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He L, Zuo Q, Ma S, Zhang G, Wang Z, Zhang T, Zhai J, Guo Y. Canagliflozin attenuates kidney injury, gut-derived toxins, and gut microbiota imbalance in high-salt diet-fed Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2300314. [PMID: 38189082 PMCID: PMC10776083 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2300314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of canagliflozin (20 mg/kg) on Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rat gut microbiota and salt-sensitive hypertension-induced kidney injury and further explore its possible mechanism. METHODS Rats were fed a high-salt diet to induce hypertension and kidney injury, and physical and physiological indicators were measured afterwards. This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing technology and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolic profiling combined with advanced differential and association analyses to investigate the correlation between the microbiome and the metabolome in male DSS rats. RESULTS A high-salt diet disrupted the balance of the intestinal flora and increased toxic metabolites (methyhistidines, creatinine, homocitrulline, and indoxyl sulfate), resulting in severe kidney damage. Canagliflozin contributed to reconstructing the intestinal flora of DSS rats by significantly increasing the abundance of Corynebacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Facklamia spp., Lactobacillus spp., Ruminococcus spp., Blautia spp., Coprococcus spp., and Allobaculum spp. Moreover, the reconstruction of the intestinal microbiota led to significant changes in host amino acid metabolite concentrations. The concentration of uremic toxins, such as methyhistidines, creatinine, and homocitrulline, in the serum of rats was decreased by canagliflozin, which resulted in oxidative stress and renal injury alleviation. CONCLUSION Canagliflozin may change the production of metabolites and reduce the level of uremic toxins in the blood circulation by reconstructing the intestinal flora of DSS rats fed a high-salt diet, ultimately alleviating oxidative stress and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Zuo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianlong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifang Guo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ge Y, Wang J, Wu L, Wu J. Gut microbiota: a potential new regulator of hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1333005. [PMID: 38993521 PMCID: PMC11236727 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1333005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has become a global public health concern. Although hypertension results from a combination of factors, the specific mechanism is still unclear. However, increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is closely associated with the development of hypertension. We provide a summary of the composition and physiological role of gut microbiota. We then delve into the mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites involved in the occurrence and development of hypertension. Finally, we review various regimens for better-controlling hypertension from the diet, exercise, drugs, antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lincong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Mu YF, Gao ZX, Mao ZH, Pan SK, Liu DW, Liu ZS, Wu P. Perspectives on the involvement of the gut microbiota in salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01747-y. [PMID: 38877311 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Salt-sensitivity hypertension (SSH) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular event-related death. Despite the extensiveness of research on hypertension, which covers areas such as the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin system, the vascular system, and the immune system, its pathogenesis remains elusive, with sub-optimal blood pressure control in patients. The gut microbiota is an important component of nutritional support and constitutes a barrier in the host. Long-term high salt intake can lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis and cause significant changes in the expression of gut microbiota-related metabolites. Of these metabolites, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine oxide, amino acids, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharide are essential mediators of microbe-host crosstalk. These metabolites may contribute to the incidence and development of SSH via inflammatory, immune, vascular, and nervous pathways, among others. In addition, recent studies, including those on the histone deacetylase inhibitory mechanism of SCFAs and the blood pressure-decreasing effects of H2S via vascular activation, suggest that several proteins and factors in the classical pathway elicit their effects through multiple non-classical pathways. This review summarizes changes in the gut microbiota and its related metabolites in high-salt environments, as well as corresponding treatment methods for SSH, such as diet management, probiotic and prebiotic use, antibiotic use, and fecal transplantation, to provide new insights and perspectives for understanding SSH pathogenesis and the development of strategies for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Mu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Xiuzi Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hui Mao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Kang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Sree Kumar H, Wisner AS, Schiefer IT, Alviter Plata A, Zubcevic J. Chronotropic and vasoactive properties of the gut bacterial short-chain fatty acids in larval zebrafish. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:426-435. [PMID: 38557279 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00013.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut bacteria have been associated with cardiovascular dysfunction in humans and rodents. However, studies exploring effects of SCFAs on cardiovascular parameters in the zebrafish, an increasingly popular model in cardiovascular research, remain limited. Here, we performed fecal bacterial 16S sequencing and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the composition and abundance of gut microbiota and SCFAs in adult zebrafish. Following this, the acute effects of major SCFAs on heart rate and vascular tone were measured in anesthetized zebrafish larvae using fecal concentrations of butyrate, acetate, and propionate. Finally, we investigated if coincubation with butyrate may lessen the effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) and phenylephrine (PE) on vascular tone in anesthetized zebrafish larvae. We found that the abundance in Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria phyla in the adult zebrafish resembled those reported in rodents and humans. SCFA levels with highest concentration of acetate (27.43 µM), followed by butyrate (2.19 µM) and propionate (1.65 µM) were observed in the fecal samples of adult zebrafish. Immersion in butyrate and acetate produced a ∼20% decrease in heart rate (HR), respectively, with no observed effects of propionate. Butyrate alone also produced an ∼25% decrease in the cross-sectional width of the dorsal aorta (DA) at 60 min (*P < 0.05), suggesting compensatory vasoconstriction, with no effects of either acetate or propionate. In addition, butyrate significantly alleviated the decrease in DA cross-sectional width produced by both ANG II and PE. We demonstrate the potential for zebrafish in investigation of host-microbiota interactions in cardiovascular health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We highlight the presence of a core gut microbiota and demonstrate in vivo short-chain fatty acid production in adult zebrafish. In addition, we show cardio-beneficial vasoactive and chronotropic properties of butyrate, and chronotropic properties of acetate in anesthetized zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemaa Sree Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Alexander S Wisner
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Isaac T Schiefer
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Adriana Alviter Plata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
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Al-Khazaleh AK, Chang D, Münch GW, Bhuyan DJ. The Gut Connection: Exploring the Possibility of Implementing Gut Microbial Metabolites in Lymphoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1464. [PMID: 38672546 PMCID: PMC11048693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has implicated the gut microbiota in the development of lymphoma. Dysbiosis of the gut microbial community can disrupt the production of gut microbial metabolites, thereby impacting host physiology and potentially contributing to lymphoma. Dysbiosis-driven release of gut microbial metabolites such as lipopolysaccharides can promote chronic inflammation, potentially elevating the risk of lymphoma. In contrast, gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, have shown promise in preclinical studies by promoting regulatory T-cell function, suppressing inflammation, and potentially preventing lymphoma. Another metabolite, urolithin A, exhibited immunomodulatory and antiproliferative properties against lymphoma cell lines in vitro. While research on the role of gut microbial metabolites in lymphoma is limited, this article emphasizes the need to comprehend their significance, including therapeutic applications, molecular mechanisms of action, and interactions with standard chemotherapies. The article also suggests promising directions for future research in this emerging field of connection between lymphoma and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad K. Al-Khazaleh
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Gerald W. Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Schwarz A, Hernandez L, Arefin S, Sartirana E, Witasp A, Wernerson A, Stenvinkel P, Kublickiene K. Sweet, bloody consumption - what we eat and how it affects vascular ageing, the BBB and kidney health in CKD. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341449. [PMID: 38686499 PMCID: PMC11062370 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In today's industrialized society food consumption has changed immensely toward heightened red meat intake and use of artificial sweeteners instead of grains and vegetables or sugar, respectively. These dietary changes affect public health in general through an increased incidence of metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, with a further elevated risk for cardiorenal complications. Research shows that high red meat intake and artificial sweeteners ingestion can alter the microbial composition and further intestinal wall barrier permeability allowing increased transmission of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, trimethylamine n-oxide and phenylacetylglutamine into the blood stream causing an array of pathophysiological effects especially as a strain on the kidneys, since they are responsible for clearing out the toxins. In this review, we address how the burden of the Western diet affects the gut microbiome in altering the microbial composition and increasing the gut permeability for uremic toxins and the detrimental effects thereof on early vascular aging, the kidney per se and the blood-brain barrier, in addition to the potential implications for dietary changes/interventions to preserve the health issues related to chronic diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Schwarz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leah Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Sartirana
