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Kumru H, Ros-Alsina A, García Alén L, Vidal J, Gerasimenko Y, Hernandez A, Wrigth M. Improvement in Motor and Walking Capacity during Multisegmental Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation in Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4480. [PMID: 38674065 PMCID: PMC11050444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous multisegmental spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has shown superior efficacy in modulating spinal locomotor circuits compared to single-site stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Building on these findings, we hypothesized that administering a single session of tSCS at multiple spinal segments may yield greater enhancements in muscle strength and gait function during stimulation compared to tSCS at only one or two segments. In our study, tSCS was applied at single segments (C5, L1, and Coc1), two segments (C5-L1, C5-Coc1, and L1-Coc1), or multisegments (C5-L1-Coc1) in a randomized order. We evaluated the 6-m walking test (6MWT) and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and assessed the Hmax/Mmax ratio during stimulation in ten individuals with incomplete motor SCI. Our findings indicate that multisegmental tSCS improved walking time and reduced spinal cord excitability, as measured by the Hmax/Mmax ratio, similar to some single or two-site tSCS interventions. However, only multisegmental tSCS resulted in increased tibialis anterior (TA) muscle strength. These results suggest that multisegmental tSCS holds promise for enhancing walking capacity, increasing muscle strength, and altering spinal cord excitability in individuals with incomplete SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Kumru
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de NeurorehabilitacióAdscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (L.G.A.); (J.V.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Aina Ros-Alsina
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de NeurorehabilitacióAdscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (L.G.A.); (J.V.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Loreto García Alén
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de NeurorehabilitacióAdscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (L.G.A.); (J.V.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vidal
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de NeurorehabilitacióAdscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (L.G.A.); (J.V.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Yury Gerasimenko
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Agusti Hernandez
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de NeurorehabilitacióAdscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (L.G.A.); (J.V.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Wrigth
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de NeurorehabilitacióAdscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (L.G.A.); (J.V.); (A.H.); (M.W.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Julliand S, Papaxanthis C, Delphin C, Mock A, Raumel MA, Gueugnon M, Ornetti P, Laroche D. IMPROVE study protocol, investigating post-stroke local muscle vibrations to promote cerebral plasticity and functional recovery: a single-blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079918. [PMID: 38490651 PMCID: PMC10946362 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spasticity is a frequent disabling consequence following a stroke. Local muscle vibrations (LMVs) have been proposed as a treatment to address this problem. However, little is known about their clinical and neurophysiological impacts when used repeatedly during the subacute phase post-stroke. This project aims to evaluate the effects of a 6-week LMV protocol on the paretic limb on spasticity development in a post-stroke subacute population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an interventional, controlled, randomised, single-blind (patient) trial. 100 participants over 18 years old will be recruited, within 6 weeks following a first stroke with hemiparesis or hemiplegia. All participants will receive a conventional rehabilitation programme, plus 18 sessions of LMV (ie, continuously for 30 min) on relaxed wrist and elbow flexors: either (1) at 80 Hz for the interventional group or (2) at 40 Hz plus a foam band between the skin and the device for the control group.Participants will be evaluated at baseline, at 3 weeks and 6 weeks, and at 6 months after the end of the intervention. Spasticity will be measured by the modified Ashworth scale and with an isokinetic dynamometer. Sensorimotor function will be assessed with the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the upper extremity. Corticospinal and spinal excitabilities will be measured each time. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was recorded in a clinical trial and obtained approval from the institutional review board (Comité de protection des personnes Ile de France IV, 2021-A03219-32). All participants will be required to provide informed consent. The results of this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals to disseminate information to clinicians and impact their practice for an improved patient's care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trial: NCT05315726 DATASET: EUDRAct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Julliand
- INSERM CIC 1432, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
- INSERM U1093, Dijon, France
| | | | - Corentin Delphin
- INSERM CIC 1432, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Anne Mock
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CHU Dijon, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Raumel
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Centre Chalon-sur-Saône, Chalon-sur-Saône, France
| | - Mathieu Gueugnon
- INSERM CIC 1432, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
- INSERM U1093, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Ornetti
- INSERM CIC 1432, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
- INSERM U1093, Dijon, France
| | - Davy Laroche
- INSERM CIC 1432, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
- INSERM U1093, Dijon, France
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Shamsi M, Mirzaei M, Hopayian K. A controlled clinical trial investigating the effects of stretching and compression exercises on electromyography of calf muscles in chronic LBP patients with a deep gluteal syndrome. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:12. [PMID: 38200475 PMCID: PMC10782553 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In deep gluteal syndrome (DGS), the piriformis muscle could impinge the sciatic nerve. The FAIR (flexion adduction internal rotation) test is a provocation test used to identify sciatic nerve irritation caused by this muscle. Compression and stretching exercises are usually prescribed to treat this syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of these two treatments on surface electromyography (sEMG) of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior in patients with low back pain (LBP) and DGS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five participants were allocated to three groups of stretching exercise, compression or control. In addition to 15 min of heat and 15 min of electrical nerve stimulation for pain relief, participants in the compression exercise (CE) group received self-compression exercise, those in the stretching exercise (SE) group received self-stretching exercise and those in the control group received no extra interventions. For the two intervention groups, three sets of two minutes of exercise with two minutes of rest in between were applied. The sEMG amplitude values of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of the affected buttock side of any one group while performing the FAIR test were compared to the others. Pain and disability were assessed and the changes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS After the intervention period, no group demonstrated a change in the sEMG of the gastrocnemius or tibialis anterior muscles (p > 0.05). There was no difference in the change in this variable between groups (Mean difference (95% CI) of gastrocnemius was ranged over= -4.04 to 7.72 (-19.44 to 23.14); p = 0.603); (Mean difference (95% CI) of tibialis anterior muscles was ranged from - 2.44 to -6.43 (-18.28 to 9.31); p = 0.550).; Pain and disability also decreased significantly in all three study groups (p < 0.05). However, only the disability of patients who performed stretching exercises improved compared to the compression exercise group (Mean difference (95% CI) = -12.62 (-20.41 to -4.38); p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Neither stretching nor compression exercises altered the sEMG of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles in patients with DGS. Furthermore, performing stretching exercises improved disability compared to the other interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ) on 10/01/2017 as IRCT201604178035N4. URL of the record: https://en.irct.ir/trial/8473 .
