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Stavres J, Aultman RS, Newsome TA. Exercise pressor responses are exaggerated relative to force production during, but not following, thirty-minutes of rhythmic handgrip exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1547-1559. [PMID: 38155209 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that blood pressure responses would increase relative to force production in response to prolonged bouts of muscular work. METHODS Fifteen individuals performed two minutes of static handgrip (SHG; 35% MVC), followed by three minutes of post-exercise-cuff-occlusion (PECO), before and after thirty minutes of rest (control), or rhythmic handgrip exercise (RHG) of the contralateral and ipsilateral forearms. Beat-by-beat recordings of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and handgrip force (kg) were averaged across one-minute periods at baseline, and minutes 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 of RHG. MAP was also normalized to handgrip force, providing a relative measure of exercise pressor responses (mmHg/kg). Hemodynamic responses to SHG and PECO were also compared before and after contralateral RHG, ipsilateral RHG, and control, respectively. Similar to the RHG trial, areas under the curve were calculated for MAP (blood pressure index; BPI) and normalized to the time tension index (BPInorm). RESULTS HR and MAP significantly increased during RHG (15.3 ± 1.4% and 20.4 ± 3.2%, respectively, both p < 0.01), while force output decreased by up to 36.6 ± 8.0% (p < 0.01). This resulted in a 51.6 ± 9.4% increase in BPInorm during 30 min of RHG (p < 0.01). In contrast, blood pressure responses to SHG and PECO were unchanged following RHG (all p ≥ 0.07), and only the mean HR (4.2 ± 1.5%, p = 0.01) and ΔHR (67.2 ± 18.1%, p < 0.01) response to SHG were exaggerated following ipsilateral RHG. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of exercise pressor responses relative to force production progressively increases during, but not following, prolonged bouts of muscular work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Stavres
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Ryan S Aultman
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Ta'Quoris A Newsome
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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Bartlett MF, Fitzgerald LF, Nagarajan R, Kent JA. Measurements of in vivo skeletal muscle oxidative capacity are lower following sustained isometric compared with dynamic contractions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:250-264. [PMID: 37906958 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Human skeletal muscle oxidative capacity can be quantified non-invasively using 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to measure the rate constant of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery (kPCr) following contractions. In the quadricep muscles, several studies have quantified kPCr following 24-30 s of sustained maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). This approach has the advantage of simplicity but is potentially problematic because sustained MVICs inhibit perfusion, which may limit muscle oxygen availability or increase the intracellular metabolic perturbation, and thus affect kPCr. Alternatively, dynamic contractions allow reperfusion between contractions, which may avoid limitations in oxygen delivery. To determine whether dynamic contraction protocols elicit greater kPCr than sustained MVIC protocols, we used a cross-sectional design to compare quadriceps kPCr in 22 young and 11 older healthy adults following 24 s of maximal voluntary: (1) sustained MVIC and (2) dynamic (MVDC; 120°·s-1, 1 every 2 s) contractions. Muscle kPCr was ∼20% lower following the MVIC protocol compared with the MVDC protocol (p ≤ 0.001), though this was less evident in older adults (p = 0.073). Changes in skeletal muscle pH (p ≤ 0.001) and PME accumulation (p ≤ 0.001) were greater following the sustained MVIC protocol, and pH (p ≤ 0.001) and PME (p ≤ 0.001) recovery were slower. These results demonstrate that (i) a brief, sustained MVIC yields a lower value for skeletal muscle oxidative capacity than an MVDC protocol of similar duration and (ii) this difference may not be consistent across populations (e.g., young vs. old). Thus, the potential effect of contraction protocol on comparisons of kPCr in different study groups requires careful consideration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles F Bartlett
- Department of KinesiologyMuscle Physiology Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Liam F Fitzgerald
- Department of KinesiologyMuscle Physiology Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rajakumar Nagarajan
- Human Magnetic Resonance Center, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jane A Kent
- Department of KinesiologyMuscle Physiology Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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3
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Lee JB, Katerberg C, Bommarito JC, Power GA, Millar PJ. Blood Pressure Responses to Postexercise Circulatory Occlusion Are Attenuated After Exercise-Induced Muscle Weakness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1660-1671. [PMID: 37017549 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise blood pressure (BP) responses are thought to be determined by relative exercise intensity (percent maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength). However, cross-sectional studies report that during a static contraction, higher absolute force is associated with greater BP responses to relative intensity exercise and subsequent muscle metaboreflex activation with postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). We hypothesized that a bout of unaccustomed eccentric exercise would reduce knee extensor MVC and subsequently attenuate BP responses to PECO. METHODS Continuous BP, heart rate, muscle oxygenation, and knee extensor electromyography were recorded in 21 young healthy individuals (female, n = 10) during 2 min of 20% MVC static knee extension exercise and 2 min of PECO, performed before and 24 h after 300 maximal knee extensor eccentric contractions to cause exercise-induced muscle weakness. As a control, 14 participants repeated the eccentric exercise 4 wks later to test whether BP responses were altered when exercise-induced muscle weakness was attenuated via the protective effects of the repeated bout effect. RESULTS Eccentric exercise reduced MVC in all participants (144 ± 43 vs 110 ± 34 N·m, P < 0.0001). BP responses to matched relative intensity static exercise (lower absolute force) were unchanged after eccentric exercise ( P > 0.99) but were attenuated during PECO (systolic BP: 18 ± 10 vs 12 ± 9 mm Hg, P = 0.02). Exercise-induced muscle weakness modulated the deoxygenated hemoglobin response to static exercise (64% ± 22% vs 46% ± 22%, P = 0.04). When repeated after 4 wks, exercise-induced weakness after eccentric exercise was attenuated (-21.6% ± 14.3% vs -9.3 ± 9.7, P = 0.0002) and BP responses to PECO were not different from control values (all, P > 0.96). CONCLUSIONS BP responses to muscle metaboreflex activation, but not exercise, are attenuated by exercise-induced muscle weakness, indicating a contribution of absolute exercise intensity on muscle metaboreflex activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Lee
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Carlin Katerberg
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Julian C Bommarito
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Philip J Millar
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
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Jodoin HL, Hinks A, Roussel OP, Contento VS, Dalton BH, Power GA. Eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness abolishes sex differences in fatigability during sustained submaximal isometric contractions. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023:S2095-2546(23)00014-5. [PMID: 36801454 PMCID: PMC10362487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Females are typically less fatigable than males during sustained isometric contractions at lower isometric contraction intensities. This sex difference in fatigability becomes more variable during higher intensity isometric and dynamic contractions. While less fatiguing than isometric or concentric contractions, eccentric contractions induce greater and longer lasting impairments in force production. However, it is not clear how muscle weakness influences fatigability in males and females during sustained isometric contractions. METHODS We investigated the effects of eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness on time to task failure (TTF) during a sustained submaximal isometric contraction in young (18-30 years) healthy males (n = 9) and females (n = 10). Participants performed a sustained isometric contraction of the dorsiflexors at 35° plantar flexion by matching a 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque target until task failure (i.e., falling below 5% of their target torque for ≥2 s). The same sustained isometric contraction was repeated 30 min after 150 maximal eccentric contractions. Agonist and antagonist activation were assessed using surface electromyography over the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles, respectively. RESULTS Males were ∼41% stronger than females. Following eccentric exercise both males and females experienced an ∼20% decline in maximal voluntary contraction torque. TTF was ∼34% longer in females than males prior to eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness. However, following eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness, this sex-related difference was abolished, with both groups having an ∼45% shorter TTF. Notably, there was ∼100% greater antagonist activation in the female group during the sustained isometric contraction following exercise-induced weakness as compared to the males. CONCLUSION This increase in antagonist activation disadvantaged females by decreasing their TTF, resulting in a blunting of their typical fatigability advantage over males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L Jodoin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Olivia P Roussel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo S Contento
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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McKeown DJ, McNeil CJ, Simmonds MJ, Kavanagh JJ. Post-fatigue ability to activate muscle is compromised across a wide range of torques during acute hypoxic exposure. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4653-4668. [PMID: 35841186 PMCID: PMC9546238 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess how severe acute hypoxia alters the neural mechanisms of muscle activation across a wide range of torque output in a fatigued muscle. Torque and electromyography responses to transcranial and motor nerve stimulation were collected from 10 participants (27 years ± 5 years, 1 female) following repeated performance of a sustained maximal voluntary contraction that reduced torque to 60% of the pre‐fatigue peak torque. Contractions were performed after 2 h of hypoxic exposure and during a sham intervention. For hypoxia, peripheral blood oxygen saturation was titrated to 80% over a 15‐min period and remained at 80% for 2 h. Maximal voluntary torque, electromyography root mean square, voluntary activation and corticospinal excitability (motor evoked potential area) and inhibition (silent period duration) were then assessed at 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 50% and 25% of the target force corresponding to the fatigued maximal voluntary contraction. No hypoxia‐related effects were identified for voluntary activation elicited during motor nerve stimulation. However, during measurements elicited at the level of the motor cortex, voluntary activation was reduced at each torque output considered (P = .002, ηp2 = .829). Hypoxia did not impact the correlative linear relationship between cortical voluntary activation and contraction intensity or the correlative curvilinear relationship between motor nerve voluntary activation and contraction intensity. No other hypoxia‐related effects were identified for other neuromuscular variables. Acute severe hypoxia significantly impairs the ability of the motor cortex to voluntarily activate fatigued muscle across a wide range of torque output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J McKeown
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris J McNeil
- Integrated Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael J Simmonds
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin J Kavanagh
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Matsuda Y, Nakabayashi M, Suzuki T, Zhang S, Ichinose M, Ono Y. Evaluation of Local Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow in Manipulative Therapy by Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:800051. [PMID: 35087803 PMCID: PMC8786806 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.800051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulative therapy (MT) is applied to motor organs through a therapist’s hands. Although MT has been utilized in various medical treatments based on its potential role for increasing the blood flow to the local muscle, a quantitative validation of local muscle blood flow in MT remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate bedside evaluation techniques. Therefore, we investigated changes in the local blood flow to the muscle undergoing MT by employing diffuse correlation spectroscopy, a portable and emerging optical measurement technology that non-invasively measures blood flow in deep tissues. This study investigated the changes in blood flow, heart rate, blood pressure, and autonomic nervous activity in the trapezius muscle through MT application in 30 volunteers without neck and shoulder injury. Five minutes of MT significantly increased the median local blood flow relative to that of the pre-MT period (p < 0.05). The post-MT local blood flow increase was significantly higher in the MT condition than in the control condition, where participants remained still without receiving MT for the same time (p < 0.05). However, MT did not affect the heart rate, blood pressure, or cardiac autonomic nervous activity. The post-MT increase in muscle blood flow was significantly higher in the participants with muscle stiffness in the neck and shoulder regions than in those without (p < 0.05). These results suggest that MT could increase the local blood flow to the target skeletal muscle, with minimal effects on systemic circulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikie Nakabayashi
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sinan Zhang
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masashi Ichinose
- Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, School of Business Administration, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumie Ono
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yumie Ono,
