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Speranza BE, Hill AT, Do M, Cerins A, Donaldson PH, Desarkar P, Oberman LM, Das S, Enticott PG, Kirkovski M. The Neurophysiological Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation as Measured by Electroencephalography: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00206-4. [PMID: 39084526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can modulate neural activity. The effect of TBS on regions beyond the motor cortex remains unclear. With increased interest in applying TBS to non-motor regions for research and clinical purposes, these effects must be understood and characterised. We synthesised the electrophysiological effects of a single session of TBS, as indexed by electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG (TMS-EEG), in non-clinical participants. We reviewed 79 studies that administered either continuous TBS (cTBS) or intermittent TBS (iTBS) protocols. Broadly, cTBS suppressed and iTBS facilitated evoked response component amplitudes. Response to TBS as measured by spectral power and connectivity was much more variable. Variability increased in the presence of task stimuli. There was a large degree of heterogeneity in the research methodology across studies. Additionally, the effect of individual differences on TBS response is insufficiently investigated. Future research investigating the effects of TBS as measured by EEG must consider methodological and individual factors that may affect TBS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette E Speranza
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Aron T Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Do
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andris Cerins
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter H Donaldson
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pushpal Desarkar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lindsay M Oberman
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sushmit Das
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Kirkovski
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Zolezzi DM, Larsen DB, Zamorano AM, Graven-Nielsen T. Facilitation of Early and Middle Latency SEP after tDCS of M1: No Evidence of Primary Somatosensory Homeostatic Plasticity. Neuroscience 2024; 551:143-152. [PMID: 38735429 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is a mechanism that stabilizes cortical excitability within a physiological range. Most homeostatic plasticity protocols have primed and tested the homeostatic response of the primary motor cortex (M1). This study investigated if a homeostatic response could be recorded from the primary sensory cortex (S1) after inducing homeostatic plasticity in M1. In 31 healthy participants, homeostatic plasticity was induced over M1 with a priming and testing block of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in two different sessions (anodal and cathodal). S1 excitability was assessed by early (N20, P25) and middle-latency (N33-P45) somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) extracted from 4 electrodes (CP5, CP3, P5, P3). Baseline and post-measures (post-priming, 0-min, 10-min, and 20-min after homeostatic induction) were taken. Anodal M1 homeostatic plasticity induction significantly facilitated the N20-P25, P45 peak, and N33-P45 early SEP components up to 20-min post-induction, without any indication of a homeostatic response (i.e., reduced SEP). Cathodal homeostatic induction did not induce any significant effect on early or middle latency SEPs. M1 homeostatic plasticity induction by anodal stimulation protocol to the primary motor cortex did not induce a homeostatic response in SEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Zolezzi
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dennis B Larsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anna M Zamorano
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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3
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Zolezzi DM, Larsen DB, McPhee M, Graven-Nielsen T. Effects of pain on cortical homeostatic plasticity in humans: a systematic review. Pain Rep 2024; 9:e1141. [PMID: 38444774 PMCID: PMC10914232 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity (HP) is a negative feedback mechanism that prevents excessive facilitation or depression of cortical excitability (CE). Cortical HP responses in humans have been investigated by using 2 blocks of noninvasive brain stimulation with a no-stimulation block in between. A healthy HP response is characterized by reduced CE after 2 excitatory stimulation blocks and increased CE when using inhibitory stimulation. Conversely, impaired HP responses have been demonstrated in experimental and chronic pain conditions. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the effect of pain on cortical HP in humans. Scopus, Embase, and PubMed were searched from inception until November 20, 2023. The included studies (1) compared experimental or clinical pain conditions with healthy controls, (2) induced HP using 2 blocks of stimulation with a no-stimulation interval, and (3) evaluated CE measures such as motor-evoked potentials. Four studies were included, consisting of 5 experiments and 146 participants, of whom 63 were patients with chronic pain and 48 were subjected to an experimental pain model. This systematic review found support for an HP impairment in pain compared with that in pain-free states, reflected by a lack of CE reduction after excitatory-excitatory HP induction over the primary motor cortex. Inhibitory-inhibitory HP induction did not produce a consistent HP response across studies, independent of pain or pain-free states. Standardization of HP induction protocols and outcome calculations is needed to ensure reproducibility and study comparison. Future HP studies may consider investigating sensory domains including nociception, which would further our understanding of abnormal HP regulation in pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. Zolezzi