- Department of Translational Medicine, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Witasp
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Li J, Ma G, Xie J, Xu K, Lai H, Li Y, He Y, Yu H, Liao X, Wang X, Li Z, Kong L, Mi B, Shen Y, Tian T, Liu X. Differential Gut Microbiota, Dietary Intakes in Constipation Patients with or without Hypertension. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300208. [PMID: 37712107 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Diet and gut microbiota are involved in blood pressure regulations, but few studies have focused on the constipation patients. The study seeks to identify differences in gut microbiota between hypertensive and normotensive subjects in constipation patients, analyzes the relationship between dietary patterns and blood pressure, and explores mediation effects of gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS Gut microbial genera and dietary information of 186 functional constipation participants are characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing and a food frequency questionnaire. The hypertensive subjects shows lower α-diversity and β-diversity of gut microbiota than normotensive (p < 0.05) and 17 differential microbial genera. The dried-beans intake frequency inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure after multivariate adjustment (r = -0.273, p-FDR < 0.01; r = -0.251, p-FDR = 0.026, respectively). Logistic regression indicates that the individuals often consumed dried-beans have a lower hypertension risk than those never consumed [OR = 0.137, 95% CI: (0.022, 0.689), p = 0.022]. A marginal mediating effect of the genus Monoglobus is observed for the association between high-fiber dietary pattern and hypertension. CONCLUSION In patients with functional constipation, hypertension-related gut microbial differences are identified. Dried-beans intake is inversely associated with blood pressure, and a genus may potentially mediate the association between high-fiber dietary pattern and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guoqing Ma
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiawen Xie
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hao Lai
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yafang He
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xia Liao
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Liyun Kong
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Baibing Mi
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Nutrition, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, 710016, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Avendaño-Ortiz J, Lorente-Ros Á, Briones-Figueroa A, Morán-Alvarez P, García-Fernández A, Garrote-Corral S, Amil-Casas I, Carrasco-Sayalero Á, Tejada-Velarde A, Camino-López A, Jiménez-Mena M, del Campo R, Villalobos-Sánchez L, García-Villanueva MJ. Serological short-chain fatty acid and trimethylamine N-oxide microbial metabolite imbalances in young adults with acute myocardial infarction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20854. [PMID: 37867899 PMCID: PMC10589863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with systemic inflammatory processes and metabolic alterations. Microbial-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), have emerged in recent years as key players in the modulation of inflammation, with potential implications for cardiovascular diseases. We performed a prospective observational study that monitored the serological concentration of bacterial metabolites in 45 young patients (<55 years) without cardiovascular risk factors but with AMI, at hospital admission and at 3 months of follow-up, and compared them with a control group. TMAO and acetate levels were significantly higher in AMI, whereas butyrate and propionate were significantly lower. The acetate/propionate ratio showed the most discrimination between AMI and controls by receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve 0.769, P < 0.0001). A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that this ratio was independently associated with AMI. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations, but not TMAO, exhibited significant correlations with inflammatory and coagulation parameters. Three months after the acute AMI event, all metabolite levels returned to those observed in healthy controls except butyrate. In conclusion, our study reveals disturbances of the serological concentration of microbiota-derived metabolites in AMI that are also related to inflammatory and coagulation parameters. These findings highlight an interesting field of study in the potential role of microbial metabolites from gut in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Avendaño-Ortiz
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Ros
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Garrote-Corral
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Amil-Casas
- Benita de Ávila Health Center, Primary Care Management, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Amalia Tejada-Velarde
- Department of Inmunology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Camino-López
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Mena
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
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9
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Lv J, Wang J, Yu Y, Zhao M, Yang W, Liu J, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wang G, Guo L, Zhao H. Alterations of gut microbiota are associated with blood pressure: a cross-sectional clinical trial in Northwestern China. J Transl Med 2023; 21:429. [PMID: 37391847 PMCID: PMC10311887 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut microbiota (GM) is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN), and could be affected by various factors, including sex and geography. However, available data directly linking GM to HTN based on sex differences are limited. METHODS This study investigated the GM characteristics in HTN subjects in Northwestern China, and evaluate the associations of GM with blood pressure levels based on sex differences. A total of 87 HTN subjects and 45 controls were recruited with demographic and clinical characteristics documented. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS GM diversity was observed higher in females compared to males, and principal coordinate analysis showed an obvious segregation of females and males. Four predominant phyla of fecal GM included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. LEfSe analysis indicated that phylum unidentified_Bacteria was enriched in HTN females, while Leuconostocaceae, Weissella and Weissella_cibaria were enriched in control females (P < 0.05). Functionally, ROC analysis revealed that Cellular Processes (0.796, 95% CI 0.620 ~ 0.916), Human Diseases (0.773, 95% CI 0.595 ~ 0.900), Signal transduction (0.806, 95% CI 0.631 ~ 0.922) and Two-component system (0.806, 95% CI 0.631 ~ 0.922) could differentiate HTN females as effective functional classifiers, which were also positively correlated with systolic blood pressure levels. CONCLUSIONS This work provides evidence of fecal GM characteristics in HTN females and males in a northwestern Chinese population, further supporting the notion that GM dysbiosis may participate in the pathogenesis of HTN, and the role of sex differences should be considered. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019191. Registered 30 October 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junye Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Quality Control, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Heping Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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10
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Yang Y, Li J, Zhou Z, Wu S, Zhao J, Jia W, Liu M, Shen X, He F, Cheng R. Gut Microbiota Perturbation in Early Life Could Influence Pediatric Blood Pressure Regulation in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Juvenile Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:2661. [PMID: 37375565 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether gut dysbiosis induced by ceftriaxone in early life could influence pediatric blood pressure regulation in childhood with or without exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). Sixty-three newborn pups of Sprague-Dawley rats were administered ceftriaxone sodium or saline solution until weaning at 3 weeks, and the rats were fed a HFD or regular diet from 3 to 6 weeks. Tail-cuff blood pressure, the expression levels of genes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the colon and prefrontal cortex, and the composition of fecal microbiota were analyzed. Ceftriaxone treatment significantly increased the diastolic blood pressure of male rats at 3 weeks. At 6 weeks, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly increased only in ceftriaxone treated male rats fed with HFD. The RAS showed increased activation in the kidney, heart, hypothalamus, and thoracic and abdominal aorta of male rats, but only in the kidney, heart, and hypothalamus of female rats. HFD-fed female rats showed a decreased level of IL-6 in the colon. α diversity of gut microbiota decreased and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio increased in both male and female rats at 3 weeks; however, these parameters recovered to various degrees in female rats at 6 weeks. These results revealed that early-life gut dysbiosis induced by antibiotics combined with a HFD in childhood could be involved in pediatric blood pressure regulation and an increase in SBP in juvenile rats, and these effects occurred in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhimo Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Simou Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jincheng Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meixun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Moore BN, Pluznick JL. Commensal microbiota regulate renal gene expression in a sex-specific manner. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F511-F520. [PMID: 37053490 PMCID: PMC10202489 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00303.