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Lee JB, Lutz W, Omazic LJ, Jordan MA, Cacoilo J, Garland M, Power GA, Millar PJ. Blood Pressure Responses to Static and Dynamic Knee Extensor Exercise between Sexes: Role of Absolute Contraction Intensity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1958-1968. [PMID: 33756524 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Males have larger blood pressure (BP) responses to relative-intensity static handgrip exercise compared with females. Controlling for absolute load (maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) abolishes these differences. Whether similar observations exist during large muscle mass exercise or dynamic contractions, and the mechanisms involved, remains unknown. METHODS BP, heart rate, muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), and rectus femoris EMG were recorded in 28 males and 17 females during 10% and 30% MVC static (120 s) and isokinetic dynamic (180 s; 1:2 work-to-rest ratio; angular velocity, 60°·s-1) knee extensor exercise. Static and dynamic exercises were completed on separate visits, in a randomized order. Sex differences were examined with and without statistical adjustment of MVC (ANCOVA). RESULTS Males had larger systolic BP responses (interaction, P < 0.0001) and muscle deoxygenation (interaction, P < 0.01) than did females during 10% static exercise, with no difference in EMG (interaction, P = 0.67). Peak systolic BP was correlated with MVC (r = 0.55, P = 0. 0001), and adjustment for MVC abolished sex differences in systolic BP (interaction, P = 0.3). BP, heart rate, muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation, and EMG responses were similar between sexes during 30% static exercise (interaction; all, P > 0.2), including following adjustment for MVC (all, P > 0.1). Males had larger systolic BP responses during dynamic exercise at 10% and 30% (interaction; both, P = 0.01), which were abolished after adjustment for MVC (interaction; both, P > 0.08). Systolic BP responses were correlated with absolute MVC and stroke volume responses during 10% (r = 0.31, P = 0.04; r = 0.61, P < 0.0001, respectively) and 30% (r = 0.48, P = 0.001; r = 0.59, P < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Absolute contraction intensity can influence systolic BP responses to 10% but not 30% MVC static, as well as 10% and 30% MVC dynamic knee extensor exercise, and should be considered in cross-sectional comparisons of exercise BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Lee
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CANADA
| | - William Lutz
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CANADA
| | - Lucas J Omazic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CANADA
| | - Mitchell A Jordan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CANADA
| | - Joseph Cacoilo
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CANADA
| | - Matthew Garland
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CANADA
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CANADA
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Englund EK, Reiter DA, Shahidi B, Sigmund EE. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Skeletal Muscle: Review and Future Directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:988-1012. [PMID: 34390617 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the body, muscle structure and function can be interrogated using a variety of noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Recently, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has gained momentum as a method to evaluate components of blood flow and tissue diffusion simultaneously. Much of the prior research has focused on highly vascularized organs, including the brain, kidney, and liver. Unique aspects of skeletal muscle, including the relatively low perfusion at rest and large dynamic range of perfusion between resting and maximal hyperemic states, may influence the acquisition, postprocessing, and interpretation of IVIM data. Here, we introduce several of those unique features of skeletal muscle; review existing studies of IVIM in skeletal muscle at rest, in response to exercise, and in disease states; and consider possible confounds that should be addressed for muscle-specific evaluations. Most studies used segmented nonlinear least squares fitting with a b-value threshold of 200 sec/mm2 to obtain IVIM parameters of perfusion fraction (f), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and diffusion coefficient (D). In healthy individuals, across all muscles, the average ± standard deviation of D was 1.46 ± 0.30 × 10-3 mm2 /sec, D* was 29.7 ± 38.1 × 10-3 mm2 /sec, and f was 11.1 ± 6.7%. Comparisons of reported IVIM parameters in muscles of the back, thigh, and leg of healthy individuals showed no significant difference between anatomic locations. Throughout the body, exercise elicited a positive change of all IVIM parameters. Future directions including advanced postprocessing models and potential sequence modifications are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Englund
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Reiter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bahar Shahidi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric E Sigmund
- Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Bernard and Irene Schwarz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI), NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Øvretveit K, Laginestra FG. Mechanisms and Trainability of Peripheral Fatigue in Grappling. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Lee JB, Notay K, Seed JD, Nardone M, Omazic LJ, Millar PJ. Sex Differences in Muscle Metaboreflex Activation following Static Handgrip Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2596-2604. [PMID: 34310499 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Larger blood pressure (BP) responses to relative-intensity static exercise in males vs. females is thought to involve altered muscle metaboreflex activation, but whether this is due to an intrinsic sex difference in metabolite production or to differences in muscle strength and absolute load is unknown. METHODS Continuous BP and heart rate were recorded in 200 healthy young males and females (females: n = 109) during 2 minutes of static handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), followed by 2 minutes of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded in a subset of participants (n = 39; female n = 21), permitting calculation of signal-averaged resting sympathetic transduction (MSNA-diastolic BP). Sex differences were examined with and without statistical adjustment for MVC. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of BP responses. RESULTS Males had larger systolic BP responses (interactions, P < 0.0001) to static handgrip exercise (24 ± 10 vs. 17 ± 9 mmHg [mean ± SD], P < 0.0001) and PECO (20 ± 11 vs. 16 ± 9 mmHg, P < 0.0001). Adjustment for MVC abolished these sex differences in BP (interactions, P > 0.7). In the subset with MSNA, neither burst frequency or incidence responses to static handgrip exercise or PECO differed between males and females (interactions, P > 0.2). Resting sympathetic transduction was also similar (P = 0.8). Multivariate analysis showed that MVC, the change in MSNA, and sympathetic transduction were predictors of the systolic BP response to static handgrip but only MVC was associated with responses during PECO. CONCLUSION Sex differences in absolute contraction load contribute to differences in BP responses during muscle metaboreflex isolation using PECO. These data do not support an intrinsic effect of sex as being responsible for exercise BP differences between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Lee
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Giovannella M, Urtane E, Zanoletti M, Karadeniz U, Rubins U, Weigel UM, Marcinkevics Z, Durduran T. Microvascular blood flow changes of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle during sustained static exercise. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4235-4248. [PMID: 34457411 PMCID: PMC8367267 DOI: 10.1364/boe.427885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A practical assessment of the general health and microvascular function of the palm muscle, abductor pollicis brevis (APB), is important for the diagnosis of different conditions. In this study, we have developed a protocol and a probe to study microvascular blood flow using near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) in APB during and after thumb abduction at 55% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Near-infrared time resolved spectroscopy (TRS) was also used to characterize the baseline optical and hemodynamic properties. Thirteen (n=13) subjects were enrolled and subdivided in low MVC (N=6, MVC<2.3 kg) and high MVC (N=7, MVC≥2.3 kg) groups. After ruling out significant changes in the systemic physiology that influence the muscle hemodynamics, we have observed that the high MVC group showed a 56% and 36% decrease in the blood flow during exercise, with respect to baseline, in the long and short source-detector (SD) separations (p=0.031 for both). No statistical differences were shown for the low MVC group (p=1 for short and p=0.15 for long SD). These results suggest that the mechanical occlusion, due to increased intramuscular pressure, exceeded the vasodilation elicited by the higher metabolic demand. Also, blood flow changes during thumb contraction negatively correlated (R=-0.7, p<0.01) with the absolute force applied by each subject. Furthermore, after the exercise, muscular blood flow increased significantly immediately after thumb contractions in both high and low MVC groups, with respect to the recorded values during the exercise (p=0.031). An increase of 251% (200%) was found for the long (short) SD in the low MVC group. The high MVC groups showed a significant 90% increase in blood flow only after 80 s from the start of the protocol. For both low and high MVC groups, blood flow recovered to baseline values within 160 s from starting the exercise. In conclusion, DCS allows the study of the response of a small muscle to static exercise and can be potentially used in multiple clinical conditions scenarios for assessing microvascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giovannella
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Evelina Urtane
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, University of Latvia, Kronvalda Blvd. 4, LV 1586, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Umut Karadeniz
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Uldis Rubins
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 19 Rainis Blvd., Riga LV- 1586, Latvia
| | - Udo M. Weigel
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss Num. 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Zbignevs Marcinkevics
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, University of Latvia, Kronvalda Blvd. 4, LV 1586, Riga, Latvia
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Gouraud E, Connes P, Gauthier-Vasserot A, Faes C, Merazga S, Poutrel S, Renoux C, Boisson C, Joly P, Bertrand Y, Hot A, Cannas G, Hautier C. Impact of a submaximal mono-articular exercise on the skeletal muscle function of patients with sickle cell disease. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2459-2470. [PMID: 34023973 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients exhibit a limited exercise tolerance commonly attributed to anaemia, as well as hemorheological and cardio-respiratory abnormalities, but the functional status of skeletal muscle at exercise is unknown. Moreover, the effect of SCD genotype on exercise tolerance and skeletal muscle function has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate skeletal muscle function and fatigue during a submaximal exercise in SCD patients. METHODS Nineteen healthy individuals (AA), 28 patients with sickle cell anaemia (SS) and 18 with sickle cell-haemoglobin C disease (SC) performed repeated knee extensions exercise (FAT). Maximal isometric torque (Tmax) was measured before and after the FAT to quantify muscle fatigability. Electromyographic activity and oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy of the Vastus Lateralis were recorded. RESULTS FAT caused a reduction in Tmax in SS (- 17.0 ± 12.1%, p < 0.001) and SC (- 21.5 ± 14.5%, p < 0.05) but not in AA (+ 0.58 ± 29.9%). Root-mean-squared value of EMG signal (RMS) decreased only in SS after FAT, while the median power frequency (MPF) was unchanged in all groups. Oxygenation kinetics were determined in SS and AA and were not different. CONCLUSION These results show skeletal muscle dysfunction during exercise in SCD patients, and suggest different fatigue aetiology between SS and SC. The changes in EMG signal and oxygenation kinetics during exercise suggest that the greater skeletal muscle fatigue occurring in SCD patients would be rather due to intramuscular alterations modifications than decreased tissue oxygenation. Moreover, SS patients exhibit greater muscle fatigability than SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Gouraud
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France.,Institute of Universities of France, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Gauthier-Vasserot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France.,Hematology and Oncology Pediatric Unit, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Reference Centre in Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia and Rare Red Blood Cell and Erythropoiesis Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Faes
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France
| | - Salima Merazga
- Reference Centre in Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia and Rare Red Blood Cell and Erythropoiesis Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Poutrel
- Reference Centre in Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia and Rare Red Blood Cell and Erythropoiesis Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Internal Medicine Department, Edouard-Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Renoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry of Erythrocyte Pathologies, Biology Centre East, Bron, France
| | - Camille Boisson
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France
| | - Philippe Joly
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry of Erythrocyte Pathologies, Biology Centre East, Bron, France
| | - Yves Bertrand
- Hematology and Oncology Pediatric Unit, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Reference Centre in Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia and Rare Red Blood Cell and Erythropoiesis Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Hot
- Reference Centre in Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia and Rare Red Blood Cell and Erythropoiesis Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Internal Medicine Department, Edouard-Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Giovanna Cannas
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France.,Reference Centre in Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia and Rare Red Blood Cell and Erythropoiesis Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Internal Medicine Department, Edouard-Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Hautier
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France. .,Laboratory of Excellence "GR-Ex", Paris, France.
