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Hu H, Li Q, Wang J, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Hu C, Yin X, Wu Y, Sang R, Jiang H, Sun Y, Wang S. Mitochondria-targeted sonodynamic modulation of neuroinflammation to protect against myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00445-8. [PMID: 39122136 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Sympathetic hyperactivation and inflammatory responses are the main causes of myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury and myocardial I/R-related ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Previous studies have demonstrated that light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could modulate post-I/R neuroinflammation, thus providing protection against myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, further applications of LEDs are constrained due to the low penetration depth (<1 cm) and potential phototoxicity. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), an emerging noninvasive neuromodulation strategy with deeper penetration depth (∼10 cm), has been confirmed to modulate sympathetic nerve activity and inflammatory responses. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which combines LIFU with sonosensitizers, confers additional advantages, including superior therapeutic efficacy, precise localization of neuronal modulation and negligible side effects. Herein, LIFU and SDT were introduced to modulate post-myocardial I/R neuroinflammation to protect against myocardial I/R injury. The results indicated that LIFU and SDT inhibited sympathetic neural activity, suppressed the activation of astrocytes and microglia, and promoted microglial polarization towards the M2 phenotype, thereby attenuating myocardial I/R injury and preventing I/R-related malignant VAs. These insights suggest that LIFU and SDT inspire a noninvasive and efficient neuroinflammatory modulation strategy with great clinical translation potential thus benefiting more patients with myocardial I/R in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) may cause I/R injury and I/R-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Sympathetic hyperactivation and inflammatory response play an adverse effect in myocardial I/R injury. Previous studies have shown that light emitting diode (LED) can regulate I/R-induced neuroinflammation, thus playing a myocardial protective role. However, due to the low penetration depth and potential phototoxicity of LED, it is difficult to achieve clinical translation. Herein, we introduced sonodynamic modulation of neuroinflammation to protect against myocardial I/R injury, based on mitochondria-targeted nanosonosensitizers (CCNU980 NPs). We demonstrated that sonodynamic modulation could promote microglial autophagy, thereby preventing myocardial I/R injury and I/R-induced ventricular arrhythmias. This is the first example of sonodynamic modulation of myocardial I/R-induced neuroinflammation, providing a novel strategy for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqi Sang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Songyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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Yamaguchi J, Andrade MA, Truong TT, Toney GM. Glutamate Spillover Dynamically Strengthens Gabaergic Synaptic Inhibition of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1851222023. [PMID: 38154957 PMCID: PMC10869154 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1851-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is strongly inhibited by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the surrounding peri-nuclear zone (PNZ). Because glutamate mediates fast excitatory transmission and is substrate for GABA synthesis, we tested its capacity to dynamically strengthen GABA inhibition. In PVN slices from male mice, bath glutamate applied during ionotropic glutamate receptor blockade increased PNZ-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) without affecting GABA-A receptor agonist currents or single-channel conductance, implicating a presynaptic mechanism(s). Consistent with this interpretation, bath glutamate failed to strengthen IPSCs during pharmacological saturation of GABA-A receptors. Presynaptic analyses revealed that glutamate did not affect paired-pulse ratio, peak eIPSC variability, GABA vesicle recycling speed, or readily releasable pool (RRP) size. Notably, glutamate-GABA strengthening (GGS) was unaffected by metabotropic glutamate receptor blockade and graded external Ca2+ when normalized to baseline amplitude. GGS was prevented by pan- but not glial-specific inhibition of glutamate uptake and by inhibition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), indicating reliance on glutamate uptake by neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) and enzymatic conversion of glutamate to GABA. EAAT3 immunoreactivity was strongly localized to presumptive PVN GABA terminals. High bath K+ also induced GGS, which was prevented by glutamate vesicle depletion, indicating that synaptic glutamate release strengthens PVN GABA inhibition. GGS suppressed PVN cell firing, indicating its functional significance. In sum, PVN GGS buffers neuronal excitation by apparent "over-filling" of vesicles with GABA synthesized from synaptically released glutamate. We posit that GGS protects against sustained PVN excitation and excitotoxicity while potentially aiding stress adaptation and habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Yamaguchi
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio 78229-3900, Texas
| | - Mary Ann Andrade
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio 78229-3900, Texas
| | - Tamara T Truong
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio 78229-3900, Texas
| | - Glenn M Toney
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio 78229-3900, Texas
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio 78229-3900, Texas
