, STAT3, TGFβ/Smad2/3 and IKKα/β/NF-kB were remarkably attenuated in RTX-treated hearts compared with controls. These inhibitory effects of RTX were associated with inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression and Th2 cytokine-mediated IgG production from B cells. In conclusion, this study identifies that administration of RTX can inhibit pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in mice, and suggest that RTX may be a promising drug for treating hypertrophic disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, Du W, Li M, Zhang Y, Li H, Sun K, Liu J, Dong P, Meng X, Yi W, Yang L, Zhao R, Hu J. The β subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase GUCY1B3 exerts cardioprotective effects against ischemic injury via the PKCε/Akt pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3071-3081. [PMID: 30485489 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Kai Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Pengxia Dong
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Xianda Meng
- Department of Cardiology Dalian (Municipal) Friendship Hospital Dalian China
| | - Wensi Yi
- Department of Institution of Interventional and Vascular Surgery Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Institution of Interventional and Vascular Surgery Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Ruiping Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Olsen MB, Hildrestrand GA, Scheffler K, Vinge LE, Alfsnes K, Palibrk V, Wang J, Neurauter CG, Luna L, Johansen J, Øgaard JDS, Ohm IK, Slupphaug G, Kuśnierczyk A, Fiane AE, Brorson SH, Zhang L, Gullestad L, Louch WE, Iversen PO, Østlie I, Klungland A, Christensen G, Sjaastad I, Sætrom P, Yndestad A, Aukrust P, Bjørås M, Finsen AV. NEIL3-Dependent Regulation of Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation Prevents Myocardial Rupture. Cell Rep 2017; 18:82-92. [PMID: 28052262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a reparative response involving fibroblast proliferation and differentiation driving extracellular matrix modulation necessary to form a stabilizing scar. Recently, it was shown that a genetic variant of the base excision repair enzyme NEIL3 was associated with increased risk of MI in humans. Here, we report elevated myocardial NEIL3 expression in heart failure patients and marked myocardial upregulation of Neil3 after MI in mice, especially in a fibroblast-enriched cell fraction. Neil3-/- mice show increased mortality after MI caused by myocardial rupture. Genome-wide analysis of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) reveals changes in the cardiac epigenome, including in genes related to the post-MI transcriptional response. Differentially methylated genes are enriched in pathways related to proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Accordingly, Neil3-/- ruptured hearts show increased proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. We propose that NEIL3-dependent modulation of DNA methylation regulates cardiac fibroblast proliferation and thereby affects extracellular matrix modulation after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Olsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn A Hildrestrand
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Alfsnes
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vuk Palibrk
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Junbai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine G Neurauter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Luisa Luna
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Johansen
- Bioinformatics Core Facility-BioCore , Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas D S Øgaard
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid K Ohm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility-PROMEC, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility-PROMEC, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnt E Fiane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre-Henning Brorson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Østlie
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Bioinformatics Core Facility-BioCore , Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Alexandra V Finsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Interleukin-2/Anti-Interleukin-2 Immune Complex Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction through Expansion of Regulatory T Cells. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8493767. [PMID: 27144181 PMCID: PMC4837274 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8493767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have protective effects in wound healing and adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesize that the interleukin- (IL-) 2 complex comprising the recombinant mouse IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb (JES6-1) attenuates cardiac remodeling after MI through the expansion of Treg. Mice were subjected to surgical left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and treated with either PBS or IL-2 complex. The IL-2 complex significantly attenuates ventricular remodeling, as demonstrated by reduced infarct size, improved left ventricular (LV) function, and attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The IL-2 complex increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells, which may be recruited to the infarcted heart, and decreased the frequencies of IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper (Th) cells among the CD4+Foxp3− T cells in the spleen. Furthermore, the IL-2 complex inhibited the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines as well as macrophage infiltrates in the infarcted myocardium and induced the differentiation of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype in border zone of infarcted myocardium. Our studies indicate that the IL-2 complex may serve as a promising therapeutic approach to attenuate adverse remodeling after MI through expanding Treg cells specifically.
Collapse
|
15
|
Laitano O, Ahn B, Patel N, Coblentz PD, Smuder AJ, Yoo JK, Christou DD, Adhihetty PJ, Ferreira LF. Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species counteracts diaphragm weakness in chronic heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:733-42. [PMID: 26846552 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00822.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphragm muscle weakness in chronic heart failure (CHF) is caused by elevated oxidants and exacerbates breathing abnormalities, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea. However, the specific source of oxidants that cause diaphragm weakness is unknown. We examined whether mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause diaphragm weakness in CHF by testing the hypothesis that CHF animals treated with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant have normal diaphragm function. Rats underwent CHF or sham surgery. Eight weeks after surgeries, we administered a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoTEMPO; 1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or sterile saline (Vehicle). Left ventricular dysfunction (echocardiography) pre- and posttreatment and morphological abnormalities were consistent with the presence of CHF. CHF elicited a threefold (P < 0.05) increase in diaphragm mitochondrial H2O2 emission, decreased diaphragm glutathione content by 23%, and also depressed twitch and maximal tetanic force by ∼20% in Vehicle-treated animals compared with Sham (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Diaphragm mitochondrial H2O2 emission, glutathione content, and twitch and maximal tetanic force were normal in CHF animals receiving MitoTEMPO. Neither CHF nor MitoTEMPO altered the diaphragm protein levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases (CuZn-SOD or MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. In both Vehicle and MitoTEMPO groups, CHF elicited a ∼30% increase in cytochrome c oxidase activity, whereas there were no changes in citrate synthase activity. Our data suggest that elevated mitochondrial H2O2 emission causes diaphragm weakness in CHF. Moreover, changes in protein levels of antioxidant enzymes or mitochondrial content do not seem to mediate the increase in mitochondria H2O2 emission in CHF and protective effects of MitoTEMPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Philip D Coblentz
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ashley J Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter J Adhihetty
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma L, Ambalavanan N, Liu H, Sun Y, Jhala N, Bradley WE, Dell'Italia LJ, Michalek S, Wu H, Steele C, Benza RL, Chen Y. TLR4 regulates pulmonary vascular homeostasis and remodeling via redox signaling. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:397-409. [PMID: 26709781 DOI: 10.2741/4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) contributes to morbidity and mortality of patients with lung and heart diseases. We demonstrated that hypoxia induced PAH and increased pulmonary arterial wall thickness in wild-type mice. Mice deficient in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4-/-) spontaneously developed PAH, which was not further enhanced by hypoxia. Echocardiography determined right ventricular hypertrophy and decreased pulmonary arterial acceleration time were associated with the development of PAH in TLR4(-/-) mice. In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), hypoxia decreased TLR4 expression and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nox1/Nox4. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase decreased hypoxia-induced proliferation of wild-type PASMC. PASMC derived from TLR4(-/-) mice exhibited increased ROS and Nox4/Nox1 expression. Our studies demonstrate an important role of TLR4 in maintaining normal pulmonary vasculature and in hypoxia-induced PAH. Inhibition of TLR4, by genetic ablation or hypoxia, increases the expression of Nox1/Nox4 and induces PASMC proliferation and vascular remodeling. These results support a novel function of TLR4 in regulating the development of PAH and reveal a new regulatory axis contributing to TLR4 deficiency-induced vascular hypertrophy and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, *current address: Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital ,Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Nirag Jhala