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome impacts host gene expression not only in the colon but also at distal sites including the liver, white adipose tissue, and spleen. The gut microbiome also influences the kidney and is associated with renal diseases and pathologies; however, a role for the gut microbiome to modulate renal gene expression has not been examined. To determine if microbes modulate renal gene expression, we used whole organ RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in C57Bl/6 mice that were germ free (lacking gut microbiota) versus conventionalized (gut microbiota reintroduced using an oral gavage of a fecal slurry composed of mixed stool). 16S sequencing showed that male and female mice were similarly conventionalized, although Verrucomicrobia was higher in male mice. We found that renal gene expression was differentially regulated in the presence vs. absence of microbiota and that these changes were largely sex specific. Although microbes also influenced gene expression in the liver and large intestine, most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the kidney were not similarly regulated in the liver or large intestine. This demonstrates that the influence of the gut microbiota on gene expression is tissue specific. However, a minority of genes (n = 4 in males and n = 6 in females) were similarly regulated in all three tissues examined, including genes associated with circadian rhythm (period 1 in males and period 2 in females) and metal binding (metallothionein 1 and metallothionein 2 in both males and females). Finally, using a previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset, we assigned a subset of DEGs to specific kidney cell types, revealing clustering of DEGs by cell type and/or sex.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is unknown whether the microbiome influences host gene expression in the kidney. Here, we utilized an unbiased, bulk RNA-sequencing approach to compare gene expression in the kidneys of male and female mice with or without gut microbiota. This report demonstrates that renal gene expression is modulated by the microbiome in a sex- and tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni N Moore
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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12
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Sree Kumar H, Wisner AS, Refsnider JM, Martyniuk CJ, Zubcevic J. Small fish, big discoveries: zebrafish shed light on microbial biomarkers for neuro-immune-cardiovascular health. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1186645. [PMID: 37324381 PMCID: PMC10267477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1186645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful model to study the gut microbiome in the context of human conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and immune dysfunction. Here, we highlight zebrafish as a tool to bridge the gap in knowledge in linking the gut microbiome and physiological homeostasis of cardiovascular, neural, and immune systems, both independently and as an integrated axis. Drawing on zebrafish studies to date, we discuss challenges in microbiota transplant techniques and gnotobiotic husbandry practices. We present advantages and current limitations in zebrafish microbiome research and discuss the use of zebrafish in identification of microbial enterotypes in health and disease. We also highlight the versatility of zebrafish studies to further explore the function of human conditions relevant to gut dysbiosis and reveal novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemaa Sree Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Alexander S. Wisner
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jeanine M. Refsnider
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, OH, United States
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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13
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Baranwal G, Goodlett BL, Arenaz CM, Creed HA, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Rutkowski JM, Alaniz RC, Mitchell BM. Indole Propionic Acid Increases T Regulatory Cells and Decreases T Helper 17 Cells and Blood Pressure in Mice with Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9192. [PMID: 37298145 PMCID: PMC10252743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects over a billion adults worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies have reported that the microbiota and its metabolites regulate hypertension pathophysiology. Recently, tryptophan metabolites have been identified to contribute to and inhibit the progression of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Indole propionic acid (IPA) is a tryptophan metabolite with reported protective effects in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases; however, its involvement in renal immunomodulation and sodium handling in hypertension is unknown. In the current study, targeted metabolomic analysis revealed decreased serum and fecal IPA levels in mice with L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)/high salt diet-induced hypertension (LSHTN) compared to normotensive control mice. Additionally, kidneys from LSHTN mice had increased T helper 17 (Th17) cells and decreased T regulatory (Treg) cells. Dietary IPA supplementation in LSHTN mice for 3 weeks resulted in decreased systolic blood pressure, along with increased total 24 h and fractional sodium excretion. Kidney immunophenotyping demonstrated decreased Th17 cells and a trend toward increased Treg cells in IPA-supplemented LSHTN mice. In vitro, naïve T cells from control mice were skewed into Th17 or Treg cells. The presence of IPA decreased Th17 cells and increased Treg cells after 3 days. These results identify a direct role for IPA in attenuating renal Th17 cells and increasing Treg cells, leading to improved sodium handling and decreased blood pressure. IPA may be a potential metabolite-based therapeutic option for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baranwal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | - Bethany L. Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | - Cristina M. Arenaz
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | - Heidi A. Creed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | | | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | - Robert C. Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
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14
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Lim T, Lee K, Kim RH, Ryu J, Cha KH, Park SY, Koo SY, Hwang KT. Effects of black raspberry extract on gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and expressions of the genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:577-587. [PMID: 36911337 PMCID: PMC9992478 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, black raspberry (BR) reduced the serum levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide and cholesterol in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet (HFC). We hypothesized that gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the production of trimethylamine and microbial metabolites, and BR could influence gut microbial composition. This study aimed to elucidate the role of BR on changes in gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the rats. The phylogenetic diversity of gut microbiota was reduced in the rats fed HFC, while that in the BR-fed group was restored. The BR supplementation enriched Bifidobacterium and reduced Clostridium cluster XIVa. In the BR-fed group, most cecal bile acids and hippuric acid increased, while serum lithocholic acid was reduced. The BR supplementation upregulated Cyp7a1 and downregulated Srebf2. These results suggest that BR extract may change gut bacterial community, modulate bile acids, and regulate gene expression toward reducing cholesterol. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01267-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Kiuk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Ryun Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
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15
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Interaction between Butyrate and Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Primary Rat Colonocytes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020258. [PMID: 36830627 PMCID: PMC9953264 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is utilized by the gut epithelium as energy and it improves the gut epithelial barrier. More recently, it has been associated with beneficial effects on immune and cardiovascular homeostasis. Conversely, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-hypertensive cytokine. While butyrate and TNFα are both linked with hypertension, studies have not yet addressed their interaction in the colon. Here, we investigated the capacity of butyrate to modulate a host of effects of TNFα in primary rodent colonic cells in vitro. We measured ATP levels, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolytic activity in colonocytes following exposure to either butyrate or TNFα, or both. To address the potential mechanisms, transcripts related to oxidative stress, cell fate, and cell metabolism (Pdk1, Pdk2, Pdk4, Spr, Slc16a1, Slc16a3, Ppargc1a, Cs, Lgr5, Casp3, Tnfr2, Bax, Bcl2, Sod1, Sod2, and Cat) were measured, and untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to profile the metabolic responses of colonocytes following exposure to butyrate and TNFα. We found that both butyrate and TNFα lowered cellular ATP levels towards a quiescent cell energy phenotype, characterized by decreased oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification. Co-treatment with butyrate ameliorated TNFα-induced cytotoxicity and the reduction in cell viability. Butyrate also opposed the TNFα-mediated decrease in MMP and mitochondrial-to-intracellular calcium ratios, suggesting that butyrate may protect colonocytes against TNFα-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing mitochondrial calcium flux. The relative expression levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) were increased via co-treatment of butyrate and TNFα, suggesting the synergistic inhibition of glycolysis. TNFα alone reduced the expression of monocarboxylate transporters slc16a1 and slc16a3, suggesting effects of TNFα on butyrate uptake into colonocytes. Of the 185 metabolites that were detected with LC-MS, the TNFα-induced increase in biopterin produced the only significant change, suggesting an alteration in mitochondrial biogenesis in colonocytes. Considering the reports of elevated colonic TNFα and reduced butyrate metabolism in many conditions, including in hypertension, the present work sheds light on cellular interactions between TNFα and butyrate in colonocytes that may be important in understanding conditions of the colon.
