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Abstract
Gene therapy appears promising as a targeted treatment of cardiac diseases. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and also a major contributor to stroke, heart failure, and death. Mechanisms that initiate and sustain AF are associated with structural and electrophysiological remodeling in the whole atria. Selection of the appropriate gene delivery method is critical for transduction efficacy. The ideal gene delivery method to manage AF should provide widespread and sufficient exposure to the transgene in atria only that safely maintains the homeostasis of the heart without off-target expression. All these requirements can be achieved using atrial gene painting that is directly applied to the atrial epicardial surface. In this chapter, we present the advantages of atrial gene painting and the experimental method, as applied to a large animal model of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Mo
- Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - J Kevin Donahue
- Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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2
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Ali LM, Pitchai FNN, Vivet-Boudou V, Chameettachal A, Jabeen A, Pillai VN, Mustafa F, Marquet R, Rizvi TA. Role of Purine-Rich Regions in Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus (MPMV) Genomic RNA Packaging and Propagation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:595410. [PMID: 33250884 PMCID: PMC7674771 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinguishing feature of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) packaging signal RNA secondary structure is a single-stranded purine-rich sequence (ssPurines) in close vicinity to a palindromic stem loop (Pal SL) that functions as MPMV dimerization initiation site (DIS). However, unlike other retroviruses, MPMV contains a partially base-paired repeat sequence of ssPurines (bpPurines) in the adjacent region. Both purine-rich sequences have earlier been proposed to act as potentially redundant Gag binding sites to initiate the process of MPMV genomic RNA (gRNA) packaging. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological significance of ssPurines and bpPurines in MPMV gRNA packaging by systematic mutational and biochemical probing analyses. Deletion of either ssPurines or bpPurines individually had no significant effect on MPMV gRNA packaging, but it was severely compromised when both sequences were deleted simultaneously. Selective 2′ hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) analysis of the mutant RNAs revealed only mild effects on structure by deletion of either ssPurines or bpPurines, while the structure was dramatically affected by the two simultaneous deletions. This suggests that ssPurines and bpPurines play a redundant role in MPMV gRNA packaging, probably as Gag binding sites to facilitate gRNA capture and encapsidation. Interestingly, the deletion of bpPurines revealed an additional severe defect on RNA propagation that was independent of the presence or absence of ssPurines or the gRNA structure of the region. These findings further suggest that the bpPurines play an additional role in the early steps of MPMV replication cycle that is yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizna Mohamed Ali
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fathima Nuzra Nagoor Pitchai
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Valérie Vivet-Boudou
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, IBMC, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Akhil Chameettachal
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayesha Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vineeta N Pillai
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roland Marquet
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, IBMC, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tahir A Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Yoo J, Kohlbrenner E, Kim O, Hajjar RJ, Jeong D. Enhancing atrial-specific gene expression using a calsequestrin cis-regulatory module 4 with a sarcolipin promoter. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3060. [PMID: 30393908 PMCID: PMC6519042 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac gene therapy using the adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 vector is widely used because of its efficient transduction. However, the promoters used to drive expression often cause off‐target localization. To overcome this, studies have applied cardiac‐specific promoters, although expression is debilitated compared to that of ubiquitous promoters. To address these issues in the context of atrial‐specific gene expression, an enhancer calsequestrin cis‐regulatory module 4 (CRM4) and the highly atrial‐specific promoter sarcolipin were combined to enhance expression and minimize off tissue expression. Methods To observe expression and bio‐distribution, constructs were generated using two different reporter genes: luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The ubiquitous cytomegalovirus (CMV), sarcolipin (SLN) and CRM4 combined with sarcolipin (CRM4.SLN) were compared and analyzed using the luciferase assay, western blotting, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence imaging. Results The CMV promoter containing vectors showed the strongest expression in vitro and in vivo. However, the module SLN combination showed enhanced atrial expression and a minimized off‐target effect even when compared with the individual SLN promoter. Conclusions For gene therapy involving atrial gene transfer, the CRM4.SLN combination is a promising alternative to the use of the CMV promoter. CRM4.SLN had significant atrial expression and minimized extra‐atrial expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Okkil Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Makarewich CA, Munir AZ, Schiattarella GG, Bezprozvannaya S, Raguimova ON, Cho EE, Vidal AH, Robia SL, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. The DWORF micropeptide enhances contractility and prevents heart failure in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy. eLife 2018; 7:e38319. [PMID: 30299255 PMCID: PMC6202051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation is a hallmark of heart failure and is characterized by impaired Ca2+ sequestration into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by the SR-Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). We recently discovered a micropeptide named DWORF (DWarf Open Reading Frame) that enhances SERCA activity by displacing phospholamban (PLN), a potent SERCA inhibitor. Here we show that DWORF has a higher apparent binding affinity for SERCA than PLN and that DWORF overexpression mitigates the contractile dysfunction associated with PLN overexpression, substantiating its role as a potent activator of SERCA. Additionally, using a well-characterized mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) due to genetic deletion of the muscle-specific LIM domain protein (MLP), we show that DWORF overexpression restores cardiac function and prevents the pathological remodeling and Ca2+ dysregulation classically exhibited by MLP knockout mice. Our results establish DWORF as a potent activator of SERCA within the heart and as an attractive candidate for a heart failure therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Makarewich
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Amir Z Munir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Svetlana Bezprozvannaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Olga N Raguimova
- Department of Cell and Molecular PhysiologyLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodUnited States
| | - Ellen E Cho
- Department of Cell and Molecular PhysiologyLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodUnited States
| | - Alexander H Vidal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Seth L Robia
- Department of Cell and Molecular PhysiologyLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodUnited States
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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5
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Mattila M, Koskenvuo J, Söderström M, Eerola K, Savontaus M. Intramyocardial injection of SERCA2a-expressing lentivirus improves myocardial function in doxorubicin-induced heart failure. J Gene Med 2018; 18:124-33. [PMID: 27203155 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer drug. The major limitation to its use is the induction of dose-dependent cardiomyopathy. No specific treatment exists for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and treatments used for other forms of heart failure have only limited beneficial effects. The contraction-relaxation cycle of the heart is controlled by cytosolic calcium concentrations, which, in turn, are critically regulated by the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2) (+) ATPase (SERCA2a) pump. We hypothesized that SERCA2a gene transfer would ameliorate doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. METHODS Lentiviral vectors LV-SERCA2a-GFP and LV-GFP were constructed and in vitro gene transfer of LV-SERCA2a-GFP confirmed SERCA2a expression by western blot analysis. Heart failure was induced by giving a single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. LV-SERCA2a-GFP, LV-GFP vectors and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were injected under echocardiographic control to the anterior wall of the left ventricle. RESULTS Echocardiography analyses were performed on the injection day and 28 days postinjection. On the injection day, there were no significant differences in the average ejection fractions (EFs) among SERCA2a (40.0%), GFP (41.1%) and PBS (39.4%) injected animals. On day 28, EF in the SERCA2a group had increased by 16.6 ± 6.7% to 46.4 ± 2.1%. By contrast, EFs in the GFP (40.2 ± 1.3%) and PBS (40.6 ± 1.4%) groups remained at pre-injection levels. In addition, end systolic and end diastolic left ventricle volumes were significantly smaller in the SERCA2a group compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS SERCA2a gene transfer significantly improves left ventricle function and dimensions in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, thus making LV-SERCA2a gene transfer an attractive treatment modality for doxorubicin-induced heart failure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minttu Mattila
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Koskenvuo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirva Söderström
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kim Eerola
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Savontaus
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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6
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Abstract
Electronic pacemakers have been used in patients with heart rhythm disorders for device-supported pacing. While effective, there are such shortcomings as limited battery life, permanent implantation of catheters, the lack of autonomic neurohumoral responses, and risks of lead dislodging. Here we describe protocols for establishing porcine models of sick sinus syndrome and complete heart block, and the generation of bioartificial pacemaker by delivering a strategically engineered form of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated pacemaker channel protein via somatic gene transfer to convert atrial or ventricular muscle cardiomyocytes into nodal-like cells that rhythmically fire action potentials.
