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Taub DG, Jiang Q, Pietrafesa F, Su J, Carroll A, Greene C, Blanchard MR, Jain A, El-Rifai M, Callen A, Yager K, Chung C, He Z, Chen C, Woolf CJ. The secondary somatosensory cortex gates mechanical and heat sensitivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1289. [PMID: 38346995 PMCID: PMC10861531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is vital for the processing and perception of sensory stimuli. In the somatosensory axis, information is received primarily by two distinct regions, the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. Top-down circuits stemming from S1 can modulate mechanical and cooling but not heat stimuli such that circuit inhibition causes blunted perception. This suggests that responsiveness to particular somatosensory stimuli occurs in a modality specific fashion and we sought to determine additional cortical substrates. In this work, we identify in a mouse model that inhibition of S2 output increases mechanical and heat, but not cooling sensitivity, in contrast to S1. Combining 2-photon anatomical reconstruction with chemogenetic inhibition of specific S2 circuits, we discover that S2 projections to the secondary motor cortex (M2) govern mechanical and heat sensitivity without affecting motor performance or anxiety. Taken together, we show that S2 is an essential cortical structure that governs mechanical and heat sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Taub
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiufen Jiang
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Pietrafesa
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junfeng Su
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aloe Carroll
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Greene
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Aakanksha Jain
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahmoud El-Rifai
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Callen
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Yager
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Clara Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chinfei Chen
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Makibuchi T, Yamashiro K, Anazawa S, Fujimoto T, Ochi G, Ikarashi K, Sato D. Assessing the Effects of the Topical Application of L-Menthol on Pain-Related Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials Using Intra-Epidermal Stimulation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:918. [PMID: 37371396 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
L-menthol is known to activate transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) and induce analgesia to thermal stimuli. However, since thermal stimulation leads to the interaction among the other TRP channels, it was unclear whether L-menthol causes analgesia to stimuli other than thermal stimuli. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether activating TRPM8 via topical application of 10% menthol solution attenuates pain-related somatosensory-evoked potentials (pSEPs) and affects numerical rating scale (NRS) score using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES). We applied 10% L-menthol or control solution on the dorsum of the right hand of 25 healthy participants. The pSEP and NRS, elicited by IES, and sensory threshold were measured before and after each solution was applied. The results showed that the topical application of 10% L-menthol solution significantly reduced N2-P2 amplitude in pSEPs compared with the control solution. Moreover, the N2 latency was significantly prolonged upon the topical application of L-menthol solution. NRS scores were similar under both conditions. These results suggest that topical application of L-menthol does not alter subjective sensation induced using IES, although it may attenuate afferent signals at free nerve endings even with stimuli that do not directly activate TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Makibuchi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Sayaka Anazawa
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujimoto
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ikarashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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3
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Taub DG, Jiang Q, Pietrafesa F, Su J, Greene C, Blanchard MR, Jain A, El-Rifai M, Callen A, Yager K, Chung C, He Z, Chen C, Woolf CJ. The Secondary Somatosensory Cortex Gates Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.19.541449. [PMID: 37293011 PMCID: PMC10245795 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is vital for the perception and processing of sensory stimuli. In the somatosensory axis, information is received by two distinct regions, the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. Top-down circuits stemming from S1 can modulate mechanical and cooling but not heat stimuli such that circuit inhibition causes blunted mechanical and cooling perception. Using optogenetics and chemogenetics, we find that in contrast to S1, an inhibition of S2 output increases mechanical and heat, but not cooling sensitivity. Combining 2-photon anatomical reconstruction with chemogenetic inhibition of specific S2 circuits, we discover that S2 projections to the secondary motor cortex (M2) govern mechanical and thermal sensitivity without affecting motor or cognitive function. This suggests that while S2, like S1, encodes specific sensory information, that S2 operates through quite distinct neural substrates to modulate responsiveness to particular somatosensory stimuli and that somatosensory cortical encoding occurs in a largely parallel fashion.
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4
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Zhuo S, Zhang Y, Lin C, Peng W. Testosterone administration enhances the expectation and perception of painful and non-painful somatosensory stimuli. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106081. [PMID: 36947967 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of testosterone on pain perception remains inconsistent in the literature. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study investigated the effect of testosterone administration on perception and expectation of electrocutaneous stimulus. Thirty healthy male participants received a single dose of testosterone in one session and a placebo in the other session. For each session, they completed a pain-rating task in which a predictability cue was inserted before a painful or non-painful electocutaneous stimulus delivery, while neural activity was simultaneously recorded by a 64-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) system. Expected and perceived pain ratings, as well as event-related potentials (ERPs) to electocutaneous stimuli and prestimulus EEG oscillatory activities while expecting upcoming electocutaneous stimuli were comprehensively compared between testosterone and placebo sessions. Compared with the placebo session, participants in the testosterone session reported greater pain rating and exhibited greater amplitude of N1 component on ERPs when perceiving both painful and non-painful electrocutaneous stimuli. Mediation analysis revealed that testosterone enhanced the pain-intensity ratings via the N1 response to the electrocutaneous stimulus. Upon viewing the predictability cues after testosterone administration, expected pain intensity increased and spontaneous low-frequency α-oscillation power in the frontal region decreased. These results provide evidence that testosterone enhanced perception and expectation of somatosensory events, and that this was a general effect rather than pain-specific. A plausible explanation for these findings is that testosterone acts to increase vigilance and sustained attention levels, as evidenced by the decreased α-oscillation power. Thus, our findings support a causal role for testosterone in heightening the biological salience of incoming somatosensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhuo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chennan Lin
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiwei Peng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Li M, Huang H, Yao L, Yang H, Ma S, Zheng H, Zhong Z, Yu S, Yu B, Wang H. Effect of acupuncture on the modulation of functional brain regions in migraine: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1036413. [PMID: 36970520 PMCID: PMC10031106 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1036413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAcupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, is an effective migraine treatment, especially in improving pain. In recent years, many acupuncture brain imaging studies have found significant changes in brain function following acupuncture treatment of migraine, providing a new perspective to elucidate the mechanism of action of acupuncture.ObjectiveTo analyse and summarize the effects of acupuncture on the modulation of specific patterns of brain region activity changes in migraine patients, thus providing a mechanism for treating migraine by acupuncture.MethodsChinese and English articles published up to May 2022 were searched in three English databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane) and four Chinese databases (China national knowledge infrastructure, CNKI; Chinese Biomedical Literature database, CBM; the Chongqing VIP database, VIP; and the Wanfang database, WF). A neuroimaging meta-analysis on ALFF, ReHo was performed on the included studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) software. Subgroup analyses were used to compare differences in brain regions between acupuncture and other groups. Meta-regression was used to explore the effect of demographic information and migraine alterations on brain imaging outcomes. Linear models were drawn using MATLAB 2018a, and visual graphs for quality evaluation were produced using R and RStudio software.ResultsA total of 7 studies comprising 236 patients in the treatment group and 173 in the control group were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest that acupuncture treatment helps to improve pain symptoms in patients with migraine. The left angular gyrus is hyperactivation, and the left superior frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus are hypoactivated. The migraine group showed hyperactivation in the corpus callosum compared to healthy controls.ConclusionAcupuncture can significantly regulate changes in brain regions in migraine patients. However, due to the experimental design of neuroimaging standards are not uniform, the results also have some bias. Therefore, to better understand the potential mechanism of acupuncture on migraine, a large sample, multicenter controlled trial is needed for further study. In addition, the application of machine learning methods in neuroimaging studies could help predict the efficacy of acupuncture and screen migraine patients suitable for acupuncture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shiqi Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haizhu Zheng
