1
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Zhang F, Lin JJ, Tian HN, Wang J. Effect of exercise on improving myocardial mitochondrial function in decreasing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:190-201. [PMID: 37845840 PMCID: PMC10988701 DOI: 10.1113/ep091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant cause of heart failure in patients with diabetes, and its pathogenesis is closely related to myocardial mitochondrial injury and functional disability. Studies have shown that the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy is related to disorders in mitochondrial metabolic substrates, changes in mitochondrial dynamics, an imbalance in mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation, defects in the regulation of microRNAs, and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Physical activity may play a role in resistance to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis, the level of autophagy and dynamic changes in fusion and division; enhancing the ability to cope with oxidative stress; and optimising the metabolic substrates of the myocardium. This paper puts forward a new idea for further understanding the specific mitochondrial mechanism of the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and clarifying the role of exercise-mediated myocardial mitochondrial changes in the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for exercise to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Sports Physiology DepartmentBeijing Sport UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jian jian Lin
- PE Teaching and Research OfficeUniversity of International RelationshipBeijingChina
| | - Hao nan Tian
- Sports Physiology DepartmentBeijing Sport UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Sports Physiology DepartmentBeijing Sport UniversityBeijingChina
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2
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Aryee E, Ozkan B, Ndumele CE. Heart failure and obesity: The latest pandemic. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023:S0033-0620(23)00051-8. [PMID: 37236574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The marked rise in rates of obesity, which is most prominent among individuals from socio-economically disadvantaged circumstances, has been a powerful contributor to the rising prevalence of heart failure (HF). Obesity has indirect effects on HF through the development of several metabolic risk factors, but also direct adverse effects on the myocardium. Obesity contributes to myocardial dysfunction and HF risk through multiple mechanisms, including hemodynamic changes, neurohormonal activation, endocrine and paracrine effects of adipose tissue, ectopic fat deposition and lipotoxicity. These processes principally result in concentric left ventricular (LV) remodeling and predominant increase in the risk for HF with preserved LV ejection fraction (HFpEF). Despite the excess risk for HF associated with obesity, there is a well described obesity paradox in which individuals with overweight and grade I obesity have better survival than those with normal weight and overweight. Despite the obesity paradox among individuals with prevalent HF, intentional weight loss is associated with improvements in metabolic risk factors, myocardial dysfunction and quality of life, in a dose-response fashion. In matched observational studies of bariatric surgery patients, marked weight loss is associated with decreased risk for developing HF, as well as improved cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in those with existing HF. Ongoing clinical trials using powerful new obesity pharmacotherapies in individuals in with obesity and CVD may provide definitive information regarding the cardiovascular impact of weight loss. Given the powerful contribution of rising obesity prevalence to rates of HF, addressing these intertwined epidemics is a clinical and public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Aryee
- Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Bige Ozkan
- Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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3
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Xia W, Li X, Wu Q, Xu A, Zhang L, Xia Z. The importance of caveolin as a target in the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951381. [PMID: 36405687 PMCID: PMC9666770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The diabetic population has been increasing in the past decades and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a pathology that is defined by the presence of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction without conventional cardiac risk factors such as hypertension and coronary heart diseases, would eventually lead to fatal heart failure in the absence of effective treatment. Impaired insulin signaling, commonly known as insulin resistance, plays an important role in the development of DCM. A family of integral membrane proteins named caveolins (mainly caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 in the myocardium) and a protein hormone adiponectin (APN) have all been shown to be important for maintaining normal insulin signaling. Abnormalities in caveolins and APN have respectively been demonstrated to cause DCM. This review aims to summarize recent research findings of the roles and mechanisms of caveolins and APN in the development of DCM, and also explore the possible interplay between caveolins and APN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Zhao X, Liu S, Wang X, Chen Y, Pang P, Yang Q, Lin J, Deng S, Wu S, Fan G, Wang B. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Clinical phenotype and practice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032268. [PMID: 36568097 PMCID: PMC9767955 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition of cardiac structure and function changes in diabetic patients without coronary artery disease, hypertension, and other types of heart diseases. DCM is not uncommon in people with diabetes, which increases the risk of heart failure. However, the treatment is scarce, and the prognosis is poor. Since 1972, one clinical study after another on DCM has been conducted. However, the complex phenotype of DCM still has not been fully revealed. This dilemma hinders the pace of understanding the essence of DCM and makes it difficult to carry out penetrating clinical or basic research. This review summarizes the literature on DCM over the last 40 years and discusses the overall perspective of DCM, phase of progression, potential clinical indicators, diagnostic and screening criteria, and related randomized controlled trials to understand DCM better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Pai Pang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianjing Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaishuai Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Shentao Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
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5
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Zheng H, Zhu H, Liu X, Huang X, Huang A, Huang Y. Mitophagy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Roles and Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750382. [PMID: 34646830 PMCID: PMC8503602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms, including myocardial insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, are involved in the development of DCM. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction makes a substantial contribution to the development of DCM. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that takes place in dysfunctional mitochondria, and it plays a key role in mitochondrial quality control. Although the precise molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in DCM have yet to be fully clarified, recent findings imply that mitophagy improves cardiac function in the diabetic heart. However, excessive mitophagy may exacerbate myocardial damage in patients with DCM. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of mitochondrial quality control and the dual roles of mitophagy in DCM. We also propose that a balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular metabolism in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Hailan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Anqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, China.,The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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6
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Salvatore T, Pafundi PC, Galiero R, Albanese G, Di Martino A, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Rinaldi L, Sasso FC. The Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Contributing Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:695792. [PMID: 34277669 PMCID: PMC8279779 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.695792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) disclose a higher incidence and a poorer prognosis of heart failure (HF) than non-diabetic people, even in the absence of other HF risk factors. The adverse impact of diabetes on HF likely reflects an underlying “diabetic cardiomyopathy” (DM–CMP), which may by exacerbated by left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery disease (CAD). The pathogenesis of DM-CMP has been a hot topic of research since its first description and is still under active investigation, as a complex interplay among multiple mechanisms may play a role at systemic, myocardial, and cellular/molecular levels. Among these, metabolic abnormalities such as lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal calcium signaling, inflammation, epigenetic factors, and others. These disturbances predispose the diabetic heart to extracellular remodeling and hypertrophy, thus leading to left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction. This Review aims to outline the major pathophysiological changes and the underlying mechanisms leading to myocardial remodeling and cardiac functional derangement in DM-CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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7