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7
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Liu J, Sun Q, Wang Y, Cui J, Zhang M, Li L, Jia H, Zhang L, Zhu B, Jiang M, Yu B, Zhang S. ERK1/2 pathway regulates coxsackie and adenovirus receptor expression in mouse cardiac stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3348-3354. [PMID: 28587412 PMCID: PMC5450675 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are the most promising and effective candidates for the therapy of cardiac regenerative diseases; however, they have marked limitations. For instance, the implantation of CSCs is hampered by factors such as their sustainability and long-term durability. Gene modification appears to be the most effective method of optimizing CSCs and gene therapy trials have demonstrated that efficient gene transfer is key to achieving therapeutic efficacy. However, the transduction ability of adenovirus (Ad) is limited. Previous studies have reported that low expression of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) in target cells decreases the transduction efficiency. A promising method for improving Ad-mediated gene transfer is to increase CAR expression in target cells. The present study investigated the effect of the Raf-mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-associated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway on the expression of CAR on CSCs, as this pathway decreases cell-cell adhesion via cell surface molecules. The results demonstrated that interference with the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway by knockdown of ERK1/2 upregulated the expression of CAR. The entry of the Ad into the cells was increased following inhibition of ERK1/2. Moreover, following knockdown of CAR, the entry of Ad into cells was decreased. However, knockdown of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 as other components of the MAPK pathway did not affect CAR expression. Therefore, CAR expression in CSCs may be mediated via the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Upregulation of CAR by knockdown of ERK1/2 may significantly improve Ad-mediated genetic modification of CSCs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Key Laboratories of Education, Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Yongshun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Key Laboratories of Education, Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jinjin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Key Laboratories of Education, Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Key Laboratories of Education, Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Key Laboratories of Education, Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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8
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Liu Z, Donahue JK. The Use of Gene Therapy for Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2014; 3:139-44. [PMID: 26835081 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2014.3.3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia, increasing the risk of stroke, heart failure and morbidity and mortality. Current therapies, including rate control and rhythm control by antiarrhythmic drugs or ablation therapy, are moderately effective but far from optimal. Gene therapy has the potential to become an attractive alternative to currently available therapies for atrial fibrillation. Various gene transfer vectors have been developed for cardiovascular disease with viral vectors being most widely used due to their high efficiency. Several gene delivery methods have been employed on different therapeutic targets. With increasing understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms, novel therapeutic targets have been discovered. This review will evaluate state-of-art gene therapy strategies and approaches including sinus rhythm restoration and ventricular rate control that could eventually prevent or eliminate atrial fibrillation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - J Kevin Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, Massachusetts, US
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9
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Inagawa K, Miyamoto K, Yamakawa H, Muraoka N, Sadahiro T, Umei T, Wada R, Katsumata Y, Kaneda R, Nakade K, Kurihara C, Obata Y, Miyake K, Fukuda K, Ieda M. Induction of cardiomyocyte-like cells in infarct hearts by gene transfer of Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5. Circ Res 2012; 111:1147-56. [PMID: 22931955 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.271148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE After myocardial infarction (MI), massive cell death in the myocardium initiates fibrosis and scar formation, leading to heart failure. We recently found that a combination of 3 cardiac transcription factors, Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT), reprograms fibroblasts directly into functional cardiomyocytes in vitro. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether viral gene transfer of GMT into infarcted hearts induces cardiomyocyte generation. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary artery ligation was used to generate MI in the mouse. In vitro transduction of GMT retrovirus converted cardiac fibroblasts from the infarct region into cardiomyocyte-like cells with cardiac-specific gene expression and sarcomeric structures. Injection of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) retrovirus into mouse hearts, immediately after MI, infected only proliferating noncardiomyocytes, mainly fibroblasts, in the infarct region. The GFP expression diminished after 2 weeks in immunocompetent mice but remained stable for 3 months in immunosuppressed mice, in which cardiac induction did not occur. In contrast, injection of GMT retrovirus into α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC)-GFP transgenic mouse hearts induced the expression of αMHC-GFP, a marker of cardiomyocytes, in 3% of virus-infected cells after 1 week. A pooled GMT injection into the immunosuppressed mouse hearts induced cardiac marker expression in retrovirus-infected cells within 2 weeks, although few cells showed striated muscle structures. To transduce GMT efficiently in vivo, we generated a polycistronic retrovirus expressing GMT separated by 2A "self-cleaving" peptides (3F2A). The 3F2A-induced cardiomyocyte-like cells in fibrotic tissue expressed sarcomeric α-actinin and cardiac troponin T and had clear cross striations. Quantitative RT-PCR also demonstrated that FACS-sorted 3F2A-transduced cells expressed cardiac-specific genes. CONCLUSIONS GMT gene transfer induced cardiomyocyte-like cells in infarcted hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Inagawa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Eckhouse SR, Jones JA, Spinale FG. Gene targeting in ischemic heart disease and failure: translational and clinical studies. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:1-11. [PMID: 22935384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alternative and innovative targeted strategies hold relevance in improving the current treatments for ischemic heart disease (IHD). One potential treatment modality, gene targeting, may provide a unique alternative to current IHD therapies. The principal function of gene targeting in IHD is to augment the expression of an endogenous gene through amplification of an exogenous gene, delivered by a plasmid or a viral vector to enhance myocardial perfusion, and limit the long-term sequelae. The initial clinical studies of gene targeting in IHD were focused upon induction of angiogenic factors and the outcomes were equivocal. Nevertheless, significant advancements have been made in viral vectors, mode of delivery, and potentially relevant targets for IHD. Several of these advancements, particularly with a focus on translational large animal studies, are the focus of this review. The development of novel vectors with prolonged transduction efficiency and minimal inflammation, coupled with hybrid perfusion-mapping delivery devices, and improving the safety of vector use and efficacy of gene systems are but a few of the exciting progresses that are likely to proceed to clinical studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina R Eckhouse
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
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11
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Li RA. Gene- and cell-based bio-artificial pacemaker: what basic and translational lessons have we learned? Gene Ther 2012; 19:588-95. [PMID: 22673497 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Normal rhythms originate in the sino-atrial node, a specialized cardiac tissue consisting of only a few thousands of nodal pacemaker cells. Malfunction of pacemaker cells due to diseases or aging leads to rhythm generation disorders (for example, bradycardias and sick-sinus syndrome (SSS)), which often necessitate the implantation of electronic pacemakers. Although effective, electronic devices are associated with such shortcomings as limited battery life, permanent implantation of leads, lead dislodging, the lack of autonomic responses and so on. Here, various gene- and cell-based approaches, with a particular emphasis placed on the use of pluripotent stem cells and the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated-encoded pacemaker gene family, that have been pursued in the past decade to reconstruct bio-artificial pacemakers as alternatives will be discussed in relation to the basic biological insights and translational regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Li
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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12
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Merkulov S, Chen X, Chandler MP, Stelzer JE. In vivo cardiac myosin binding protein C gene transfer rescues myofilament contractile dysfunction in cardiac myosin binding protein C null mice. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5:635-44. [PMID: 22855556 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.968941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased expression of cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBPC) in the heart has been implicated as a consequence of mutations in cMyBPC that lead to abnormal contractile function at the myofilament level, thereby contributing to the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in humans. It has not been established whether increasing the levels of cMyBPC in the intact heart can improve myofilament and in vivo contractile function and attenuate maladaptive remodeling processes because of reduced levels of cMyBPC. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed in vivo gene transfer of cMyBPC by direct injection into the myocardium of cMyBPC-deficient (cMyBPC(-/-)) mice, and mechanical experiments were conducted on skinned myocardium isolated from cMyBPC(-/-) hearts 21 days and 20 weeks after gene transfer. Cross-bridge kinetics in skinned myocardium isolated from cMyBPC(-/-) hearts after cMyBPC gene transfer were significantly slower compared with untreated cMyBPC(-/-) myocardium and were comparable to wild-type myocardium and cMyBPC(-/-) myocardium that was reconstituted with recombinant cMyBPC in vitro. cMyBPC content in cMyBPC(-/-) skinned myocardium after in vivo cMyBPC gene transfer or in vitro cMyBPC reconstitution was similar to wild-type levels. In vivo echocardiography studies of cMyBPC(-/-) hearts after cMyBPC gene transfer revealed improved systolic and diastolic contractile function and reductions in left ventricular wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that gene therapy designed to increase expression of cMyBPC in the cMyBPC-deficient myocardium can improve