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hongfeng Wang
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Osaki H, Kanaya M, Ueta Y, Miyata M. Distinct nociception processing in the dysgranular and barrel regions of the mouse somatosensory cortex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3622. [PMID: 35768422 PMCID: PMC9243138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociception, a somatic discriminative aspect of pain, is, like touch, represented in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), but the separation and interaction of the two modalities within S1 remain unclear. Here, we show spatially distinct tactile and nociceptive processing in the granular barrel field (BF) and adjacent dysgranular region (Dys) in mouse S1. Simultaneous recordings of the multiunit activity across subregions revealed that Dys neurons are more responsive to noxious input, whereas BF neurons prefer tactile input. At the single neuron level, nociceptive information is represented separately from the tactile information in Dys layer 2/3. In contrast, both modalities seem to converge on individual layer 5 neurons of each region, but to a different extent. Overall, these findings show layer-specific processing of nociceptive and tactile information between Dys and BF. We further demonstrated that Dys activity, but not BF activity, is critically involved in pain-like behavior. These findings provide new insights into the role of pain processing in S1. The processing of nociception in the somatosensory cortex (S1) has yet to be fully understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that the dysgranular region in S1 has an affinity for nociception and is critically involved in pain-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Osaki
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Laboratory of Functional Brain Circuit Construction, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Moeko Kanaya
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueta
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Analysis of Intracerebral Activity during Reflex Locomotion Stimulation According to Vojta’s Principle. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vojta’s therapy is a widely used approach in both the prevention and therapy of musculoskeletal disorders. Changes in the musculoskeletal system have been described repeatedly, but the principles of the approach have not yet been clarified. The objective of our study was to evaluate changes of intracerebral activity using electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) that arise during reflex locomotion stimulation of the breast trigger zone according to Vojta’s therapy. Seventeen healthy women took part in the experiment (aged 20–30 years old). EEG activity was recorded 5 min prior to the reflex locomotion stimulation, during stimulation, and 5 min after the stimulation. The obtained data were subsequently processed in the sLORETA program and statistically evaluated at the significance level p ≤ 0.05. The analysis found statistically significant differences in the frequency bands alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 between the condition prior to stimulation and the actual stimulation in BAs 6, 7, 23, 24, and 31 and between the resting condition prior to stimulation, and the condition after the stimulation was terminated in the frequency bands alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 in BAs 3, 4, 6, and 24. The results showed that reflex locomotion stimulation according to Vojta’s therapy modulates electrical activity in the brain areas responsible for movement planning and regulating and performing the movement.
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van den Berg B, Manoochehri M, Schouten AC, van der Helm FCT, Buitenweg JR. Nociceptive Intra-epidermal Electric Stimulation Evokes Steady-State Responses in the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex. Brain Topogr 2022; 35:169-181. [PMID: 35050427 PMCID: PMC8860817 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established the presence of nociceptive steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs), generated in response to thermal or intra-epidermal electric stimuli. This study explores cortical sources and generation mechanisms of nociceptive SSEPs in response to intra-epidermal electric stimuli. Our method was to stimulate healthy volunteers (n = 22, all men) with 100 intra-epidermal pulse sequences. Each sequence had a duration of 8.5 s, and consisted of pulses with a pulse rate between 20 and 200 Hz, which was frequency modulated with a multisine waveform of 3, 7 and 13 Hz (n = 10, 1 excluded) or 3 and 7 Hz (n = 12, 1 excluded). As a result, evoked potentials in response to stimulation onset and contralateral SSEPs at 3 and 7 Hz were observed. The SSEPs at 3 and 7 Hz had an average time delay of 137 ms and 143 ms respectively. The evoked potential in response to stimulation onset had a contralateral minimum (N1) at 115 ms and a central maximum (P2) at 300 ms. Sources for the multisine SSEP at 3 and 7 Hz were found through beamforming near the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. Sources for the N1 were found near the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. Sources for the N2-P2 were found near the supplementary motor area. Harmonic and intermodulation frequencies in the SSEP power spectrum remained below a detectable level and no evidence for nonlinearity of nociceptive processing, i.e. processing of peripheral firing rate into cortical evoked potentials, was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn van den Berg
- Biomedical Signals and Systems, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Mana Manoochehri
- Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C Schouten
- Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.,Biomechanical Engineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Frans C T van der Helm
- Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Jan R Buitenweg
- Biomedical Signals and Systems, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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9
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Wang Y, Oh H, Barlow SM. Dynamic causal modeling of sensorimotor networks elicited by saltatory pneumotactile velocity in the glabrous hand. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:752-764. [PMID: 35044016 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effective connectivity of neuronal networks during passive saltatory pneumotactile velocity stimulation to the glabrous hand with different velocities is still unknown. The present study investigated the effectivity connectivity elicited by saltatory pneumotactile velocity arrays placed on the glabrous hand at three velocities (5, 25, and 65 cm/second). METHODS Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used on functional MRI data sampled from 20 neurotypical adults. Five brain regions, including the left primary somatosensory (SI) and motor (M1) cortices, bilateral secondary somatosensory (SII) cortices, and right cerebellar lobule VI, were used to build model space. RESULTS Three velocities (5, 25, and 65 cm/second) of saltatory pneumotactile stimuli were processed in both serial and parallel modes within the sensorimotor networks. The medium velocity of 25 cm/second modulated forward interhemispheric connection from the contralateral SII to the ipsilateral SII. Pneumotactile stimulation at the medium velocity of 25 cm/second also influenced contralateral M1 through contralateral SI. Finally, the right cerebellar lobule VI was involved in the sensorimotor networks. CONCLUSIONS Our DCM results suggest the coexistence of both serial and parallel processing for saltatory pneumotactile velocity stimulation. Significant contralateral M1 modulation promotes the prospect that the passive saltatory pneumotactile velocity arrays can be used to design sensorimotor rehabilitation protocols to activate M1. The effective connectivity from the right cerebellar lobule VI to other cortical regions demonstrates the cerebellum's role in the sensorimotor networks through feedforward and feedback neuronal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Neuroimaging for Language, Literacy and Learning Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Steven M Barlow
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Communication Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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10
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Harrison OK, Hayen A, Wager TD, Pattinson KT. Investigating the specificity of the neurologic pain signature against breathlessness and finger opposition. Pain 2021; 162:2933-2944. [PMID: 33990110 PMCID: PMC8600542 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brain biomarkers of pain, including pain-predictive "signatures" based on brain activity, can provide measures of neurophysiological processes and potential targets for interventions. A central issue relates to the specificity of such measures, and understanding their current limits will both advance their development and explore potentially generalizable properties of pain to other states. Here, we used 2 data sets to test the neurologic pain signature (NPS), an established pain neuromarker. In study 1, brain activity was measured using high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (7T fMRI, N = 40) during 5 to 25 seconds of experimental breathlessness (induced by inspiratory resistive loading), conditioned breathlessness anticipation, and finger opposition. In study 2, we assessed anticipation and breathlessness perception (3T, N = 19) under blinded saline (placebo) and remifentanil administration. The NPS responded to breathlessness, anticipation, and finger opposition, although no direct comparisons with painful events were possible. Local NPS patterns in anterior or midinsula, S2, and dorsal anterior cingulate responded to breathlessness and finger opposition and were reduced by remifentanil. Local NPS responses in the dorsal posterior insula did not respond to any manipulations. Therefore, significant global NPS activity alone is not specific for pain, and we offer insight into the overlap between NPS responses, breathlessness, and somatomotor demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Harrison
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for NeuroImaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Hayen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for NeuroImaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Tor D. Wager
- USA Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States.
