1
|
Baarbé J, Brown MJN, Saha U, Tran S, Weissbach A, Saravanamuttu J, Cheyne D, Hutchison WD, Chen R. Cortical modulations before lower limb motor blocks are associated with freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: an EEG source localization study. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106557. [PMID: 38852752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by paroxysmal episodes in which patients are unable to step forward. A research priority is identifying cortical changes before freezing in PD-FOG. METHODS We tested 19 patients with PD who had been assessed for FOG (n=14 with FOG and 5 without FOG). While seated, patients stepped bilaterally on pedals to progress forward through a virtual hallway while 64-channel EEG was recorded. We assessed cortical activities before and during lower limb motor blocks (LLMB), defined as a break in rhythmic pedaling, and stops, defined as movement cessation following an auditory stop cue. This task was selected because LLMB correlates with FOG severity in PD and allows recording of high-quality EEG. Patients were tested after overnight withdrawal from dopaminergic medications ("off" state) and in the "on" medications state. EEG source activities were evaluated using individual MRI and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). Functional connectivity was evaluated by phase lag index between seeds and pre-defined cortical regions of interest. RESULTS EEG source activities for LLMB vs. cued stops localized to right posterior parietal area (Brodmann area 39), lateral premotor area (Brodmann area 6), and inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 47). In these areas, PD-FOG (n=14) increased alpha rhythms (8-12 Hz) before LLMB vs. typical stepping, whereas PD without FOG (n=5) decreased alpha power. Alpha rhythms were linearly correlated with LLMB severity, and the relationship became an inverted U-shape when assessing alpha rhythms as a function of percent time in LLMB in the "off" medication state. Right inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area connectivity was observed before LLMB in the beta band (13-30 Hz). This same pattern of connectivity was seen before stops. Dopaminergic medication improved FOG and led to less alpha synchronization and increased functional connections between frontal and parietal areas. CONCLUSIONS Right inferior parietofrontal structures are implicated in PD-FOG. The predominant changes were in the alpha rhythm, which increased before LLMB and with LLMB severity. Similar connectivity was observed for LLMB and stops between the right inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area, suggesting that FOG may be a form of "unintended stopping." These findings may inform approaches to neurorehabilitation of PD-FOG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Baarbé
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Matt J N Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Utpal Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - James Saravanamuttu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas Cheyne
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William D Hutchison
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anjum MF, Espinoza AI, Cole RC, Singh A, May P, Uc EY, Dasgupta S, Narayanan NS. Resting-state EEG measures cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38172519 PMCID: PMC10764756 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). We developed and evaluated an EEG-based biomarker to index cognitive functions in PD from a few minutes of resting-state EEG. We hypothesized that synchronous changes in EEG across the power spectrum can measure cognition. We optimized a data-driven algorithm to efficiently capture these changes and index cognitive function in 100 PD and 49 control participants. We compared our EEG-based cognitive index with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and cognitive tests across different domains from National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox using cross-validations, regression models, and randomization tests. Finally, we externally validated our approach on 32 PD participants. We observed cognition-related changes in EEG over multiple spectral rhythms. Utilizing only 8 best-performing electrodes, our proposed index strongly correlated with cognition (MoCA: rho = 0.68, p value < 0.001; NIH-Toolbox cognitive tests: rho ≥ 0.56, p value < 0.001) outperforming traditional spectral markers (rho = -0.30-0.37). The index showed a strong fit in regression models (R2 = 0.46) with MoCA, yielded 80% accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment, and was effective in both PD and control participants. Notably, our approach was equally effective (rho = 0.68, p value < 0.001; MoCA) in out-of-sample testing. In summary, we introduced a computationally efficient data-driven approach for cross-domain cognition indexing using fewer than 10 EEG electrodes, potentially compatible with dynamic therapies like closed-loop neurostimulation. These results will inform next-generation neurophysiological biomarkers for monitoring cognition in PD and other neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Fahim Anjum
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Arturo I Espinoza
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, 52240, USA
| | - Rachel C Cole
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, 52240, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, South Dakota, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Patrick May
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, 52240, USA
| | - Ergun Y Uc
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, 52240, USA
- Neurology Service, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa city, IA, 52240, USA
| | - Soura Dasgupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, 52240, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abbott PW, Hardie JB, Walsh KP, Nessler AJ, Farley SJ, Freeman JH, Wemmie JA, Wendt L, Kim YC, Sowers LP, Parker KL. Knockdown of the Non-canonical Wnt Gene Prickle2 Leads to Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Abnormalities While Cerebellar-Mediated Behaviors Remain Intact. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-023-01648-9. [PMID: 38165577 PMCID: PMC11217148 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) involve brain wide abnormalities that contribute to a constellation of symptoms including behavioral inflexibility, cognitive dysfunction, learning impairments, altered social interactions, and perceptive time difficulties. Although a single genetic variation does not cause ASD, genetic variations such as one involving a non-canonical Wnt signaling gene, Prickle2, has been found in individuals with ASD. Previous work looking into phenotypes of Prickle2 knock-out (Prickle2-/-) and heterozygous mice (Prickle2-/+) suggest patterns of behavior similar to individuals with ASD including altered social interaction and behavioral inflexibility. Growing evidence implicates the cerebellum in ASD. As Prickle2 is expressed in the cerebellum, this animal model presents a unique opportunity to investigate the cerebellar contribution to autism-like phenotypes. Here, we explore cerebellar structural and physiological abnormalities in animals with Prickle2 knockdown using immunohistochemistry, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, and several cerebellar-associated motor and timing tasks, including interval timing and eyeblink conditioning. Histologically, Prickle2-/- mice have significantly more empty spaces or gaps between Purkinje cells in the posterior lobules and a decreased propensity for Purkinje cells to fire action potentials. These structural cerebellar abnormalities did not impair cerebellar-associated behaviors as eyeblink conditioning and interval timing remained intact. Therefore, although Prickle-/- mice show classic phenotypes of ASD, they do not recapitulate the involvement of the adult cerebellum and may not represent the pathophysiological heterogeneity of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker W Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - Jason B Hardie
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - Kyle P Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - Aaron J Nessler
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | | | - John H Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - Linder Wendt
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - Young-Cho Kim
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - Levi P Sowers
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - Krystal L Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kricheldorff J, Ficke J, Debener S, Witt K. Impaired proactive cognitive control in Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad327. [PMID: 38130839 PMCID: PMC10733811 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive control has been studied in Parkinson's disease mainly in the context of proactive control and with mixed results. We compared reactive- and proactive control in 30 participants with Parkinson's disease to 30 age matched healthy control participants. The electroencephalographic activity of the participants was recorded over 128 channels while they performed a numerical Stroop task, in which we controlled for confounding stimulus-response learning. We assessed effects of reactive- and proactive control on reaction time-, accuracy- and electroencephalographic time-frequency data. Behavioural results show distinct impairments of proactive- and reactive control in participants with Parkinson's disease, when tested on their usual medication. Compared to healthy control participants, participants with Parkinson's disease were impaired in their ability to adapt cognitive control proactively and were less effective to resolve conflict using reactive control. Successful reactive and proactive control in the healthy control group was accompanied by a reduced conflict effect between congruent and incongruent items in midline-frontal theta power. Our findings provide evidence for a general impairment of proactive control in Parkinson's disease and highlight the importance of controlling for the effects of S-R learning when studying adaptive control. Evidence concerning reactive control was inconclusive, but we found that participants with Parkinson's disease were less effective than healthy control participants in resolving conflict during the reactive control task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kricheldorff
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26046 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Ficke
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26046 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Debener
- Research Center of Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26046 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center of Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Evangelical Hospital, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh A, Cole RC, Espinoza AI, Wessel JR, Cavanagh JF, Narayanan NS. Evoked mid-frontal activity predicts cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:945-953. [PMID: 37263767 PMCID: PMC10592174 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is a major feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the pathophysiology remains unknown. One potential mechanism is abnormal low-frequency cortical rhythms which engage cognitive functions and are deficient in PD. We tested the hypothesis that mid-frontal delta/theta rhythms predict cognitive dysfunction in PD. METHOD We recruited 100 patients with PD and 49 demographically similar control participants who completed a series of cognitive control tasks, including the Simon, oddball and interval-timing tasks. We focused on cue-evoked delta (1-4 Hz) and theta (4-7 Hz) rhythms from a single mid-frontal EEG electrode (cranial vertex (Cz)) in patients with PD who were either cognitively normal, with mild-cognitive impairments (Parkinson's disease with mild-cognitive impairment) or had dementia (Parkinson's disease dementia). RESULTS We found that PD-related cognitive dysfunction was associated with increased response latencies and decreased mid-frontal delta power across all tasks. Within patients with PD, the first principal component of evoked electroencephalography features from a single electrode (Cz) strongly correlated with clinical metrics such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (r=0.34) and with National Institutes of Health Toolbox Executive Function score (r=0.46). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that cue-evoked mid-frontal delta/theta rhythms directly relate to cognition in PD. Our results provide insight into the nature of low-frequency frontal rhythms and suggest that PD-related cognitive dysfunction results from decreased delta/theta activity. These findings could facilitate the development of new biomarkers and targeted therapies for cognitive symptoms of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yeager BE, Twedt HP, Bruss J, Schultz J, Narayanan NS. Salience network and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.13.23296825. [PMID: 37873396 PMCID: PMC10593050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.23296825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with cognitive as well as motor impairments. While much is known about the brain networks leading to motor impairments in PD, less is known about the brain networks contributing to cognitive impairments. Here, we leveraged resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) to examine network dysfunction in PD patients with cognitive impairment. We tested the hypothesis that cognitive impairments in PD involve altered connectivity of the salience network (SN), a key cortical network that detects and integrates responses to salient stimuli. We used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a continuous index of coarse cognitive function in PD. We report two major results. First, in 82 PD patients we found significant relationships between lower intra-network connectivity of the frontoparietal network (FPN; comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices bilaterally) with lower MoCA scores. Second, we found significant relationships between lower inter-network connectivity between the SN and the basal ganglia network (BGN) and the default mode network (DMN) with lower MoCA scores. These data support our hypothesis about the SN and provide new insights into the brain networks contributing to cognitive impairments in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Yeager