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Pittman QJ. Vasopressin and central control of the cardiovascular system: A 40-year retrospective. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13011. [PMID: 34235812 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the 40 years since vasopressin (AVP) was reported to have a central action with respect to raising blood pressure, the finding has been repeatedly replicated using a variety of complimentary approaches. The role of AVP as a central neurotransmitter involved in control of the cardiovascular system is now textbook material. However, it is evident that brain AVP plays, at best, a minor role in regulation of normal blood pressure. However, it appears to be an important player in a several cardiovascular-associated pathologies, ranging from hypertension to neural changes associated with heart failure. There are many interventions that have been shown to affect neural function, many of which are associated with alterations in behaviour. Possible alterations in neuronal AVP actions relevant to cardiovascular control in the setting of chronic inflammatory disease, early-life stress and inflammation are suggested areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin J Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zhu K, Zhu Y, Hou X, Chen W, Qu X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang C, Chen J, Lv L, Wang J, Zhang D, Hou L. NETs Lead to Sympathetic Hyperactivity After Traumatic Brain Injury Through the LL37-Hippo/MST1 Pathway. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621477. [PMID: 33994918 PMCID: PMC8116628 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is one of the important reasons for the high mortality and morbidity of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aim to explore the role of the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of sympathetic hyperexcitability after TBI and the underlying mechanisms, providing evidence for clinical treatment. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine levels which represented the variation of the sympathetic system after TBI with rat diffuse axonal injury (DAI) model. NETs in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and circulating blood were examined using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Neutrophils-microglia co-culture system was established to further explore the effect of NETs on PSH and its mechanisms. Results: After TBI, metanephrine and normetanephrine levels began to increase at 9 h and peaked at 72 h. After the injury, the level of NETs kept increasing at 24 and 72 h in the PVN. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of the PVN NETs and blood catecholamine. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood cells revealed that NETs level in the injury group was higher than that in the control group. Immunofluorescence results confirmed the presence of NETs in the PVN after TBI. The positive result of immunoprecipitation suggested a correlation effect between LL37 and P2 × 7. Peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) inhibitor could inhibit the expression levels of MST1, YAP, and IL-1β. The hippo/MST1 pathway inhibitor could inhibit the expression levels of YAP and IL-1β. Conclusion: NETs formation in the PVN might be associated with sympathetic hyperactivity after TBI, which might relate to the activation of microglia cells and increased secretion of IL-1β via the hippo/MST1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibai Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yelei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jigang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liquan Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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High Salt Intake Recruits Tonic Activation of NR2D Subunit-Containing Extrasynaptic NMDARs in Vasopressin Neurons. J Neurosci 2020; 41:1145-1156. [PMID: 33303677 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1742-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to producing a classical excitatory postsynaptic current via activation of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs), glutamate in the brain also induces a tonic NMDAR current (I NMDA) via activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs). However, since Mg2+ blocks NMDARs in nondepolarized neurons, the potential contribution of eNMDARs to the overall neuronal excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that chronic (7 d) salt loading (SL) recruited NR2D subunit-containing NMDARs to generate an Mg2+-resistant tonic I NMDA in nondepolarized [V h (holding potential) -70 mV] vasopressin (VP; but not oxytocin) supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons in male rodents. Conversely, in euhydrated (EU) and 3 d SL mice, Mg2+-resistant tonic I NMDA was not observed. Pharmacological and genetic intervention of NR2D subunits blocked the Mg2+-resistant tonic I NMDA in VP neurons under SL conditions, while an NR2B antagonist unveiled Mg2+-sensitive tonic I NMDA but not Mg2+-resistant tonic I NMDA In the EU group VP neurons, an Mg2+-resistant tonic I NMDA was not generated by increased ambient glutamate or treatment with coagonists (e.g., d-serine and glycine). Chronic SL significantly increased NR2D expression but not NR2B expression in the SON relative to the EU group or after 3 d under SL conditions. Finally, Mg2+-resistant tonic I NMDA selectively upregulated neuronal excitability in VP neurons under SL conditions, independent of ionotropic GABAergic input. Our results indicate that the activation of NR2D-containing NMDARs constitutes a novel mechanism that generates an Mg2+-resistant tonic I NMDA in nondepolarized VP neurons, thus causing an E/I balance shift in VP neurons to compensate for the hormonal demands imposed by a chronic osmotic challenge.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) consists of two different types of magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) that synthesize and release the following two peptide hormones: vasopressin (VP), which is necessary for regulation of fluid homeostasis; and oxytocin (OT), which plays a major role in lactation and parturition. NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play important roles in shaping neuronal firing patterns and hormone release from the SON MNCs in response to various physiological challenges. Our results show that prolonged (7 d) salt loading generated a Mg2+-resistant tonic NMDA current mediated by NR2D subunit-containing receptors, which efficiently activated nondepolarized VP (but not OT) neurons. Our findings support the hypothesis that NR2D subunit-containing NMDARs play an important adaptive role in adult brain in response to a sustained osmotic challenge.
