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Sjúrðarson T, Kristiansen J, Nordsborg NB, Gregersen NO, Lydersen LN, Grove EL, Kristensen SD, Hvas AM, Mohr M. The angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism does not impact training-induced adaptations in exercise capacity in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18300. [PMID: 37880303 PMCID: PMC10600103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic exercise training effectively improves exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the magnitude of improvements is highly heterogeneous. We investigated whether this heterogeneity in exercise capacity gains is influenced by the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. Patients with CAD (n = 169) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of exercise training or standard care, and 142 patients completed the study. The ACE polymorphism was determined for 128 patients (82% males, 67 ± 9 years). Peak oxygen uptake was measured before and after the 12-week intervention. The ACE I/D polymorphism frequency was n = 48 for D/D homozygotes, n = 61 for I/D heterozygotes and n = 19 for I/I homozygotes. Baseline peak oxygen uptake was 23.3 ± 5.0 ml/kg/min in D/D homozygotes, 22.1 ± 5.3 ml/kg/min in I/D heterozygotes and 23.1 ± 6.0 ml/kg/min in I/I homozygotes, with no statistical differences between genotype groups (P = 0.50). The ACE I/D polymorphism frequency in the exercise group was n = 26 for D/D, n = 21 for I/D and n = 12 for I/I. After exercise training, peak oxygen uptake was increased (P < 0.001) in D/D homozygotes by 2.6 ± 1.7 ml/kg/min, in I/D heterozygotes by 2.7 ± 1.9 ml/kg/min, and in I/I homozygotes by 2.1 ± 1.3 ml/kg/min. However, the improvements were similar between genotype groups (time × genotype, P = 0.55). In conclusion, the ACE I/D polymorphism does not affect baseline exercise capacity or exercise capacity gains in response to 12 weeks of high-intensity exercise training in patients with stable CAD.Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04268992).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tórur Sjúrðarson
- Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacobina Kristiansen
- Department of Medicine, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolai B Nordsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noomi O Gregersen
- Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- FarGen, the Faroese Health Authority, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Erik L Grove
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen D Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Magni Mohr
- Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5250, Odense, Denmark.
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2
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Rossios C, Bashir T, Achison M, Adamson S, Akpan A, Aspray T, Avenell A, Band MM, Burton LA, Cvoro V, Donnan PT, Duncan GW, George J, Gordon AL, Gregson CL, Hapca A, Hume C, Jackson TA, Kerr S, Kilgour A, Masud T, McKenzie A, McKenzie E, Patel H, Pilvinyte K, Roberts HC, Sayer AA, Smith KT, Soiza RL, Steves CJ, Struthers AD, Tiwari D, Whitney J, Witham MD, Kemp PR. ACE I/D genotype associates with strength in sarcopenic men but not with response to ACE inhibitor therapy in older adults with sarcopenia: Results from the LACE trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292402. [PMID: 37862321 PMCID: PMC10588903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (AII), has been suggested to promote muscle loss. Reducing AII synthesis, by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity has been proposed as a method to inhibit muscle loss. The LACE clinical trial was designed to determine whether ACE inhibition would reduce further muscle loss in individuals with sarcopenia but suffered from low recruitment and returned a negative result. Polymorphic variation in the ACE promoter (I/D alleles) has been associated with differences in ACE activity and muscle physiology in a range of clinical conditions. This aim of this analysis was to determine whether I/D polymorphic variation is associated with muscle mass, strength, in sarcopenia or contributed to the lack of response to treatment in the LACE study. METHODS Sarcopenic individuals were recruited into a 2x2 factorial multicentre double-blind study of the effects of perindopril and/or leucine versus placebo on physical performance and muscle mass. DNA extracted from blood samples (n = 130 72 women and 58 men) was genotyped by PCR for the ACE I/D polymorphism. Genotypes were then compared with body composition measured by DXA, hand grip and quadriceps strength before and after 12 months' treatment with leucine and/or perindopril in a cross-sectional analysis of the influence of genotype on these variables. RESULTS Allele frequencies for the normal UK population were extracted from 13 previous studies (I = 0.473, D = 0.527). In the LACE cohort the D allele was over-represented (I = 0.412, D = 0.588, p = 0.046). This over-representation was present in men (I = 0.353, D = 0.647, p = 0.010) but not women (I = 0.458, D = 0.532, p = 0.708). In men but not women, individuals with the I allele had greater leg strength (II/ID = 18.00 kg (14.50, 21.60) vs DD = 13.20 kg (10.50, 15.90), p = 0.028). Over the 12 months individuals with the DD genotype increased in quadriceps strength but those with the II or ID genotype did not. Perindopril did not increase muscle strength or mass in any polymorphism group relative to placebo. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that although ACE genotype was not associated with response to ACE inhibitor therapy in the LACE trial population, sarcopenic men with the ACE DD genotype may be weaker than those with the ACE I/D or II genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Rossios
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tufail Bashir
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Achison
