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Lai JY, Mclarnon P, Sheridan C, Vallabh NA. Evaluating the impact of caloric restriction, body mass index and exercise on primary open-angle glaucoma: A review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241274445. [PMID: 39169764 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241274445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This literature review evaluates any possible links between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and caloric restriction (CR), body mass index (BMI), and exercise, aiming to map the extent of the literature. Its primary objective is to recognise the nature and breadth of research evidence, identify possible gaps in these topics and develop future studies. The databases searched were MEDLINE (PudMed), Scopus and ScienceDirect, in April 2023 for articles published in English, with no date restriction. A total of 447 search results were retrieved. Of these, 73 were related to CR, 249 to BMI, and 125 to exercise. Records identified included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and animal studies. CR has been shown to halt the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and protect against various glaucomatous processes in animal models. Low BMI has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of POAG and a faster rate of visual field deterioration in POAG. However, the association between high BMI and POAG is not consistent. Exercise has been shown to cause mechanical, vascular, and neurobiological changes affecting the pathophysiology of POAG. The present review helps identify key characteristics and factors relating to the impacts of CR, BMI, or exercise on POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ym Lai
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patrick Mclarnon
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carl Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neeru A Vallabh
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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2
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Austin MJ, Kalampalika F, Cawthorn WP, Patel B. Turning the spotlight on bone marrow adipocytes in haematological malignancy and non-malignant conditions. Br J Haematol 2023; 201:605-619. [PMID: 37067783 PMCID: PMC10952811 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Whilst bone marrow adipocytes (BMAd) have long been appreciated by clinical haemato-pathologists, it is only relatively recently, in the face of emerging data, that the adipocytic niche has come under the watchful eye of biologists. There is now mounting evidence to suggest that BMAds are not just a simple structural entity of bone marrow microenvironments but a bona fide driver of physio- and pathophysiological processes relevant to multiple aspects of health and disease. Whilst the truly multifaceted nature of BMAds has only just begun to emerge, paradigms have shifted already for normal, malignant and non-malignant haemopoiesis incorporating a view of adipocyte regulation. Major efforts are ongoing, to delineate the routes by which BMAds participate in health and disease with a final aim of achieving clinical tractability. This review summarises the emerging role of BMAds across the spectrum of normal and pathological haematological conditions with a particular focus on its impact on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Austin
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Haemato‐OncologyQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Foteini Kalampalika
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Haemato‐OncologyQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - William P. Cawthorn
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh BioquarterUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Bela Patel
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Haemato‐OncologyQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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3
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Li M, Bao L, Zhu P, Wang S. Effect of metformin on the epigenetic age of peripheral blood in patients with diabetes mellitus. Front Genet 2022; 13:955835. [PMID: 36226195 PMCID: PMC9548538 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.955835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metformin has been proven to have an antiaging effect. However, studies on how metformin affects global epigenetic regulation and its effect on the epigenetic clock in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are limited. This study aims to investigate the impact of metformin on the epigenetic age in subjects with type 2 DM. Results: We collected the peripheral blood of the metformin group and the no-metformin group of the 32 DM patients. Three previously established epigenetic clocks (Hannum, Horvath, and DNAmPhenoAge) were used to estimate the epigenetic age acceleration of the two groups. We defined biological age acceleration for each group by comparing the estimated biological age with the chronological age. Results were presented as follows: 1) all three epigenetic clocks were strongly correlated with chronological age. 2) We found a strong association between metformin intake and slower epigenetic aging by Horvath’s clock and Hannum’s clock. Conclusions: Here, we found an association between metformin intake and slower epigenetic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Bao
- Institute of Gerontology, Second Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuxia Wang,