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16
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Cao Y, Li P, Zhang Y, Qiu M, Li J, Ma S, Yan Y, Li Y, Han Y. Dietary Inflammatory Index and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Hypertension: Results from NHANES. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020506. [PMID: 36675436 PMCID: PMC9864621 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Both diet and inflammation are strongly associated with hypertension. However, the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the prognosis of hypertensive patients over 65 years of age is unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between DII and all-cause mortality in older adults with hypertension. Data were obtained from the 2011−2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and followed for survival through December 31, 2019. DII was calculated by the 24 h dietary history interview. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the associations. A total of 2531 participants were finally included. During a median follow-up of 4.33 years, 471 participants were determined as all-cause mortality. After adjusting for confounding factors, DII was positively correlated with the risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01−1.16). Compared with the anti-inflammatory diet group (DII < 0), the pro-inflammatory diet group (DII > 0) had a 54% increased risk of all-cause death (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.13−2.10). The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. DII was positively correlated with the all-cause mortality of elderly hypertensive patients. The results provided an aid to dietary evaluation in the nonpharmacologic management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- The Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
- The Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Pengxiao Li
- The Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
- The Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Miaohan Qiu
- The Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Sicong Ma
- The Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yudong Yan
- The Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
- The Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Yi Li
- The Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yaling Han
- The Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
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17
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Jiang X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Yin X, Yuan F, Wang S, Tian Y. Acetate suppresses myocardial contraction via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1111156. [PMID: 36589441 PMCID: PMC9800787 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has high energy requirements, with an estimated 40%-60% of myocardial ATP production derived from the oxidation of fatty acids under physiological conditions. However, the effect of short-chain fatty acids on myocardial contraction remains controversial, warranting further research. The present study sought to investigate the effects and mechanisms of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid, on myocardial contraction in rat ventricular myocytes. Echocardiography and Langendorff heart perfusion were used to evaluate cardiac function. Cell shortening and calcium transient were measured in isolated cardiomyocytes. The patch-clamp method determined the action potential and L-type Ca2+ current in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the expression of GPR43, a type of short-chain fatty acid receptors in cardiomyocytes was examined by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot. We demonstrated that acetate transiently reduced left ventricular developmental pressure in isolated Langendorff heart perfusion model, with no effect on stroke volume and cardiac output in vivo. In addition, acetate transiently and reversibly inhibited cardiomyocyte contraction and calcium transient. Acetate did not affect the action potential and L-type Ca2+ currents in cardiomyocytes. As a short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43 was expressed in rat cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the GPR43 antagonist GLPG0974 prevented the acetate-induced inhibitory effect on myocardial contraction. We conclude that acetate transiently inhibits contraction via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yin
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Sheng Wang, ; Yanming Tian,
| | - Yanming Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Sheng Wang, ; Yanming Tian,
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18
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Liska DJ, Dioum E, Chu Y, Mah E. Narrative Review on the Effects of Oat and Sprouted Oat Components on Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224772. [PMID: 36432463 PMCID: PMC9698489 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline. Elevations in blood pressure (BP) leading to HTN can be found in young adults with increased prevalence as people age. Oats are known to decrease CVD risk via an established effect of β-glucan on the attenuation of blood cholesterol. Many past studies on CVD and oats have also reported a decrease in BP; however, a thorough assessment of oats and BP has not been conducted. Moreover, oats deliver several beneficial dietary components with putative beneficial effects on BP or endothelial function, such as β-glucan, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and phytochemicals such as avenanthramides. We conducted a comprehensive search for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical intervention studies on oats and BP and identified 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three meta-analyses that supported the role of oats in decreasing BP. Emerging data also suggest oat consumption may reduce the use of anti-hypertensive medications. The majority of these studies utilized whole oats or oat bran, which include a vast array of oat bioactives. Therefore, we also extensively reviewed the literature on these bioactives and their putative effect on BP-relevant mechanisms. The data suggest several oat components, such as GABA, as well as the delivery of high-quality plant protein and fermentable prebiotic fiber, may contribute to the anti-HTN effect of oats. In particular, GABA is enhanced in oat sprouts, which suggests this food may be particularly beneficial for healthy BP management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ElHadji Dioum
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yifang Chu
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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de Assis Gadelha DD, de Brito Alves JL, da Costa PCT, da Luz MS, de Oliveira Cavalcanti C, Bezerril FF, Almeida JF, de Campos Cruz J, Magnani M, Balarini CM, Rodrigues Mascarenhas S, de Andrade Braga V, de França-Falcão MDS. Lactobacillus group and arterial hypertension: A broad review on effects and proposed mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3839-3860. [PMID: 36269014 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2136618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with intestinal dysbiosis with a decrease in beneficial microbiota. Probiotics can positively modulate the impaired microbiota and impart benefits to the cardiovascular system. Among them, the emended Lactobacillus has stood out as a microorganism capable of reducing blood pressure, being the target of several studies focused on managing hypertension. This review aimed to present the potential of Lactobacillus as an antihypertensive non-pharmacological strategy. We will address preclinical and clinical studies that support this proposal and the mechanisms of action by which these microorganisms reduce blood pressure or prevent its elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marciane Magnani
- Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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20
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Zhong F, Xu Y, Lai HY, Yang M, Cheng L, Liu X, Sun X, Yang Y, Wang J, Lv W, Huang C. Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors in physically active elderly women: A randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1004863. [PMID: 36338472 PMCID: PMC9631483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1004863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise can modulate gut microbiota and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between exercise-induced changes in gut microbiota and CVD risk have not been investigated. Objective: This study determined the effects of exercise training on CVD risk and gut microbiota in physically active elderly women and whether exercise-induced gut microbiota changes were associated with CVD risk. Methods: An 8-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 14 elderly women assigned to exercise group (n = 8) or control group (n = 6). Physical function, sarcopenic obesity, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated as components of CVD risk. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine intra-group and inter-group differences. Results: A significant group × time interaction was observed for chair sit-and-reach (F = 8.262, p = 0.014), single-leg standing with eyes closed (F = 7.340, p = 0.019), waist circumference (F = 6.254, p = 0.028), and body fat mass (F = 12.263, p = 0.004), for which the exercise group showed improved trends. The exercise group exhibited significant improvements in skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.041) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.017). Regarding gut microbiota, a significant interaction was observed for the class Betaproteobacteria (F = 6.822, p = 0.023) and genus Holdemania (F = 4.852, p = 0.048). Conclusion: The 8-week exercise training improved physical function, lowered CVD risk, and modulated relative abundance of gut microbiota associated with CVD in physically active elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhong
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinger Liu
- Kunshan Old Companion Home Care Service Agency, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Cong Huang,
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21
