1
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Mahanty M, Dutta B, Ou W, Zhu X, Bromberg JS, He X, Rahaman SO. Macrophage microRNA-146a is a central regulator of the foreign body response to biomaterial implants. Biomaterials 2024; 314:122855. [PMID: 39362025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Host recognition and immune-mediated foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterials can adversely affect the functionality of implanted materials. FBR presents a complex bioengineering and medical challenge due to the lack of current treatments, making the detailed exploration of its molecular mechanisms crucial for developing new and effective therapies. To identify key molecular targets underlying the generation of FBR, here we perform analysis of microRNAs (miR) and mRNAs responses to implanted biomaterials. We found that (a) miR-146a levels inversely affect macrophage accumulation, foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation, and fibrosis in a murine implant model; (b) macrophage-derived miR-146a is a crucial regulator of the FBR and FBGC formation, as confirmed by global and cell-specific knockout of miR-146a; (c) miR-146a modulates genes related to inflammation, fibrosis, and mechanosensing; (d) miR-146a modulates tissue stiffness near the implant during FBR as assessed by atomic force microscopy; and (e) miR-146a is linked to F-actin production and cellular traction force induction as determined by traction force microscopy, which are vital for FBGC formation. These novel findings suggest that targeting macrophage miR-146a could be a selective strategy to inhibit FBR, potentially improving the biocompatibility of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mahanty
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bidisha Dutta
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Wenquan Ou
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- University of Maryland, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | | | - Xiaoming He
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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2
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Hoeft K, Koch L, Ziegler S, Zhang L, Luetke S, Tanzer MC, Mohanta D, Schumacher D, Schreibing F, Long Q, Kim H, Klinkhammer BM, Schikarski C, Maryam S, Baens M, Hermann J, Krieg S, Peisker F, De Laporte L, Schaefer GJ, Menzel S, Jankowski J, Humphreys BD, Wahida A, Schneider RK, Versele M, Boor P, Mann M, Sengle G, Hayat S, Kramann R. ADAMTS12 promotes fibrosis by restructuring extracellular matrix to enable activation of injury-responsive fibroblasts. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170246. [PMID: 39286973 PMCID: PMC11405035 DOI: 10.1172/jci170246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis represents the uncontrolled replacement of parenchymal tissue with extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by myofibroblasts. While genetic fate-tracing and single-cell RNA-Seq technologies have helped elucidate fibroblast heterogeneity and ontogeny beyond fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, newly identified fibroblast populations remain ill defined, with respect to both the molecular cues driving their differentiation and their subsequent role in fibrosis. Using an unbiased approach, we identified the metalloprotease ADAMTS12 as a fibroblast-specific gene that is strongly upregulated during active fibrogenesis in humans and mice. Functional in vivo KO studies in mice confirmed that Adamts12 was critical during fibrogenesis in both heart and kidney. Mechanistically, using a combination of spatial transcriptomics and expression of catalytically active or inactive ADAMTS12, we demonstrated that the active protease of ADAMTS12 shaped ECM composition and cleaved hemicentin 1 (HMCN1) to enable the activation and migration of a distinct injury-responsive fibroblast subset defined by aberrant high JAK/STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Hoeft
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Koch
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ziegler
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Luetke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria C Tanzer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Debashish Mohanta
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Schreibing
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
- Sequantrix GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qingqing Long
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Carla Schikarski
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sidrah Maryam
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Hermann
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Fabian Peisker
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Department of Advanced Materials for Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute of Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gideon Jl Schaefer
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Menzel
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adam Wahida
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Boor
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Hypertension), RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Boismal F, Peltier S, Ly Ka So S, Chevreux G, Blondel L, Serror K, Setterblab N, Zuelgaray E, Boccara D, Mimoun M, Guere C, Benssussan A, Dorr M, Beauchef G, Vie K, Michel L. Proteomic and secretomic comparison of young and aged dermal fibroblasts highlights cytoskeleton as a key component during aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11776-11795. [PMID: 39197170 PMCID: PMC11386920 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Crucial for skin homeostasis, synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix components are orchestrated by dermal fibroblasts. During aging, alterations of component expression, such as collagens and enzymes, lead to reduction of the mechanical cutaneous tension and defects of skin wound healing. The aim of this study was to better understand the molecular alterations underwent by fibroblasts during aging by comparing secretomic and proteomic signatures of fibroblasts from young (<35years) and aged (>55years) skin donors, in quiescence or TGF-stimulated conditions, using HLPC/MS. The comparison of the secretome from young and aged fibroblasts revealed that 16 proteins in resting condition, and 11 proteins after a 24h-lasting TGF-β1-treatment, were expressed in significant different ways between the two cell groups (fold change>2, p-value <0.05), with a 77% decrease in the number of secreted proteins in aged cells. Proteome comparison between young and aged fibroblasts identified a significant change of 63 proteins in resting condition, and 73 proteins in TGF-β1-stimulated condition, with a 67% increase in the number of proteins in aged fibroblasts. The majority of the differentially-expressed molecules belongs to the cytoskeleton-associated proteins and aging was characterized by an increase in Coronin 1C (CORO1C), and Filamin B (FLNB) expression in fibroblasts together with a decrease in Cofilin (CFL1), and Actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1) detection in aged cells, these proteins being involved in actin-filament polymerization and sharing co-activity in cell motility. Our present data reinforce knowledge about an age-related alteration in the synthesis of major proteins linked to the migratory and contractile functions of dermal human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Boismal
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandy Peltier
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ly Ka So
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Loïse Blondel
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kévin Serror
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - David Boccara
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maurice Mimoun
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Armand Benssussan
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Laurence Michel
- INSERM UMR_S 976, Skin Research Center, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
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4
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Zhao J, Yue P, Mi N, Li M, Fu W, Zhang X, Gao L, Bai M, Tian L, Jiang N, Lu Y, Ma H, Dong C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ren Y, Suzuki A, Wong PF, Tanaka K, Rerknimitr R, Junger HH, Cheung TT, Melloul E, Demartines N, Leung JW, Yao J, Yuan J, Lin Y, Schlitt HJ, Meng W. Biliary fibrosis is an important but neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:326-365. [PMID: 39135601 PMCID: PMC11317084 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis resulting from pathological repair secondary to recurrent or persistent tissue damage often leads to organ failure and mortality. Biliary fibrosis is a crucial but easily neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders, which may promote the development and progression of benign and malignant biliary diseases through pathological healing mechanisms secondary to biliary tract injuries. Elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of biliary diseases. In this review, we emphasized the importance of biliary fibrosis in cholangiopathies and summarized the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and aberrant cellular composition involving the biliary ductules, cholangiocytes, immune system, fibroblasts, and the microbiome. We also focused on pivotal signaling pathways and offered insights into ongoing clinical trials and proposing a strategic approach for managing biliary fibrosis-related cholangiopathies. This review will offer a comprehensive perspective on biliary fibrosis and provide an important reference for future mechanism research and innovative therapy to prevent or reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningning Mi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Matu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenkang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xianzhuo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningzu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinduo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Azumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Peng F. Wong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Kiyohito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henrik H. Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tan T. Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emmanuel Melloul
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph W. Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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5
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Ho Thanh MT, Poudel A, Ameen S, Carroll B, Wu M, Soman P, Zhang T, Schwarz JM, Patteson AE. Vimentin promotes collective cell migration through collagen networks via increased matrix remodeling and spheroid fluidity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599259. [PMID: 38948855 PMCID: PMC11212918 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The intermediate filament (IF) protein vimentin is associated with many diseases with phenotypes of enhanced cellular migration and aggressive invasion through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues, but vimentin's role in in-vivo cell migration is still largely unclear. Vimentin is important for proper cellular adhesion and force generation, which are critical to cell migration; yet the vimentin cytoskeleton also hinders the ability of cells to squeeze through small pores in ECM, resisting migration. To identify the role of vimentin in collective cell migration, we generate spheroids of wide-type and vimentin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs) and embed them in a 3D collagen matrix. We find that loss of vimentin significantly impairs the ability of the spheroid to collectively expand through collagen networks and remodel the collagen network. Traction force analysis reveals that vimentin null spheroids exert less contractile force than their wild-type counterparts. In addition, spheroids made of mEFs with only vimentin unit length filaments (ULFs) exhibit similar behavior as vimentin-null spheroids, suggesting filamentous vimentin is required to promote 3D collective cell migration. We find the vimentin-mediated collective cell expansion is dependent on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) degradation of the collagen matrix. Further, 3D vertex model simulation of spheroid and embedded ECM indicates that wild-type spheroids behave more fluid-like, enabling more active pulling and reconstructing the surrounding collagen network. Altogether, these results signify that VIF plays a critical role in enhancing migratory persistence in 3D matrix environments through MMP transportation and tissue fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tri Ho Thanh
- Physics Department, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Arun Poudel
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Shabeeb Ameen
- Physics Department, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Bobby Carroll
- Physics Department, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - M Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Pranav Soman
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J M Schwarz
- Physics Department, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
- Indian Creek Farm, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University; Syracuse, New York, USA
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6