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Tedoldi A, Argent L, Montgomery JM. The role of the tripartite synapse in the heart: how glial cells may contribute to the physiology and pathophysiology of the intracardiac nervous system. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C1-C14. [PMID: 33085497 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00363.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the major roles of the intracardiac nervous system (ICNS) is to act as the final site of signal integration for efferent information destined for the myocardium to enable local control of heart rate and rhythm. Multiple subtypes of neurons exist in the ICNS where they are organized into clusters termed ganglionated plexi (GP). The majority of cells in the ICNS are actually glial cells; however, despite this, ICNS glial cells have received little attention to date. In the central nervous system, where glial cell function has been widely studied, glia are no longer viewed simply as supportive cells but rather have been shown to play an active role in modulating neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Pioneering studies have demonstrated that in addition to glia within the brain stem, glial cells within multiple autonomic ganglia in the peripheral nervous system, including the ICNS, can also act to modulate cardiovascular function. Clinically, patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing catheter ablation show high plasma levels of S100B, a protein produced by cardiac glial cells, correlated with decreased AF recurrence. Interestingly, S100B also alters GP neuron excitability and neurite outgrowth in the ICNS. These studies highlight the importance of understanding how glial cells can affect the heart by modulating GP neuron activity or synaptic inputs. Here, we review studies investigating glia both in the central and peripheral nervous systems to discuss the potential role of glia in controlling cardiac function in health and disease, paying particular attention to the glial cells of the ICNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Tedoldi
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Manaaki Mānawa Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liam Argent
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Manaaki Mānawa Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Manaaki Mānawa Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chen J, Yin D, He X, Gao M, Choi Y, Luo G, Wang H, Qu X. Modulation of activated astrocytes in the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus to prevent ventricular arrhythmia complicating acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2020; 308:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Japundžić-Žigon N, Lozić M, Šarenac O, Murphy D. Vasopressin & Oxytocin in Control of the Cardiovascular System: An Updated Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:14-33. [PMID: 31544693 PMCID: PMC7327933 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190717150501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) in 1953, considerable knowledge has been gathered about their roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. Unraveling VP vasoconstrictor properties and V1a receptors in blood vessels generated powerful hemostatic drugs and drugs effective in the treatment of certain forms of circulatory collapse (shock). Recognition of the key role of VP in water balance via renal V2 receptors gave birth to aquaretic drugs found to be useful in advanced stages of congestive heart failure. There are still unexplored actions of VP and OT on the cardiovascular system, both at the periphery and in the brain that may open new venues in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After a brief overview on VP, OT and their peripheral action on the cardiovascular system, this review focuses on newly discovered hypothalamic mechanisms involved in neurogenic control of the circulation in stress and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Lozić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Murphy
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Kwon S, Jung JH, Cho S, Moon KD, Lee J. Dieckol is a natural positive allosteric modulator of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors and enhances inhibitory synaptic activity in cultured neurons. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:835-842. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1681089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangoh Kwon
- S&D Research and Development Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Major in Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Jung
- Research group of Functional Food Materials, Division of Functional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Deog Moon
- Major in Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Research group of Functional Food Materials, Division of Functional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Wang YC, Dzyubenko E, Sanchez-Mendoza EH, Sardari M, Silva de Carvalho T, Doeppner TR, Kaltwasser B, Machado P, Kleinschnitz C, Bassetti CL, Hermann DM. Postacute Delivery of GABA A α5 Antagonist Promotes Postischemic Neurological Recovery and Peri-infarct Brain Remodeling. Stroke 2019; 49:2495-2503. [PMID: 30355106 PMCID: PMC6159671 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Poststroke, neuronal excitability is tonically reduced in peri-infarct tissue via inhibitory influences of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. We hypothesized that GABAA α5 blockade by the competitive antagonist S44819 enhances postischemic neurological recovery, brain remodeling, and neuroplasticity. Methods— In an explorative study followed by a confirmation study, male C57Bl6/j mice were exposed to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Starting 72 hours poststroke, vehicle or S44819 (3 or 10 mg/kg, BID) was delivered orally for 28 days. Neurological recovery, perilesional tissue remodeling, and contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity were evaluated for 42 days, that is, 14 days after completion of S44819 delivery. Results— S44819, delivered at 10 but not 3 mg/kg, persistently improved motor coordination and spatial memory in both studies. Striatal atrophy was reduced by 10 mg/kg S44819 at 42 days post-treatment onset, and neuronal long-term survival in the peri-infarct striatum was increased. Delayed neuroprotection was associated with reduced peri-infarct astrogliosis, increased peri-infarct brain capillary density, and increased neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation in proximity to the ipsilesional subventricular zone. Contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity, evaluated by anterograde tract tracing at the level of the red nucleus, was not influenced by S44819. Concentrations of neurotrophic (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) and angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor) growth factors were elevated by 10 mg/kg S44819 in peri-infarct but not contralesional brain tissue. Conclusions— Our data demonstrate that S44819 enhances neurological recovery and peri-infarct brain remodeling in the postacute stroke phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chao Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Egor Dzyubenko
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Eduardo H Sanchez-Mendoza
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Maryam Sardari
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Tayana Silva de Carvalho
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Goettingen Medical School, Germany (T.R.D.)