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13
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Lopez C, Taivassalo T, Berru MG, Saavedra A, Rasmussen HC, Batra A, Arora H, Roetzheim AM, Walter GA, Vandenborne K, Forbes SC. Postcontractile blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:83-94. [PMID: 34013753 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00634.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by a progressive replacement of muscle by fat and fibrous tissue, muscle weakness, and loss of functional abilities. Impaired vasodilatory and blood flow responses to muscle activation have also been observed in DMD and associated with mislocalization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase mu (nNOSμ) from the sarcolemma. The objective of this study was to determine whether the postcontractile blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI response is impaired in DMD and correlated with established markers of disease severity in DMD, including MRI muscle fat fraction (FF) and clinical functional measures. Young boys with DMD (n = 16, 5-14 yr) and unaffected controls (n = 16, 5-14 yr) were evaluated using postcontractile BOLD, FF, and functional assessments. The BOLD response was measured following five brief (2 s) maximal voluntary dorsiflexion contractions, each separated by 1 min of rest. FFs from the anterior compartment lower leg muscles were quantified via chemical shift-encoded imaging. Functional abilities were assessed using the 10 m walk/run and the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). The peak BOLD responses in the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus were reduced (P < 0.001) in DMD compared with controls. Furthermore, the anterior compartment peak BOLD response correlated with function (6MWD ρ = 0.87, P < 0.0001; 10 m walk/run time ρ = -0.78, P < 0.001) and FF (ρ = -0.52, P = 0.05). The reduced postcontractile BOLD response in DMD may reflect impaired microvascular function. The relationship observed between the postcontractile peak BOLD response and functional measures and FF suggests that the BOLD response is altered with disease severity in DMD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study examined the postcontractile blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and unaffected controls, and correlated this measure to markers of disease severity. Our findings indicate that the postcontractile BOLD response is impaired in DMD after brief muscle contractions, is correlated to disease severity, and may be valuable to implement in future studies to evaluate treatments targeting microvascular function in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lopez
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tanja Taivassalo
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria G Berru
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andres Saavedra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hannah C Rasmussen
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Abhinandan Batra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Harneet Arora
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alex M Roetzheim
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sean C Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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14
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Bergua P, Montero-Marin J, Gomez-Bruton A, Casajús JA. The finger flexors occlusion threshold in sport-climbers: an exploratory study on its indirect approximation. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1234-1242. [PMID: 32962556 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1827047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow partially determines specific climbing endurance (SCE) as it mediates oxygen bio-availability in the finger flexors. Blood flow is related to occlusion threshold (OT), which is defined as the contraction intensity at which intramuscular pressure exceeds perfusion blood pressure resulting in the cessation of local blood flow. The OT is represented as an inflection point on a force-time graph when isometric force is registered and applied through maximal and continuous tests. Endurance time (ET) to exhaustion is influenced by the relative isometric applied force and is different for each climber. The aim of this study was to explore whether an approximation of the finger flexoŕs OT in sport climbers through records of ET to exhaustion at different isometric relative intensities was possible. We measured maximum finger hang ETs at 6 intensities ranging from 85% to 35% maximal force in 34 sport climbers of advanced and elite level. The values obtained were analysed by two different methods in an attempt to determine a change in the shape of the curve in the intensity-ET relationship graphs that approximated the OT for each climber. The results suggest that the finger flexoŕs OT could be different among climbers, regardless of their strength and ability level. The presented methods do not accurately reflect the OT, but could indicate the intensity at which blood flow is restored in the active muscles. This is the first study to indirectly approximate the finger flexors OT in sport-climbers, a parameter that could be essential to assess SCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bergua
- Post-doctoral researcher in Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Jesús Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - José A Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Looft JM, Frey-Law LA. Adapting a fatigue model for shoulder flexion fatigue: Enhancing recovery rate during intermittent rest intervals. J Biomech 2020; 106:109762. [PMID: 32517992 PMCID: PMC8848298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although the rotator cuff muscles are susceptible to fatigue, shoulder fatigue studies reporting torque decline during intermittent tasks are relatively uncommon in the literature. A previous modification to the three-compartment controller (3CC) fatigue model incorporated a rest recovery multiplier (3CC-r model) to represent augmented blood flow to muscle during rest intervals (Looft et al., 2018). A rest recovery value of r = 15 was optimal for ankle, knee, and elbow joint regions, whereas r = 30 was better for hand/grip muscles. However, shoulder torque decline data was unavailable in the literature for comparison. Thus, the purpose of this study was to collect fatigue data for two different intermittent, isometric shoulder flexion fatiguing tasks and assess the 3CC-r model with r = 15 or 30 compared to the original 3CC model. Twenty healthy participants (9 M) completed two fatigue tasks: 50% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with 50% duty cycle (DC) and 70% MVC with 70% DC. MVCs were assessed at discrete time points (1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min) until endurance time (MET). Mean observed percent torque decline (%TD) for the two tasks were compared to three model estimates: 3CC-r (using r = 15 and r = 30) and 3CC. Using these data, we confirmed that the addition of a rest multiplier (r = 15 somewhat better than r = 30) substantially improved predictions of shoulder fatigue using a previously validated analytical fatigue model (3CC). The relatively large reduction in model errors over the original model suggests the importance of representing augmented recovery during rest periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Looft
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, United States; Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52442, United States.
| | - Laura A Frey-Law
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52442, United States
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16
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Dech S, Bittmann F, Schaefer L. Behavior of oxygen saturation and blood filling in the venous capillary system of the biceps brachii muscle during a fatiguing isometric action. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8800. [PMID: 32499884 PMCID: PMC7254419 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to develop a better understanding of the capillary circulation in contracting muscles. Ten subjects were measured during a submaximal fatiguing isometric muscle action by use of the O2C spectrophotometer. In all measurements the capillary-venous oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SvO2) decreased immediately after the start of loading and leveled off into a steady state. However, two different patterns (type I and type II) emerged. They differed in the extent of deoxygenation (-10.37 ±2.59 percent points (pp) vs. -33.86 ±17.35 pp, p = .008) and the behavior of the relative hemoglobin amount (rHb). Type I revealed a positive rank correlation of SvO2 and rHb (ρ = 0.735, p <.001), whereas a negative rank correlation (ρ = -0.522, p <.001) occurred in type II, since rHb decreased until a reversal point, then increased averagely 13% above the baseline value and leveled off into a steady state. The results reveal that a homeostasis of oxygen delivery and consumption during isometric muscle actions is possible. A rough distinction in two types of regulation is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Dech
- Regulative Physiology and Prevention, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany
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17
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Mitchell RA, Boyle KG, Ramsook AH, Puyat JH, Henderson WR, Koehle MS, Guenette JA. The Impact of Cycling Cadence on Respiratory and Hemodynamic Responses to Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:1727-1735. [PMID: 30817718 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The physiological consequences of freely chosen cadence during cycling remains poorly understood. We sought to determine the effect of cadence on the respiratory and hemodynamic response to cycling exercise. METHODS Eleven cyclists (10 males, 1 female; age, 27 ± 6 yr; V˙O2max = 60.8 ± 3.7 mL·kg·min) completed four, 6-min constant-load cycling trials at 10% below their previously determined gas exchange threshold (i.e., 63% ± 5% peak power) while pedaling at 60, 90, and 120 rpm, and a freely chosen cadence (94.3 ± 6.9 rpm) in randomized order. Standard cardiorespiratory parameters were measured and an esophageal electrode balloon catheter was used to assess electromyography of the diaphragm (EMGdi) and the work of breathing (Wb). Leg blood flow index (BFI) was determined on four muscles using near-infrared spectroscopy with indocyanine green dye injections. RESULTS Oxygen uptake (V˙O2) increased as a function of increasing cadence (all pairwise comparisons, P < 0.05). The EMGdi and Wb were significantly greater at 120 rpm compared with all other conditions (all P < 0.01). Vastus medialis and semitendinosus BFI were significantly greater at 120 rpm compared with 60 and 90 rpm (all P < 0.05). Gastrocnemius BFI was higher at 120 rpm compared with all other cadences (all P < 0.01). No difference in BFI was found in the vastus lateralis (P = 0.06). Blood flow index was significantly correlated with the increase in V˙O2 with increasing cadence in the medial gastrocnemius (P < 0.001) and approached significance in the vastus lateralis (P = 0.09), vastus medialis (P = 0.06), and semitendinosus (P = 0.09). There was no effect of cadence on Borg 0-10 breathing or leg discomfort ratings (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High cadence cycling at submaximal exercise intensities is metabolically inefficient and increases EMGdi, Wb, and leg muscle blood flow relative to slower cadences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid A Mitchell
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA
| | - Kyle G Boyle
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA
| | - Andrew H Ramsook
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA
| | - Joseph H Puyat
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA
| | - William R Henderson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA
| | - Michael S Koehle
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA.,Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA
| | - Jordan A Guenette
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA.,School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA
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18
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Hurley DM, Williams ER, Cross JM, Riedinger BR, Meyer RA, Abela GS, Slade JM. Aerobic Exercise Improves Microvascular Function in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:773-781. [PMID: 30489496 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular function is reduced with age, disease, and inactivity. Exercise is well known to improve vascular health and has the potential to improve microvascular function in aging and disease. PURPOSE The study aimed to assess changes in peripheral microvascular function in sedentary older adults after aerobic exercise training. METHODS Twenty-three sedentary older adults (67 ± 5 yr, body mass index = 29 ± 5, mean ± SD) successfully completed a randomized 12-wk graded treadmill walking intervention. The exercise group (EX) performed 40 min of uphill walking 4 d·wk at 70% heart rate reserve. The control group (CON) maintained a sedentary lifestyle for 12 wk. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses of the soleus measured by magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate microvascular function; brief (1 s) maximal plantarflexion contractions were performed. Separately, blood flow in the popliteal artery was measured by ultrasound after brief contraction. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the calf was used to examine muscle oxidative capacity, and whole-body peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) was used to confirm training-induced cardiorespiratory adaptations. RESULTS Peak postcontraction BOLD response increased by 33% in EX (PRE, 3.3% ± 1.0%; POST, 4.4% ± 1.4%) compared with CON (PRE, 3.0% ± 1.3%; POST, 3.2% ± 1.5%), P < 0.05. EX with hypertension tended to show a blunted peak BOLD increase (n = 6, 15%) compared with EX normotensive (n = 7, 50%), P = 0.056. Peak postcontraction blood flow increased by 39% in EX (PRE, 217 ± 88 mL·min; POST, 302 ± 167 mL·min) compared with CON (PRE, 188 ± 54 mL·min; POST, 184 ± 44 mL·min), P < 0.05. EX muscle oxidative capacity (kPCr) improved by 40% (PRE, 1.60 ± 0.57 min; POST, 2.25 ± 0.80 min) compared with CON (PRE, 1.69 ± 0.28 min; POST, 1.76 ± 0.52 min), P < 0.05. V˙O2peak increased by 9% for EX (PRE, 19.0 ± 3.1 mL·kg·min; POST, 20.8 ± 2.9 mL·kg·min) compared with a 7% loss in CON (PRE, 21.9 ± 3.6 mL·kg·min; POST, 20.4 ± 3.5 mL·kg·min), P < 0.05. CONCLUSION Moderate aerobic exercise significantly improved microvascular function of the leg in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hurley
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Ewan R Williams