myofilament and in vivo contractile function, suggesting that cMyBPC gene therapy may be a viable approach for treatment of cardiomyopathies because of mutations in cMyBPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Merkulov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Tomasulo CE, Pritchette LA, Bridges CR. Model-specific selection of molecular targets for heart failure gene therapy. J Gene Med 2012; 13:573-86. [PMID: 21954055 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex multifaceted problem of abnormal ventricular function and structure. In recent years, new information has been accumulated allowing for a more detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular alterations that are the underpinnings of diverse causes of HF, including myocardial ischemia, pressure-overload, volume-overload or intrinsic cardiomyopathy. Modern pharmacological approaches to treat HF have had a significant impact on the course of the disease, although they do not reverse the underlying pathological state of the heart. Therefore gene-based therapy holds a great potential as a targeted treatment for cardiovascular diseases. Here, we survey the relative therapeutic efficacy of genetic modulation of β-adrenergic receptor signaling, Ca(2+) handling proteins and angiogenesis in the most common extrinsic models of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Cardioprotective effects of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 on hypoxic injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and myocardium in a rat myocardial infarct model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:101-7. [PMID: 22232248 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) is involved in numerous cellular responses. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of PDK1 gene expression against hypoxic conditions in cultured rat CMCs (rCMCs) and in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model using the lentiviral vector (LeV) system. LeV-PDK1 transfer effectively reduced the apoptotic cell death caused by hypoxic injury as compared to LeV-GFP transfer in rCMCs the expression of survival proteins increased in the LeV-PDK1 group, whereas apoptosis signaling decreased in the rCMCs and in infarcted hearts treated with LeV-PDK1. LeV-PDK1 transfer also reduced apoptosis and infarct size and attenuated myocardial wall thinning and ventricular remodeling in a rat MI model. These findings suggest that PDK1 has a protective role in the injured ischemic myocardium via overexpression of the cell survival pathway in CMCs. Hence PDK1 can be used as a treatment strategy for myocardial salvage inin hypoxic injury.
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15
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The Wire. Hum Gene Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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16
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Morrissey RP, Czer L, Shah PK. Chronic heart failure: current evidence, challenges to therapy, and future directions. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2011; 11:153-71. [PMID: 21619379 DOI: 10.2165/11592090-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to maintain a normal cardiac output without elevated intracardiac filling pressures, resulting in signs of pulmonary and peripheral edema and symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue. Central to the management of HF is a multifaceted pharmacological intervention to abate the harmful counter-regulatory effects of neurohormonal activation and avid salt and water retention. Whereas up to 40 years ago HF was managed with diuretics and leaf of digitalis, the cornerstones of therapy for HF patients with systolic dysfunction now include ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (angiotensin receptor blockers), β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers), and aldosterone antagonists, which have significantly improved survival. However, with the increasing number of beneficial therapies, there are challenges to implementing all of them. Specific cardiomyopathies also merit specific considerations with respect to treatment, and - unfortunately - there is no therapy for HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction that has been shown to improve survival. Although mortality has improved in HF, the biggest challenge to treatment lies in addressing the morbidity of this disease, which is now the most common reason for hospital admission in our aged population. As such, there are many therapies that may serve to improve the quality of life of HF patients. Future HF treatment regimens may include direct cellular therapy via hormone and cytokine signaling or cardiac regeneration through growth factors or cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Morrissey
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Jessup M, Greenberg B, Mancini D, Cappola T, Pauly DF, Jaski B, Yaroshinsky A, Zsebo KM, Dittrich H, Hajjar RJ. Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID): a phase 2 trial of intracoronary gene therapy of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 2011; 124:304-13. [PMID: 21709064 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.022889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated virus type 1/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study in patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-nine patients received intracoronary adeno-associated virus type 1/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase or placebo. Seven efficacy parameters were assessed in 4 domains: symptoms (New York Heart Association class, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire), functional status (6-minute walk test, peak maximum oxygen consumption), biomarker (N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide), and left ventricular function/remodeling (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-systolic volume), plus clinical outcomes. The primary end point success criteria were prospectively defined as achieving efficacy at 6 months in the group-level (concordant improvement in 7 efficacy parameters and no clinically significant worsening in any parameter), individual-level (total score for predefined clinically meaningful changes in 7 efficacy parameters), or outcome end points (cardiovascular hospitalizations and time to terminal events). Efficacy in 1 analysis had to be associated with at least a positive trend in the other 2 analyses. This combination of requirements resulted in a probability of success by chance alone of 2.7%. The high-dose group versus placebo met the prespecified criteria for success at the group-level, individual-level, and outcome analyses (cardiovascular hospitalizations) at 6 months (confirmed at 12 months) and demonstrated improvement or stabilization in New York Heart Association class, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire, 6-minute walk test, peak maximum oxygen consumption, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels, and left ventricular end-systolic volume. Significant increases in time to clinical events and decreased frequency of cardiovascular events were observed at 12 months (hazard ratio=0.12; P=0.003), and mean duration of cardiovascular hospitalizations over 12 months was substantially decreased (0.4 versus 4.5 days; P=0.05) on high-dose treatment versus placebo. There were no untoward safety findings. CONCLUSIONS The Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID) study demonstrated safety and suggested benefit of adeno-associated virus type 1/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in advanced heart failure, supporting larger confirmatory trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00454818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariell Jessup
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
Heart failure is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals of all ages. The many-faceted nature of the clinical heart failure syndrome has historically frustrated attempts to develop an overarching explanative theory. However, much useful information has been gained by basic and clinical investigation, even though a comprehensive understanding of heart failure has been elusive. Heart failure is a growing problem, in both adult and pediatric populations, for which standard medical therapy, as of 2010, can have positive effects, but these are usually limited and progressively diminish with time in most patients. If we want curative or near-curative therapy that will return patients to a normal state of health at a feasible cost, much better diagnostic and therapeutic technologies need to be developed. This review addresses the vexing group of heart failure etiologies that include cardiomyopathies and other ventricular dysfunctions of various types, for which current therapy is only modestly effective. Although there are many unique aspects to heart failure in patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease, many of the innovative approaches that are being developed for the care of adults with heart failure will be applicable to heart failure in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Penny
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Portt L, Norman G, Clapp C, Greenwood M, Greenwood MT. Anti-apoptosis and cell survival: a review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:238-59. [PMID: 20969895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type I programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is critical for cellular self-destruction for a variety of processes such as development or the prevention of oncogenic transformation. Alternative forms, including type II (autophagy) and type III (necrotic) represent the other major types of PCD that also serve to trigger cell death. PCD must be tightly controlled since disregulated cell death is involved in the development of a large number of different pathologies. To counter the multitude of processes that are capable of triggering death, cells have devised a large number of cellular processes that serve to prevent inappropriate or premature PCD. These cell survival strategies involve a myriad of coordinated and systematic physiological and genetic changes that serve to ward off death. Here we will discuss the different strategies that are used to prevent cell death and focus on illustrating that although anti-apoptosis and cellular survival serve to counteract PCD, they are nevertheless mechanistically distinct from the processes that regulate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Portt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Ontario, Canada
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Katz MG, Swain JD, Tomasulo CE, Sumaroka M, Fargnoli A, Bridges CR. Current strategies for myocardial gene delivery. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 50:766-76. [PMID: 20837022 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Existing methods of cardiac gene delivery can be classified by the site of injection, interventional approach and type of cardiac circulation at the time of transfer. General criteria to assess the efficacy of a given delivery method include: global versus regional myocardial transduction, technical complexity and the pathophysiological effects associated with its use, delivery-related collateral expression and the delivery-associated inflammatory and immune response. Direct gene delivery (intramyocardial, endocardial, epicardial) may be useful for therapeutic angiogenesis and for focal arrhythmia therapy but with gene expression which is primarily limited to regions in close proximity to the injection site. An often unappreciated limitation of these techniques is that they are frequently associated with substantial systemic vector delivery. Percutaneous infusion