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294; VA Medical Center, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Sue Michalek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Raymond L Benza
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; VA Medical Center, Birmingham AL 35294,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Santos A, Fernández-Friera L, Villalba M, López-Melgar B, España S, Mateo J, Mota RA, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Ruiz-Cabello J. Cardiovascular imaging: what have we learned from animal models? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26539113 PMCID: PMC4612690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has become an indispensable tool for patient diagnosis and follow up. Probably the wide clinical applications of imaging are due to the possibility of a detailed and high quality description and quantification of cardiovascular system structure and function. Also phenomena that involve complex physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways, such as inflammation and ischemia, can be visualized in a non-destructive way. The widespread use and evolution of imaging would not have been possible without animal studies. Animal models have allowed for instance, (i) the technical development of different imaging tools, (ii) to test hypothesis generated from human studies and finally, (iii) to evaluate the translational relevance assessment of in vitro and ex-vivo results. In this review, we will critically describe the contribution of animal models to the use of biomedical imaging in cardiovascular medicine. We will discuss the characteristics of the most frequent models used in/for imaging studies. We will cover the major findings of animal studies focused in the cardiovascular use of the repeatedly used imaging techniques in clinical practice and experimental studies. We will also describe the physiological findings and/or learning processes for imaging applications coming from models of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, imaging research using animals has allowed the study of aspects such as: ventricular size, shape, global function, and wall thickening, local myocardial function, myocardial perfusion, metabolism and energetic assessment, infarct quantification, vascular lesion characterization, myocardial fiber structure, and myocardial calcium uptake. Finally we will discuss the limitations and future of imaging research with animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain ; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Charles River Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de La Princesa Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dhondup Y, Sjaastad I, Scott H, Sandanger Ø, Zhang L, Haugstad SB, Aronsen JM, Ranheim T, Holmen SD, Alfsnes K, Ahmed MS, Attramadal H, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Christensen G, Yndestad A, Vinge LE. Sustained Toll-Like Receptor 9 Activation Promotes Systemic and Cardiac Inflammation, and Aggravates Diastolic Heart Failure in SERCA2a KO Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139715. [PMID: 26461521 PMCID: PMC4604200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cardiac inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, the consequence of systemic inflammation on concomitant established heart failure, and in particular diastolic heart failure, is less explored. Here we investigated the impact of systemic inflammation, caused by sustained Toll-like receptor 9 activation, on established diastolic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Diastolic heart failure was established in 8-10 week old cardiomyocyte specific, inducible SERCA2a knock out (i.e., SERCA2a KO) C57Bl/6J mice. Four weeks after conditional KO, mice were randomized to receive Toll-like receptor 9 agonist (CpG B; 2μg/g body weight) or PBS every third day. After additional four weeks, echocardiography, phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging, histology, flow cytometry, and cardiac RNA analyses were performed. A subgroup was followed, registering morbidity and death. Non-heart failure control groups treated with CpG B or PBS served as controls. Our main findings were: (i) Toll-like receptor 9 activation (CpG B) reduced life expectancy in SERCA2a KO mice compared to PBS treated SERCA2a KO mice. (ii) Diastolic function was lower in SERCA2a KO mice with Toll-like receptor 9 activation. (iii) Toll-like receptor 9 stimulated SERCA2a KO mice also had increased cardiac and systemic inflammation. CONCLUSION Sustained activation of Toll-like receptor 9 causes cardiac and systemic inflammation, and deterioration of SERCA2a depletion-mediated diastolic heart failure.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Diastole
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/metabolism
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/pathology
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/physiopathology
- Hydroxyproline/metabolism
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mortality, Premature
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Organ Size
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/deficiency
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
- Ultrasonography
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangchen Dhondup
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Scott
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sandanger
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Bjærum Haugstad
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes college, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve Dhondup Holmen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Alfsnes
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad Shakil Ahmed
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Hayward LF, Hampton EE, Ferreira LF, Christou DD, Yoo JK, Hernandez ME, Martin EJ. Chronic heart failure alters orexin and melanin concentrating hormone but not corticotrophin releasing hormone-related gene expression in the brain of male Lewis rats. Neuropeptides 2015; 52:67-72. [PMID: 26111703 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic heart failure (HF; 16 weeks post left coronary artery ligation) on the brain's orexin (ORX) and related neuropeptide systems. METHODS Indicators of cardiac function, including the percent fractional shortening (%FS) left ventricular posterior wall shortening velocity (LVPWSV) were assessed via echocardiography at 16 weeks post myocardial infarction or sham treatment in male Lewis rats (n=5/group). Changes in gene expression in HF versus control (CON) groups were quantified by real-time PCR in the hypothalamus, amygdala and dorsal pons. RESULTS HF significantly reduced both the %FS and LVPWSV when compared to CON animals (P<0.02). In the hypothalamus ORX gene expression was significantly reduced in HF and correlated with changes in cardiac function when compared to CON (P<0.02). No significant changes in hypothalamic ORX receptor (type 1 or type 2) gene expression were identified. Alternatively hypothalamic melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) gene expression was significantly upregulated in HF animals and negatively correlated with LVPWSV (P<0.006). In both the amygdala and dorsal pons ORX type 2 receptor expression was significantly down-regulated in HF compared to CON. ORX receptor type 1, CRH and CRH type 1 and type 2 receptor expressions were unchanged by HF in all brain regions analyzed. CONCLUSION These observations support previous work demonstrating that cardiovascular disease modulates the ORX system and identify that in the case of chronic HF the ORX system is altered in parallel with changes in MCH expression but independent of any significant changes in the central CRH system. This raises the new possibility that ORX and MCH systems may play an important role in the pathophysiology of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda F Hayward
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Erin E Hampton
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- University of Florida, College of Health and Human Performance, Dept. of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Demetra D Christou
- University of Florida, College of Health and Human Performance, Dept. of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- University of Florida, College of Health and Human Performance, Dept. of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Morgan E Hernandez
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Eric J Martin