| | - Kyle T.S. Pattinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for NeuroImaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Blake DT. Encephalographic studies of central nociceptive activation just got a bit easier. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2890-2891. [PMID: 34583884 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Liu L, Tian T, Li X, Wang Y, Xu T, Ni X, Li X, He Z, Gao S, Sun M, Liang F, Zhao L. Revealing the Neural Mechanism Underlying the Effects of Acupuncture on Migraine: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:674852. [PMID: 34093119 PMCID: PMC8172773 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.674852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by attacks of moderate or severe headache and various neurological symptoms. Migraine is typically treated by pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapies to relieve pain or prevent migraine attacks. Pharmacological therapies show limited efficacy in relieving headache and are often accompanied by adverse effects, while the benefits of acupuncture, a non-pharmacological therapy, have been well-documented in both the treatment and prevention of acute migraine attacks. However, the underlying mechanism of the effect of acupuncture on relieving migraine remains unclear. Recent advances in neuroimaging technology have offered new opportunities to explore the underlying neural mechanism of acupuncture in treating migraine. To pave the way for future research, this review provides an overview neuroimaging studies on the use of acupuncture for migraine in the last 10 years. Methods: Using search terms about acupuncture, neuroimaging and migraine, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 2009 to June 2020 for neuroimaging studies that examined the effect of acupuncture in migraine. All published randomized and non-randomized controlled neuroimaging studies were included. We summarized the proposed neural mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia in acute migraine, and the proposed neural mechanism underlying the sustained effect of acupuncture in migraine prophylaxis. Results: A total of 619 articles were retrieved. After removing reviews, meta-analyses, animal studies and etc., 15 articles were eligible and included in this review. The methods used were positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT; n = 2 studies), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 1), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; n = 12). The analyses used included the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method (n = 3), amplitude of low frequency (ALFF) method (n = 2), independent component analysis (ICA; n = 3), seed-based analysis (SBA; n = 1), both ICA and SBA (n = 1), Pearson's correlation to calculate functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions (n = 1), and a machine learning method (n = 1). Five studies focused on the instant effect of acupuncture, and the research objects were those with acute migraine (n = 2) and migraine in the interictal phase (n = 3). Ten studies focused on the lasting effect of acupuncture, and all the studies selected migraine patients in the interictal phase. This review included five task-based studies and 10 resting-state studies. None of the studies conducted a correlation analysis between functional brain changes and instant clinical efficacy. For studies that performed a correlation analysis between functional brain changes and sustained clinical efficacy, the prophylactic effect of acupuncture on migraine might be through regulation of the visual network, default mode network (DMN), sensory motor network, frontoparietal network (FPN), limbic system, and/or descending pain modulatory system (DPMS). Conclusion: The neural mechanism underlying the immediate effect of acupuncture analgesia remains unclear, and the neural mechanism of sustained acupuncture treatment for migraine might be related to the regulation of pain-related brain networks. The experimental design of neuroimaging studies that examined the effect of acupuncture in migraine also have some shortcomings, and it is necessary to standardize and optimize the experimental design. Multi-center neuroimaging studies are needed to provide a better insight into the neural mechanism underlying the effect of acupuncture on migraine. Multi-modality neuroimaging studies that integrate multiple data analysis methods are required for cross-validation of the neuroimaging results. In addition, applying machine learning methods in neuroimaging studies can help to predict acupuncture efficacy and screen for migraineurs for whom acupuncture treatment would be suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xixiu Ni
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxi He
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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13
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Song Y, Su Q, Yang Q, Zhao R, Yin G, Qin W, Iannetti GD, Yu C, Liang M. Feedforward and feedback pathways of nociceptive and tactile processing in human somatosensory system: A study of dynamic causal modeling of fMRI data. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117957. [PMID: 33744457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive and tactile information is processed in the somatosensory system via reciprocal (i.e., feedforward and feedback) projections between the thalamus, the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. The exact hierarchy of nociceptive and tactile information processing within this 'thalamus-S1-S2' network and whether the processing hierarchy differs between the two somatosensory submodalities remains unclear. In particular, two questions related to the ascending and descending pathways have not been addressed. For the ascending pathways, whether tactile or nociceptive information is processed in parallel (i.e., 'thalamus-S1' and 'thalamus-S2') or in serial (i.e., 'thalamus-S1-S2') remains controversial. For the descending pathways, how corticothalamic feedback regulates nociceptive and tactile processing also remains elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the hierarchical organization for the processing of nociceptive and tactile information in the 'thalamus-S1-S2' network using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) combined with high-temporal-resolution fMRI. We found that, for both nociceptive and tactile information processing, both S1 and S2 received inputs from thalamus, indicating a parallel structure of ascending pathways for nociceptive and tactile information processing. Furthermore, we observed distinct corticothalamic feedback regulations from S1 and S2, showing that S1 generally exerts inhibitory feedback regulation independent of external stimulation whereas S2 provides additional inhibition to the thalamic activity during nociceptive and tactile information processing in humans. These findings revealed that nociceptive and tactile information processing have similar hierarchical organization within the somatosensory system in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Song
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for China, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guotao Yin
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for China, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gian Domenico Iannetti
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Mahmutoglu MA, Baumgärtner U, Rupp A. Posterior insular activity contributes to the late laser-evoked potential component in EEG recordings. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:770-781. [PMID: 33571885 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nociceptive activity in some brain areas has concordantly been reported in EEG source models, such as the anterior/mid-cingulate cortex and the parasylvian area. Whereas the posterior insula has been constantly reported to be active in intracortical and fMRI studies, non-invasive EEG and MEG recordings mostly failed to detect activity in this region. This study aimed to determine an appropriate inverse modeling approach in EEG recordings to model posterior insular activity, assuming the late LEP (laser evoked potential) time window to yield a better separation from other ongoing cortical activity. METHODS In 12 healthy volunteers, nociceptive stimuli of three intensities were applied. LEP were recorded using 32-channel EEG recordings. Source analysis was performed in specific time windows defined in the grand-average dataset. Two distinct dipole-pairs located close to the operculo-insular area were compared. RESULTS Our results show that posterior insular activity yields a substantial contribution to the latest part (positive component) of the LEP. CONCLUSIONS Even though the initial insular activity onset is in the early LEP time window,modelingthe insular activity in the late LEP time window might result in better separation from other ongoing cortical activity. SIGNIFICANCE Modeling the late LEP activity might enable to distinguish posterior insular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmed Mahmutoglu
- Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ulf Baumgärtner
- Chair of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Physiology/Physics, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Rupp
- Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Hartmann H, Rütgen M, Riva F, Lamm C. Another's pain in my brain: No evidence that placebo analgesia affects the sensory-discriminative component in empathy for pain. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117397. [PMID: 32971262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The shared representations account of empathy suggests that sharing other people's emotions relies on neural processes similar to those engaged when directly experiencing such emotions. Recent research corroborated this by showing that placebo analgesia induced for first-hand pain resulted in reduced pain empathy and decreased activation in shared neural networks. However, those studies did not report any placebo-related variation of somatosensory engagement during pain empathy. The experimental paradigms used in these studies did not direct attention towards a specific body part in pain, which may explain the absence of effects for somatosensation. The main objective of this preregistered study was to implement a paradigm overcoming this limitation, and to investigate whether placebo analgesia may also modulate the sensory-discriminative component of empathy for pain. We induced a localized, first-hand placebo analgesia effect in the right hand of 45 participants by means of a placebo gel and conditioning techniques, and compared this to the left hand as a control condition. Participants underwent a pain task in the MRI scanner, receiving painful or non-painful electrical stimulation on their left or right hand, or witnessing another person receiving such stimulation. In contrast to a robust localized placebo analgesia effect for self-experienced pain, the empathy condition showed no differences between the two hands, neither for behavioral nor neural responses. We thus report no evidence for somatosensory sharing in empathy, while replicating previous studies showing overlapping brain activity in the affective-motivational component for first-hand and empathy for pain. Hence, in a more rigorous test aiming to overcome limitations of previous work, we again find no causal evidence for the engagement of somatosensory sharing in empathy. Our study refines the understanding of the neural underpinnings of empathy for pain, and the use of placebo analgesia in investigating such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hartmann
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Rütgen
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Federica Riva
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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16
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The Distributed Nociceptive System: A Framework for Understanding Pain. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:780-794. [PMID: 32800534 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain remains challenging to both diagnose and treat. These challenges, in part, arise from limited systems-level understanding of the basic mechanisms that process nociceptive information and ultimately instantiate a subjectively available experience of pain. Here, I provide a framework, the distributed nociceptive system, for understanding nociceptive mechanisms at a systems level by integrating the concepts of neural population coding with distributed processing. Within this framework, wide-spread engagement of populations of neurons produces representations of nociceptive information that are highly resilient to disruption. The distributed nociceptive system provides a foundation for understanding complex spatial aspects of chronic pain and provides an impetus for nonpharmacological cognitive and physical therapies that can effectively target the highly distributed system that gives rise to an experience of pain.