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Hall JK, Bates JHT, Krishnan R, Kim JH, Deng Y, Lutchen KR, Suki B. Elucidating the interaction between stretch and stiffness using an agent-based spring network model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1396383. [PMID: 38840902 PMCID: PMC11150662 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1396383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a deadly disease that involves the dysregulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which are mechanosensitive. Previous computational models have succeeded in modeling stiffness-mediated fibroblasts behaviors; however, these models have neglected to consider stretch-mediated behaviors, especially stretch-sensitive channels and the stretch-mediated release of latent TGF-β. Here, we develop and explore an agent-based model and spring network model hybrid that is capable of recapitulating both stiffness and stretch. Using the model, we evaluate the role of mechanical signaling in homeostasis and disease progression during self-healing and fibrosis, respectively. We develop the model such that there is a fibrotic threshold near which the network tends towards instability and fibrosis or below which the network tends to heal. The healing response is due to the stretch signal, whereas the fibrotic response occurs when the stiffness signal overpowers the stretch signal, creating a positive feedback loop. We also find that by changing the proportional weights of the stretch and stiffness signals, we observe heterogeneity in pathological network structure similar to that seen in human IPF tissue. The system also shows emergent behavior and bifurcations: whether the network will heal or turn fibrotic depends on the initial network organization of the damage, clearly demonstrating structure's pivotal role in healing or fibrosis of the overall network. In summary, these results strongly suggest that the mechanical signaling present in the lungs combined with network effects contribute to both homeostasis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason H. T. Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Lutchen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Radeva L, Yordanov Y, Spassova I, Kovacheva D, Tibi IPE, Zaharieva MM, Kaleva M, Najdenski H, Petrov PD, Tzankova V, Yoncheva K. Incorporation of Resveratrol-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complexes into Hydrogel Formulation for Wound Treatment. Gels 2024; 10:346. [PMID: 38786263 PMCID: PMC11121020 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol could be applied in wound healing therapies because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the main limitation of resveratrol is its low aqueous solubility. In this study, resveratrol was included in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes and further formulated in Pluronic F-127 hydrogels for wound treatment therapy. IR-spectroscopy and XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of resveratrol into complexes. The wound-healing ability of these complexes was estimated by a scratch assay on fibroblasts, which showed a tendency for improvement of the effect of resveratrol after complexation. The antimicrobial activity of resveratrol in aqueous dispersion and in the complexes was evaluated on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans strains. The results revealed a twofold decrease in the MIC and stronger inhibition of the metabolic activity of MRSA after treatment with resveratrol in the complexes compared to the suspended drug. Furthermore, the complexes were included in Pluronic hydrogel, which provided efficient drug release and appropriate viscoelastic properties. The formulated hydrogel showed excellent biocompatibility which was confirmed via skin irritation test on rabbits. In conclusion, Pluronic hydrogel containing resveratrol included in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes is a promising topical formulation for further studies directed at wound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubomira Radeva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Yordanov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Spassova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Kovacheva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Maya M. Zaharieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mila Kaleva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar D. Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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8
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Mahanty M, Dutta B, Ou W, Zhu X, Bromberg JS, He X, Rahaman SO. Macrophage microRNA-146a is a central regulator of the foreign body response to biomaterial implants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.588018. [PMID: 38617341 PMCID: PMC11014630 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.588018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Host recognition and immune-mediated foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterials can adversely affect the functionality of implanted materials. To identify key targets underlying the generation of FBR, here we perform analysis of microRNAs (miR) and mRNAs responses to implanted biomaterials. We found that (a) miR-146a levels inversely affect macrophage accumulation, foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation, and fibrosis in a murine implant model; (b) macrophage-derived miR-146a is a crucial regulator of the FBR and FBGC formation, as confirmed by global and cell-specific knockout of miR-146a; (c) miR-146a modulates genes related to inflammation, fibrosis, and mechanosensing; (d) miR-146a modulates tissue stiffness near the implant during FBR; and (e) miR-146a is linked to F-actin production and cellular traction force induction, which are vital for FBGC formation. These novel findings suggest that targeting macrophage miR-146a could be a selective strategy to inhibit FBR, potentially improving the biocompatibility of biomaterials.
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9
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Vecheck AM, McNamee CM, Reijo Pera R, Usselman RJ. Magnetic Field Intervention Enhances Cellular Migration Rates in Biological Scaffolds. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:9. [PMID: 38247887 PMCID: PMC10813414 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of magnetic fields on cellular function is diverse but can be described at least in part by the radical pair mechanism (RPM), where magnetic field intervention alters reactive oxygen species (ROS) populations and downstream cellular signaling. Here, cellular migration within three-dimensional scaffolds was monitored in an applied oscillating 1.4 MHz radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field with an amplitude of 10 µT and a static 50 µT magnetic field. Given that cellular bioenergetics can be altered based on applied RF magnetic fields, this study focused on a magnetic field configuration that increased cellular respiration. Results suggest that RF accelerated cell clustering and elongation after 1 day, with increased levels of clustering and cellular linkage after 7 days. Cell distribution analysis within the scaffolds revealed that the clustering rate during the first day was increased nearly five times in the RF environment. Electron microscopy provided additional topological information and verified the development of fibrous networks, with a cell-derived matrix (CDM) visualized after 7 days in samples maintained in RF. This work demonstrates time-dependent cellular migration that may be influenced by quantum biology (QB) processes and downstream oxidative signaling, enhancing cellular migration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Vecheck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Cameron M. McNamee
- Department of Mathematics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA
| | | | - Robert J. Usselman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
- Computational Research At Florida Tech (CRAFT), Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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10
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Krzysiek-Maczka G, Brzozowski T, Ptak-Belowska A. Helicobacter pylori-activated fibroblasts as a silent partner in gastric cancer development. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1219-1256. [PMID: 37460910 PMCID: PMC10713772 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection of gastric mucosa leading to active chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and MALT lymphoma laid the groundwork for understanding of the general relationship between chronic infection, inflammation, and cancer. Nevertheless, this sequence of events is still far from full understanding with new players and mediators being constantly identified. Originally, the Hp virulence factors affecting mainly gastric epithelium were proposed to contribute considerably to gastric inflammation, ulceration, and cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that Hp possesses the ability to penetrate the mucus layer and directly interact with stroma components including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These cells, which are the source of biophysical and biochemical signals providing the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation within gastric epithelial stem cell compartment, when exposed to Hp, can convert into cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. The crosstalk between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with gastric epithelial cells including stem/progenitor cell niche involves several pathways mediated by non-coding RNAs, Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling ligands. The current review concentrates on the consequences of Hp-induced increase in gastric fibroblast and myofibroblast number, and their activation towards CAFs with the emphasis to the altered communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cell compartment, which may lead to inflammation, epithelial stem cell overproliferation, disturbed differentiation, and gradual gastric cancer development. Thus, Hp-activated fibroblasts may constitute the target for anti-cancer treatment and, importantly, for the pharmacotherapies diminishing their activation particularly at the early stages of Hp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
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11
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Pethő Z, Najder K, Beel S, Fels B, Neumann I, Schimmelpfennig S, Sargin S, Wolters M, Grantins K, Wardelmann E, Mitkovski M, Oeckinghaus A, Schwab A. Acid-base homeostasis orchestrated by NHE1 defines the pancreatic stellate cell phenotype in pancreatic cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170928. [PMID: 37643024 PMCID: PMC10619433 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progresses in an organ with a unique pH landscape, where the stroma acidifies after each meal. We hypothesized that disrupting this pH landscape during PDAC progression triggers pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to induce PDAC fibrosis. We revealed that alkaline environmental pH was sufficient to induce PSC differentiation to a myofibroblastic phenotype. We then mechanistically dissected this finding, focusing on the involvement of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1. Perturbing cellular pH homeostasis by inhibiting NHE1 with cariporide partially altered the myofibroblastic PSC phenotype. To show the relevance of this finding in vivo, we targeted NHE1 in murine PDAC (KPfC). Indeed, tumor fibrosis decreased when mice received the NHE1-inhibitor cariporide in addition to gemcitabine treatment. Moreover, the tumor immune infiltrate shifted from granulocyte rich to more lymphocytic. Taken together, our study provides mechanistic evidence on how the pancreatic pH landscape shapes pancreatic cancer through tuning PSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie Beel
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology II and
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Maria Wolters
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klavs Grantins
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Miso Mitkovski
- City Campus Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Oeckinghaus
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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12
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Louback RDA, Martins-Cardoso K, Tinoco LW, Collino F, de Barros APDN, Fortuna-Costa A, Monteiro RQ, Rossi MID, Lindoso RS. Aspirin Affects MDA-MB-231 Vesicle Production and Their Capacity to Induce Fibroblasts towards a Pro-Invasive State. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12020. [PMID: 37569393 PMCID: PMC10419278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term administration of aspirin (ASA, acetylsalicylic acid) in oncogenic patients has been related to a reduction in cancer risk incidence, but its precise mechanism of action is unclear. The activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is a key element in tumor progression and can be triggered by cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Targeting the communication between cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) may control cancer progression. Our aim was to investigate the effect of ASA on breast cancer cells, focusing on EV secretion and their effect on the biological properties of CAFs. As a result, ASA was shown to reduce the amount and alter the size distribution of EVs produced by MDA-MB-231 tumor cells. Fibroblasts stimulated with EVs derived from MDA-MB-231 treated with ASA (EV-ASA) showed a lower expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) but not fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in respect to the ones stimulated with EVs from untreated breast cancer cells (EV-CTR). Furthermore, invasion assays using a three-dimensional (3D) fibroblast spheroid model showed reduced MDA-MB-231 invasion towards fibroblast spheroids pretreated with EV-ASA as compared to spheroids prepared with EV-CTR-stimulated fibroblasts. This suggests that ASA partially inhibits the ability of tumor EVs to stimulate CAFs to promote cancer invasion. In conclusion, ASA can interfere with tumor communication by reducing EV secretion by breast tumor cells as well as by interfering with their capacity to stimulate fibroblasts to become CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela de Assiz Louback
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, Brazil; (R.d.A.L.); (A.P.D.N.d.B.); (A.F.-C.)