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Affiliation(s)
- MohammadBagher Shamsi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirzaei
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Kevork Hopayian
- Centre for Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Theodosiadou A, Henry M, Duchateau J, Baudry S. Revisiting the use of Hoffmann reflex in motor control research on humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:695-710. [PMID: 36571622 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Research in movement science aims at unravelling mechanisms and designing methods for restoring and maximizing human functional capacity, and many techniques provide access to neural adjustments (acute changes) or long-term adaptations (chronic changes) underlying changes in movement capabilities. First described by Paul Hoffmann over a century ago, when an electrical stimulus is applied to a peripheral nerve, this causes action potentials in afferent axons, primarily the Ia afferents of the muscle spindles, which recruit homonymous motor neurons, thereby causing an electromyographic response known as the Hoffmann (H) reflex. This technique is a valuable tool in the study of the neuromuscular function in humans and has provided relevant information in the neural control of movement. The large use of the H reflex in motor control research on humans relies in part to its relative simplicity. However, such simplicity masks subtleties that require rigorous experimental protocols and careful data interpretation. After highlighting basic properties and methodological aspects that should be considered for the correct use of the H-reflex technique, this brief narrative review discusses the purpose of the H reflex and emphasizes its use as a tool to assess the effectiveness of Ia afferents in discharging motor neurones. The review also aims to reconsider the link between H-reflex modulation and Ia presynaptic inhibition, the use of the H-reflex technique in motor control studies, and the effects of ageing. These aspects are summarized as recommendations for the use of the H reflex in motor control research on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Theodosiadou
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Henry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Duchateau
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Grosprêtre S, Eon P, Marcel-Millet P. Virtual reality does not fool the brain only: spinal excitability changes during virtually simulated falling. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:368-379. [PMID: 36515975 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00383.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) is known to induce substantial activation of brain's motor regions. It remains unclear to what extent virtual reality can trigger the sensorimotor system, and more particularly, whether it can affect lower nervous levels. In this study, we aimed to assess whether VR simulation of challenging and stressful postural situations (Richie's plank experience) could interfere with spinal excitability of postural muscles in 15 healthy young participants. The H-reflex of the triceps surae muscles was elicited with electrical nerve stimulation while participants were standing and wearing a VR headset. Participants went through several conditions, during which stimulations were evoked: standing still (noVR), standing in VR on the ground (groundVR), standing on the edge of a building (plankVR), and falling from the building (fallingVR). Myoelectrical activity of the triceps surae muscles was measured throughout the experiment. Leg and head movements were also measured by means of accelerometers to account for body oscillations. First, no differences in head rotations and myoelectrical activity were to be noted between conditions. Second, triceps H-reflex (HMAX/MMAX) was not affected from noVR to groundVR and plankVR. The most significant finding was a drastic decrease in H-reflex during falling (-47 ± 26.9% between noVR and fallingVR, P = 0.015). It is suggested that experiencing a postural threat in VR efficiently modulates spinal excitability, despite remaining in a quiet standing posture. This study suggests that simulated falling mimics the neural adjustments observed during actual postural challenge tasks.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study showed a modulation of spinal excitability induced by virtual reality (VR). In the standing position, soleus H-reflex was downmodulated during a simulated falling, in the absence of apparent changes in body oscillations. Since the same behavior is usually observed during real falling, it was suggested that the visual cues provided by VR were sufficiently strong to lead the neuromuscular system to mimic the actual modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Grosprêtre
- Laboratory Culture Sport Health and Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Pauline Eon
- Laboratory Culture Sport Health and Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Philémon Marcel-Millet
- Laboratory Culture Sport Health and Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Batista-Ferreira L, Rabelo NF, da Cruz GM, Costa JNDA, Elias LA, Mezzarane RA. Effects of voluntary contraction on the soleus H-reflex of different amplitudes in healthy young adults and in the elderly. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1039242. [PMID: 36590063 PMCID: PMC9797586 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1039242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of H-reflex studies used a moderate steady voluntary contraction in an attempt to keep the motoneuron pool excitability relatively constant. However, it is not clear whether the voluntary muscle activation itself represents a confounding factor for the elderly, as a few ongoing mechanisms of reflex modulation might be compromised. Further, it is well-known that the amount of either inhibition or facilitation from a given conditioning depends on the size of the test H-reflex. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of voluntary contraction over a wide range of reflex amplitudes. A significant reflex facilitation during an isometric voluntary contraction of the soleus muscle (15% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction-MVC) was found for both young adults and the elderly (p < 0.05), regardless of their test reflex amplitudes (considering the ascending limb of the H-reflex recruitment curve-RC). No significant difference was detected in the level of reflex facilitation between groups for all the amplitude parameters extracted from the RC. Simulations with a computational model of the motoneuron pool driven by stationary descending commands yielded qualitatively similar amount of reflex facilitation, as compared to human experiments. Both the experimental and modeling results suggest that possible age-related differences in spinal cord mechanisms do not significantly influence the reflex modulation during a moderate voluntary muscle activation. Therefore, a background voluntary contraction of the ankle extensors (e.g., similar to the one necessary to maintain upright stance) can be used in experiments designed to compare the RCs of both populations. Finally, in an attempt to elucidate the controversy around changes in the direct motor response (M-wave) during contraction, the maximum M-wave (Mmax) was compared between groups and conditions. It was found that the Mmax significantly increases (p < 0.05) during contraction and decreases (p < 0.05) with age arguably due to muscle fiber shortening and motoneuron loss, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Batista-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Natielle Ferreira Rabelo
- Neural Engineering Research Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Menezes da Cruz
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Abdala Elias
- Neural Engineering Research Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo André Mezzarane
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Goiás, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasília, Goiás, Brazil,*Correspondence: Rinaldo André Mezzarane,
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Papitsa A, Paizis C, Papaiordanidou M, Martin A. Specific modulation of presynaptic and recurrent inhibition of the soleus muscle during lengthening and shortening submaximal and maximal contractions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1327-1340. [PMID: 36356258 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00065.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study analyzed neural mechanisms mediating spinal excitability modulation during eccentric (ECC) movement (passive muscle lengthening, submaximal, and maximal ECC contractions) as compared with concentric (CON) conditions. Twenty-two healthy subjects participated in three experiments. Experiment A (n = 13) examined D1 presynaptic inhibition (D1 PI) and recurrent inhibition (RI) modulation during passive muscle lengthening and shortening, by conditioning the soleus (SOL) H-reflex with common peroneal nerve submaximal and tibial nerve maximal stimulation, respectively. Experiment B (n = 13) analyzed the effect of passive muscle lengthening on D1 PI and heteronymous Ia facilitation (HF, conditioning the SOL H-reflex by femoral stimulation). Experiment C (n = 13) focused on the effect of muscle contraction level (20%, 50%, and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction) on D1 PI and RI. Results showed a significantly higher level of D1 PI during passive muscle lengthening than shortening (P < 0.01), whereas RI and HF were not affected by passive muscle movement. D1 PI and RI were both higher during ECC as compared with CON contractions (P < 0.001). However, the amount of D1 PI was independent of the torque level, whereas RI was reduced as the torque level increased (P < 0.05). The decreased spinal excitability induced by muscle lengthening during both passive and active conditions is mainly attributed to D1 PI, whereas RI also plays a role in the control of the specific motoneuron output during ECC contractions. Both inhibitory mechanisms are centrally controlled, but the fact that they evolve differently with torque increases, suggests a distinct supraspinal control.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Presynaptic (PI) and recurrent inhibitions (RI) were studied during passive muscle lengthening and eccentric contractions. Results indicate that the increased PI during passive muscle lengthening accounts for the decreased spinal excitability at rest. During eccentric contraction both mechanisms contribute to spinal excitability modulation. The same amount of PI was observed during eccentric contractions, while RI decreased as developed torque increased. This distinct modulation according to torque level suggests a distinct supraspinal control of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Papitsa
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Christos Paizis
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, CAPS, INSERM U1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Centre for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Maria Papaiordanidou
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, CAPS, INSERM U1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, CAPS, INSERM U1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Diong J, Kishimoto KC, Butler JE, Héroux ME. Muscle electromyographic activity normalized to maximal muscle activity, not to Mmax, better represents voluntary activation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277947. [PMID: 36409688 PMCID: PMC9678282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In human applied physiology studies, the amplitude of recorded muscle electromyographic activity (EMG) is often normalized to maximal EMG recorded during a maximal voluntary contraction. When maximal contractions cannot be reliably obtained (e.g. in people with muscle paralysis, anterior cruciate ligament injury, or arthritis), EMG is sometimes normalized to the maximal compound muscle action potiential evoked by stimulation, the Mmax. However, it is not known how these two methods of normalization affect the conclusions and comparability of studies. To address this limitation, we investigated the relationship between voluntary muscle activation and EMG normalized either to maximal EMG or to Mmax. Twenty-five able-bodied adults performed voluntary isometric ankle plantarflexion contractions to a range of percentages of maximal voluntary torque. Ankle torque, plantarflexor muscle EMG, and voluntary muscle activation measured by twitch interpolation were recorded. EMG recorded at each contraction intensity was normalized to maximal EMG or to Mmax for each plantarflexor muscle, and the relationship between the two normalization approaches quantified. A slope >1 indicated EMG amplitude normalized to maximal EMG (vertical axis) was greater than EMG normalized to Mmax (horizontal axis). Mean estimates of the slopes were large and had moderate precision: soleus 8.7 (95% CI 6.9 to 11.0), medial gastrocnemius 13.4 (10.5 to 17.0), lateral gastrocnemius 11.4 (9.4 to 14.0). This indicates EMG normalized to Mmax is approximately eleven times smaller than EMG normalized to maximal EMG. Normalization to maximal EMG gave closer approximations to the level of voluntary muscle activation assessed by twitch interpolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Diong