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jeff M Cross
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | - Ronald A Meyer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - George S Abela
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jill M Slade
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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19
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Batra A, Vohra RS, Chrzanowski SM, Hammers DW, Lott DJ, Vandenborne K, Walter GA, Forbes SC. Effects of PDE5 inhibition on dystrophic muscle following an acute bout of downhill running and endurance training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1737-1745. [PMID: 30946638 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00664.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of sarcolemma-localized neuronal nitric oxide synthase mu (nNOSμ) contributes to muscle damage and fatigue in dystrophic muscle. In this study, we examined the effects of compensating for lack of nNOSμ with a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor in mdx mice following downhill running and endurance training. Dystrophic mice (mdx) were treated with sildenafil citrate and compared with untreated mdx and wild-type mice after an acute bout of downhill running and during a progressive low-intensity treadmill running program (5 days/wk, 4 wk). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) transverse relaxation time constant (T2) of hindlimb and forelimb muscles were measured as a marker of muscle damage after downhill running and throughout training. The MRI blood oxygenation level dependence (BOLD) response and 31phosphorus MRS (31P-MRS) data were acquired after stimulated muscle contractions. After downhill running, the increase in T2 was attenuated (P < 0.05) in treated mdx and wild-type mice compared with untreated mdx. During training, resting T2 values did not change in wild-type and mdx mice from baseline values; however, the running distance completed during training was greater (P < 0.05) in treated mdx (>90% of target distance) and wild-type (100%) than untreated mdx (60%). The post-contractile BOLD response was greater (P < 0.05) in treated mdx that trained than untreated mdx, with no differences in muscle oxidative capacity, as measured by 31P-MRS. Our findings indicate that PDE5 inhibition reduces muscle damage after a single bout of downhill running and improves performance during endurance training in dystrophic mice, possibly because of enhanced microvascular function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study examined the combined effects of PDE5 inhibition and exercise in dystrophic muscle using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Our findings demonstrated that sildenafil citrate reduces muscle damage after a single bout of downhill running, improves endurance-training performance, and enhances microvascular function in dystrophic muscle. Collectively, the results support the combination of exercise and PDE5 inhibition as a therapeutic approach in muscular dystrophies lacking nNOSμ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Batra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ravneet S Vohra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Steve M Chrzanowski
- Department of Physiology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - David W Hammers
- Department of Pharmacology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Donovan J Lott
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sean C Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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20
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Muddle TW, Magrini MA, Colquhoun RJ, Luera MJ, Tomko PM, Jenkins ND. Impact of Fatiguing, Submaximal High- vs. Low-Torque Isometric Exercise on Acute Muscle Swelling, and Echo Intensity in Resistance-Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1007-1019. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Mantooth WP, Mehta RK, Rhee J, Cavuoto LA. Task and sex differences in muscle oxygenation during handgrip fatigue development. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1646-1656. [PMID: 30317942 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1504991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine task and sex differences in forearm muscle oxygenation, measured using near infrared spectroscopy, during sustained submaximal handgrip exercises. Forty-eight adults (50% males) performed fatiguing handgrip exercises at 20, 40, 60 and 80% of their maximum handgrip strength. While males and females exhibited similar levels of relative fatigability, forearm oxygenation was found to be task (i.e. contraction intensity and phase of fatigue development) and sex dependent. Higher contraction intensities were associated with greater desaturation over time. Compared to females, males exhibited greater desaturation as fatigue progressed and this was augmented at higher contraction intensities. These may be likely affected by sex differences in muscle mass, morphology and strength differences during exercises at relative intensities. Future work that explores sex differences in muscle oxygenation during absolute force intensities are needed, which may have implications for muscle fatigue development and potential fatigue mitigation strategies. Practitioner Summary: Muscle oxygenation impacts fatigue development that can in turn affect worker health and productivity. Males exhibit greater forearm desaturation than females at higher relative work intensities, despite similar fatigue levels. Females may be predisposed to greater muscle delivery and oxygenation challenges that can increase their fatigability during work at absolute load levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney P Mantooth
- a Environmental and Occupational Health , Texas A&M University, College Station , TX , USA
| | - Ranjana K Mehta
- a Environmental and Occupational Health , Texas A&M University, College Station , TX , USA
- b Industrial and Systems Engineering , Texas A&M University, College Station , TX , USA
| | - Joohyun Rhee
- a Environmental and Occupational Health , Texas A&M University, College Station , TX , USA
| | - Lora A Cavuoto
- c Industrial and Systems Engineering , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Looft JM, Herkert N, Frey-Law L. Modification of a three-compartment muscle fatigue model to predict peak torque decline during intermittent tasks. J Biomech 2018; 77:16-25. [PMID: 29960732 PMCID: PMC6092960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test whether adding a rest recovery parameter, r, to the analytical three-compartment controller (3CC) fatigue model (Xia and Frey Law, 2008) will improve fatigue estimates during intermittent contractions. The 3CC muscle fatigue model uses differential equations to predict the flow of muscle between three muscle states: Resting (MR), Active (MA), and Fatigued (MF). This model uses a feedback controller to match the active state to target loads and two joint-specific parameters: F, fatigue rate controlling flow from active to fatigued compartments) and R, the recovery rate controlling flow from the fatigued to the resting compartments. This model does well to predict intensity-endurance time curves for sustained isometric tasks. However, previous studies find when rest intervals are present that the model over predicts fatigue. Intermittent rest periods would allow for the occurrence of subsequent reactive vasodilation and post-contraction hyperemia. We hypothesize a modified 3CC-r fatigue model will improve predictions of force decay during intermittent contractions with the addition of a rest recovery parameter, r, to augment recovery during rest intervals, representing muscle re-perfusion. A meta-analysis compiling intermittent fatigue data from 63 publications reporting decline in peak torque (% torque decline) were used for comparison. The original model over-predicted fatigue development from 19 to 29% torque decline; the addition of a rest multiplier significantly improved fatigue estimates to 6-10% torque decline. We conclude the addition of a rest multiplier to the three-compartment controller fatigue model provides a physiologically consistent modification for tasks involving rest intervals, resulting in improved estimates of muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Looft
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nicole Herkert
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura Frey-Law
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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23
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Mastropietro A, Porcelli S, Cadioli M, Rasica L, Scalco E, Gerevini S, Marzorati M, Rizzo G. Triggered intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for the assessment of calf muscle perfusion during isometric intermittent exercise. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3922. [PMID: 29637672 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this paper was to propose triggered intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging sequences for the evaluation of perfusion changes in calf muscles before, during and after isometric intermittent exercise. Twelve healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The subjects were asked to perform intermittent isometric plantar flexions inside the MRI bore. MRI of the calf muscles was performed on a 3.0 T scanner and diffusion-weighted (DW) images were obtained using eight different b values (0 to 500 s/mm2 ). Acquisitions were performed at rest, during exercise and in the subsequent recovery phase. A motion-triggered echo-planar imaging DW sequence was implemented to avoid movement artifacts. Image quality was evaluated using the average edge strength (AES) as a quantitative metric to assess the motion artifact effect. IVIM parameters (diffusion D, perfusion fraction f and pseudo-diffusion D*) were estimated using a segmented fitting approach and evaluated in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. No differences were observed in quality of IVIM images between resting state and triggered exercise, whereas the non-triggered images acquired during exercise had a significantly lower value of AES (reduction of more than 20%). The isometric intermittent plantar-flexion exercise induced an increase of all IVIM parameters (D by 10%; f by 90%; D* by 124%; fD* by 260%), in agreement with the increased muscle perfusion occurring during exercise. Finally, IVIM parameters reverted to the resting values within 3 min during the recovery phase. In conclusion, the IVIM approach, if properly adapted using motion-triggered sequences, seems to be a promising method to investigate muscle perfusion during isometric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Mastropietro
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
| | - Simone Porcelli
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
| | - Marcello Cadioli
- Dipartimento di Neuroradiologia, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Philips Healthcare, Monza, Italy
| | - Letizia Rasica
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Scalco
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Marzorati
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rizzo
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
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Broxterman RM, Hureau TJ, Layec G, Morgan DE, Bledsoe AD, Jessop JE, Amann M, Richardson RS. Influence of group III/IV muscle afferents on small muscle mass exercise performance: a bioenergetics perspective. J Physiol 2018; 596:2301-2314. [PMID: 29644702 DOI: 10.1113/jp275817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS This investigation assessed the influence of group III/IV muscle afferents on small muscle mass exercise performance from a skeletal muscle bioenergetics perspective. Group III/IV muscle afferent feedback was attenuated with lumbar intrathecal fentanyl during intermittent isometric single-leg knee-extensor all-out exercise, while 31 P-MRS was used to assess skeletal muscle bioenergetics. Attenuation of group III/IV muscle afferent feedback improved exercise performance during the first minute of exercise, due to an increase in total ATP production with no change in the ATP cost of contraction. However, exercise performance was not altered during the remainder of the protocol, despite a sustained increase in total ATP production, due to an exacerbated ATP cost of contraction. These findings reveal that group III/IV muscle afferents directly limit exercise performance during small muscle mass exercise, but, due to their critical role in maintaining skeletal muscle contractile efficiency, with time, the benefit of attenuating the muscle afferents is negated. ABSTRACT The direct influence of group III/IV muscle afferents on exercise performance remains equivocal. Therefore, all-out intermittent isometric single-leg knee-extensor exercise and phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31 P-MRS) were utilized to provide a high time resolution assessment of exercise performance and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in control conditions (CTRL) and with the attenuation of group III/IV muscle afferent feedback via lumbar intrathecal fentanyl (FENT). In both conditions, seven recreationally active men performed 60 maximal voluntary quadriceps contractions (MVC; 3 s contraction, 2 s relaxation), while knee-extensor force and 31 P-MRS were assessed during each MVC. The cumulative integrated force was significantly greater (8 ± 6%) in FENT than CTRL for the first minute of the all-out protocol, but was not significantly different for the second to fifth minutes. Total ATP production was significantly greater (16 ± 21%) in FENT than CTRL throughout the all-out exercise protocol, due to a significantly greater anaerobic ATP production (11 ± 13%) in FENT than CTRL with no significant difference in oxidative ATP production. The ATP cost of contraction was not significantly different between FENT and CTRL for the first minute of the all-out protocol, but was significantly greater (29 ± 34%) in FENT than in CTRL for the second to fifth minutes. These findings reveal that group III/IV muscle afferents directly limit exercise performance during small muscle mass exercise, but, due to their critical role in maintaining skeletal muscle contractile efficiency, with time, the benefit from muscle afferent attenuation is negated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David E Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amber D Bledsoe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jacob E Jessop
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Markus Amann
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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25