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Barone M, D'Amico F, Rampelli S, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Age-related diseases, therapies and gut microbiome: A new frontier for healthy aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111711. [PMID: 35868543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is undoubtedly a key modulator of human health, which can promote or impair homeostasis throughout life. This is even more relevant in old age, when there is a gradual loss of function in multiple organ systems, related to growth, metabolism, and immunity. Several studies have described changes in the gut microbiome across age groups up to the extreme limits of lifespan, including maladaptations that occur in the context of age-related conditions, such as frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiometabolic diseases. The gut microbiome can also interact bi-directionally with anti-age-related disease therapies, being affected and in turn influencing their efficacy. In this framework, the development of integrated microbiome-based intervention strategies, aimed at favoring a eubiotic configuration and trajectory, could therefore represent an innovative approach for the promotion of healthy aging and the achievement of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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5
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Fischer F, Grigolon G, Benner C, Ristow M. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors as regulators of longevity and targets for geroprotection. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1449-1494. [PMID: 35343830 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for many debilitating conditions, including heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. While far from understood in its full complexity, it is scientifically well-established that aging is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and can be modulated by various interventions. One of aging's early hallmarks are aberrations in transcriptional networks, controlling for example metabolic homeostasis or the response to stress. Evidence in different model organisms abounds that a number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, which control such networks, can affect lifespan and healthspan across species. These transcription factors thus potentially represent conserved regulators of longevity and are emerging as important targets in the challenging quest to develop treatments to mitigate age-related diseases, and possibly even to slow aging itself. This review provides an overview of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that impact longevity or age-related diseases in at least one multicellular model organism (nematodes, flies, or mice), and/or are tentatively linked to human aging. Discussed is the general evidence for transcriptional regulation of aging and disease, followed by a more detailed look at selected transcription factor families, the common metabolic pathways involved, and the targeting of transcription factors as a strategy for geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Benner
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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6
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Vessey KA, Jobling AI, Tran MX, Wang AY, Greferath U, Fletcher EL. Treatments targeting autophagy ameliorate the age-related macular degeneration phenotype in mice lacking APOE (apolipoprotein E). Autophagy 2022; 18:2368-2384. [PMID: 35196199 PMCID: PMC9542759 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2034131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss with recent evidence indicating an important role for macroautophagy/autophagy in disease progression. In this study we investigate the efficacy of targeting autophagy for slowing dysfunction in a mouse model with features of early AMD. Mice lacking APOE (apolipoprotein E; B6.129P2-Apoetm1UncJ/Arc) and C57BL/6 J- (wild-type, WT) mice were treated with metformin or trehalose in the drinking water from 5 months of age and the ocular phenotype investigated at 13 months. Control mice received normal drinking water. APOE-control mice had reduced retinal function and thickening of Bruch’s membrane consistent with an early AMD phenotype. Immunohistochemical labeling showed reductions in MAP1LC3B/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) and LAMP1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1) labeling in the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This correlated with increased LC3-II:LC3-I ratio and alterations in protein expression in multiple autophagy pathways measured by reverse phase protein array, suggesting autophagy was slowed. Treatment of APOE-mice with metformin or trehalose ameliorated the loss of retinal function and reduced Bruch’s membrane thickening, enhancing LC3 and LAMP1 labeling in the ocular tissues and restoring LC3-II:LC3-I ratio to WT levels. Protein analysis indicated that both treatments boost ATM-AMPK driven autophagy. Additionally, trehalose increased p-MAPK14/p38 to enhance autophagy. Our study shows that treatments targeting pathways to enhance autophagy have the potential for treating early AMD and provide support for the use of metformin, which has been found to reduce the risk of AMD development in human patients.Abbreviations:AMD: age-related macular degeneration; AMPK: 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase APOE: apolipoprotein E; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; BCL2L1/Bcl-xL: BCL2-like 1; DAPI: 4ʹ-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; ERG: electroretinogram; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GCL: ganglion cell layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; IS/OS: inner and outer photoreceptor segments; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OCT: optical coherence tomography; ONL: outer nuclear layer; OPs: oscillatory potentials; p-EIF4EBP1: phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; p-MAPK14/p38: phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; RPS6KB/p70 S6 kinase: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TP53/TRP53/p53: tumor related protein 53; TSC2: TSC complex subunit 2; WT: wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Andrew I Jobling
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Mai X Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Anna Y Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Medical Building, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