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Adamson
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Asangaedem Akpan
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT Trust, Clinical Research Network Northwest Coast, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Aspray
- AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Avenell
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M. Band
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A. Burton
- Medicine for the Elderly, NHS Tayside, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Ageing and Health, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Cvoro
- Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter T. Donnan
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon W. Duncan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Medicine for the Elderly, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob George
- Dept Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Adam L. Gordon
- Unit of Injury, Inflammation and Recovery, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medicine for the Elderly, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Older Person’s Unit, Royal United Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hapca
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Hume
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Jackson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kerr
- Department of Older People’s Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alixe Kilgour
- Medicine for the Elderly, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Ageing and Health Research Group, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tahir Masud
- Clinical Gerontology Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McKenzie
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Emma McKenzie
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Harnish Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHSFT, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Pilvinyte
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C. Roberts
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton, Mailpoint 807 Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karen T. Smith
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (TCTU), Tayside Medical Science Centre (TASC), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Roy L. Soiza
- Ageing & Clinical Experimental Research (ACER) Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J. Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London & Department of Clinical Gerontology, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan D. Struthers
- Dept Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Tiwari
- Bournemouth University and Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Whitney
- School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miles D. Witham
- AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Kemp
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Macedo AG, Miotto DS, Tardelli LP, Santos CF, Amaral SL. Exercise-induced angiogenesis is attenuated by captopril but maintained under perindopril treatment in hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1147525. [PMID: 37284543 PMCID: PMC10239938 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1147525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important exercise-induced response to improve blood flow and decrease vascular resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but some antihypertensive drugs attenuate this effect. This study compared the effects of captopril and perindopril on exercise-induced cardiac and skeletal muscle angiogenesis. Forty-eight Wistar rats and 48 SHR underwent 60 days of aerobic training or were kept sedentary. During the last 45 days, rats were treated with captopril, perindopril or water (Control). Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken and histological samples from the tibialis anterior (TA) and left ventricle (LV) muscles were analyzed for capillary density (CD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein level. Exercise increased vessel density in Wistar rats due to higher VEGFR-2 (+17%) and eNOS (+31%) protein level. Captopril and perindopril attenuated exercise-induced angiogenesis in Wistar rats, but the attenuation was small in the perindopril group, and this response was mediated by higher eNOS levels in the Per group compared to the Cap group. Exercise increased myocardial CD in Wistar rats in all groups and treatment did not attenuate it. Both exercise and pharmacological treatment reduced BP of SHR similarly. Rarefaction was found in TA of SHR compared to Wistar, due to lower levels of VEGF (-26%) and eNOS (-27%) and treatment did not avoid this response. Exercise prevented these reductions in control SHR. While rats treated with perindopril showed angiogenesis in the TA muscle after training, those rats treated with captopril showed attenuated angiogenesis (-18%). This response was also mediated by lower eNOS levels in Cap group compared with Per and control group. Myocardial CD was reduced in all sedentary hypertensive compared with Wistar and training restored the number of vessels compared with sedentary SHR. In conclusion, taken into account only the aspect of vessel growth, since both pharmacological treatments reduced BP in SHR, the result of the present study suggests that perindopril could be a drug of choice over captopril for hypertensive practitioners of aerobic physical exercises, especially considering that it does not attenuate angiogenesis induced by aerobic physical training in skeletal and cardiac muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson G. Macedo
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of São Carlos and São Paulo State University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Danyelle S. Miotto
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of São Carlos and São Paulo State University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lidieli P. Tardelli