of vector into the coronary arteries is minimally invasive and allows for transgene delivery to the whole myocardium. Unfortunately, efficiency of intracoronary delivery is highly variable and the short residence time of vector within the coronary circulation and significant collateral organ expression limit its clinical potential. Surgical techniques, including the incorporation of cardiopulmonary bypass with isolated cardiac recirculation, represent novel delivery strategies that may potentially overcome these limitations; yet, these techniques are complex with inherent morbidity that must be thoroughly evaluated before safe translation into clinical practice. Characteristics of the optimal technique for gene delivery include low morbidity, increased myocardial transcapillary gradient, extended vector residence time in the coronary circulation and exclusion of residual vector from the systemic circulation after delivery to minimize extracardiac expression and to mitigate a cellular immune response. This article is part of a Special Section entitled "Special Section: Cardiovascular Gene Therapy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Katz MG, Swain JD, White JD, Low D, Stedman H, Bridges CR. Cardiac gene therapy: optimization of gene delivery techniques in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:371-80. [PMID: 19947886 PMCID: PMC2865214 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-mediated cardiac gene therapy holds tremendous promise as a translatable platform technology for treating many cardiovascular diseases. The ideal technique is one that is efficient and practical, allowing for global cardiac gene expression, while minimizing collateral expression in other organs. Here we survey the available in vivo vector-mediated cardiac gene delivery methods--including transcutaneous, intravascular, intramuscular, and cardiopulmonary bypass techniques--with consideration of the relative merits and deficiencies of each. Review of available techniques suggests that an optimal method for vector-mediated gene delivery to the large animal myocardium would ideally employ retrograde and/or anterograde transcoronary gene delivery,extended vector residence time in the coronary circulation, an increased myocardial transcapillary gradient using physical methods, increased endothelial permeability with pharmacological agents, minimal collateral gene expression by isolation of the cardiac circulation from the systemic, and have low immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Calcium upregulation by percutaneous administration of gene therapy in cardiac disease (CUPID Trial), a first-in-human phase 1/2 clinical trial. J Card Fail 2009; 15:171-81. [PMID: 19327618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SERCA2a deficiency is commonly seen in advanced heart failure (HF). This study is designed to investigate safety and biological effects of enzyme replacement using gene transfer in patients with advanced HF. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 9 patients with advanced HF (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class III/IV, ejection fraction [EF] < or = 30%, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2 max] <16 mL.kg.min, with maximal pharmacological and device therapy) received a single intracoronary infusion of AAV1/SERCA2a in the open-label portion of this ongoing study. Doses administered ranged from 1.4 x 10(11) to 3 x 10(12) DNase resistant particles per patient. We present 6- to 12-month follow-up data for these patients. AAV1/SERCA2a demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in this advanced HF population. Of the 9 patients treated, several demonstrated improvements from baseline to month 6 across a number of parameters important in HF, including symptomatic (NYHA and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, 5 patients), functional (6-minute walk test and VO2 max, 4 patients), biomarker (NT-ProBNP, 2 patients), and LV function/remodeling (EF and end-systolic volume, 5 patients). Of note, 2 patients who failed to improve had preexisting anti-AAV1 neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative evidence of biological activity across a number of parameters important for assessing HF status could be detected in several patients without preexisting neutralizing antibodies in this open-label study, although the number of patients in each cohort is too small to conduct statistical analyses. These findings support the initiation of the Phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled portion of this study.
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Herpesvirus-mediated delivery of a genetically encoded fluorescent Ca(2+) sensor to canine cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:361795. [PMID: 19636419 PMCID: PMC2712641 DOI: 10.1155/2009/361795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development and application of a pseudorabies virus-based system for delivery of troponeon, a fluorescent Ca2+ sensor to adult canine cardiomyocytes. The efficacy of transduction was assessed by calculating the ratio of fluorescently labelled and nonlabelled cells in cell culture. Interaction of the virus vector with electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes was evaluated by the analysis of transient outward current (Ito), kinetics of the intracellular Ca2+ transients, and cell shortening. Functionality of transferred troponeon was verified by FRET analysis. We demonstrated that the transfer efficiency of troponeon to cultured adult cardiac myocytes was virtually 100%. We showed that even after four days neither the amplitude nor the kinetics of the Ito current was significantly changed and no major shifts occurred in parameters of [Ca2+]i transients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that infection of cardiomyocytes with the virus did not affect the morphology, viability, and physiological attributes of cells.