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospiyal, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941913, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (R.Q.M.)
| | - Karina Martins-Cardoso
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (R.Q.M.)
| | - Luzineide W. Tinoco
- Laboratory for Analysis and Development of Enzyme Inhibitors, Natural Products Research Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, Brazil;
| | - Federica Collino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Nephro-Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Paula D. N. de Barros
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, Brazil; (R.d.A.L.); (A.P.D.N.d.B.); (A.F.-C.)
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospiyal, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941913, Brazil
| | - Anneliese Fortuna-Costa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, Brazil; (R.d.A.L.); (A.P.D.N.d.B.); (A.F.-C.)
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospiyal, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941913, Brazil
| | - Robson Q. Monteiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, Brazil; (K.M.-C.); (R.Q.M.)
| | - Maria Isabel Doria Rossi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941590, Brazil; (R.d.A.L.); (A.P.D.N.d.B.); (A.F.-C.)
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospiyal, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941913, Brazil
| | - Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
- National Center of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
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13
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Balestri W, Hickman GJ, Morris RH, Hunt JA, Reinwald Y. Triphasic 3D In Vitro Model of Bone-Tendon-Muscle Interfaces to Study Their Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:313. [PMID: 36672248 PMCID: PMC9856925 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition areas between different tissues, known as tissue interfaces, have limited ability to regenerate after damage, which can lead to incomplete healing. Previous studies focussed on single interfaces, most commonly bone-tendon and bone-cartilage interfaces. Herein, we develop a 3D in vitro model to study the regeneration of the bone-tendon-muscle interface. The 3D model was prepared from collagen and agarose, with different concentrations of hydroxyapatite to graduate the tissues from bones to muscles, resulting in a stiffness gradient. This graduated structure was fabricated using indirect 3D printing to provide biologically relevant surface topographies. MG-63, human dermal fibroblasts, and Sket.4U cells were found suitable cell models for bones, tendons, and muscles, respectively. The biphasic and triphasic hydrogels composing the 3D model were shown to be suitable for cell growth. Cells were co-cultured on the 3D model for over 21 days before assessing cell proliferation, metabolic activity, viability, cytotoxicity, tissue-specific markers, and matrix deposition to determine interface formations. The studies were conducted in a newly developed growth chamber that allowed cell communication while the cell culture media was compartmentalised. The 3D model promoted cell viability, tissue-specific marker expression, and new matrix deposition over 21 days, thereby showing promise for the development of new interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Balestri
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Graham J. Hickman
- Imaging Suite, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - John A. Hunt
- Medical Technologies and Advanced Materials, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Reinwald
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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14
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Benchaprathanphorn K, Sakulaue P, Siriwatwechakul W, Muangman P, Chinaroonchai K, Namviriyachote N, Viravaidya-Pasuwat K. Expansion of fibroblast cell sheets using a modified MEEK micrografting technique for wound healing applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18541. [PMID: 36329229 PMCID: PMC9633782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell sheet engineering, a scaffold-free approach to fabricate functional tissue constructs from several cell monolayers, has shown promise in tissue regeneration and wound healing. Unfortunately, these cell sheets are often too small to provide sufficient wound area coverage. In this study, we describe a process to enlarge cell sheets using MEEK micrografting, a technique extensively used to expand skin autografts for large burn treatments. Human dermal fibroblast cell sheets were placed on MEEK's prefolded gauze without any use of adhesive, cut along the premarked lines and stretched out at various expansion ratios (1:3, 1:6 and 1:9), resulting in regular distribution of many square islands of fibroblasts at a much larger surface area. The cellular processes essential for wound healing, including reattachment, proliferation, and migration, of the fibroblasts on expanded MEEK gauze were superior to those on nylon dressing which served as a control. The optimal expansion ratio with the highest migration rate was 1:6, possibly due to the activation of chemical signals caused by mechanical stretching and an effective intercellular communication distance. Therefore, the combination of cell sheet engineering with the MEEK micrografting technique could provide high quality cells with a large coverage area, which would be particularly beneficial in wound care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokaon Benchaprathanphorn
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
| | - Phongphot Sakulaue
- grid.412434.40000 0004 1937 1127School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Siriwatwechakul
- grid.412434.40000 0004 1937 1127School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Pornprom Muangman
- grid.416009.aTrauma Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - Kusuma Chinaroonchai
- grid.416009.aTrauma Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Namviriyachote
- grid.416009.aTrauma Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Viravaidya-Pasuwat
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand ,grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand ,grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Biological Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
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15
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Zhang M, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhao J, Wang X. The potential of functionalized dressing releasing flavonoids facilitates scar-free healing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:978120. [PMID: 36262272 PMCID: PMC9573991 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.978120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scars are pathological marks left after an injury heals that inflict physical and psychological harm, especially the great threat to development and aesthetics posed by oral and maxillofacial scars. The differential expression of genes such as transforming growth factor-β, local adherent plaque kinase, and yes-related transcriptional regulators at infancy or the oral mucosa is thought to be the reason of scarless regenerative capacity after tissue defects. Currently, tissue engineering products for defect repair frequently overlook the management of postoperative scars, and inhibitors of important genes alone have negative consequences for the organism. Natural flavonoids have hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, which promote wound healing and have anti-scar properties by interfering with the transmission of key signaling pathways involved in scar formation. The combination of flavonoid-rich drug dressings provides a platform for clinical translation of compounds that aid in drug disintegration, prolonged release, and targeted delivery. Therefore, we present a review of the mechanisms and effects of flavonoids in promoting scar-free regeneration and the application of flavonoid-laden dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China,Jing Zhao,
| | - Xing Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Xing Wang,
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16
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Da Costa ADS, Subbiah R, Oh SJ, Jeong H, Na JI, Park K, Choi IS, Shin JH. Fibroblasts Close a Void in Free Space by a Purse-String Mechanism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40522-40534. [PMID: 36036800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which stromal cells fill voids in injured tissue remains a fundamental question in regenerative medicine. While it is well-established that fibroblasts fill voids by depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as they migrate toward the wound site, little is known about their ability to adopt an epithelial-like purse-string behavior. To investigate fibroblast behavior during gap closure, we created an artificial wound with a large void space. We discovered that fibroblasts could form a free-standing bridge over deep microvoids, closing the void via purse-string contraction, a mechanism previously thought to be unique to epithelial wound closure. The findings also revealed that myosin II mediated contractility and intercellular adherent junctions were required for the closure of the fibroblast gap in our fabricated three-dimensional artificial wound. To fulfill their repair function under the specific microenvironmental conditions of wounds, fibroblasts appeared to acquire the structural features of epithelial cells, namely, contractile actin bundles that span over multiple cells along the boundary. These findings shed light on a novel mechanism by which stromal cells bridge the 3D gap during physiological processes such as morphogenesis and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Dos Santos Da Costa
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Subbiah
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Im Na
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwideok Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Suk Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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17
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Quantification of cell contractile behavior based on non-destructive macroscopic measurement of tension forces on bioprinted hydrogel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105365. [PMID: 35863297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Contraction assay based on surface measurement have been widely used to evaluate cell contractility in 3D models. This method is straightforward and requires no specific equipment, but it does not provide quantitative data about contraction forces generated by cells. We expanded this method with a new biomechanical model, based on the work-energy theorem, to provide non-destructive longitudinal monitoring of contraction forces generated by cells in 3D. We applied this method on hydrogels seeded with either fibroblasts or osteoblasts. Hydrogel mechanical characteristics were modulated to enhance (condition HCAHigh: hydrogel contraction assay high contraction) or limit (condition HCALow: hydrogel contraction assay low contraction) cell contractile behaviors. Macroscopic measures were further correlated with cell contractile behavior and descriptive analysis of their physiology in response to different mechanical environments. Fibroblasts and osteoblasts contracted their matrix up to 47% and 77% respectively. Contraction stress peaked at day 5 with 1.1 10-14 Pa for fibroblasts and 3.5 10-14 Pa for osteoblasts, which correlated with cell attachment and spreading. Negligible contraction was seen in HCALow. Both fibroblasts and osteoblasts expressed α-SMA contractile fibers in HCAHigh and HCALow. Failure to contract HCALow was attributed to increased cross-linking and resistance to proteolytic degradation of the hydrogel.