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Hunter P Twedt
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Joel Bruss
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Jordan Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gibney KD, Kypriotakis G, Versace F. Individual differences in late positive potential amplitude and theta power predict cue-induced eating. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100106. [PMID: 37711965 PMCID: PMC10501046 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cue-induced reward-seeking behaviors are regulated by both the affective and cognitive control systems of the brain. This study aimed at investigating how individual differences in affective and cognitive responses to cues predicting food rewards contribute to the regulation of cue-induced eating. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) from 59 adults while they viewed emotional and food-related images that preceded the delivery of food rewards (candies) or non-food objects (beads). We measured the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) in response to a variety of motivationally relevant images and power in the theta (4-8 Hz) frequency band after candies or beads were dispensed to the participants. We found that individuals with larger LPP responses to food images than to pleasant images (C>P group) ate significantly more during the experiment than those with the opposite response pattern (P>C group, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that individuals with higher theta power after dispensation of the candy than of the bead (θCA>θBE) ate significantly more than those with the opposite response pattern (θBE>θCA, p < 0.001). Finally, we found that the crossed P>C and θBE>θCA group ate less (p < 0.001) than did the other three groups formed by crossing the LPP and theta group assignments, who exhibited similar eating behavior on average (p = 0.662). These findings demonstrate that individual differences in both affective and cognitive responses to reward-related cues underlie vulnerability to cue-induced behaviors, underscoring the need for individualized treatments to mitigate maladaptive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyla D. Gibney
- Neuroscience Graduate Program MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - George Kypriotakis
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francesco Versace
- Neuroscience Graduate Program MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anjum MF, Espinoza A, Cole R, Singh A, May P, Uc E, Dasgupta S, Narayanan N. Resting-state EEG measures cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2666578. [PMID: 36993450 PMCID: PMC10055637 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2666578/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Cognitive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is diagnosed by complex, time-consuming psychometric tests which are affected by language and education, subject to learning effects, and not suitable for continuous monitoring of cognition. Objectives We developed and evaluated an EEG-based biomarker to index cognitive functions in PD from a few minutes of resting-state EEG. Methods We hypothesized that synchronous changes in EEG across the power spectrum can measure cognition. We optimized a data-driven algorithm to efficiently capture these changes and index cognitive function in 100 PD and 49 control participants. We compared our EEG-based cognitive index with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and cognitive tests across different domains from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox using cross-validation schemes, regression models, and randomization tests. Results We observed cognition-related changes in EEG activities over multiple spectral rhythms. Utilizing only 8 best-performing EEG electrodes, our proposed index strongly correlated with cognition (rho = 0.68, p value < 0.001 with MoCA; rho ≥ 0.56, p value < 0.001 with cognitive tests from the NIH Toolbox) outperforming traditional spectral markers (rho = -0.30 - 0.37). The index showed a strong fit in regression models (R2 = 0.46) with MoCA, yielded 80% accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment, and was effective in both PD and control participants. Conclusions Our approach is computationally efficient for real-time indexing of cognition across domains, implementable even in hardware with limited computing capabilities, making it potentially compatible with dynamic therapies such as closed-loop neurostimulation, and will inform next-generation neurophysiological biomarkers for monitoring cognition in PD and other neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Weber MA, Sivakumar K, Tabakovic EE, Oya M, Aldridge GM, Zhang Q, Simmering JE, Narayanan NS. Glycolysis-enhancing α 1-adrenergic antagonists modify cognitive symptoms related to Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 36864060 PMCID: PMC9981768 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Terazosin is an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist that enhances glycolysis and increases cellular ATP by binding to the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). Recent work has shown that terazosin is protective against motor dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with slowed motor symptom progression in PD patients. However, PD is also characterized by profound cognitive symptoms. We tested the hypothesis that terazosin protects against cognitive symptoms associated with PD. We report two main results. First, in rodents with ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine depletion modeling aspects of PD-related cognitive dysfunction, we found that terazosin preserved cognitive function. Second, we found that after matching for demographics, comorbidities, and disease duration, PD patients newly started on terazosin, alfuzosin, or doxazosin had a lower hazard of being diagnosed with dementia compared to tamsulosin, an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist that does not enhance glycolysis. Together, these findings suggest that in addition to slowing motor symptom progression, glycolysis-enhancing drugs protect against cognitive symptoms of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Weber
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Kartik Sivakumar
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ervina E Tabakovic
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mayu Oya
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Georgina M Aldridge
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jacob E Simmering
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Era V, Candidi M, Pezzetta R, Pulcini C, D'Antonio S, Zabberoni S, Peppe A, Costa A, Taglieri S, Carlesimo GA, Aglioti SM. The dopaminergic system supports flexible and rewarding dyadic motor interactive behaviour in Parkinson's Disease. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6604233. [PMID: 35674339 PMCID: PMC9949502 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that the dopaminergic system (DAS) supports individual flexible behaviour. While flexibility is quintessential to effective dyadic motor interactions, whether DAS mediates adaptations of one's own motor behaviour to that of a partner is not known. Here, we asked patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) to synchronize their grasping movements with those of a virtual partner in conditions that did (Interactive) or did not (Cued) require to predict and adapt to its actions. PD performed the task during daily antiparkinsonian treatment ('On' condition) or after drug-withdrawal ('Off' condition). A group of healthy individuals also served as control group. In the Interactive condition, PDs performed better and found the interaction more enjoyable when in 'On' than in 'Off' condition. Crucially, PD performance in the 'On' condition did not differ from that of healthy controls. This pattern of results hints at the key role of the DAS in supporting the flexible adaptation of one's own actions to the partner's during motor interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Era
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Pulcini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Sara D'Antonio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Costa
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy.,Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Sara Taglieri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy.,Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy.,Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, and Sapienza University Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mortazavi L, Hynes TJ, Chernoff CS, Ramaiah S, Brodie HG, Russell B, Hathaway BA, Kaur S, Winstanley CA. D 2/3 Agonist during Learning Potentiates Cued Risky Choice. J Neurosci 2023; 43:979-992. [PMID: 36623876 PMCID: PMC9908318 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1459-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulse control and/or gambling disorders can be triggered by dopamine agonist therapies used to treat Parkinson's disease, but the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are unknown. Recent data show that adding win-paired sound and light cues to the rat gambling task (rGT) potentiates risky decision-making and impulsivity via the dopamine system, and that changing dopaminergic tone has a greater influence on behavior while subjects are learning task contingencies. Dopamine agonist therapy may therefore be potentiating risk-taking by amplifying the behavioral impact of gambling-related cues on novel behavior. Here, we show that ropinirole treatment in male rats transiently increased motor impulsivity but robustly and progressively increased choice of the high-risk/high-reward options when administered during acquisition of the cued but not uncued rGT. Early in training, ropinirole increased win-stay behavior after large unlikely wins on the cued rGT, indicative of enhanced model-free learning, which mediated the drug's effect on later risk preference. Ex vivo cFos imaging showed that both chronic ropinirole and the addition of win-paired cues suppressed the activity of dopaminergic midbrain neurons. The ratio of midbrain:prefrontal cFos+ neurons was lower in animals with suboptimal choice patterns and tended to predict risk preference across all rats. Network analyses further suggested that ropinirole induced decoupling of the dopaminergic cells of the VTA and nucleus accumbens but only when win-paired cues were present. Frontostriatal activity uninformed by the endogenous dopaminergic teaching signal therefore appeared to perpetuate risky choice, and ropinirole exaggerated this disconnect in synergy with reward-paired cues.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT D2/3 receptor agonists, used to treat Parkinson's disease, can cause gambling disorder through an unknown mechanism. Ropinirole increased risky decision-making in rats, but only when wins were paired with casino-inspired sounds and lights. This was mediated by increased win-stay behavior after large unlikely wins early in learning, indicating enhanced model-free learning. cFos imaging showed that ropinirole suppressed activity of midbrain dopamine neurons, an effect that was mimicked by the addition of win-paired cues. The degree of risky choice rats exhibited was uniquely predicted by the ratio of midbrain dopamine:PFC activity. Depriving the PFC of the endogenous dopaminergic teaching signal may therefore drive risky decision-making on-task, and ropinirole acts synergistically with win-paired cues to amplify this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leili Mortazavi
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tristan J Hynes
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chloe S Chernoff
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shrishti Ramaiah
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hannah G Brodie
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brittney Russell
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brett A Hathaway