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | - Patricia Machado
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (P.M.)
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
| | | | - Dirk M Hermann
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Y.-c.W., E.D., E.H.S.-M., M.S., T.S.d.C., B.K., C.K., D.M.H.)
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Shen Y, Park JB, Lee SY, Han SK, Ryu PD. Exercise training normalizes elevated firing rate of hypothalamic presympathetic neurons in heart failure rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R110-R120. [PMID: 30485115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00225.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training (ExT) normalizes elevated sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure (HF), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effects of 3 wk of ExT on the electrical activity of the hypothalamic presympathetic neurons in the brain slice of HF rats. HF rats were prepared by ligating the left descending coronary artery. The electrophysiological properties of paraventricular nucleus neurons projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (PVN-RVLM) were examined using the slice patch-clamp technique. The neuronal firing rate was elevated in HF rats, and ExT induced a reduction in the firing rate ( P < 0.01). This ExT-induced decrease in the firing rate was associated with an increased frequency of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSCs; P < 0.05). There was no significant change in excitatory postsynaptic current. Replacing Ca2+ with Mg2+ in the recording solution reduced the elevated IPSC frequency in HF rats with ExT ( P < 0.01) but not in those without ExT, indicating an increase in the probability of GABA release. In contrast, ExT did not restore the reduced GABAA receptor-mediated tonic inhibitory current in HF rats. A GABAA receptor blocker (bicuculline, 20 μM) increased the firing rate in HF rats with ExT ( P < 0.01) but not in those without ExT. Collectively, these results show that ExT normalized the elevated firing activity by increasing synaptic GABA release in PVN-RVLM neurons in HF rats. Our findings provide a brain mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of ExT in HF, which may shed light on the pathophysiology of other diseases accompanied by sympathetic hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Shen Y, Han SK, Ryu PD. Comparison of electrophysiological properties of two types of pre-sympathetic neurons intermingled in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:483-491. [PMID: 29649859 PMCID: PMC6070595 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.4.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contains two types of neurons projecting to either the rostral ventrolateral medulla (PVNRVLM) or the intermediolateral horn (IML) of the spinal cord (PVNIML). These two neuron groups are intermingled in the same subdivisions of the PVN and differentially regulate sympathetic outflow. However, electrophysiological evidence supporting such functional differences is largely lacking. Herein, we compared the electrophysiological properties of these neurons by using patch-clamp and retrograde-tracing techniques. Most neurons (>70%) in both groups spontaneously fired in the cell-attached mode. When compared to the PVNIML neurons, the PVNRVLM neurons had a lower firing rate and a more irregular firing pattern (p < 0.05). The PVNRVLM neurons showed smaller resting membrane potential, slower rise and decay times, and greater duration of spontaneous action potentials (p < 0.05). The PVNRVLM neurons received greater inhibitory synaptic inputs (frequency, p < 0.05) with a shorter rise time (p < 0.05). Taken together, the results indicate that the two pre-sympathetic neurons differ in their intrinsic and extrinsic electrophysiological properties, which may explain the lower firing activity of the PVNRVLM neurons. The greater inhibitory synaptic inputs to the PVNRVLM neurons also imply that these neurons have more integrative roles in regulation of sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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13
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Cohen EM, Farnham MMJ, Kakall Z, Kim SJ, Nedoboy PE, Pilowsky PM. Glia and central cardiorespiratory pathology. Auton Neurosci 2018; 214:24-34. [PMID: 30172674 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiration and blood pressure are primarily controlled by somatic and autonomic motor neurones, respectively. Central cardiorespiratory control is critical in moment-to-moment survival, but it also has a role in the development and maintenance of chronic pathological conditions such as hypertension. The glial cells of the brain are non-neuronal cells with metabolic, immune, and developmental functions. Recent evidence shows that glia play an active role in supporting and regulating the neuronal circuitry which drives the cardiorespiratory system. Here we will review the activities of two key types of glial cell, microglia and astrocytes, in assisting normal central cardiorespiratory control and in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Myfanwy Cohen
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Melissa M J Farnham
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zohra Kakall
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Seung Jae Kim
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Polina E Nedoboy
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Paul M Pilowsky
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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14