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18
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Saika S, Veldhuis N, Križaj D, Rahaman SO. Editorial: New Insights into Mechanotransduction by Immune Cells in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930362. [PMID: 35669790 PMCID: PMC9164129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Nicholas Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Shaik O. Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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19
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Kumari J, Wagener FADTG, Kouwer PHJ. Novel Synthetic Polymer-Based 3D Contraction Assay: A Versatile Preclinical Research Platform for Fibrosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19212-19225. [PMID: 35468292 PMCID: PMC9073832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The driving factors causing fibrosis and scar formation include fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts and hampered myofibroblast apoptosis, which ultimately results in collagen accumulation and tissue contraction. Currently, only very few drugs are available for fibrosis treatment, and there is an urgent demand for new pharmaceutical products. High-throughput in vitro fibrosis models are necessary to develop such drugs. In this study, we developed such a novel model based on synthetic polyisocyanide (PIC-RGD) hydrogels. The model not only measures contraction but also allows for subsequent molecular and cellular analysis. Fibroblasts were seeded in small (10 μL) PIC-RGD gels in the absence or presence of TGFβ1, the latter to induce myofibroblast differentiation. The contraction model clearly differentiates fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Besides a stronger contraction, we also observed α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) production and higher collagen deposition for the latter. The results were supported by mRNA expression experiments of αSMA, Col1α1, P53, and Ki67. As proof of principle, the effects of FDA-approved antifibrotic drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone were tested in our newly developed fibrosis model. Both drugs clearly reduce myofibroblast-induced contraction. Moreover, both drugs significantly decrease myofibroblast viability. Our low-volume synthetic PIC-RGD hydrogel platform is an attractive tool for high-throughput in vitro antifibrotic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener
- Department
of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- (F.A.D.T.G.W.)
| | - Paul H. J. Kouwer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- (P.H.J.K.)
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20
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A New Hypothetical Concept in Metabolic Understanding of Cardiac Fibrosis: Glycolysis Combined with TGF-β and KLF5 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084302. [PMID: 35457114 PMCID: PMC9027193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibrosis in cardiac tissues is one of the leading causes of heart failure. The principal cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis are activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which serve as the primary source of matrix proteins. TGF-β signaling pathways play a prominent role in cardiac fibrosis. The control of TGF-β by KLF5 in cardiac fibrosis has been demonstrated for modulating cardiovascular remodeling. Since the expression of KLF5 is reduced, the accumulation of fibrosis diminishes. Because the molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still being explored, there are currently few options for effectively reducing or reversing it. Studying metabolic alterations is considered an essential process that supports the explanation of fibrosis in a variety of organs and especially the glycolysis alteration in the heart. However, the interplay among the main factors involved in fibrosis pathogenesis, namely TGF-β, KLF5, and the metabolic process in glycolysis, is still indistinct. In this review, we explain what we know about cardiac fibroblasts and how they could help with heart repair. Moreover, we hypothesize and summarize the knowledge trend on the molecular mechanism of TGF-β, KLF5, the role of the glycolysis pathway in fibrosis, and present the future therapy of cardiac fibrosis. These studies may target therapies that could become important strategies for fibrosis reduction in the future.
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21
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Kadefors M, Rolandsson Enes S, Åhrman E, Michaliková B, Löfdahl A, Dellgren G, Scheding S, Westergren-Thorsson G. CD105 +CD90 +CD13 + identifies a clonogenic subset of adventitial lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24417. [PMID: 34952905 PMCID: PMC8709856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells are important components of specified niches in the lung, and can mediate a wide range of processes including tissue regeneration and repair. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to improper remodeling of tissue as observed in several lung diseases. The mesenchymal cells responsible remain poorly described, partially due to the heterogenic nature of the mesenchymal compartment and the absence of appropriate markers. Here, we describe that CD105+CD90+ mesenchymal cells can be divided into two populations based on their expression of CD13/aminopeptidase N (CD105+CD90+CD13− and CD105+CD90+CD13+). By prospective isolation using FACS, we show that both these populations give rise to clonogenic fibroblast-like cells, but with an increased clonogenic and proliferative capacity of CD105+CD90+CD13+ cells. Transcriptomic and spatial analysis pinpoints an adventitial fibroblast subset as the origin of CD105+CD90+CD13+ clonogenic mesenchymal cells in human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Måns Kadefors
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Emma Åhrman
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Löfdahl
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Goswami R, Arya RK, Sharma S, Dutta B, Stamov DR, Zhu X, Rahaman SO. Mechanosensing by TRPV4 mediates stiffness-induced foreign body response and giant cell formation. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabd4077. [PMID: 34726952 PMCID: PMC9976933 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of biomaterials or devices into soft tissue often leads to the development of the foreign body response (FBR), an inflammatory condition that can cause implant failure, tissue injury, and death of the patient. Macrophages accumulate and fuse to generate destructive foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) at the tissue-implant interface, leading to the development of fibrous scar tissue around the implant that is generated by myofibroblasts. We previously showed that the FBR in vivo and FBGC formation in vitro require transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel. Here, we report that TRPV4 was required specifically for the FBR induced by implant stiffness independently of biochemical cues and for intracellular stiffening that promotes FBGC formation in vitro. TRPV4 deficiency reduced collagen deposition and the accumulation of macrophages, FBGCs, and myofibroblasts at stiff, but not soft, implants in vivo and inhibited macrophage-induced differentiation of wild-type fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in vitro. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that TRPV4 was required for implant-adjacent tissue stiffening in vivo and for cytoskeletal remodeling and intracellular stiffening induced by fusogenic cytokines in vitro. Together, these data suggest a mechanism whereby a reciprocal functional interaction between TRPV4 and substrate stiffness leads to cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular force generation to promote FBGC formation during the FBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishov Goswami
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Arya
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bidisha Dutta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Dimitar R. Stamov
- JPK BioAFM Business, Nano Surfaces Division, Bruker Nano GmbH, Am Studio 2D, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shaik O. Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Corresponding author.:
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23
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Chou KC, Chen CT, Cherng JH, Li MC, Wen CC, Hu SI, Wang YW. Cutaneous Regeneration Mechanism of β-Sheet Silk Fibroin in a Rat Burn Wound Healing Model. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3537. [PMID: 34685296 PMCID: PMC8537970 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic dressings to enhance burn wound repair and regeneration are required. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein, induces cell migration and serves as a biomaterial in various dressings. SF dressings usually contain α-helices and β-sheets. The former has been confirmed to improve cell proliferation and migration, but the wound healing effect and related mechanisms of β-sheet SF remain unclear. We investigated the effects of β-sheet SF in vivo and in vitro. Alcohol-treated α-helix SF transformed into the β-sheet form, which promoted granulation formation and re-epithelialization when applied as lyophilized SF dressing (LSFD) in a rat burn model. Our in vitro results showed that β-sheet SF increased human dermal fibroblast (HDF) migration and promoted the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (fibronectin and type III collagen), matrix metalloproteinase-12, and the cell adhesion molecule, integrin β1, in rat granulation tissue and HDFs. This confirms the role of crosstalk between integrin β1 and ECM proteins in cell migration. In summary, we demonstrated that β-sheet SF facilitates tissue regeneration by modulating cell adhesion molecules in dermal fibroblasts. LSFD could find clinical application for burn wound regeneration. Moreover, β-sheet SF could be combined with anti-inflammatory materials, growth factors, or antibiotics to develop novel dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chieh Chou
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Ting Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Hong Cherng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Cheng Wen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (S.-I.H.)
| | - Sheng-I Hu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (S.-I.H.)