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahn B, Beharry AW, Frye GS, Judge AR, Ferreira LF. NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47phox is elevated, and p47phox knockout prevents diaphragm contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26209274 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00176.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have dyspnea and exercise intolerance, which are caused in part by diaphragm abnormalities. Oxidants impair diaphragm contractile function, and CHF increases diaphragm oxidants. However, the specific source of oxidants and its relevance to diaphragm abnormalities in CHF is unclear. The p47(phox)-dependent Nox2 isoform of NAD(P)H oxidase is a putative source of diaphragm oxidants. Thus, we conducted our study with the goal of determining the effects of CHF on the diaphragm levels of Nox2 complex subunits and test the hypothesis that p47(phox) knockout prevents diaphragm contractile dysfunction elicited by CHF. CHF caused a two- to sixfold increase (P < 0.05) in diaphragm mRNA and protein levels of several Nox2 subunits, with p47(phox) being upregulated and hyperphosphorylated. CHF increased diaphragm extracellular oxidant emission in wild-type but not p47(phox) knockout mice. Diaphragm isometric force, shortening velocity, and peak power were decreased by 20-50% in CHF wild-type mice (P < 0.05), whereas p47(phox) knockout mice were protected from impairments in diaphragm contractile function elicited by CHF. Our experiments show that p47(phox) is upregulated and involved in the increased oxidants and contractile dysfunction in CHF diaphragm. These findings suggest that a p47(phox)-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase mediates the increase in diaphragm oxidants and contractile dysfunction in CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Ahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Adam W Beharry
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gregory S Frye
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Herum KM, Lunde IG, Skrbic B, Louch WE, Hasic A, Boye S, Unger A, Brorson SH, Sjaastad I, Tønnessen T, Linke WA, Gomez MF, Christensen G. Syndecan-4 is a key determinant of collagen cross-linking and passive myocardial stiffness in the pressure-overloaded heart. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:217-26. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
23
|
Finsen AV, Ueland T, Sjaastad I, Ranheim T, Ahmed MS, Dahl CP, Askevold ET, Aakhus S, Husberg C, Fiane AE, Lipp M, Gullestad L, Christensen G, Aukrust P, Yndestad A. The homeostatic chemokine CCL21 predicts mortality in aortic stenosis patients and modulates left ventricular remodeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112172. [PMID: 25398010 PMCID: PMC4232360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CCL21 acting through CCR7, is termed a homeostatic chemokine. Based on its role in concerting immunological responses and its proposed involvement in tissue remodeling, we hypothesized that this chemokine could play a role in myocardial remodeling during left ventricular (LV) pressure overload. Methods and Results Our main findings were: (i) Serum levels of CCL21 were markedly raised in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS, n = 136) as compared with healthy controls (n = 20). (ii) A CCL21 level in the highest tertile was independently associated with all-cause mortality in these patients. (iii) Immunostaining suggested the presence of CCR7 on macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts within calcified human aortic valves. (iv). Mice exposed to LV pressure overload showed enhanced myocardial expression of CCL21 and CCR7 mRNA, and increased CCL21 protein levels. (v) CCR7−/− mice subjected to three weeks of LV pressure overload had similar heart weights compared to wild type mice, but increased LV dilatation and reduced wall thickness. Conclusions Our studies, combining experiments in clinical and experimental LV pressure overload, suggest that CCL21/CCR7 interactions might be involved in the response to pressure overload secondary to AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vanessa Finsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammed S. Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik T. Askevold
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Husberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnt E. Fiane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Lipp
- Department of Molecular Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Engebretsen KVT, Skårdal K, Bjørnstad S, Marstein HS, Skrbic B, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Bjørnstad JL, Tønnessen T. Attenuated development of cardiac fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload by SM16, an orally active inhibitor of ALK5. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:148-57. [PMID: 25169971 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pressure overload-induced TGF-β signaling activates cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) and leads to increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis including fibrosis. Excessive ECM accumulation may in turn affect cardiac function contributing to development of heart failure. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of SM16, an orally active small molecular inhibitor of ALK5, on pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. One week after aortic banding (AB), C57Bl/6J mice were randomized to standard chow or chow with SM16. Sham operated animals served as controls. Following 4 weeks AB, mice were characterized by echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance before sacrifice. SM16 abolished phosphorylation of SMAD2 induced by AB in vivo and by TGF-β in CFB in vitro. Interestingly, Masson Trichrome and Picrosirius Red stained myocardial left ventricular tissue revealed reduced development of fibrosis and collagen cross-linking following AB in the SM16 treated group, which was confirmed by reduced hydroxyproline incorporation. Furthermore, treatment with SM16 attenuated mRNA expression following induction of AB in vivo and stimulation with TGF-β in CFB in vitro of Col1a2, the cross-linking enzyme LOX, and the pro-fibrotic glycoproteins SPARC and osteopontin. Reduced ECM synthesis by CFB and a reduction in myocardial stiffness due to attenuated development of fibrosis and collagen cross-linking might have contributed to the improved diastolic function and cardiac output seen in vivo, in combination with reduced lung weight and ANP expression by treatment with SM16. Despite these beneficial effects on cardiac function and development of heart failure, mice treated with SM16 exhibited increased mortality, increased LV dilatation and inflammatory heart valve lesions that may limit the use of SM16 and possibly also other small molecular inhibitors of ALK5, as future therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Skårdal
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid Bjørnstad
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes L Bjørnstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Askevold ET, Aukrust P, Nymo SH, Lunde IG, Kaasbøll OJ, Aakhus S, Florholmen G, Ohm IK, Strand ME, Attramadal H, Fiane A, Dahl CP, Finsen AV, Vinge LE, Christensen G, Yndestad A, Gullestad L, Latini R, Masson S, Tavazzi L, Ueland T. The cardiokine secreted Frizzled-related protein 3, a modulator of Wnt signalling, in clinical and experimental heart failure. J Intern Med 2014; 275:621-30. [PMID: 24330105 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental studies have shown involvement of Wnt signalling in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3), a modulator of Wnt signalling, is related to the progression of HF. DESIGN Circulating sFRP3 was measured in 153 HF patients and compared with 25 healthy controls. The association of sFRP3 with mortality was evaluated in 1202 patients (GISSI-HF trial). sFRP3 mRNA expression was assessed in failing human and murine left ventricles (LV), and cellular localization was determined after fractioning of myocardial tissue. In vitro studies were carried out in cardiac fibroblasts subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch. RESULTS (i) Heart failure patients had significantly raised serum sFRP3 levels compared with controls, (ii) during a median follow-up of 47 months, 315 patients died in the GISSI-HF substudy. In univariable Cox regression, tertiles of baseline sFRP3 concentration were significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables, but not for CRP and NT-proBNP, the associations with mortality remained significant for the third tertile (all-cause, HR 1.45, P = 0.011; cardiovascular, HR 1.66, P = 0.003), (iii) sFRP3 mRNA expression was increased in failing human LV, with a decline following LV assist device therapy. LV from post-MI mice showed an increased sFRP3 mRNA level, particularly in cardiac fibroblasts, and (iv) mechanical stretch enhanced sFRP3 expression and release in myocardial fibroblasts. CONCLUSION There is an association between increased sFRP3 expression and adverse outcome in HF, suggesting that the failing myocardium itself contributes to an increase in circulating sFRP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E T Askevold
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Le VP, Stoka KV, Yanagisawa H, Wagenseil JE. Fibulin-5 null mice with decreased arterial compliance maintain normal systolic left ventricular function, but not diastolic function during maturation. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00257. [PMID: 24760511 PMCID: PMC4002237 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The large arteries serve as compliant vessels that store energy during systole and return it during diastole. This function is made possible by the elastic fibers in the arterial wall that are assembled during late embryonic and early postnatal development from various proteins, including fibulin-5. Mice and humans with insufficient amounts of fibulin-5 have reduced arterial compliance as adults. Reduced compliance of the large arteries is correlated with hypertension, reduced cardiac function, and an increased risk of death from cardiac and cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to quantify arterial compliance, blood pressure, and left ventricular (LV) function from early postnatal development to young adulthood in fibulin-5 null (Fbln5-/-) mice to determine the effects of reduced arterial compliance during this critical period of elastic fiber assembly. We find that ascending aorta compliance is reduced as early as postnatal day (P) 7 and carotid artery compliance is reduced by P21 in Fbln5-/- mice. We did not find significant increases in systolic blood pressure by P60, but pulse pressures are increased by P21 in Fbln5-/- mice. LV systolic function, as measured by ejection fraction and fractional shortening, is unaffected in Fbln5-/- mice. However, LV diastolic function, as measured by tissue Doppler imaging, is compromised at all ages in Fbln5-/- mice. We propose that Fbln5-/- mice represent a suitable model for further studies to determine mechanistic relationships between arterial compliance and LV diastolic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P. Le