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7
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Faure MC, Khoueiry R, Quanico J, Acloque H, Guerquin MJ, Bertoldo MJ, Chevaleyre C, Ramé C, Fournier I, Salzet M, Dupont J, Froment P. In Utero Exposure to Metformin Reduces the Fertility of Male Offspring in Adulthood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:750145. [PMID: 34745014 PMCID: PMC8565088 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.750145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with insulin resistance. Metformin is also used in the treatment of pregnancy disorders such as gestational diabetes. However, the consequences of foetal exposure to metformin on the fertility of exposed offspring remain poorly documented. In this study, we investigated the effect of in utero metformin exposure on the fertility of female and male offspring. We observed that metformin is detectable in the blood of the mother and in amniotic fluid and blood of the umbilical cord. Metformin was not measurable in any tissues of the embryo, including the gonads. The effect of metformin exposure on offspring was sex specific. The adult females that had been exposed to metformin in utero presented no clear reduction in fertility. However, the adult males that had been exposed to metformin during foetal life exhibited a 30% reduction in litter size compared with controls. The lower fertility was not due to a change in sperm production or the motility of sperm. Rather, the phenotype was due to lower sperm head quality - significantly increased spermatozoa head abnormality with greater DNA damage - and hypermethylation of the genomic DNA in the spermatozoa associated with lower expression of the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) protein. In conclusion, while foetal metformin exposure did not dramatically alter gonad development, these results suggest that metabolic modification by metformin during the foetal period could change the expression of epigenetic regulators such as Tet1 and perturb the genomic DNA in germ cells, changes that might contribute to a reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie C. Faure
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Rita Khoueiry
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Hervé Acloque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- UMR967 INSERM, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA)/Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF)/Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM)/Service Cellules Souches et Radiation (SCSR)/LDG, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Michael J. Bertoldo
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Chevaleyre
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
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8
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Smith DL, Orlandella RM, Allison DB, Norian LA. Diabetes medications as potential calorie restriction mimetics-a focus on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose. GeroScience 2021; 43:1123-1133. [PMID: 33006707 PMCID: PMC8190416 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of aging research has grown rapidly over the last half-century, with advancement of scientific technologies to interrogate mechanisms underlying the benefit of life-extending interventions like calorie restriction (CR). Coincident with this increase in knowledge has been the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), both associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Given the difficulty in practicing long-term CR, a search for compounds (CR mimetics) which could recapitulate the health and longevity benefits without requiring food intake reductions was proposed. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are compounds that function predominantly within the gastrointestinal tract to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymatic digestion of complex carbohydrates, delaying and decreasing monosaccharide uptake from the gut in the treatment of T2D. Acarbose, an AGI, has been shown in pre-clinical models to increase lifespan (greater longevity benefits in males), with decreased body weight gain independent of calorie intake reduction. The CR mimetic benefits of acarbose are further supported by clinical findings beyond T2D including the risk for other age-related diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular). Open questions remain regarding the exclusivity of acarbose relative to other AGIs, potential off-target effects, and combination with other therapies for healthy aging and longevity extension. Given the promising results in pre-clinical models (even in the absence of T2D), a unique mechanism of action and multiple age-related reduced disease risks that have been reported with acarbose, support for clinical trials with acarbose focusing on aging-related outcomes and incorporating biological sex, age at treatment initiation, and T2D-dependence within the design is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rachael M Orlandella
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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9