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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24
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Matera DL, Lee AT, Hiraki HL, Baker BM. The Role of Rho GTPases During Fibroblast Spreading, Migration, and Myofibroblast Differentiation in 3D Synthetic Fibrous Matrices. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:381-396. [PMID: 34777599 PMCID: PMC8548490 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Connective tissue repair and mechanosensing are tightly entwined in vivo and occur within a complex three-dimensional (3D), fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM). Typically driven by activated fibroblasts, wound repair involves well-defined steps of cell spreading, migration, proliferation, and fibrous ECM deposition. While the role of Rho GTPases in regulating these processes has been explored extensively in two-dimensional cell culture models, much less is known about their role in more physiologic, 3D environments. METHODS We employed a 3D, fibrous and protease-sensitive hydrogel model of interstitial ECM to study the interplay between Rho GTPases and fibrous matrix cues in fibroblasts during wound healing. RESULTS Modulating fiber density within protease-sensitive hydrogels, we confirmed previous findings that heightened fiber density promotes fibroblast spreading and proliferation. The presence of matrix fibers furthermore corresponded to increased cell migration speeds and macroscopic hydrogel contraction arising from fibroblast generated forces. During fibroblast spreading, Rac1 and RhoA GTPase activity proved crucial for fiber-mediated cell spreading and contact guidance along matrix fibers, while Cdc42 was dispensable. In contrast, interplay between RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 contributed to fiber-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and matrix contraction over longer time scales. CONCLUSION These observations may provide insights into tissue repair processes in vivo and motivate the incorporation of cell-adhesive fibers within synthetic hydrogels for material-guided wound repair strategies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00698-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Matera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Alexander T. Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Harrison L. Hiraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2174 Lurie BME Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2174 Lurie BME Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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25
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Lawson-Keister E, Manning ML. Jamming and arrest of cell motion in biological tissues. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:146-155. [PMID: 34461581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell motility is crucial to many biological processes including morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Recently, the biology and biophysics communities have begun to use the term 'cell jamming' to describe the collective arrest of cell motion in tissues. Although this term is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are varied. In this review, we highlight three independent mechanisms that can potentially drive arrest of cell motion - crowding, tension-driven rigidity, and reduction of fluctuations - and propose a framework that connects all three. Because multiple mechanisms may be operating simultaneously, this emphasizes that experiments should strive to identify which mechanism dominates in a given situation. We also discuss how specific cell-scale and molecular-scale biological processes, such as cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, control aspects of these underlying physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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26
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Narasimhan BN, Horrocks MS, Malmström J. Hydrogels with Tunable Physical Cues and Their Emerging Roles in Studies of Cellular Mechanotransduction. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Badri Narayanan Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Matthew S. Horrocks
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
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27
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Kim K, Mahajan A, Patel K, Syed S, Acevedo‐Jake AM, Kumar VA. Materials and Cytokines in the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KaKyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Aryan Mahajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Kamiya Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Shareef Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Amanda M. Acevedo‐Jake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Vivek A. Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
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28
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Franklin RA. Fibroblasts and macrophages: Collaborators in tissue homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:86-103. [PMID: 34101202 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts and macrophages are universal cell types across all mammalian tissues. These cells differ in many ways including their cellular origins; dynamics of renewal, recruitment, and motility within tissues; roles in tissue structure and secretion of signaling molecules; and contributions to the activation and progression of immune responses. However, many of the features that make these two cell types unique are not opposing, but instead complementary. This review will present cell-cell communication in this context and discuss how complementarity makes fibroblasts and macrophages highly compatible partners in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Franklin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Pinheiro MJF, Costa JP, Marques F, Mira NP, Carvalho MFNN, Alves MM. Bioactive Coatings with Ag-Camphorimine Complexes to Prevent Surface Colonization by the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060638. [PMID: 34073375 PMCID: PMC8227220 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently there is a gap between the rate of new antifungal development and the emergence of resistance among Candida clinical strains, particularly threatened by the extreme adhesiveness of C. albicans to indwelling medical devices. Two silver camphorimine complexes, [Ag(OH){OC10H14N(C6H4)2NC10H14O}] (compound P) and [{Ag(OC10H14NC6H4CH3-p)}2(μ-O)] (compound Q), are herein demonstrated as having high inhibiting activity towards the growth of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata clinical strains resistant to azoles, the frontline antifungals used in clinical practice. Compounds P and Q were also explored as bioactive coatings to prevent colonization by C. albicans and colonize the surface of indwelling medical devices, resulting in persistent infections. Functionalization of stainless steel with polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix embedded with compounds P or Q was reported for the first time to inhibit the colonization of C. albicans by 82% and 75%, respectively. The coating of PCL loaded with Q or P did not cause cytotoxic effects in mammalian cells, demonstrating the biocompatibility of the explored approach. The identification and further exploration of new approaches for surface engineering based on new molecules that can sensitize resistant strains, as herein demonstrated for complexes P and Q, is a significant step forward to improve the successful treatment of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Joana F. Pinheiro
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Joana P. Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (CTN), Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;
| | - Nuno P. Mira
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.P.M.); (M.F.N.N.C.); (M.M.A.)
| | - M. Fernanda N. N. Carvalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.P.M.); (M.F.N.N.C.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Marta M. Alves
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.P.M.); (M.F.N.N.C.); (M.M.A.)
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30
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Suter N, Joshi A, Wunsch T, Graupner N, Stapelfeldt K, Radmacher M, Müssig J, Brüggemann D. Self-assembled fibrinogen nanofibers support fibroblast adhesion and prevent E. coli infiltration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112156. [PMID: 34082961 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen nanofibers hold great potential for wound healing applications since they mimic the native blood clot architecture and offer important binding sites to support fibroblast adhesion and migration. Recently, we introduced a new method of salt-induced self-assembly to prepare nanofibrous fibrinogen scaffolds. Here, we present our results on the mechanical properties of these scaffolds and their interaction with 3T3 fibroblasts and E. coli bacteria, which we used as model systems for wound healing. Hydrated, nanofibrous fibrinogen scaffolds showed a Young's modulus of 1.3 MPa, which is close to the range of native fibrin. 3T3 fibroblasts adhered and proliferated well on nanofibrous and planar fibrinogen up to 72 h with a less pronounced actin cytoskeleton on nanofibers in comparison to planar fibrinogen. Fibroblasts on nanofibers were smaller with many short filopodia while larger cells with few long filopodia were found on planar fibrinogen. Live cell tracking revealed higher migration velocities on nanofibers in comparison to planar fibrinogen. The growth of E. coli bacteria on nanofibrous fibrinogen was significantly reduced as compared to agar controls with no bacteria migrating through the nanofibers. In summary, we conclude that self-assembled fibrinogen nanofibers could become highly attractive as future scaffolds for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiana Suter
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Arundhati Joshi
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Timo Wunsch
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nina Graupner
- The Biological Materials Group, Biomimetics-Innovation-Centre, HSB - City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Karsten Stapelfeldt
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jörg Müssig
- The Biological Materials Group, Biomimetics-Innovation-Centre, HSB - City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Brüggemann
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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31
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Ilieva Y, Dimitrova L, Zaharieva MM, Kaleva M, Alov P, Tsakovska I, Pencheva T, Pencheva-El Tibi I, Najdenski H, Pajeva I. Cytotoxicity and Microbicidal Activity of Commonly Used Organic Solvents: A Comparative Study and Application to a Standardized Extract from Vaccinium macrocarpon. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050092. [PMID: 33919268 PMCID: PMC8143291 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity and microbicidal capacity of seven organic solvents commonly applied for studying plant extracts and bioactive compounds were systematically investigated based on international standards. Four cell lines of normal (CCL-1, HaCaT) or tumor (A-375, A-431) tissue origin, seven bacterial and one fungal strain were used. The impact of the least toxic solvents in the determination of in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using a standardized extract from Vaccinium macrocarpon containing 54.2% v/v proanthocyanidins (CystiCran®). The solvents ethanol, methoxyethanol and polyethylene glycol were the least cytotoxic to all cell lines, with a maximum tolerated concentration (MTC) between 1 and 2% v/v. Ethanol, methanol and polyethylene glycol were mostly suitable for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≥ 25% v/v. The MTC values of the solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethoxyethane and dimethylformamide varied from 0.03% to 1.09% v/v. The MICs of dimethyl sulfoxide, methoxyethanol and dimethoxyethane were in the range of 3.125–25% v/v. The cytotoxic effects of CystiCran® on eukaryotic cell lines were directly proportional to the superimposed effect of the solvents used. The results of this study can be useful for selecting the appropriate solvents for in vitro estimation of the cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of bioactive molecules in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Ilieva