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Broxterman RM, Layec G, Hureau TJ, Morgan DE, Bledsoe AD, Jessop JE, Amann M, Richardson RS. Bioenergetics and ATP Synthesis during Exercise: Role of Group III/IV Muscle Afferents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:2404-2413. [PMID: 28767527 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the group III/IV muscle afferents in the bioenergetics of exercising skeletal muscle beyond constraining the magnitude of metabolic perturbation. METHODS Eight healthy men performed intermittent isometric knee-extensor exercise to task failure at ~58% maximal voluntary contraction under control conditions (CTRL) and with lumbar intrathecal fentanyl to attenuate group III/IV leg muscle afferents (FENT). Intramuscular concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), diprotonated phosphate (H2PO4), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and pH were determined using phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-MRS). RESULTS The magnitude of metabolic perturbation was significantly greater in FENT compared with CTRL for [Pi] (37.8 ± 16.8 vs 28.6 ± 8.6 mM), [H2PO4] (24.3 ± 12.2 vs 17.9 ± 7.1 mM), and [ATP] (75.8% ± 17.5% vs 81.9% ± 15.8% of baseline), whereas there was no significant difference in [PCr] (4.5 ± 2.4 vs 4.4 ± 2.3 mM) or pH (6.51 ± 0.10 vs 6.54 ± 0.14). The rate of perturbation in [PCr], [Pi], [H2PO4], and pH was significantly faster in FENT compared with CTRL. Oxidative ATP synthesis was not significantly different between conditions. However, anaerobic ATP synthesis, through augmented creatine kinase and glycolysis reactions, was significantly greater in FENT than in CTRL, resulting in a significantly greater ATP cost of contraction (0.049 ± 0.016 vs 0.038 ± 0.010 mM·min·N). CONCLUSION Group III/IV muscle afferents not only constrain the magnitude of perturbation in intramuscular Pi, H2PO4, and ATP during small muscle mass exercise but also seem to play a role in maintaining efficient skeletal muscle contractile function in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Broxterman
- 1Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT; 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; 3Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and 4Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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26
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Kalia V, Leung DG, Sneag DB, Del Grande F, Carrino JA. Advanced MRI Techniques for Muscle Imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2017; 21:459-469. [PMID: 28772322 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAdvanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can evaluate a wide array of muscle pathologies including acute or chronic muscle injury, musculotendinous response to injury, intramuscular collections and soft tissue masses, and others. In recent years, MRI has played a more important role in muscle disease diagnosis and monitoring. MRI provides excellent spatial and contrast resolution and helps direct optimal sites for muscle biopsy. Whole-body MRI now helps identify signature patterns of muscular involvement in large anatomical regions with relative ease. Quantitative MRI has advanced the evaluation and disease tracking of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration in entities such as muscular dystrophies. Multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) now allows a more thorough, complete evaluation of a muscle of interest without the inherent sampling bias of single-voxel MRS or biopsy. Diffusion MRI allows quantification of muscle inflammation and capillary perfusion as well as muscle fiber tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kalia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Doris G Leung
- The Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Darryl B Sneag
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Filippo Del Grande
- Servizio si Radiologia del Sottoceneri, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - John A Carrino
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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27
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Paradis-Deschênes P, Joanisse DR, Billaut F. Sex-Specific Impact of Ischemic Preconditioning on Tissue Oxygenation and Maximal Concentric Force. Front Physiol 2017; 7:674. [PMID: 28105020 PMCID: PMC5215068 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior peripheral hypoxia induced via remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can improve physical performance in male athletes through improved O2 delivery and utilization. Since females may have an innate protective mechanism against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and since muscle metabolism during contraction differs between sexes, it is relevant to examine the impact of sex in response to IPC to determine whether it is also ergogenic in females. In a randomized, crossover, single-blind study, we investigated muscle performance, hemodynamic and O2 uptake in strength-trained males (n = 9) and females (n = 8) performing five sets of 5 maximum voluntary knee extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer, preceded by either IPC (3 × 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion cycles at 200 mmHg) or SHAM (20 mmHg). Changes in deoxy-hemoglobin (Δ[HHb], expressed in percentage of arterial occlusion and considered an index of O2 extraction), and total hemoglobin (Δ[THb]) concentrations of the vastus lateralis muscle were continuously monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy. The metabolic efficiency of the contractions was calculated as the average force/Δ[HHb]avg ratio. Cohen's effect sizes (ES) ± 90% confidence limits were used to estimate IPC-induced changes and sex differences. IPC increased total muscular force in males only (13.0%, ES 0.64, 0.37;0.90), and this change was greater than in females (10.4% difference, ES 0.40, 0.10;0.70). Percent force decrement was only attenuated in females (-19.8%, ES -0.38, -0.77;0.01), which was clearly different than males (sex difference: ES 0.45, -0.16;1.07). IPC also induced different changes between sexes for average muscle O2 uptake in set 2 (males: 6.4% vs. females: -16.7%, ES 0.21, -0.18;0.60), set 3 (males: 7.0% vs. females: -44.4%, ES 0.56, -0.17;1.29), set 4 (males: 9.1% vs. females: -40.2%, ES 0.51, -0.10;1.13), and set 5 (males: 10.2% vs. females: -40.4%, ES 0.52, -0.04;1.09). However, metabolic efficiency was not meaningfully different between conditions and sexes. IPC increased muscle blood volume (↑[THb]) at rest and during recovery between sets, to the same extent in both sexes. Despite a similar IPC-induced initial increase in O2 delivery in both sexes, males displayed greater peripheral O2 extraction and greater strength enhancement. This ergogenic effect appears to be mediated in part via an up regulated oxidative function in males. We conclude that strength-trained males might benefit more from IPC than their female counterparts during repeated, maximal efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Paradis-Deschênes
- Département de kinésiologie, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis R Joanisse
- Département de kinésiologie, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - François Billaut
- Département de kinésiologie, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec, QC, Canada; Institut National du Sport du QuébecMontréal, QC, Canada
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28
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Muller MD, Li Z, Sica CT, Luck JC, Gao Z, Blaha CA, Cauffman AE, Ross AJ, Winkler NJR, Herr MD, Brandt K, Wang J, Gallagher DC, Karunanayaka P, Vesek J, Leuenberger UA, Yang QX, Sinoway LI. Muscle oxygenation during dynamic plantar flexion exercise: combining BOLD MRI with traditional physiological measurements. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/20/e13004. [PMID: 27798357 PMCID: PMC5099966 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-oxygen-level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) has the potential to quantify skeletal muscle oxygenation with high temporal and high spatial resolution. The purpose of this study was to characterize skeletal muscle BOLD responses during steady-state plantar flexion exercise (i.e., during the brief rest periods between muscle contraction). We used three different imaging modalities (ultrasound of the popliteal artery, BOLD MRI, and near-infrared spectroscopy [NIRS]) and two different exercise intensities (2 and 6 kg). Six healthy men underwent three separate protocols of dynamic plantar flexion exercise on separate days and acute physiological responses were measured. Ultrasound studies showed the percent change in popliteal velocity from baseline to the end of exercise was 151 ± 24% during 2 kg and 589 ± 145% during 6 kg. MRI studies showed an abrupt decrease in BOLD signal intensity at the onset of 2 kg exercise, indicating deoxygenation. The BOLD signal was further reduced during 6 kg exercise (compared to 2 kg) at 1 min (-4.3 ± 0.7 vs. -1.2 ± 0.4%, P < 0.001). Similarly, the change in the NIRS muscle oxygen saturation in the medial gastrocnemius was -11 ± 4% at 2 kg and -38 ± 11% with 6 kg (P = 0.041). In conclusion, we demonstrate that BOLD signal intensity decreases during plantar flexion and this effect is augmented at higher exercise workloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Muller
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher T Sica
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - J Carter Luck
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaohui Gao
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Cheryl A Blaha
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Aimee E Cauffman
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda J Ross
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan J R Winkler
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Herr
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen Brandt
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David C Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Prasanna Karunanayaka
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Vesek
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Urs A Leuenberger
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Lawrence I Sinoway
- Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Paradis-Deschênes P, Joanisse DR, Billaut F. Ischemic preconditioning increases muscle perfusion, oxygen uptake, and force in strength-trained athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:938-44. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Muscle ischemia and reperfusion induced by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can improve performance in various activities. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IPC on muscle hemodynamics and oxygen (O2) uptake during repeated maximal contractions. In a cross-over, randomized, single-blind study, 10 strength-trained men performed 5 sets of 5 maximal voluntary knee extensions of the right leg on an isokinetic dynamometer, preceded by either IPC of the right lower limb (3×5-min compression/5-min reperfusion cycles at 200 mm Hg) or sham (20 mm Hg). Changes in deoxyhemoglobin, expressed as a percentage of arterial occlusion, and total hemoglobin ([THb]) concentrations of the vastus lateralis muscle were monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy. Differences between IPC and sham were analyzed using Cohen’s effect size (ES) ± 90% confidence limits, and magnitude-based inferences. Compared with sham, IPC likely increased muscle blood volume at rest (↑[THb], 46.5%; ES, 0.56; 90% confidence limits for ES, –0.21, 1.32). During exercise, peak force was almost certainly higher (11.8%; ES, 0.37; 0.27, 0.47), average force was very likely higher (12.6%; ES, 0.47; 0.29, 0.66), and average muscle O2 uptake was possibly increased (15.8%; ES, 0.36; –0.07, 0.79) after IPC. In the recovery periods between contractions, IPC also increased blood volume after sets 1 (23.6%; ES, 0.30; –0.05, 0.65) and 5 (25.1%; ES, 0.32; 0.09, 0.55). Three cycles of IPC immediately increased muscle perfusion and O2 uptake, conducive to higher repeated force capacity in strength-trained athletes. This maneuver therefore appears relevant to enhancing exercise training stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Paradis-Deschênes
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis R. Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - François Billaut
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut national du sport du Québec, Montréal, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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30
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West SL, O'Gorman CS, Elzibak AH, Caterini J, Noseworthy MD, Rayner T, Hamilton J, Wells GD. Skeletal muscle microvascular function in girls with Turner syndrome. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:25-30. [PMID: 26676172 PMCID: PMC4661506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise intolerance is prevalent in individuals with Turner Syndrome (TS). We recently demonstrated that girls with TS have normal aerobic but altered skeletal muscle anaerobic metabolism compared to healthy controls (HC). The purpose of this study was to compare peripheral skeletal muscle microvascular function in girls with TS to HC after exercise. We hypothesized that girls with TS would have similar muscle blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal responses during recovery from exercise compared to HC. METHODS Thirteen TS participants and 8 HC completed testing. BOLD MRI was used to measure skeletal muscle microvascular response during 60 second recovery, following 60 s of exercise at 65% of maximal workload. Exercise and recovery were repeated four times, and the BOLD signal time course was fit to a four-parameter sigmoid function. RESULTS Participants were 13.7 ± 3.1 years old and weighed 47.9 ± 14.6 kg. The mean change in BOLD signal intensity following exercise at the end of recovery, the mean response time of the function/the washout of deoxyhemoglobin, and the mean half-time of recovery were similar between the TS and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that compared to HC, peripheral skeletal muscle microvascular function following exercise in girls with TS is not impaired. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study supports the idea that the aerobic energy pathway is not impaired in children with TS in response to submaximal exercise. Other mechanisms are likely responsible for exercise intolerance in TS; this needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L West
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, The University of Toronto, Canada ; Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Clodagh S O'Gorman
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada ; Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Alyaa H Elzibak
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Jessica Caterini