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Su Z, Liu Y, Zhang H. Adaptive Cardiac Metabolism Under Chronic Hypoxia: Mechanism and Clinical Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625524. [PMID: 33604337 PMCID: PMC7884626 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is an essential component in many cardiac diseases. The heart consumes a substantial amount of energy and it is important to maintain the balance of energy supply and demand when oxygen is limited. Previous studies showed that the heart switches from fatty acid to glucose to maintain metabolic efficiency in the adaptation to chronic hypoxia. However, the underlying mechanism of this adaptive cardiac metabolism remains to be fully characterized. Moreover, how the altered cardiac metabolism affects the heart function in patients with chronic hypoxia has not been discussed in the current literature. In this review, we summarized new findings from animal and human studies to illustrate the mechanism underlying the adaptive cardiac metabolism under chronic hypoxia. Clinical focus is given to certain patients that are subject to the impact of chronic hypoxia, and potential treatment strategies that modulate cardiac metabolism and may improve the heart function in these patients are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Heart center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Heart center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Kobayashi S, Zhao F, Zhang Z, Kobayashi T, Huang Y, Shi B, Wu W, Liang Q. Mitochondrial Fission and Mitophagy Coordinately Restrict High Glucose Toxicity in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:604069. [PMID: 33362579 PMCID: PMC7758327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.604069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Injured mitochondrial segments are separated by mitochondrial fission and eliminated by autophagic sequestration and subsequent degradation in the lysosome, a process termed mitophagy. However, it remains poorly understood how high glucose affects the activities of, and the relationship between, mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we determined the functional roles of mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte injury. High glucose (30 mM, HG) reduced mitochondrial connectivity and particle size and increased mitochondrial number in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, suggesting an enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation. SiRNA knockdown of the pro-fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) restored mitochondrial size but did not affect HG toxicity, and Mdivi-1, a DRP1 inhibitor, even increased HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury, as shown by superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death. However, DRP1 overexpression triggered mitochondrial fragmentation and mitigated HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury, suggesting that the increased mitochondrial fission is beneficial, rather than detrimental, to cardiomyocytes cultured under HG conditions. This is in contrast to the prevailing hypothesis that mitochondrial fragmentation mediates or contributes to HG cardiotoxicity. Meanwhile, HG reduced mitophagy flux as determined by the difference in the levels of mitochondria-associated LC3-II or the numbers of mitophagy foci indicated by the novel dual fluorescent reporter mt-Rosella in the absence and presence of the lysosomal inhibitors. The ability of HG to induce mitochondrial fragmentation and inhibit mitophagy was reproduced in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Parkin, a positive regulator of mitophagy, or treatment with CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler, induced mitophagy and attenuated HG-induced cardiomyocyte death, while Parkin knockdown had opposite effects, suggesting an essential role of mitophagy in cardiomyocyte survival under HG conditions. Strikingly, Parkin overexpression increased mitochondrial fragmentation, while DRP1 overexpression accelerated mitophagy flux, demonstrating a reciprocal activation loop that controls mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Thus, strategies that promote the mutual positive interaction between mitochondrial fission and mitophagy while simultaneously maintain their levels within the physiological range would be expected to improve mitochondrial health, alleviating hyperglycemic cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tamayo Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
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9
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Anand CR, Bhavya B, Jayakumar K, Harikrishnan VS, Gopala S. Inorganic nitrite alters mitochondrial dynamics without overt changes in cell death and mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyoblasts under hyperglycemia. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105048. [PMID: 33161133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrate or nitrite supplementation has been reported to demonstrate positive outcomes in rodent models of obesity and diabetes as well as in type 2 diabetic humans and even included in clinical trials pertaining to cardiovascular diseases in the recent decade. However, there are contrasting data regarding the useful and toxic effects of the anions. The primary scope of this study was to analyze the beneficial/detrimental alterations in redox status, mitochondrial dynamics and function, and cellular fitness in cardiomyoblasts inflicted by nitrite under hyperglycemic conditions compared with normoglycemia. Nitrite supplementation in H9c2 myoblasts under high glucose diminishes the Bcl-xL expression and mitochondrial ROS levels without significant initiation of cell death or decline in total ROS levels. Concomitantly, there are tendencies towards lowering of mitochondrial membrane potential, but without noteworthy changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. The study also revealed that under high glucose stress, nitrite may alter mitochondrial dynamics by Drp1 activation possibly via Akt1-Pim1 axis. Moreover, the study revealed differential effects of Drp1 silencing and/or nitrite under the above glycemic conditions. Overall, the study warrants more research regarding the effects of nitrite therapy in cardiac cells exposed to hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Bharathan Bhavya
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - K Jayakumar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
| | - V S Harikrishnan
- Division of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
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10
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Siraj MA, Mundil D, Beca S, Momen A, Shikatani EA, Afroze T, Sun X, Liu Y, Ghaffari S, Lee W, Wheeler MB, Keller G, Backx P, Husain M. Cardioprotective GLP-1 metabolite prevents ischemic cardiac injury by inhibiting mitochondrial trifunctional protein-α. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1392-1404. [PMID: 31985487 DOI: 10.1172/jci99934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms mediating the cardioprotective actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were unknown. Here, we show in both ex vivo and in vivo models of ischemic injury that treatment with GLP-1(28-36), a neutral endopeptidase-generated (NEP-generated) metabolite of GLP-1, was as cardioprotective as GLP-1 and was abolished by scrambling its amino acid sequence. GLP-1(28-36) enters human coronary artery endothelial cells (caECs) through macropinocytosis and acts directly on mouse and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (caSMCs) and caECs, resulting in soluble adenylyl cyclase Adcy10-dependent (sAC-dependent) increases in cAMP, activation of protein kinase A, and cytoprotection from oxidative injury. GLP-1(28-36) modulates sAC by increasing intracellular ATP levels, with accompanying cAMP accumulation lost in sAC-/- cells. We identify mitochondrial trifunctional protein-α (MTPα) as a binding partner of GLP-1(28-36) and demonstrate that the ability of GLP-1(28-36) to shift substrate utilization from oxygen-consuming fatty acid metabolism toward oxygen-sparing glycolysis and glucose oxidation and to increase cAMP levels is dependent on MTPα. NEP inhibition with sacubitril blunted the ability of GLP-1 to increase cAMP levels in coronary vascular cells in vitro. GLP-1(28-36) is a small peptide that targets novel molecular (MTPα and sAC) and cellular (caSMC and caEC) mechanisms in myocardial ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan Siraj
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dhanwantee Mundil
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanja Beca
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Abdul Momen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A Shikatani
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Talat Afroze
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuetao Sun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Lee
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and
| | - Peter Backx
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, and.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Cardioprotective Natural Compound Pinocembrin Attenuates Acute Ischemic Myocardial Injury via Enhancing Glycolysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4850328. [PMID: 33178386 PMCID: PMC7644300 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4850328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Emerging evidence has shown that pinocembrin protects the myocardium from ischemic injury in animals. However, it is unknown whether it has cardioprotection when given at the onset of reperfusion. Also, mechanisms mediating the cardioprotective actions of pinocembrin were largely unknown. Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the effects of pinocembrin postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The in vivo mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, ex vivo isolated rat heart with global I/R, and in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model for primary cardiomyocytes were used. Results We found that pinocembrin postconditioning significantly reduced the infarct size and improved cardiac contractile function after acute myocardial I/R. Mechanically, in primary cardiomyocytes, we found that pinocembrin may confer protection in part via direct stimulation of cardiac glycolysis via promoting the expression of the glycolytic enzyme, PFKFB3. Besides, PFKFB3 inhibition abolished pinocembrin-induced glycolysis and protection in cardiomyocytes. More importantly, PFKFB3 knockdown via cardiotropic adeno-associated virus (AAV) abrogated cardioprotective effects of pinocembrin. Moreover, we demonstrated that HIF1α is a key transcription factor driving pinocembrin-induced PFKFB3 expression in cardiomyocytes. Conclusions In conclusion, these results established that the acute cardioprotective benefits of pinocembrin are mediated in part via enhancing PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis via HIF1α, which may provide a new therapeutic target to impede the progression of myocardial I/R injury.