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dennis B. Larsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Megan McPhee
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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4
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Wittkopf PG, Boye Larsen D, Gregoret L, Graven-Nielsen T. Disrupted Cortical Homeostatic Plasticity Due to Prolonged Capsaicin-induced Pain. Neuroscience 2023; 533:1-9. [PMID: 37774909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity (HP) regulates cortical excitability (CE) stability but is disrupted in persistent pain conditions. This study investigated how prolonged experimental pain affects HP and if pain relief modulates disrupted HP. Twenty-four healthy participants were randomised into a PainRelief or NoPainRelief group and attended four sessions; two sessions on consecutive days, separated by two weeks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation motor-evoked potentials reflecting CE and quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures were recorded. A capsaicin (pain condition) or placebo (control condition) patch was applied to the hand. HP was induced by cathodal-cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (HP1) with CE assessment before and after. The PainRelief group had ice applied to the patch, while the NoPainRelief group waited for five minutes; subsequently another HP induction (HP2) and CE assessment were performed. After 24 h with the patch on, HP induction (HP3), QST, and CE recordings were repeated. Capsaicin reduced CE and the pain condition showed disrupted homeostatic responses at all time points (HP1: showed CE inhibition instead of facilitation; HP2 & HP3: lack of CE facilitation). Conversely, homeostatic responses were induced at all time points for the placebo condition. Capsaicin pain disrupts HP which is not restored by ice-induced pain relief. Future research may explore the prevention of HP disruption by targeting capsaicin-induced nociception but not pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Geraldine Wittkopf
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dennis Boye Larsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Luisina Gregoret
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Ramdeo KR, Fahnestock M, Gibala M, Selvaganapathy PR, Lee J, Nelson AJ. The Effects of Exercise on Synaptic Plasticity in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol for a Pilot Intervention Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e50030. [PMID: 37851488 PMCID: PMC10620638 DOI: 10.2196/50030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome preceding more severe impairment characterized by dementia. MCI affects an estimated 15% to 20% of people older than 65 years. Nonpharmacological interventions including exercise are recommended as part of overall MCI management based on the positive effects of exercise on cognitive performance. Interval training involves brief intermittent bouts of exercise interspersed with short recovery periods. This type of exercise promotes cognitive improvement and can be performed in individuals with MCI. Synaptic plasticity can be assessed in vivo by the neurophysiological response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). A method to assess synaptic plasticity uses an intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), which is a patterned form of rTMS. Individuals with MCI have decreased responses to iTBS, reflecting reduced synaptic plasticity. It is unknown whether interval training causes changes in synaptic plasticity in individuals living with MCI. OBJECTIVE This research will determine whether interval training performed using a cycle ergometer enhances synaptic plasticity in individuals with MCI. The three aims are to (1) quantify synaptic plasticity after interval training performed at a self-determined intensity in individuals with MCI; (2) determine whether changes in synaptic plasticity correlate with changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, osteocalcin, and cognition; and (3) assess participant compliance to the exercise schedule. METHODS 24 individuals diagnosed with MCI will be recruited for assignment to 1 of the 2 equally sized groups: exercise and no exercise. The exercise group will perform exercise 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Synaptic plasticity will be measured before and following the 4-week intervention. At these time points, synaptic plasticity will be measured as the response to single-pulse TMS, reflected as the percent change in the average amplitude of 20 motor-evoked potentials before and after an iTBS rTMS protocol, which is used to induce synaptic plasticity. In addition, individuals will complete a battery of cognitive assessments and provide a blood sample from the antecubital vein to determine serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and osteocalcin. RESULTS The study began in September 2023. CONCLUSIONS The proposed research is the first to assess whether synaptic plasticity is enhanced after exercise training in individuals with MCI. If exercise does indeed modify synaptic plasticity, this will create a new avenue by which we can study and manipulate neural plasticity in these individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05663918; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05663918. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/50030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma R Ramdeo
