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Kesner AJ, Lovinger DM. Cannabis use, abuse, and withdrawal: Cannabinergic mechanisms, clinical, and preclinical findings. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1674-1696. [PMID: 33891706 PMCID: PMC9291571 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is the most widely used illicit drug in the world. Its main psychoactive component is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of over 100 phytocannabinoid compounds produced by the cannabis plant. THC is the primary compound that drives cannabis abuse potential and is also used and prescribed medically for therapeutic qualities. Despite its therapeutic potential, a significant subpopulation of frequent cannabis or THC users will develop a drug use syndrome termed cannabis use disorder. Individuals suffering from cannabis use disorder exhibit many of the hallmarks of classical addictions including cravings, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms. Currently, there are no efficacious treatments for cannabis use disorder or withdrawal symptoms. This makes both clinical and preclinical research on the neurobiological mechanisms of these syndromes ever more pertinent. Indeed, basic research using animal models has provided valuable evidence of the neural molecular and cellular actions of cannabis that mediate its behavioral effects. One of the main components being central action on the cannabinoid type-one receptor and downstream intracellular signaling related to the endogenous cannabinoid system. Back-translational studies have provided insight linking preclinical basic and behavioral biology research to better understand symptoms observed at the clinical level. This narrative review aims to summarize major research elucidating the molecular, cellular, and behavioral manifestations of cannabis/THC use that play a role in cannabis use disorder and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Kesner
- Laboratory for Integrative NeuroscienceNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismCenter on Compulsive BehaviorsNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative NeuroscienceNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismCenter on Compulsive BehaviorsNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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2
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Colangeli R, Teskey GC, Di Giovanni G. Endocannabinoid-serotonin systems interaction in health and disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:83-134. [PMID: 33541682 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid (eCB) and serotonin (5-HT) neuromodulatory systems work both independently and together to finely orchestrate neuronal activity throughout the brain to strongly sculpt behavioral functions. Surprising parallelism between the behavioral effects of 5-HT and eCB activity has been widely reported, including the regulation of emotional states, stress homeostasis, cognitive functions, food intake and sleep. The distribution pattern of the 5-HT system and the eCB molecular elements in the brain display a strong overlap and several studies report a functional interplay and even a tight interdependence between eCB/5-HT signaling. In this review, we examine the available evidence of the interaction between the eCB and 5-HT systems. We first introduce the eCB system, then we describe the eCB/5-HT crosstalk at the neuronal and synaptic levels. Finally, we explore the potential eCB/5-HT interaction at the behavioral level with the implication for psychiatric and neurological disorders. The precise elucidation of how this neuromodulatory interaction dynamically regulates biological functions may lead to the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders, psychosis and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Colangeli
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Neuromodulators and Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Learning and Memory: A Steered-Glutamatergic Perspective. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110300. [PMID: 31683595 PMCID: PMC6896105 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways underlying the induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic plasticity have been extensively investigated revealing various mechanisms by which neurons control their synaptic strength. The dynamic nature of neuronal connections combined with plasticity-mediated long-lasting structural and functional alterations provide valuable insights into neuronal encoding processes as molecular substrates of not only learning and memory but potentially other sensory, motor and behavioural functions that reflect previous experience. However, one key element receiving little attention in the study of synaptic plasticity is the role of neuromodulators, which are known to orchestrate neuronal activity on brain-wide, network and synaptic scales. We aim to review current evidence on the mechanisms by which certain modulators, namely dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline and serotonin, control synaptic plasticity induction through corresponding metabotropic receptors in a pathway-specific manner. Lastly, we propose that neuromodulators control plasticity outcomes through steering glutamatergic transmission, thereby gating its induction and maintenance.