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12
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Kaur N, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Cellular Protein Quality Control in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:585309. [PMID: 33195472 PMCID: PMC7593653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.585309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious comorbidity and the most common cause of mortality in diabetes patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) features impaired cellular structure and function, culminating in heart failure; however, there is a dearth of specific clinical therapy for treating DCM. Protein homeostasis is pivotal for the maintenance of cellular viability under physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in the irreplaceable cardiomyocytes; therefore, it is tightly regulated by a protein quality control (PQC) system. Three evolutionarily conserved molecular processes, the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy, enhance protein turnover and preserve protein homeostasis by suppressing protein translation, degrading misfolded or unfolded proteins in cytosol or organelles, disposing of damaged and toxic proteins, recycling essential amino acids, and eliminating insoluble protein aggregates. In response to increased cellular protein demand under pathological insults, including the diabetic condition, a coordinated PQC system retains cardiac protein homeostasis and heart performance, on the contrary, inappropriate PQC function exaggerates cardiac proteotoxicity with subsequent heart dysfunction. Further investigation of the PQC mechanisms in diabetes propels a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DCM and opens new prospective treatment strategies for heart disease and heart failure in diabetes patients. In this review, the function and regulation of cardiac PQC machinery in diabetes mellitus, and the therapeutic potential for the diabetic heart are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rida Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Velasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Belosludtsev KN, Belosludtseva NV, Dubinin MV. Diabetes Mellitus, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca 2+-Dependent Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186559. [PMID: 32911736 PMCID: PMC7555889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the developed world, and is associated either with the impaired secretion of insulin or with the resistance of cells to the actions of this hormone (type I and type II diabetes, respectively). In both cases, a common pathological change is an increase in blood glucose—hyperglycemia, which eventually can lead to serious damage to the organs and tissues of the organism. Mitochondria are one of the main targets of diabetes at the intracellular level. This review is dedicated to the analysis of recent data regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus. Specific areas of focus include the involvement of mitochondrial calcium transport systems and a pathophysiological phenomenon called the permeability transition pore in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The important contribution of these systems and their potential relevance as therapeutic targets in the pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-929-913-8910
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
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Kobayashi S, Patel J, Zhao F, Huang Y, Kobayashi T, Liang Q. Novel Dual-Fluorescent Mitophagy Reporter Reveals a Reduced Mitophagy Flux in Type 1 Diabetic Mouse Heart. J Osteopath Med 2020; 120:446-455. [PMID: 32598458 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2020.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with diabetes are susceptible to heart failure. Defective mitochondria can cause cardiac damage. Mitochondrial autophagy or mitophagy is a quality control mechanism that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria through lysosome degradation. Mitophagy is essential for maintaining a pool of healthy mitochondria for normal cardiac function. However, the effect of diabetes on the functional status of cardiac mitophagy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine and compare cardiac mitophagy flux between diabetic and nondiabetic mice. METHODS Using a novel dual fluorescent mitophagy reporter termed mt-Rosella, we labeled and traced mitochondrial fragments that are sequestered by the autophagosome and delivered to and degraded in the lysosome. RESULTS Mitophagic activity was reduced in high-glucose-treated cardiomyocytes and in the heart tissue of type 1 diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Mitophagy was impaired in the heart of diabetic mice, suggesting that restoring or accelerating mitophagy flux may be a useful strategy to reduce cardiac injury caused by diabetes.
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Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Mitochondrial Mechanisms in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:33-53. [PMID: 32097997 PMCID: PMC7043970 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine is increasingly discussed as a promising therapeutic approach, given that mitochondrial defects are thought to contribute to many prevalent diseases and their complications. In individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), defects in mitochondrial structure and function occur in many organs throughout the body, contributing both to the pathogenesis of DM and complications of DM. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of increased heart failure in DM, and several mitochondrial mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. Well established mechanisms include myocardial energy depletion due to impaired adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and mitochondrial uncoupling, and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. A variety of upstream mechanisms of impaired ATP regeneration and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species have been proposed, and recent studies now also suggest alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy, impaired mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake, decreased cardiac adiponectin action, increased O-GlcNAcylation, and impaired activity of sirtuins to contribute to mitochondrial defects in DbCM, among others. In the current review, we present and discuss the evidence that underlies both established and recently proposed mechanisms that are thought to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gollmer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Paulus WJ, Dal Canto E. Distinct Myocardial Targets for Diabetes Therapy in Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2019; 6:1-7. [PMID: 29284577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Noncardiac comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) have different outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). These different outcomes are the result of distinct myocardial effects of DM on HFpEF and HFrEF, which relate to different mechanisms driving myocardial remodeling in each heart failure phenotype. Myocardial remodeling is driven by microvascular endothelial inflammation in HFpEF and by cardiomyocyte cell death in HFrEF. Evidence consists of: different biomarker profiles, in which inflammatory markers are prominent in HFpEF and markers of myocardial injury or wall stress are prominent in HFrEF; reduced coronary flow reserve with microvascular rarefaction in HFpEF; and upregulation of free radical-producing enzymes in endothelial cells in HFpEF and in cardiomyocytes in HFrEF. As biopsies from patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy reveal, DM affects failing myocardium by phenotype-specific mechanisms. In HFpEF, DM mainly increases cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and stiffness, probably because of hyperinsulinemia and microvascular endothelial inflammation. In HFrEF, DM augments replacement fibrosis because of cardiomyocyte cell death induced by lipotoxicity or advanced glycation end products. Because DM exerts distinct effects on myocardial remodeling in HFpEF and HFrEF, the heart failure phenotype is important for DM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Paulus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisa Dal Canto
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Hori E, Yoshida S, Fuchigami T, Haratake M, Nakayama M. Cardiac myoglobin participates in the metabolic pathway of selenium in rats. Metallomics 2019; 10:614-622. [PMID: 29578234 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00011e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, selenium deficiency is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. The heart is continuously beating to deliver blood to the entire body, and this requires a high amount of energy. An adult heart normally obtains 50-70% of its adenosine 5'-triphosphate from fatty acid β-oxidation. An increase in fatty acid oxidation activity induces the generation of larger amounts of by-products (reactive oxygen species, ROS) from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases play a critical role in the removal of these ROS, especially organic hydroperoxides, from the heart. The definitive transport and/or detailed metabolic pathways from the selenium-source compounds to the selenoproteins in the heart still remain unclear. We explored the selenium-binding proteins in a rat cardiac cell lysate using its reactive metabolic intermediate, selenotrisulfide (STS), and MALDI TOF-mass spectrometry. Several proteins with a free cysteine (Cys) thiol were found to be reactive with STS through a thiol-exchange reaction. The most distinctive Cys-containing protein in the cardiac cell lysate was identified as myoglobin (Mb) from a rat protein database search and tryptic fragmentation experiments. When separately examined in selenium adequate rats, selenium-binding to the cardiac Mb was verified using selenium-specific fluorometry. Cardiac Mb is thought to participate in the selenium metabolic pathway in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Hori
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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Kocabaş U, Yılmaz Ö, Kurtoğlu V. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: acute and reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to cardiotoxicity of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state-a case report†. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2019; 3:5479977. [PMID: 31449603 PMCID: PMC6601186 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is defined as a ventricular diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction, which is directly related to diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of coronary artery disease, valvular, congenital or hypertensive heart disease, and alcoholism. In this report, we present an unusual case of a patient with DC and reversible, acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to cardiotoxicity of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS). Case summary A 20-year-old male patient presented with weakness and polyuria. Physical examination and electrocardiogram were normal. Laboratory results and arterial blood gas analysis were consistent with HHS. Baseline echocardiography showed global left ventricular hypokinesis with an ejection fraction (EF) of 36%. The patient’s clinical condition improved after blood glucose level normalization and echocardiography revealed progressive improvement in the left ventricular systolic function with an EF of 54% at the 5-day follow-up and an EF of 69% at the 15-day follow-up. Discussion Uncontrolled DM and hyperglycaemic crisis may result in cardiotoxicity, acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and DC. The pathophysiological mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. Blood glucose control is the most important strategy for the prevention of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Kocabaş
- Department of Cardiology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yılmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Volkan Kurtoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