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Justin Lee
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Turrini S, Fiori F, Chiappini E, Santarnecchi E, Romei V, Avenanti A. Gradual enhancement of corticomotor excitability during cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14670. [PMID: 36038605 PMCID: PMC9424198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is an effective transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method for inducing associative plasticity between interconnected brain areas in humans. Prior ccPAS studies have focused on protocol’s aftereffects. Here, we investigated physiological changes induced “online” during ccPAS administration. We tested 109 participants receiving ccPAS over left ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) using a standard procedure (90 paired-pulses with 8-ms interstimulus interval, repeated at 0.1 Hz frequency). On each paired-pulse, we recorded a motor-evoked potential (MEP) to continuously trace the emergence of corticomotor changes. Participant receiving forward-ccPAS (on each pair, a first TMS pulse was administered over PMv, second over M1, i.e., PMv-to-M1) showed a gradual and linear increase in MEP size that did not reach a plateau at the end of the protocol and was greater in participants with low motor threshold. Participants receiving reverse-ccPAS (i.e., M1-to-PMv) showed a trend toward inhibition. Our study highlights the facilitatory and inhibitory modulations that occur during ccPAS administration and suggest that online MEP monitoring could provide insights into the malleability of the motor system and protocol’s effectiveness. Our findings open interesting prospects about ccPAS potential optimization in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,NeXT: Unità di ricerca di Neurofisiologia e Neuroingegneria dell'Interazione Uomo-Tecnologia, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy. .,Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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7
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Sasaki R, Watanabe H, Onishi H. Therapeutic benefits of noninvasive somatosensory cortex stimulation on cortical plasticity and somatosensory function: a systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4669-4698. [PMID: 35804487 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Optimal limb coordination requires efficient transmission of somatosensory information to the sensorimotor cortex. The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is frequently damaged by stroke, resulting in both somatosensory and motor impairments. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to the primary motor cortex is thought to induce neural plasticity that facilitates neurorehabilitation. Several studies have also examined if NIBS to the S1 can enhance somatosensory processing as assessed by somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and improve behavioral task performance, but it remains uncertain if NIBS can reliably modulate S1 plasticity or even whether SEPs can reflect this plasticity. This systematic review revealed that NIBS has relatively minor effects on SEPs or somatosensory task performance, but larger early SEP changes after NIBS can still predict improved performance. Similarly, decreased paired-pulse inhibition in S1 post-NIBS is associated with improved somatosensory performance. However, several studies still debate the role of inhibitory function in somatosensory performance after NIBS in terms of the direction of the change (that, disinhibition or inhibition). Altogether, early SEP and paired-pulse inhibition (particularly inter-stimulus intervals of 30-100 ms) may become useful biomarkers for somatosensory deficits, but improved NIBS protocols are required for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoki Sasaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hiraku Watanabe
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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8
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Chatterjee O, Gopalakrishnan L, Mol P, Advani J, Nair B, Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Prasad TSK. The Normal Human Adult Hypothalamus Proteomic Landscape: Rise of Neuroproteomics in Biological Psychiatry and Systems Biology. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:693-710. [PMID: 34714154 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human hypothalamus is central to the regulation of neuroendocrine and neurovegetative systems, as well as modulation of chronobiology and behavioral aspects in human health and disease. Surprisingly, a deep proteomic analysis of the normal human hypothalamic proteome has been missing for such an important organ so far. In this study, we delineated the human hypothalamus proteome using a high-resolution mass spectrometry approach which resulted in the identification of 5349 proteins, while a multiple post-translational modification (PTM) search identified 191 additional proteins, which were missed in the first search. A proteogenomic analysis resulted in the discovery of multiple novel protein-coding regions as we identified proteins from noncoding regions (pseudogenes) and proteins translated from short open reading frames that can be missed using the traditional pipeline of prediction of protein-coding genes as a part of genome annotation. We also identified several PTMs of hypothalamic proteins that may be required for normal hypothalamic functions. Moreover, we observed an enrichment of proteins pertaining to autophagy and adult neurogenesis in the proteome data. We believe that the hypothalamic proteome reported herein would help to decipher the molecular basis for the diverse range of physiological functions attributed to it, as well as its role in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Extensive proteomic profiling of the hypothalamic nuclei would further elaborate on the role and functional characterization of several hypothalamus-specific proteins and pathways to inform future research and clinical discoveries in biological psychiatry, neurology, and system biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Lathika Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Praseeda Mol