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Scheyer AF, Manzoni OJ. The Map and the Territory: Mapping the Territory Regulated by Serotonergic Signaling at Striatal Projection Neurons. Neuron 2019; 98:679-680. [PMID: 29772198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Cavaccini et al. (2018) identify and thoroughly describe a previously unknown role for hyper-localized serotonergic signaling in the modulation of striatal projection neuron plasticity using electrophysiological, chemogenetic, and optogenetic approaches in addition to advanced imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Scheyer
- INMED, INSERM U901, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, INSERM-Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Olivier J Manzoni
- INMED, INSERM U901, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, INSERM-Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Gharib A, Komaki A, Manoochehri Khoshinani H, Saidijam M, Barkley V, Sarihi A, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. Intrahippocampal 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist inhibits the improving effect of low-frequency stimulation on memory impairment in kindled rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:109-117. [PMID: 30902574 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its anticonvulsant effect, low frequency stimulation (LFS) improves learning and memory in kindled animals. In the present study, the role of 5-HT1A receptors in mediating LFS' improving effect on spatial learning and memory was investigated in amygdala-kindled rats. Amygdala kindling was conducted in a semi-rapid kindling stimulations (12 stimulations per day) in male Wistar rats. LFS (4 trains of 0.1 ms pulse duration at 1 Hz, 200 pulses, 50-150 μA, at 5 min intervals) was applied after termination of kindling stimulations. NAD-299 (a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist; 2.5 and 5 μg/μl) was microinjected into the hippocampal CA1 before applying LFS. The Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tests were conducted after the last kindling stimulation. Hippocampal samples were also prepared, and 5-HT1A receptor gene expression levels were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. In kindled animals, LFS reduced impairments in spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Microinjection of NAD doses of 5 μg/μl reduced the effects of LFS on learning and memory. The gene expression level of 5-HT1A receptors increased significantly in the hippocampus of amygdala-kindled rats. However, LFS applied after kindling stimulations inhibited this effect. It seems that activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the CA1 field is necessary for LFS' improving effects on spatial learning and memory in kindled animals; although surprisingly, LFS application prevented the elevation in gene expression of 5-HT1A receptors in kindled animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gharib
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Manoochehri Khoshinani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Victoria Barkley
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Colangeli R, Di Maio R, Pierucci M, Deidda G, Casarrubea M, Di Giovanni G. Synergistic action of CB 1 and 5-HT 2B receptors in preventing pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:135-145. [PMID: 30716469 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and serotonin (5-HT) play a neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system. Both eCBs and 5-HT regulate neuronal excitability and their pharmacological potentiation has been shown to control seizures in pre-clinical and human studies. Compelling evidence indicates that eCB and 5-HT systems interact to modulate several physiological and pathological brain functions, such as food intake, pain, drug addiction, depression, and anxiety. Nevertheless, there is no evidence of an eCB/5-HT interaction in experimental and human epilepsies, including status epilepticus (SE). Here, we performed video-EEG recording in behaving rats treated with the pro-convulsant agent pilocarpine (PILO), in order to study the effect of the activation of CB1/5-HT2 receptors and their interaction on SE. Synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN) decreased behavioral seizure severity of PILO-induced SE at 2 mg/kg (but not at 1 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.), while 5-HT2B/2C receptor agonist RO60-0175 (RO; 1, 3, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was devoid of any effect. RO 3 mg/kg was instead capable of potentiating the effect of WIN 2 mg/kg on the Racine scale score. Surprisingly, neither WIN 2 mg/kg nor RO 3 mg/kg had any effect on the incidence and the intensity of EEG seizures when administered alone. However, WIN+RO co-administration reduced the incidence and the severity of EEG SE and increased the latency to SE onset after PILO injection. WIN+RO effects were blocked by the selective CB1R antagonist AM251 and the 5-HT2BR antagonist RS127445, but not by the 5-HT2CR antagonist SB242084 or the 5-HT2AR antagonist MDL11,939. These data revealed a synergistic interaction between CB1R/5-HT2BR in the expression of PILO-induced SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Colangeli
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Inst. for Neurodegenerative Dis., Dept. of Neurology, Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Massimo Pierucci
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Gabriele Deidda
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Maurizio Casarrubea