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17
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Panchuelo RMS, Eldeghaidy S, Marshall A, McGlone F, Francis ST, Favorov O. A nociresponsive specific area of human somatosensory cortex within BA3a: BA3c? Neuroimage 2020; 221:117187. [PMID: 32711068 PMCID: PMC7762820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that in primates, including humans, noxious body stimulation evokes a neural response in the posterior bank of the central sulcus, in Brodmann cytoarchitectonic subdivisions 3b and 1 of the primary somatosensory cortex. This response is associated with the 1st/sharp pain and contributes to sensory discriminative aspects of pain perception and spatial localization of the noxious stimulus. However, neurophysiological studies in New World monkeys predict that in humans noxious stimulation also evokes a separate neural response-mediated by C-afferent drive and associated with the 2nd/burning pain-in the depth of the central sulcus in Brodmann area 3a (BA3a) at the transition between the somatosensory and motor cortices. To evoke such a response, it is necessary to use multi-second duration noxious stimulation, rather than brief laser pulses. Given the limited human pain-imaging literature on cortical responses induced by C-nociceptive input specifically within BA3a, here we used high spatial resolution 7T fMRI to study the response to thermonoxious skin stimulation. We observed the predicted response of BA3a in the depth of the central sulcus in five human volunteers. Review of the available evidence suggests that the nociresponsive region in the depth of the central sulcus is a structurally and functionally distinct cortical area that should not be confused with proprioceptive BA3a. It is most likely engaged in interoception and control of the autonomic nervous system, and contributes to the sympathetic response to noxious stimulation, arguably the most intolerable aspect of pain experience. Ablation of this region has been shown to reduce pain sensibility and might offer an effective means of ameliorating some pathological pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Sanchez Panchuelo
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Sally Eldeghaidy
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Future Food Beacon, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francis McGlone
- School of natural Science and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan T Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oleg Favorov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, CB #7575, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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18
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Zhou J, Qi F, Hu Z, Zhang L, Li Z, Wang ZJ, Tang H, Chen Z. Dezocine attenuates the remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia by inhibition of phosphorylation of CaMKⅡα. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 869:172882. [PMID: 31863769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Remifentanil, ultra-short-acting μ-opioid receptor agonist, has the greatest advantage in analgesia but could increase postoperative pain scores and induces postoperative hyperalgesia. Dezocine is a mixed opioid receptor partial agonist/antagonist and has been used for postoperative hyperalgesia management in clinical patients,but the potential molecular mechanism is still unclear. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ) has been reported involved in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) in previous studies, but the relationship between CaMKⅡ and dezocine in RIH is still unclear. To investigate the mechanism of dezocine in RIH, we used a remifentanil induced postoperative hyperalgesia (RIPH) in incisional pain model of mouse. We subcutaneously infused remifentanil (40 μg/kg) to induce postoperative hyperalgesia. Dezocine (1.5 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, and 6.0 mg/kg) was infused subcutaneously with remifentanil using the apparatus pump for 30 min. Paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) and paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) were used to assess thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to assess the expression of phosphorylated CaMKⅡα (p-CaMKⅡα) in somatosensory cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord. Subcutaneous infusion of remifentanil enhanced postoperative pain induced by surgical incision and increased PWTL and PWMT. Dezocine dose-dependently decreased the PWTL and PWMT in RIPH model. Correlating with behavioral effects, dezocine inhibited remifentanil-induced up-regulation of p-CaMKⅡα expression in somatosensory cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord. Dezocine could attenuate RIPH by suppressing p-CaMKⅡα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Gulin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434020, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Gulin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Zhengqiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lejun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zigang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Zaijie Jim Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Gulin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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19
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Davis KD. Introduction to a Special Issue on Innovations and Controversies in Brain Imaging of Pain: Methods and Interpretations. Pain Rep 2019; 4:e771. [PMID: 31579862 PMCID: PMC6728002 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue comprised 14 articles from leaders in the field, that provide opinions and reviews of concepts that are central to the next generation of pain imaging studies. Topics include cutting-edge technologies and approaches that are at the forefront of such studies, as well as developments toward biomarkers of pain and clinical applications that bring us closer to harnessing understanding of pains and its modulation to offer better options to those suffering from pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Davis
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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McArthur C, Saari M, Northwood M, Taucar LS, Boscart VM. Profiling the Characteristics of People Who Are Comatose in Long-term and Complex Continuing Care Settings. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:1331-1334. [PMID: 31230905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of people who are comatose in Canadian complex continuing care (CCC) and long-term care (LTC) settings, and to make recommendations to promote comprehensive care planning for this population. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of population data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All residents in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, and the territory of Yukon with data available from the fiscal year 2015 (April 1, 2015, to March 31, 2016). MEASURES Demographic, clinical, and treatment variables were extracted from the Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set (MDS 2.0) and were reported using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Of the LTC and CCC populations, 0.07% and 3.5% were identified as comatose, respectively. Overall, people who are comatose in both CCC or LTC settings are younger and have a longer length of stay than those who are not comatose. A higher proportion of people who are comatose experience active infections and irregular bowel elimination patterns, and those who are comatose were more likely to have a feeding tube and require oxygen therapy or suctioning than those who were not comatose. However, a lower proportion of people who were comatose had documented pain. In LTC, one-quarter of people who are comatose are expected to die within 6 months. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS Although the prevalence of people who are comatose in LTC and CCC settings is low, this population is complex and has significant care needs that require comprehensive assessment and care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McArthur
- GERAS Centre for Aging Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Margaret Saari
- Saint Elizabeth Health Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Linda Sheiban Taucar
- Conestoga College, Schlegel Centre for Advancing Senior Care, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronique M Boscart
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Conestoga College, Schlegel Centre for Advancing Senior Care, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Chen J, Wang Z, Tu Y, Liu X, Jorgenson K, Ye G, Lin C, Liu J, Park J, Lang C, Liu B, Kong J. Regional Homogeneity and Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Cervical Spondylosis Neck Pain and the Modulation Effect of Treatment. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:900. [PMID: 30574062 PMCID: PMC6292425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objects: We investigated brain functional alteration in patients with chronic cervical spondylosis neck pain (CSNP) compared to healthy controls (HCs) and the effect of intervention. Methods: 104 CSNP patients and 96 matched HCs were recruited. Patients received 4 weeks of treatment. Resting-state fMRI and Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) were collected before and after treatment. Resting state regional homogeneity (rs-ReHo) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) were applied to (1) investigate rs-ReHo differences between CSNP patients and controls and the effect of longitudinal treatment and (2) classify CSNP patients from HCs and predict clinical outcomes before treatment using MVPA. Results: We found that (1) CSNP patients showed decreased rs-ReHo in the left sensorimotor cortex and right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ), and rs-ReHo at the rTPJ significantly increased after treatment; (2) rs-ReHo at rTPJ was associated with NPQ at baseline, and pre- and post-treatment rs-ReHo changes at rTPJ were associated with NPQ changes in CSNP patients; and (3) MVPA could discriminate CSNP patients from HCs with 72% accuracy and predict clinical outcomes with a mean absolute error of 19.6%. Conclusion: CSNP patients are associated with dysfunction of the rTPJ and sensorimotor area. Significance: rTPJ plays on important role in the pathophysiology and development of CSNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengjian Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiheng Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kristen Jorgenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Guoxi Ye