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | - Susarla Krishna Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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9
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McGeown JP, Hume PA, Kara S, King D, Theadom A. Preliminary Evidence for the Clinical Utility of Tactile Somatosensory Assessments of Sport-Related mTBI. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:56. [PMID: 34370132 PMCID: PMC8353035 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical utility of tactile somatosensory assessments to assist clinicians in diagnosing sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (SR-mTBI), classifying recovery trajectory based on performance at initial clinical assessment, and determining if neurophysiological recovery coincided with clinical recovery. RESEARCH DESIGN Prospective cohort study with normative controls. METHODS At admission (n = 79) and discharge (n = 45/79), SR-mTBI patients completed the SCAT-5 symptom scale, along with the following three components from the Cortical Metrics Brain Gauge somatosensory assessment (BG-SA): temporal order judgement (TOJ), TOJ with confounding condition (TOJc), and duration discrimination (DUR). To assist SR-mTBI diagnosis on admission, BG-SA performance was used in logistic regression to discriminate cases belonging to the SR-mTBI sample or a healthy reference sample (pooled BG-SA data for healthy participants in previous studies). Decision trees evaluated how accurately BG-SA performance classified SR-mTBI recovery trajectories. RESULTS BG-SA TOJ, TOJc, and DUR poorly discriminated between cases belonging to the SR-mTBI sample or a healthy reference sample (0.54-0.70 AUC, 47.46-64.71 PPV, 48.48-61.11 NPV). The BG-SA evaluated did not accurately classify SR-mTBI recovery trajectories (> 14-day resolution 48%, ≤14-day resolution 54%, lost to referral/follow-up 45%). Mann-Whitney U tests revealed differences in BG-SA TOJc performance between SR-mTBI participants and the healthy reference sample at initial clinical assessment and at clinical recovery (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BG-SA TOJ, TOJc, and DUR appear to have limited clinical utility to assist clinicians with diagnosing SR-mTBI or predicting recovery trajectories under ecologically valid conditions. Neurophysiological abnormalities persisted beyond clinical recovery given abnormal BG-SA TOJc performance observed when SR-mTBI patients achieved clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P McGeown
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- Traumatic Brain Injury Network, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Patria A Hume
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Traumatic Brain Injury Network, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Kara
- Axis Sports Medicine Clinic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Doug King
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Traumatic Brain Injury Network, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Alice Theadom
- Traumatic Brain Injury Network, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Finkel S, Veit R, Lotze M, Friberg A, Vuust P, Soekadar S, Birbaumer N, Kleber B. Intermittent theta burst stimulation over right somatosensory larynx cortex enhances vocal pitch-regulation in nonsingers. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2174-2187. [PMID: 30666737 PMCID: PMC6865578 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While the significance of auditory cortical regions for the development and maintenance of speech motor coordination is well established, the contribution of somatosensory brain areas to learned vocalizations such as singing is less well understood. To address these mechanisms, we applied intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol, over right somatosensory larynx cortex (S1) and a nonvocal dorsal S1 control area in participants without singing experience. A pitch-matching singing task was performed before and after iTBS to assess corresponding effects on vocal pitch regulation. When participants could monitor auditory feedback from their own voice during singing (Experiment I), no difference in pitch-matching performance was found between iTBS sessions. However, when auditory feedback was masked with noise (Experiment II), only larynx-S1 iTBS enhanced pitch accuracy (50-250 ms after sound onset) and pitch stability (>250 ms after sound onset until the end). Results indicate that somatosensory feedback plays a dominant role in vocal pitch regulation when acoustic feedback is masked. The acoustic changes moreover suggest that right larynx-S1 stimulation affected the preparation and involuntary regulation of vocal pitch accuracy, and that kinesthetic-proprioceptive processes play a role in the voluntary control of pitch stability in nonsingers. Together, these data provide evidence for a causal involvement of right larynx-S1 in vocal pitch regulation during singing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Finkel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral NeurobiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral NeurobiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit; Center for Diagnostic Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Anders Friberg