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25
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, endogenous, conserved, non-coding RNAs that negatively modulate gene expression by either promoting the degradation of mRNA or down-regulating the protein production by translational repression. They maintain optimal dose of cellular proteins and thus play a crucial role in the regulation of biological functions. Recent discovery of miRNAs in the heart and their differential expressions in pathological conditions provide glimpses of undiscovered regulatory mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases. Nearly 50 miRNAs are overexpressed in mouse heart. The implication of several miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases has been well documented such as miRNA-1 in arrhythmia, miRNA-29 in cardiac fibrosis, miRNA-126 in angiogenesis and miRNA-133 in cardiac hypertrophy. Aberrant expression of Dicer (an enzyme required for maturation of all miRNAs) during heart failure indicates its direct involvement in the regulation of cardiac diseases. MiRNAs and Dicer provide a particular layer of network of precise gene regulation in heart and vascular tissues in a spatiotemporal manner suggesting their implications as a powerful intervention tool for therapy. The combined strategy of manipulating miRNAs in stem cells for their target directed differentiation and optimizing the mode of delivery of miRNAs to the desired cells would determine the future potential of miRNAs to treat a disease. This review embodies the recent progress made in microRNomics of cardiovascular diseases and the future of miRNAs as a potential therapeutic target - the putative challenges and the approaches to deal with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY, USA
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26
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Yuan TF. Transplantation of autonomous rhythm neurons as new approach of deep brain stimulation. Brain Stimul 2009; 2:55-6. [PMID: 20633403 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Gray SJ, Samulski RJ. Optimizing gene delivery vectors for the treatment of heart disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:911-22. [PMID: 18549322 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.7.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac gene therapy is approaching reality, with clinical trials entering Phase II/III. Even so, challenges exist to improve the efficacy of even the most successful therapies. OBJECTIVE The merits of different gene therapy vectors are weighed to assess the current feasibility of each in specific cardiac applications. Major obstacles are discussed, along with recent advances in vector development to overcome or circumvent those difficulties. METHODS This review focuses primarily on gene delivery via naked DNA, adenovirus, lentivirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. CONCLUSION Gene therapy via adenovirus and AAV vectors has developed into a promising option for the treatment of heart disease. The merits of gene therapy compared with emerging stem cell and microRNA-based treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Gray
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gene Therapy Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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28
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Periasamy M, Kalyanasundaram A. SERCA2a gene therapy for heart failure: ready for primetime? Mol Ther 2008; 16:1002-4. [PMID: 18500238 PMCID: PMC4854184 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1218, USA.
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Ly HQ, Kawase Y, Hajjar RJ. Advances in gene-based therapy for heart failure. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2008; 1:127-36. [PMID: 20559907 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-008-9022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western countries. While progress in current treatment modalities is making steady and incremental gains to reduce this disease burden, there remains a need to explore novel therapeutic strategies. Clinicians and researchers alike have thus looked towards novel adjunctive therapeutic strategies, including gene-based therapy for congestive heart failure (CHF). Advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of CHF, combined to the evolution of increasingly efficient gene transfer technology, have placed congestive heart failure within reach of gene-based therapy. This review will discuss issues related to gene vector systems, gene delivery strategies, and gene targets for intervention in the setting of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Q Ly
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P.O. Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Cappola TP. Molecular remodeling in human heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:137-8. [PMID: 18191737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia;
| | - Masahiko Hoshijima
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0346
| | - Kenneth R. Chien
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Centre, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
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Kalyuzhin VV, Teplyakov AT, Vechersky YY, Ryazantsevа NV, Khlapov AP. Pathogenesis of chronic heart failure: change of dominating paradigm. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2007-4-71-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The review considers literature data reflecting the evolution of views on pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. Connection of revision of a dominating paradigm of pathogenesis at every stage of development of cardiology with changes in approaches to therapy of chronic heart failure is analyzed.
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