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Kobalava ZD, Yeshniyazov NV, Medovchshikov VV, Khasanova ER. [Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: Innovative Possibilities for Management of Prognosis]. KARDIOLOGIYA 2019; 59:76-87. [PMID: 31002044 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.4.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has gone beyond the professional interests of one specialty. T2DM, cardiovascular (CV) diseases and chronic kidney disease, considered from the standpoint of a single cardio-reno-metabolic continuum, place a heavy economic burden on society. At the same time, the improvement of diagnostic methods and medical technologies led to distinct decrease in the frequency and mortality from a number of complications of T2DM, including myocardial infarction and stroke, but other states took their place. Thus, heart failure (HF) has taken the position of one of the most frequent complications with average prevalence of 24-40 % and significant predominance of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). According to this paradigm, HFpEF is not a disease of diastolic dysfunction, but a systemic disease, the central element of which is impaired renal function. All this together has a potential value for choosing the optimal therapy. In recent years the results of specially designed studies assessing the CV-safety of antidiabetic drugs from the groups of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, glucagon-like preptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium - glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have become known. These drugs, except for SGLT2 inhibitors, by their mechanism of action affecting insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, demonstrated neutral or negative result on the frequency of hospitalizations due to HF. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME study with SGLT2, which has a special insulin-independent mechanism of action, demonstrated not only the efficacy and CV-safety of the drug in the form of a decrease in CV mortality by 38 %, but also a decrease in hospitalizations for HF by 35 %. Further studies with SGLT2 inhibitors confirmed positive effect on HF, indicating a class effect of the drugs. The recently completed study DECLARE-TIMI 58 proved the advantages of using dapagliflozin for the primary and secondary prevention of HF. This review highlights the prevalence of HF in diabetes mellitus, a new concept of the pathophysiology of HF, the main groups of sugar-lowering drugs and their effect on CV outcomes, in particular on HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zh D Kobalava
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Vinogradov City Hospital, Moscow
| | | | | | - E R Khasanova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
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20
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Nielsen R, Jorsal A, Iversen P, Tolbod LP, Bouchelouche K, Sørensen J, Harms HJ, Flyvbjerg A, Tarnow L, Kistorp C, Gustafsson I, Bøtker HE, Wiggers H. Effect of liraglutide on myocardial glucose uptake and blood flow in stable chronic heart failure patients: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled LIVE sub-study. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:585-597. [PMID: 28770459 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide increases heart rate and may be associated with more cardiac events in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. We studied whether this could be ascribed to effects on myocardial glucose uptake (MGU), myocardial blood flow (MBF) and MBF reserve (MFR). METHODS AND RESULTS CHF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% and without type 2 diabetes were randomized to liraglutide (N = 18) 1.8 mg once daily or placebo (N = 18) for 24 weeks in a double-blinded design. Changes in MGU during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and changes in MBF and MFR from baseline to follow-up were measured quantitatively by 18F-FDG and 15O-H2O positron emission tomography. Compared with placebo, liraglutide reduced weight (P = 0.03), HbA1c (P = 0.03) and the 2-hour glucose value during the OGTT (P = 0.004). Despite this, changes in MGU (P = 0.98), MBF (P = 0.76) and MFR (P = 0.89) from baseline to follow-up did not differ between groups. Furthermore, there was no association between the level of insulin resistance at baseline and changes in MGU in patients treated with liraglutide. CONCLUSION Liraglutide did not affect MGU, MBF, or MFR in non-diabetic CHF patients. Any potential increase in cardiac events in these patients seems not to involve changes in MGU, MBF, or MFR. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registry: http://www.ClinicalTrials.org . Identifier: NCT01472640. Url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01472640?term=NCT01472640&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Anders Jorsal
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Poulsen Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Bouchelouche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Sørensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Johannes Harms
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Caroline Kistorp
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wiggers
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Quinaglia T, Oliveira DC, Matos-Souza JR, Sposito AC. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: factual or factoid? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:61-69. [PMID: 30758422 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although long ago described, there is no established consensus regarding the real existence of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (CMPDM). Due to its complex pathophysiology, it has been difficult for clinical and experimental research to establish clear connections between diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF), as well as to solve the mechanisms of the underlying myocardial disease. However, the epidemiological evidence of the relationship of these conditions is undisputed. The interest in understanding this disease has intensified due to the recent results of clinical trials evaluating new glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors 2, which demonstrated favorable responses considering the prevention and treatment of HF in patients with DM. In this review we cover aspects of the epidemiology of CMPDM and its possible pathogenic mechanisms, as well as, present the main cardiac phenotypes of CMPDM (HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction) and implications of the therapeutic management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Quinaglia
- Subject of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela C Oliveira
- Subject of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - José Roberto Matos-Souza
- Subject of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Subject of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Jarmuszkiewicz W, Szewczyk A. Energy-dissipating hub in muscle mitochondria: Potassium channels and uncoupling proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes and it is closely associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. The incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes is related to high levels of glycemia, expressed by increase of HbA1c levels. However, there is little evidence to indicate that glycemic control can reduce the incidence of HF events in this population. Recently, several new antidiabetic drugs have been proposed although the exact clinical impact on heart failure occurrence and deterioration is under debate. Most common oral antidiabetic medication such as SGLT2, GLP-1 receptor agonist, metformin, and DPP4 inhibitor revealed peculiar metabolic and biomolecular signal effects. Moreover, the negative effects of thiazolidinediones on HF prognosis, on cardiac function, and exercise tolerance is of great interest. Conversely, several studies on GLP-1RA have highlighted many positive effects on cardiac myocytes, reducing apoptosis through cAMP/PKA/CRCB-mediated pathways protecting against oxidative stress. DPP-4 inhibitors have a controversial effect: saxagliptin and alogliptin may increase the risk of HF as opposed to vildagliptin and sitagliptin. Metformin increases myocardial ATP levels due to activation of 5-AMPK and this could explain the positive link between the drug and events rate reduction in diabetic patients with HF. The more interesting class of new drugs is SGLT2 inhibitors, that seems to have a positive effect on cardiac function by 38% reduction of HF incidence and mortality with empagliflozin treatment. In this review, we would analyze the specific effects of each class so as to better elucidate the clinical impact of antidiabetic drug on HF for guiding the clinicians in the choice of a best individualized therapy.
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Riehle C, Bauersachs J. Of mice and men: models and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 114:2. [PMID: 30443826 PMCID: PMC6244639 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure independent of co-existing hypertension and coronary artery disease. Although several molecular mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been identified, they are incompletely understood. The pathomechanisms are multifactorial and as a consequence, no causative treatment exists at this time to modulate or reverse the molecular changes contributing to accelerated cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients. Numerous animal models have been generated, which serve as powerful tools to study the impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on the heart. Despite specific limitations of the models generated, they mimic various perturbations observed in the diabetic myocardium and continue to provide important mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews recent studies in both diabetic patients and in these animal models, and discusses novel hypotheses to delineate the increased incidence of heart failure in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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25
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Uncoupling protein 3 deficiency impairs myocardial fatty acid oxidation and contractile recovery following ischemia/reperfusion. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:47. [PMID: 30374710 PMCID: PMC6208686 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes have poor cardiac outcomes following myocardial infarction (MI). The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is down-regulated in the heart with insulin resistance. We hypothesized that decreased UCP3 levels contribute to poor cardiac recovery following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). After confirming that myocardial UCP3 levels were systematically decreased by 20-49% in animal models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, we genetically engineered Sprague-Dawley rats with partial loss of UCP3 (ucp3+/-). Wild-type littermates (ucp3+/+) were used as controls. Isolated working hearts from ucp3+/- rats were characterized by impaired recovery of cardiac power and decreased long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation following I/R. Mitochondria isolated from ucp3+/- hearts subjected to I/R in vivo displayed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and decreased respiratory complex I activity. Supplying ucp3+/- cardiac mitochondria with the medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) octanoate slowed electron transport through the respiratory chain and reduced ROS generation. This was accompanied by improvement of cardiac LCFA oxidation and recovery of contractile function post ischemia. In conclusion, we demonstrated that normal cardiac UCP3 levels are essential to recovery of LCFA oxidation, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and contractile function following I/R. These results reveal a potential mechanism for the poor prognosis of type 2 diabetic patients following MI and expose MCFA supplementation as a feasible metabolic intervention to improve recovery of these patients at reperfusion.