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of São Carlos and São Paulo State University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos F. Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sandra L. Amaral
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of São Carlos and São Paulo State University, São Carlos, Brazil
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4
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Sjúrðarson T, Bejder J, Breenfeldt Andersen A, Bonne T, Kyhl K, Róin T, Patursson P, Oddmarsdóttir Gregersen N, Skoradal M, Schliemann M, Lindegaard M, Weihe P, Mohr M, Nordsborg NB. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15382. [PMID: 35822425 PMCID: PMC9277514 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity may be one determinant of adaptability to exercise training, but well-controlled studies in humans without confounding conditions are lacking. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether ACE inhibition affects cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training in healthy humans. Healthy participants of both genders (40 ± 7 years) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eight weeks of exercise training combined with placebo (PLA, n = 25) or ACE inhibitor (ACEi, n = 23) treatment was carried out. Before and after the intervention, cardiovascular characteristics were investigated. Mean arterial blood pressure was reduced (p < 0.001) by -5.5 [-8.4; -2.6] mmHg in ACEi , whereas the 0.7 [-2.0; 3.5] mmHg fluctuation in PLA was non-significant. Maximal oxygen uptake increased (p < 0.001) irrespective of ACE inhibitor treatment by 13 [8; 17] % in ACEi and 13 [9; 17] % in PLA. In addition, skeletal muscle endurance increased (p < 0.001) to a similar extent in both groups, with magnitudes of 82 [55; 113] % in ACEi and 74 [48; 105] % in PLA. In contrast, left atrial volume decreased (p < 0.05) by -9 [-16; -2] % in ACEi , but increased (p < 0.01) by 14 [5; 23] % in PLA. Total hemoglobin mass was reduced (p < 0.01) by -3 [-6; -1] % in ACEi , while a non-significant numeric increase of 2 [-0.4; 4] % existed in PLA. The lean mass remained constant in ACEi but increased (p < 0.001) by 3 [2; 4] % in PLA. In healthy middle-aged adults, 8 weeks of high-intensity exercise training increases maximal oxygen uptake and skeletal muscle endurance irrespective of ACE inhibitor treatment. However, ACE inhibitor treatment counteracts exercise training-induced increases in lean mass and left atrial volume. ACE inhibitor treatment compromises total hemoglobin mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tórur Sjúrðarson
- Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of the Faroe IslandsTórshavnFaroe Islands
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jacob Bejder
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Thomas Bonne
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kasper Kyhl
- Department of Cardiology at Copenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tóra Róin
- Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of the Faroe IslandsTórshavnFaroe Islands
| | - Poula Patursson
- Department of Surgery, The Faroese Hospital SystemTórshavnFaroe Islands
| | | | - May‐Britt Skoradal
- Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of the Faroe IslandsTórshavnFaroe Islands
| | - Michael Schliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Malte Lindegaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of the Faroe IslandsTórshavnFaroe Islands
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public HealthThe Faroese Hospital SystemTórshavnFaroe Islands
| | - Magni Mohr
- Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of the Faroe IslandsTórshavnFaroe Islands
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC)Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Nikolai B. Nordsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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5
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Karam S, Margaria JP, Bourcier A, Mika D, Varin A, Bedioune I, Lindner M, Bouadjel K, Dessillons M, Gaudin F, Lefebvre F, Mateo P, Lechène P, Gomez S, Domergue V, Robert P, Coquard C, Algalarrondo V, Samuel JL, Michel JB, Charpentier F, Ghigo A, Hirsch E, Fischmeister R, Leroy J, Vandecasteele G. Cardiac Overexpression of PDE4B Blunts β-Adrenergic Response and Maladaptive Remodeling in Heart Failure. Circulation 2020; 142:161-174. [PMID: 32264695 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.042573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate; cAMP)-hydrolyzing protein PDE4B (phosphodiesterase 4B) is a key negative regulator of cardiac β-adrenergic receptor stimulation. PDE4B deficiency leads to abnormal Ca2+ handling and PDE4B is decreased in pressure overload hypertrophy, suggesting that increasing PDE4B in the heart is beneficial in heart failure. METHODS We measured PDE4B expression in human cardiac tissues and developed 2 transgenic mouse lines with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of PDE4B and an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 encoding PDE4B. Myocardial structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography, ECG, and in Langendorff-perfused hearts. Also, cAMP and PKA (cAMP dependent protein kinase) activity were monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer, L-type Ca2+ current by whole-cell patch-clamp, and cardiomyocyte shortening and Ca2+ transients with an Ionoptix system. Heart failure was induced by 2 weeks infusion of isoproterenol or transverse aortic constriction. Cardiac remodeling was evaluated by serial echocardiography, morphometric analysis, and histology. RESULTS PDE4B protein was decreased in human failing hearts. The first PDE4B-transgenic mouse line (TG15) had a ≈15-fold increase in cardiac cAMP-PDE activity and a ≈30% decrease in cAMP content and fractional shortening associated with a mild cardiac