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenlin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Studying Regularities and Mechanism of Acu-moxibustion, Department of Acu-moxibustion, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joel Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Courtney Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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22
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Change-Driven M100 Component in the Bilateral Secondary Somatosensory Cortex: A Magnetoencephalographic Study. Brain Topogr 2018; 32:435-444. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tiemann L, Hohn VD, Ta Dinh S, May ES, Nickel MM, Gross J, Ploner M. Distinct patterns of brain activity mediate perceptual and motor and autonomic responses to noxious stimuli. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4487. [PMID: 30367033 PMCID: PMC6203833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a complex phenomenon involving perceptual, motor, and autonomic responses, but how the brain translates noxious stimuli into these different dimensions of pain is unclear. Here, we assessed perceptual, motor, and autonomic responses to brief noxious heat stimuli and recorded brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG) in humans. Multilevel mediation analysis reveals that each pain dimension is subserved by a distinct pattern of EEG responses and, conversely, that each EEG response differentially contributes to the different dimensions of pain. In particular, the translation of noxious stimuli into autonomic and motor responses involved the earliest N1 wave, whereas pain perception was mediated by later N2 and P2 waves. Gamma oscillations mediated motor responses rather than pain perception. These findings represent progress towards a mechanistic understanding of the brain processes translating noxious stimuli into pain and suggest that perceptual, motor, and autonomic dimensions of pain are partially independent rather than serial processes. Pain is a complex phenomenon involving not just the perception of pain, but also autonomic and motor responses. Here, the authors show that these different dimensions of pain are associated with distinct patterns of neural responses to noxious stimuli as measured using EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiemann
- Department of Neurology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa D Hohn
- Department of Neurology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Son Ta Dinh
- Department of Neurology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth S May
- Department of Neurology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz M Nickel
- Department of Neurology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Malmedyweg 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Glasgow, 62 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK
| | - Markus Ploner
- Department of Neurology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Wang C, Tian J. Reminders of Mortality Alter Pain-Evoked Potentials in a Chinese Sample. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1667. [PMID: 30245659 PMCID: PMC6137269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is of evolutionary importance to human survival. However, the perception of pain could be changed when death-related thoughts are accessible. Although the influence of mortality salience (MS) on pain processing has been investigated in Westerners recently, it is unclear whether this effect is constrained by specific culture context since humans may employ cultural worldviews to defend the existence problem. The current study tested whether and how MS affected pain processing in a Chinese male sample. We primed participants with sentences indicating MS or negative affect (NA) on either of two days. Both before and after the priming, event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by painful and non-painful electrical stimulations were recorded. Results showed that pain-evoked potentials were identified as an early negative complex N60-P90-N130 and a late positivity P260. Pain-evoked N130 after MS priming was larger than that after NA priming. Meanwhile, pain-evoked P260 decreased after MS priming but not after NA priming. These findings indicate that reminders of mortality affect both early sensory and late cognitive neural responses related to physical pain. Although previous studies reporting an increased effect of MS on perceived pain intensity in Westerners, we found an unchanged or possibly reduced effect in Chinese. Thus, the current work provides insight into a culture-sensitive perspective on how pain processing would be modulated when existential problem occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Wang
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Beukema P, Cecil KL, Peterson E, Mann VR, Matsushita M, Takashima Y, Navlakha S, Barth AL. TrpM8-mediated somatosensation in mouse neocortex. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1444-1456. [PMID: 29484652 PMCID: PMC5899639 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Somatosensation is a complex sense mediated by more than a dozen distinct neural subtypes in the periphery. Although pressure and touch sensation have been mapped to primary somatosensory cortex in rodents, it has been controversial whether pain and temperature inputs are also directed to this area. Here we use a well-defined somatosensory modality, cool sensation mediated by peripheral TrpM8-receptors, to investigate the neural substrate for cool perception in the mouse neocortex. Using activation of cutaneous TrpM8 receptor-expressing neurons, we identify candidate neocortical areas responsive for cool sensation. Initially, we optimized TrpM8 stimulation and determined that menthol, a selective TrpM8 agonist, was more effective than cool stimulation at inducing expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos in the spinal cord. We developed a broad-scale brain survey method for identification of activated brain areas, using automated methods to quantify c-fos immunoreactivity (fos-IR) across animals. Brain areas corresponding to the posterior insular cortex and secondary somatosensory (S2) show elevated fos-IR after menthol stimulation, in contrast to weaker activation in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). In addition, menthol exposure triggered fos-IR in piriform cortex, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus. Menthol-mediated activation was absent in TrpM8-knock-out animals. Our results indicate that cool somatosensory input broadly drives neural activity across the mouse brain, with neocortical signal most elevated in the posterior insula, as well as S2 and S1. These findings are consistent with data from humans indicating that the posterior insula is specialized for somatosensory information encoding temperature, pain, and gentle touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Beukema
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | | | - Elena Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Victor R Mann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Megumi Matsushita
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Yoshio Takashima
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Saket Navlakha
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Alison L Barth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
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Polarity-independent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation over the bilateral opercular somatosensory region: a magnetoencephalography study. Neuroreport 2018; 28:838-844. [PMID: 28719422 PMCID: PMC5548507 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The opercular somatosensory region (OP) plays an indispensable role in pain perception. In the present study, we investigated the neurophysiological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the OP. Somatosensory-evoked magnetic fields following noxious intraepidermal electrical stimulation to the left index finger (pain-SEFs) were recorded before and after tDCS with a single-blind, sham-controlled, cross-over trial design. Three tDCS conditions of left anodal/right cathodal tDCS, left cathodal/right anodal tDCS (each, 2 mA, 12 min), and sham tDCS (2 mA, 15 s) were applied. Despite the subjective pain sensation being unaltered, the two anodal (real) interventions significantly decreased OP activity associated with pain-SEFs. In conclusion, tDCS over the OP with the present parameters did not have a significant impact on pain sensation, but modulated its cortical processing.