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Physiology Section "Giuseppe Pagano", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Turner BD, Kashima DT, Manz KM, Grueter CA, Grueter BA. Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens: Lessons Learned from Experience. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2114-2126. [PMID: 29280617 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity contributes to behavioral adaptations. As a key node in the reward pathway, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is important for determining motivation-to-action outcomes. Across animal models of motivation including addiction, depression, anxiety, and hedonic feeding, selective recruitment of neuromodulatory signals and plasticity mechanisms have been a focus of physiologists and behaviorists alike. Experience-dependent plasticity mechanisms within the NAc vary depending on the distinct afferents and cell-types over time. A greater understanding of molecular mechanisms determining how these changes in synaptic strength track with behavioral adaptations will provide insight into the process of learning and memory along with identifying maladaptations underlying pathological behavior. Here, we summarize recent findings detailing how changes in NAc synaptic strength and mechanisms of plasticity manifest in various models of motivational disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Turner
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Daniel T. Kashima
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kevin M. Manz
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie A. Grueter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Brad A. Grueter
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Gharib A, Sayyahi Z, Komaki A, Barkley V, Sarihi A, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. The role of 5-HT 1A receptors of hippocampal CA1 region in anticonvulsant effects of low-frequency stimulation in amygdala kindled rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 196:119-125. [PMID: 30179595 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has been proposed as a method in the treatment of epilepsy, but its anticonvulsant mechanism is still unknown. In the current study, the hippocampal CA1 region was microinjected with NAD-299 (a selective 5-HT1A antagonist), and its role in mediating the inhibitory action of LFS on amygdala kindling was investigated. Male Wistar rats were kindled by amygdala stimulation in a semi-rapid kindling manner (12 stimulations per day). LFS (0.1 ms pulse duration at 1 Hz, 200 pulses, 50-150 μA) was applied at 5 min after termination of daily kindling stimulations. NAD (a selective 5-HT1A antagonist) was microinjected into the CA1 region of the hippocampus at the doses of 2.5 and 5 μg/1 μl. An open field test was also run to determine the motor activity of animals in different experimental groups. The application of LFS following daily kindling stimulations reduced the behavioral seizure stages, afterdischarge duration, and stage 5 seizure duration and increased the latency to stage 4 seizure compared to the kindled group. However, microinjection of NAD at the doses of 5 μg/1 μl, but not 2.5 μg/1 μl, blocked the inhibitory effect of LFS on behavioral and electrophysiological parameters in kindled animals. It could be presumed that 5-HT1A receptors in the CA1 area are involved in mediating the antiepileptic effects of LFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gharib
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Sayyahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Victoria Barkley
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Antiepileptic drugs as analgesics/adjuvants in inflammatory pain: current preclinical evidence. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:42-64. [PMID: 29909236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is the most common type of pain that is treated clinically. The use of currently available treatments (classic analgesics - NSAIDs, paracetamol and opioids) is limited by insufficient efficacy and/or side effects/tolerance development. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used in neuropathic pain treatment, but there is substantial preclinical evidence on their efficacy against inflammatory pain, too. In this review we focus on gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) and dibenzazepine AEDs (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and recently introduced eslicarbazepine acetate) and their potential for relieving inflammatory pain. In models of somatic, visceral and trigeminal inflammatory pain, that have a translational value for inflammatory conditions in locomotor system, viscera and head/face, AEDs have demonstrated analgesic activity. This activity was mostly consistent, dependent on the dose and largely independent on the site of inflammation and method of its induction, nociceptive stimuli, species, specific drug used, its route of administration and dosing schedule. AEDs exerted comparable efficacy with classic analgesics. Effective doses of AEDs are lower than toxic doses in animals and, when expressed as equivalent human doses, they are largely overlapping with AEDs doses already used in humans for treating epilepsy/neuropathic pain. The main mechanism of antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic action of gabapentinoids in inflammatory pain models seems to be α2δ-dependent suppression of voltage-gated calcium channels in primary sensory neurons that leads to reduced release of neurotransmitters in the spinal/medullar dorsal horn. The suppression of NMDA receptors via co-agonist binding site primarily at spinal sites, activation of various types of K+ channels at spinal and peripheral sites, and activation of noradrenergic and serotonergic descending pain modulatory pathways may also contribute. Inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels along the pain pathway is probably the main mechanism of antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic effects of dibenzazepines. The recruitment of peripheral adrenergic and purinergic mechanisms and central GABAergic mechanisms may also contribute. When co-administered with classic/other alternative analgesics, AEDs exerted synergistic/additive interactions. Reviewed data could serve as a basis for clinical studies on the efficacy/safety of AEDs as analgesics/adjuvants in patients with inflammatory pain, and contribute to the improvement of the treatment of various inflammatory pain states.