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, The University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael D Noseworthy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Canada ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Tammy Rayner
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Greg D Wells
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, The University of Toronto, Canada ; Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
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31
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Larsen RG, Hirata RP, Madzak A, Frøkjær JB, Graven-Nielsen T. Eccentric exercise slows in vivo microvascular reactivity during brief contractions in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1272-81. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed exercise involving eccentric contractions results in muscle soreness and an overall decline in muscle function, however, little is known about the effects of eccentric exercise on microvascular reactivity in human skeletal muscle. Fourteen healthy men and women performed eccentric contractions of the dorsiflexor muscles in one leg, while the contralateral leg served as a control. At baseline, and 24 and 48 h after eccentric exercise, the following were acquired bilaterally in the tibialis anterior muscle: 1) transverse relaxation time (T2)-weighted magnetic resonance images to determine muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) and T2; 2) blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) images during and following brief, maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) to monitor the hyperemic responses with participants positioned supine in a 3T magnet; 3) muscle strength; and 4) pain pressure threshold. Compared with the control leg, eccentric exercise resulted in soreness, decline in strength (∼20%), increased mCSA (∼7%), and prolonged T2 (∼7%) at 24 and 48 h ( P < 0.05). The BOLD response to a brief MVC was altered 24 and 48 h after eccentric exercise, such that time-to-peak (∼35%, P < 0.05) and time-to-half-recovery (∼23%, P < 0.05) were prolonged. The altered contraction-induced hyperemic response suggests slowed microvascular reactivity and altered matching of O2 delivery to O2 utilization within muscle tissue showing signs of muscle damage. These changes in microvascular regulation after eccentric exercise may impede rapid adjustments in muscle blood flow at exercise onset and during activities involving brief bursts of muscle activation, which may impair O2 delivery and contribute to reduced muscle function after eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Larsen
- Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Rogerio P. Hirata
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Adnan Madzak
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; and
| | - Jens B. Frøkjær
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; and
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
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Osada T, Mortensen SP, Rådegran G. Mechanical compression during repeated sustained isometric muscle contractions and hyperemic recovery in healthy young males. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:36. [PMID: 26520798 PMCID: PMC4628366 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevated intramuscular pressure during a single forearm isometric muscle contraction may restrict muscle hyperemia. However, during repeated isometric exercise, it is unclear to what extent mechanical compression and muscle vasodilatation contribute to the magnitude and time course of beat-to-beat limb hemodynamics, due to alterations in leg vascular conductance (LVC). METHODS In eight healthy male subjects, the time course of both beat-to-beat leg blood flow (LBF) and LVC in the femoral artery was determined between repeated 10-s isometric thigh muscle contractions and 10-s muscle relaxation (a duty cycle of 20 s) for steady-state 120 s at five target workloads (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)). The ratio of restricted LBF due to mechanical compression across workloads was determined by the formula (relaxation LBF--contraction LBF)/relaxation LBF (%). RESULTS The exercise protocol was performed completely by all subjects (≤ 50% MVC), seven subjects (≤ 70% MVC), and two subjects (≤ 90% MVC). During a 10-s isometric muscle contraction, the time course in both beat-to-beat LBF and LVC displayed a fitting curve with an exponential increase (P < 0.001, r (2) ≥ 0.956) at each workload but no significant difference in mean LBF across workloads and pre-exercise. During a 10-s muscle relaxation, the time course in both beat-to-beat LBF and LVC increased as a function of workload, followed by a linear decline (P < 0.001, r (2) ≥ 0.889), that was workload-dependent, resulting in mean LBF increasing linearly across workloads (P < 0.01, r (2) = 0.984). The ratio of restricted LBF can be described as a single exponential decay with an increase in workload, which has inflection point distinctions between 30 and 50% MVC. CONCLUSIONS In a 20-s duty cycle of steady-state repeated isometric muscle contractions, the post-contraction hyperemia (magnitude of both LBF and LVC) during muscle relaxation was in proportion to the workload, which is in agreement with previous findings. Furthermore, time-dependent beat-to-beat muscle vasodilatation was seen, but not restricted, during isometric muscle contractions through all target workloads. Additionally, the relative contribution of mechanical obstruction and vasodilatation to the hyperemia observed in the repeated isometric exercise protocol was non-linear with regard to workload. In combination with repeated isometric exercise, the findings could potentially prove to be useful indicators of circulatory adjustment by mechanical compression for muscle-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Osada
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan. .,Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. .,The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Stefan P Mortensen
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Göran Rådegran
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.,The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, The Heart and Lung Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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McNeil CJ, Allen MD, Olympico E, Shoemaker JK, Rice CL. Blood flow and muscle oxygenation during low, moderate, and maximal sustained isometric contractions. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R475-81. [PMID: 26084698 PMCID: PMC4591373 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00387.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A reduction of blood flow to active muscle will precipitate fatigue, and sustained isometric contractions produce intramuscular and compartmental pressures that can limit flow. The present study explored how blood flow and muscle oxygenation respond to isometric contractions at low, moderate, and maximal intensities. Over two visits, 10 males (26 ± 2 yr; means ± SD) performed 1-min dorsiflexion contractions at 30, 60, and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque. Doppler ultrasound of the anterior tibial artery was used to record arterial diameter and mean blood velocity and to calculate absolute blood flow. The tissue oxygenation index (TOI) of tibialis anterior was acquired with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). There was a progressive increase in blood flow at 30% MVC (peak of 289 ± 139% resting value), no change from rest until an increase in the final 10 s of exercise at 60% MVC (peak of 197 ± 102% rest), and an initial decrease (59 ± 30% resting value) followed by a progressive increase at 100% MVC (peak of 355 ± 133% rest). Blood flow was greater at 30 and 100% than 60% MVC during the last 30 s of exercise. TOI was ∼63% at rest and, within 30 s of exercise, reached steady-state values of ∼42%, ∼22%, and ∼22% for 30, 60, and 100% MVC, respectively. Even maximal contraction of the dorsiflexors is unable to cause more than a transient decrease of flow in the anterior tibial artery. Unlike dynamic or intermittent isometric exercise, our results indicate blood flow is not linearly graded with intensity or directly coupled with oxygenation during sustained isometric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J McNeil
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matti D Allen
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Olympico
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Charles L Rice
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Multiple nonmorphologic magnetic resonance sequences are available in musculoskeletal imaging that can provide additional information to better characterize and diagnose musculoskeletal disorders and diseases. These sequences include blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD), arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). BOLD and ASL provide different methods to evaluate skeletal muscle microperfusion. The BOLD signal reflects the ratio between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. ASL uses selective tagging of inflowing blood spins in a specific region for calculating local perfusion. DWI and DTI provide information about the structural integrity of soft tissue including muscles and fibers as well as pathologies.
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Layec G, Trinity JD, Hart CR, Kim SE, Groot HJ, Le Fur Y, Sorensen JR, Jeong EK, Richardson RS. Impact of age on exercise-induced ATP supply during supramaximal plantar flexion in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R378-88. [PMID: 26041112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00522.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the physiological factors responsible for exercise intolerance and bioenergetic alterations with age are poorly understood due, at least in art, to the confounding effect of reduced physical activity in the elderly. Thus, in 40 healthy young (22 ± 2 yr) and old (74 ± 8 yr) activity-matched subjects, we assessed the impact of age on: 1) the relative contribution of the three major pathways of ATP synthesis (oxidative ATP synthesis, glycolysis, and the creatine kinase reaction) and 2) the ATP cost of contraction during high-intensity exercise. Specifically, during supramaximal plantar flexion (120% of maximal aerobic power), to stress the functional limits of the skeletal muscle energy systems, we used (31)P-labeled magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess metabolism. Although glycolytic activation was delayed in the old, ATP synthesis from the main energy pathways was not significantly different between groups. Similarly, the inferred peak rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis was not significantly different between the young (25 ± 8 mM/min) and old (24 ± 6 mM/min). In contrast, the ATP cost of contraction was significantly elevated in the old compared with the young (5.1 ± 2.0 and 3.7 ± 1.7 mM·min(-1)·W(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). Overall, these findings suggest that, when young and old subjects are activity matched, there is no evidence of age-related mitochondrial and glycolytic dysfunction. However, this study does confirm an abnormal elevation in exercise-induced skeletal muscle metabolic demand in the old that may contribute to the decline in exercise capacity with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Layec
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Corey R Hart
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - H Jonathan Groot
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Jacob R Sorensen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Englund EK, Langham MC, Ratcliffe SJ, Fanning MJ, Wehrli FW, Mohler ER, Floyd TF. Multiparametric assessment of vascular function in peripheral artery disease: dynamic measurement of skeletal muscle perfusion, blood-oxygen-level dependent signal, and venous oxygen saturation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:e002673. [PMID: 25873722 PMCID: PMC4399002 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.114.002673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction present in patients with peripheral artery disease may be better understood by measuring the temporal dynamics of blood flow and oxygen saturation during reactive hyperemia than by conventional static measurements. METHODS AND RESULTS Perfusion, Intravascular Venous Oxygen saturation, and T2* (PIVOT), a recently developed MRI technique, was used to measure the response to an ischemia-reperfusion paradigm in 96 patients with peripheral artery disease of varying severity and 10 healthy controls. Perfusion, venous oxygen saturation SvO2, and T2* were each quantified in the calf at 2-s temporal resolution, yielding a dynamic time course for each variable. Compared with healthy controls, patients had a blunted and delayed hyperemic response. Moreover, patients with lower ankle-brachial index had (1) a more delayed reactive hyperemia response time, manifesting as an increase in time to peak perfusion in the gastrocnemius, soleus, and peroneus muscles, and in the anterior compartment, (2) an increase in the time to peak T2* measured in the soleus muscle, and (3) a prolongation of the posterior tibial vein SvO2 washout time. Intrasession and intersession repeatability were also assessed. Results indicated that time to peak perfusion and time to peak T2* were the most reliable extracted time course metrics. CONCLUSIONS Perfusion, dynamic SvO2, and T2* response times after induced ischemia are highly correlated with peripheral artery disease severity. Combined imaging of peripheral microvascular blood flow and dynamics of oxygen saturation with Perfusion, intravascular SvO2, and T2* may be a useful tool to investigate the pathophysiology of peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Englund
- From the Department of Bioengineering (E.K.E.), Department of Radiology (M.C.L., F.W.W.), Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology (S.J.R.), Department of Medicine (E.R.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, NY (T.F.F.).
| | - Michael C Langham
- From the Department of Bioengineering (E.K.E.), Department of Radiology (M.C.L., F.W.W.), Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology (S.J.R.), Department of Medicine (E.R.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, NY (T.F.F.)
| | - Sarah J Ratcliffe
- From the Department of Bioengineering (E.K.E.), Department of Radiology (M.C.L., F.W.W.), Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology (S.J.R.), Department of Medicine (E.R.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, NY (T.F.F.)
| | - Molly J Fanning
- From the Department of Bioengineering (E.K.E.), Department of Radiology (M.C.L., F.W.W.), Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology (S.J.R.), Department of Medicine (E.R.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, NY (T.F.F.)