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Cerf ME. Cardiac Glucolipotoxicity and Cardiovascular Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54050070. [PMID: 30344301 PMCID: PMC6262512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac insulin signaling can be impaired due to the altered fatty acid metabolism to induce insulin resistance. In diabetes and insulin resistance, the metabolic, structural and ultimately functional alterations in the heart and vasculature culminate in diabetic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, ischemia and eventually heart failure. Glucolipotoxicity describes the combined, often synergistic, adverse effects of elevated glucose and free fatty acid concentrations on heart structure, function, and survival. The quality of fatty acid shapes the cardiac structure and function, often influencing survival. A healthy fatty acid balance is therefore critical for maintaining cardiac integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon E Cerf
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Cadenas S. Mitochondrial uncoupling, ROS generation and cardioprotection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:940-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Al Kury L, Smail M, Qureshi MA, Sydorenko V, Shmygol A, Oz M, Singh J, Howarth FC. Calcium Signaling in the Ventricular Myocardium of the Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:2974304. [PMID: 29850600 PMCID: PMC5914098 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2974304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and high mortality linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major concern worldwide. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated a variety of diastolic and systolic dysfunctions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the severity of abnormalities depending on the patients' age and duration of diabetes. The cellular basis of hemodynamic dysfunction in a type 2 diabetic heart is still not well understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of contractile dysfunction and disturbances of Ca2+ transport in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rat heart. The GK rat is a widely used nonobese, nonhypertensive genetic model of T2DM which is characterized by insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, alterations in blood lipid profile, and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - M. Smail
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - V. Sydorenko
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - A. Shmygol
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. Oz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - J. Singh
- School of Forensic & Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - F. C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
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Park HW, Kang MG, Kim K, Koh JS, Park JR, Jeong YH, Ahn JH, Jang JY, Kwak CH, Park Y, Jeong MH, Kim YJ, Cho MC, Kim CJ, Hwang JY. Long-term Prognosis and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Detected after First Acute Myocardial Infarction: from KAMIR-NIH Registry. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:134-147. [PMID: 29441746 PMCID: PMC5861004 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2017.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES After the first acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a considerable proportion of patients are newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, in AMI, controversy remains regarding the disparity in prognosis between previously diagnosed DM (known-DM) and newly diagnosed DM (new-DM). METHODS The study included 10,455 patients with AMI (non-DM, 6,236; new-DM, 659; known-DM, 3,560) admitted to one of 15 participating centers in Korea between November 2011 and January 2016 (average follow-up, 523 days). We compared the characteristics and clinical course of patients with known-DM and those with new- or non-DM. RESULTS Compared to patients with known-DM, those with new-DM or non-DM were younger, more likely to be male, and less likely to have hypertension, dyslipidemia, prior stroke, angina, or myocardial infarction. Compared to patients with new-DM or non-DM (reference), those with known-DM had higher risks of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.35; p=0.004), cardiac death (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01-1.57; p=0.042), and congestive heart failure (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.20-2.08). Unlike known-DM, new-DM did not increase the risk of cardiac events (including death). CONCLUSIONS Known-DM was associated with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular events after AMI, while new-DM had a similar risk of cardiac events as that noted for non-DM. There were different cardiovascular outcomes according to diabetes status in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kyehwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Sin Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jeong Rang Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yongwhi Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Jo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myeong Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
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Goetzman ES, Prochownik EV. The Role for Myc in Coordinating Glycolysis, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glutaminolysis, and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:129. [PMID: 29706933 PMCID: PMC5907532 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
That cancer cells show patterns of metabolism different from normal cells has been known for over 50 years. Yet, it is only in the past decade or so that an appreciation of the benefits of these changes has begun to emerge. Altered cancer cell metabolism was initially attributed to defective mitochondria. However, we now realize that most cancers do not have mitochondrial mutations and that normal cells can transiently adopt cancer-like metabolism during periods of rapid proliferation. Indeed, an encompassing, albeit somewhat simplified, conceptual framework to explain both normal and cancer cell metabolism rests on several simple premises. First, the metabolic pathways used by cancer cells and their normal counterparts are the same. Second, normal quiescent cells use their metabolic pathways and the energy they generate largely to maintain cellular health and organelle turnover and, in some cases, to provide secreted products necessary for the survival of the intact organism. By contrast, undifferentiated cancer cells minimize the latter functions and devote their energy to producing the anabolic substrates necessary to maintain high rates of unremitting cellular proliferation. Third, as a result of the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells, a larger fraction of the metabolic intermediates normally used by quiescent cells purely as a source of energy are instead channeled into competing proliferation-focused and energy-consuming anabolic pathways. Fourth, cancer cell clones with the most plastic and rapidly adaptable metabolism will eventually outcompete their less well-adapted brethren during tumor progression and evolution. This attribute becomes increasingly important as tumors grow and as their individual cells compete in a constantly changing and inimical environment marked by nutrient, oxygen, and growth factor deficits. Here, we review some of the metabolic pathways whose importance has gained center stage for tumor growth, particularly those under the control of the c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein. We discuss how these pathways differ functionally between quiescent and proliferating normal cells, how they are kidnapped and corrupted during the course of transformation, and consider potential therapeutic strategies that take advantage of common features of neoplastic and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Edward V. Prochownik,
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31
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Liu W, Gong W, He M, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Wu M, Guo S, Yu Y, Wang X, Sun F, Li Y, Zhou L, Qin S, Zhang Z. Spironolactone Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9232065. [PMID: 30406151 PMCID: PMC6204188 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9232065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spironolactone (SPR) has been shown to protect diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we determined the cardioprotective role of SPR in diabetic mice and further explored the potential mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro models. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were used as the in vivo model. After the onset of diabetes, rats were treated with either SPR (STZ + SPR) or saline (STZ + NS) for 12 weeks; nondiabetic rats were used as controls (NDCs). In vitro, H9C2 cells were exposed to aldosterone, with or without SPR. Cardiac structure was investigated with transmission electron microscopy and pathological examination; immunohistochemistry was performed to detect nitrotyrosine, collagen-1, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and F4/80 expression; and gene expression of markers for oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and energy metabolism was detected. Our results suggested that SPR attenuated mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and sarcoplasmic reticulum enlargement in diabetic rats. Compared to the STZ + NS group, cardiac oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction were improved by SPR treatment. Our study showed that SPR had cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and reducing fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study, for the first time, indicates that SPR might be a potential treatment for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yemei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital, 4 Duchun Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shengmei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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32