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Combined EEG and immersive virtual reality unveil dopaminergic modulation of error monitoring in Parkinson's Disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:3. [PMID: 36639384 PMCID: PMC9839679 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting errors in your own and others' actions is associated with discrepancies between intended and expected outcomes. The processing of salient events is associated with dopamine release, the balance of which is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD). Errors in observed actions trigger various electrocortical indices (e.g. mid-frontal theta, error-related delta, and error positivity [oPe]). However, the impact of dopamine depletion to observed errors in the same individual remains unclear. Healthy controls (HCs) and PD patients observed ecological reach-to-grasp-a-glass actions performed by a virtual arm from a first-person perspective. PD patients were tested under their dopaminergic medication (on-condition) and after dopaminergic withdrawal (off-condition). Analyses of oPe, delta, and theta-power increases indicate that while the formers were elicited after incorrect vs. correct actions in all groups, the latter were observed in on-condition but altered in off-condition PD. Therefore, different EEG error signatures may index the activity of distinct mechanisms, and error-related theta power is selectively modulated by dopamine depletion. Our findings may facilitate discovering dopamine-related biomarkers for error-monitoring dysfunctions that may have crucial theoretical and clinical implications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cole RC, Espinoza AI, Singh A, Berger JI, Cavanagh JF, Wessel JR, Greenlee JD, Narayanan NS. Novelty-induced frontal-STN networks in Parkinson's disease. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:469-485. [PMID: 35297483 PMCID: PMC9837604 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Novelty detection is a primitive subcomponent of cognitive control that can be deficient in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Here, we studied the corticostriatal mechanisms underlying novelty-response deficits. In participants with PD, we recorded from cortical circuits with scalp-based electroencephalography (EEG) and from subcortical circuits using intraoperative neurophysiology during surgeries for implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes. We report three major results. First, novel auditory stimuli triggered midfrontal low-frequency rhythms; of these, 1-4 Hz "delta" rhythms were linked to novelty-associated slowing, whereas 4-7 Hz "theta" rhythms were specifically attenuated in PD. Second, 32% of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons were response-modulated; nearly all (94%) of these were also modulated by novel stimuli. Third, response-modulated STN neurons were coherent with midfrontal 1-4 Hz activity. These findings link scalp-based measurements of neural activity with neuronal activity in the STN. Our results provide insight into midfrontal cognitive control mechanisms and how purported hyperdirect frontobasal ganglia circuits evaluate new information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Cole
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States
| | - Arturo I Espinoza
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St. Vermillion, 57069, SD, United States
| | - Joel I Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Ave, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States
| | - James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 2001 Redondo S Dr, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States
| | - Jan R Wessel
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.,Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jeremy D Greenlee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Ave, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.,Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.,Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
REDUCED POWER AND PHASE-LOCKING VALUES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY THALAMUS, PUTAMEN AND HIPPOCAMPUS ATROPHY IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: AN EVENT-RELATED OSCILLATION STUDY. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 121:88-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
15
|
Bayraktaroğlu Z, Aktürk T, Yener G, de Graaf TA, Hanoğlu L, Yıldırım E, Hünerli Gündüz D, Kıyı İ, Sack AT, Babiloni C, Güntekin B. Abnormal Cross Frequency Coupling of Brain Electroencephalographic Oscillations Related to Visual Oddball Task in Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022:15500594221128713. [PMID: 36177504 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221128713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by degeneration in dopaminergic neurons. During the disease course, most of PD patients develop mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI) and dementia, especially affecting frontal executive functions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that PDMCI patients may be characterized by abnormal neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms coupling frontal and posterior cortical areas during cognitive information processing. To test this hypothesis, event-related EEG oscillations (EROs) during counting visual target (rare) stimuli in an oddball task were recorded in healthy controls (HC; N = 51), cognitively unimpaired PD patients (N = 48), and PDMCI patients (N = 53). Hilbert transform served to estimate instantaneous phase and amplitude of EROs from delta to gamma frequency bands, while modulation index computed ERO phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) at electrode pairs. As compared to the HC and PD groups, the PDMCI group was characterized by (1) more posterior topography of the delta-theta PAC and (2) reversed delta-low frequency alpha PAC direction, ie, posterior-to-anterior rather than anterior-to-posterior. These results suggest that during cognitive demands, PDMCI patients are characterized by abnormal neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms mainly led by delta frequencies underpinning functional connectivity from frontal to parietal cortical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyir Bayraktaroğlu
- International School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), functional Imaging and Cognitive Affective Neuroscience Research Laboratory (fINCAN), 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Aktürk
- Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Laboratory, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, 5211Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Görsev Yener
- Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 605730Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, 52973Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tom A de Graaf
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, 5211Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lütfü Hanoğlu
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), functional Imaging and Cognitive Affective Neuroscience Research Laboratory (fINCAN), 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Laboratory, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yıldırım
- Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Laboratory, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Hünerli Gündüz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, 37508Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İlayda Kıyı
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, 37508Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, 5211Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Hospital San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Laboratory, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cavanagh JF, Ryman S, Richardson SP. Cognitive control in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:137-152. [PMID: 35248192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control is the ability to act according to plan. Problems with cognitive control are a primary symptom and a major decrement of quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). Individuals with PD have problems with seemingly different controlled processes (e.g., task switching, impulsivity, gait disturbance, apathetic motivation). We review how these varied processes all rely upon disease-related alteration of common neural substrates, particularly due to dopaminergic imbalance. A comprehensive understanding of the neural systems underlying cognitive control will hopefully lead to more concise and reliable explanations of distributed deficits. However, high levels of clinical heterogeneity and medication-invariant control deficiencies suggest the need for increasingly detailed elaboration of the neural systems underlying control in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Sephira Ryman
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sarah Pirio Richardson
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Neurology Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Q, Abdelmotilib H, Larson T, Keomanivong C, Conlon M, Aldridge GM, Narayanan NS. Cortical alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils do not affect interval timing in mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136273. [PMID: 34601038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is Lewy body pathology associated with misfolded alpha-synuclein. Previous studies have shown that striatal injection of alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFF) can induce misfolding and aggregation of native alpha-synuclein in a prion-like manner, leading to cell death and motor dysfunction in mouse models. Here, we tested whether alpha-synuclein PFFs injected into the medial prefrontal cortex results in deficits in interval timing, a cognitive task which is disrupted in human PD patients and in rodent models of PD. We injected PFF or monomers of human alpha-synuclein into the medial prefrontal cortex of mice pre-injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) coding for overexpression of human alpha-synuclein or control protein. Despite notable medial prefrontal cortical synucleinopathy, we did not observe consistent deficits in fixed-interval timing. These results suggest that cortical alpha-synuclein does not reliably disrupt fixed-interval timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Hisham Abdelmotilib
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Travis Larson
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Cameron Keomanivong
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Mackenzie Conlon
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Georgina M Aldridge
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Altered Cerebellar Oscillations in Parkinson's Disease Patients during Cognitive and Motor Tasks. Neuroscience 2021; 475:185-196. [PMID: 34455014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebellar region have been shown in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Since the cerebellar region has been associated with cognitive and lower-limb motor functions, it is imperative to study cerebellar oscillations in PD. Here, we evaluated cerebellar electroencephalography (EEG) during cognitive processing and lower-limb motor performances in PD. Cortical and cerebellar EEG were collected from 74 PD patients and 37 healthy control subjects during a 7-second interval timing task, 26 PD patients and 13 controls during a lower-limb pedaling task, and 23 PD patients during eyes-open/closed resting conditions. Analyses were focused on the mid-cerebellar Cbz electrode and further compared to the mid-occipital Oz and mid-frontal Cz electrodes. Increased alpha-band power was observed during the eyes-closed resting-state condition over Oz, but no change in alpha power was observed over Cbz. PD patients showed higher dispersion when performing the 7-second interval timing cognitive task and executed the pedaling motor task with reduced speed compared to controls. PD patients exhibited attenuated cue-triggered theta-band power over Cbz during both the interval timing and pedaling motor tasks. Connectivity measures between Cbz and Cz showed theta-band differences, but only during the pedaling motor task. Cbz oscillatory activity also differed from Oz across multiple frequency bands in both groups during both tasks. Our cerebellar EEG data along with previous magnetoencephalography and animal model studies clearly show alterations in cerebellar oscillations during cognitive and motor processing in PD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Interval timing and midfrontal delta oscillations are impaired in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait. J Neurol 2021; 269:2599-2609. [PMID: 34674006 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gait abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and get worse with disease progression. Recent evidence has suggested a strong relationship between gait abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in PD patients and impaired cognitive control could be one of the causes for abnormal gait patterns. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients with gait problems are unclear. Here, we collected scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals during a 7-s interval timing task to investigate the cortical mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients with (PDFOG +, n = 34) and without (PDFOG-, n = 37) freezing of gait, as well as control subjects (n = 37). Results showed that the PDFOG + group exhibited the lowest maximum response density at around 7 s compared to PDFOG- and control groups, and this response density peak correlated with gait abnormalities as measured by FOG scores. EEG data demonstrated that PDFOG + had decreased midfrontal delta-band power at the onset of the target cue, which was also correlated with maximum response density and FOG scores. In addition, our classifier performed better at discriminating PDFOG + from PDFOG- and controls with an area under the curve of 0.93 when midfrontal delta power was chosen as a feature. These findings suggest that abnormal midfrontal activity in PDFOG + is related to cognitive dysfunction and describe the mechanistic relationship between cognitive and gait functions in PDFOG + . Overall, these results could advance the development of novel biosignatures and brain stimulation approaches for PDFOG + .