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Al‐muhtasib N, Forcelli PA, Vicini S. Differential electrophysiological properties of D1 and D2 spiny projection neurons in the mouse nucleus accumbens core. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13784. [PMID: 29962016 PMCID: PMC6026590 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum consists of the dorsal (caudate/putamen) and the ventral (nucleus accumbens) regions. The nucleus accumbens is further divided into a core and shell. Both the dorsal and ventral striatum contain populations of spiny projection neurons, which make up 95% of the neurons within the striatum. SPNs are canonically categorized into those that express the D1-type dopamine receptor (D1 SPNs) and those that express the D2-type dopamine receptor (D2 SPNs). D1 and D2 SPNs differ with respect to both synaptic inputs and projection targets. In the dorsal striatum, it is well established that these populations of SPNs differ in terms of their electrophysiological and morphological properties. However, there remains a gap in our knowledge of the electrophysiological properties of SPNs in the nucleus accumbens core. To evaluate the differential properties of these SPNs, we performed whole-cell recordings from D1 and D2 SPNs in BAC transgenic mice in which D1 SPNs fluoresce red and D2 SPNs fluoresce green. The two SPN subtypes did not differ in terms of their time constant, capacitance, resting membrane potential, or tonic current. However, D2 SPNs displayed heightened inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and miniature excitatory PSC frequency as compared with D1 SPNs. Furthermore, D2 SPNs displayed decreased rheobase, increased excitability as measured by firing rates to depolarizing current injections, increased inward rectification, increased input resistance, and decreased dendritic complexity compared to D1 SPNs. Our results demonstrate a dichotomy in the electrophysiological properties of D1 and D2 SPNs in the nucleus accumbens core, which contributes to our knowledge of ventral striatal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Al‐muhtasib
- Department of Pharmacology & PhysiologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Patrick A. Forcelli
- Department of Pharmacology & PhysiologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Department of Pharmacology & PhysiologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
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15
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Colmers PLW, Bains JS. Balancing tonic and phasic inhibition in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons. J Physiol 2018; 596:1919-1929. [PMID: 29419884 DOI: 10.1113/jp275588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS GABA transporter (GAT) blockade recruits extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAA Rs) and amplifies constitutive presynaptic GABAB R activity. Extrasynaptic GABAA Rs contribute to a tonic current. Corticosteroids increase the tonic current mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA Rs. ABSTRACT Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) are integratory hubs that regulate the endocrine response to stress. GABA inputs provide a basal inhibitory tone that constrains this system and circulating glucocorticoids (CORT) are important feedback controllers of CRH output. Surprisingly little is known about the direct effects of CORT on GABA synapses in PVN. Here we used whole-cell patch clamp recordings from CRH neurons in mouse hypothalamic brain slices to examine the effects of CORT on synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA signalling. We show that GABA transporters (GATs) limit constitutive activation of presynaptic GABAB receptors and ensure high release probability at GABA synapses. GATs in combination with GABAB receptors also curtail extrasynaptic GABAA R signalling. CORT has no effect on synaptic GABA signalling, but increases extrasynaptic GABA tone through upregulation of postsynaptic GABAA receptors. These data show that efficient GABA clearance and autoinhibition control the balance between synaptic (phasic) and extrasynaptic (tonic) inhibition in PVN CRH neurons. This balance is shifted towards increased extrasynaptic inhibition by CORT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L W Colmers
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jaideep S Bains
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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16
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Pandit S, Lee GS, Park JB. Developmental changes in GABA A tonic inhibition are compromised by multiple mechanisms in preadolescent dentate gyrus granule cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:695-702. [PMID: 29200913 PMCID: PMC5709487 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The sustained tonic currents (Itonic) generated by γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAARs) are implicated in diverse age-dependent brain functions. While various mechanisms regulating Itonic in the hippocampus are known, their combined role in Itonic regulation is not well understood in different age groups. In this study, we demonstrated that a developmental increase in GABA transporter (GAT) expression, combined with gradual decrease in GABAAR α5 subunit, resulted in various Itonic in the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) of preadolescent rats. Both GAT-1 and GAT-3 expression gradually increased at infantile (P6-8 and P13-15) and juvenile (P20-22 and P27-29) stages, with stabilization