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Kellie V. Stoka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular BiologySouthwestern Medical CenterUniversity of TexasDallasTexas
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Synchrony of cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) release is controlled by T-tubule organization, SR Ca(2+) content, and ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) sensitivity. Biophys J 2013; 104:1685-97. [PMID: 23601316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that cardiomyocyte Ca(2+)release is desynchronized in several pathological conditions. Loss of Ca(2+) release synchrony has been attributed to t-tubule disruption, but it is unknown if other factors also contribute. We investigated this issue in normal and failing myocytes by integrating experimental data with a mathematical model describing spatiotemporal dynamics of Ca(2+) in the cytosol and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Heart failure development in postinfarction mice was associated with progressive t-tubule disorganization, as quantified by fast-Fourier transforms. Data from fast-Fourier transforms were then incorporated in the model as a dyadic organization index, reflecting the proportion of ryanodine receptors located in dyads. With decreasing dyadic-organization index, the model predicted greater dyssynchrony of Ca(2+) release, which exceeded that observed in experimental line-scan images. Model and experiment were reconciled by reducing the threshold for Ca(2+) release in the model, suggesting that increased RyR sensitivity partially offsets the desynchronizing effects of t-tubule disruption in heart failure. Reducing the magnitude of SR Ca(2+) content and release, whether experimentally by thapsigargin treatment, or in the model, desynchronized the Ca(2+) transient. However, in cardiomyocytes isolated from SERCA2 knockout mice, RyR sensitization offset such effects. A similar interplay between RyR sensitivity and SR content was observed during treatment of myocytes with low-dose caffeine. Initial synchronization of Ca(2+) release during caffeine was reversed as SR content declined due to enhanced RyR leak. Thus, synchrony of cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) release is not only determined by t-tubule organization but also by the interplay between RyR sensitivity and SR Ca(2+) content.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nusayr E, Doetschman T. Cardiac development and physiology are modulated by FGF2 in an isoform- and sex-specific manner. Physiol Rep 2013; 1. [PMID: 24244870 PMCID: PMC3827782 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-molecular-weight isoform (Lo) of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) has distinct functions from the high-molecular-weight isoforms (Hi) of FGF2 in the adult stressed heart. However, the specific roles of these isoforms in the unstressed heart were not examined. We investigated whether the FGF2 isoforms modulate cardiac development and physiology in isoform- and sex-specific manners. Young adult male and female mice that were deficient in either Hi FGF2 (Hi KO) or Lo FGF2 (Lo KO) underwent echocardiographic analysis and were compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. By comparison to WT cohorts, female Lo KO hearts display a 33% larger left ventricular (LV) volume and smaller LV mass and wall thickness. Mitral valve flow measurements from these hearts reveal that the early wave to atrial wave ratio (E/A) is higher, the deceleration time is 30% shorter and the mitral valve E-A velocity–time integral is reduced by 20% which is consistent with a restrictive filling pattern. The female Hi KO hearts do not demonstrate any significant abnormality. In male Hi KO mice the cardiac output from the LV is 33% greater and the fractional shortening is 29% greater, indicating enhanced systolic function, while in male Lo KO hearts we observe a smaller E/A ratio and a prolonged isovolumic relaxation time, consistent with an impaired relaxation filling pattern. We conclude that the developmental and physiological functions of FGF2 isoforms in the unstressed heart are isoform specific and nonredundant and that these roles are modulated by sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Nusayr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson AZ
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sandanger Ø, Ranheim T, Vinge LE, Bliksøen M, Alfsnes K, Finsen AV, Dahl CP, Askevold ET, Florholmen G, Christensen G, Fitzgerald KA, Lien E, Valen G, Espevik T, Aukrust P, Yndestad A. The NLRP3 inflammasome is up-regulated in cardiac fibroblasts and mediates myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:164-74. [PMID: 23580606 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-Like Receptor with a Pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) is considered necessary for initiating a profound sterile inflammatory response. NLRP3 forms multi-protein complexes with Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a Caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and Caspase-1, which activate pro-interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and pro-IL-18. The role of NLRP3 in cardiac cells is not known. Thus, we investigated the expression and function of NLRP3 during myocardial ischaemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in adult C57BL/6 mice and Wistar rats by ligation of the coronary artery. A marked increase in NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 mRNA expression was found in the left ventricle after MI, primarily located to myocardial fibroblasts. In vitro studies in cells from adult mice showed that myocardial fibroblasts released IL-1β and IL-18 when primed with lipopolysaccharide and subsequently exposed to the danger signal adenosine triphosphate, a molecule released after tissue damage during MI. When hearts were isolated from NLRP3-deficient mice, perfused and subjected to global ischaemia and reperfusion, a marked improvement of cardiac function and reduction of hypoxic damage was found compared with wild-type hearts. This was not observed in ASC-deficient hearts, potentially reflecting a protective role of other ASC-dependent inflammasomes or inflammasome-independent effects of NLRP3. CONCLUSION This study shows that the NLRP3 inflammasome is up-regulated in myocardial fibroblasts post-MI, and may be a significant contributor to infarct size development during ischaemia-reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Sandanger
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo N-0027, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Skrbic B, Bjørnstad JL, Marstein HS, Carlson CR, Sjaastad I, Nygård S, Bjørnstad S, Christensen G, Tønnessen T. Differential regulation of extracellular matrix constituents in myocardial remodeling with and without heart failure following pressure overload. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:133-42. [PMID: 23220517 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Slow Ca²⁺ sparks de-synchronize Ca²⁺ release in failing cardiomyocytes: evidence for altered configuration of Ca²⁺ release units? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 58:41-52. [PMID: 23376034 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure, cardiomyocytes exhibit slowing of the rising phase of the Ca(2+) transient which contributes to the impaired contractility observed in this condition. We investigated whether alterations in ryanodine receptor function promote slowing of Ca(2+) release in a murine model of congestive heart failure (CHF). Myocardial infarction was induced by left coronary artery ligation. When chronic CHF had developed (10 weeks post-infarction), cardiomyocytes were isolated from viable regions of the septum. Septal myocytes from SHAM-operated mice served as controls. Ca(2+) transients rose markedly slower in CHF than SHAM myocytes with longer time to peak (CHF=152 ± 12% of SHAM, P<0.05). The rise time of Ca(2+) sparks was also increased in CHF (SHAM=9.6 ± 0.6 ms, CHF=13.2 ± 0.7 ms, P<0.05), due to a sub-population of sparks (≈20%) with markedly slowed kinetics. Regions of the cell associated with these slow spontaneous sparks also exhibited slowed Ca(2+) release during the action potential. Thus, greater variability in spark kinetics in CHF promoted less uniform Ca(2+) release across the cell. Dyssynchronous Ca(2+) transients in CHF additionally resulted from T-tubule disorganization, as indicated by fast Fourier transforms, but slow sparks were not associated with orphaned ryanodine receptors. Rather, mathematical modeling suggested that slow sparks could result from an altered composition of Ca(2+) release units, including a reduction in ryanodine receptor density and/or distribution of ryanodine receptors into sub-clusters. In conclusion, our findings indicate that slowed, dyssynchronous Ca(2+) transients in CHF result from alterations in Ca(2+) sparks, consistent with rearrangement of ryanodine receptors within Ca(2+) release units.