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Abstract
Pain was considered to be integrated subcortically during most of the 20th century, and it was not until 1956 that focal injury to the parietal opercular-insular cortex was shown to produce selective loss of pain senses. The parietal operculum and adjacent posterior insula are the main recipients of spinothalamic afferents in primates. The innermost operculum appears functionally associated with the posterior insula and can be segregated histologically, somatotopically and neurochemically from the more lateral S2 areas. The Posterior Insula and Medial Operculum (PIMO) encompass functional networks essential to initiate cortical nociceptive processing. Destruction of this region selectively abates pain sensations; direct stimulation generates acute pain, and epileptic foci trigger painful seizures. Lesions of the PIMO have also high potential to develop central pain with dissociated loss of pain and temperature. The PIMO region behaves as a somatosensory area on its own, which handles phylogenetically old somesthetic capabilities based on thinly myelinated or unmyelinated inputs. It integrates spinothalamic-driven information - not only nociceptive but also innocuous heat and cold, crude touch, itch, and possibly viscero-somatic interoception. Conversely, proprioception, graphesthesia or stereognosis are not processed in this area but in S1 cortices. Given its anatomo-functional properties, thalamic connections, and tight relations with limbic and multisensory cortices, the region comprising the inner parietal operculum and posterior insula appears to contain a third somatosensory cortex contributing to the spinothalamic attributes of the final perceptual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Garcia-Larrea
- NeuroPain Laboratory, Lyon Centre for Neuroscience, Inserm U1028 and University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France; Center for the Evaluation and Treatment of Pain, Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - François Mauguière
- NeuroPain Laboratory, Lyon Centre for Neuroscience, Inserm U1028 and University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France; Functional Neurology Service, Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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How do morphological alterations caused by chronic pain distribute across the brain? A meta-analytic co-alteration study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 18:15-30. [PMID: 30023166 PMCID: PMC5987668 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
•In chronic pain, gray matter (GM) alterations are not distributed randomly across the brain.•The pattern of co-alterations resembles that of brain connectivity.•The alterations' distribution partly rely on the pathways of functional connectivity.•This method allows us to identify tendencies in the distribution of GM co-alteration related to chronic pain.
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Bradley C, Bastuji H, Garcia-Larrea L. Evidence-based source modeling of nociceptive cortical responses: A direct comparison of scalp and intracranial activity in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:6083-6095. [PMID: 28925006 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Source modeling of EEG traditionally relies on interplay between physiological hypotheses and mathematical estimates. We propose to optimize the process by using evidence gathered from brain imaging and intracortical recordings. METHODS We recorded laser-evoked potentials in 18 healthy participants, using high-density EEG. Brain sources were modeled during the first second poststimulus, constraining their initial position to regions where nociceptive-related activity has been ascertained by intracranial EEG. These comprised the two posterior operculo-insular regions, primary sensorimotor, posterior parietal, anterior cingulate/supplementary motor (ACC/SMA), bilateral frontal/anterior insular, and posterior cingulate (PCC) cortices. RESULTS The model yielded an average goodness of fit of 91% for individual and 95.8% for grand-average data. When compared with intracranial recordings from 27 human subjects, no significant difference in peak latencies was observed between modeled and intracranial data for 5 of the 6 assessable regions. Morphological match was excellent for operculo-insular, frontal, ACC/SMA and PCC regions (cross-correlation > 0.7) and fair for sensori-motor and posterior parietal cortex (c-c ∼ 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Multiple overlapping activities evoked by nociceptive input can be disentangled from high-density scalp EEG guided by intracranial data. Modeled sources accurately described the timing and morphology of most activities recorded with intracranial electrodes, including those coinciding with the emergence of stimulus awareness. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6083-6095, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bradley
- NEUROPAIN lab, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Bastuji
- NEUROPAIN lab, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Luis Garcia-Larrea
- NEUROPAIN lab, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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30
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Autonomic responses to tonic pain are more closely related to stimulus intensity than to pain intensity. Pain 2017; 158:2129-2136. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fardo F, Auksztulewicz R, Allen M, Dietz MJ, Roepstorff A, Friston KJ. Expectation violation and attention to pain jointly modulate neural gain in somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage 2017; 153:109-121. [PMID: 28341164 PMCID: PMC5460976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural processing and experience of pain are influenced by both expectations and attention. For example, the amplitude of event-related pain responses is enhanced by both novel and unexpected pain, and by moving the focus of attention towards a painful stimulus. Under predictive coding, this congruence can be explained by appeal to a precision-weighting mechanism, which mediates bottom-up and top-down attentional processes by modulating the influence of feedforward and feedback signals throughout the cortical hierarchy. The influence of expectation and attention on pain processing can be mapped onto changes in effective connectivity between or within specific neuronal populations, using a canonical microcircuit (CMC) model of hierarchical processing. We thus implemented a CMC within dynamic causal modelling for magnetoencephalography in human subjects, to investigate how expectation violation and attention to pain modulate intrinsic (within-source) and extrinsic (between-source) connectivity in the somatosensory hierarchy. This enabled us to establish whether both expectancy and attentional processes are mediated by a similar precision-encoding mechanism within a network of somatosensory, frontal and parietal sources. We found that both unexpected and attended pain modulated the gain of superficial pyramidal cells in primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. This modulation occurred in the context of increased lateralized recurrent connectivity between somatosensory and fronto-parietal sources, driven by unexpected painful occurrences. Finally, the strength of effective connectivity parameters in S1, S2 and IFG predicted individual differences in subjective pain modulation ratings. Our findings suggest that neuromodulatory gain control in the somatosensory hierarchy underlies the influence of both expectation violation and attention on cortical processing and pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fardo
- Danish Pain Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryszard Auksztulewicz
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Micah Allen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Dietz
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Roepstorff
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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Behavioral responses to noxious stimuli shape the perception of pain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44083. [PMID: 28276487 PMCID: PMC5343499 DOI: 10.1038/srep44083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain serves vital protective functions. To fulfill these functions, a noxious stimulus might induce a percept which, in turn, induces a behavioral response. Here, we investigated an alternative view in which behavioral responses do not exclusively depend on but themselves shape perception. We tested this hypothesis in an experiment in which healthy human subjects performed a reaction time task and provided perceptual ratings of noxious and tactile stimuli. A multi-level moderated mediation analysis revealed that behavioral responses are significantly involved in the translation of a stimulus into perception. This involvement was significantly stronger for noxious than for tactile stimuli. These findings show that the influence of behavioral responses on perception is particularly strong for pain which likely reflects the utmost relevance of behavioral responses to protect the body. These observations parallel recent concepts of emotions and entail implications for the understanding and treatment of pain.
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Distinct Somatic Discrimination Reflected by Laser-Evoked Potentials Using Scalp EEG Leads. J Med Biol Eng 2016; 36:460-469. [PMID: 27656118 PMCID: PMC5016541 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination is an important function in pain processing of the somatic cortex. The involvement of the somatic cortex has been studied using equivalent dipole analysis and neuroimaging, but the results are inconsistent. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) can reflect functional changes of particular brain regions underneath a lead. However, the responses of EEG leads close to the somatic cortex in response to pain have not been systematically evaluated. The present study applied CO2 laser stimulation to the dorsum of the left hand. Laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) of C4, T3, and T4 leads and pain ratings in response to four stimulus intensities were analyzed. LEPs started earlier at the C4 and T4 leads. The onset latency and peak latency of LEPs for C4 and T4 leads were the same. Only 10 of 22 subjects (45 %) presented equivalent current dipoles within the primary somatosensory or motor cortices. LEP amplitudes of these leads increased as stimulation intensity increased. The stimulus–response pattern of the C4 lead was highly correlated with pain rating. In contrast, an S-shaped stimulus–response curve was obtained for the T3 and T4 leads. The present study provides supporting evidence that particular scalp channels are able to reflect the functional characteristics of their underlying cortical areas. Our data strengthen the clinical application of somatic-cortex-related leads for pain discrimination.