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenzo C. Kishimoto
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E. Butler
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin E. Héroux
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Isacco L, Gimenez P, Ennequin G, Mourot L, Grosprêtre S. Cardiometabolic and neuromuscular analyses of the sit-to-stand transition to question its role in reducing sedentary patterns. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1727-1739. [PMID: 35474143 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To counteract the detrimental health effect of sitting all day long, it has been suggested to regularly break sitting time by standing. However, while the difference in energy expenditure, neuromuscular and/or cardiovascular demand of various postures from lying, sitting, and standing is well documented, little is known regarding the dynamic changes occurring during the sit-to-stand transition itself. The aim of the present study was then to describe the cardiometabolic and neuromuscular responses from sitting to standing and specifically during the time-course of this transition. Twelve healthy young participants were asked to perform standardized raises from sitting posture, while cardiometabolic (cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic variables) and neuromuscular (calf muscles' myoelectrical activity, spinal and supraspinal excitabilities) parameters were monitored. As a result, while there was a rapid adaptation for all the systems after rising, the neuromuscular system displayed the faster adaptation (~ 10 s), then hemodynamic (~ 10 to 20 s) and finally the metabolic variables (~ 30 to 40 s). Oxygen uptake, energy expenditure, ventilation, and heart rate were significantly higher and stroke volume significantly lower during standing period compared to sitting one. In calf muscles, spinal excitability (H-reflexes), was lowered by the sit-to-stand condition, while supraspinal drive (V-wave) was similar, indicating different cortico-spinal balance from sitting to standing. Although very heterogenous among participants in terms of magnitude, the present results showed a rapid adaptation for all the systems after rising and the health benefit, notably in terms of energy expenditure, appears rather modest, even if non negligeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Isacco
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,EA3920-Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Heart and Vascular Diseases, and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory, Culture, Sports, Health and Society, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gaël Ennequin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Mourot
- EA3920-Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Heart and Vascular Diseases, and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sidney Grosprêtre
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory, Culture, Sports, Health and Society, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Maudrich T, Hähner S, Kenville R, Ragert P. Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials as a Marker of Functional Neuroplasticity in Athletes: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2022; 12:821605. [PMID: 35111081 PMCID: PMC8801701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.821605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP) represent a non-invasive tool to assess neural responses elicited by somatosensory stimuli acquired via electrophysiological recordings. To date, there is no comprehensive evaluation of SEPs for the diagnostic investigation of exercise-induced functional neuroplasticity. This systematic review aims at highlighting the potential of SEP measurements as a diagnostic tool to investigate exercise-induced functional neuroplasticity of the sensorimotor system by reviewing studies comparing SEP parameters between athletes and healthy controls who are not involved in organized sports as well as between athlete cohorts of different sport disciplines. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) by two independent researchers. Three hundred and ninety-seven records were identified, of which 10 cross-sectional studies were considered eligible. Results Differences in SEP amplitudes and latencies between athletes and healthy controls or between athletes of different cohorts as well as associations between SEP parameters and demographic/behavioral variables (years of training, hours of training per week & reaction time) were observed in seven out of 10 included studies. In particular, several studies highlight differences in short- and long-latency SEP parameters, as well as high-frequency oscillations (HFO) when comparing athletes and healthy controls. Neuroplastic differences in athletes appear to be modality-specific as well as dependent on training regimens and sport-specific requirements. This is exemplified by differences in SEP parameters of various athlete populations after stimulation of their primarily trained limb. Conclusion Taken together, the existing literature suggests that athletes show specific functional neuroplasticity in the somatosensory system. Therefore, this systematic review highlights the potential of SEP measurements as an easy-to-use and inexpensive diagnostic tool to investigate functional neuroplasticity in the sensorimotor system of athletes. However, there are limitations regarding the small sample sizes and inconsistent methodology of SEP measurements in the studies reviewed. Therefore, future intervention studies are needed to verify and extend the conclusions drawn here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Maudrich
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tom Maudrich
| | - Susanne Hähner
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rouven Kenville
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Grosprêtre S, Marusic U, Gimenez P, Ennequin G, Mourot L, Isacco L. Stand Up to Excite the Spine: Neuromuscular, Autonomic, and Cardiometabolic Responses During Motor Imagery in Standing vs. Sitting Posture. Front Physiol 2021; 12:762452. [PMID: 34887774 PMCID: PMC8649772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) for health and performance strategies has gained interest in recent decades. Nevertheless, there are still no studies that have comprehensively investigated the physiological responses during MI, and no one questions the influence of low-level contraction on these responses. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neuromuscular, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and cardiometabolic changes associated with an acute bout of MI practice in sitting and standing condition. Twelve young healthy males (26.3 ± 4.4 years) participated in two experimental sessions (control vs. MI) consisting of two postural conditions (sitting vs. standing). ANS, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body sway parameters, and electromyography activity were continuously recorded, while neuromuscular parameters were recorded on the right triceps surae muscles before and after performing the postural conditions. While MI showed no effect on ANS, the standing posture increased the indices of sympathetic system activity and decreased those of the parasympathetic system (p < 0.05). Moreover, MI during standing induced greater spinal excitability compared to sitting posture (p < 0.05), which was accompanied with greater oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, ventilation, and lower cardiac output (p < 0.05). Asking individuals to perform MI of an isometric contraction while standing allows them to mentally focus on the motor command, not challenge balance, and produce specific cardiometabolic responses. Therefore, these results provide further evidence of posture and MI-related modulation of spinal excitability with additional autonomic and cardiometabolic responses in healthy young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Grosprêtre
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Uros Marusic
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre of Koper, Koper, Slovenia.,Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea-ECM, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gael Ennequin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Mourot
- EA3920-Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Heart and Vascular Diseases, and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Laurie Isacco
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA3920-Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Heart and Vascular Diseases, and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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12
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CORATELLA GIUSEPPE, CÈ EMILIANO, DORIA CHRISTIAN, BORRELLI MARTA, LONGO STEFANO, ESPOSITO FABIO. Neuromuscular Correlates of the Contralateral Stretch-induced Strength Loss. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2066-2075. [PMID: 33831897 PMCID: PMC10097483 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study investigated the effects of unilateral passive stretching on the neuromuscular mechanisms involved in the force-generating capacity of the contralateral muscle. METHODS Twenty-six healthy men underwent unilateral passive stretching of the plantarflexors (5 × 45 s on + 15 s off; total stretching time, 225 s). Before and after the stretching protocol, contralateral ankle range of motion, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the plantarflexors, and surface electromyographic root-mean-square (sEMG RMS) of the soleus and the gastrocnemii muscles were determined. Concurrently, V-wave, maximum and superimposed H-reflex, and M-wave were elicited via nerve stimulation to estimate the supraspinal, spinal, and peripheral mechanisms, respectively. sEMG RMS, V-wave, and H-reflex were normalized to the M-wave. RESULTS After passive stretching, contralateral ankle range of motion was increased (+8% [1%/15%], effect size [ES] = 0.43 [0.02/0.84], P < 0.001), MVC of the plantarflexors was decreased (-9% [-21%/-2%], ES = -0.96 [-1.53/-0.38], P < 0.001), and the sEMG RMS/M-wave of the soleus and the gastrocnemii muscles was decreased (≈-9%, ES ≈ -0.33, P < 0.05). Concurrently, the V-wave/M-wave superimposed was decreased in all muscles (≈-13%, ES = -0.81 to -0.52, P < 0.05). No change in H-reflex/M-wave and M-wave was observed under both maximum and superimposed condition. The decrease in the MVC and the sEMG RMS of the contralateral muscle was accompanied by a decrease in the V-wave/M-wave but not the H-reflex/M-wave ratios and the M-wave. CONCLUSIONS The present outcomes suggest that only supraspinal mechanisms might be involved in the contralateral decrease in the maximum force-generating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- GIUSEPPE CORATELLA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ITALY
| | - EMILIANO CÈ
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ITALY
- IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, ITALY
| | - CHRISTIAN DORIA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ITALY
| | - MARTA BORRELLI
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ITALY
| | - STEFANO LONGO
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ITALY
| | - FABIO ESPOSITO
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ITALY
- IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, ITALY
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13
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Does partial activation of the neuromuscular system induce cross-education training effect? Case of a pilot study on motor imagery and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2337-2348. [PMID: 33997913 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study questioned the neural mechanisms associated with cross education following training by motor imagery (MI) or submaximal neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), both representing a partial activation of the motor system as compared to conventional strength training. METHODS Twenty-seven participants were distributed in three groups: MI, NMES and control. Training groups underwent a training program of ten sessions in two weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles of one limb. In both legs, neuromuscular plasticity was assessed through maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MViC) and triceps surae electrophysiological responses evoked by electrical nerve stimulation (H-reflexes and V-waves). RESULTS NMES and MI training improved MViC torque of the trained limb by 11.3% (P < 0.001) and 13.8% (P < 0.001), respectively. MViC of the untrained limb increased by 10.3% (P < 0.003) in the MI group only, accompanied with increases in V-waves on both sides. In the NMES group, V-waves only increased in the trained limb. In the MI group, rest H-reflexes increased in both the trained and the untrained triceps suraes. CONCLUSION MI seems to be effective to induce cross education, probably because of the activation of cortical motor regions that impact the corticospinal neural drive of both trained and untrained sides. Conversely, submaximal NMES did not lead to cross education. The present results emphasize that cross education does not necessarily require muscle activity of the trained limb.