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Ishikawa S, Sawamoto A, Okuyama S, Nakajima M. T-Cell Activation-Inhibitory Assay to Screen Caloric Restriction Mimetics Drugs for Drug Repositioning. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:550-556. [PMID: 33790105 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a screening method for caloric restriction mimetics (CRM), a group of plant-derived compounds capable of inducing good health and longevity. In the present study, we explored the possibility of using this method to screen CRM drugs for drug repositioning. The method, T-cell activation-inhibitory assay, is based on inductive logic. Most of CRM such as resveratrol have been reported to suppress T-cell activation and have anti-inflammatory functions. Here, we assessed the activity of 12 antiallergic drugs through T-cell activation-inhibitory assay and selected four that showed the lowest IC50 values-ibudilast (IC50 0.97 µM), azelastine (IC50 7.2 µM), epinastine (IC50 16 µM), and amlexanox (IC50 33 µM)-for further investigation. Because azelastine showed high cytotoxicity, we selected only the remaining three drugs to study their biological functions. We found that all the three drugs suppressed the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, an inflammatory cytokine, in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophage cells, with ibudilast being the strongest suppressor. Ibudilast also suppressed the secretion of another inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the expression of an inflammatory enzyme, cyclooxygenase-2, in the cells. These results suggest that T-cell activation-inhibitory assay can be used to screen potential CRM drugs having anti-inflammatory functions for the purpose of drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouma Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Atsushi Sawamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Satoshi Okuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Mitsunari Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
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10
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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Lushchak O, Castillo MJ. Repurposing drugs to fight aging: The difficult path from bench to bedside. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1676-1700. [PMID: 33314257 DOI: 10.1002/med.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The steady rise in life expectancy occurred across all developed countries during the last century. This demographic trend is, however, not accompanied by the same healthspan extension. This is since aging is the main risk factor for all age-associated pathological conditions. Therefore, slowing the rate of aging is suggested to be more efficient in preventing or delaying age-related diseases than treat them one by one, which is the common approach in a current pharmacological disease-oriented paradigm. To date, a variety of medications designed to treat particular pathological conditions have been shown to exhibit pro-longevity effects in different experimental models. Among them, there are many commonly used prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals such as metformin, rapamycin, aspirin, statins, melatonin, vitamin antioxidants, etc. All of them are being increasingly investigated in preclinical and clinical trials with the aim of determine whether they have potential for extension of human healthspan. The results from these trials are frequently inconclusive and fall short of initial expectations, suggesting that innovative research ideas and additional translational steps are required to overcome obstacles for implementation of such approaches in clinical practice. In this review, recent advances and challenges in the field of repurposing widely used conventional pharmaceuticals to target the aging process are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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11
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Vazquez A. Identification of putative calorie restriction mimetics using mammalian gene expression profiles. Open Biol 2020; 10:200158. [PMID: 32931724 PMCID: PMC7536090 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. In theory, the obesity problem could be solved by the adherence to a calorie-restricted diet, but that is not generally achieved in practice. An alternative is a pharmacological approach, using compounds that trigger the same metabolic changes associated with calorie restriction. Here, I expand in the pharmacological direction by identifying compounds that induce liver gene signature profiles that mimic those induced by calorie restriction. Using gene expression profiles from mice and rat, I identify corticosteroids, PPAR agonists and some antibacterial/antifungal as candidate compounds mimicking the response to calorie restriction in the liver gene signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Vazquez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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12
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Zinngrebe J, Debatin KM, Fischer-Posovszky P. Adipocytes in hematopoiesis and acute leukemia: friends, enemies, or innocent bystanders? Leukemia 2020; 34:2305-2316. [PMID: 32474572 PMCID: PMC7449871 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow is home to well-balanced normal hematopoiesis, but also the stage of leukemia's crime. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a unique and versatile component of the bone marrow niche. While the importance of MAT for bone health has long been recognized, its complex role in hematopoiesis has only recently gained attention. In this review article we summarize recent conceptual advances in the field of MAT research and how these developments impact our understanding of MAT regulation of hematopoiesis. Elucidating routes of interaction and regulation between MAT and cells of the hematopoietic system are essential to pinpoint vulnerable processes resulting in malignant transformation. The concept of white adipose tissue contributing to cancer development and progression on the cellular, metabolic, and systemic level is generally accepted. The role of MAT in malignant hematopoiesis, however, is controversial. MAT is very sensitive to changes in the patient's metabolic status hampering a clear definition of its role in different clinical situations. Here, we discuss future directions for leukemia research in the context of metabolism-induced modifications of MAT and other adipose tissues and how this might impact on leukemia cell survival, proliferation, and antileukemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zinngrebe
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89075, Ulm, Germany.