hypertrophy that resorbed with age. Basal ex vivo myocardial function was unchanged, but β-adrenergic receptor stimulation of cardiac inotropy, cAMP, PKA, L-type Ca2+ current, Ca2+ transients, and cell contraction were blunted. Endurance capacity and life expectancy were normal. Moreover, these mice were protected from systolic dysfunction, hypertrophy, lung congestion, and fibrosis induced by chronic isoproterenol treatment. In the second PDE4B-transgenic mouse line (TG50), markedly higher PDE4B overexpression, resulting in a ≈50-fold increase in cardiac cAMP-PDE activity caused a ≈50% decrease in fractional shortening, hypertrophy, dilatation, and premature death. In contrast, mice injected with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 encoding PDE4B (1012 viral particles/mouse) had a ≈50% increase in cardiac cAMP-PDE activity, which did not modify basal cardiac function but efficiently prevented systolic dysfunction, apoptosis, and fibrosis, while attenuating hypertrophy induced by chronic isoproterenol infusion. Similarly, adeno-associated virus serotype 9 encoding PDE4B slowed contractile deterioration, attenuated hypertrophy and lung congestion, and prevented apoptosis and fibrotic remodeling in transverse aortic constriction. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a moderate increase in PDE4B is cardioprotective and suggest that cardiac gene therapy with PDE4B might constitute a new promising approach to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Karam
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | | | - Aurélia Bourcier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Delphine Mika
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Audrey Varin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Ibrahim Bedioune
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Marta Lindner
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Kaouter Bouadjel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Matthieu Dessillons
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Françoise Gaudin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMS-IPSIT, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (F.G., V.D., P.R.)
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Philippe Mateo
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Patrick Lechène
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Susana Gomez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Valérie Domergue
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMS-IPSIT, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (F.G., V.D., P.R.)
| | - Pauline Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMS-IPSIT, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (F.G., V.D., P.R.)
| | - Charlène Coquard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Jane-Lise Samuel
- UMR-S 942, Inserm, Paris University, 75010 Paris, France (J.-L.S.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.).,UMR-S 1148, INSERM, Paris University, X. Bichat hospital, 75018 Paris, France (J.-B.M.)
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- Institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, 44007 Nantes cedex 1, France (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.)
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.)
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (S.K., A.R., D.M., A.V., I.B., M.L., K.B., M.D., F.L., P.M., P.L., S.G., C.C., V.A., R.F., J.L., G.V.)
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6
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Buford TW, Miller ME, Church TS, Gill TM, Henderson R, Hsu FC, McDermott MM, Nadkarni N, Pahor M, Stafford RS, Carter CS. Antihypertensive Use and the Effect of a Physical Activity Intervention in the Prevention of Major Mobility Disability Among Older Adults: The LIFE Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:974-81. [PMID: 26865496 PMCID: PMC4906322 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This subgroup analysis of the Lifestyle Intervention and Independence for Elders trial evaluates the impact of a long-term physical activity (PA) intervention on rates of major mobility disability (MMD) among older adults according to their antihypertensive medication use. METHODS Lifestyle Intervention and Independence for Elders study participants were randomized to center-based PA or health education for a median of 2.7 years. Participants were sedentary men and women aged 70-89 years with objectively measured physical limitations. This analysis evaluated rates of MMD and persistent MMD among 1,633 participants, according to antihypertensive medication use. Participants were designated as either (i) an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor user (ACEi+), (ii) a user of other antihypertensives not including ACEi (ACEi-), or (iii) nonusers of antihypertensive medications (AHT-). Interactions were explored between antihypertensive use and randomized arm. RESULTS Interaction terms for MMD (p = .214) and persistent MMD (p = .180) did not reach statistical significance. For MMD, PA displayed marginal effects among ACEi+ (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57, 1.02) and ACEi- (HR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.97) but not AHT- (HR = 1.19; 95% CI = 0.75, 1.87). For persistent MMD, the effect of PA was greatest among ACEi+ (HR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39, 0.84) when compared to ACEi- (HR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.55, 1.06) or AHT- (HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.59, 2.36). CONCLUSIONS The effects of long-term PA on the incidence of MMD and persistent MMD were similar among three subgroups of older adults stratified by their antihypertensive medication use. However, though statistical interactions did not reach significance, several findings may warrant future study in other cohorts given the post hoc nature of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville.