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14
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Cè E, Coratella G, Doria C, Rampichini S, Borrelli M, Longo S, Esposito F. No effect of passive stretching on neuromuscular function and maximum force-generating capacity in the antagonist muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1955-1965. [PMID: 33770238 PMCID: PMC8192325 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The present study investigated whether or not passive stretching increases the force-generating capacity of the antagonist muscle, and the possible neuromuscular mechanisms behind. Methods To this purpose, the neuromuscular function accompanying the force-generating capacity was assessed in 26 healthy male volunteers after passive stretching and in a control session. Before and after passive intermittent static stretching of the plantar flexors consisting of five sets × 45 s + 15 s-rest, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) and surface electromyographic root mean square (sEMG RMS) were measured in the tibialis anterior (the antagonist muscle). Additionally, evoked V wave, H-reflex, and M wave were elicited by nerve stimulation at rest and during MVC. Ankle range of motion (ROM) and plantar flexors MVC and EMG RMS were measured to check for the effectiveness of the stretching manoeuvre. Results No change in MVC [p = 0.670; effect size (ES) − 0.03] and sEMG RMS/M wave during MVC (p = 0.231; ES − 0.09) was observed in the antagonist muscle after passive stretching. Similarly, no change in V wave (p = 0.531; ES 0.16), H-reflex at rest and during MVC (p = 0.656 and 0.597; ES 0.11 and 0.23, respectively) and M wave at rest and during MVC (p = 0.355 and 0.554; ES 0.04 and 0.01, respectively) was observed. An increase in ankle ROM (p < 0.001; ES 0.55) and a decrease in plantar flexors MVC (p < 0.001; ES − 1.05) and EMG RMS (p < 0.05; ES − 1.72 to − 0.13 in all muscles) indicated the effectiveness of stretching protocol. Conclusion No change in the force-generating capacity and neuromuscular function of the antagonist muscle after passive stretching was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133, Milano, Italy
- IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Borrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133, Milano, Italy
- IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milano, Italy
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15
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Thabit MN, Ezat A, Ismael MA, Hadad S. Altered Spinal Excitability in Patients with Primary Fibromyalgia: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:121-127. [PMID: 33480207 PMCID: PMC7840322 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Abnormal excitability of the central nervous system, both spinal and supraspinal, has previously been described as a pathophysiological plastic mechanism for chronic pain syndromes. Primary fibromyalgia (FM) as one extreme of this spectrum of diseases. This case-control study aimed to determine the changes in the spinal excitability by investigating the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) in patients with FM. Methods Thirty-eight patients with FM and 30 healthy controls participated in this case-control study. We measured the H-reflex bilaterally in the upper limbs (flexor carpi radialis) and the lower limbs (gastrocnemius and soleus). Moreover, pain-related variables were measured, including pain severity (using a visual analogue scale), pain duration, Widespread Pain Index, and the score on the Symptom Severity Scale. Various psychiatric comorbidities and quality-of-life parameters were measured for each patient, including scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. Results A significant increase in the ratio of the maximum baseline-to-peak amplitudes of H and M waves (Hmax/Mmax) but not in the H-wave minimum latency was found in patients with FM compared with healthy controls. There were no significant correlations between this ratio in both muscles and the various pain-related measures, psychiatric comorbidity, and quality of life in patients with FM. Patients with FM suffered more depression and anxiety than did the controls. Conclusions We found increased spinal excitability in patients with FM, which was not confined to the site of maximum pain. This information may help in the diagnosis of FM and supports the hypothesis of central sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N Thabit
- Department of Neurology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Ezat
- Department of Neurology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismael
- Department of Rheumatology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Saber Hadad
- Department of Psychiatry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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16
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Insights into the combination of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and motor imagery in a training-based approach. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:941-955. [PMID: 33417035 PMCID: PMC7892697 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Training stimuli that partially activate the neuromuscular system, such as motor imagery (MI) or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), have been previously shown as efficient tools to induce strength gains. Here the efficacy of MI, NMES or NMES + MI trainings has been compared. Methods Thirty-seven participants were enrolled in a training program of ten sessions in 2 weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles, distributed in four groups: MI, NMES, NMES + MI and control. Each group underwent forty contractions in each session, NMES + MI group doing 20 contractions of each modality. Before and after, the neuromuscular function was tested through the recording of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), but also electrophysiological and mechanical responses associated with electrical nerve stimulation. Muscle architecture was assessed by ultrasonography. Results MVC increased by 11.3 ± 3.5% in NMES group, by 13.8 ± 5.6% in MI, while unchanged for NMES + MI and control. During MVC, a significant increase in V-wave without associated changes in superimposed H-reflex has been observed for NMES and MI, suggesting that neural adaptations occurred at supraspinal level. Rest spinal excitability was increased in the MI group while decreased in the NMES group. No change in muscle architecture (pennation angle, fascicle length) has been found in any group but muscular peak twitch and soleus maximal M-wave increased in the NMES group only. Conclusion Finally, MI and NMES seem to be efficient stimuli to improve strength, although both exhibited different and specific neural plasticity. On its side, NMES + MI combination did not provide the expected gains, suggesting that their effects are not simply cumulative, or even are competitive.
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17
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Black SE, Follmer B, Mezzarane RA, Pearcey GEP, Sun Y, Zehr EP. Exposure to impacts across a competitive rugby season impairs balance and neuromuscular function in female rugby athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000740. [PMID: 32617174 PMCID: PMC7319707 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We used objective assessment tools to detect subtle neurological deficits that accompany repetitive and mild head impacts in contact sport across a season. Methods Female participants (n=13, 21±1.8 years old; 167.6±6.7 cm; 72.8±6.1 kg) completed assessments pre and post the varsity rugby season. A commercial balance board was used to assess static balance and response to dynamic postural challenge. Spinal cord excitability via the soleus H-reflex was assessed in both legs. Video analysis was used to identify head impact exposures. Results A total of 172 potential concussive events were verified across 11 athletes (15.6±11; 95% CI: 6.5 to 19.8). Balance performance was worse at post-season for total centre of pressure which increased by 26% in the double stance on a stable surface (t(12)=-2.33; p=0.03; d=0.6) and by 140% in the tandem stance on a foam surface (t(12)=-3.43; p<0.01; d=0.9). Despite that, dynamic postural performance was improved after the season (p<0.01). Spinal cord excitability in rugby athletes did not change across the season but deviated from normative values at baseline. Conclusion Quantitative measures revealed that exposure to impacts across a competitive rugby season impair balance in two specific stances in female rugby athletes. Tandem-leg stance on an unstable surface and double-leg stance on firm surface are useful assessment conditions when performed over a low-cost balance board, even without clinically diagnosed concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Black
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno Follmer
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rinaldo André Mezzarane
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Gregory E P Pearcey
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Yao Sun
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E Paul Zehr
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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18
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Bouguetoch A, Grosprêtre S, Martin A. Optimal stimulation parameters for spinal and corticospinal excitabilities during contraction, motor imagery and rest: A pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235074. [PMID: 32569326 PMCID: PMC7307756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is commonly accepted that motor imagery (MI), i.e. the mental simulation of a movement, leads to an increased size of cortical motor evoked potentials (MEPs), although the magnitude of this effect differs between studies. Its impact on the spinal level is even more variable in the literature. Such discrepancies may be explained by many different experimental approaches. Therefore, the question of the optimal stimulation parameters to assess both spinal and corticospinal excitabilities remains open. Methods H-reflexes and MEPs of the triceps surae were evoked in 11 healthy subjects during MI, weak voluntary contraction (CON) and rest (REST). In each condition, the full recruitment curve from the response threshold to maximal potential was investigated. Results At stimulation intensities close to the maximal response, MEP amplitude was increased by CON compared to REST on the triceps surae. No effect of the different conditions was found on the H-reflex recruitment curve, except a small variation beyond maximal H-reflex in the soleus muscle. Conclusion Based on our results, we recommend to assess corticospinal excitability between 70% and 100% of maximal MEP intensity instead of the classical use of a percentage of the motor threshold and to elicit H-reflexes on the ascending part of the recruitment curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bouguetoch
- Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity [CAPS], INSERM, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sidney Grosprêtre
- EA-4660 C3S Culture Sport Health Society, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity [CAPS], INSERM, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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19
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Grandperrin Y, Grosprêtre S, Nicolier M, Gimenez P, Vidal C, Haffen E, Bennabi D. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on sports performance for two profiles of athletes (power and endurance) (COMPETE): a protocol for a randomised, crossover, double blind, controlled exploratory trial. Trials 2020; 21:461. [PMID: 32493462 PMCID: PMC7268738 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is promising for improving motor and cognitive performance. Nevertheless, its mechanisms of action are unclear and need to be better characterised according to the stimulated brain area and the type of exercise performed. METHODS/DESIGN This is a double-blind crossover study, organised into two parts: the first is to assess the effects of tDCS on explosive performance (jump task) and the second is to assess the effects on endurance performance (cycling time trial task). Participants, who are recreationally active or athletes (parkour practitioners, cyclists), will receive two active tDCS sessions (over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right motor cortex) and one sham tDCS session (part A), or two sequences (one active and one sham) of two daily tDCS sessions over 5 days (part B). Motor and cognitive performance will be compared before and after tDCS sessions (part A), and before and after the first session, after the last session and at day 12 and day 30 of each tDCS sequence (part B). DISCUSSION This study investigates the acute and repeated effects of tDCS on the motor and cognitive performance of healthy subjects. It will try to evaluate if tDCS could be considered as a neuroenhancement technology according to the physical task investigated (endurance versus explosive). TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03937115. Registered on 3 May 2019; retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Grandperrin
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon, France.