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- From the Department of Bioengineering (E.K.E.), Department of Radiology (M.C.L., F.W.W.), Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology (S.J.R.), Department of Medicine (E.R.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, NY (T.F.F.)
| | - Emile R Mohler
- From the Department of Bioengineering (E.K.E.), Department of Radiology (M.C.L., F.W.W.), Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology (S.J.R.), Department of Medicine (E.R.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, NY (T.F.F.)
| | - Thomas F Floyd
- From the Department of Bioengineering (E.K.E.), Department of Radiology (M.C.L., F.W.W.), Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology (S.J.R.), Department of Medicine (E.R.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, NY (T.F.F.)
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Vanhatalo A, Jones AM, Blackwell JR, Winyard PG, Fulford J. Dietary nitrate accelerates postexercise muscle metabolic recovery and O2 delivery in hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1460-70. [PMID: 25301896 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00096.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the time constants (τ) of postexercise T2* MRI signal intensity (an index of O2 delivery) and muscle [PCr] (an index of metabolic perturbation, measured by (31)P-MRS) in hypoxia would be accelerated after dietary nitrate (NO3 (-)) supplementation. In a double-blind crossover design, eight moderately trained subjects underwent 5 days of NO3 (-) (beetroot juice, BR; 8.2 mmol/day NO3 (-)) and placebo (PL; 0.003 mmol/day NO3 (-)) supplementation in four conditions: normoxic PL (N-PL), hypoxic PL (H-PL; 13% O2), normoxic NO3 (-) (N-BR), and hypoxic NO3 (-) (H-BR). The single-leg knee-extension protocol consisted of 10 min of steady-state exercise and 24 s of high-intensity exercise. The [PCr] recovery τ was greater in H-PL (30 ± 4 s) than H-BR (22 ± 4 s), N-PL (24 ± 4 s) and N-BR (22 ± 4 s) (P < 0.05) and the maximal rate of mitochondrial ATP resynthesis (Qmax) was lower in the H-PL (1.12 ± 0.16 mM/s) compared with H-BR (1.35 ± 0.26 mM/s), N-PL (1.47 ± 0.28 mM/s), and N-BR (1.40 ± 0.21 mM/s) (P < 0.05). The τ of postexercise T2* signal intensity was greater in H-PL (47 ± 14 s) than H-BR (32 ± 10 s), N-PL (38 ± 9 s), and N-BR (27 ± 6 s) (P < 0.05). The postexercise [PCr] and T2* recovery τ were correlated in hypoxia (r = 0.60; P < 0.05), but not in normoxia (r = 0.28; P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the NO3 (-)-NO2 (-)-NO pathway is a significant modulator of muscle energetics and O2 delivery during hypoxic exercise and subsequent recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Vanhatalo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom;
| | - Andrew M Jones
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - James R Blackwell
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jonathan Fulford
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Aschwanden M, Partovi S, Jacobi B, Fergus N, Schulte AC, Robbin MR, Bilecen D, Staub D. Assessing the end-organ in peripheral arterial occlusive disease-from contrast-enhanced ultrasound to blood-oxygen-level-dependent MR imaging. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2014; 4:165-72. [PMID: 24834413 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2014.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a result of atherosclerotic disease which is currently the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Patients with PAOD may present with intermittent claudication or symptoms related to critical limb ischemia. PAOD is associated with increased mortality rates. Stenoses and occlusions are usually detected by macrovascular imaging, including ultrasound and cross-sectional methods. From a pathophysiological view these stenoses and occlusions are affecting the microperfusion in the functional end-organs, such as the skin and skeletal muscle. In the clinical arena new imaging technologies enable the evaluation of the microvasculature. Two technologies currently under investigation for this purpose on the end-organ level in PAOD patients are contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) MR imaging (MRI). The following article is providing an overview about these evolving techniques with a specific focus on skeletal muscle microvasculature imaging in PAOD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Aschwanden
- 1 University Hospital Basel, Department of Angiology, Basel, Switzerland ; 2 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 University Hospital Mainz, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mainz, Germany ; 4 University Hospital Bruderholz, Department of Radiology, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Sasan Partovi
- 1 University Hospital Basel, Department of Angiology, Basel, Switzerland ; 2 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 University Hospital Mainz, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mainz, Germany ; 4 University Hospital Bruderholz, Department of Radiology, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Jacobi
- 1 University Hospital Basel, Department of Angiology, Basel, Switzerland ; 2 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 University Hospital Mainz, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mainz, Germany ; 4 University Hospital Bruderholz, Department of Radiology, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Fergus
- 1 University Hospital Basel, Department of Angiology, Basel, Switzerland ; 2 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 University Hospital Mainz, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mainz, Germany ; 4 University Hospital Bruderholz, Department of Radiology, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Anja-Carina Schulte
- 1 University Hospital Basel, Department of Angiology, Basel, Switzerland ; 2 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 University Hospital Mainz, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mainz, Germany ; 4 University Hospital Bruderholz, Department of Radiology, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Mark R Robbin
- 1 University Hospital Basel, Department of Angiology, Basel, Switzerland ; 2 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 University Hospital Mainz, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mainz, Germany ; 4 University Hospital Bruderholz, Department of Radiology, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Bilecen
- 1 University Hospital Basel, Department of Angiology, Basel, Switzerland ; 2 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 University Hospital Mainz, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mainz, Germany ; 4 University Hospital Bruderholz, Department of Radiology, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Staub
- 1 University Hospital Basel, Department of Angiology, Basel, Switzerland ; 2 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 University Hospital Mainz, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mainz, Germany ; 4 University Hospital Bruderholz, Department of Radiology, Bruderholz, Switzerland
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Li J, Zhou Y, Ivanov K, Zheng YP. Estimation and visualization of longitudinal muscle motion using ultrasonography: a feasibility study. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:779-788. [PMID: 24206676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonography is a convenient and widely used technique to look into the longitudinal muscle motion as it is radiation-free and real-time. The motion of localized parts of the muscle, disclosed by ultrasonography, spatially reflects contraction activities of the corresponding muscles. However, little attention was paid to the estimation of longitudinal muscle motion, especially towards estimation of dense deformation field at different depths under the skin. Yet fewer studies on the visualization of such muscle motion or further clinical applications were reported in the literature. A primal-dual algorithm was used to estimate the motion of gastrocnemius muscle (GM) in longitudinal direction in this study. To provide insights into the rules of longitudinal muscle motion, we proposed a novel framework including motion estimation, visualization and quantitative analysis to interpret synchronous activities of collaborating muscles with spatial details. The proposed methods were evaluated on ultrasound image sequences, captured at a rate of 25 frames per second from eight healthy subjects. In order to estimate and visualize the GM motion in longitudinal direction, each subject was asked to perform isometric plantar flexion twice. Preliminary results show that the proposed visualization methods provide both spatial and temporal details and they are helpful to study muscle contractions. One of the proposed quantitative measures was also tested on a patient with unilateral limb dysfunction caused by cerebral infarction. The measure revealed distinct patterns between the normal and the dysfunctional lower limb. The proposed framework and its associated quantitative measures could potentially be used to complement electromyography (EMG) and torque signals in functional assessment of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.
| | - Kamen Ivanov
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zheng
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
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40
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle fatigue is defined as the fall of force or power in response to contractile activity. Both the mechanisms of fatigue and the modes used to elicit it vary tremendously. Conceptual and technological advances allow the examination of fatigue from the level of the single molecule to the intact organism. Evaluation of muscle fatigue in a wide range of disease states builds on our understanding of basic function by revealing the sources of dysfunction in response to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Kent-Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
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Lanza IR, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Johnson ML, Schimke JM, Jakaitis DR, Lebrasseur NK, Jensen MD, Sreekumaran Nair K, Zabielski P. Influence of fish oil on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics and lipid metabolites during high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1391-403. [PMID: 23632634 PMCID: PMC4116354 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00584.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in rodent models of insulin resistance. These beneficial effects have been linked with anti-inflammatory properties, but emerging data suggest that the mechanisms may also converge on mitochondria. We evaluated the influence of dietary n-3 PUFAs on mitochondrial physiology and muscle lipid metabolites in the context of high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Mice were fed control diets (10% fat), HFD (60% fat), or HFD with fish oil (HFD+FO, 3.4% kcal from n-3 PUFAs) for 10 wk. Body mass and fat mass increased similarly in HFD and HFD+FO, but n-3 PUFAs attenuated the glucose intolerance that developed with HFD and increased expression of genes that regulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Despite similar muscle triglyceride levels in HFD and HFD+FO, long-chain acyl-CoAs and ceramides were lower in the presence of fish oil. Mitochondrial abundance and oxidative capacity were similarly increased in HFD and HFD+FO compared with controls. Hydrogen peroxide production was similarly elevated in HFD and HFD+FO in isolated mitochondria but not in permeabilized muscle fibers, likely due to increased activity and expression of catalase. These results support a hypothesis that n-3 PUFAs protect glucose tolerance, in part by preventing the accumulation of bioactive lipid mediators that interfere with insulin action. Furthermore, the respiratory function of skeletal muscle mitochondria does not appear to be a major factor in sphingolipid accumulation, glucose intolerance, or the protective effects of n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Jacobi B, Bongartz G, Partovi S, Schulte AC, Aschwanden M, Lumsden AB, Davies MG, Loebe M, Noon GP, Karimi S, Lyo JK, Staub D, Huegli RW, Bilecen D. Skeletal muscle BOLD MRI: from underlying physiological concepts to its usefulness in clinical conditions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 35:1253-65. [PMID: 22588992 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) MRI has gained particular attention in functional brain imaging studies, where it can be used to localize areas of brain activation with high temporal resolution. To a higher degree than in the brain, skeletal muscles show extensive but transient alterations of blood flow between resting and activation state. Thus, there has been interest in the application of the BOLD effect in studying the physiology of skeletal muscles (healthy and diseased) and its possible application to clinical practice. This review outlines the potential of skeletal muscle BOLD MRI as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of physiological and pathological alterations in the peripheral limb perfusion, such as in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Moreover, current knowledge is summarized regarding the complex mechanisms eliciting BOLD effect in skeletal muscle. We describe technical fundaments of the procedure that should be taken into account when performing skeletal muscle BOLD MRI, including the most often applied paradigms to provoke BOLD signal changes and key parameters of the resulting time courses. Possible confounding effects in muscle BOLD imaging studies, like age, muscle fiber type, training state, and drug effects are also reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Jacobi
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bruderholz, Bruderholz, Basel, Switzerland
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Partovi S, Karimi S, Jacobi B, Schulte AC, Aschwanden M, Zipp L, Lyo JK, Karmonik C, Müller-Eschner M, Huegli RW, Bongartz G, Bilecen D. Clinical implications of skeletal muscle blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) MRI. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 25:251-61. [PMID: 22374263 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of skeletal muscle mainly depends on changes of oxygen saturation in the microcirculation. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have evaluated the clinical relevance of skeletal muscle BOLD MR imaging in vascular diseases, such as peripheral arterial occlusive disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic compartment syndrome. BOLD imaging combines the advantages of MR imaging, i.e., high spatial resolution, no exposure to ionizing radiation, with functional information of local microvascular perfusion. Due to intrinsic contrast provoked via changes in hemoglobin oxygen saturation, it is a safe and easy applicable procedure on standard whole-body MR devices. Therefore, BOLD MR imaging of skeletal muscle is a potential new diagnostic tool in the clinical evaluation of vascular, inflammatory, and muscular pathologies. Our review focuses on the current evidence concerning the use of BOLD MR imaging of skeletal muscle under pathological conditions and highlights ways for future clinical and scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Partovi
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bruderholz, Basel, Switzerland.