| | - Michael E Miller
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Timothy S Church
- Preventive Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Thomas M Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Henderson
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mary M McDermott
- Department of Medicine and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neelesh Nadkarni
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Randall S Stafford
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
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7
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Buford TW, Anton SD, Bavry AA, Carter CS, Daniels MJ, Pahor M. Multi-modal intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk among hypertensive older adults: Design of a randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 43:237-42. [PMID: 26115878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Persons aged over 65 years account for over 75% of healthcare expenditures and deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accordingly, reducing CVD risk among older adults is an important public health priority. Functional status, determined by measures of physical performance, is an important predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in older adults and declines more rapidly in seniors with hypertension. To date, physical exercise is the primary strategy for attenuating declines in functional status. Yet despite the general benefits of training, exercise alone appears to be insufficient for preventing this decline. Thus, alternative or adjuvant strategies are needed to preserve functional status among seniors with hypertension. Prior data suggest that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) may be efficacious in enhancing exercise-derived improvements in functional status yet this hypothesis has not been tested in a randomized controlled trial. The objective of this randomized, double-masked pilot trial is to gather preliminary efficacy and safety data necessary for conducting a full-scale trial to test this hypothesis. Sedentary men and women ≥ 65 years of age with functional limitations and hypertension are being recruited into this 24 week intervention study. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) ACEi plus exercise training, (2) thiazide diuretic plus exercise training, or (3) AT1 receptor antagonist plus exercise training. The primary outcome is change in walking speed and secondary outcomes consist of other indices of CV risk including exercise capacity, body composition, as well as circulating indices of metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anthony A Bavry
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael J Daniels
- Department of Statistics & Data Sciences and Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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8
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Cabello-Verrugio C, Morales MG, Rivera JC, Cabrera D, Simon F. Renin-angiotensin system: an old player with novel functions in skeletal muscle. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:437-63. [PMID: 25764065 DOI: 10.1002/med.21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue that shows the most plasticity in the body; it can change in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Among the diseases that affect skeletal muscle are myopathy-associated fibrosis, insulin resistance, and muscle atrophy. A common factor in these pathologies is the participation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This system can be functionally separated into the classical and nonclassical RAS axis. The main components of the classical RAS pathway are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang-II), and Ang-II receptors (AT receptors), whereas the nonclassical axis is composed of ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 [Ang (1-7)], and the Mas receptor. Hyperactivity of the classical axis in skeletal muscle has been associated with insulin resistance, atrophy, and fibrosis. In contrast, current evidence supports the action of the nonclassical RAS as a counter-regulator axis of the classical RAS pathway in skeletal muscle. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in the pathological effects of the classical RAS, advances in the use of pharmacological molecules to inhibit this axis, and the beneficial effects of stimulation of the nonclassical RAS pathway on insulin resistance, atrophy, and fibrosis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiopatología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Stone S, Bibens M, Jones A, Curtis K. Running longer, running stronger: a brief review of endurance exercise and oestrogen. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/cep140007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Athletic performance in endurance exercise is determined by an interplay among many physiological factors. Body fluid regulation, influenced by both hormonal and osmotic stimuli, is particularly important for maximising performance in endurance sports, as dehydration markedly decreases endurance. Oestrogen has a broad range of effects on the regulation of body fluid balance, as well as on aerobic capacity, metabolism, and other factors that impact endurance exercise performance, yet the role of oestrogen in endurance exercise performance has not been thoroughly examined. This review discusses the effects of oestrogen on compensatory hormonal and behavioural responses to dehydration, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation and thirst, that restore body fluid balance and thereby affect exercise performance. Oestrogen-mediated effects and their potential consequences for endurance performance are also evaluated in the context of thermoregulation and aerobic capacity, as well as substrate utilisation during exercise. In addressing the role of oestrogen in endurance exercise, this review will examine human and animal models of endurance exercise and discuss similarities, differences, and limitations. Our aim is to integrate research from neuroscience, physiology, and exercise science to advance understanding of how oestrogen may impact exercise. Such understanding will have particularly important implications for female endurance athletes experiencing the hormonal fluctuations that occur during the reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Stone
- Mary Baldwin College, 318 Prospect St., Staunton, VA 24401, USA
| | - M.E. Bibens
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - A.B. Jones
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - K.S. Curtis
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
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10
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Sumukadas D, Band M, Miller S, Cvoro V, Witham M, Struthers A, McConnachie A, Lloyd SM, McMurdo M. Do ACE inhibitors improve the response to exercise training in functionally impaired older adults? A randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:736-43. [PMID: 24201696 PMCID: PMC4022094 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Loss of muscle mass and strength with ageing is a major cause for falls, disability, and morbidity in older people. Previous studies have found that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) may improve physical function in older people. It is unclear whether ACEi provide additional benefit when added to a standard exercise training program. We examined the effects of ACEi therapy on physical function in older people undergoing exercise training. Methods. Community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years with functional impairment were recruited through general (family) practices. All participants received progressive exercise training. Participants were randomized to receive either 4 mg perindopril or matching placebo daily for 20 weeks. The primary outcome was between-group change in 6-minute walk distance from baseline to 20 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in Short Physical Performance Battery, handgrip and quadriceps strength, self-reported quality of life using the EQ-5D, and functional impairment measured using the Functional Limitations Profile. Results. A total of 170 participants (n = 86 perindopril, n = 84 placebo) were randomized. Mean age was 75.7 (standard deviation [SD] 6.8) years. Baseline 6-minute walk distance was 306 m (SD 99). Both groups increased their walk distance (by 29.6 m perindopril, 36.4 m placebo group) at 20 weeks, but there was no statistically significant treatment effect between groups (−8.6m [95% confidence interval: −30.1, 12.9], p = .43). No statistically significant treatment effects were observed between groups for the secondary outcomes. Adverse events leading to withdrawal were few (n = 0 perindopril, n = 4 placebo). Interpretation. ACE inhibitors did not enhance the effect of exercise training on physical function in functionally impaired older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Sumukadas
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK.