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Abstract
Craniofacial nociceptive processing in patients ( n = 25) suffering from unilateral cluster headache was assessed by laser-evoked cortical potentials (LEPs). Latencies and amplitudes of late (N2, P2) and middle-latency (N1) LEPs were measured in chronic (CCH, n = 9) and episodic cluster headache (ECH, n = 17). In CCH patients on headache side N1c occurred later and P2 amplitude was smaller than on the healthy control side. In active periods of ECH patients P2 latency was shorter on the headache side. In remission periods of ECH patients the N2P2 ratio was lower on the headache side. In 19 out of 26 examinations in 25 headache patients LEP deviated from normative data in healthy controls ( n = 10) without any specific pattern of altered parameters. LEPs document pathological changes in craniofacial nociception in cluster headache. However, there seems to be no pathognomonic deviation pattern that enables reliable diagnosis of cluster headache and application of LEPs in further studies of pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ellrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurosurgery Section, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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36
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Chatelle C, Thibaut A, Whyte J, De Val MD, Laureys S, Schnakers C. Pain issues in disorders of consciousness. Brain Inj 2016; 28:1202-8. [PMID: 25099024 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.920518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of pain and nociception in non-communicative patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a real challenge for clinicians. It is, therefore, important to develop sensitive standardized tools usable at the bedside. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about pain processing and assessment in patients with DOC. METHODS A search was performed on PubMed using MeSH terms including vegetative state, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, minimally conscious state, consciousness disorders, pain, nociception, neuroimaging and pain assessment. RESULTS Neuroimaging studies investigating pain processing in patients with DOC and their implication for clinicians are reviewed. Current works on the development of standardized and sensitive tools for assessing nociception are described. CONCLUSION The suggested pain perception capacity highlighted by neuroimaging studies in patients in a MCS and in some patients in a VS/UWS supports the idea that these patients need analgesic treatment and monitoring. The first tool which has been developed to assess nociception and pain in patients with DOC is the NCS. Its revised version represents a rapid, standardized and sensitive scale which can be easily implemented in a clinical setting. Complementary pain assessments are also under validation in order to offer more options to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Chatelle
- Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
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Augmented Pain Processing in Primary and Secondary Somatosensory Cortex in Fibromyalgia: A Magnetoencephalography Study Using Intra-Epidermal Electrical Stimulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151776. [PMID: 26992095 PMCID: PMC4798786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate augmented pain processing in the cortical somatosensory system in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Cortical evoked responses were recorded in FM (n = 19) and healthy subjects (n = 21) using magnetoencephalography after noxious intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES) of the hand dorsum (pain rating 6 on a numeric rating scale, perceptually-equivalent). In addition, healthy subjects were stimulated using the amplitude corresponding to the average stimulus intensity rated 6 in patients with FM (intensity-equivalent). Quantitative sensory testing was performed on the hand dorsum or thenar muscle (neutral site) and over the trapezius muscle (tender point), using IES (thresholds, ratings, temporal summation of pain, stimulus-response curve) and mechanical stimuli (threshold, ratings). Increased amplitude of cortical responses was found in patients with FM as compared to healthy subjects. These included the contralateral primary (S1) and bilateral secondary somatosensory cortices (S2) in response to intensity-equivalent stimuli and the contralateral S1 and S2 in response to perceptually-equivalent stimuli. The amplitude of the contralateral S2 response in patients with FM was positively correlated with average pain intensity over the last week. Quantitative sensory testing results showed that patients with FM were more sensitive to painful IES as well as to mechanical stimulation, regardless of whether the stimulation site was the hand or the trapezius muscle. Interestingly, the slope of the stimulus-response relationship as well as temporal summation of pain in response to IES was not different between groups. Together, these results suggest that the observed pain augmentation in response to IES in patients with FM could be due to sensitization or disinhibition of the cortical somatosensory system. Since the S2 has been shown to play a role in higher-order functions, further studies are needed to clarify the role of augmented S2 response in clinical characteristics of FM.
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Liu CC, Chien JH, Chang YW, Kim JH, Anderson WS, Lenz FA. Functional role of induced gamma oscillatory responses in processing noxious and innocuous sensory events in humans. Neuroscience 2015; 310:389-400. [PMID: 26408986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma time-frequency responses (TFRs) induced by painful laser in the contralateral primary somatosensory (SI) cortex have been shown to correlate with perceived pain-intensity in human. Given the functional roles of gamma TFRs in the cortical spaces, it remains unclear whether such a relationship is sustained for other brain regions where the laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) are presented. In this study, we delivered the painful laser pluses at random pain-intensity levels (i.e. strong, medium and weak) in a single train to the dorsal hand of six patients with uncontrolled epilepsy. The laser stimulus produced a painful pinprick sensation by activating nociceptors located in the superficial layers of the skin. For each patient, arrays of >64 subdural electrodes were implanted directly covering the contralateral SI, parasylvian (PS) and medial frontal (MF) cortices to study the stimulus related gamma (TFRs) in the neocortex. In addition, using the same stimulation paradigm, the modality specificity of gamma TFRs was further examined by applying innocuous vibrotactile stimuli to the same regions of the dorsal hand in a separated group of five patients. Our results showed that gamma TFRs are not modality specific, but the largest gamma TFRs were consistently found within the SI region and noxious laser elicited significantly stronger gamma TFRs than innocuous nonpainful vibratory stimuli. Furthermore, stronger pain induced stronger gamma TFRs in the cortices of SI (r=0.4, p<0.001) and PS (r=0.29, p=0.005). Given that potentially harmful noxious stimulus would automatically capture greater attention than the innocuous ones, our results support the hypothesis that the degree of SI and PS gamma TFRs is associated with an attentional drive provoked by painful stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - J H Chien
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y W Chang
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F A Lenz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Maesawa S, Fujii M, Futamura M, Hayashi Y, Iijima K, Wakabayashi T. A case of secondary somatosensory epilepsy with a left deep parietal opercular lesion: successful tumor resection using a transsubcentral gyral approach during awake surgery. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:791-8. [PMID: 26295917 DOI: 10.3171/2015.2.jns142737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the clinical characteristics of patients with lesions in the deep parietal operculum facing the sylvian fissure, the region recognized as the secondary somatosensory area (SII). Moreover, surgical approaches in this region are challenging. In this paper the authors report on a patient presenting with SII epilepsy with a tumor in the left deep parietal operculum. The patient was a 24-year-old man who suffered daily partial seizures with extremely uncomfortable dysesthesia and/or occasional pain on his right side. MRI revealed a tumor in the medial aspect of the anterior transverse parietal gyrus, surrounding the posterior insular point. Long-term video electroencephalography monitoring with scalp electrodes failed to show relevant changes to seizures. Resection with cortical and subcortical mapping under awake conditions was performed. A negative response to stimulation was observed at the subcentral gyrus during language and somatosensory tasks; thus, the transcortical approach (specifically, a transsubcentral gyral approach) was used through this region. Subcortical stimulation at the medial aspect of the anterior parietal gyrus and the posterior insula around the posterior insular point elicited strong dysesthesia and pain in his right side, similar to manifestation of his seizure. The tumor was completely removed and pathologically diagnosed as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. His epilepsy disappeared without neurological deterioration postoperatively. In this case study, 3 points are clinically significant. First, the clinical manifestation of this case was quite rare, although still representative of SII epilepsy. Second, the location of the lesion made surgical removal challenging, and the transsubcentral gyral approach was useful when intraoperative mapping was performed during awake surgery. Third, intraoperative mapping demonstrated that the patient experienced pain with electrical stimulation around the posterior insular point. Thus, this report demonstrated the safe and effective use of the transsubcentral gyral approach during awake surgery to resect deep parietal opercular lesions, clarified electrophysiological characteristics in the SII area, and achieved successful tumor resection with good control of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maesawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine;,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University
| | - Masazumi Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Miyako Futamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center; and
| | - Yuichiro Hayashi