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Expression and localization of CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH in the vervet monkey nucleus accumbens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8689. [PMID: 29875385 PMCID: PMC5989267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive rodent literature suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system present in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) modulates dopamine (DA) release in this area. However, expression patterns of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), the synthesizing enzyme N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), and the degradation enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the NAc have not yet been described in non-human primates. The goal of this study is therefore to characterize the expression and localization of the eCB system within the NAc of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) using Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Results show that CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH are expressed across the NAc rostrocaudal axis, both in the core and shell. CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH are localized in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons (FSIs). Dopaminergic projections and astrocytes did not express CB1R, NAPE-PLD, or FAAH. These data show that the eCB system is present in the vervet monkey NAc and supports its role in the primate brain reward circuit.
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Changes in the cannabinoids receptors in rats following treatment with antidepressants. Neurotoxicology 2017; 63:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor contributes to suppression of spinal nociceptive transmission and inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity by Aβ-fiber stimulation. Pain 2017; 157:2582-2593. [PMID: 27589093 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Aβ-fibers is an intrinsic feature of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) pain therapy. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is important to neuronal plasticity and pain modulation, but its role in SCS-induced pain inhibition remains unclear. In this study, we showed that CB1 receptors are expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons in substantia gelatinosa (SG). Patch-clamp recording of the evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in mice after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) showed that electrical stimulation of Aβ-fibers (Aβ-ES) using clinical SCS-like parameters (50 Hz, 0.2 millisecond, 10 μA) induced prolonged depression of eEPSCs to C-fiber inputs in SG neurons. Pretreatment with CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (2 μM) reduced the inhibition of C-eEPSCs by Aβ-ES in both excitatory and inhibitory SG neurons. We further determined the net effect of Aβ-ES on spinal nociceptive transmission in vivo by recording spinal local field potential in SNL rats. Epidural SCS (50 Hz, Aβ-plateau, 5 minutes) attenuated C-fiber-evoked local field potential. This effect of SCS was partially reduced by spinal topical application of AM251 (25 μg, 50 μL), but not CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 (100 μg). Finally, intrathecal pretreatment with AM251 (50 μg, 15 μL) in SNL rats blocked the inhibition of behavioral mechanical hypersensitivity by SCS (50 Hz, 0.2 millisecond; 80% of motor threshold, 60 minutes). Our findings suggest that activation of spinal CB1 receptors may contribute to synaptic depression to high-threshold afferent inputs in SG neurons after Aβ-ES and may be involved in SCS-induced inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission after nerve injury.