Collapse
|
32
|
Le VP, Wagenseil JE. Echocardiographic Characterization of Postnatal Development in Mice with Reduced Arterial Elasticity. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2012; 3:424-438. [PMID: 23646094 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-012-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decreased expression of elastin results in smaller, less compliant arteries and high blood pressure. In mice, these differences become more significant with postnatal development. It is known that arterial size and compliance directly affect cardiac function, but the temporal changes in cardiac function have not been investigated in elastin insufficient mice. The aim of this study is to correlate changes in arterial size and compliance with cardiac function in wildtype (WT) and elastin haploinsufficient (Eln+/- ) mice from birth to adulthood. METHODS Ultrasound scans were performed at the ages of 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90 days on male and female WT and Eln+/- mice. 2-D ultrasound and pulse wave Doppler images were used to measure the dimensions and function of the left ventricle (LV), ascending aorta and carotid arteries. RESULTS Eln+/- arteries are smaller and less compliant at most ages, with significant differences from WT as early as 3 days old. Surprisingly, there are no correlations (R2 < 0.2) between arterial size and compliance with measures of LV hypertrophy or systolic function. There are weak correlations (0.2 < R2 < 0.5) between arterial size and compliance with measures of LV diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS Eln+/- mice have similar cardiac function to WT throughout postnatal development, demonstrating the remarkable ability of the developing cardiovascular system to adapt to mechanical and hemodynamic changes. Correlations between arterial size and compliance with diastolic function show that these measures may be useful indicators of early diastolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zalvidea S, André L, Loyer X, Cassan C, Sainte-Marie Y, Thireau J, Sjaastad I, Heymes C, Pasquié JL, Cazorla O, Aimond F, Richard S. ACE inhibition prevents diastolic Ca2+ overload and loss of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity after myocardial infarction. Curr Mol Med 2012; 12:206-17. [PMID: 22280358 DOI: 10.2174/156652412798889045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remains a therapeutic challenge. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) are a well-established first-line treatment. ACE-I delay fibrosis, but little is known about their molecular effects on cardiomyocytes. We investigated the effects of the ACE-I delapril on cardiomyocytes in a mouse model of heart failure (HF) after MI. Mice were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham, MI, and MI-D (6 weeks of treatment with a non-hypotensive dose of delapril started 24h after MI). Echocardiography and pressure-volume loops revealed that MI induced hypertrophy and dilation, and altered both contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle. At the cellular level, MI cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced contraction, slowed relaxation, increased diastolic Ca2+ levels, decreased Ca2+-transient amplitude, and diminished Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments. In MI-D mice, however, both mortality and cardiac remodeling were decreased when compared to non-treated MI mice. Delapril maintained cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation, prevented diastolic Ca2+ overload and retained the normal Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile proteins. Delapril maintained SERCA2a activity through normalization of P-PLB/PLB (for both Ser16- PLB and Thr17-PLB) and PLB/SERCA2a ratios in cardiomyocytes, favoring normal reuptake of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In addition, delapril prevented defective cTnI function by normalizing the expression of PKC, enhanced in MI mice. In conclusion, early therapy with delapril after MI preserved the normal contraction/relaxation cycle of surviving cardiomyocytes with multiple direct effects on key intracellular mechanisms contributing to preserve cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zalvidea
- INSERM U-1046, Université Montpellier1 & Montpellier2, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Røsjø H, Stridsberg M, Florholmen G, Stensløkken KO, Ottesen AH, Sjaastad I, Husberg C, Dahl MB, Øie E, Louch WE, Omland T, Christensen G. Secretogranin II; a protein increased in the myocardium and circulation in heart failure with cardioprotective properties. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37401. [PMID: 22655045 PMCID: PMC3360055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several beneficial effects have been demonstrated for secretogranin II (SgII) in non-cardiac tissue. As cardiac production of chromogranin A and B, two related proteins, is increased in heart failure (HF), we hypothesized that SgII could play a role in cardiovascular pathophysiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS SgII production was characterized in a post-myocardial infarction heart failure (HF) mouse model, functional properties explored in experimental models, and circulating levels measured in mice and patients with stable HF of moderate severity. SgII mRNA levels were 10.5 fold upregulated in the left ventricle (LV) of animals with myocardial infarction and HF (p<0.001 vs. sham-operated animals). SgII protein levels were also increased in the LV, but not in other organs investigated. SgII was produced in several cell types in the myocardium and cardiomyocyte synthesis of SgII was potently induced by transforming growth factor-β and norepinephrine stimulation in vitro. Processing of SgII to shorter peptides was enhanced in the failing myocardium due to increased levels of the proteases PC1/3 and PC2 and circulating SgII levels were increased in mice with HF. Examining a pathophysiological role of SgII in the initial phase of post-infarction HF, the SgII fragment secretoneurin reduced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by 30% and rapidly increased cardiomyocyte Erk1/2 and Stat3 phosphorylation. SgII levels were also higher in patients with stable, chronic HF compared to age- and gender-matched control subjects: median 0.16 (Q1-3 0.14-0.18) vs. 0.12 (0.10-0.14) nmol/L, p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate increased myocardial SgII production and processing in the LV in animals with myocardial infarction and HF, which could be beneficial as the SgII fragment secretoneurin protects from ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Circulating SgII levels are also increased in patients with chronic, stable HF and may represent a new cardiac biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Røsjø
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bjørnstad JL, Skrbic B, Sjaastad I, Bjørnstad S, Christensen G, Tønnessen T. A mouse model of reverse cardiac remodelling following banding-debanding of the ascending aorta. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:92-102. [PMID: 21974781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Myocardial remodelling during pressure overload might contribute to development of heart failure. Reverse remodelling normally occurs following aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis; however, the details and regulatory mechanisms of reverse remodelling remain unknown. Thus, an experimental model of reverse remodelling would allow for studies of this process. Although models of aortic banding are widely used, only few reports of debanding models exist. The aim of this study was to establish a banding-debanding model in the mouse with repetitive careful haemodynamic evaluation by high-resolution echocardiography. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to ascending aortic banding and subsequent debanding. Cardiac geometry and function were evaluated by echocardiography, and left ventricular myocardium was analysed by histology and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The degree of aortic banding was controlled by non-invasive estimation of the gradient, and we found a close correlation between left ventricular mass estimated by echocardiography and weight at the time of killing. Aortic banding led to left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and expression of foetal genes, indicating myocardial remodelling. Echocardiography revealed concentric left ventricular remodelling and myocardial dysfunction. Following debanding, performed via a different incision, there was rapid regression of left ventricular weight and normalization of both cardiac geometry and function by 14 days. CONCLUSIONS We have established a reproducible and carefully characterized mouse model of reverse remodelling by banding and debanding of the ascending aorta. Such a model might contribute to increased understanding of the reversibility of cardiac pathology, which in turn might give rise to new strategies in heart failure treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Bjørnstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Waehre A, Vistnes M, Sjaastad I, Nygård S, Husberg C, Lunde IG, Aukrust P, Yndestad A, Vinge LE, Behmen D, Neukamm C, Brun H, Thaulow E, Christensen G. Chemokines regulate small leucine-rich proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of the pressure-overloaded right ventricle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1372-82. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01350.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines have been suggested to play a role during development of left ventricular failure, but little is known about their role during right ventricular (RV) remodeling and dysfunction. We have previously shown that the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) regulates small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs). We hypothesized that chemokines are upregulated in the pressure-overloaded RV, and that they regulate SLRPs. Mice with RV pressure overload following pulmonary banding (PB) had a significant increase in RV weight and an increase in liver weight after 1 wk. Microarray analysis (Affymetrix) of RV tissue from mice with PB revealed that CXCL10, CXCL6, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), CXCL16, and CCL2 were the most upregulated chemokines. Stimulation of cardiac fibroblasts with these same chemokines showed that CXCL16 increased the expression of the four SLRPs: decorin, lumican, biglycan, and fibromodulin. CCL5 increased the same SLRPs, except decorin, whereas CX3CL1 increased the expression of decorin and lumican. CXCL16, CX3CL1, and CCL5 were also shown to increase the levels of glycosylated decorin and lumican in the medium after stimulation of fibroblasts. In the pressure-overloaded RV tissue, Western blotting revealed an increase in the total protein level of lumican and a glycosylated form of decorin with a higher molecular weight compared with control mice. Both mice with PB and patients with pulmonary stenosis had significantly increased circulating levels of CXCL16 compared with healthy controls measured by enzyme immunoassay. In conclusion, we have found that chemokines are upregulated in the pressure-overloaded RV and that CXCL16, CX3CL1, and CCL5 regulate expression and posttranslational modifications of SLRPs in cardiac fibroblasts. In the pressure-overloaded RV, protein levels of lumican were increased, and a glycosylated form of decorin with a high molecular weight appeared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Waehre
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo,
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
| | - Maria Vistnes
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo,
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo,
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål,
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo,
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Medical Informatics,
| | - Cathrine Husberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo,
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
| | - Ida Gjervold Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo,
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine,
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Arne Yndestad
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine,
| | - Leif E. Vinge
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine,
- Departments of 7Cardiology and
| | - Dina Behmen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo,
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
| | - Christian Neukamm
- Pediatric Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Brun
- Pediatric Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Thaulow
- Pediatric Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo,
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The homeostatic chemokine CCL21 predicts mortality and may play a pathogenic role in heart failure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33038. [PMID: 22427939 PMCID: PMC3299722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCL19 and CCL21, acting through CCR7, are termed homeostatic chemokines. Based on their role in concerting immunological responses and their proposed involvement in tissue remodeling, we hypothesized that these chemokines could play a pathogenic role in heart failure (HF). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our main findings were: (i) Serum levels of CCL19 and particularly CCL21 were markedly raised in patients with chronic HF (n = 150) as compared with healthy controls (n = 20). A CCL21 level above median was independently associated with all-cause mortality. (ii) In patients with HF following acute myocardial infarction (MI; n = 232), high versus low CCL21 levels 1 month post-MI were associated with cardiovascular mortality, even after adjustment for established risk factors. (iii). Explanted failing human LV tissue (n = 29) had markedly increased expression of CCL21 as compared with non-failing myocardium (n = 5). (iv) Our studies in CCR7(-/-) mice showed improved survival and attenuated increase in markers of myocardial dysfunction and wall stress in post-MI HF after 1 week, accompanied by increased myocardial expression of markers of regulatory T cells. (v) Six weeks post-MI, there was an increase in markers of myocardial dysfunction and wall stress in CCR7 deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE High serum levels of CCL21 are independently associated with mortality in chronic and acute post-MI HF. Our findings in CCR7 deficient mice may suggest that CCL21 is not only a marker, but also a mediator of myocardial failure. However, while short term inhibition of CCR7 may be beneficial following MI, a total lack of CCR7 during long-term follow-up could be harmful.