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13
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Metformin as a Potential Agent in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175957. [PMID: 32825027 PMCID: PMC7503488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a synthetic derivative of guanidine, is commonly used as an oral antidiabetic agent and is considered a multi-vector application agent in the treatment of other inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of metformin on immune cells, with special emphasis on immunological mechanisms. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by various clinical courses. Although the pathophysiology of MS remains unknown, it is most likely a combination of disturbances of the immune system and biochemical pathways with a disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and it is strictly related to injury of intracerebral blood vessels. Metformin has properties which are greatly desirable for MS therapy, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet functions. The latest reports relating to the cardiovascular disease confirm an increased risk of ischemic events in MS patients, which are directly associated with a coagulation cascade and an elevated pro-thrombotic platelet function. Hence, this review examines the potential favourable effects of metformin in the course of MS, its role in preventing inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, as well as its potential antiplatelet role.
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14
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Abstract
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression contribute significantly to global disability and possess high social and health burden. Management is dominated by pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy; nevertheless, such treatments prevent or treat less than half of the patients, suggesting that alternative approaches are required. Emerging data suggest that diet may be an adjustable risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Caloric restriction (CR) possesses protective effects in almost all organs including the brain. However, the precise molecular pathways of these effects remain uncertain. In this review, we will discuss the putative neurobiological mechanisms of CR on the brain. The article will address also the molecular basis of the antidepressant effects of CR, primarily including ghrelin signaling, CREB neurotropic effects and ketone bodies production. Then we will highlight the probable effect of CR on the neuroinflammation, which emerges as a key pathogenetic factor for the majority of neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss the so called caloric restriction mimetics, compounds that reproduce properties of CR. Further research will be required to verify the safety and efficacy of CR before a general approval can be proposed to introduce it and its mimetics in clinical practice for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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15
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Cuyàs E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Buxó M, Pernas S, Dorca J, Álvarez I, Martínez S, Pérez-Garcia JM, Batista-López N, Rodríguez-Sánchez CA, Amillano K, Domínguez S, Luque M, Morilla I, Stradella A, Viñas G, Cortés J, Verdura S, Brunet J, López-Bonet E, Garcia M, Saidani S, Joven J, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Metformin induces a fasting- and antifolate-mimicking modification of systemic host metabolism in breast cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2874-2888. [PMID: 31076561 PMCID: PMC6535060 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Certain dietary interventions might improve the therapeutic index of cancer treatments. An alternative to the “drug plus diet” approach is the pharmacological reproduction of the metabolic traits of such diets. Here we explored the impact of adding metformin to an established therapeutic regimen on the systemic host metabolism of cancer patients. A panel of 11 serum metabolites including markers of mitochondrial function and intermediates/products of folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism were measured in paired baseline and post-treatment sera obtained from HER2-positive breast cancer patients randomized to receive either metformin combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab or an equivalent regimen without metformin. Metabolite profiles revealed a significant increase of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate and of the TCA intermediate α-ketoglutarate in the metformin-containing arm. A significant relationship was found between the follow-up levels of homocysteine and the ability of treatment arms to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR). In the metformin-containing arm, patients with significant elevations of homocysteine tended to have a higher probability of pCR. The addition of metformin to an established anti-cancer therapeutic regimen causes a fasting-mimicking modification of systemic host metabolism. Circulating homocysteine could be explored as a clinical pharmacodynamic biomarker linking the antifolate-like activity of metformin and biological tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Buxó
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Dorca
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Álvarez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Susana Martínez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Norberto Batista-López
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - César A Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Kepa Amillano
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - Severina Domínguez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Luque
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Idoia Morilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agostina Stradella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Viñas
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- IOB Institute of Oncology, Hospital Quirónsalud, Madrid and Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Eugeni López-Bonet
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Margarita Garcia
- Clinical Research Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samiha Saidani
- Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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16