observed thereafter in adolescents (P34-36) and young adults (P41-43). Itonic facilitation of a selective GAT-1 blocker (NO-711) was significantly less at P6-8 than after P13-15. The facilitation of Itonic by SNAP-5114, a GAT-3 inhibitor, was negligible in the absence of exogenous GABA at all tested ages. In contrast, Itonic in the presence of a nonselective GAT blocker (nipecotic acid, NPA) gradually decreased with age during the preadolescent period, which was mimicked by Itonic changes in the presence of exogenous GABA. Itonic sensitivity to L-655,708, a GABAAR α5 subunit inverse agonist, gradually decreased during the preadolescent period in the presence of NPA or exogenous GABA. Finally, Western blot analysis showed that the expression of the GABAAR α5 subunit in the dentate gyrus gradually decreased with age. Collectively, our results suggested that the Itonic regulation of altered GATs is under the final tune of GABAAR α5 subunit activation in DGGCs at different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pandit
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Gyu Seung Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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17
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Sun Y, Sun B, He R. Effect of the changes of NMDA receptor in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on cardiac function and sympathetic nervous activity in rats with heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1336-1341. [PMID: 28958939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of the changes of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on cardiac function and sympathetic nervous activity in rats with heart failure (HF). METHODS Thirty-six adult male SD rats were randomly divided into the heart failure group (HF), the heart failure + NMDA receptors agonist AP5 intervention group (HF-AP5), and the Sham-operation group (SO) (n = 12). HF model in SD rats was induced by ligation of left coronary artery. AP5 (0.02 μg/h) was administrated by the paraventricular nucleus subsequently for 4 weeks. The cardiac function, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), lung/body weight ratio (L/BW), and right ventricle/body weight ratio (RV/BW), as well as the plasma noradrenaline (NE) and Angiotensin II (Ang II) level and the expressions of NMDAR1, GAD67, and TH in PVN, in different groups were recorded 4 weeks after the establishment of HF model. RESULTS After the coronary artery was ligated, LVEDP was increased, ±dp/dt max and LVEF were decreased, lung/BW and RV/BW were raised. RSNA, Ang II and NE were raised. Expression of NMDAR1 and TH were increased, but GAD67 was decreased. The levels of LVEDP, lung/BW, and RV/BW in group HF-AP5 were reduced while ± dp/dtmax was increased after the treatment. The blood Ang II and NE content was decreased, RSNA was reduced, expression of NMDAR1 and TH were downregulated, but GAD67 was upregulated. CONCLUSIONS NMDAR1 is significantly activated in PVN of HF rats, the activity of TH is increased, GAD67 is downregulated, RSNA is increased, and the heart function is decreased. NMDA receptor blockers can alleviate HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Sun
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Bingyi Sun
- Department of Medicine, The Hospital of Sinochem Second Construction Group Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, 030021, China
| | - Rongli He
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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18
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Ogundele OM, Rosa FA, Dharmakumar R, Lee CC, Francis J. Systemic Sympathoexcitation Was Associated with Paraventricular Hypothalamic Phosphorylation of Synaptic CaMKIIα and MAPK/ErK. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:447. [PMID: 28824368 PMCID: PMC5541931 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of adrenergic agonist (Isoproterenol; ISOP) is known to facilitate cardiovascular changes associated with heart failure through an upregulation of cardiac toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Furthermore, previous studies have shown that cardiac tissue-specific deletion of TLR4 protects the heart against such damage. Since the autonomic regulation of systemic cardiovascular function originates from pre-autonomic sympathetic centers in the brain, it is unclear how a systemically driven sympathetic change may affect the pre-autonomic paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei (PVN) TLR4 expression. Here, we examined how change in PVN TLR4 was associated with alterations in the neurochemical cytoarchitecture of the PVN in systemic adrenergic activation. After 48 h of intraperitoneal 150 mg/kg ISOP treatment, there was a change in PVN CaMKIIα and MAPK/ErK expression, and an increase in TLR4 in expression. This was seen as an increase in p-MAPK/ErK, and a decrease in synaptic CaMKIIα expression in the PVN (p < 0.01) of ISOP treated mice. Furthermore, there was an upregulation of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT 2; p < 0.01) and a decreased expression of GABA in the PVN of Isoproterenol (ISOP) treated WT mice (p < 0.01). However, after a PVN-specific knockdown of TLR4, the effect of systemic administration of ISOP was attenuated, as indicated by a decrease in p-MAPK/ErK (p < 0.01) and upregulation of CaMKIIα (p < 0.05). Additionally, loss of inhibitory function was averted while VGLUT2 expression decreased when compared with the ISOP treated wild type mice and the control. Taken together, the outcome of this study showed that systemic adrenergic activation may alter the expression, and phosphorylation of preautonomic MAPK/ErK and CaMKIIα downstream of TLR4. As such, by outlining the roles of these kinases in synaptic function, we have identified the significance of neural TLR4 in the progression, and attenuation of synaptic changes in the pre-autonomic sympathetic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan M Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary MedicineBaton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Fernando A Rosa