Collapse
|
20
|
Cavanagh JF, Gregg D, Light GA, Olguin SL, Sharp RF, Bismark AW, Bhakta SG, Swerdlow NR, Brigman JL, Young JW. Electrophysiological biomarkers of behavioral dimensions from cross-species paradigms. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:482. [PMID: 34535625 PMCID: PMC8448772 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a fundamental failure to translate preclinically supported research into clinically efficacious treatments for psychiatric disorders. One of the greatest impediments toward improving this species gap has been the difficulty of identifying translatable neurophysiological signals that are related to specific behavioral constructs. Here, we present evidence from three paradigms that were completed by humans and mice using analogous procedures, with each task eliciting candidate a priori defined electrophysiological signals underlying effortful motivation, reinforcement learning, and cognitive control. The effortful motivation was assessed using a progressive ratio breakpoint task, yielding a similar decrease in alpha-band activity over time in both species. Reinforcement learning was assessed via feedback in a probabilistic learning task with delta power significantly modulated by reward surprise in both species. Additionally, cognitive control was assessed in the five-choice continuous performance task, yielding response-locked theta power seen across species, and modulated by difficulty in humans. Together, these successes, and also the teachings from these failures, provide a roadmap towards the use of electrophysiology as a method for translating findings from the preclinical assays to the clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Cavanagh
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - David Gregg
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Gregory A. Light
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804 USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708VISN-22 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Sarah L. Olguin
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Richard F. Sharp
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804 USA
| | - Andrew W. Bismark
- grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708VISN-22 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Savita G. Bhakta
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804 USA
| | - Neal R. Swerdlow
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804 USA
| | - Jonathan L. Brigman
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Jared W. Young
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804 USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708VISN-22 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Timing variability and midfrontal ~4 Hz rhythms correlate with cognition in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:14. [PMID: 33589640 PMCID: PMC7884691 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) can have significant cognitive dysfunction; however, the mechanisms for these cognitive symptoms are unknown. Here, we used scalp electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the cortical basis for PD-related cognitive impairments during interval timing, which requires participants to estimate temporal intervals of several seconds. Time estimation is an ideal task demand for investigating cognition in PD because it is simple, requires medial frontal cortical areas, and recruits basic executive processes such as working memory and attention. However, interval timing has never been systematically studied in PD patients with cognitive impairments. We report three main findings. First, 71 PD patients had increased temporal variability compared to 37 demographically matched controls, and this variability correlated with cognitive dysfunction as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Second, PD patients had attenuated ~4 Hz EEG oscillatory activity at midfrontal electrodes in response to the interval-onset cue, which was also predictive of MOCA. Finally, trial-by-trial linear mixed-effects modeling demonstrated that cue-triggered ~4 Hz power predicted subsequent temporal estimates as a function of PD and MOCA. Our data suggest that impaired cue-evoked midfrontal ~4 Hz activity predicts increased timing variability that is indicative of cognitive dysfunction in PD. These findings link PD-related cognitive dysfunction with cortical mechanisms of cognitive control, which could advance novel biomarkers and neuromodulation for PD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang Y, Lee SM, Imamura F, Gowda K, Amin S, Mailman RB. D1 dopamine receptors intrinsic activity and functional selectivity affect working memory in prefrontal cortex. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:645-655. [PMID: 30532019 PMCID: PMC9710464 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D1 agonists enhance cognition, but the role of different signaling pathways (e.g., cAMP or β-arrestin) is unclear. The current study compared 2-methyldihydrexidine and CY208,243, drugs with different degrees of both D1 intrinsic activity and functional selectivity. 2-Methyldihydrexidine is a full agonist at adenylate cyclase and a super-agonist at β-arrestin recruitment, whereas CY208,243 has relatively high intrinsic activity at adenylate cyclase, but much lower at β-arrestin recruitment. Both drugs decreased, albeit in dissimilar ways, the firing rate of neurons in prefrontal cortex sensitive to outcome-related aspects of a working memory task. 2-Methyldihydrexidine was superior to CY208,243 in prospectively enhancing similarity and retrospectively distinguishing differences between correct and error outcomes based on firing rates, enhancing the micro-network measured by oscillations of spikes and local field potentials, and improving behavioral performance. This study is the first to examine how ligand signaling bias affects both behavioral and neurophysiological endpoints in the intact animal. The data show that maximal enhancement of cognition via D1 activation occurred with a pattern of signaling that involved full unbiased intrinsic activity, or agonists with high β-arrestin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033
| | - Richard B. Mailman
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033.,Correspondence to: ,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mapping Large-Scale Networks Associated with Action, Behavioral Inhibition and Impulsivity. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0406-20.2021. [PMID: 33509949 PMCID: PMC7920541 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0406-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A key aspect of behavioral inhibition is the ability to wait before acting. Failures in this form of inhibition result in impulsivity and are commonly observed in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Prior evidence has implicated medial frontal cortex, motor cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and ventral striatum in various aspects of inhibition. Here, using distributed recordings of brain activity [with local-field potentials (LFPs)] in rodents, we identified oscillatory patterns of activity linked with action and inhibition. Low-frequency (δ) activity within motor and premotor circuits was observed in two distinct networks, the first involved in cued, sensory-based responses and the second more generally in both cued and delayed actions. By contrast, θ activity within prefrontal and premotor regions (medial frontal cortex, OFC, ventral striatum, and premotor cortex) was linked with inhibition. Connectivity at θ frequencies was observed within this network of brain regions. Interestingly, greater connectivity between primary motor cortex (M1) and other motor regions was linked with greater impulsivity, whereas greater connectivity between M1 and inhibitory brain regions (OFC, ventral striatum) was linked with improved inhibition and diminished impulsivity. We observed similar patterns of activity on a parallel task in humans: low-frequency activity in sensorimotor cortex linked with action, θ activity in OFC/ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) linked with inhibition. Thus, we show that δ and θ oscillations form distinct large-scale networks associated with action and inhibition, respectively.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Q, Weber MA, Narayanan NS. Medial prefrontal cortex and the temporal control of action. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 158:421-441. [PMID: 33785154 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Across species, the medial prefrontal cortex guides actions in time. This process can be studied using behavioral paradigms such as simple reaction-time and interval-timing tasks. Temporal control of action can be influenced by prefrontal neurotransmitters such as dopamine and acetylcholine and is highly relevant to human diseases such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We review evidence that across species, medial prefrontal lesions impair the temporal control of action. We then consider neurophysiological correlates in humans, primates, and rodents that might encode temporal processing and relate to cognitive-control mechanisms. These data have informed brain-stimulation studies in rodents and humans that can compensate for timing deficits. This line of work illuminates basic mechanisms of temporal control of action in the medial prefrontal cortex, which underlies a range of high-level cognitive processing and could contribute to new biomarkers and therapies for human brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Matthew A Weber
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Foran AM, Mathias JL, Bowden SC. Effectiveness of sorting tests for detecting cognitive decline in older adults with dementia and other common neurodegenerative disorders: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:442-454. [PMID: 33091417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The demand for simple, accurate and time-efficient screens to detect cognitive decline at point-of-care is increasing. Sorting tests are often used to detect the 'executive' deficits that are commonly associated with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), but their potential for use as a cognitive screen with older adults is unclear. A comprehensive search of four databases identified 142 studies that compared the sorting test performance (e.g. WCST, DKEFS-ST) of adults with a common neurodegenerative disorder (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, bvFTD, Parkinson's disease) and cognitively-healthy controls. Hedges' g effect sizes were used to compare the groups on five common test scores (Category, Total, Perseveration, Error, Description). The neurodegenerative disorders (combined) showed large deficits on all scores (g -1.0 to -1.3), with dementia (combined subtypes) performing more poorly (g -1.2 to -2.1), although bvFTD was not disproportionately worse than the other dementias. Overall, sorting tests detected the cognitive impairments caused by common neurodegenerative disorders, especially dementia, highlighting their potential suitability as a cognitive screen for older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Foran
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - J L Mathias