- Department of Speech, Music and HearingKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Surjo Soekadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ)Charité Campus Mitte (CCM)BerlinGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Niels Birbaumer
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral NeurobiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
- Wyss Center for Bio and NeuroengineeringGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Boris Kleber
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral NeurobiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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11
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Fiori F, Chiappini E, Avenanti A. Enhanced action performance following TMS manipulation of associative plasticity in ventral premotor-motor pathway. Neuroimage 2018; 183:847-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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12
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Chung SW, Sullivan CM, Rogasch NC, Hoy KE, Bailey NW, Cash RFH, Fitzgerald PB. The effects of individualised intermittent theta burst stimulation in the prefrontal cortex: A TMS-EEG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:608-627. [PMID: 30251765 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted variability in response to theta burst stimulation (TBS) in humans. TBS paradigm was originally developed in rodents to mimic gamma bursts coupled with theta rhythms, and was shown to elicit long-term potentiation. The protocol was subsequently adapted for humans using standardised frequencies of stimulation. However, each individual has different rhythmic firing pattern. The present study sought to explore whether individualised intermittent TBS (Ind iTBS) could outperform the effects of two other iTBS variants. Twenty healthy volunteers received iTBS over left prefrontal cortex using 30 Hz at 6 Hz, 50 Hz at 5 Hz, or individualised frequency in separate sessions. Ind iTBS was determined using theta-gamma coupling during the 3-back task. Concurrent use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was used to track changes in cortical plasticity. We also utilised mood ratings using a visual analogue scale and assessed working memory via the 3-back task before and after stimulation. No group-level effect was observed following either 30 or 50 Hz iTBS in TMS-EEG. Ind iTBS significantly increased the amplitude of the TMS-evoked P60, and decreased N100 and P200 amplitudes. A significant positive correlation between neurophysiological change and change in mood rating was also observed. Improved accuracy in the 3-back task was observed following both 50 Hz and Ind iTBS conditions. These findings highlight the critical importance of frequency in the parameter space of iTBS. Tailored stimulation parameters appear more efficacious than standard paradigms in neurophysiological and mood changes. This novel approach presents a promising option and benefits may extend to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Chung
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caley M Sullivan
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil W Bailey
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia.,Epworth Clinic, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Paracampo R, Pirruccio M, Costa M, Borgomaneri S, Avenanti A. Visual, sensorimotor and cognitive routes to understanding others' enjoyment: An individual differences rTMS approach to empathic accuracy. Neuropsychologia 2018; 116:86-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Test-Retest Reliability of Homeostatic Plasticity in the Human Primary Motor Cortex. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:6207508. [PMID: 29983706 PMCID: PMC6015686 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6207508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity regulates synaptic activity by preventing uncontrolled increases (long-term potentiation) or decreases (long-term depression) in synaptic efficacy. Homeostatic plasticity can be induced and assessed in the human primary motor cortex (M1) using noninvasive brain stimulation. However, the reliability of this methodology has not been investigated. Here, we examined the test-retest reliability of homeostatic plasticity induced and assessed in M1 using noninvasive brain stimulation in ten, right-handed, healthy volunteers on days 0, 2, 7, and 14. Homeostatic plasticity was induced in the left M1 using two blocks of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied for 7 min and 5 min, separated by a 3 min interval. To assess homeostatic plasticity, 15 motor-evoked potentials to single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation were recorded at baseline, between the two blocks of anodal tDCS, and at 0 min, 10 min, and 20 min follow-up. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Moderate-to-good test-retest reliability was observed for the M1 homeostatic plasticity response at all follow-up time points (0 min, 10 min, and 20 min, ICC range: 0.43-0.67) at intervals up to 2 weeks. The greatest reliability was observed when the homeostatic response was assessed at 10 min follow-up (ICC > 0.61). These data suggest that M1 homeostatic plasticity can be reliably induced and assessed in healthy individuals using two blocks of anodal tDCS at intervals of 48 hours, 7 days, and 2 weeks.