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Delis F, Rosko L, Shroff A, Leonard KE, Thanos PK. Oral haloperidol or olanzapine intake produces distinct and region-specific increase in cannabinoid receptor levels that is prevented by high fat diet. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:268-280. [PMID: 28619471 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies show higher levels of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) in the brain of schizophrenic patients while preclinical studies report a significant functional interaction between dopamine D2 receptors and CB1Rs as well as an upregulation of CB1Rs after antipsychotic treatment. These findings prompted us to study the effects of chronic oral intake of a first and a second generation antipsychotic, haloperidol and olanzapine, on the levels and distribution of CB1Rs in the rat brain. Rats consumed either regular chow or high-fat food and drank water, haloperidol drinking solution (1.5mg/kg), or olanzapine drinking solution (10mg/kg) for four weeks. Motor and cognitive functions were tested at the end of treatment week 3 and upon drug discontinuation. Two days after drug discontinuation, rats were euthanized and brains were processed for in vitro receptor autoradiography. In chow-fed animals, haloperidol and olanzapine increased CB1R levels in the basal ganglia and the hippocampus, in a similar, but not identical pattern. In addition, olanzapine had unique effects in CB1R upregulation in higher order cognitive areas, in the secondary somatosensory cortex, in the visual and auditory cortices and the geniculate nuclei, as well as in the hypothalamus. High fat food consumption prevented antipsychotic-induced increase in CB1R levels in all regions examined, with one exception, the globus pallidus, in which they were higher in haloperidol-treated rats. The results point towards the hypothesis that increased CB1R levels could be a confounding effect of antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia that is circumveneted by high fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Delis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lauren Rosko
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Aditya Shroff
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Kenneth E Leonard
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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14
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Li YH, Han L, Wu KLK, Chan YS. Activation of 5-HT 7 receptors reverses NMDA-R-dependent LTD by activating PKA in medial vestibular neurons. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:242-248. [PMID: 28483393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) is a major output station for neurons that project to the vestibulo-spinal pathway. MVN neurons show capacity for long-term depression (LTD) during the juvenile period. We investigated LTD of MVN neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. High frequency stimulation (HFS) robustly induced LTD in 90% of type B neurons in the MVN, while only 10% of type A neurons were responsive, indicating that type B neurons are the major contributors to LTD in the MVN. The neuromodulator serotonin (5-HT) is known to modulate LTD in neural circuits of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. We therefore aim to determine the action of 5-HT on the LTD of type B MVN neurons and elucidate the relevant 5-HT receptor subtypes responsible for its action. Using specific agonists and antagonists of 5-HT receptors, we found that selective activation of 5-HT7 receptor in type B neurons in the MVN of juvenile (P13-16) rats completely abolished NMDA-receptor-mediated LTD in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner. Our finding that 5-HT restricts plasticity of type B MVN neurons via 5-HT7 receptors offers a mechanism whereby vestibular tuning contributes to the maturation of the vestibulo-spinal circuit and highlights the role of 5-HT in postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hai Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Lei Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kenneth Lap Kei Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Congnitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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15
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Zhang X, Yao N, Chergui K. The GABAA receptor agonist muscimol induces an age- and region-dependent form of long-term depression in the mouse striatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:479-85. [PMID: 27531838 PMCID: PMC4986858 DOI: 10.1101/lm.043190.