Collapse
|
38
|
Alsaid H, Bao W, Rambo MV, Logan GA, Figueroa DJ, Lenhard SC, Kotzer CJ, Burgert ME, Willette RN, Ferrari VA, Jucker BM. Serial MRI characterization of the functional and morphological changes in mouse lung in response to cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:191-200. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
Xie Z, Lau K, Eby B, Lozano P, He C, Pennington B, Li H, Rathi S, Dong Y, Tian R, Kem D, Zou MH. Improvement of cardiac functions by chronic metformin treatment is associated with enhanced cardiac autophagy in diabetic OVE26 mice. Diabetes 2011; 60:1770-8. [PMID: 21562078 PMCID: PMC3114402 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy is a critical cellular system for removal of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. Although dysregulated autophagy is implicated in the development of heart failure, the role of autophagy in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy has not been studied. We investigated whether chronic activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by metformin restores cardiac function and cardiomyocyte autophagy in OVE26 diabetic mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS OVE26 mice and cardiac-specific AMPK dominant negative transgenic (DN)-AMPK diabetic mice were treated with metformin or vehicle for 4 months, and cardiac autophagy, cardiac functions, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were monitored. RESULTS Compared with control mice, diabetic OVE26 mice exhibited a significant reduction of AMPK activity in parallel with reduced cardiomyocyte autophagy and cardiac dysfunction in vivo and in isolated hearts. Furthermore, diabetic OVE26 mouse hearts exhibited aggregation of chaotically distributed mitochondria between poorly organized myofibrils and increased polyubiquitinated protein and apoptosis. Inhibition of AMPK by overexpression of a cardiac-specific DN-AMPK gene reduced cardiomyocyte autophagy, exacerbated cardiac dysfunctions, and increased mortality in diabetic mice. Finally, chronic metformin therapy significantly enhanced autophagic activity and preserved cardiac functions in diabetic OVE26 mice but not in DN-AMPK diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Decreased AMPK activity and subsequent reduction in cardiac autophagy are important events in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Chronic AMPK activation by metformin prevents cardiomyopathy by upregulating autophagy activity in diabetic OVE26 mice. Thus, stimulation of AMPK may represent a novel approach to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Xie
- Section of Molecular Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Martinez PF, Okoshi K, Zornoff LAM, Oliveira SA, Campos DHS, Lima ARR, Damatto RL, Cezar MDM, Bonomo C, Guizoni DM, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC, Okoshi MP. Echocardiographic detection of congestive heart failure in postinfarction rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:543-51. [PMID: 21617080 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01154.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of congestive heart failure (CHF) treatment, it is essential to select animals with a similar degree of cardiac dysfunction. However, this is difficult to establish without hemodynamic evaluation in rat postinfarction-induced CHF. This study aimed to diagnose CHF in long-term follow-up postinfarction rats using only echocardiographic criteria through a J-tree cluster analysis and Fisher's linear discriminant function. Two sets of sham and infarcted rats were studied. The first was used to perform cluster analysis and the second to prospectively validate the results. Six months after inducing myocardial infarction (MI), rats were subjected to transthoracic echocardiography. Infarct size was measured by histological analysis. Six echocardiographic variables were used in the cluster analysis: left ventricular (LV) systolic dimension, LV diastolic dimension-to-body weight ratio, left atrial diameter-to-body weight ratio, LV posterior wall shortening velocity, E wave, and isovolumetric relaxation time. Cluster analysis joined the rats into one sham and two MI groups. One MI cluster had more severe anatomical and echocardiographic changes and was called MI with heart failure (MI/HF+, n = 24, infarct size: 42.7 ± 5.8%). The other had less severe changes and was called MI without heart failure (MI/HF-, n = 11, infarct size: 32.3 ± 9.9%; P < 0.001 vs. MI/HF+). Three rats with small infarct size (21.6 ± 2.2%) presenting mild cardiac alterations were misallocated in the sham group. Fisher's linear discriminant function was built using these groups and used to prospectively classify additional groups of sham-operated (n = 20) and infarcted rats (n = 57) using the same echocardiographic parameters. The discriminant function therefore detected CHF with 100% specificity and 80% sensitivity considering allocation in MI/HF+ and sham group, and 100% specificity and 58.8% sensitivity considering MI/HF+ and MI/HF- groups, taking into account pathological criteria of CHF diagnosis. Echocardiographic analysis can be used to accurately predict congestive heart failure in postinfarction rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula F Martinez
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Waehre A, Halvorsen B, Yndestad A, Husberg C, Sjaastad I, Nygård S, Dahl CP, Ahmed MS, Finsen AV, Reims H, Louch WE, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Vinge LE, Roald B, Attramadal H, Lipp M, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Christensen G. Lack of chemokine signaling through CXCR5 causes increased mortality, ventricular dilatation and deranged matrix during cardiac pressure overload. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18668. [PMID: 21533157 PMCID: PMC3078912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Inflammatory mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in the development of heart failure (HF), but a role for chemokines is largely unknown. Based on their role in inflammation and matrix remodeling in other tissues, we hypothesized that CXCL13 and CXCR5 could be involved in cardiac remodeling during HF. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the role of the chemokine CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 in cardiac pathophysiology leading to HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice harboring a systemic knockout of the CXCR5 (CXCR5(-/-)) displayed increased mortality during a follow-up of 80 days after aortic banding (AB). Following three weeks of AB, CXCR5(-/-) developed significant left ventricular (LV) dilatation compared to wild type (WT) mice. Microarray analysis revealed altered expression of several small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) that bind to collagen and modulate fibril assembly. Protein levels of fibromodulin, decorin and lumican (all SLRPs) were significantly reduced in AB CXCR5(-/-) compared to AB WT mice. Electron microscopy revealed loosely packed extracellular matrix with individual collagen fibers and small networks of proteoglycans in AB CXCR5(-/-) mice. Addition of CXCL13 to cultured cardiac fibroblasts enhanced the expression of SLRPs. In patients with HF, we observed increased myocardial levels of CXCR5 and SLRPs, which was reversed following LV assist device treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lack of CXCR5 leads to LV dilatation and increased mortality during pressure overload, possibly via lack of an increase in SLRPs. This study demonstrates a critical role of the chemokine CXCL13 and CXCR5 in survival and maintaining of cardiac structure upon pressure overload, by regulating proteoglycans essential for correct collagen assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Waehre