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van Deuren T, Blaak EE, Canfora EE. Butyrate to combat obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders: Current status and future implications for therapeutic use. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13498. [PMID: 35856338 PMCID: PMC9541926 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, a major end product of the bacterial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates, is reputed to have anti-inflammatory properties and positive effects on body weight control and insulin sensitivity. However, whether butyrate has therapeutic potential for the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-related complications remains to be elucidated. Overall, animal studies strongly indicate that butyrate administered via various routes (e.g., orally) positively affects adipose tissue metabolism and functioning, energy and substrate metabolism, systemic and tissue-specific inflammation, and insulin sensitivity and body weight control. A limited number of human studies demonstrated interindividual differences in clinical effectiveness suggesting that outcomes may depend on the metabolic, microbial, and lifestyle-related characteristics of the target population. Hence, despite abundant evidence from animal data, support of human data is urgently required for the implementation of evidence-based oral and gut-derived butyrate interventions. To increase the efficacy of butyrate-focused interventions, future research should investigate which factors impact treatment outcomes including baseline gut microbial activity and functionality, thereby optimizing targeted-interventions and identifying individuals that merit most from such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirza van Deuren
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Dardi P, dos Santos-Eichler RA, de Oliveira S, Vinolo MAR, Câmara NOS, Rossoni LV. Reduced intestinal butyrate availability is associated with the vascular remodeling in resistance arteries of hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998362. [PMID: 36246106 PMCID: PMC9558208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypertension an unbalance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production by intestinal bacteria is described. However, no data evaluate the association of SCFAs and vascular remodeling in hypertension, which is an important hallmark of this disease. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the correlations between SCFAs availability and the resistance arteries remodeling in hypertension, as well as to identify the possible pathway by which the SCFAs could exert a structural and mechanical influence. Hence, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats had blood pressure measured by tail-cuff plethysmography; fecal SCFAs content assessed by gas chromatography; gene expression of SCFAs-transporters in gut epithelium and SCFAs-sensing receptors on mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) quantified by PCR; and MRA structural and mechanical parameters analyzed by pressure myograph. Reduced butyrate fecal content was found in SHR, with no changes in propionate and acetate, as well as decreased mRNA levels of SCFAs-transporters (MCT1, MCT4, and SMCT1) in the intestinal epithelium. In addition, lower gene expression of SCFAs-sensing receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a, but not Olfr78) was identified in MRAs of SHR, which also shows inward eutrophic remodeling with stiffness. Butyrate content presented a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure and with the structural alterations found on MRAs, while a positive correlation between butyrate content and mechanical parameters was detected. Altogether the present study suggests that lower butyrate content due to ineffective SCFA bioavailability, associated with lower SCFAs-sensing receptors expression, could favor MRA remodeling, increasing peripheral vascular resistance and worsening hypertension prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Dardi
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Venturini Rossoni
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciana Venturini Rossoni,
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23
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Tilves C, Yeh HC, Maruthur N, Juraschek SP, Miller E, White K, Appel LJ, Mueller NT. Increases in Circulating and Fecal Butyrate are Associated With Reduced Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Results From the SPIRIT Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024763. [PMID: 35730613 PMCID: PMC9333372 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbially derived end products of dietary fiber fermentation. The SCFA butyrate reduces blood pressure (BP) in mouse models. The association of SCFAs, including butyrate, with BP in humans is unclear, due in part to predominantly cross-sectional analyses and different biospecimens (blood versus fecal) for SCFA measurement. Longitudinal studies including both circulating and fecal SCFAs are lacking. Methods and Results We leveraged existing data from the SPIRIT (Survivorship Promotion In Reducing IGF-1 Trial), which randomized 121 adult cancer survivors with overweight/obesity to a behavioral weight-loss intervention, metformin, or self-directed weight-loss. Of participants with baseline serum and fecal SCFAs measured (n=111), a subset had serum (n=93) and fecal (n=89) SCFA measurements 12 months later. We used Poisson regression with robust error variance to estimate baseline associations of SCFAs with hypertension, and we assessed the percent change in SCFAs from baseline with corresponding 12-month changes in BP using multiple linear regression. Baseline fecal butyrate was inversely associated with prevalent hypertension (standardized PR [95%CI]: 0.71 [0.54, 0.92]). A 10% increase in fecal butyrate from baseline was associated with decreased systolic BP (β [95%CI]: -0.56 [-1.01, -0.10] mm Hg), and a 10% increase in serum butyrate was associated with decreased systolic (β [95%CI]: -1.39 [-2.15, -0.63] mm Hg) and diastolic (β [95%CI]: -0.55 [-1.03, -0.08] mm Hg) BPs. Butyrate associations with systolic BP were linear and not modified by sex, race, or intervention arm. Conclusions Increased serum or fecal butyrate is associated with lowered BP. Butyrate may be a target for SCFA-centered BP-lowering interventions. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02431676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Tilves
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Hsin-Chieh Yeh
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Nisa Maruthur
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Stephen P Juraschek
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA
| | - Edgar Miller
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Karen White
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
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24
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Fobofou SA, Savidge T. Microbial metabolites: cause or consequence in gastrointestinal disease? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G535-G552. [PMID: 35271353 PMCID: PMC9054261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00008.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology studies have established that changes in gastrointestinal microbiome composition and function can adversely impact host physiology. Notable diseases synonymously associated with dysbiosis include inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and opportunistic and recurrent pathogen infections. However, there is a scarcity of mechanistic data that advances our understanding of taxonomic correlations with pathophysiological host-microbiome interactions. Generally, to survive a hostile gut environment, microbes are highly metabolically active and produce trans-kingdom signaling molecules to interact with competing microorganisms and the host. These specialized metabolites likely play important homeostatic roles, and identifying disease-specific taxa and their effector pathways can provide better strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, as well as the discovery of innovative therapeutics. The signaling role of microbial biotransformation products such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and dietary tryptophan is increasingly recognized, but little is known about the identity and function of metabolites that are synthesized by microbial biosynthetic gene clusters, including ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs), nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), polyketides (PKs), PK-NRP hybrids, and terpenes. Here we consider how bioactive natural products directly encoded by the human microbiome can contribute to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disease, cancer, autoimmune, antimicrobial-resistant bacterial and viral infections (including COVID-19). We also present strategies used to discover these compounds and the biological activities they exhibit, with consideration of therapeutic interventions that could emerge from understanding molecular causation in gut microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Alain Fobofou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tor Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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25
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Wang C, Deng H, Liu F, Yin Q, Xia L. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis: focus on immune cells. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13174. [PMID: 35474231 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) play important roles in multiple organ function, homeostasis and several diseases. More recently, increasing evidences have suggested that the compositional and functional alterations of GM play a crucial role in the accumulation of foam cells and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in atherosclerosis. In particular, the effects of bacterial components and metabolites on innate and adaptive immune cells have been explored as the underlying mechanisms. Understanding the effects of GM and metabolites on immunoregulation are important for clinical therapy for atherosclerosis. Herein, we summarize the potential role of the GM (such as bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and GM-derived metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide and bile acids) in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis. Based on that, we further discuss the anti-atherosclerotic effects of GM-directed dietary bioactive factors such as dietary fibers, dietary polyphenols and probiotics. Because of drug-induced adverse events in anti-inflammatory therapies, personalized dietary interventions would be potential therapies for atherosclerosis, and the interactions between GM-derived products and immune cells should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hualing Deng
- Operating room, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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26
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Hu D, Wu M, Chen G, Deng B, Yu H, Huang J, Luo Y, Li M, Zhao D, Liu J. Multiple techniques collectively reveal the attenuation of kidney injury by trimethylamine
N
‐oxide (TMAO) production manipulation. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4344-4359. [PMID: 35428974 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Da‐Yong Hu
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Ming‐Yu Wu
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Guang‐Qi Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Bing‐Qing Deng
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Hai‐Bo Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Jian Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Ying Luo
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Meng‐Yuan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Da‐Ke Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Jun‐Yan Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics Tongji University School of Medicine