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Partridge L, Fuentealba M, Kennedy BK. The quest to slow ageing through drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:513-532. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Chung KW, Chung HY. The Effects of Calorie Restriction on Autophagy: Role on Aging Intervention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122923. [PMID: 31810345 PMCID: PMC6950580 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important housekeeping process that maintains a proper cellular homeostasis under normal physiologic and/or pathologic conditions. It is responsible for the disposal and recycling of metabolic macromolecules and damaged organelles through broad lysosomal degradation processes. Under stress conditions, including nutrient deficiency, autophagy is substantially activated to maintain proper cell function and promote cell survival. Altered autophagy processes have been reported in various aging studies, and a dysregulated autophagy is associated with various age-associated diseases. Calorie restriction (CR) is regarded as the gold standard for many aging intervention methods. Although it is clear that CR has diverse effects in counteracting aging process, the exact mechanisms by which it modulates those processes are still controversial. Recent advances in CR research have suggested that the activation of autophagy is linked to the observed beneficial anti-aging effects. Evidence showed that CR induced a robust autophagy response in various metabolic tissues, and that the inhibition of autophagy attenuated the anti-aging effects of CR. The mechanisms by which CR modulates the complex process of autophagy have been investigated in depth. In this review, several major advances related to CR’s anti-aging mechanisms and anti-aging mimetics will be discussed, focusing on the modification of the autophagy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (H.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-51-663-4884 (K.W.C.); +82-51-510-2814 (H.Y.C.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 462414, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (H.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-51-663-4884 (K.W.C.); +82-51-510-2814 (H.Y.C.)
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18
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IURA S, OJIMA Y, AMAKURA Y, YOSHIMURA M, SAWAMOTO A, OKUYAMA S, FURUKAWA Y, NAKAJIMA M. T-cell activation-inhibitory assay: a proposed novel method for screening caloric restriction mimetics. Biomed Res 2019; 40:235-241. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu IURA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yuusei OJIMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yoshiaki AMAKURA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Morio YOSHIMURA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Atsushi SAWAMOTO
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Satoshi OKUYAMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yoshiko FURUKAWA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Mitsunari NAKAJIMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
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19
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Fahy GM, Brooke RT, Watson JP, Good Z, Vasanawala SS, Maecker H, Leipold MD, Lin DTS, Kobor MS, Horvath S. Reversal of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13028. [PMID: 31496122 PMCID: PMC6826138 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic “clocks” can now surpass chronological age in accuracy for estimating biological age. Here, we use four such age estimators to show that epigenetic aging can be reversed in humans. Using a protocol intended to regenerate the thymus, we observed protective immunological changes, improved risk indices for many age‐related diseases, and a mean epigenetic age approximately 1.5 years less than baseline after 1 year of treatment (−2.5‐year change compared to no treatment at the end of the study). The rate of epigenetic aging reversal relative to chronological age accelerated from −1.6 year/year from 0–9 month to −6.5 year/year from 9–12 month. The GrimAge predictor of human morbidity and mortality showed a 2‐year decrease in epigenetic vs. chronological age that persisted six months after discontinuing treatment. This is to our knowledge the first report of an increase, based on an epigenetic age estimator, in predicted human lifespan by means of a currently accessible aging intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James P. Watson
- UCLA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Zinaida Good
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | | | - Holden Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine Human Immune Monitoring Center Stanford CA USA
| | - Michael D. Leipold
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine Human Immune Monitoring Center Stanford CA USA
| | - David T. S. Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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20
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Identification and Application of Gene Expression Signatures Associated with Lifespan Extension. Cell Metab 2019; 30:573-593.e8. [PMID: 31353263 PMCID: PMC6907080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several pharmacological, dietary, and genetic interventions that increase mammalian lifespan are known, but general principles of lifespan extension remain unclear. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of mice subjected to 8 longevity interventions. We discovered a feminizing effect associated with growth hormone regulation and diminution of sex-related differences. Expanding this analysis to 17 interventions with public data, we observed that many interventions induced similar gene expression changes. We identified hepatic gene signatures associated with lifespan extension across interventions, including upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and drug metabolism, and showed that perturbed pathways may be shared across tissues. We further applied the discovered longevity signatures to identify new lifespan-extending candidates, such as chronic hypoxia, KU-0063794, and ascorbyl-palmitate. Finally, we developed GENtervention, an app that visualizes associations between gene expression changes and longevity. Overall, this study describes general and specific transcriptomic programs of lifespan extension in mice and provides tools to discover new interventions.