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual PaulistaAraçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rohan Dharmakumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Biomedical Imaging Research InstituteLos Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary MedicineBaton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Joseph Francis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary MedicineBaton Rouge, LA, United States
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19
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Ogundele OM, Lee CC, Francis J. Thalamic dopaminergic neurons projects to the paraventricular nucleus-rostral ventrolateral medulla/C1 neural circuit. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1307-1314. [PMID: 27981779 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Paraventricular nuclei (PVN) projections to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)/C1 catecholaminergic neuron group constitute the pre-autonomic sympathetic center involved in the neural control of systemic cardiovascular function. However, the role of extra-hypothalamic and thalamic dopaminergic (DA) inputs in this circuit remains underexplored. Using retrograde neuroanatomical tracing and high contrast confocal imaging methods, we investigated the projections and morphology of the discrete thalamic DA neuron groups in the dorsal hypothalamic area and their contribution to the PVN-RVLM neural circuit. We found that DA neuron subgroups in the Zona Incerta (Zi; 60%) and Reuniens thalamic nuclei (Re; 40%) were labeled comparably to the PVN (85%) after a retrograde tracer was injected into the RVLM/C1 (P < 0.01 mean ± SEM). The Re/Zi DA neuron subgroups were characterized by angulated cell bodies, superiomedial and inferiomedial projections reaching the contralateral Re/Zi and ipsilateral PVN DA neurons respectively. Ultimately, we deduced that the DA projections of the Re/Zi to the PVN contribute to the PVN-RVLM/C1 neural circuit. As a result of these connections, the Re/Zi DA neuron groups may regulate preautonomic sympathetic events associated with the PVN-RVLM pathway. Anat Rec, 300:1307-1314, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan M Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Joseph Francis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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20
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Wang R, Zhang W, Dong Z, Qi Y, Hultström M, Zhou X, Lai EY. c-Jun N-terminal Kinase mediates prostaglandin-induced sympathoexcitation in rats with chronic heart failure by reducing GAD1 and GABRA1 expression. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:494-509. [PMID: 27439062 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Prostaglandin E2 mediates sympathoexcitation in chronic heart failure (CHF) through EP3 receptors (PTGER3) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in expressional regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid signalling in PVN in CHF rats. METHODS Chronic heart failure was induced by left coronary ligation in Wistar rats. Renal sympathetic nerve discharge (RSND) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to the PVN infusion were determined in anaesthetized rats. Osmotic minipumps were used for chronic PVN infusion. PTGER3 expression was examined with immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Chronic heart failure rats had increased JNK activation and decreased glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) and GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit (GABRA1) expression in the PVN. PVN infusion of the PTGER3 agonist SC-46275 caused sympathoexcitation in sham-operated control (Sham) rats and increased it further in CHF. The PTGER3 antagonist L798106 reduced sympathoexcitation and cardiac dysfunction in CHF. PVN infusion of EP1 receptor antagonist SC-19220, EP2 receptor antagonist AH6809 or EP4 receptor antagonist L-161982 had no effect on sympathoexcitation. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 normalized sympathoexcitation and GAD1 and GABRA1 expression in PVN in CHF rats. Both the p44/42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors PD98059 and SB203580 could not prevent the downregulation of GAD1 and GABRA1 expression in PVN in CHF. PTGER3 agonist activated JNK but downregulated GAD1 and GABRA1 expression in NG108 neuronal cells. CONCLUSION Prostaglandin signalling through upregulated PTGER3 activates JNK which reduces GAD1 and GABRA1 expression in the PVN, and contributes to sympathoexcitation in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Wang
- Department of Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Jilin Normal University; Siping China
| | - W. Zhang
- Department of Physiology; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Z. Dong
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Y. Qi
- Department of Bioscience; School of Life Science; Jilin Normal University; Siping China
| | - M. Hultström
- Integrative Physiology; Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - X. Zhou