| | - Margaret Band
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | | | - Vera Cvoro
- Department of Care of the Elderly, National Health Service Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - Miles Witham
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Allan Struthers
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | | | - Suzanne M Lloyd
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marion McMurdo
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
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11
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Caffin F, Prola A, Piquereau J, Novotova M, David DJ, Garnier A, Fortin D, Alavi MV, Veksler V, Ventura-Clapier R, Joubert F. Altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis but improved endurance capacity in trained OPA1-deficient mice. J Physiol 2013; 591:6017-37. [PMID: 24042504 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.263079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of OPA1, a GTPase dynamin protein mainly involved in the fusion of inner mitochondrial membranes, has been studied in many cell types, but only a few studies have been conducted on adult differentiated tissues such as cardiac or skeletal muscle cells. Yet OPA1 is highly expressed in these cells, and could play different roles, especially in response to an environmental stress like exercise. Endurance exercise increases energy demand in skeletal muscle and repeated activity induces mitochondrial biogenesis and activation of fusion-fission cycles for the synthesis of new mitochondria. But currently no study has clearly shown a link between mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. Using a mouse model of haploinsufficiency for the Opa1 gene (Opa1(+/-)), we therefore studied the impact of OPA1 deficiency on the adaptation ability of fast skeletal muscles to endurance exercise training. Our results show that, surprisingly, Opa1(+/-) mice were able to perform the same physical activity as control mice. However, the adaptation strategies of both strains after training differed: while in control mice mitochondrial biogenesis was increased as expected, in Opa1(+/-) mice this process was blunted. Instead, training in Opa1(+/-) mice led to an increase in endurance capacity, and a specific adaptive response involving a metabolic remodelling towards enhanced fatty acid utilization. In conclusion, OPA1 appears necessary for the normal adaptive response and mitochondrial biogenesis of skeletal muscle to training. This work opens new perspectives on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in skeletal muscle cells and during adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caffin
- F. Joubert: U-769 INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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12
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Endlich PW, Claudio ERG, da Silva Gonçalves WL, Gouvêa SA, Moysés MR, de Abreu GR. Swimming training prevents fat deposition and decreases angiotensin II-induced coronary vasoconstriction in ovariectomized rats. Peptides 2013; 47:29-35. [PMID: 23792185 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chronic swimming training (ST) on the deposition of abdominal fat and vasoconstriction in response to angiotensin II (ANG II) in the coronary arterial bed of estrogen deficient rats. Twenty-eight 3-month old Wistar female rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary sham (SS), sedentary-ovariectomized (SO), swimming-trained sham (STS) and swimming-trained ovariectomized (STO). ST protocol consisted of a continuous 60-min session, with a 5% BW load attached to the tail, completed 5 days/week for 8-weeks. The retroperitoneal, parametrial, perirenal and inguinal fat pads were measured. The intrinsic heart rate (IHR), coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and a concentration-response curve to ANG II in the coronary bed was constructed using the Langendorff preparation. Ovariectomy (OVX) significantly reduced 17-β-estradiol plasma levels in SO and STO groups (p<0.05). The STO group had a significantly reduced retroperitoneal and parametrial fat pad compared with the SO group (p<0.05). IHR values were similar in all groups; however, baseline CPP was significantly reduced in the SO, STS and STO groups compared with the SS group (p<0.05). ANG II caused vasoconstriction in the coronary bed in a concentration-dependent manner. The SO group had an increased response to ANG II when compared with all other experimental groups (p<0.05), which was prevented by 8-weeks of ST in the STO group (p<0.05). OVX increased ANG II-induced vasoconstriction in the coronary vascular bed and abdominal fat pad deposition. Eight weeks of swimming training improved these vasoconstrictor effects and decreased abdominal fat deposition in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wander Endlich
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of the Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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13