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - S C Bowden
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Q, Aldridge GM, Narayanan NS, Anderson SW, Uc EY. Approach to Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1495-1510. [PMID: 33205381 PMCID: PMC7851260 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and predicts poor clinical outcomes. It is associated primarily with pathologic involvement of basal forebrain cholinergic and prefrontal dopaminergic systems. Impairments in executive functions, attention, and visuospatial abilities are its hallmark features with eventual involvement of memory and other domains. Subtle symptoms in the premotor and early phases of PD progress to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which may be present at the time of diagnosis. Eventually, a large majority of PD patients develop dementia with advancing age and longer disease duration, which is usually accompanied by immobility, hallucinations/psychosis, and dysautonomia. Dopaminergic medications and deep brain stimulation help motor dysfunction, but may have potential cognitive side effects. Central acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and possibly memantine, provide modest and temporary symptomatic relief for dementia, although there is no evidence-based treatment for MCI. There is no proven disease-modifying treatment for cognitive impairment in PD. The symptomatic and disease-modifying role of physical exercise, cognitive training, and neuromodulation on cognitive impairment in PD is under investigation. Multidisciplinary approaches to cognitive impairment with effective treatment of comorbidities, proper rehabilitation, and maintenance of good support systems in addition to pharmaceutical treatment may improve the quality of life of the patients and caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive-2RCP, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| | - Georgina M. Aldridge
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive-2RCP, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Nandakumar S. Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive-2RCP, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Steven W. Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive-2RCP, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Ergun Y. Uc
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive-2RCP, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Emmons E, Tunes-Chiuffa G, Choi J, Bruce RA, Weber MA, Kim Y, Narayanan NS. Temporal Learning Among Prefrontal and Striatal Ensembles. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa058. [PMID: 34296121 PMCID: PMC8152894 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral flexibility requires the prefrontal cortex and striatum, but it is unclear if these structures play similar or distinct roles in adapting to novel circumstances. Here, we investigate neuronal ensembles in the medial frontal cortex (MFC) and the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) during one form of behavioral flexibility: learning a new temporal interval. We studied corticostriatal neuronal activity as rodents trained to respond after a 12-s fixed interval (FI12) learned to respond at a shorter 3-s fixed interval (FI3). On FI12 trials, we found that a key form of temporal processing—time-related ramping activity—decreased in the MFC but did not change in the DMS as animals learned to respond at a shorter interval. However, while MFC and DMS ramping was stable with successive days of two-interval performance, temporal decoding by DMS ensembles improved on FI3 trials. Finally, when comparing FI12 versus FI3 trials, we found that more DMS neurons than MFC neurons exhibited differential interval-related activity early in two-interval performance. These data suggest that the MFC and DMS play distinct roles during temporal learning and provide insight into corticostriatal circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Emmons
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | | | - Jeeyu Choi
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - R Austin Bruce
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew A Weber
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Youngcho Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim YC, Narayanan NS. Prefrontal D1 Dopamine-Receptor Neurons and Delta Resonance in Interval Timing. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2051-2060. [PMID: 29897417 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence has shown that prefrontal neurons expressing D1-type dopamine receptors (D1DRs) are critical for working memory, flexibility, and timing. This line of work predicts that frontal neurons expressing D1DRs mediate cognitive processing. During timing tasks, one form this cognitive processing might take is time-dependent ramping activity-monotonic changes in firing rate over time. Thus, we hypothesized the prefrontal D1DR+ neurons would strongly exhibit time-dependent ramping during interval timing. We tested this idea using an interval-timing task in which we used optogenetics to tag D1DR+ neurons in the mouse medial frontal cortex (MFC). While 23% of MFC D1DR+ neurons exhibited ramping, this was significantly less than untagged MFC neurons. By contrast, MFC D1DR+ neurons had strong delta-frequency (1-4 Hz) coherence with other MFC ramping neurons. This coherence was phase-locked to cue onset and was strongest early in the interval. To test the significance of these interactions, we optogenetically stimulated MFC D1DR+ neurons early versus late in the interval. We found that 2-Hz stimulation early in the interval was particularly effective in rescuing timing-related behavioral performance deficits in dopamine-depleted animals. These findings provide insight into MFC networks and have relevance for disorders such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Cho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anjum MF, Haug J, Alberico SL, Dasgupta S, Mudumbai R, Kennedy MA, Narayanan NS. Linear Predictive Approaches Separate Field Potentials in Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:394. [PMID: 32390797 PMCID: PMC7193738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) causes impaired movement and cognition. PD can involve profound changes in cortical and subcortical brain activity as measured by electroencephalography or intracranial recordings of local field potentials (LFP). Such signals can adaptively guide deep-brain stimulation (DBS) as part of PD therapy. However, adaptive DBS requires the identification of triggers of neuronal activity dependent on real time monitoring and analysis. Current methods do not always identify PD-related signals and can entail delays. We test an alternative approach based on linear predictive coding (LPC), which fits autoregressive (AR) models to time-series data. Parameters of these AR models can be calculated by fast algorithms in real time. We compare LFPs from the striatum in an animal model of PD with dopamine depletion in the absence and presence of the dopamine precursor levodopa, which is used to treat motor symptoms of PD. We show that in dopamine-depleted mice a first order AR model characterized by a single LPC parameter obtained by LFP sampling at 1 kHz for just 1 min can distinguish between levodopa-treated and saline-treated mice and outperform current methods. This suggests that LPC may be useful in online analysis of neuronal signals to guide DBS in real time and could contribute to DBS-based treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Fahim Anjum
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joshua Haug
- DISTek Integration Inc., Cedar Falls, IA, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Alberico
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Soura Dasgupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Computer Science Center, Jinan, China
| | - Raghuraman Mudumbai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Morgan A. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, Papajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nandakumar S. Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Papajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Güntekin B, Aktürk T, Yıldırım E, Yılmaz NH, Hanoğlu L, Yener G. Abnormalities in auditory and visual cognitive processes are differentiated with theta responses in patients with Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 153:65-79. [PMID: 32339563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The research on the abnormalities of event-related oscillations in Parkinson's disease (PD) was mostly studied with cognitively normal patients. The present study aims to show the adverse effects of cognitive decline in PD patients via the EEG-Brain Oscillations approach by comparing the electrophysiological responses in two modalities, i.e. auditory, and visual in which PD group show deficit. We conducted a study in which we analyzed event-related theta power and phase-locking during auditory and visual oddball paradigm. Cognitively normal PD (PDCN) patients (N = 15), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI) patients (N = 22), PD dementia (PDD) patients (N = 11) and healthy controls (HC) (N = 17) were included in the study. Neuropsychological assessments were applied to all participants. There was a gradual decrease in scores of neuropsychological tests (HC, PDCN, PDMCI, PDD, respectively). Most of the neuropsychological test scores of the participants were highly correlated with the theta power and theta phase locking values, especially over frontal-central areas. HC had higher theta phase-locking and power in comparison to PDMCI and PDD. The differentiation between HC and PDCN was specific to frontal-central areas. Theta power and theta phase-locking were decreased overall locations in PDMCI and PDD both during visual and auditory oddball paradigms compared with PDCN. The results indicate that theta responses in PD patients decreased gradually as the cognitive decline increased. We can conclude that complex abnormalities in their neurotransmitter and neuronal signal systems that occur with the progression of the disease could be responsible for these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Güntekin
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey; REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Aktürk
- Istanbul Medipol University, Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yıldırım
- Istanbul Medipol University, Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lütfü Hanoğlu
- REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- Dokuz Eylül University Medical School, Department of Neurology, Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylül University, Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Communication between the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area during a Cost-Benefit Reversal Task. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2353-2361.e3. [PMID: 30811986 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in value-based decision making, anticipation, and adaptation; however, how ACC activity modulates these behaviors is unclear. One possibility is via the ACC's connections with the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a dopaminergic region implicated in motivation and feedback processing. We tested this by monitoring ACC and VTA local field potentials in rats performing a cost-benefit reversal task that elicited both value-based and anticipatory choices. Partial directed coherence analyses revealed that elevated 4-Hz ACC-to-VTA signaling accompanied decisions that appeared to be anticipatory. ACC-to-VTA signaling also occurred post-reversal, consistent with it being involved in the initiation of non-default behavior. An analysis of 4-Hz signals in the other direction (VTA-to-ACC) revealed that it was elevated when the rats committed errors and that this signal was followed by behavioral adaptation. Together, these findings suggest that bidirectional communication between the ACC and VTA supports behavioral flexibility.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jaime S, Gu H, Sadacca BF, Stein EA, Cavazos JE, Yang Y, Lu H. Delta Rhythm Orchestrates the Neural Activity Underlying the Resting State BOLD Signal via Phase-amplitude Coupling. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:119-133. [PMID: 29161352 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous ongoing neuronal activity is a prominent feature of the mammalian brain. Temporal and spatial patterns of such ongoing activity have been exploited to examine large-scale brain network organization and function. However, the neurophysiological basis of this spontaneous brain activity as detected by resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) remains poorly understood. To this end, multi-site local field potentials (LFP) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI were simultaneously recorded in the rat striatum along with local pharmacological manipulation of striatal activity. Results demonstrate that delta (δ) band LFP power negatively, while beta (β) and gamma (γ) band LFPs positively correlated with BOLD fluctuation. Furthermore, there was strong cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), with the phase of δ LFPs significantly modulating the amplitude of the high frequency signal. Enhancing dopaminergic neuronal activity significantly reduced ventral striatal functional connectivity, δ LFP-BOLD correlation, and the PAC effect. These data suggest that different frequency bands of the LFP contribute distinctively to BOLD spontaneous fluctuation and that PAC is the organizing mechanism through which low frequency LFPs orchestrate neural activity that underlies resting state functional connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saul Jaime
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Brian F Sadacca
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jose E Cavazos
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh A, Cole RC, Espinoza AI, Brown D, Cavanagh JF, Narayanan NS. Frontal theta and beta oscillations during lower-limb movement in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:694-702. [PMID: 31991312 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have deficits in lower-limb functions such as gait, which involves both cognitive and motor dysfunction. In PD, theta and beta brain rhythms are associated with cognitive and motor functions, respectively. We tested the hypothesis that PD patients with lower-limb abnormalities would exhibit abnormal theta and beta rhythms in the mid-frontal cortical region during lower-limb action. METHODS This study included thirty-nine participants; 13 PD patients with FOG (PDFOG+), 13 without FOG (PDFOG-), and 13 demographically-matched controls. We recorded scalp electroencephalograms (EEG) during a lower-limb pedaling motor task, which required intentional initiation and stopping of a motor movement. RESULTS FOG scores were correlated with disease severity and cognition. PDFOG+ patients pedaled with reduced speed and decreased acceleration compared to PDFOG- patients and controls. PDFOG+ patients exhibited attenuated theta-band (4-8 Hz) power and increased beta-band (13-30 Hz) power at mid-frontal electrode Cz during pedaling. Frontal theta- and beta-band oscillations also correlated with motor and cognitive deficits. CONCLUSION Frontal theta and beta oscillations are predictors of lower-limb motor symptoms in PD and could be used to design neuromodulation for PD-related lower-limb abnormalities. SIGNIFICANCE These data provide insight into mechanisms of lower-limb dysfunction in PD with FOG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh
- Neurology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Rachel C Cole
- Neurology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Darin Brown
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - James F Cavanagh
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Singh A, Trapp NT, De Corte B, Cao S, Kingyon J, Boes AD, Parker KL. Cerebellar Theta Frequency Transcranial Pulsed Stimulation Increases Frontal Theta Oscillations in Patients with Schizophrenia. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:489-499. [PMID: 30825131 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a pervasive and disabling aspect of schizophrenia without adequate treatments. A recognized correlate to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is attenuated frontal theta oscillations. Neuromodulation to normalize these frontal rhythms represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluate whether noninvasive neuromodulation of the cerebellum in patients with schizophrenia can enhance frontal theta oscillations, with the future goal of targeting the cerebellum as a possible therapy for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. We stimulated the midline cerebellum using transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS), a noninvasive transcranial direct current that can be delivered in a frequency-specific manner. A single 20-min session of theta frequency stimulation was delivered in nine patients with schizophrenia (cathode on right shoulder). Delta frequency tPCS was also delivered as a control to evaluate for frequency-specific effects. EEG signals from midfrontal electrode Cz were analyzed before and after cerebellar tPCS while patients estimated the passage of 3- and 12-s intervals. Theta oscillations were significantly larger following theta frequency cerebellar tPCS in the midfrontal region, which was not seen with delta frequency stimulation. As previously reported, patients with schizophrenia showed a baseline reduction in accuracy estimating 3- and 12-s intervals relative to control subjects, which did not significantly improve following a single-session theta or delta frequency cerebellar tPCS. These preliminary results suggest that single-session theta frequency cerebellar tPCS may modulate task-related oscillatory activity in the frontal cortex in a frequency-specific manner. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation to evaluate whether multiple sessions delivered daily may have an impact on cognitive performance and have therapeutic implications for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas T Trapp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 2336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin De Corte
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Scarlett Cao
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Johnathon Kingyon
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Aaron D Boes
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Krystal L Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 2336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Iowa Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hornung T, Chan WH, Müller RA, Townsend J, Keehn B. Dopaminergic hypo-activity and reduced theta-band power in autism spectrum disorder: A resting-state EEG study. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:101-106. [PMID: 31669326 PMCID: PMC6933439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies using a variety of methodologies have reported inconsistent dopamine (DA) findings in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ranging from dopaminergic hypo- to hyper-activity. Theta-band power derived from scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EEG), which may be associated with dopamine levels in frontal cortex, has also been shown to be atypical in ASD. The present study examined spontaneous eye-blink rate (EBR), an indirect, non-invasive measure of central dopaminergic activity, and theta power in children with ASD to determine: 1) whether ASD may be associated with atypical DA levels, and 2) whether dopaminergic dysfunction may be associated with aberrant theta-band activation. METHOD Participants included thirty-two children with ASD and thirty-two age-, IQ-, and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children. Electroencephalography and eye-tracking data were acquired while participants completed an eyes-open resting-state session. Blinks were counted and EBR was determined by dividing blink frequency by session duration and theta power (4-7.5 Hz) was extracted from midline leads. RESULTS Eye-blink rate and theta-band activity were significantly reduced in children with ASD as compared to their TD peers. For all participants, greater midline theta power was associated with increased EBR (related to higher DA levels). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ASD may be associated with dopaminergic hypo-activity, and that this may contribute to atypical theta-band power. Lastly, EBR may be a useful tool to non-invasively index dopamine levels in ASD and could potentially have many clinical applications, including selecting treatment options and monitoring treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hornung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chan
- Research on Autism and Development Lab, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Ralph-Axel Müller
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Townsend
- Research on Autism and Development Lab, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Brandon Keehn
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America; Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Emmons EB, Kennedy M, Kim Y, Narayanan NS. Corticostriatal stimulation compensates for medial frontal inactivation during interval timing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14371. [PMID: 31591426 PMCID: PMC6779764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal dysfunction is a common feature of brain diseases such as schizophrenia and contributes to deficits in executive functions, including working memory, attention, flexibility, inhibitory control, and timing of behaviors. Currently, few interventions improve prefrontal function. Here, we tested whether stimulating the axons of prefrontal neurons in the striatum could compensate for deficits in temporal processing related to prefrontal dysfunction. We used an interval-timing task that requires working memory for temporal rules and attention to the passage of time. Our previous work showed that inactivation of the medial frontal cortex (MFC) impairs interval timing and attenuates ramping activity, a key form of temporal processing in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS). We found that 20-Hz optogenetic stimulation of MFC axon terminals increased curvature of time-response histograms and improved interval-timing behavior. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of terminals modulated time-related ramping of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. These data suggest that corticostriatal stimulation can compensate for deficits caused by MFC inactivation and they imply that frontostriatal projections are sufficient for controlling responses in time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Emmons