- Department of Bioscience; School of Life Science; Jilin Normal University; Siping China
| | - E. Y. Lai
- Department of Physiology; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
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Baek H, Lim CS, Byun HS, Cho HS, Lee YR, Shin YS, Kim HW, Jeon BH, Kim DW, Hong J, Hur GM, Park JB. The anti-inflammatory role of extranuclear apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor-1 in reactive astrocytes. Mol Brain 2016; 9:99. [PMID: 27986089 PMCID: PMC5162091 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a ubiquitous multipurpose protein, is also known as redox effector factor-1 (Ref-1). It is involved in DNA repair and redox signaling and, in turn, oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. Although previous studies have demonstrated that APE1/Ref-1 functions as a negative regulator of inflammatory response via several mechanisms in neuronal cells, little is known about the roles of APE1/Ref-1 in glial cells. In this study, we found that cytoplasmic APE1/Ref-1 expression was upregulated in reactive astrocytes of the kainic acid- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected hippocampus. Analysis of the inflammatory response induced by extranuclear APE1/Ref-1 (ΔNLS-Ref-1) in cultured primary astrocytes revealed that it markedly suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion induced by LPS to a similar extent as did wild type APE1/Ref-1 (WT-Ref-1), supporting the concept an anti-inflammatory role of extranuclear APE1/Ref-1 in astrocytes. Additionally, overexpression of WT- and ΔNLS-Ref-1 suppressed the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), although it effectively enhanced activator protein 1 (AP-1) activity. The blunting effect of APE1/Ref-1 on LPS-induced NF-κB activation was not mediated by IκB kinase (IKK) activity. Instead, APE1/Ref-1 inhibited p300-mediated acetylation of p65 by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels following LPS treatment. Taken together, our results showed that altered expression and/or subcellular distribution of APE1/Ref-1 in activated astrocytes regulated the neuroinflammatory response to excitotoxin and endotoxin insults used in model of neurodegenerative brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Baek
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Seong Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Cho
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Pai YH, Lim CS, Park KA, Cho HS, Lee GS, Shin YS, Kim HW, Jeon BH, Yoon SH, Park JB. Facilitation of AMPA receptor-mediated steady-state current by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in supraoptic magnocellular neurosecretory cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:425-32. [PMID: 27382359 PMCID: PMC4930911 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.4.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to classical synaptic transmission, information is transmitted between cells via the activation of extrasynaptic receptors that generate persistent tonic current in the brain. While growing evidence supports the presence of tonic NMDA current (INMDA) generated by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs), the functional significance of tonic INMDA in various brain regions remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that activation of eNMDARs that generate INMDA facilitates the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated steady-state current in supraoptic nucleus (SON) magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs). In low-Mg2+ artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), glutamate induced an inward shift in Iholding (IGLU) at a holding potential (Vholding) of –70 mV which was partly blocked by an AMPAR antagonist, NBQX. NBQX-sensitive IGLU was observed even in normal aCSF at Vholding of –40 mV or –20 mV. IGLU was completely abolished by pretreatment with an NMDAR blocker, AP5, under all tested conditions. AMPA induced a reproducible inward shift in Iholding (IAMPA) in SON MNCs. Pretreatment with AP5 attenuated IAMPA amplitudes to ~60% of the control levels in low-Mg2+ aCSF, but not in normal aCSF at Vholding of –70 mV. IAMPA attenuation by AP5 was also prominent in normal aCSF at depolarized holding potentials. Memantine, an eNMDAR blocker, mimicked the AP5-induced IAMPA attenuation in SON MNCs. Finally, chronic dehydration did not affect IAMPA attenuation by AP5 in the neurons. These results suggest that tonic INMDA, mediated by eNMDAR, facilitates AMPAR function, changing the postsynaptic response to its agonists in normal and osmotically challenged SON MNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hyoung Pai
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Chae Seong Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Cho
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Gyu-Seung Lee
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Yong Sup Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Seok Hwa Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Kim
- a Department of Physiology ; Brain Research Institute and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University ; Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sudip Pandit
- a Department of Physiology ; Brain Research Institute and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University ; Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- a Department of Physiology ; Brain Research Institute and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University ; Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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