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences Chongqing Medical University
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27
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Lim T, Lee K, Kim RH, Cha KH, Koo SY, Moon EC, Hwang KT. Black raspberry extract can lower serum LDL cholesterol via modulation of gut microbial composition and serum bile acid profile in rats fed trimethylamine-N-oxide with a high-fat diet. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1041-1051. [PMID: 35873380 PMCID: PMC9300784 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, BR) has been regarded to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate how BR extract affects serum lipid profile, gut microbial composition, metabolites in rats fed TMAO with a high-fat diet. Dietary TMAO increased serum LDL cholesterol, while BR extract decreased its level. α-Diversity of gut microbiota was not changed; however, in the rats fed TMAO, Macellibacteroides and Mucispirillum were enriched, while Ruminococcaceae was reduced. The BR supplementation could restore Macellibacteroides, Clostridium, and Ruminococcaceae. The BR supplementation increased cecal hippuric acid and serum farnesoid X receptor-antagonistic bile acids, including ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), tauro-α-muricholic acid, and tauro-UDCA. The BR supplementation tended to upregulate Cyp7a1 and Abcg5 expressions while downregulating Srebf2 and Hmgcr expressions. BR extract affects the gut bacterial community and microbial metabolites, lowering serum LDL cholesterol in rats with elevated serum TMAO. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01079-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Kiuk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Ryun Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 South Korea
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 South Korea
| | - Eun Chae Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
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28
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:13-30. [PMID: 35384898 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, in particular enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community as it carries the potential to improve risk-prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, though sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, i.e. the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation as well as the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate, because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD, as well as to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research, and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
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29
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Serum Metabolites Associated with Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040281. [PMID: 35448468 PMCID: PMC9027690 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is one of the most basic health screenings and it has a complex relationship with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Controlling blood pressure for CKD patients is crucial for curbing kidney function decline and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Two independent CKD cohorts, including matched controls (discovery n = 824; validation n = 552), were recruited. High-throughput metabolomics was conducted with the patients’ serum samples using mass spectrometry. After controlling for CKD severity and other clinical hypertension risk factors, we identified ten metabolites that have significant associations with blood pressure. The quantitative importance of these metabolites was verified in a fully connected neural network model. Of the ten metabolites, seven have not previously been associated with blood pressure. The metabolites that had the strongest positive association with blood pressure were aspartylglycosamine (p = 4.58 × 10−5), fructose-1,6-diphosphate (p = 1.19 × 10−4) and N-Acetylserine (p = 3.27 × 10−4). Three metabolites that were negatively associated with blood pressure (phosphocreatine, p = 6.39 × 10−3; dodecanedioic acid, p = 0.01; phosphate, p = 0.04) have been reported previously to have beneficial effects on hypertension. These results suggest that intake of metabolites as supplements may help to control blood pressure in CKD patients.
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30
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Xia Y, Kuda T, Nakamura S, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Detection of low-mineral- and high-salt responsible caecal indigenous bacteria in ICR mice. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:59. [PMID: 35186656 PMCID: PMC8818073 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Both deficiency and overdose of minerals and salts negatively affect health. Changes in the dietary composition have immediate effects on the gut microbiota. This study was performed to clarify the presence of indigenous gut bacteria responsible for minerals and/or salts (MS-RIB). ICR mice were fed a diet containing 3.5% (w/w) mineral mix (control), 1% mineral mix (LM), or 3.5% mineral mix and 4% NaCl (HS) for 14 days. The caecal microbiota was examined using 16S rRNA gene (V4) amplicon sequencing. Consumption of drinking water was 2.5-fold higher in the HS group than in the other groups. Body weight gain was 55% lower in the HS group than in the other groups. At the family level, the relative abundance of Eryspelotrichaceae and Clostridiaceae was lower in the HS group than in the other groups. In contrast, the abundance of Bacteroidaceae was higher in the HS group. At the operational taxonomic unit level, Desulfovibrionaceaer-, Turicibacter sanguinis-, belonging to Eryspelotrichaceae, and Clostridium disporicum-like bacteria were dominant in the control group. Among these bacteria, T. sanguinis- and C. disporicum-like bacteria were markedly suppressed by HS. In the LM group, Bacteroides acidifaciens-like bacteria were suppressed. Suppression of C. disporicum and Turicibacter following consumption of the HS diet was the most notable effect, contrasting the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xia
- grid.412785.d0000 0001 0695 6482Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Takashi Kuda
- grid.412785.d0000 0001 0695 6482Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Saori Nakamura
- grid.412785.d0000 0001 0695 6482Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Hajime Takahashi
- grid.412785.d0000 0001 0695 6482Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Bon Kimura
- grid.412785.d0000 0001 0695 6482Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
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31
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Wang J, Wu S, Cui J, Ding Z, Meng Q, Sun H, Li B, Teng J, Dong Y, Aschner M, Wu S, Li X, Chen R. The influences of ambient fine particulate matter constituents on plasma hormones, circulating TMAO levels and blood pressure: A panel study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118746. [PMID: 34968616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considerable investigations have been carried out to address the relationship between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension. However, few studies have explored the influence of PM2.5 and its constituents on Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an established risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in severely air-polluted areas. To explore the potential impact of PM2.5 constituents on BP, plasma hormones, and TMAO, a panel study was conducted to investigate changes in BP, plasma hormones, and TMAO in response to ambient air pollution exposure in stage 1 hypertensive young adults. Linear mixed effect models were used to estimate the cumulative effects of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and its constituents on BP, plasma hormones and TMAO. We found that one interquartile range (IQR) (35 μg/m3) increase in 0-1 day moving-average PM2.5 concentrations was statistically significantly associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with estimated values of 0.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03 to 0.23) mmHg, 0.18 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.28) mmHg, and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.26) mmHg, respectively. Hormone disturbance in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was also associated with PM2.5 exposure. Elevated TMAO levels with an IQR increase for 0-4, 0-5, 0-6 moving-average concentrations of PM2.5 were found, and the increased values ranged from 26.28 (95% CI: 2.92 to 49.64) to 60.78 (31.95-89.61) ng/ml. More importantly, the PM2.5-bound metal constituents, such as manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), and selenium (Se) showed robust associations with elevated BP and plasma TMAO levels. This study demonstrates associations between PM2.5 metal constituents and increased BP, changes in plasma hormones and TMAO, in stage 1 hypertensive young adults. Source control, aiming to reduce the emission of PM2.5-bound metals should be implemented to reduce the risk of hypertension and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shenshen Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jun Teng
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, PR China
| | - Yanping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
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Souders CL, Zubcevic J, Martyniuk CJ. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and the Gastrointestinal Epithelium: Implications for the Gut-Brain Axis and Hypertension. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:419-437. [PMID: 33594519 PMCID: PMC8364923 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The colonic epithelium is the site of production and transport of many vasoactive metabolites and neurotransmitters that can modulate the immune system, affect cellular metabolism, and subsequently regulate blood pressure. As an important interface between the microbiome and its host, the colon can contribute to the development of hypertension. In this critical review, we highlight the role of colonic inflammation and microbial metabolites on the gut brain axis in the pathology of hypertension, with special emphasis on the interaction between tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites. Here, we review the current literature and identify novel pathways in the colonic epithelium related to hypertension. A network analysis on transcriptome data previously generated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats reveals differences in several pathways associated with inflammation involving TNFα (NF-κB and STAT Expression Targets) as well as oxidative stress. We also identify down-regulation of networks associated with gastrointestinal function, cardiovascular function, enteric nervous system function, and cholinergic and adrenergic transmission. The analysis also uncovered transcriptome responses related to glycolysis, butyrate oxidation, and mitochondrial function, in addition to gut neuropeptides that serve as modulators of blood pressure and metabolic function. We present a model for the role of TNFα in regulating bacterial metabolite transport and neuropeptide signaling in the gastrointestinal system, highlighting the complexity of host-microbiota interactions in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO BOX 100274, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA,Corresponding authors contact information: Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida PO BOX 100274 GAINESVILLE FL 326100274 United States; and