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Marzetti E, Calvani R, DuPree J, Lees HA, Giovannini S, Seo DO, Buford TW, Sweet K, Morgan D, Strehler KYE, Diz D, Borst SE, Moningka N, Krotova K, Carter CS. Late-life enalapril administration induces nitric oxide-dependent and independent metabolic adaptations in the rat skeletal muscle. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1061-75. [PMID: 22639176 PMCID: PMC3705103 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril to aged rats attenuated muscle strength decline and mitigated apoptosis in the gastrocnemius muscle. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible mechanisms underlying the muscle-protective effects of enalapril. We also sought to discern the effects of enalapril mediated by nitric oxide (NO) from those independent of this signaling molecule. Eighty-seven male Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats were randomly assigned to receive enalapril (n = 23), the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; n = 22), enalapril + L-NAME (n = 19), or placebo (n = 23) from 24 to 27 months of age. Experiments were performed on the tibialis anterior muscle. Total NOS activity and the expression of neuronal, endothelial, and inducible NOS isoforms (nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS) were determined to investigate the effects of enalapril on NO signaling. Transcript levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were assessed to explore actions of enalapril on inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. Protein expression of energy-sensing and insulin signaling mediators, including protein kinase B (Akt-1), phosphorylated Akt-1 (pAkt-1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase subunit alpha (AMPKα), phosphorylated AMPKα (pAMPKα), and the glucose transporter GLUT-4, was also determined. Finally, the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was quantified in subsarcolemmal (SSM) and intermyofibrillar (IFM) mitochondria. Enalapril increased total NOS activity, which was prevented by L-NAME co-administration. eNOS protein content was enhanced by enalapril, but not by enalapril + L-NAME. Gene expression of iNOS was down-regulated by enalapril either alone or in combination with L-NAME. In contrast, protein levels of nNOS were unaltered by treatments. The mRNA abundance of TNF-α was reduced by enalapril relative to placebo, with no differences among any other group. PCG-1α gene expression was unaffected by enalapril and lowered by enalapril + L-NAME. No differences in protein expression of Akt-1, pAkt-1, AMPKα, pAMPKα, or GLUT-4 were detected among groups. However, mTOR protein levels were increased by enalapril compared with placebo. Finally, all treatment groups displayed reduced SSM, but not IFM H2O2 production relative to placebo. Our data indicate that enalapril induces a number of metabolic adaptations in aged skeletal muscle. These effects result from the concerted modulation of NO and angiotensin II signaling, rather than from a dichotomous action of enalapril on the two pathways. Muscle protection by enalapril administered late in life appears to be primarily mediated by mitigation of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- />Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143 USA
- />Department of Geriatrics, Neurology and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168 Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- />Department of Geriatrics, Neurology and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168 Italy
- />Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Jameson DuPree
- />Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143 USA
| | - Hazel A. Lees
- />Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143 USA
| | - Silvia Giovannini
- />Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143 USA
- />Department of Geriatrics, Neurology and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168 Italy
| | - Dong-oh Seo
- />Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143 USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- />Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143 USA
| | - Kindal Sweet
- />Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143 USA
| | - Drake Morgan
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Kevin Y. E. Strehler
- />Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Debra Diz
- />Department of General Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Stephen E. Borst
- />Department of Applied Kinesiology and VA Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Natasha Moningka
- />Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida’s Hypertension Center, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Karina Krotova
- />Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Christy S. Carter
- />Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, PO Box 100143, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143 USA
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14
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Physiological adaptations during endurance training below anaerobic threshold in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:1859-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The early 21st century has witnessed a steady push by scientists, industry leaders, and government officials to make medicine more personalized. To date, the concept of personalized medicine has referred largely to the field of pharmacogenomics. In contrast, relatively few data exist regarding the application of preventive strategies such as physical exercise in the context of personalized medicine. Within this review, we highlight the extant literature and propose five strategies for scientists that may propel the exercise and sports science fields toward this global goal. Notably, these approaches are in addition to methods to maintain adherence to training - a well-known factor in determining exercise responsiveness. Briefly, these strategies include (1) evaluating participant responses to training at the individual as well as group level; (2) identifying sources of variability in responsiveness to training; (3) optimizing exercise dosing strategies to maximize benefits while minimizing barriers to participation; (4) evaluating the efficacy of multimodal interventions for relevant population subgroups; and (5) increasing the clinical relevance of study populations and outcomes in exercise trials. We look forward to seeing these strategies considered in trials of preventive health interventions such as exercise. Extensive future research in this area is needed for the vision of exercise as a personalized form of medicine to become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 112610, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Buford TW, Manini TM, Hsu FC, Cesari M, Anton SD, Nayfield S, Stafford RS, Church TS, Pahor M, Carter CS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use by older adults is associated with greater functional responses to exercise. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:1244-52. [PMID: 22726232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and improvements in the physical function of older adults in response to chronic exercise training. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) study, a multisite randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effects of chronic exercise on the physical function of older adults at risk for mobility disability. SETTING Four academic research centers within the United States. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred twenty-four individuals aged 70 to 89 with mild to moderate functional impairments categorized for this analysis as ACEi users, users of other antihypertensive drugs, or antihypertensive nonusers. INTERVENTION A 12-month intervention of structured physical activity (PA) or health education promoting successful aging (SA). MEASUREMENTS Change in walking speed during a 400-m test and performance on a battery of short-duration mobility tasks (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)). RESULTS Physical activity significantly improved the adjusted walking speed of ACEi users (P < .001) but did not of nonusers. PA improved the adjusted SPPB score of ACEi users (P < .001) and of persons who used other antihypertensive drugs (P = .005) but not of antihypertensive nonusers (P = .91).The percentage of ACEi users deriving clinically significant benefit from exercise training for walking speed (30%) and SPPB score (48%) was dramatically higher than for nonusers (14% and 12%, respectively). CONCLUSION For older adults at risk for disability, exercise-derived improvements in physical function were greater for ACEi users than users of other antihypertensive drugs and antihypertensive nonusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32607, USA.
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Toth MJ, Miller MS, Ward KA, Ades PA. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial density, gene expression, and enzyme activities in human heart failure: minimal effects of the disease and resistance training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1864-74. [PMID: 22461439 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01591.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired skeletal muscle energetics could adversely affect physical and metabolic function in patients with heart failure (HF). The effect of HF on aspects of mitochondrial structure and function, independent of muscle disuse and other disease-related confounding factors, however, is unclear. Moreover, no study has evaluated whether resistance exercise training, a modality that increases functional capacity, might derive its benefits through modulation of mitochondrial structure and function. Thirteen HF patients and 14 age- and physical activity-matched controls were evaluated for skeletal muscle mitochondrial size/content, gene expression, and enzyme activity before and after an 18-wk resistance exercise-training program. At baseline, HF patients and controls had similar mitochondrial fractional areas, although HF patients had larger average mitochondrion size (P < 0.05) and a trend toward a reduced number of mitochondria (P ≤ 0.10). No differences in the expression of transcriptional regulators or cytochrome oxidase subunits or the activity of mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes were noted. Relationships among transcriptional regulators suggested that networks controlling mitochondrial content and gene expression are intact. Resistance training increased (P < 0.01) mitochondrial transcription factor A expression in patients and controls, and this increase was related to improvements in muscle strength (P = 0.05). Training did not, however, alter mitochondrial size/content, enzyme activities, or expression of other transcriptional regulators. In conclusion, our results suggest that the HF syndrome has minimal effects on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biology when the confounding effects of muscle disuse and other disease-related factors are removed. Moreover, the beneficial effects of resistance training on physical function in HF patients and controls are likely not related to alterations in mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Rolland Y, Onder G, Morley JE, Gillette-Guyonet S, Abellan van Kan G, Vellas B. Current and future pharmacologic treatment of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med 2011; 27:423-47. [PMID: 21824556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a complex multifactorial condition that can by treated with multimodal approaches. No pharmacologic agent to prevent or treat sarcopenia has been as efficacious as exercise (mainly resistance training) in combination with nutritional intervention (adequate protein and energy intake). However, performing resistance training sessions and following nutritional advice can be challenging, especially for frail, sarcopenic, elderly patients, and results remain only partial. Therefore, new pharmacologic agents may substantially reduce the functional decline in older people. This article reviews the new pharmacologic agents currently being assessed for treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Rolland
- Inserm U1027, University of Toulouse III, Avenue Jules Guesdes, France.
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