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Schraml C, Schwenzer NF, Martirosian P, Claussen CD, Schick F. Temporal course of perfusion in human masseter muscle during isometric contraction assessed by arterial spin labeling at 3T. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 24:201-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-011-0254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sanchez OA, Copenhaver EA, Chance MA, Fowler MJ, Towse TF, Kent-Braun JA, Damon BM. Postmaximal contraction blood volume responses are blunted in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects in a muscle-specific manner. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H418-27. [PMID: 21572006 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00060.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in postisometric contraction blood volume and oxygenation responses among groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obese, and lean individuals detectable using MRI. Eight T2DM patients were individually matched by age, sex, and race to non-T2DM individuals with similar body mass index (obese) and lean subjects. Functional MRI was performed using a dual-gradient-recalled echo, echo-planar imaging sequence with a repetition time of 1 s and at two echo times (TE = 6 and 46 ms). Data were acquired before, during, and after 10-s isometric dorsiflexion contractions performed at 50 and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force. MRI signal intensity (SI) changes from the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles were plotted as functions of time for each TE. From each time course, the difference between the minimum and the maximum postcontraction SI (ΔSI) were determined for TE = 6 ms (ΔSI(6)) and TE = 46 ms (ΔSI(46)), reflecting variations in blood volume and oxyhemoglobin saturation, respectively. Following 50% MVC contractions, the mean postcontraction ΔSI(6) values were similar in the three groups. Following MVC only, and in the EDL muscle only, T2DM and obese participants had ∼56% lower ΔSI(6) than the lean individuals. Also following MVC only, the ΔSI(46) response in the EDL was lower in T2DM subjects than in lean individuals. These data suggest that skeletal muscle small vessel impairment occurs in T2DM and body mass index-matched subjects, in muscle-specific and contraction intensity-dependent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto A Sanchez
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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46
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Layec G, Bringard A, Le Fur Y, Vilmen C, Micallef JP, Perrey S, Cozzone PJ, Bendahan D. Comparative determination of energy production rates and mitochondrial function using different 31P MRS quantitative methods in sedentary and trained subjects. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:425-438. [PMID: 20963767 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Muscle energetics has been largely and quantitatively investigated using (31)P MRS. Various methods have been used to estimate the corresponding rate of oxidative ATP synthesis (ATP(ox)); however, potential differences among methods have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to compare the rates of ATP production and energy cost in two groups of subjects with different training status using four different methods: indirect method (method 1), ADP control model (method 2) and phosphate potential control model (method 3). Method 4 was a modified version of method 3 with the introduction of a correction factor allowing for similar values to be obtained for the end-exercise oxidative ATP synthesis rate inferred from exercise measurements and the initial recovery phosphocreatine resynthesis rate. Seven sedentary and seven endurance-trained subjects performed a dynamic standardised rest-exercise-recovery protocol. We quantified the rates of ATP(ox) and anaerobic ATP synthesis (ATP(ana)) using (31)P MRS data recorded at 1.5 T. The rates of ATP(ox) over the entire exercise session were independent of the method used, except for method 4 which provided significantly higher values in both groups (p < 0.01). In addition, methods 1-3 were cross-correlated, thereby confirming their statistical agreement. The rate of ATP(ana) was significantly higher with method 1 (p < 0.01) and lower with method 4 (p < 0.01). As a result of the higher rate of ATP(ox), EC (method 4) calculated over the entire exercise session was higher and initial EC (method 1) was lower in both groups compared with the other methods. We showed in this study that the rate of ATP(ox) was independent of the calculation method, as long as no corrections (method 4) were performed. In contrast, results related to the rates of ATP(ana) were strongly affected by the calculation method and, more exactly, by the estimation of protons generated by ATP(ox). Although the absolute EC values differed between the methods, within- or between-subject comparisons are still valid given the tight relationships between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Layec
- Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France
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Elder CP, Cook RN, Chance MA, Copenhaver EA, Damon BM. Image-based calculation of perfusion and oxyhemoglobin saturation in skeletal muscle during submaximal isometric contractions. Magn Reson Med 2011; 64:852-61. [PMID: 20806379 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relative oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and the rate of perfusion are important physiological quantities, particularly in organs such as skeletal muscle, in which oxygen delivery and use are tightly coupled. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the image-based calculation of the relative oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and quantification of perfusion in skeletal muscle during isometric contractions. This was accomplished by establishing an empirical relationship between the rate of radiofrequency-reversible dephasing and near-infrared spectroscopy-observed oxyhemoglobin saturation (relative oxygen saturation of hemoglobin) under conditions of arterial occlusion and constant blood volume. A calibration curve was generated and used to calculate the relative oxygen saturation of hemoglobin from radiofrequency-reversible dephasing changes measured during contraction. Twelve young healthy subjects underwent 300 s of arterial occlusion and performed isometric contractions of the dorsiflexors at 30% of maximal contraction for 120 s. Muscle perfusion was quantified during contraction by arterial spin labeling and measures of muscle T(1). Comparisons between the relative oxygen saturation of hemoglobin values predicted from radiofrequency-reversible dephasing and that measured by near-infrared spectroscopy revealed no differences between methods (P = 0.760). Muscle perfusion reached a value of 34.7 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1) during contraction. These measurements hold future promise in measuring muscle oxygen consumption in healthy and diseased skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Elder
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, USA
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Clausen T. In isolated skeletal muscle, excitation may increase extracellular K+10-fold; how can contractility be maintained? Exp Physiol 2011; 96:356-68. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.054999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Lanza IR, Tevald MA, Befroy DE, Kent-Braun JA. Intracellular energetics and critical PO2 in resting ischemic human skeletal muscle in vivo. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1415-22. [PMID: 20811007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00225.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During ischemia and some types of muscular contractions, oxygen tension (Po(2)) declines to the point that mitochondrial ATP synthesis becomes limited by oxygen availability. Although this critical Po(2) has been determined in animal tissue in vitro and in situ, there remains controversy concerning potential disparities between values measured in vivo and ex vivo. To address this issue, we used concurrent heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to determine the critical intracellular Po(2) in resting human skeletal muscle in vivo. We interleaved measurements of deoxymyoglobin using (1)H-MRS with measures of high-energy phosphates and pH using (31)P-MRS, during 15 min of ischemia in the tibialis anterior muscles of 6 young men. ATP production and intramyocellular Po(2) were quantified throughout ischemia. Critical Po(2), determined as the Po(2) corresponding to the point where PCr begins to decline (PCr(ip)) in resting muscle during ischemia, was 0.35 ± 0.20 Torr, means ± SD. This in vivo value is consistent with reported values ex vivo and does not support the notion that critical Po(2) in resting muscle is higher when measured in vivo. Furthermore, we observed a 4.5-fold range of critical Po(2) values among the individuals studied. Regression analyses revealed that time to PCr(ip) was associated with critical Po(2) and the rate of myoglobin desaturation (r = 0.83, P = 0.04) but not the rate of ATP consumption during ischemia. The apparent dissociation between ATP demand and myoglobin deoxygenation during ischemia suggests that some degree of uncoupling between intracellular energetics and oxygenation is a potentially important factor that influences critical Po(2) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Lanza
- Kinesiology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Sanchez OA, Louie EA, Copenhaver EA, Damon BM. Repeatability of a dual gradient-recalled echo MRI method for monitoring post-isometric contraction blood volume and oxygenation changes. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2009; 22:753-761. [PMID: 19382156 PMCID: PMC4440456 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the repeatability of a dual gradient-recalled echo (GRE) muscle functional MRI technique. On 2 days, subjects (n = 8) performed 10 s isometric dorsiflexion contractions under conditions of: (1) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), (2) 50% MVC (50% MVC), or (3) 50% MVC with concurrent proximal arterial cuff occlusion (50% MVC(cuff)). Functional MRI data were acquired using single-slice dual GRE (TR/TE = 1000/6, 46 ms)-echo planar imaging for 20 s before, during, and for 180 s after each contraction. The mean signal intensity (SI) time courses at each TE (SI(6) and SI(46), reflecting variations in blood volume and %HbO(2), respectively) from the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were characterized with the post-contraction change in SI and the time-to-peak SI (DeltaSI and TTP, respectively). DeltaSI(6) following an MVC was 36% higher than that obtained after a 50% MVC (p = 0.048). For DeltaSI(6), the highest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were observed for the TA muscle in the 50% MVC and MVC conditions, with values of 0.83 (p = 0.01) and 0.88 (p = 0.005), respectively. Bland-Altman plots revealed repeatability coefficients (RCs) for the 50% MVC and MVC conditions in the TA muscle of 1.9 and 1.4, respectively. The most repeatable measures for DeltaSI(46) were obtained for the 50% MVC and MVC conditions in the EDL muscle (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). Bland-Altman plots revealed RC's for 50% MVC and MVC conditions in the EDL muscle of 3.9 and 5.7, respectively. DeltaSI(6) and DeltaSI(46) increased as a function of the contraction intensity. The repeatability of the method depends on the muscle and contraction condition being evaluated, and in general, is higher following an MVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Sanchez
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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