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morgan Kennedy
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Youngcho Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Heskje J, Heslin K, De Corte BJ, Walsh KP, Kim Y, Han S, Carlson ES, Parker KL. Cerebellar D1DR-expressing neurons modulate the frontal cortex during timing tasks. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 170:107067. [PMID: 31404656 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that the cerebellum plays an integral role in cognitive function through its interactions with association cortices like the medial frontal cortex (MFC). It is unknown precisely how the cerebellum influences the frontal cortex and what type of information is reciprocally relayed between these two regions. A subset of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nuclei, or the homologous lateral cerebellar nuclei (LCN) in rodents, express D1 dopamine receptors (D1DRs) and may play a role in cognitive processes. We investigated how pharmacologically blocking LCN D1DRs influences performance in an interval timing task and impacts neuronal activity in the frontal cortex. Interval timing requires executive processes such as working memory, attention, and planning and is known to rely on both the frontal cortex and cerebellum. In our interval timing task, male rats indicated their estimates of the passage of a period of several seconds by making lever presses for a water reward. We have shown that a cue-evoked burst of low-frequency activity in the MFC initiates ramping activity (i.e., monotonic increases or decreases of firing rate over time) in single MFC neurons. These patterns of activity are associated with successful interval timing performance. Here we explored how blocking right LCN D1DRs with the D1DR antagonist SCH23390 influences timing performance and neural activity in the contralateral (left) MFC. Our results indicate that blocking LCN D1DRs impaired some measures of interval timing performance. Additionally, ramping activity of MFC single units was significantly attenuated. These data provide insight into how catecholamines in the LCN may drive MFC neuronal dynamics to influence cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Heskje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kelsey Heslin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Benjamin J De Corte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kyle P Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Youngcho Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Sangwoo Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, United States
| | - Krystal L Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen W, de Hemptinne C, Leibbrand M, Miller AM, Larson PS, Starr PA. Altered Prefrontal Theta and Gamma Activity during an Emotional Face Processing Task in Parkinson Disease. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1768-1776. [PMID: 31322465 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) often experience nonmotor symptoms including cognitive deficits, depression, and anxiety. Cognitive and affective processes are thought to be mediated by prefrontal cortico-basal ganglia circuitry. However, the topography and neurophysiology of prefrontal cortical activity during complex tasks are not well characterized. We used high-resolution electrocorticography in pFC of patients with PD and essential tremor, during implantation of deep brain stimulator leads in the awake state, to understand disease-specific changes in prefrontal activity during an emotional face processing task. We found that patients with PD had less task-related theta-alpha power and greater task-related gamma power in the dorsolateral pFC, inferior frontal cortex, and lateral OFC. These findings support a model of prefrontal neurophysiological changes in the dopamine-depleted state, in which focal areas of hyperactivity in prefrontal cortical regions may compensate for impaired long-range interactions mediated by low-frequency rhythms. These distinct neurophysiological changes suggest that nonmotor circuits undergo characteristic changes in PD.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang Q, Jung D, Larson T, Kim Y, Narayanan NS. Scopolamine and Medial Frontal Stimulus-Processing during Interval Timing. Neuroscience 2019; 414:219-227. [PMID: 31299344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) involve loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. Here, we investigate how cholinergic dysfunction impacts the frontal cortex during interval timing, a process that can be impaired in PD and AD patients. Interval timing requires participants to estimate an interval of several seconds by making a motor response, and depends on the medial frontal cortex (MFC), which is richly innervated by basal forebrain cholinergic projections. Past work has shown that scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, reliably impairs interval timing. We tested the hypothesis that scopolamine would attenuate time-related ramping, a key form of temporal processing in the MFC. We recorded neuronal ensembles from eight mice during performance of a 12-s fixed-interval timing task, which was impaired by the administration of scopolamine. Consistent with past work, scopolamine impaired timing. To our surprise, we found that time-related ramping was unchanged, but stimulus-related activity was enhanced in the MFC. Principal component analyses revealed no consistent changes in time-related ramping components, but did reveal changes in higher components. Taken together, these data indicate that scopolamine changes stimulus processing rather than temporal processing in the MFC. These data could help understand how cholinergic dysfunction affects cortical circuits in diseases such as PD, DLB, and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Dennis Jung
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Travis Larson
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Youngcho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Functional anatomy in frontal cortex has been elusive and controversial. A new study combines neuronal ensemble recordings and optogenetics to map a functional gradient in rodent prefrontal cortex that supports inhibitory control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Mark Laubach
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kelley R, Flouty O, Emmons EB, Kim Y, Kingyon J, Wessel JR, Oya H, Greenlee JD, Narayanan NS. A human prefrontal-subthalamic circuit for cognitive control. Brain 2019; 141:205-216. [PMID: 29190362 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus is a key site controlling motor function in humans. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus can improve movements in patients with Parkinson's disease; however, for unclear reasons, it can also have cognitive effects. Here, we show that the human subthalamic nucleus is monosynaptically connected with cognitive brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex. Single neurons and field potentials in the subthalamic nucleus are modulated during cognitive processing and are coherent with 4-Hz oscillations in medial prefrontal cortex. These data predict that low-frequency deep brain stimulation may alleviate cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease patients. In line with this idea, we found that novel 4-Hz deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improved cognitive performance. These data support a role for the human hyperdirect pathway in cognitive control, which could have relevance for brain-stimulation therapies aimed at cognitive symptoms of human brain disease.awx300media15660002226001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kelley
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Oliver Flouty
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric B Emmons
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Youngcho Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Johnathan Kingyon
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jan R Wessel
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Oya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeremy D Greenlee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cavanagh JF. Electrophysiology as a theoretical and methodological hub for the neural sciences. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13314. [PMID: 30556196 PMCID: PMC6687291 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiology is a direct measure of neuronal processes, and it is uniquely sensitive to canonical neural operations that underlie emergent psychological operations. These qualities make it well suited for discovery of aberrant neural mechanisms that underlie complicated disease states. This technique is routinely utilized in vitro, in vivo, and in outpatient neurological clinics, offering a translatable bridge between animal models and human patients. The bench-to-bedside potential of this approach is unparalleled, yet it also remains undeveloped due to the slow inertia of legacy techniques and interpretations. In this review, I discuss these strengths of the method, and I detail compelling reasons why future advancements can have a direct and tangible influence over clinical practice. I hope to motivate a blurring of traditional boundaries between preclinical, computational, imaging, and clinical fields by advancing electrophysiology as a common hub for methodological integration and theoretical advancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pathania A, Leiker AM, Euler M, Miller MW, Lohse KR. Challenge, motivation, and effort: Neural and behavioral correlates of self-control of difficulty during practice. Biol Psychol 2019; 141:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
44
|
What, If Anything, Is Rodent Prefrontal Cortex? eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-REV-0315-18. [PMID: 30406193 PMCID: PMC6220587 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0315-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) means different things to different people. In recent years, there has been a major increase in publications on the PFC, especially using mice. However, inconsistencies in the nomenclature and anatomical boundaries of PFC areas has made it difficult for researchers to compare data and interpret findings across species. We conducted a meta-analysis of publications on the PFC of humans and rodents and found dramatic differences in the focus of research on these species. In addition, we compared anatomical terms and criteria across several common rodent brain atlases and found inconsistencies among, and even within, leading atlases. To assess the impact of these issues on the research community, we conducted a survey of established PFC researchers on their use of anatomical terms and found little consensus. We report on the results of the survey and propose an alternative scheme for interpreting data from rodent studies, based on structural analysis of the corpus callosum and nomenclature used in research on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of primates.