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several forms of long-term depression (LTD) of glutamatergic synaptic transmission have been identified in the dorsal striatum and in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Such experience-dependent synaptic plasticity might play important roles in reward-related learning. The GABAA receptor agonist muscimol was recently found to trigger a long-lasting depression of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the NAc of adolescent mice, but the mechanisms that underlie this novel form of LTD were not studied. Here we examined the effect of muscimol applied in the perfusion solution on the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials/population spikes (fEPSP/PSs) in mouse brain slices. We found that muscimol depressed the fEPSP/PS in the NAc of adolescent mice but not adult mice, through both postsynaptic and presynaptic mechanisms. Indeed, muscimol altered the fEPSP/PS paired-pulse ratio, depolarized the membrane of projection neurons, and decreased the frequency, but not amplitude, of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in the NAc of adolescent mice. The LTD induced by muscimol likely involved endocannabinoids, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), but not TRPV1 receptors. Muscimol-LTD was occluded by prior induction of LTD through low-frequency stimulation (LFS) of the slice, demonstrating a common pathway in the induction of LFS-LTD and muscimol-LTD. We also found that muscimol induced a form of LTD in the dorsolateral striatum of adult but not adolescent mice. This LTD was mediated by endocannabinoids but did not involve mGluRs or TRPV1 receptors. These results identify a novel form of synaptic plasticity, and its mechanisms of induction, which is age and region dependent. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the increased susceptibility of the adolescent brain to long-term synaptic changes in regions associated with reward mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Zhang
- The Karolinska Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Molecular Neurophysiology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ning Yao
- The Karolinska Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Molecular Neurophysiology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karima Chergui
- The Karolinska Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Molecular Neurophysiology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Báldi R, Ghose D, Grueter BA, Patel S. Electrophysiological Measurement of Cannabinoid-Mediated Synaptic Modulation in Acute Mouse Brain Slices. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 75:6.29.1-6.29.19. [PMID: 27063786 PMCID: PMC4866814 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are a class of bioactive lipids that mediate retrograde synaptic modulation at central and peripheral synapses. The highly lipophilic nature of eCBs and the pharmacological tools available to interrogate this system require unique methodological consideration, especially when applied to ex vivo systems such as electrophysiological analysis in acute brain slices. This unit provides protocols for measuring cannabinoid and eCB-mediated synaptic signaling in mouse brain slices, including analysis of short-term, long-term, and tonic eCB signaling modes, and the unique considerations for working with eCBs and TRPV1/cannabinoid ligands in acute brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Báldi
- Department of Psychiatry, 2213 Garland Avenue, 8415 MRBIV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0413, Tel. 615-936-7768, Fax. 615-936-4075
| | - Dipanwita Ghose
- Department of Anesthesiology, 2213 Garland Avenue, P445 MRBIV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0413, Tel. 615-936-1684, Fax. 615-936-0456
| | - Brad A. Grueter
- Department of Anesthesiology, 2213 Garland Avenue, P435H MRBIV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0413, Tel. 615-936-2586, Fax. 615-936-0456
| | - Sachin Patel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, 2213 Garland Avenue, 8425B MRBIV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0413, Tel. 615-936-7768, Fax. 615-936-4075
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17
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Effect of nucleus accumbens shell 5-HT4 receptors on the impairment of ACPA-induced emotional memory consolidation in male Wistar rats. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:12-21. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Tomic´ MA, Pecikoza UB, Micov AM, Stepanovic´-Petrovic´ RM. The Efficacy of Eslicarbazepine Acetate in Models of Trigeminal, Neuropathic, and Visceral Pain. Anesth Analg 2015; 121:1632-9. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Lippiello P, Hoxha E, Speranza L, Volpicelli F, Ferraro A, Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Perrone-Capano C, Tempia F, Miniaci MC. The 5-HT7 receptor triggers cerebellar long-term synaptic depression via PKC-MAPK. Neuropharmacology 2015; 101:426-38. [PMID: 26482421 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) mediates important physiological effects of serotonin, such as memory and emotion, and is emerging as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive disorders and depression. Although previous studies have revealed an expression of 5-HT7R in cerebellum, particularly at Purkinje cells, its functional role and signaling mechanisms have never been described. Using patch-clamp recordings in cerebellar slices of adult mice, we investigated the effects of a selective 5-HT7R agonist, LP-211, on the main plastic site of the cerebellar cortex, the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. Here we show that 5-HT7R activation induces long-term depression of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse via a postsynaptic mechanism that involves the PKC-MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, a 5-HT7R antagonist abolished the expression of PF-LTD, produced by pairing parallel fiber stimulation with Purkinje cell depolarization; whereas, application of a 5-HT7R agonist impaired LTP induced by 1 Hz parallel fiber stimulation. Our results indicate for the first time that 5-HT7R exerts a fine regulation of cerebellar bidirectional synaptic plasticity that might be involved in cognitive processes and neuropsychiatric disorders involving the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eriola Hoxha