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15
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Macerollo A, Brown MJ, Kilner JM, Chen R. Neurophysiological Changes Measured Using Somatosensory Evoked Potentials. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:294-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Magerl W, Hansen N, Treede RD, Klein T. The human pain system exhibits higher-order plasticity (metaplasticity). Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 154:112-120. [PMID: 29631001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The human pain system can be bidirectionally modulated by high-frequency (HFS; 100 Hz) and low-frequency (LFS; 1 Hz) electrical stimulation of nociceptors leading to long-term potentiation or depression of pain perception (pain-LTP or pain-LTD). Here we show that priming a test site by very low-frequency stimulation (VLFS; 0.05 Hz) prevented pain-LTP probably by elevating the threshold (set point) for pain-LTP induction. Conversely, prior HFS-induced pain-LTP was substantially reversed by subsequent VLFS, suggesting that preceding HFS had primed the human nociceptive system for pain-LTD induction by VLFS. In contrast, the pain elicited by the pain-LTP-precipitating conditioning HFS stimulation remained unaffected. In aggregate these experiments demonstrate that the human pain system expresses two forms of higher-order plasticity (metaplasticity) acting in either direction along the pain-LTD to pain-LTP continuum with similar shifts in thresholds for LTD and LTP as in synaptic plasticity, indicating intriguing new mechanisms for the prevention of pain memory and the erasure of hyperalgesia related to an already established pain memory trace. There were no apparent gender differences in either pain-LTP or metaplasticity of pain-LTP. However, individual subjects appeared to present with an individual balance of pain-LTD to pain-LTP (a pain plasticity "fingerprint").
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Magerl
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Chung SW, Rogasch NC, Hoy KE, Sullivan CM, Cash RFH, Fitzgerald PB. Impact of different intensities of intermittent theta burst stimulation on the cortical properties during TMS-EEG and working memory performance. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:783-802. [PMID: 29124791 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique capable of increasing cortical excitability beyond the stimulation period. Due to the rapid induction of modulatory effects, prefrontal application of iTBS is gaining popularity as a therapeutic tool for psychiatric disorders such as depression. In an attempt to increase efficacy, higher than conventional intensities are currently being applied. The assumption that this increases neuromodulatory may be mechanistically false for iTBS. This study examined the influence of intensity on the neurophysiological and behavioural effects of iTBS in the prefrontal cortex. Sixteen healthy participants received iTBS over prefrontal cortex at either 50, 75 or 100% resting motor threshold in separate sessions. Single-pulse TMS and concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess changes in cortical reactivity measured as TMS-evoked potentials and oscillations. The n-back task was used to assess changes in working memory performance. The data can be summarised as an inverse U-shape relationship between intensity and iTBS plastic effects, where 75% iTBS yielded the largest neurophysiological changes. Improvement in reaction time in the 3-back task was supported by the change in alpha power, however, comparison between conditions revealed no significant differences. The assumption that higher intensity results in greater neuromodulatory effects may be false, at least in healthy individuals, and should be carefully considered for clinical populations. Neurophysiological changes associated with working memory following iTBS suggest functional relevance. However, the effects of different intensities on behavioural performance remain elusive in the present healthy sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Chung
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caley M Sullivan
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia.,Epworth Clinic, Epworth Healthcare, Camberwell, VIC, Australia
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18