| | - Sidney Grosprêtre
- Laboratoire Culture, Sport, Santé, Société EA 4660, Université de Bourgogne Franche -Comté, UPFR Sports, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Magali Nicolier
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- Laboratoire Culture, Sport, Santé, Société EA 4660, Université de Bourgogne Franche -Comté, UPFR Sports, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Chrystelle Vidal
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
- Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Djamila Bennabi
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
- Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
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Pulverenti TS, Trajano GS, Walsh A, Kirk BJC, Blazevich AJ. Lack of cortical or Ia-afferent spinal pathway involvement in muscle force loss after passive static stretching. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1896-1906. [PMID: 32267196 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00578.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether modulation of corticospinal-motoneuronal excitability and/or synaptic transmission of the Ia afferent spinal reflex contributes to decreases in voluntary activation and muscular force after an acute bout of prolonged static muscle stretching. Fifteen men performed five 60-s constant-torque stretches (15-s rest intervals; total duration 5 min) of the plantar flexors on an isokinetic dynamometer and a nonstretching control condition in random order on 2 separate days. Maximum isometric plantar flexor torque and triceps surae muscle electromyographic activity (normalized to M wave; EMG/M) were simultaneously recorded immediately before and after each condition. Motor-evoked potentials (using transcranial magnetic stimulation) and H-reflexes were recorded from soleus during EMG-controlled submaximal contractions (23.4 ± 6.9% EMG maximum). No changes were detected in the control condition. After stretching, however, peak torque (mean ± SD; -14.3 ± 7.0%) and soleus EMG/M (-17.8 ± 6.2%) decreased, and these changes were highly correlated (r = 0.83). No changes were observed after stretching in soleus MEP or H-reflex amplitudes measured during submaximal contractions, and interindividual variability of changes was not correlated with changes in EMG activity or maximum torque. During EMG-controlled submaximal contractions, torque production was significantly decreased after stretching (-22.7 ± 15.0%), indicating a compromised muscular output. These data provide support that changes in the excitability of the corticospinal-motoneuronal and Ia afferent spinal reflex pathways do not contribute to poststretch neural impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to specifically examine potential sites underlying the decreases in neural activation of muscle and force production after a bout of muscle stretching. However, no changes were found in either the H-reflex or motor-evoked potential amplitude during submaximal contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Pulverenti
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, Staten Island, New York
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Walsh
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Benjamin J C Kirk
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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GROSPRÊTRE SIDNEY, PAPAXANTHIS CHARALAMBOS, MARTIN ALAIN. Corticospinal Modulations during Motor Imagery of Concentric, Eccentric, and Isometric Actions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 52:1031-1040. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Cabanas-Valdés R, Calvo-Sanz J, Urrùtia G, Serra-Llobet P, Pérez-Bellmunt A, Germán-Romero A. The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to reduce lower limb spasticity in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Top Stroke Rehabil 2019; 27:137-157. [DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1654242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cabanas-Valdés
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Calvo-Sanz
- Physiotherapy Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Asepeyo Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Urrùtia
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Serra-Llobet
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Germán-Romero
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Grosprêtre S, Gimenez P, Mourot L, Coratella G. Elastic band exercise induces greater neuromuscular fatigue than phasic isometric contractions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 47:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Grosprêtre S, Bouguetoch A, Martin A. Cortical and spinal excitabilities are differently balanced in power athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:415-425. [PMID: 31203789 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1633414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is recognised that power-sport practices have a particular effect on lower-limb neuromuscular parameters. Less is known about corticospinal network adaptation, however, or whether these adaptations are specific to the lower limb. In the present study, the corticospinal and spinal excitabilities of upper and lower limbs have been examined in a group of untrained participants (UT, n = 10) and compared to those of a group of well-trained athletes practicing parkour (PK, n = 10). This activity, consisting of overcoming obstacles offered by the urban environment, was chosen as a model of power activity. The motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulations and H-reflexes and maximal M-waves evoked by peripheral nerve stimulations were elicited in both upper- (flexor carpi radialis [FCR]) and lower-limb muscles (soleus [SOL] and gastrocnemius medialis [GM]). The results tended toward an overall greater corticospinal excitability in PK than in UT (as evidenced by greater MEP/Mmax ratio) and lower spinal excitability (lower Hmax/Mmax). H/MMAX ratio was lower for PK (0.32) than for UT (0.41) in SOL (p = 0.02), while MEP/MMAX was greater for PK than for UT in FCR (PK: 0.12; UT: 0.06; P = 0.04) and in GM (PK: 0.05, UT: 0.03, P = 0.02). In both limbs, the decrease of spinal excitability induced by parkour practice was counterbalanced by an increase in cortical excitability. Finally, the present study indicates that such long-term power practice leads to similar corticospinal plasticity in upper and lower limbs, explained by the similar solicitation of those muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Grosprêtre
- EA4660, C3S Culture Sport Health Society, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Amandine Bouguetoch
- Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Grosprêtre S, Gimenez P, Martin A. Neuromuscular and electromechanical properties of ultra-power athletes: the traceurs. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1361-1371. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Merlet AN, Cattagni T, Cornu C, Jubeau M. Effect of knee angle on neuromuscular assessment of plantar flexor muscles: A reliability study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195220. [PMID: 29596480 PMCID: PMC5875874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-session reliability of neuromuscular assessment of plantar flexor (PF) muscles at three knee angles. METHODS Twelve young adults were tested for three knee angles (90°, 30° and 0°) and at three time points separated by 1 hour (intra-session) and 7 days (inter-session). Electrical (H reflex, M wave) and mechanical (evoked and maximal voluntary torque, activation level) parameters were measured on the PF muscles. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation were calculated to determine intra- and inter-session reliability. RESULTS The mechanical measurements presented excellent (ICC>0.75) intra- and inter-session reliabilities regardless of the knee angle considered. The reliability of electrical measurements was better for the 90° knee angle compared to the 0° and 30° angles. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the knee angle may influence the reliability of neuromuscular assessments, which indicates the importance of considering the knee angle to collect consistent outcomes on the PF muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle N. Merlet
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Inserm Unit 1179, Team 3: Technologies and Innovative Therapies Applied to Neuromuscular diseases, UVSQ. CIC 805, Physiology-Functional Testing Ward, AP-HP, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christophe Cornu
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Corticospinal and Spinal Excitabilities Are Modulated during Motor Imagery Associated with Somatosensory Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:8265427. [PMID: 29849569 PMCID: PMC5937430 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8265427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI), the mental simulation of an action, influences the cortical, corticospinal, and spinal levels, despite the lack of somatosensory afferent feedbacks. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of MI associated with somatosensory stimulation (SS) on the corticospinal and spinal excitabilities. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation to induce motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and H-reflexes, respectively, in soleus and medialis gastrocnemius (MG) muscles of the right leg. Twelve participants performed three tasks: (1) MI of submaximal plantar flexion, (2) SS at 65 Hz on the posterior tibial nerve with an intensity below the motor threshold, and (3) MI + SS. MEP and H-reflex amplitudes were recorded before, during, and after the tasks. Our results confirmed that MI increased corticospinal excitability in a time-specific manner. We found that MI + SS tended to potentiate MEP amplitude of the MG muscle compared to MI alone. We confirmed that SS decreased spinal excitability, and this decrease was partially compensated when combined with MI, especially for the MG muscle. The increase of CSE could be explained by a modulation of the spinal inhibitions induced by SS, depending on the amount of afferent feedbacks.