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Edmunds LR, Otero PA, Sharma L, D'Souza S, Dolezal JM, David S, Lu J, Lamm L, Basantani M, Zhang P, Sipula IJ, Li L, Zeng X, Ding Y, Ding F, Beck ME, Vockley J, Monga SPS, Kershaw EE, O'Doherty RM, Kratz LE, Yates NA, Goetzman EP, Scott D, Duncan AW, Prochownik EV. Abnormal lipid processing but normal long-term repopulation potential of myc-/- hepatocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30379-95. [PMID: 27105497 PMCID: PMC5058687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing c-Myc's (Myc) role in liver regeneration has proven difficult particularly since the traditional model of partial hepatectomy may provoke an insufficiently demanding proliferative stress. We used a model of hereditary tyrosinemia whereby the affected parenchyma can be gradually replaced by transplanted hepatocytes, which replicate 50-100-fold, over several months. Prior to transplantation, livers from myc−/− (KO) mice were smaller in young animals and larger in older animals relative to myc+/+ (WT) counterparts. KO mice also consumed more oxygen, produced more CO2 and generated more heat. Although WT and KO hepatocytes showed few mitochondrial structural differences, the latter demonstrated defective electron transport chain function. RNAseq revealed differences in transcripts encoding ribosomal subunits, cytochrome p450 members and enzymes for triglyceride and sterol biosynthesis. KO hepatocytes also accumulated neutral lipids. WT and KO hepatocytes repopulated recipient tyrosinemic livers equally well although the latter were associated with a pro-inflammatory hepatic environment that correlated with worsening lipid accumulation, its extracellular deposition and parenchymal oxidative damage. Our results show Myc to be dispensable for sustained in vivo hepatocyte proliferation but necessary for maintaining normal lipid homeostasis. myc−/− livers resemble those encountered in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and, under sustained proliferative stress, gradually acquire the features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia R Edmunds
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - P Anthony Otero
- Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lokendra Sharma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Biotechnology Program, Center for Biological Sciences, Central University of Bihar, Bihar, India
| | - Sonia D'Souza
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James M Dolezal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sherin David
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Lamm
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mahesh Basantani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pili Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian J Sipula
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lucy Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan E Beck
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satdarshan P S Monga
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert M O'Doherty
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa E Kratz
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan A Yates
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric P Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donald Scott
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Melatonin Efficacy in Obese Leptin-Deficient Mice Heart. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121323. [PMID: 29206172 PMCID: PMC5748773 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage due to the link between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum necessary for calcium flux and contraction. Melatonin, important indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland during darkness, also has important cardioprotective properties. We designed the present study to define morphological and ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes and mainly in mitochondria of an animal model of obesity (ob/ob mice), when treated orally or not with melatonin at 100 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks (from 5 up to 13 week of life). We observed that ob/ob mice mitochondria in sub-sarcolemmal and inter-myofibrillar compartments are often devoid of cristae with an abnormally large size, which are called mega-mitochondria. Moreover, in ob/ob mice the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes expressed high level of 4hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation but scarce degree of mitofusin2, indicative of mitochondrial sufferance. Melatonin oral supplementation in ob/ob mice restores mitochondrial cristae, enhances mitofusin2 expression and minimizes 4HNE and p62/SQSTM1, an index of aberrant autophagic flux. At pericardial fat level, adipose tissue depot strictly associated with myocardium infarction, melatonin reduces adipocyte hypertrophy and inversely regulates 4HNE and adiponectin expressions. In summary, melatonin might represent a safe dietary adjuvant to hamper cardiac mitochondria remodeling and the hypoxic status that occur in pre-diabetic obese mice at 13 weeks of life.
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Zhang C, Jiang H, Wang P, Liu H, Sun X. Transcription factor NF-kappa B represses ANT1 transcription and leads to mitochondrial dysfunctions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44708. [PMID: 28317877 PMCID: PMC5357787 DOI: 10.1038/srep44708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles involved in cell survival and death, and dysfunctions of mitochondria are related to neurodegenerative diseases. As the most abundant protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT1) plays a critical role in mitochondrial function, including the exchange of adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP) in mitochondria, basal proton leak and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Here, we show that ANT1 transcription is regulated by transcription factor NF-kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB is bound to two NF-κB responsive elements (NREs) located at +1 to +20 bp and +41 to +61 bp in the ANT1 promoter. An NF-κB signalling stimulator, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), suppresses ANT1 mRNA and protein expression. Activation of NF-κB by TNFα impairs ATP/ADP exchange and decreases ATP production in mitochondria. Activation of NF-κB by TNFα decreases calcium induced mPTP opening, elevates mitochondrial potential and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both T98G human glioblastoma cells and rat cortical neurons. These results demonstrate that NF-κB signalling may repress ANT1 gene transcription and impair mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Hospital of Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Otolaryngology Key, Lab of Ministry of Health, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Otolaryngology Key, Lab of Ministry of Health, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Brain Research Institute, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
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35
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The role of CD36 in the regulation of myocardial lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1450-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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36
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Zlobine I, Gopal K, Ussher JR. Lipotoxicity in obesity and diabetes-related cardiac dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1555-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Trivedi PC, Bartlett JJ, Perez LJ, Brunt KR, Legare JF, Hassan A, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Glucolipotoxicity diminishes cardiomyocyte TFEB and inhibits lysosomal autophagy during obesity and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1893-1910. [PMID: 27620487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired cardiac metabolism in the obese and diabetic heart leads to glucolipotoxicity and ensuing cardiomyopathy. Glucolipotoxicity causes cardiomyocyte injury by increasing energy insufficiency, impairing proteasomal-mediated protein degradation and inducing apoptosis. Proteasome-evading proteins are degraded by autophagy in the lysosome, whose metabolism and function are regulated by master regulator transcription factor EB (TFEB). Limited studies have examined the impact of glucolipotoxicity on intra-lysosomal signaling proteins and their regulators. By utilizing a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, type-1 diabetes (Akita) and ex-vivo model of glucolipotoxicity (H9C2 cells and NRCM, neonatal rat cardiomyocyte), we examined whether glucolipotoxicity negatively targets TFEB and lysosomal proteins to dysregulate autophagy and cause cardiac injury. Despite differential effects of obesity and diabetes on LC3B-II, expression of proteins facilitating autophagosomal clearance such as TFEB, LAMP-2A, Hsc70 and Hsp90 were decreased in the obese and diabetic heart. In-vivo data was recapitulated in H9C2 and NRCM cells, which exhibited impaired autophagic flux and reduced TFEB content when exposed to a glucolipotoxic milieu. Notably, overloading myocytes with a saturated fatty acid (palmitate) but not an unsaturated fatty acid (oleate) depleted cellular TFEB and suppressed autophagy, suggesting a fatty acid specific regulation of TFEB and autophagy in the cardiomyocyte. The effect of glucolipotoxicity to reduce TFEB content was also confirmed in heart tissue from patients with Class-I obesity. Therefore, during glucolipotoxicity, suppression of lysosomal autophagy was associated with reduced lysosomal content, decreased cathepsin-B activity and diminished cellular TFEB content likely rendering myocytes susceptible to cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi C Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jordan J Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Lester J Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Legare
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ansar Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Petra C Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Liang Q, Kobayashi S. Mitochondrial quality control in the diabetic heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 95:57-69. [PMID: 26739215 PMCID: PMC6263145 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for heart failure. Diabetic heart damage is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS generation. However, clinical trials have shown no effects of antioxidant therapies on heart failure in diabetic patients, suggesting that simply antagonizing existing ROS by antioxidants is not sufficient to reduce diabetic cardiac injury. A potentially more effective treatment strategy may be to enhance the overall capacity of mitochondrial quality control to maintain a pool of healthy mitochondria that are needed for supporting cardiac contractile function in diabetic patients. Mitochondrial quality is controlled by a number of coordinated mechanisms including mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis. The mitochondrial damage consistently observed in the diabetic hearts indicates a failure of the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated a crucial role for each of these mechanisms in cardiac homeostasis and have begun to interrogate the relative contribution of insufficient mitochondrial quality control to diabetic cardiac injury. In this review, we will present currently available literature that links diabetic heart disease to the dysregulation of major mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. We will discuss the functional roles of these mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic heart disease and their potentials for targeted therapeutical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA.