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.I.); (L.D.); (M.M.Z.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Lyudmila Dimitrova
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.I.); (L.D.); (M.M.Z.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Maya Margaritova Zaharieva
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.I.); (L.D.); (M.M.Z.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Mila Kaleva
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.I.); (L.D.); (M.M.Z.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Petko Alov
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (I.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (I.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Tania Pencheva
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (I.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Ivanka Pencheva-El Tibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.I.); (L.D.); (M.M.Z.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (I.T.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-(92)-9793605
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Hemkemeyer SA, Vollmer V, Schwarz V, Lohmann B, Honnert U, Taha M, Schnittler HJ, Bähler M. Local Myo9b RhoGAP activity regulates cell motility. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100136. [PMID: 33268376 PMCID: PMC7949024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To migrate, cells assume a polarized morphology, extending forward with a leading edge with their trailing edge retracting back toward the cell body. Both cell extension and retraction critically depend on the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, and the small, monomeric GTPases Rac and Rho are important regulators of actin. Activation of Rac induces actin polymerization and cell extension, whereas activation of Rho enhances acto-myosin II contractility and cell retraction. To coordinate migration, these processes must be carefully regulated. The myosin Myo9b, a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP), negatively regulates Rho activity and deletion of Myo9b in leukocytes impairs cell migration through increased Rho activity. However, it is not known whether cell motility is regulated by global or local inhibition of Rho activity by Myo9b. Here, we addressed this question by using Myo9b-deficient macrophage-like cells that expressed different recombinant Myo9b constructs. We found that Myo9b accumulates in lamellipodial extensions generated by Rac-induced actin polymerization as a function of its motor activity. Deletion of Myo9b in HL-60-derived macrophages altered cell morphology and impaired cell migration. Reintroduction of Myo9b or Myo9b motor and GAP mutants revealed that local GAP activity rescues cell morphology and migration. In summary, Rac activation leads to actin polymerization and recruitment of Myo9b, which locally inhibits Rho activity to enhance directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Hemkemeyer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Veith Vollmer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Lohmann
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Honnert
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Muna Taha
- Institute of Anatomy & Vascular Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy & Vascular Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Jelinek D, Zhang ER, Ambrus A, Haley E, Guinn E, Vo A, Le P, Kesaf AE, Nguyen J, Guo L, Frederick D, Sun Z, Guo N, Sevier P, Bilotta E, Atai K, Voisin L, Coller HA. A Mouse Model to Investigate the Role of Cancer-associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Growth. J Vis Exp 2020:10.3791/61883. [PMID: 33427239 PMCID: PMC8238354 DOI: 10.3791/61883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can play an important role in tumor growth by creating a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Models to study the role of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment can be helpful for understanding the functional importance of fibroblasts, fibroblasts from different tissues, and specific genetic factors in fibroblasts. Mouse models are essential for understanding the contributors to tumor growth and progression in an in vivo context. Here, a protocol in which cancer cells are mixed with fibroblasts and introduced into mice to develop tumors is provided. Tumor sizes over time and final tumor weights are determined and compared among groups. The protocol described can provide more insight into the functional role of CAFs in tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jelinek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Ellen Ran Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University
| | - Aaron Ambrus
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Erin Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University
| | - Emily Guinn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Austin Vo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Peter Le
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Ayse Elif Kesaf
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jennifer Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lily Guo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Destiny Frederick
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Zhengyang Sun
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Natalie Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University
| | - Parker Sevier
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Eric Bilotta
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Kaiser Atai
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Laurent Voisin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles;
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D'Urso M, Kurniawan NA. Mechanical and Physical Regulation of Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Transition: From Cellular Mechanoresponse to Tissue Pathology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:609653. [PMID: 33425874 PMCID: PMC7793682 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.609653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are cells present throughout the human body that are primarily responsible for the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tissues. They have the capability to modify the mechanical properties of the ECM within the tissue and transition into myofibroblasts, a cell type that is associated with the development of fibrotic tissue through an acute increase of cell density and protein deposition. This transition from fibroblast to myofibroblast-a well-known cellular hallmark of the pathological state of tissues-and the environmental stimuli that can induce this transition have received a lot of attention, for example in the contexts of asthma and cardiac fibrosis. Recent efforts in understanding how cells sense their physical environment at the micro- and nano-scales have ushered in a new appreciation that the substrates on which the cells adhere provide not only passive influence, but also active stimulus that can affect fibroblast activation. These studies suggest that mechanical interactions at the cell-substrate interface play a key role in regulating this phenotype transition by changing the mechanical and morphological properties of the cells. Here, we briefly summarize the reported chemical and physical cues regulating fibroblast phenotype. We then argue that a better understanding of how cells mechanically interact with the substrate (mechanosensing) and how this influences cell behaviors (mechanotransduction) using well-defined platforms that decouple the physical stimuli from the chemical ones can provide a powerful tool to control the balance between physiological tissue regeneration and pathological fibrotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko D'Urso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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35
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Dutta B, Goswami R, Rahaman SO. TRPV4 Plays a Role in Matrix Stiffness-Induced Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570195. [PMID: 33381111 PMCID: PMC7767862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic polarization of macrophages is deemed essential in innate immunity and various pathophysiological conditions. We have now determined key aspects of the molecular mechanism by which mechanical cues regulate macrophage polarization. We show that Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel, mediates substrate stiffness-induced macrophage polarization. Using atomic force microscopy, we showed that genetic ablation of TRPV4 function abrogated fibrosis-induced matrix stiffness generation in skin tissues. We have determined that stiffer skin tissue promotes the M1 macrophage subtype in a TRPV4-dependent manner; soft tissue does not. These findings were further validated by our in vitro results which showed that stiff matrix (50 kPa) alone increased expression of macrophage M1 markers in a TRPV4-dependent manner, and this response was further augmented by the addition of soluble factors; neither of which occurred with soft matrix (1 kPa). A direct requirement for TRPV4 in M1 macrophage polarization spectrum in response to increased stiffness was evident from results of gain-of-function assays, where reintroduction of TRPV4 significantly upregulated the expression of M1 markers in TRPV4 KO macrophages. Together, these data provide new insights regarding the role of TRPV4 in matrix stiffness-induced macrophage polarization spectrum that may be explored in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Dutta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rishov Goswami
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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36
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Yang J, Pan X, Wang L, Yu G. Alveolar cells under mechanical stressed niche: critical contributors to pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Med 2020; 26:95. [PMID: 33054759 PMCID: PMC7556585 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis arises from the repeated epithelial mild injuries and insufficient repair lead to over activation of fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which result in a mechanical stretched niche. However, increasing mechanical stress likely exists before the establishment of fibrosis since early micro injuries increase local vascular permeability and prompt cytoskeletal remodeling which alter cellular mechanical forces. It is noteworthy that COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxemia will receive mechanical ventilation as supportive treatment and subsequent pathology studies indicate lung fibrosis pattern. At advanced stages, mechanical stress originates mainly from the stiff matrix since boundaries between stiff and compliant parts of the tissue could generate mechanical stress. Therefore, mechanical stress has a significant role in the whole development process of pulmonary fibrosis. The alveoli are covered by abundant capillaries and function as the main gas exchange unit. Constantly subject to variety of damages, the alveolar epithelium injuries were recently recognized to play a vital role in the onset and development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding the effects of mechanical stress on the fundamental cells constituting the alveoli in the process of pulmonary fibrosis, particularly on epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages and stem cells. Finally, we briefly review this issue from a more comprehensive perspective: the metabolic and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Outstanding Overseas Scientists Center for Pulmonary Fibrosis of Henan Province, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Outstanding Overseas Scientists Center for Pulmonary Fibrosis of Henan Province, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Outstanding Overseas Scientists Center for Pulmonary Fibrosis of Henan Province, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Outstanding Overseas Scientists Center for Pulmonary Fibrosis of Henan Province, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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37