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Grosprêtre S, Jacquet T, Lebon F, Papaxanthis C, Martin A. Neural mechanisms of strength increase after one-week motor imagery training. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 18:209-218. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1415377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Grosprêtre
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory – Culture, Sport, Health and Society, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Jacquet
- Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Florent Lebon
- Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Preparatory cortical and spinal settings to counteract anticipated and non-anticipated perturbations. Neuroscience 2017; 365:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Cattagni T, Merlet AN, Cornu C, Jubeau M. H-reflex and M-wave recordings: effect of pressure application to the stimulation electrode on the assessment of evoked potentials and subject's discomfort. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:416-424. [PMID: 28444940 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of different types of pressure applied to the stimulation electrode on assessing the efficiency of Ia-α-motoneuron transmission of the soleus muscle and the associated discomfort using electrical nerve stimulation. Twelve healthy young adults participated in three experimental sessions (one for each knee angle). The amplitudes of the maximal Hoffmann reflex (Hmax ) and motor potential (Mmax ) were recorded from the soleus muscle at 0°, 30° and 90° knee angles (0° full extension) through three pressure applications to the stimulation electrode: no pressure, pressure with manual application and pressure using adhesive tape. The soleus Hmax /Mmax were calculated to assess the efficiency of Ia-α-motoneuron transmission during varied knee angles and pressure application to the stimulation electrode. At the stimulation intensity evoking soleus Hmax and Mmax , subjects were asked to orally provide a value between 'no discomfort' (0) and 'worst possible discomfort' (10). The application of pressure on the stimulation electrode, particularly using adhesive tape, decreased both the stimulation intensity needed to evoke an electrophysiological response and the associated self-reported discomfort (P<0·05), while the Hmax /Mmax remained constant. At the stimulation intensity evoking Mmax , the electrical stimulation appeared to be more painful at 0° knee angle compared with 30° and 90° angles (P<0·01). To conclude, this study showed that a knee flexion and a pressure application to the stimulation electrode, especially using tape pressure, are recommended in the objective to reduce the patient/subjects' discomfort when eliciting evoked potentials on soleus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cattagni
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Angèle N Merlet
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Cornu
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Grosprêtre S, Duclay J, Martin A. Assessment of Homonymous Recurrent Inhibition during Voluntary Contraction by Conditioning Nerve Stimulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167062. [PMID: 27880831 PMCID: PMC5120836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the amount of spinal homonymous recurrent inhibition during voluntary contraction is usually assessed by using a peripheral nerve stimulation paradigm. This method consists of conditioning the maximal M-wave (SM stimulus) with prior reflex stimulation (S1), with 10 ms inter-stimulus interval (ISI). The decrease observed between unconditioned (S1 only) and conditioned (S1+SM) reflex size is then attributed to recurrent inhibition. However, during a voluntary contraction, a superimposed SM stimulation leads to a maximal M-wave followed by a voluntary (V) wave at similar latency than the H-reflex. This wave can therefore interfere with the conditioned H-reflex when two different stimulation intensities are used (S1 and SM), leading to misinterpretation of the data. The aim of the present study was to assess if conditioning V-wave response instead of H-reflex, by applying SM for both stimuli (test and conditioning), can be used as an index of recurrent inhibition. Conditioned and unconditioned responses of soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles were recorded in twelve subjects at 25% and at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction at the usual ISI of 10 ms and an optimal inter-stimulus of 15 ms determined upon M- and V-wave latencies. Conditioned H-reflex (obtained with S1+SM paradigm) was significantly lower than the unconditioned by ~30% on average, meaning that the amount of inhibition was 70%. This amount of recurrent inhibition was significantly lower at higher force level with both methods. Regardless of the level of force or the conditioning ISI, results obtained with V-wave conditioning (SM+SM) were similar at both force levels, linearly correlated and proportional to those obtained with H conditioning. Then, V-wave conditioning appears to be a reliable index of homonymous recurrent inhibition during voluntary contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Grosprêtre
- INSERM CAPS UMR 1093, Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- EA4660, C3S Culture Sport Health Society, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Julien Duclay
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Martin
- INSERM CAPS UMR 1093, Cognition, Action and Sensorimotor Plasticity, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Gueugneau N, Grosprêtre S, Stapley P, Lepers R. High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation modulates interhemispheric inhibition in healthy humans. J Neurophysiol 2016; 117:467-475. [PMID: 27832594 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00355.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (HF NMES) induces muscular contractions through neural mechanisms that partially match physiological motor control. Indeed, a portion of the contraction arises from central mechanisms, whereby spinal motoneurons are recruited through the evoked sensory volley. However, the involvement of supraspinal centers of motor control during such stimulation remains poorly understood. Therefore, we tested whether a single HF NMES session applied to the upper limb influences interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) from left to right motor cortex (M1). Using noninvasive electrophysiology and transcranial magnetic stimulation, we evaluated the effects of a 10-min HF NMES session applied to a right wrist flexor on spinal and corticospinal excitability of both arms, as well as IHI, in healthy subjects. HF NMES induced a rapid decline in spinal excitability on the right stimulated side that closely matched the modulation of evoked force during the protocol. More importantly, IHI was significantly increased by HF NMES, and this increase was correlated to the electromyographic activity within the contralateral homologous muscle. Our study highlights a new neurophysiological mechanism, suggesting that HF NMES has an effect on the excitability of the transcallosal pathway probably to regulate the lateralization of the motor output. The data suggest that HF NMES can modify the hemispheric balance between both M1 areas. These findings provide important novel perspectives for the implementation of HF NMES in sport training and neurorehabilitation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (HF NMES) induces muscular contractions that partially match physiological motor control. Here, we tested whether HF NMES applied to the upper limb influences interhemispheric inhibition. Our results show that interhemispheric inhibition was increased after HF NMES and that this increase was correlated to the electromyographic activity within the contralateral homologous muscle. This opens up original perspectives for the implementation of HF NMES in sport training and neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gueugneau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale CAPS UMR 1093, Dijon, France; .,University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, CAPS UMR 1093, Dijon, France; and
| | - Sidney Grosprêtre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale CAPS UMR 1093, Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, CAPS UMR 1093, Dijon, France; and
| | - Paul Stapley
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine, and Health, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romuald Lepers
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale CAPS UMR 1093, Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, CAPS UMR 1093, Dijon, France; and
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Papaiordanidou M, Takamatsu S, Rezaei-Mazinani S, Lonjaret T, Martin A, Ismailova E. Cutaneous Recording and Stimulation of Muscles Using Organic Electronic Textiles. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2001-6. [PMID: 27242014 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electronic textiles are an emerging field providing novel and non-intrusive solutions for healthcare. Conducting polymer-coated textiles enable a new generation of fully organic surface electrodes for electrophysiological evaluations. Textile electrodes are able to assess high quality muscular monitoring and to perform transcutaneous electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaiordanidou
- UMR7287; CNRS; Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice; Université de Bourgogne; UFR STAPS; Campus Universitaire; BP 27877 F-21078 Dijon France
| | - Seiichi Takamatsu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; 1-2-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-8564 Japan
| | - Shahab Rezaei-Mazinani
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines; CMP-EMSE; MOC 13541 Gardanne France
| | - Thomas Lonjaret
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines; CMP-EMSE; MOC 13541 Gardanne France
- MicroVitae Technologies; Hôtel Technologique; Europarc Sainte Victoire Bât 6, Route de Valbrillant 13590 Meyreuil France
| | - Alain Martin
- INSERM U 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice; Université de Bourgogne; UFR STAPS; Campus Universitaire; BP 27877 F-21078 Dijon France
| | - Esma Ismailova
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines; CMP-EMSE; MOC 13541 Gardanne France