Collapse
|
45
|
Grandi LC, Kaelin-Lang A, Orban G, Song W, Salvadè A, Stefani A, Di Giovanni G, Galati S. Oscillatory Activity in the Cortex, Motor Thalamus and Nucleus Reticularis Thalami in Acute TTX and Chronic 6-OHDA Dopamine-Depleted Animals. Front Neurol 2018; 9:663. [PMID: 30210425 PMCID: PMC6122290 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The motor thalamus (MTh) and the nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT) have been largely neglected in Parkinson's disease (PD) research, despite their key role as interface between basal ganglia (BG) and cortex (Cx). In the present study, we investigated the oscillatory activity within the Cx, MTh, and NRT, in normal and different dopamine (DA)-deficient states. We performed our experiments in both acute and chronic DA-denervated rats by injecting into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) tetrodotoxin (TTX) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), respectively. Interestingly, almost all the electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency bands changed in acute and/or chronic DA depletion, suggesting alteration of all oscillatory activities and not of a specific band. Overall, δ (2-4 Hz) and θ (4-8 Hz) band decreased in NRT and Cx in acute and chronic state, whilst, α (8-13 Hz) band decreased in acute and chronic states in the MTh and NRT but not in the Cx. The β (13-40 Hz) and γ (60-90 Hz) bands were enhanced in the Cx. In the NRT the β bands decreased, except for high-β (Hβ, 25-30 Hz) that increased in acute state. In the MTh, Lβ and Hβ decreased in acute DA depletion state and γ decreased in both TTX and 6-OHDA-treated animals. These results confirm that abnormal cortical β band are present in the established DA deficiency and it might be considered a hallmark of PD. The abnormal oscillatory activity in frequency interval of other bands, in particular the dampening of low frequencies in thalamic stations, in both states of DA depletion might also underlie PD motor and non-motor symptoms. Our data highlighted the effects of acute depletion of DA and the strict interplay in the oscillatory activity between the MTh and NRT in both acute and chronic stage of DA depletion. Moreover, our findings emphasize early alterations in the NRT, a crucial station for thalamic information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Grandi
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Kaelin-Lang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Taverne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gergely Orban
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Song
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Agnese Salvadè
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Department System Medicine, UOSD Parkinson, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Taverne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Elston TW, Kalhan S, Bilkey DK. Conflict and adaptation signals in the anterior cingulate cortex and ventral tegmental area. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11732. [PMID: 30082775 PMCID: PMC6079061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration and utilization of feedback in order to determine which decision strategy to use in different contexts is the core of executive function. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is central to these processes but how feedback is made available to the ACC is unclear. To address this question, we trained rats with implants in the ACC and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a dopaminergic brain region implicated in feedback processing, in a spatial decision reversal task with rule switching occurring approximately every 12 trials. Following a rule switch, the rats had to shift and sustain responses to the alternative side in order to obtain reward. Partial directed coherence (PDC) models of signal directionality between the ACC and VTA indicated that VTA → ACC communication (near 4 Hz) increased immediately prior to incorrect choices and during post-error decisions. This increase did not occur during correct choices. These data indicate that the VTA provides a feedback-driven, bottom-up modulating signal to the ACC which may be involved in assessing, and correcting for, decision conflict.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Elston
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. .,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. .,Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Shivam Kalhan
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - David K Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Singh A, Richardson SP, Narayanan N, Cavanagh JF. Mid-frontal theta activity is diminished during cognitive control in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:113-122. [PMID: 29802866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mid-frontal theta activity underlies cognitive control. These 4-8 Hz rhythms are modulated by cortical dopamine and can be abnormal in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we investigated mid-frontal theta deficits in PD patients during a task explicitly involving cognitive control. We collected scalp EEG from high-performing PD patients and demographically matched controls during performance of a modified Simon reaction-time task. This task involves cognitive control to adjudicate response conflict and error-related adjustments. Task performance of PD patients was indistinguishable from controls, but PD patients had less mid-frontal theta modulations around cues and responses. Critically, PD patients had attenuated mid-frontal theta activity specifically associated with response conflict and post-error processing. These signals were unaffected by medication or motor scores. Post-error mid-frontal theta activity was correlated with disease duration. Classification of control vs. PD from these data resulted in a specificity of 69% and a sensitivity of 72%. These findings help define the scope of mid-frontal theta aberrations during cognitive control in PD, and may provide insight into the nature of PD-related cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | | | - James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bernosky-Smith KA, Qiu YY, Feja M, Lee YB, Loughlin B, Li JX, Bass CE. Ventral tegmental area D2 receptor knockdown enhances choice impulsivity in a delay-discounting task in rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 341:129-134. [PMID: 29287910 PMCID: PMC5901913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity associated with abnormal dopamine (DA) function has been observed in several disorders, including addiction. Choice impulsivity is the preference for small, immediate rewards over larger rewards after a delay, caused by excessive discounting of future rewards. Addicts have abnormally high discount rates and prefer the smaller rewards sooner. While impulsivity has been inversely correlated with DA D2 receptor (D2R) availability in the midbrain and striatum, it is difficult to mechanistically link the two, due to the diverse neuroanatomical localization of D2Rs, which are found throughout the brain, in many types of neurons and neuronal subcompartments. To determine if ventral tegmental area (VTA) D2R hypofunction is linked to impulsivity, we knocked down D2 receptors from the VTA, using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector that delivers short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeted against the D2R. The D2R knockdown is restricted to neurons whose cell bodies reside in the VTA, leaving postsynaptic D2Rs intact in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and other mesocorticolimbic structures. Rats were trained in a delay-discounting task to assess impulsive choice until a stable discounting curve was obtained, and then received bilateral VTA infusions of the D2R shRNA or a scrambled control virus. Over the next six weeks, the discounting curve of the VTA D2R knockdown rats shifted to the left, indicating a preference for the smaller, immediate reward, whereas the curve for control rats remained stable and unchanged. Together these results demonstrate that a decrease in VTA D2Rs enhances choice impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Bernosky-Smith
- D'Youville College, Department of Biology and Mathematics, 320 Porter Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA
| | - Yan-Yan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Yun Beom Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Brian Loughlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Caroline E Bass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mioni G, Capizzi M, Vallesi A, Correa Á, Di Giacopo R, Stablum F. Dissociating Explicit and Implicit Timing in Parkinson's Disease Patients: Evidence from Bisection and Foreperiod Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:17. [PMID: 29467632 PMCID: PMC5808217 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A consistent body of literature reported that Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by severe deficits in temporal processing. However, the exact nature of timing problems in PD patients is still elusive. In particular, what remains unclear is whether the temporal dysfunction observed in PD patients regards explicit and/or implicit timing. Explicit timing tasks require participants to attend to the duration of the stimulus, whereas in implicit timing tasks no explicit instruction to process time is received but time still affects performance. In the present study, we investigated temporal ability in PD by comparing 20 PD participants and 20 control participants in both explicit and implicit timing tasks. Specifically, we used a time bisection task to investigate explicit timing and a foreperiod task for implicit timing. Moreover, this is the first study investigating sequential effects in PD participants. Results showed preserved temporal ability in PD participants in the implicit timing task only (i.e., normal foreperiod and sequential effects). By contrast, PD participants failed in the explicit timing task as they displayed shorter perceived durations and higher variability compared to controls. Overall, the dissociation reported here supports the idea that timing can be differentiated according to whether it is explicitly or implicitly processed, and that PD participants are selectively impaired in the explicit processing of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, Venice, Italy
| | - Ángel Correa
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raffaella Di Giacopo
- Institute of Neurology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Franca Stablum
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Separating the effect of reward from corrective feedback during learning in patients with Parkinson's disease. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:678-695. [PMID: 28397140 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with procedural learning deficits. Nonetheless, studies have demonstrated that reward-related learning is comparable between patients with PD and controls (Bódi et al., Brain, 132(9), 2385-2395, 2009; Frank, Seeberger, & O'Reilly, Science, 306(5703), 1940-1943, 2004; Palminteri et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(45), 19179-19184, 2009). However, because these studies do not separate the effect of reward from the effect of practice, it is difficult to determine whether the effect of reward on learning is distinct from the effect of corrective feedback on learning. Thus, it is unknown whether these group differences in learning are due to reward processing or learning in general. Here, we compared the performance of medicated PD patients to demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) on a task where the effect of reward can be examined separately from the effect of practice. We found that patients with PD showed significantly less reward-related learning improvements compared to HCs. In addition, stronger learning of rewarded associations over unrewarded associations was significantly correlated with smaller skin-conductance responses for HCs but not PD patients. These results demonstrate that when separating the effect of reward from the effect of corrective feedback, PD patients do not benefit from reward.
Collapse
|