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Kvick M, Tasiopoulos CP, Barth A, Söderberg LD, Lundell F, Hedhammar M. Cyclic Expansion/Compression of the Air-Liquid Interface as a Simple Method to Produce Silk Fibers. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000227. [PMID: 33016002 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of recombinant spider silk protein at air-liquid interfaces is used as a starting point to produce homogeneous fiber bundles. The film that is formed on a silk protein solution in a vertically placed syringe is subjected to repeated controlled extension and compression by an oscillating vertical motion. Thereby, a precise breakup of the film can be achieved, followed by transport and roll-up against the syringe wall prior to extraction. Advantages of the method are that it 1) is simple to use; 2) requires a small volume of protein solution (1 mL) at relatively low concentration (1 mg mL-1 ); 3) can be performed under sterile conditions; 4) does not require any use of coagulants; and 5) is compatible with the addition of viable cells during the process, which thereby are integrated uniformly throughout the fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos P Tasiopoulos
- Institute of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Lars Daniel Söderberg
- Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lundell
- Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Institute of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
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38
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Thomas TP, Grisanti LA. The Dynamic Interplay Between Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:529075. [PMID: 33041853 PMCID: PMC7522448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.529075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide. While there are multiple etiologies contributing to the development of heart failure, all cause result in impairments in cardiac function that is characterized by changes in cardiac remodeling and compliance. Fibrosis is associated with nearly all forms of heart failure and is an important contributor to disease pathogenesis. Inflammation also plays a critical role in the heart and there is a large degree of interconnectedness between the inflammatory and fibrotic response. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to inflammation and fibrosis and the interplay between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby P Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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39
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Pavlou G, Touquet B, Vigetti L, Renesto P, Bougdour A, Debarre D, Balland M, Tardieux I. Coupling Polar Adhesion with Traction, Spring, and Torque Forces Allows High-Speed Helical Migration of the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7121-7139. [PMID: 32432851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the eukaryotic cells that navigate through fully developed metazoan tissues, protozoans from the Apicomplexa phylum have evolved motile developmental stages that move much faster than the fastest crawling cells owing to a peculiar substrate-dependent type of motility, known as gliding. Best-studied models are the Plasmodium sporozoite and the Toxoplasma tachyzoite polarized cells for which motility is vital to achieve their developmental programs in the metazoan hosts. The gliding machinery is shared between the two parasites and is largely characterized. Localized beneath the cell surface, it includes actin filaments, unconventional myosin motors housed within a multimember glideosome unit, and apically secreted transmembrane adhesins. In contrast, less is known about the force mechanisms powering cell movement. Pioneered biophysical studies on the sporozoite and phenotypic analysis of tachyzoite actin-related mutants have added complexity to the general view that force production for parasite forward movement directly results from the myosin-driven rearward motion of the actin-coupled adhesion sites. Here, we have interrogated how forces and substrate adhesion-de-adhesion cycles operate and coordinate to allow the typical left-handed helical gliding mode of the tachyzoite. By combining quantitative traction force and reflection interference microscopy with micropatterning and expansion microscopy, we unveil at the millisecond and nanometer scales the integration of a critical apical anchoring adhesion with specific traction and spring-like forces. We propose that the acto-myoA motor directs the traction force which allows transient energy storage by the microtubule cytoskeleton and therefore sets the thrust force required for T. gondii tachyzoite vital helical gliding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pavlou
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Membrane Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Bastien Touquet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Membrane Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Luis Vigetti
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Membrane Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Renesto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Membrane Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 - UGA CNRS, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Bougdour
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Host-Pathogen Interactions & Immunity to Infections, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Debarre
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS, 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38402, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS, 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38402, France
| | - Isabelle Tardieux
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Membrane Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
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40
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Yaginuma T, Kushiro K, Takai M. Unique Cancer Migratory Behaviors in Confined Spaces of Microgroove Topography with Acute Wall Angles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6110. [PMID: 32273556 PMCID: PMC7145876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many types of micro-engineered platform have been fabricated to investigate the influences of surrounding microenvironments on cell migration. Previous researches demonstrated that microgroove-based topographies can influence cell motilities of normal and cancerous cells differently. In this study, the microgroove wall angle was altered from obtuse to acute angles and the resulting differences in the responses of normal and cancer cells were investigated to explore the geometrical characteristics that can efficiently distinguish normal and cancer cells. Interestingly, different trends in cell motilities of normal and cancer cells were observed as the wall angles were varied between 60–120°, and in particular, invasive cancer cells exhibited a unique, oscillatory migratory behavior. Results from the immunostaining of cell mechanotransduction components suggested that this difference stemmed from directional extensions and adhesion behaviors of each cell type. In addition, the specific behaviors of invasive cancer cells were found to be dependent on the myosin II activity, and modulating the activity could revert cancerous behaviors to normal ones. These novel findings on the interactions of acute angle walls and cancer cell migration provide a new perspective on cancer metastasis and additional strategies via microstructure geometries for the manipulations of cell behaviors in microscale biodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yaginuma
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kushiro
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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41
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Role of macrophage TRPV4 in inflammation. J Transl Med 2020; 100:178-185. [PMID: 31645630 PMCID: PMC7261496 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor ion channels have emerged as immensely important channels/receptors in diverse physiological and pathological responses. Of particular interest is the transient receptor potential channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), which is a polymodal, nonselective, calcium-permeant cation channel, and is activated by both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Both neuronal and nonneuronal cells express functional TRPV4, which is responsive to a variety of biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. Emerging discoveries have advanced our understanding of the role of macrophage TRPV4 in numerous inflammatory diseases. In lung injury, TRPV4 mediates macrophage phagocytosis, secretion of pro-resolution cytokines, and generation of reactive oxygen species. TRPV4 regulates lipid-laden macrophage foam cell formation, the hallmark of atheroinflammatory conditions, in response to matrix stiffness and lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Accumulating data also point to a role of macrophage TRPV4 in the pathogenesis of the foreign body response, a chronic inflammatory condition, through the formation of foreign body giant cells. Deletion of TRPV4 in macrophages suppresses the allergic and nonallergic itch in a mouse model, suggesting a role of TRPV4 in skin disease. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the role of macrophage TRPV4 in various inflammatory conditions.
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42
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The life cycle of cancer-associated fibroblasts within the tumour stroma and its importance in disease outcome. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:931-942. [PMID: 31992854 PMCID: PMC7109057 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) determines vital aspects of tumour development, such as tumour growth, metastases and response to therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundant and extremely influential in this process and interact with cellular and matrix TME constituents such as endothelial and immune cells and collagens, fibronectin and elastin, respectively. However, CAFs are also the recipients of signals—both chemical and physical—that are generated by the TME, and their phenotype effectively evolves alongside the tumour mass during tumour progression. Amid a rising clinical interest in CAFs as a crucial force for disease progression, this review aims to contextualise the CAF phenotype using the chronological framework of the CAF life cycle within the evolving tumour stroma, ranging from quiescent fibroblasts to highly proliferative and secretory CAFs. The emergence, properties and clinical implications of CAF activation are discussed, as well as research strategies used to characterise CAFs and current clinical efforts to alter CAF function as a therapeutic strategy.
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Sung TJ, Wang YY, Liu KL, Chou CH, Lai PS, Hsieh CW. Pholiota nameko Polysaccharides Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration and Reduces ROS Content in H 2O 2-Induced L929 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010065. [PMID: 31936888 PMCID: PMC7022505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pholiota nameko, a type of edible and medicinal fungus, is currently grown extensively for food and traditional medicine in China and Japan. It possesses various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia and antitumor activities. However, P. nameko has rarely been discussed in the field of dermatology; identifying its biological activities could be beneficial in development of a new natural ingredient used in wound care. To evaluate its in vitro wound healing activities, the present study assessed the antioxidant and anti-collagenase activities of P. nameko polysaccharides (PNPs) prepared through fractional precipitation (40%, 60% and 80% (v/v)); the assessments were conducted using reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate and collagenase activity assays. The ability of PNPs to facilitate L929 fibroblast cell proliferation and migration was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and scratch assays. The findings indicated that, among all fractions, PNP-80 showed the best antioxidant and anti-collagenase activity, as measured by their reducing power (IC50 of PNP-80 was 2.43 ± 0.17 mg/mL), the hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC50 of PNP-80 was 2.74 ± 0.11 mg/mL) and collagenase activity assay, and significantly reduced cellular ROS content, compared with that of H2O2-induced L929 cells. Moreover, PNP-80 significantly promoted L929 fibroblast proliferation and migration, compared with the control group. Overall, we suggested that PNP-80 could be a promising candidate for further evaluation of its potential application on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (T.-J.S.); (Y.-Y.W.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (T.-J.S.); (Y.-Y.W.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Kai-Lun Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (T.-J.S.); (Y.-Y.W.); (K.-L.L.)