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Control of Ca2+ release by action potential configuration in normal and failing murine cardiomyocytes. Biophys J 2010; 99:1377-86. [PMID: 20816049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from failing hearts exhibit spatially nonuniform or dyssynchronous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release. We investigated the contribution of action potential (AP) prolongation in mice with congestive heart failure (CHF) after myocardial infarction. AP recordings from CHF and control myocytes were included in a computational model of the dyad, which predicted more dyssynchronous ryanodine receptor opening during stimulation with the CHF AP. This prediction was confirmed in cardiomyocyte experiments, when cells were alternately stimulated by control and CHF AP voltage-clamp waveforms. However, when a train of like APs was used as the voltage stimulus, the control and CHF AP produced a similar Ca(2+) release pattern. In this steady-state condition, greater integrated Ca(2+) entry during the CHF AP lead to increased SR Ca(2+) content. A resulting increase in ryanodine receptor sensitivity synchronized SR Ca(2+) release in the mathematical model, thus offsetting the desynchronizing effects of reduced driving force for Ca(2+) entry. A modest nondyssynchronous prolongation of Ca(2+) release was nevertheless observed during the steady-state CHF AP, which contributed to increased time-to-peak measurements for Ca(2+) transients in failing cells. Thus, dyssynchronous Ca(2+) release in failing mouse myocytes does not result from electrical remodeling, but rather other alterations such as T-tubule reorganization.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ericsson M, Sjåland C, Andersson KB, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Sejersted OM, Ellingsen Ø. Exercise training before cardiac-specific Serca2 disruption attenuates the decline in cardiac function in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 109:1749-55. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00282.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, function of the sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) is closely linked to contractility, cardiac function, and aerobic fitness. SERCA2 function can be increased by high-intensity interval training, whereas reduced SERCA2 abundance is associated with impaired cardiac function. The working hypothesis was, therefore, that exercise training before cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of the Serca2 gene would delay the onset of cardiac dysfunction in mice. Before Serca2 gene disruption by tamoxifen, untreated SERCA2 knockout mice ( Serca2flox/flox Tg-αMHC-MerCreMer; S2KO), and SERCA2 FF control mice ( Serca2flox/flox, S2FF) were exercise trained by high-intensity interval treadmill running for 6 wk. Both genotypes responded to training, with comparable increases in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max; 17%), left ventricle weight (15%), and maximal running speed (40%). After exercise training, cardiac-specific Serca2 gene disruption was induced in both exercise trained and sedentary S2KO mice. In trained S2KO, cardiac function decreased less rapidly than in sedentary S2KO. V̇o2max remained higher in trained S2KO the first 15 days after gene disruption. Six weeks after Serca2 disruption, cardiac output was higher in trained compared with sedentary S2KO mice. An exercise-training program attenuates the decline in cardiac performance induced by acute cardiac Serca2 gene disruption, indicating that mechanisms other than SERCA2 contribute to the favorable effect of exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Ericsson
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
| | - Cecilie Sjåland
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Kristin B. Andersson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Ole M. Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hougen K, Aronsen JM, Stokke MK, Enger U, Nygard S, Andersson KB, Christensen G, Sejersted OM, Sjaastad I. Cre-loxP DNA recombination is possible with only minimal unspecific transcriptional changes and without cardiomyopathy in Tg(alphaMHC-MerCreMer) mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1671-8. [PMID: 20802136 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01155.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cre-loxP technology for conditional gene inactivation is a powerful tool in cardiovascular research. Induction of gene inactivation can be carried out by per oral or intraperitoneal tamoxifen administration. Unintended transient cardiomyopathy following tamoxifen administration for gene inactivation has recently been reported. We aimed to develop a protocol for tamoxifen-induced gene inactivation with minimal effects on gene transcription and in vivo cardiac function, allowing studies of acute loss of the targeted gene. In mRNA microarrays, 35% of the 34,760 examined genes were significantly regulated in MCM(+/0) compared with wild type. In MCM(+/0), we found a correlation between tamoxifen dose and degree of gene regulation. Comparing one and four intraperitoneal injections of 40 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) tamoxifen, regulated genes were reduced to 1/5 in the single injection group. Pronounced alteration in protein abundance and acute cardiomyopathy were observed after the four-injection protocols but not the one-injection protocol. For verification of gene inactivation following one injection of tamoxifen, this protocol was applied to MCM(+/0)/Serca2(fl/fl). Serca2 mRNA levels and protein abundance followed the same pattern of decline with one and four tamoxifen injections. The presence of the MCM transgene induced major alterations of gene expression while administration of tamoxifen induced additional but less gene regulation. Thus nonfloxed MCM(+/0) should be considered as controls for mice that carry both a floxed gene of interest and the MCM transgene. One single tamoxifen injection administered to MCM(+/0)/Serca2(fl/fl) was sufficient for target gene inactivation, without acute cardiomyopathy, allowing acute studies subsequent to gene inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hougen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo Univ. Hospital Ullevål, Kirkevn 166, 0407 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Røsjø H, Husberg C, Dahl MB, Stridsberg M, Sjaastad I, Finsen AV, Carlson CR, Oie E, Omland T, Christensen G. Chromogranin B in heart failure: a putative cardiac biomarker expressed in the failing myocardium. Circ Heart Fail 2010; 3:503-11. [PMID: 20519641 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.109.867747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromogranin B (CgB) is a member of the granin protein family. Because CgB is often colocalized with chromogranin A (CgA), a recently discovered cardiac biomarker, we hypothesized that CgB is regulated during heart failure (HF) development. METHODS AND RESULTS CgB regulation was investigated in patients with chronic HF and in a post-myocardial infarction HF mouse model. Animals were phenotypically characterized by echocardiography and euthanized 1 week after myocardial infarction. CgB mRNA levels were 5.2-fold increased in the noninfarcted part of the left ventricle of HF animals compared with sham-operated animals (P<0.001). CgB mRNA level in HF animals correlated closely with animal lung weight (r=0.74, P=0.04) but not with CgA mRNA levels (r=0.20, P=0.61). CgB protein levels were markedly increased in both the noninfarcted (110%) and the infarcted part of the left ventricle (70%) but unaltered in other tissues investigated. Myocardial CgB immunoreactivity was confined to cardiomyocytes. Norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and transforming growth factor-beta increased CgB gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Circulating CgB levels were increased in HF animals (median levels in HF animals versus sham, 1.23 [interquartile range, 1.03 to 1.93] versus 0.98 [0.90 to 1.04] nmol/L; P=0.003) and in HF patients (HF patients versus control, 1.66 [1.48 to 1.85] versus 1.47 [1.39 to 1.58] nmol/L; P=0.007), with levels increasing in proportion to New York Heart Association functional class (P=0.03 for trend). Circulating CgB levels were only modestly correlated with CgA (r=0.31, P=0.009) and B-type natriuretic peptide levels (r=0.27, P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS CgB production is increased and regulated in proportion to disease severity in the left ventricle and circulation during HF development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Røsjø
- Medical Division and EpiGen, Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vistnes M, Wæhre A, Nygård S, Sjaastad I, Andersson KB, Husberg C, Christensen G. Circulating cytokine levels in mice with heart failure are etiology dependent. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1357-64. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01084.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether alterations in circulating cytokine levels are dependent on the etiology of myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Background: Several heart diseases are associated with altered levels of circulating cytokines. Cytokines are regarded as possible therapeutic targets or biomarkers, but such approaches are currently not in clinical use. If alterations in circulating cytokines are etiology dependent, this should be taken into consideration when using cytokines as disease markers and therapeutic targets. Methods: The serum levels of 25 cytokines were quantified with Luminex and/or ELISA in four murine models of heart disease: banding of the ascending aorta (AB) or the pulmonary artery (PB), myocardial infarction (MI), and a cardiomyopathy model with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of the sarco(endo)plasmatic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2KO). Results: No increase in circulating cytokine levels were found in mice 1 wk after AB, although substantial myocardial hypertrophy was present. After 1 wk of MI, only interleukin (IL)-18 was increased. In the SERCA2KO mice with HF, circulating levels of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, eotaxin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β were increased, and in mice with PB, IL-1α, IL-6, G-CSF, and monokine induced by gamma-interferon showed elevated levels. Conclusions: Serum levels of cytokines in mice with HF vary depending on the etiology. Increased serum levels of several cytokines were found in models with increased right ventricular afterload, suggesting that the cytokine responses result primarily from systemic congestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vistnes