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Tanuma A, Fujiwara T, Yamaguchi T, Ro T, Arano H, Uehara S, Honaga K, Mukaino M, Kimura A, Liu M. After-effects of pedaling exercise on spinal excitability and spinal reciprocal inhibition in patients with chronic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:73-79. [PMID: 26785780 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2016.1144055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To evaluate the after-effects of pedaling on spinal excitability and spinal reciprocal inhibition in patients with post-stroke spastic hemiparesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty stroke patients with severe hemiparesis participated in this study and were instructed to perform 7 min of active pedaling and 7 min of passive pedaling with a recumbent ergometer at a comfortable speed. H reflexes and M waves of paretic soleus muscles were recorded at rest before, immediately after and 30 min after active and passive pedaling. The Hmax/Mmax ratio and H recruitment curve were measured. Reciprocal inhibition was assessed using the soleus H reflex conditioning test paradigm. RESULTS The Hmax/Mmax ratio was significantly decreased after active and passive pedaling exercise. The decreased Hmax/Mmax ratio after active pedaling lasted at least for 30 min. The H recruitment curve and reciprocal inhibition did not change significantly after active or passive pedaling exercise. CONCLUSIONS Pedaling exercise decreased spinal excitability in patients with severe hemiparesis. Pedaling may be effective in rehabilitation following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tanuma
- a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,b Division of Rehabilitation Medicine , Shizuoka Cancer Center , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fujiwara
- c Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yamaguchi
- a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takanori Ro
- d Department of Rehabilitation , Asahikawa Medical University , Asahikawa , Japan
| | | | - Shintaro Uehara
- f Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology , Osaka , Japan.,g Japan Society for Promotion of Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kaoru Honaga
- a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masahiko Mukaino
- a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akio Kimura
- a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Meigen Liu
- a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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Grosprêtre S, Lebon F, Papaxanthis C, Martin A. New evidence of corticospinal network modulation induced by motor imagery. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:1279-88. [PMID: 26719089 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00952.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is the mental simulation of movement, without the corresponding muscle contraction. Whereas the activation of cortical motor areas during MI is established, the involvement of spinal structures is still under debate. We used original and complementary techniques to probe the influence of MI on spinal structures. Amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), cervico-medullary-evoked potentials (CMEPs), and Hoffmann (H)-reflexes of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle and of the triceps surae muscles was measured in young, healthy subjects at rest and during MI. Participants were asked to imagine maximal voluntary contraction of the wrist and ankle, while the targeted limb was fixed (static condition). We confirmed previous studies with an increase of FCR MEPs during MI compared with rest. Interestingly, CMEPs, but not H-reflexes, also increased during MI, revealing a possible activation of subcortical structures. Then, to investigate the effect of MI on the spinal network, we used two techniques: 1) passive lengthening of the targeted muscle via an isokinetic dynamometer and 2) conditioning of H-reflexes with stimulation of the antagonistic nerve. Both techniques activate spinal inhibitory presynaptic circuitry, reducing the H-reflex amplitude at rest. In contrast, no reduction of H-reflex amplitude was observed during MI. These findings suggest that MI has modulatory effects on the spinal neuronal network. Specifically, the activation of low-threshold spinal structures during specific conditions (lengthening and H-reflex conditioning) highlights the possible generation of subliminal cortical output during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Grosprêtre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1093, Faculté des sciences du sport, Dijon, France; and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Florent Lebon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1093, Faculté des sciences du sport, Dijon, France; and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1093, Faculté des sciences du sport, Dijon, France; and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1093, Faculté des sciences du sport, Dijon, France; and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Papaiordanidou M, Mustacchi V, Stevenot JD, Vanoncini M, Martin A. Spinal and supraspinal mechanisms affecting torque development at different joint angles. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:626-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaiordanidou
- UMR7287, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Valérie Mustacchi
- UMR7287, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Jean-Damien Stevenot
- UMR7287, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Michele Vanoncini
- UMR7287, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Alain Martin
- INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne, UFR STAPS; Campus Universitaire Dijon France
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Rozand V, Grosprêtre S, Stapley PJ, Lepers R. Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26436986 DOI: 10.3791/52974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, spinal and peripheral levels). The present protocol describes how this method can be used to stimulate the posterior tibial nerve that activates plantar flexor muscles. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation consists of inducing an electrical stimulus to a motor nerve to evoke a muscular response. Direct (M-wave) and/or indirect (H-reflex) electrophysiological responses can be recorded at rest using surface electromyography. Mechanical (twitch torque) responses can be quantified with a force/torque ergometer. M-wave and twitch torque reflect neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling, whereas H-reflex provides an index of spinal excitability. EMG activity and mechanical (superimposed twitch) responses can also be recorded during maximal voluntary contractions to evaluate voluntary activation level. Percutaneous nerve stimulation provides an assessment of neuromuscular function in humans, and is highly beneficial especially for studies evaluating neuromuscular plasticity following acute (fatigue) or chronic (training/detraining) exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Rozand
- INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté;
| | - Sidney Grosprêtre
- INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
| | - Paul J Stapley
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
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Alexandre F, Derosiere G, Papaiordanidou M, Billot M, Varray A. Cortical motor output decreases after neuromuscular fatigue induced by electrical stimulation of the plantar flexor muscles. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:124-34. [PMID: 25740017 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) causes early onset of neuromuscular fatigue. Peripheral electrophysiological explorations suggest that supra-spinal alterations are involved through sensitive afferent pathways. As sensory input is projected over the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), S1 area involvement in inhibiting the central motor drive can be hypothesized. This study assessed cortical activity under a fatiguing NMES protocol at low frequency. METHODS Twenty healthy males performed five NMES sequences of 17 trains over the plantar flexors (30 Hz, 4 s on/6 s off). Before and after each sequence, neuromuscular tests composed of maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) were carried out. Cortical activity was assessed during MVCs with functional near-infrared spectroscopy over S1 and primary motor (M1) areas, through oxy- [HbO] and deoxy-haemoglobin [HbR] variation. Electrophysiological data (H-reflex during MVC, EMG activity and level of voluntary activation) were also recorded. RESULTS MVC torque significantly decreased after the first 17 NMES trains (P < 0.001). The electrophysiological data were consistent with supra-spinal alterations. In addition, [HbO] declined significantly during the protocol over the S1 and M1 areas from the first 17 NMES trains (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively), while [HbR] increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively), indicating early decline in cortical activity over both primary cortical areas. CONCLUSIONS The declining cortical activity over the M1 area is highly consistent with the electrophysiological findings and supports motor cortex involvement in the loss of force after a fatiguing NMES protocol. In addition, the declining cortical activity over the S1 area indicates that the decreased motor output from M1 is not due to increased S1 inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Alexandre
- Movement To Health; Euromov; Montpellier University; Montpellier France
- Fontalvie; Clinique du Souffle ‘la Vallonie’; Lodève France
| | - G. Derosiere
- Movement To Health; Euromov; Montpellier University; Montpellier France
- Biomedical Engineering Research Group; National University of Ireland; Maynooth Ireland
| | - M. Papaiordanidou
- Movement To Health; Euromov; Montpellier University; Montpellier France
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement; Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - M. Billot
- Movement To Health; Euromov; Montpellier University; Montpellier France
| | - A. Varray
- Movement To Health; Euromov; Montpellier University; Montpellier France