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Li J, Wang L, Chen H, Yang Z, Chen S, Wang J, Zhou Y, Xuan R. The Diagnostic Potential of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Preeclampsia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:878924. [PMID: 35722486 PMCID: PMC9203731 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.878924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder leading to multiorgan dysfunction. It has high maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. The study of gut microbiota and its metabolites in PE deserves further exploration. Thirty-eight pregnant women with PE and 29 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of their pregnancy were recruited in this study. We used a targeted metabolomics approach to evaluate the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in serum samples. The correlation between SCFAs and clinical characteristics was also explored. The results of mass spectrometry (MS) showed significant differences at the metabolomics level of SCFAs between the PE and healthy control. The metabolic levels of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, and valerate were significantly increased in the PE group than in the healthy control group. In contrast, caproic acid and butyrate levels were significantly reduced. The correlation analysis showed that urea, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure levels were positively correlated with four types of SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and valeric acid) which increased in the PE group. Furthermore, the neutrophil percentage and the fetal birth weight were negatively correlated with isobutyric acid and valeric acid. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using a generalized linear model showed that multiple SCFAs would be potential diagnostic markers for PE, with high specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC). Among them, isobutyric acid (sensitivity: 97.4%, specificity: 100%, AUC = 1.00), propionic acid (sensitivity: 86.8%, specificity: 93.3%, AUC = 0.954) and acetic acid (sensitivity: 86.8%, specificity: 83.3%, AUC = 0.891) depicted significantly higher diagnostic value and potential clinical applications. In summary, the results of this study indicate that SCFAs have the potential to become effective biomarkers for early screening of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenglun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siqian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Wang Z, Wu F, Zhou Q, Qiu Y, Zhang J, Tu Q, Zhou Z, Shao Y, Xu S, Wang Y, Tao J. Berberine Improves Vascular Dysfunction by Inhibiting Trimethylamine-N-oxide via Regulating the Gut Microbiota in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertensive Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:814855. [PMID: 35350612 PMCID: PMC8957906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.814855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has been demonstrated to exert cardiovascular protective effects by regulating gut microbiota. However, few studies examine the effect of BBR on the gut microbiota in hypertension. This study aims to investigate the role of BBR in regulating microbial alterations and vascular function in hypertension. C57BL/6 J mice were infused with Ang II (0.8 mg/kg/day) via osmotic minipumps and treated with BBR (150 mg/kg/day) or choline (1%) for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was detected by tail-cuff measurement once a week. Abdominal aorta pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelium dependent vasodilatation were measured to evaluate vascular function. Vascular remodeling was assessed by histological staining of aortic tissue. The fecal microbiota was profiled using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Plasma trimethylamine (TMA)/trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and hepatic FMO3 expression were measured. We found that BBR treatment significantly alleviated the elevated blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, and pathological remodeling in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, while choline treatment aggravated hypertension-related vascular dysfunction. 16S rDNA gene sequencing results showed that BBR treatment altered gut microbiota composition (reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and increased the abundances of Lactobacillus). Moreover, BBR inhibited FMO3 expression and plasma TMA/TMAO production in hypertensive mice. TMAO treatment increased the apoptosis and oxidative stress of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and aggravated Ang II-induced HAECs dysfunction in vitro. These results indicate that the protective effect of BBR in hypertension might be attributed (at least partially) to the inhibition of TMAO production via regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianbing Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Qiu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Shao
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Xu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Shiyue Xu,
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Yan Wang,
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Tao,
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35
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Wu Y, Xu H, Tu X, Gao Z. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Gut Microbiota Origin in Hypertension. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:730809. [PMID: 34650536 PMCID: PMC8506212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.730809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and its development involves multiple mechanisms. Gut microbiota has been reported to be closely linked to hypertension. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-the metabolites of gut microbiota-participate in hypertension development through various pathways, including specific receptors, immune system, autonomic nervous system, metabolic regulation and gene transcription. This article reviews the possible mechanisms of SCFAs in regulating blood pressure and the prospects of SCFAs as a target to prevent and treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Hongqing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Zhenyan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
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36
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Baranwal G, Pilla R, Goodlett BL, Coleman AK, Arenaz CM, Jayaraman A, Rutkowski JM, Alaniz RC, Mitchell BM. Common Metabolites in Two Different Hypertensive Mouse Models: A Serum and Urine Metabolome Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1387. [PMID: 34572600 PMCID: PMC8467937 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent metabolomics studies have identified a wide array of microbial metabolites and metabolite pathways that are significantly altered in hypertension. However, whether these metabolites play an active role in pathogenesis of hypertension or are altered because of this has yet to be determined. In the current study, we hypothesized that metabolite changes common between hypertension models may unify hypertension's pathophysiology with respect to metabolites. We utilized two common mouse models of experimental hypertension: L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)/high-salt-diet-induced hypertension (LSHTN) and angiotensin II induced hypertension (AHTN). To identify common metabolites that were altered across both models, we performed untargeted global metabolomics analysis in serum and urine and the resulting data were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst software and compared to control mice. A total of 41 serum metabolites were identified as being significantly altered in any hypertensive model compared to the controls. Of these compounds, 14 were commonly changed in both hypertensive groups, with 4 significantly increased and 10 significantly decreased. In the urine, six metabolites were significantly altered in any hypertensive group with respect to the control; however, none of them were common between the hypertensive groups. These findings demonstrate that a modest, but potentially important, number of serum metabolites are commonly altered between experimental hypertension models. Further studies of the newly identified metabolites from this untargeted metabolomics analysis may lead to a greater understanding of the association between gut dysbiosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baranwal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Bethany L. Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Aja K. Coleman
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Cristina M. Arenaz
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (A.J.); (R.C.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Robert C. Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (A.J.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
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37
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Abaffy T, Matsunami H. 19-hydroxy Steroids in the Aromatase Reaction: Review on Expression and Potential Functions. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab050. [PMID: 34095690 PMCID: PMC8169043 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence related to the aromatase reaction in various biological processes spanning from mid-1960 to today is abundant; however, as our analytical sensitivity increases, a new look at the old chemical reaction is necessary. Here, we review an irreversible aromatase reaction from the substrate androstenedione. It proceeds in 3 consecutive steps. In the first 2 steps, 19-hydroxy steroids are produced. In the third step, estrone is produced. They can dissociate from the enzyme complex and either accumulate in tissues or enter the blood. In this review, we want to highlight the potential importance of these 19-hydroxy steroids in various physiological and pathological conditions. We focus primarily on 19-hydroxy steroids, and in particular on the 19-hydroxyandrostenedione produced by the incomplete aromatase reaction. Using a PubMed database and the search term “aromatase reaction,” 19-hydroxylation of androgens and steroid measurements, we detail the chemistry of the aromatase reaction and list previous and current methods used to measure 19-hydroxy steroids. We present evidence of the existence of 19-hydroxy steroids in brain tissue, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, prostate cancer, as well as during pregnancy and parturition and in Cushing’s disease. Based on the available literature, a potential involvement of 19-hydroxy steroids in the brain differentiation process, sperm motility, ovarian function, and hypertension is suggested and warrants future research. We hope that with the advancement of highly specific and sensitive analytical methods, future research into 19-hydroxy steroids will be encouraged, as much remains to be learned and discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Abaffy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hiroaki Matsunami