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Speranza
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Volpicelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Science, University of Bari "A. Moro", Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Science, University of Bari "A. Moro", Italy
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Torino, Italy
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20
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Feng CC, Yan XJ, Chen X, Wang EM, Liu Q, Zhang LY, Chen J, Fang JY, Chen SL. Vagal anandamide signaling via cannabinoid receptor 1 contributes to luminal 5-HT modulation of visceral nociception in rats. Pain 2014; 155:1591-1604. [PMID: 24813296 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), and luminal 5-HT time-dependently modulates visceral nociception. We found that duodenal biopsies from PI-IBS patients exhibited increased 5-HT and decreased anandamide levels and that decreased anandamide was associated with abdominal pain severity, indicating a link between 5-HT and endocannabinoid signaling pathways in PI-IBS. To understand this, we investigated the role of endocannabinoids in 5-HT modulation of visceral nociception in a rat model. Acute intraduodenally applied 5-HT attenuated the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention, and this was reversed by the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist AM251. Duodenal anandamide (but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol) content was greatly increased after luminal 5-HT treatment. This effect was abrogated by the 5-HT 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonist granisetron, which was luminally delivered to preferentially target vagal terminals. Chemical denervation of vagal afferents blocked 5-HT-evoked antinociception and anandamide release. Chronic luminal 5-HT exposure for 5 days increased baseline VMR and VMR post-5-HT (days 4 and 5). Duodenal levels of anandamide and N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD, the anandamide-synthesizing enzyme) protein gradually declined from day 1 to 5. The time-dependent effects of 5-HT were abolished by daily granisetron pretreatment. Daily pretreatment with CB1 agonists or anandamide from day 3 attenuated 5-HT-induced hyperalgesia. These data suggest that vagal 5-HT3R-mediated duodenal anandamide release contributes to acute luminal 5-HT-induced antinociception via CB1 signaling, whereas decreased anandamide is associated with hyperalgesia upon chronic 5-HT treatment. Further understanding of peripheral vagal anandamide signaling may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying 5-HT-related IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China Department of pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
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21
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Stanford SC. Psychostimulants, antidepressants and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists ('motor disinhibitors') have overlapping, but distinct, effects on monoamine transmission: the involvement of L-type Ca2+ channels and implications for the treatment of ADHD. Neuropharmacology 2014; 87:9-18. [PMID: 24727210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Both psychostimulants and antidepressants target monoamine transporters and, as a consequence, augment monoamine transmission. These two groups of drugs also increase motor activity in preclinical behavioural screens for antidepressants. Substance P-preferring receptor (NK1R) antagonists similarly increase both motor activity in these tests and monoamine transmission in the brain. In this article, the neurochemical and behavioural responses to these three groups of drugs are compared. It becomes evident that NK1R antagonists represent a distinct class of compounds ('motor disinhibitors') that differ substantially from both psychostimulants and antidepressants, especially during states of heightened arousal or stress. Also, all three groups of drugs influence the activation of voltage-gated Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 L-type channels (LTCCs) in the brain, albeit in different ways. This article discusses evidence that points to disruption of these functional interactions between NK1R and LTCCs as a contributing factor in the cognitive and behavioural abnormalities that are prominent features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Arising from this is the interesting possibility that the hyperactivity and impulsivity (as in ADHD) and psychomotor retardation (as in depression) reflect opposite poles of a behavioural continuum. A better understanding of this pharmacological network could help explain why psychostimulants augment motor behaviour during stress (e.g., in preclinical screens for antidepressants) and yet reduce locomotor activity and impulsivity in ADHD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'CNS Stimulants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clare Stanford
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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