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA
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β-Sitosterol increases mitochondrial electron transport by fluidizing mitochondrial membranes and enhances mitochondrial responsiveness to increasing energy demand by the induction of uncoupling in C2C12 myotubes. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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von Bibra H, Siegmund T, Kingreen I, Riemer M, Schuster T, Schumm-Draeger PM. Effects of analogue insulin in multiple daily injection therapy of type 2 diabetes on postprandial glucose control and cardiac function compared to human insulin: a randomized controlled long-term study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:7. [PMID: 26772807 PMCID: PMC4715313 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevention of cardiovascular disease, including diastolic cardiac dysfunction with its high prevalence and ominous prognosis, is a therapeutic challenge for patients with type 2 diabetes. Both short and long-acting insulin analogues (AI) have been shown to reduce glucose variability and provide potential benefit for cardiovascular disease although the effects on cardiac function have not yet been evaluated. This long-term, prospective, randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) tested the hypothesis that a multiple daily injection regimen (MDI) with AI improves postmeal glucose excursions in comparison to human insulin (HI) and that the effects of AI improve diastolic cardiac function. Methods For 36 months, MDI treatment in 109 T2D patients was adapted every 3 months (targets: fasting glucose ≤ 110 mg/dl, postmeal glucose ≤ 150 mg/dl) in both groups: AI (insulin detemir and insulin aspart, n = 61) and HI (NPH-insulin and regular HI, n = 48). Diastolic cardiac function (myocardial velocity E’ using tissue Doppler imaging and the mitral inflow ratio E/A) and vascular function were assessed before and 2 h after a standardized breakfast (48 g carbohydrates). At baseline, both groups were comparable with regards to demographic, cardiac and metabolic data. Analysis of data included traditional statistics as well as the use of a multiple imputation technique shown in brackets [ ]. Results At 36 months, the primary endpoint, postmeal glucose, decreased by 20 ± 62 mg/dl, p = 0.038 [p = 0.021] with AI and increased insignificantly with HI (inter-group p = 0.032 [p = 0.047]) to postmeal glucose levels of 161 ± 39 with AI vs. 195 ± 54 mg/dl with HI (inter-group p = 0.002 [p = 0.010]) whereas the levels of fasting glucose and HbA1c were comparable. With AI, postmeal E’ improved by 0.6 ± 1.4 cm/s, p = 0.009 [p = 0.002] and fasting E’ by 0.4 ± 1.4 cm/s, p = 0.069 [p = 0.013], however, E’ remained unchanged with HI. These changes were consistent with those of the traditional parameter E/A. Conclusions MDI with AI results in better postmeal glucose control compared to HI. The treatment with AI is associated with improved diastolic cardiac function. ClinicalTrials.gov (NTC00747409)
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene von Bibra
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Städt. Klinikum München GmbH, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Siegmund
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Städt. Klinikum München GmbH, Munich, Germany.
| | - Iris Kingreen
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Städt. Klinikum München GmbH, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Riemer
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Städt. Klinikum München GmbH, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tibor Schuster
- Institute for Statistics and Epidemiology in Medicine of the Technische Universität, Munich, Germany.
| | - Petra-Maria Schumm-Draeger
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Städt. Klinikum München GmbH, Munich, Germany.
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Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Kooi ME, Schrauwen P. Mitochondrial Function and Diabetes: Consequences for Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:39-51. [PMID: 25808308 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An early hallmark in the development of type 2 diabetes is the resistance to the effect of insulin in skeletal muscle and in the heart. Since mitochondrial function was found to be diminished in patients with type 2 diabetes, it was suggested that this defect might be involved in the etiology of insulin resistance. Although several hypotheses were suggested, yet unclear is the mechanistic link between these two phenomena. RECENT ADVANCES Herein, we review the evidence for disturbances in mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and the heart in the diabetic state. Also the mechanisms involved in improving mitochondrial function are considered and, whenever possible, human data is cited. CRITICAL ISSUES Reported evidence shows that interventions that improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function also improve insulin sensitivity in humans. In the heart, available data from animal studies suggests that enhancement of mitochondrial function can reverse aging-induced changes in heart function, and can be protective against cardiomyopathy and heart failure. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mitochondria and their functions can be targeted with the aim of improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and cardiac function. However, human clinical intervention studies are needed to fully substantiate the potential of mitochondria as a target to prevent cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- 1 Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,3 Department of NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Eline Kooi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,3 Department of NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,4 Department of CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- 2 Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,3 Department of NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Harmancey R, Haight DL, Watts KA, Taegtmeyer H. Chronic Hyperinsulinemia Causes Selective Insulin Resistance and Down-regulates Uncoupling Protein 3 (UCP3) through the Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein (SREBP)-1 Transcription Factor in the Mouse Heart. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30947-61. [PMID: 26555260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk for heart failure and death after myocardial infarction is abnormally high in diabetic subjects. We and others have shown previously that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) improves functional recovery of the rodent heart during reperfusion. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacological induction of hyperinsulinemia in mice down-regulates myocardial UCP3. Decreased UCP3 expression was linked to the development of selective insulin resistance in the heart, characterized by decreased basal activity of Akt but preserved activity of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and overactivation of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1-mediated lipogenic program. In cultured myocytes, insulin treatment and SREBP-1 overexpression decreased, whereas SREBP-1 interference increased, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-stimulated expression of UCP3. Promoter deletion and site-directed mutagenesis identified three functional sterol regulatory elements in the vicinity of a known complex intronic enhancer. Increased binding of SREBP-1 to this DNA region was confirmed in the heart of hyperinsulinemic mice. In conclusion, we describe a hitherto unknown regulatory mechanism by which insulin inhibits cardiac UCP3 expression through activation of the lipogenic factor SREBP-1. Sustained down-regulation of cardiac UCP3 by hyperinsulinemia may partly explain the poor prognosis of type 2 diabetic patients after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Harmancey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505
| | - Derek L Haight
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Kayla A Watts
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
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Xiang L, Mittwede PN, Clemmer JS. Glucose Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Alterations in Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1815-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sung MM, Hamza SM, Dyck JRB. Myocardial metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: potential therapeutic targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1606-30. [PMID: 25808033 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular complications in diabetes are particularly serious and represent the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Despite early observations of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic humans, cardiomyopathy unique to diabetes has only recently been recognized. RECENT ADVANCES Research has focused on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Emerging data highlight the importance of altered mitochondrial function as a major contributor to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs by several mechanisms involving altered cardiac substrate metabolism, lipotoxicity, impaired cardiac insulin and glucose homeostasis, impaired cellular and mitochondrial calcium handling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial uncoupling. CRITICAL ISSUES Currently, treatment is not specifically tailored for diabetic patients with cardiac dysfunction. Given the multifactorial development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, traditional treatments such as anti-diabetic agents, as well as cellular and mitochondrial fatty acid uptake inhibitors aimed at shifting the balance of cardiac metabolism from utilizing fat to glucose may not adequately target all aspects of this condition. Thus, an alternative treatment such as resveratrol, which targets multiple facets of diabetes, may represent a safe and promising supplement to currently recommended clinical therapy and lifestyle changes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy is essential for development of effective and targeted treatment strategies. Of particular interest is the investigation of alternative therapies such as resveratrol, which can function as both preventative and mitigating agents in the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shereen M Hamza
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Schilling JD. The mitochondria in diabetic heart failure: from pathogenesis to therapeutic promise. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1515-26. [PMID: 25761843 PMCID: PMC4449623 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes is an important risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes in the population, strategies are needed to reduce the burden of HF in these patients. RECENT ADVANCES Diabetes is associated with several pathologic findings in the heart including dysregulated metabolism, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a central mediator of these pathologic responses. The development of therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial biology holds promise for the management of HF in diabetic patients. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite significant data implicating mitochondrial pathology in diabetic cardiomyopathy, the optimal pharmacologic approach to improve mitochondrial function remains undefined. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Detailed mechanistic studies coupled with more robust clinical phenotyping will be necessary to develop novel approaches to improve cardiac function in diabetes. Moreover, understanding the interplay between diabetes and other cardiac stressors (hypertension, ischemia, and valvular disease) will be of the utmost importance for clinical translation of scientific discoveries made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Schilling
- 1Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,2Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,3Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Monoamine Oxidases as Potential Contributors to Oxidative Stress in Diabetes: Time for a Study in Patients Undergoing Heart Surgery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:515437. [PMID: 26101773 PMCID: PMC4458524 DOI: 10.1155/2015/515437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathomechanism causally linked to the progression of chronic cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Mitochondria have emerged as the most relevant source of reactive oxygen species, the major culprit being classically considered the respiratory chain at the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the past decade, several experimental studies unequivocally demonstrated the contribution of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) at the outer mitochondrial membrane to the maladaptative ventricular hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction. This paper addresses the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of heart failure and diabetes together with the mounting evidence for an emerging role of MAO inhibition as putative cardioprotective strategy in both conditions.