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Puts NAJ, Harris AD, Mikkelsen M, Tommerdahl M, Edden RAE, Mostofsky SH. Altered tactile sensitivity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2568-2578. [PMID: 28768738 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00087.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by an inability to concentrate, heightened activity, and hypermotoric behavior, but sensory (e.g., tactile) problems are common. The literature on tactile impairments in ADHD is limited, with most work employing clinical observations or questionnaires. We studied tactile processing in children with ADHD and hypothesized that children with ADHD would show reduced performance in tasks closely linked to inhibition. Sixty-seven children with ADHD and 62 typically developing children (TDC) performed a battery of tasks grouped in domains: simple and choice reaction time; static and dynamic detection threshold (probing feedforward inhibition); amplitude discrimination without adaptation and with dual and single-site adaptation (probing lateral inhibition and adaptation); sequential and simultaneous frequency discrimination (previously linked to GABA); and temporal order judgment with and without a synchronous carrier stimulus. Children with ADHD could discriminate different amplitudes without adaptation, suggesting lateral inhibition is intact, but were negatively affected in all adaptation conditions, whereas TDC were only affected during single-site adaptation. Children with ADHD also showed normal frequency discrimination. Children with ADHD showed slower reaction times and higher detection threshold, likely driven by IQ and inattention, because reaction time and detection thresholds correlated with IQ and subtle motor signs. Children with ADHD showed a pattern of altered tactile processing on specific tasks, suggesting that higher cognitive function and cortical mechanisms related to adaptation are affected in ADHD, but no clear conclusion can be drawn toward impaired inhibition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This manuscript presents the first tactile psychophysical study testing different aspects of tactile processing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using large cohort sizes of 67 children with ADHD and 65 Typically Developing Children. This study demonstrates impaired tactile processing in children with ADHD, on some, but not all tasks (showing this is not just due to attention), related to impaired cortical mechanisms. Furthermore, both IQ and soft motor skill abnormalities (common in ADHD) are correlated with tactile abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; .,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.,Department of Behavioral Science and Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Valchev N, Tidoni E, Hamilton AFDC, Gazzola V, Avenanti A. Primary somatosensory cortex necessary for the perception of weight from other people's action: A continuous theta-burst TMS experiment. Neuroimage 2017; 152:195-206. [PMID: 28254507 PMCID: PMC5440175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a network of areas in the parietal and premotor cortices, which are active both during action execution and observation, suggests that we might understand the actions of other people by activating those motor programs for making similar actions. Although neurophysiological and imaging studies show an involvement of the somatosensory cortex (SI) during action observation and execution, it is unclear whether SI is essential for understanding the somatosensory aspects of observed actions. To address this issue, we used off-line transcranial magnetic continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) just before a weight judgment task. Participants observed the right hand of an actor lifting a box and estimated its relative weight. In counterbalanced sessions, we delivered sham and active cTBS over the hand region of the left SI and, to test anatomical specificity, over the left motor cortex (M1) and the left superior parietal lobule (SPL). Active cTBS over SI, but not over M1 or SPL, impaired task performance relative to sham cTBS. Moreover, active cTBS delivered over SI just before participants were asked to evaluate the weight of a bouncing ball did not alter performance compared to sham cTBS. These findings indicate that SI is critical for extracting somatosensory features (heavy/light) from observed action kinematics and suggest a prominent role of SI in action understanding. TMS over the somatosensory cortex disrupts performance on a weight judgment task. Disruption is specific for judgements based on observed human actions. No TMS effect is found for judgements based on observed non-human motion. No effect is found when TMS is administered over nearby frontal and parietal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Valchev
- BCN Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, CMHC S110, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Emmanuele Tidoni
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Campus Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italyhe somatosensory aspects of the actions of others rem; IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia F de C Hamilton
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Valeria Gazzola
- BCN Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129 B, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Campus Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italyhe somatosensory aspects of the actions of others rem; IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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