- Information and Communications Headquarters, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iijima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Ku Y, Zhao D, Bodner M, Zhou YD. Cooperative processing in primary somatosensory cortex and posterior parietal cortex during tactile working memory. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:1905-11. [PMID: 25980785 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, causal roles of both the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) were investigated in a tactile unimodal working memory (WM) task. Individual magnetic resonance imaging-based single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) was applied, respectively, to the left SI (ipsilateral to tactile stimuli), right SI (contralateral to tactile stimuli) and right PPC (contralateral to tactile stimuli), while human participants were performing a tactile-tactile unimodal delayed matching-to-sample task. The time points of spTMS were 300, 600 and 900 ms after the onset of the tactile sample stimulus (duration: 200 ms). Compared with ipsilateral SI, application of spTMS over either contralateral SI or contralateral PPC at those time points significantly impaired the accuracy of task performance. Meanwhile, the deterioration in accuracy did not vary with the stimulating time points. Together, these results indicate that the tactile information is processed cooperatively by SI and PPC in the same hemisphere, starting from the early delay of the tactile unimodal WM task. This pattern of processing of tactile information is different from the pattern in tactile-visual cross-modal WM. In a tactile-visual cross-modal WM task, SI and PPC contribute to the processing sequentially, suggesting a process of sensory information transfer during the early delay between modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ku
- The Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, MOE & STCSM, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3663, North Zhongshan Road, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,Departments of Neurology, Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhao
- The Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, MOE & STCSM, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3663, North Zhongshan Road, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | | | - Yong-Di Zhou
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China.,Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, 338 Krieger Hall, Baltimore, MA 21218, USA
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41
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Mochizuki H, Kakigi R. Itch and brain. J Dermatol 2015; 42:761-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology; Temple University School of Medicine; Temple Itch Center; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology; National Institute for Physiological Sciences; Okazaki Japan
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Wasserman T, Wasserman LD. The Misnomer of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2015; 4:116-22. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1005487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Ferrè ER, Haggard P. Vestibular–Somatosensory Interactions: A Mechanism in Search of a Function? Multisens Res 2015; 28:559-79. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
No unimodal vestibular cortex has been identified in the human brain. Rather, vestibular inputs are strongly integrated with signals from other sensory modalities, such as vision, touch and proprioception. This convergence could reflect an important mechanism for maintaining a perception of the body, including individual body parts, relative to the rest of the environment. Neuroimaging, electrophysiological and psychophysical studies showed evidence for multisensory interactions between vestibular and somatosensory signals. However, no convincing overall theoretical framework has been proposed for vestibular–somatosensory interactions, and it remains unclear whether such percepts are by-products of neural convergence, or a functional multimodal integration. Here we review the current literature on vestibular–multisensory interactions in order to develop a framework for understanding the functions of such multimodal interaction. We propose that the target of vestibular–somatosensory interactions is a form of self-representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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Kirveskari E, Vartiainen NV, Kallio-Laine K, Kalso E, Forss N. Normal laser-evoked cortical responses in patients with chronic hemibody pain. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:1168-76. [PMID: 25523148 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with widespread unilateral chronic pain associated with recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections show functional and/or structural changes in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal and prefrontal cortices, as well as the thalamus, suggesting central dysfunction of the pain system in these patients. Central pain has been associated with attenuated laser-evoked cortical responses. We aimed to clarify whether the observed deficient activation of these areas to acute nociceptive stimuli is due to a lesion at a lower level of pain processing pathways. METHODS We explored the functional integrity of the ascending nociceptive pathways by recording the cortical-evoked responses to noxious laser stimulation using magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography in eight patients (age 41-51 years, mean 46) with recurrent HSV infections and a history of chronic, spontaneous, widespread unilateral pain, and in nine age-matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS The cortical-evoked fields of the HSV patients originating from the secondary somatosensory and posterior parietal cortices, as well as the evoked potentials recorded from the midline, did not differ from those of the control subjects, indicating functionally intact ascending nociceptive pathways. CONCLUSIONS The present results show that our patients with chronic hemibody pain do not show signs of spinothalamic tract lesion. This indicates normal processing of sensory aspects of painful stimuli, while higher pain processing areas show altered activation. We conclude that normal laser-evoked magnetic fields (LEF) or laser-evoked potentials (LEP) may not exclude central pain condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kirveskari
- Brain Research Unit and MEG Core, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, Aalto Neuroimaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.,Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - N V Vartiainen
- Brain Research Unit and MEG Core, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, Aalto Neuroimaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - K Kallio-Laine
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Clinic, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - E Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Clinic, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Forss
- Brain Research Unit and MEG Core, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, Aalto Neuroimaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Mochizuki H, Kakigi R. Central mechanisms of itch. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 126:1650-60. [PMID: 25534483 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Itch is a complex sensory and emotional experience. Functional brain imaging studies have been performed to identify brain regions associated with this complex experience, and these studies reported that several brain regions are activated by itch stimuli. The possible roles of these regions in itch perception and difference in cerebral mechanism between healthy subjects and chronic itch patients are discussed in this review article. Additionally, the central itch modulation system and cerebral mechanisms of contagious itch, pleasurable sensation evoked by scratching have also been investigated in previous brain imaging studies. We also discuss how these studies advance our understanding of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Temple Itch Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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46
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Zhao C, Valentini E, Hu L. Functional features of crossmodal mismatch responses. Exp Brain Res 2014; 233:617-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Cortical responses to C-fiber stimulation by intra-epidermal electrical stimulation: An MEG study. Neurosci Lett 2014; 570:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Chung YG, Han SW, Kim HS, Chung SC, Park JY, Wallraven C, Kim SP. Intra- and inter-hemispheric effective connectivity in the human somatosensory cortex during pressure stimulation. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:43. [PMID: 24649878 PMCID: PMC3994419 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Slow-adapting type I (SA-I) afferents deliver sensory signals to the somatosensory cortex during low-frequency (or static) mechanical stimulation. It has been reported that the somatosensory projection from SA-I afferents is effective and reliable for object grasping and manipulation. Despite a large number of neuroimaging studies on cortical activation responding to tactile stimuli mediated by SA-I afferents, how sensory information of such tactile stimuli flows over the somatosensory cortex remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated tactile information processing of pressure stimuli between the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices by measuring effective connectivity using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We applied pressure stimuli for 3 s to the right index fingertip of healthy participants and acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data using a 3T MRI system. Results DCM analysis revealed intra-hemispheric effective connectivity between the contralateral SI (cSI) and SII (cSII) characterized by both parallel (signal inputs to both cSI and cSII) and serial (signal transmission from cSI to cSII) pathways during pressure stimulation. DCM analysis also revealed inter-hemispheric effective connectivity among cSI, cSII, and the ipsilateral SII (iSII) characterized by serial (from cSI to cSII) and SII-level (from cSII to iSII) pathways during pressure stimulation. Conclusions Our results support a hierarchical somatosensory network that underlies processing of low-frequency tactile information. The network consists of parallel inputs to both cSI and cSII (intra-hemispheric), followed by serial pathways from cSI to cSII (intra-hemispheric) and from cSII to iSII (inter-hemispheric). Importantly, our results suggest that both serial and parallel processing take place in tactile information processing of static mechanical stimuli as well as highlighting the contribution of callosal transfer to bilateral neuronal interactions in SII.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Wallraven
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Pazzaglia C, Valeriani M. Brain-evoked potentials as a tool for diagnosing neuropathic pain. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:759-71. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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