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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38
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Sieck GC. Physiology in Perspective: The New Normal-Life in a Pandemic. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:220-221. [PMID: 32490749 PMCID: PMC7276975 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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39
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He Q, Zou T, Chen J, He J, Jian L, Xie F, You J, Wang Z. Methyl-Donor Micronutrient for Gestating Sows: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome in Offspring Piglets. Front Nutr 2021; 8:675640. [PMID: 34164424 PMCID: PMC8215270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.675640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation during gestation on gut microbiota and the fecal metabolic profile in offspring piglets. Forty-three Duroc × Erhualian gilts were assigned to two dietary groups during gestation: control diet (CON) and CON diet supplemented with MET (folic acid, methionine, choline, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12). The body weights of offspring piglets were recorded at birth and weaning. Besides this, fresh fecal samples of offspring piglets were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days. The gut microbiota composition, metabolic profile, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in the fecal samples were determined using 16S rDNA sequencing, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics, and gas chromatography methods, respectively. The results showed that maternal methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation increased the microbiota diversity and uniformity in feces of offspring piglets as indicated by increased Shannon and Simpson indices at 7 days, and greater Simpson, ACE, Chao1 and observed species indices at 21 days. Specifically, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio were elevated by maternal treatment. At the genus level, the relative abundance of SCFA-producing Dialister, Megasphaera, and Turicibacter, and lactate-producing Sharpea as well as Akkermansia, Weissella, and Pediococcus were increased in the MET group. The metabolic analyses show that maternal methyl-donor micronutrient addition increased the concentrations of individual and total SCFAs of 21-day piglets and increased metabolism mainly involving amino acids, pyrimidine, and purine biosynthesis. Collectively, maternal methyl-donor micronutrient addition altered gut microbiota and the fecal metabolic profile, resulting in an improved weaning weight of offspring piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiande Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Jian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinming You
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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40
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Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide Is Associated with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Type-2 Diabetes: Results from a Dutch Diabetes Cohort (ZODIAC-59). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112269. [PMID: 34073908 PMCID: PMC8197378 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a novel cardiovascular (CV) disease and mortality risk marker, is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite as well. Recently, plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been reported to be affected by microbiota. The association of plasma TMAO with CV mortality in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and its determinants are still incompletely described. We evaluated the association between plasma BCAA and TMAO, and the association of TMAO with CV mortality in T2D individuals. We used data of 595 participants (mean age 69.5 years) from the Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) cohort were analyzed. Plasma TMAO and BCAA were measured with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CV mortality risk was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Cross-sectionally, TMAO was independently associated with BCAA standardized (Std) β = 0.18 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.09; 0.27), p <0.001. During a median follow-up of 10 years, 113 CV deaths were recorded. In Cox regression analyses, adjusted for multiple clinical and laboratory variables including BCAA, TMAO was independently associated with CV mortality: adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR) 1.93 (95% CI 1.11; 3.34), p = 0.02 (for the highest vs. the lowest tertile of the TMAO distribution). The same was true for analyses with TMAO as continuous variable: adjHR 1.32 (95% CI 1.07; 1.63), p = 0.01 (per 1 SD increase). In contrast, BCAAs were not associated with increased CV mortality. In conclusion, higher plasma TMAO but not BCAA concentrations are associated with an increased risk of CV mortality in individuals with T2D, independent of clinical and biochemical risk markers.
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Constable PD, Trefz FM, Sen I, Berchtold J, Nouri M, Smith G, Grünberg W. Intravenous and Oral Fluid Therapy in Neonatal Calves With Diarrhea or Sepsis and in Adult Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:603358. [PMID: 33585594 PMCID: PMC7873366 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.603358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal fluid therapy protocols in neonatal calves and adult cattle are based on consideration of signalment, history, and physical examination findings, and individually tailored whenever laboratory analysis is available. Measurement of the magnitude of eye recession, duration of skin tenting in the lateral neck region, and urine specific gravity by refractometry provide the best estimates of hydration status in calves and cattle. Intravenous and oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are frequently administered to critically ill calves and adult cattle. Application of physicochemical principles indicates that 0.9% NaCl, Ringer's solution, and 5% dextrose are equally acidifying, lactated Ringer's and acetated Ringer's solution are neutral to mildly acidifying, and 1.3-1.4% sodium bicarbonate solutions are strongly alkalinizing in cattle. Four different crystalloid solutions are recommended for intravenous fluid therapy in dehydrated or septic calves and dehydrated adult cattle: (1) lactated Ringer's solution and acetated Ringer's solution for dehydrated calves, although neither solution is optimized for administration to neonatal calves or adult cattle; (2) isotonic (1.3%) or hypertonic (5.0 or 8.4%) solutions of sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of calves with diarrhea and severe strong ion (metabolic) acidosis and hyponatremia, and adult cattle with acute ruminal acidosis; (3) Ringer's solution for the treatment of metabolic alkalosis in dehydrated adult cattle, particularly lactating dairy cattle; and (4) hypertonic NaCl solutions (7.2%) and an oral electrolyte solution or water load for the rapid resuscitation of dehydrated neonatal calves and adult cattle. Much progress has been made since the 1970's in identifying important attributes of an OES for diarrheic calves. Important components of an OES for neonatal calves are osmolality, sodium concentration, the effective SID that reflects the concentration of alkalinizing agents, and the energy content. The last three factors are intimately tied to the OES osmolality and the abomasal emptying rate, and therefore the rate of sodium delivery to the small intestine and ultimately the rate of resuscitation. An important need in fluid and electrolyte therapy for adult ruminants is formulation of a practical, effective, and inexpensive OES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Constable
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Florian M. Trefz
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ismail Sen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Joachim Berchtold
- Tierärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr. Berchtold & Dr. Taschke, Pittenhart, Germany
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Geoffrey Smith
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Walter Grünberg
- Foundation, Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Hopper CP, De La Cruz LK, Lyles KV, Wareham LK, Gilbert JA, Eichenbaum Z, Magierowski M, Poole RK, Wollborn J, Wang B. Role of Carbon Monoxide in Host-Gut Microbiome Communication. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13273-13311. [PMID: 33089988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nature is full of examples of symbiotic relationships. The critical symbiotic relation between host and mutualistic bacteria is attracting increasing attention to the degree that the gut microbiome is proposed by some as a new organ system. The microbiome exerts its systemic effect through a diverse range of metabolites, which include gaseous molecules such as H2, CO2, NH3, CH4, NO, H2S, and CO. In turn, the human host can influence the microbiome through these gaseous molecules as well in a reciprocal manner. Among these gaseous molecules, NO, H2S, and CO occupy a special place because of their widely known physiological functions in the host and their overlap and similarity in both targets and functions. The roles that NO and H2S play have been extensively examined by others. Herein, the roles of CO in host-gut microbiome communication are examined through a discussion of (1) host production and function of CO, (2) available CO donors as research tools, (3) CO production from diet and bacterial sources, (4) effect of CO on bacteria including CO sensing, and (5) gut microbiome production of CO. There is a large amount of literature suggesting the "messenger" role of CO in host-gut microbiome communication. However, much more work is needed to begin achieving a systematic understanding of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Hopper
- Institute for Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria DE 97080, Germany.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kristin V Lyles
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lauren K Wareham
- The Vanderbilt Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zehava Eichenbaum
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Cellular Engineering and Isotope Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow PL 31-531, Poland
| | - Robert K Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg DE 79085, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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