| | - Chun-Hsu Chou
- Dr. Jou Biotech Co., Ltd., No.21, Lugong S. 2nd Rd., Lukang Township, Changhua Country 505, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (T.-J.S.); (Y.-Y.W.); (K.-L.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2284-0385 (ext. 5031); Fax: +886-4-2287-6211
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Xie H, Su D, Zhang J, Ji D, Mao J, Hao M, Wang Q, Yu M, Mao C, Lu T. Raw and vinegar processed Curcuma wenyujin regulates hepatic fibrosis via bloking TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and up-regulation of MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:111768. [PMID: 30849507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. (CW), a variety of Curumae Rhizoma, which documented in China Pharmacopeia, has long been used as plant medicine for its traditional effect on promoting Qi, activating blood stagnation and expelling blood stasis. Nowadays, it is often used in clinic for extraordinary effect on liver diseases. It is worthy to be noted that CW processed with vinegar has been applied in clinic for 1500 years which started in the northern and southern dynasties. AIM OF STUDY Liver fibrosis is a worldwide clinical issue. It is worth developing a multi-target and multicellular approach which is high efficiency and low side effects for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. The anti-hepatic fibrosis molecular mechanisms of CW and vinegar Curcuma wenyujin (VCW) need to be explored and elucidated. Furthermore, the study aimed to discuss the efficiency and mechanism differences between CW and VCW in hepatic fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Biochemical assays and histopathology were adopted to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of CW and VCW. The TGF-β/Smad signaling involving TGF-β1, TGF-βRⅠ, TGF-βRⅡ and Smad2, Smad3, Smad7 in fibrosis is examined, which is a critical step towards the evaluation of anti-hepatic fibrosis agents. Meanwhile, the MMP/TIMP balance is a potential therapy target by modulating extracellular matrix, which is also examined. Both CW and VCW inhibit the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and induce apoptosis via blocking TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Additionally, the level of MMP-2/TIMP-1 regulated significantly, which suggest CW and VCW participate in the degradation process, and maintain the formation and production of extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Raw and vinegar processed Curcuma wenyujin regulates hepatic fibrosis via bloking TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and up-regulation of MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio. And VCW has more exhibition than CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - De Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiaohan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengting Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Wagner K, Girardo S, Goswami R, Rosso G, Ulbricht E, Müller P, Soteriou D, Träber N, Guck J. Colloidal crystals of compliant microgel beads to study cell migration and mechanosensitivity in 3D. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9776-9787. [PMID: 31742293 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are defined not only by their biochemical composition, but also by their distinct mechanical properties. It is now widely accepted that cells sense their mechanical environment and respond to it. However, studying the effects of mechanics in in vitro 3D environments is challenging since current 3D hydrogel assays convolve mechanics with gel porosity and adhesion. Here, we present novel colloidal crystals as modular 3D scaffolds where these parameters are principally decoupled by using monodisperse, protein-coated PAAm microgel beads as building blocks, so that variable stiffness regions can be achieved within one 3D colloidal crystal. Characterization of the colloidal crystal and oxygen diffusion simulations suggested the suitability of the scaffold to support cell survival and growth. This was confirmed by live-cell imaging and fibroblast culture over a period of four days. Moreover, we demonstrate unambiguous durotactic fibroblast migration and mechanosensitive neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons in 3D. This modular approach of assembling 3D scaffolds from mechanically and biochemically well-defined building blocks allows the spatial patterning of stiffness decoupled from porosity and adhesion sites in principle and provides a platform to investigate mechanosensitivity in 3D environments approximating tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wagner
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Bigaeva E, Gore E, Simon E, Zwick M, Oldenburger A, de Jong KP, Hofker HS, Schlepütz M, Nicklin P, Boersema M, Rippmann JF, Olinga P. Transcriptomic characterization of culture-associated changes in murine and human precision-cut tissue slices. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3549-3583. [PMID: 31754732 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of complex pathological mechanisms underlying organ fibrosis is predominantly derived from animal studies. However, relevance of animal models for human disease is limited; therefore, an ex vivo model of human precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) might become an indispensable tool in fibrosis research and drug development by bridging the animal-human translational gap. This study, presented as two parts, provides comprehensive characterization of the dynamic transcriptional changes in PCTS during culture by RNA sequencing. Part I investigates the differences in culture-induced responses in murine and human PCTS derived from healthy liver, kidney and gut. Part II delineates the molecular processes in cultured human PCTS generated from diseased liver, kidney and ileum. We demonstrated that culture was associated with extensive transcriptional changes and impacted PCTS in a universal way across the organs and two species by triggering an inflammatory response and fibrosis-related extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. All PCTS shared mRNA upregulation of IL-11 and ECM-degrading enzymes MMP3 and MMP10. Slice preparation and culturing activated numerous pathways across all PCTS, especially those involved in inflammation (IL-6, IL-8 and HMGB1 signalling) and tissue remodelling (osteoarthritis pathway and integrin signalling). Despite the converging effects of culture, PCTS display species-, organ- and pathology-specific differences in the regulation of genes and canonical pathways. The underlying pathology in human diseased PCTS endures and influences biological processes like cytokine release. Our study reinforces the use of PCTS as an ex vivo fibrosis model and supports future studies towards its validation as a preclinical tool for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Bigaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Emilia Gore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Simon
- Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthias Zwick
- Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Anouk Oldenburger
- Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Koert P de Jong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik S Hofker
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Schlepütz
- Respiratory Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Paul Nicklin
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Miriam Boersema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg F Rippmann
- Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands.
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47
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Hou JC, Shamsan GA, Anderson SM, McMahon MM, Tyler LP, Castle BT, Heussner RK, Provenzano PP, Keefe DF, Barocas VH, Odde DJ. Modeling distributed forces within cell adhesions of varying size on continuous substrates. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:571-585. [PMID: 31512404 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration and traction are essential to many biological phenomena, and one of their key features is sensitivity to substrate stiffness, which biophysical models, such as the motor-clutch model and the cell migration simulator can predict and explain. However, these models have not accounted for the finite size of adhesions, the spatial distribution of forces within adhesions. Here, we derive an expression that relates varying adhesion radius ( R) and spatial distribution of force within an adhesion (described by s) to the effective substrate stiffness ( κsub ), as a function of the Young's modulus of the substrate ( E Y ), which yields the relation, κ sub = R s E Y , for two-dimensional cell cultures. Experimentally, we found that a cone-shaped force distribution ( s = 1.05) can describe the observed displacements of hydrogels deformed by adherent U251 glioma cells. Also, we found that the experimentally observed adhesion radius increases linearly with the cell protrusion force, consistent with the predictions of the motor-clutch model with spatially distributed clutches. We also found that, theoretically, the influence of one protrusion on another through a continuous elastic environment is negligible. Overall, we conclude cells can potentially control their own interpretation of the mechanics of the environment by controlling adhesion size and spatial distribution of forces within an adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ghaidan A Shamsan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sarah M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mariah M McMahon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Liam P Tyler
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian T Castle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rachel K Heussner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel F Keefe
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Victor H Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Esposito D, Overall J, Grace MH, Komarnytsky S, Lila MA. Alaskan Berry Extracts Promote Dermal Wound Repair Through Modulation of Bioenergetics and Integrin Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1058. [PMID: 31611784 PMCID: PMC6776586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various wild berry species endemic to Alaska and the circumpolar North that exhibit unique medicinal properties have long been appreciated by indigenous Arctic communities. Traditional use of Alaskan berry preparations in the treatment of skin wounds is recorded but has not been scientifically evaluated. Alaskan wild berries feature diverse phytochemical compositions that contain a variety of bioactive polyphenols exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making them ideal for wound healing interventions and natural anti-aging cosmeceutical formulations. Given increasing interest in identifying biologically active plant constituents for wound care and cosmeceutical applications, the objective of this study was to screen several wild berry species endemic to Alaska and the circumpolar Artic for wound healing and in the crude, polyphenol-enriched, and further fractionated extracts of: Empetrum nigrum (crowberry), Vaccinium uliginosum (bog blueberry), and V. vitis-idaea (low-bush cranberry or lingonberry). A cell migration assay with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) was performed to model promotion of wound closure, revealing that bog blueberry extract most actively promoted migration, whereas divergent effects observed with other berry extracts were related to compositional disparities. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response variables measured in RAW 264.7 macrophages [reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO production, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression] were suppressed by most extracts/fractions, but especially bog blueberry and proanthocyanidin (PAC) fractions. Wild berry germplasm contained abundant complex flavonoid structures such as PAC and anthocyanins (ANCs), associated with enhanced repair and inflammatory resolution in these models. Next, underlying mechanisms by which PACs and bioactive metabolites (B2 dimer and epicatechin) could influence wound repair and tissue regeneration were examined. PAC metabolites promoted scratch-wound closure and appeared to exert the highest impacts on early stages of wound healing through stimulating mitochondrial bioenergetics (basal respiration, ATP production, and maximum respiratory capacity) and upregulating expression of important extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (integrin-ß1 and collagen type I α2 chain). Targeting cellular bioenergetics and integrin-mediated cell–ECM signaling with bioactives from Alaskan wild berries shows considerable therapeutic promise to treat chronic skin wounds and inflammatory skin disorders, as well as more generally to support regenerative healing responses and restore function in a variety of tissue and organ settings after injury or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Esposito
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.,Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - John Overall
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mary H Grace
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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49
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Silvestre JG, Baptista IL, Silva WJ, Cruz A, Silva MT, Miyabara EH, Labeit S, Moriscot AS. The E3 ligase MuRF2 plays a key role in the functional capacity of skeletal muscle fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8551. [PMID: 31482977 PMCID: PMC6720025 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are a highly heterogeneous population of cells, being found in a large number of different tissues. These cells produce the extracellular matrix, which is essential to preserve structural integrity of connective tissues. Fibroblasts are frequently engaged in migration and remodeling, exerting traction forces in the extracellular matrix, which is crucial for matrix deposition and wound healing. In addition, previous studies performed on primary myoblasts suggest that the E3 ligase MuRF2 might function as a cytoskeleton adaptor. Here, we hypothesized that MuRF2 also plays a functional role in skeletal muscle fibroblasts. We found that skeletal muscle fibroblasts express MuRF2 and its siRNA knock-down promoted decreased fibroblast migration, cell border accumulation of polymerized actin, and down-regulation of the phospho-Akt expression. Our results indicated that MuRF2 was necessary to maintain the actin cytoskeleton functionality in skeletal muscle fibroblasts via Akt activity and exerted an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling in the skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Silvestre
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I L Baptista
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brasil
| | - W J Silva
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A Cruz
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M T Silva
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E H Miyabara
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S Labeit
- Institute for Integrative Pathophysiology, Mannheim Medical University, Faculty for Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A S Moriscot
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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50
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Alves MM, Andrade SM, Grenho L, Fernandes MH, Santos C, Montemor MF. Influence of apple phytochemicals in ZnO nanoparticles formation, photoluminescence and biocompatibility for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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