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo
| | - Anne Wæhre
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo; and
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin B. Andersson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo
| | - Cathrine Husberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ericsson M, Andersson KB, Amundsen BH, Torp SH, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Sejersted OM, Ellingsen Ø. High-intensity exercise training in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of Serca2. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1311-20. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01133.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ATPase type 2 (SERCA2) is essential for maintaining myocardial calcium handling and cardiac pump function. Hence, a reduction in SERCA2 abundance is expected to reduce work performance and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) and to limit the response to exercise training. To test this hypothesis, we compared V̇o2max and exercise capacity in mice with cardiac disruption of Serca2 (SERCA2 KO) with control mice (SERCA2 FF). We also determined whether the effects on V̇o2max and exercise capacity could be modified by high-intensity aerobic exercise training. Treadmill running at 85–90% of V̇o2max started 2 wk after Serca2 gene disruption and continued for 4 wk. V̇o2max and maximal running speed were measured weekly in a metabolic chamber. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography during light anesthesia. In sedentary SERCA2 KO mice, the aerobic capacity was reduced by 50% and running speed by 28%, whereas trained SERCA2 KO mice were able to maintain maximal running speed despite a 36% decrease in V̇o2max. In SERCA2 FF mice, both V̇o2max and maximal running speed increased by training, while no changes occurred in the sedentary group. Left ventricle dimensions remained unchanged by training in both genotypes. In contrast, training induced right ventricle hypertrophy in SERCA2 KO mice. In conclusion, the SERCA2 protein is essential for sustaining cardiac pump function and exercise capacity. Nevertheless, SERCA2 KO mice were able to maintain maximal running speed in response to exercise training despite a large decrease in V̇o2max.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Ericsson
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
| | - Kristin B. Andersson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Brage H. Amundsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre H. Torp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
- Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo; and
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Ole M. Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Brattelid T, Winer LH, Levy FO, Liestøl K, Sejersted OM, Andersson KB. Reference gene alternatives to Gapdh in rodent and human heart failure gene expression studies. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:22. [PMID: 20331858 PMCID: PMC2907514 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is a highly sensitive method for mRNA quantification, but requires invariant expression of the chosen reference gene(s). In pathological myocardium, there is limited information on suitable reference genes other than the commonly used Gapdh mRNA and 18S ribosomal RNA. Our aim was to evaluate and identify suitable reference genes in human failing myocardium, in rat and mouse post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) heart failure and across developmental stages in fetal and neonatal rat myocardium. RESULTS The abundance of Arbp, Rpl32, Rpl4, Tbp, Polr2a, Hprt1, Pgk1, Ppia and Gapdh mRNA and 18S ribosomal RNA in myocardial samples was quantified by RT-qPCR. The expression variability of these transcripts was evaluated by the geNorm and Normfinder algorithms and by a variance component analysis method. Biological variability was a greater contributor to sample variability than either repeated reverse transcription or PCR reactions. CONCLUSIONS The most stable reference genes were Rpl32, Gapdh and Polr2a in mouse post-infarction heart failure, Polr2a, Rpl32 and Tbp in rat post-infarction heart failure and Rpl32 and Pgk1 in human heart failure (ischemic disease and cardiomyopathy). The overall most stable reference genes across all three species was Rpl32 and Polr2a. In rat myocardium, all reference genes tested showed substantial variation with developmental stage, with Rpl4 as was most stable among the tested genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trond Brattelid
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Krishnamurthy P, Lambers E, Verma S, Thorne T, Qin G, Losordo DW, Kishore R. Myocardial knockdown of mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR attenuates post-MI inflammatory response and left ventricular dysfunction in IL-10-null mice. FASEB J 2010; 24:2484-94. [PMID: 20219984 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-149815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged inflammatory response is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). IL-10 inhibits inflammation by suppressing HuR-mediated mRNA stabilization of proinflammatory cytokines. Here we report that following MI, IL-10(-/-) mice showed exaggerated LV dysfunction, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of HuR in the myocardium significantly reversed MI-induced LV dysfunctions and LV remodeling. HuR knockdown significantly reduced MI-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis concomitant with reduced p53 expression. Moreover, HuR knockdown significantly reduced infarct size and fibrosis area, which in turn was associated with decreased TGF-beta expression. In vitro, stable knockdown of HuR in mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 corroborated in vivo data and revealed reduced mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and p53 following LPS challenge, which was associated with a marked reduction in the mRNA stability of these genes. Taken together, our studies suggest that HuR is a direct target of IL-10, and HuR knockdown mimics anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Iversen PO, Andersson KB, Finsen AV, Sjaastad I, von Lueder TG, Sejersted OM, Attramadal H, Christensen G. Separate mechanisms cause anemia in ischemic vs. nonischemic murine heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R808-14. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00250.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic congestive heart failure (CHF), anemia is associated with poor prognosis. Whether anemia develops in nonischemic CHF is uncertain. The hematopoietic inhibitors TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) are activated in ischemic CHF. We examined whether mice with ischemic or nonischemic CHF develop anemia and whether TNF-α and NO are involved. We studied mice ( n = 7–9 per group) with CHF either due to myocardial infarction (MI) or to overexpression of the Ca2+-binding protein calsequestrin (CSQ) or to induced cardiac disruption of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 gene (SERCA2 KO). Hematopoiesis was analyzed by colony formation of CD34+bone marrow cells. Hemoglobin concentration was 14.0 ± 0.4 g/dl (mean ± SD) in controls, while it was decreased to 10.1 ± 0.4, 9.7 ± 0.4, and 9.6 ± 0.3 g/dl in MI, CSQ, and SERCA2 KO, respectively ( P < 0.05). Colony numbers per 100,000 CD34+cells in the three CHF groups were reduced to 33 ± 3 (MI), 34 ± 3 (CSQ), and 39 ± 3 (SERCA2 KO) compared with 68 ± 4 in controls ( P < 0.05). Plasma TNF-α nearly doubled in MI, and addition of anti-TNF-α antibody normalized colony formation. Inhibition of colony formation was completely abolished with blockade of endothelial NO synthase in CSQ and SERCA2 KO, but not in MI. In conclusion, the mechanism of anemia in CHF depends on the etiology of cardiac disease; whereas TNF-α impairs hematopoiesis in CHF following MI, NO inhibits blood cell formation in nonischemic murine CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per O. Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hematology and
| | - Kristin B. Andersson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra V. Finsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Thomas G. von Lueder
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole M. Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|