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Grosprêtre S, Martin A. Conditioning effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation evoking motor-evoked potential on V-wave response. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/12/e12191. [PMID: 25501438 PMCID: PMC4332197 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the collision responsible for the volitional V‐wave evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation of the motor nerve during voluntary contraction. V‐wave was conditioned by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex at several inter‐stimuli intervals (ISI) during weak voluntary plantar flexions (n = 10) and at rest for flexor carpi radialis muscle (FCR; n = 6). Conditioning stimulations were induced by TMS with intensity eliciting maximal motor‐evoked potential (MEPmax). ISIs used were ranging from −20 to +20 msec depending on muscles tested. The results showed that, for triceps surae muscles, conditioning TMS increased the V‐wave amplitude (~ +250%) and the associated mechanical response (~ +30%) during weak voluntary plantar flexion (10% of the maximal voluntary contraction ‐MVC) for ISIs ranging from +6 to +18 msec. Similar effect was observed at rest for the FCR with ISI ranging from +6 to +12 msec. When the level of force was increased from 10 to 50% MVC or the conditioning TMS intensity was reduced to elicit responses of 50% of MEPmax, a significant decrease in the conditioned V‐wave amplitude was observed for the triceps surae muscles, linearly correlated to the changes in MEP amplitude. The slope of this correlation, as well as the electro‐mechanical efficiency, was closed to the identity line, indicating that V‐wave impact at muscle level seems to be similar to the impact of cortical stimulation. All these results suggest that change in V‐wave amplitude is a great index to reflect changes in cortical neural drive addressed to spinal motoneurons. This study aimed to condition V‐wave by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), allowing assessing the amplitude and time‐delays of the descending drive. Thus, by modulating TMS intensities, levels of voluntary contraction and inter‐stimuli intervals, we were able to estimate the possible site of the collision allowing recording of V‐wave and the link with motor‐evoked potential magnitude and V‐wave amplitude. These results bring new knowledge about the modulation of the V‐wave and its interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Grosprêtre
- Faculté des sciences du sport, INSERM U1093, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Faculté des sciences du sport, INSERM U1093, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Papaiordanidou M, Stevenot JD, Mustacchi V, Vanoncini M, Martin A. Electrically induced torque decrease reflects more than muscle fatigue. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:604-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaiordanidou
- UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences du Sport; Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Jean-Damien Stevenot
- UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences du Sport; Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Valerie Mustacchi
- UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences du Sport; Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Michele Vanoncini
- UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences du Sport; Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Alain Martin
- INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne, UFR STAPS; Campus Universitaire; Dijon France
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Reliability of H-reflex in vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles during passive and active isometric conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:2509-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cattagni T, Martin A, Scaglioni G. Is spinal excitability of the triceps surae mainly affected by muscle activity or body position? J Neurophysiol 2014; 111:2525-32. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00455.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine how muscle activity and body orientation contribute to the triceps surae spinal transmission modulation, when moving from a sitting to a standing position. Maximal Hoffmann-reflex (Hmax) and motor potential (Mmax) were evoked in the soleus (SOL), medial and lateral gastrocnemius in 10 male subjects and in three conditions, passive sitting, active sitting and upright standing, with the same SOL activity in active sitting and upright standing. Moreover volitional wave (V) was evoked in the two active conditions (i.e., active sitting and upright standing). The results showed that SOL Hmax/Mmax was lower in active sitting than in passive sitting, while for the gastrocnemii it was not significantly altered. For the three plantar flexors, Hmax/Mmax was lower in upright standing than in active sitting, whereas V/Mmax was not modulated. SOL H-reflex is therefore affected by the increase in muscle activity and change in body orientation, while, in the gastrocnemii, it was only affected by a change in posture. In conclusion, passing from a sitting to a standing position affects the Hmax/Mmax of the whole triceps surae, but the mechanisms responsible for this change differ among the synergist muscles. The V/Mmax does not change when upright stance is assumed. This means that the increased inhibitory activity in orthostatic position is compensated by an increased excitatory inflow to the α-motoneurons of central and/or peripheral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Cattagni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1093, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - A. Martin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1093, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - G. Scaglioni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1093, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Grosprêtre S, Papaxanthis C, Martin A. Modulation of spinal excitability by a sub-threshold stimulation of M1 area during muscle lengthening. Neuroscience 2014; 263:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Doix ACM, Matkowski B, Martin A, Roeleveld K, Colson SS. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation intensity over the tibial nerve trunk on triceps surae muscle fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 114:317-29. [PMID: 24281826 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate whether the intensity modulation of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) protocol delivered over the nerve trunk of the plantar flexors would lead to differential peripheral and central contributions of muscle fatigue. METHODS Three fatiguing isometric protocols of the plantar flexors matched for the same amount of isometric torque-time integral (TTI) were randomly performed including a volitional protocol at 20 % of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and two NMES protocols (one at constant intensity, CST; the other at intensity level progressively adjusted to maintain 20 % of MVC, PROG). RESULTS No time x protocol interaction was found for any of the variables. The MVC decreased similarly (≈12 %, p < 0.001) after all protocols, so did the potentiated twitch responses (p = 0.001). Although voluntary activation of the plantar flexors did not change, maximal H-reflex to M-wave ratio of the soleus (SOL) and the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscles showed an overall increase (SOL: p = 0.037, GM: p = 0.041), while it remained stable for the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle (p = 0.221). A main time effect was observed only for the SOL maximal V-wave to the superimposed M-wave ratio (p = 0.024) and to the superimposed H-reflex (p = 0.008). While similar central and peripheral adaptations were observed after the three fatiguing protocols, the individual contribution of the three different triceps surae muscles was different. CONCLUSION Whether the current intensity was increased or not, the adaptations after a NMES protocol yield to similar muscle fatigue adaptations as voluntary contractions likely through similar pathways matching a similar TTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Clémence M Doix
- University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Human Motricity Education Sport and Health (EA 6309), Faculty of Sport Sciences, 261, route de Grenoble B.P. 32 59, 06205, Nice Cedex 03, France,
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental design. Objective To determine test-retest reliability across sessions of the thoracolumbar multisegmental motor responses (MMR) in the upper and lower limbs of healthy subjects. Test-retest reliability of MMR has not been established or examined in previous studies. SETTINGS Neuro Laboratory of the Texas Woman's University (School of Physical Therapy, Houston, TX, USA). METHODS The MMR of 15 healthy subjects were tested over two sessions. T11-12 vertebral segments were electrically stimulated using surface electrodes. MMR signals of the upper and lower limbs were recorded, using surface electrodes, from the upper extremity muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, flexor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii), and from the lower extremity muscles (vastus medialis obliqus, medial hamstring, soleus, tibialis anterior). The peak-to-peak maximum amplitude and deflection latency were the dependent parameters. Data from the first session was compared with a second session (on a different day), using interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), to evaluate the reliability across sessions. In addition, data from the right limbs were compared with the left limbs. RESULTS MMR of the right and left, upper and lower extremities were comparable between limbs in all subjects. Further, signals were highly correlated between days of testing (ICC = 0.58-0.99) and was not statistically different between the two sessions in the same subject. CONCLUSION These results indicate that MMR studies could be useful for serial testing of patients with neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Uzun
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; and Texas Electrophysiology Services, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mohamed A. Sabbahi
- Texas Electrophysiology Services, Houston, TX, USA; and School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, USA
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Influence of stimulus intensity on the soleus H-reflex amplitude and modulation during locomotion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012. [PMID: 23186866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverging results have been reported regarding the modulation and amplitude of the soleus H-reflex measured during human walking and running. A possible explanation to this could be the use of too high stimulus strength in some studies while not in others. During activities like walking and running it is necessary to use a small M-wave to control the effective stimulus strength during all phases of the movement. This implies that the descending part of the H-reflex recruitment curve is being used, which may lead to an unwanted suppression of the H-reflex due to limitations imbedded within the H-reflex methodology itself. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to study the effect on the soleus H-reflex during walking and running using stimulus intensities normally considered too high (up to 45% Mmax). Using M-waves of 25-45% Mmax as opposed to 5-25% Mmax showed a significant suppression of the peak H-reflex during the stance phase of walking, while no changes were observed during running. No differences were observed regarding modulation pattern. So a possible use of too high stimulus intensity cannot explain the differences mentioned. The surprising result in running may be explained by the much higher voluntary muscle activity, which implies the existence of a V-wave influencing the H-reflex amplitude in positive direction.
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