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Seferović PM, Paulus WJ. Clinical diabetic cardiomyopathy: a two-faced disease with restrictive and dilated phenotypes. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1718-27, 1727a-1727c. [PMID: 25888006 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus-related cardiomyopathy (DMCMP) was originally described as a dilated phenotype with eccentric left ventricular (LV) remodelling and systolic LV dysfunction. Recently however, clinical studies on DMCMP mainly describe a restrictive phenotype with concentric LV remodelling and diastolic LV dysfunction. Both phenotypes are not successive stages of DMCMP but evolve independently to respectively heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFPEF) or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFREF). Phenotype-specific pathophysiological mechanisms were recently proposed for LV remodelling and dysfunction in HFPEF and HFREF consisting of coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in HFPEF and cardiomyocyte cell death in HFREF. A similar preferential involvement of endothelial or cardiomyocyte cell compartments explains DMCMP development into distinct restrictive/HFPEF or dilated/HFREF phenotypes. Diabetes mellitus (DM)-related metabolic derangements such as hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity, and hyperinsulinaemia favour development of DMCMP with restrictive/HFPEF phenotype, which is more prevalent in obese type 2 DM patients. In contrast, autoimmunity predisposes to a dilated/HFREF phenotype, which manifests itself more in autoimmune-prone type 1 DM patients. Finally, coronary microvascular rarefaction and advanced glycation end-products deposition are relevant to both phenotypes. Diagnosis of DMCMP requires impaired glucose metabolism and exclusion of coronary, valvular, hypertensive, or congenital heart disease and of viral, toxic, familial, or infiltrative cardiomyopathy. In addition, diagnosis of DMCMP with restrictive/HFPEF phenotype requires normal systolic LV function and diastolic LV dysfunction, whereas diagnosis of DMCMP with dilated/HFREF phenotype requires systolic LV dysfunction. Treatment of DMCMP with restrictive/HFPEF phenotype is limited to diuretics and lifestyle modification, whereas DMCMP with dilated/HFREF phenotype is treated in accordance to HF guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Peterson LR, Herrero P, Coggan AR, Kisrieva-Ware Z, Saeed I, Dence C, Koudelis D, McGill JB, Lyons MR, Novak E, Dávila-Román VG, Waggoner AD, Gropler RJ. Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and sex difference affect the fate of glucose in the human heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1510-6. [PMID: 25888511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00722.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and sex difference affect myocardial glucose uptake and utilization. However, their effect on the intramyocellular fate of glucose in humans has been unknown. How the heart uses glucose is important, because it affects energy production and oxygen efficiency, which in turn affect heart function and adaptability. We hypothesized that type 2 diabetes, sex difference, and obesity affect myocardial glucose oxidation, glycolysis, and glycogen production. In a first-in-human study, we measured intramyocardiocellular glucose metabolism from time-activity curves generated from previously obtained positron emission tomography scans of 110 subjects in 3 groups: nonobese, obese, and diabetes. Group and sex difference interacted in the prediction of all glucose uptake, utilization, and metabolism rates. Group independently predicted fractional glucose uptake and its components: glycolysis, glycogen deposition, and glucose oxidation rates. Sex difference predicted glycolysis rates. However, there were fewer differences in glucose metabolism between diabetic patients and others when plasma glucose levels were included in the modeling. The potentially detrimental effects of obesity and diabetes on myocardial glucose metabolism are more pronounced in men than women. This sex difference dimorphism needs to be taken into account in the design, trials, and application of metabolic modulator therapy. Slightly higher plasma glucose levels improve depressed glucose oxidation and glycogen deposition rates in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Peterson
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pilar Herrero
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Zulia Kisrieva-Ware
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Ibrahim Saeed
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carmen Dence
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah Koudelis
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Janet B McGill
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew R Lyons
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric Novak
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Víctor G Dávila-Román
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alan D Waggoner
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
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Albadawi H, Oklu R, Milner JD, Uong TP, Yoo HJ, Austen WG, Watkins MT. Effect of limb demand ischemia on autophagy and morphology in mice. J Surg Res 2015; 198:515-24. [PMID: 25959834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes and peripheral arterial disease, which frequently leads to lower limb demand ischemia. Skeletal muscle autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis are important processes for proper oxidative capacity and energy metabolism, which are compromised in diabetes. This study compares autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and morphology in the hind limbs of obese diabetic mice subjected to demand or sedentary ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unilateral hind limb demand ischemia was created in a group of diet-induced obese mice after femoral artery ligation and 4 wk of daily exercise. A parallel group of mice underwent femoral artery ligation but remained sedentary for 4 wk. Hind limb muscles were analyzed for markers of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, adenosine triphosphate, and muscle tissue morphology. RESULTS At the end of the 4-wk exercise period, demand ischemia increased the autophagy mediator Beclin-1, but it did not alter the autophagy indicator, LC3B-II/I ratio, or markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, optic atrophy/dynamin-related protein. In contrast, exercise significantly increased the level of mitochondrial protein-succinate dehydrogenase subunit-A and reduced adipocyte accumulation and the percentage of centrally nucleated myofibers in the demand ischemia limb. In addition, demand ischemia resulted in decreased uncoupling protein-3 levels without altering muscle adenosine triphosphate or pS473-Akt levels. CONCLUSIONS Limb demand ischemia markedly decreased adipocyte accumulation and enhanced muscle regeneration in obese mice, but it did not appear to enhance autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, or insulin sensitivity. Future studies aimed at evaluating novel therapies that enhance autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in diabetes with peripheral arterial disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John D Milner
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thuy P Uong
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyung-Jin Yoo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William G Austen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael T Watkins
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abdurrachim D, Luiken JJFP, Nicolay K, Glatz JFC, Prompers JJ, Nabben M. Good and bad consequences of altered fatty acid metabolism in heart failure: evidence from mouse models. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:194-205. [PMID: 25765936 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The shift in substrate preference away from fatty acid oxidation (FAO) towards increased glucose utilization in heart failure has long been interpreted as an oxygen-sparing mechanism. Inhibition of FAO has therefore evolved as an accepted approach to treat heart failure. However, recent data indicate that increased reliance on glucose might be detrimental rather than beneficial for the failing heart. This review discusses new insights into metabolic adaptations in heart failure. A particular focus lies on data obtained from mouse models with modulations of cardiac FA metabolism at different levels of the FA metabolic pathway and how these differently affect cardiac function. Based on studies in which these mouse models were exposed to ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure, we discuss whether and when modulations in FA metabolism are protective against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Abdurrachim
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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