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21
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Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1718-1744. [PMID: 31109447 PMCID: PMC7295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we summarize the latest data on genetic and epigenetic contributions to human aging and longevity. Whereas environmental and lifestyle factors are important at younger ages, the contribution of genetics appears more important in reaching extreme old age. Genome-wide studies have implicated ~57 gene loci in lifespan. Epigenomic changes during aging profoundly affect cellular function and stress resistance. Dysregulation of transcriptional and chromatin networks is likely a crucial component of aging. Large-scale bioinformatic analyses have revealed involvement of numerous interaction networks. As the young well-differentiated cell replicates into eventual senescence there is drift in the highly regulated chromatin marks towards an entropic middle-ground between repressed and active, such that genes that were previously inactive "leak". There is a breakdown in chromatin connectivity such that topologically associated domains and their insulators weaken, and well-defined blocks of constitutive heterochromatin give way to generalized, senescence-associated heterochromatin, foci. Together, these phenomena contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Departments of Cell & Molecular Biology and Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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22
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Khowailed EA, Seddiek HA, Mahmoud MM, Rashed LA, Ibrahim FE. Effect of metformin on Sirtuin-1 disorders associated with diabetes in male rats. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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23
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Taming expectations of metformin as a treatment to extend healthspan. GeroScience 2019; 41:101-108. [PMID: 30746605 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-hyperglycemic medication metformin has potential to be the first drug tested to slow aging in humans. While the Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) proposal and other small-scale clinical trials have the potential to support aging as a treatment indication, we propose that the goals of the TAME trial might not be entirely consistent with the Geroscience goal of extending healthspan. There is expanding epidemiological support for the health benefits of metformin in individuals already diagnosed with overt chronic disease. However, it remains to be understood if these protective effects extend to those free of chronic disease. Within this editorial, we seek to highlight critical gaps in knowledge that should be considered when testing metformin as a treatment to target aging.
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24
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Dietary modulation of mitochondrial DNA damage: implications in aging and associated diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 63:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Kim SH, Kim BK, Park SK. Selenocysteine mimics the effect of dietary restriction on lifespan via SKN‑1 and retards age‑associated pathophysiological changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5389-5398. [PMID: 30365103 PMCID: PMC6236260 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, can modulate cellular oxidative stress defense systems by incorporating into anti-oxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Selenocysteine can also prevent cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. A recent study revealed that dietary supplementation with selenocysteine can increase the resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans to environmental stressors and its lifespan. The objective of the present study was to identify the underlying mechanism involved in the lifespan-extending effect of selenocysteine and the effect of selenocysteine on age-associated pathophysiological changes. Lifespan assays with known long-lived mutants of age-1 (the ortholog of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase), clk-1 (the ortholog of demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase) and eat-2 (a ligand-gated ion channel subunit) revealed that the effect of selenocysteine on lifespan specifically overlapped with that of the eat-2 mutation, a genetic model of dietary restriction (DR). Selenocysteine mimicked the effect of DR on the bacterial dilution method. It required SKN-1 (the ortholog of mammalian nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor) for lifespan extension. In addition, selenocysteine significantly delayed the paralysis induced by human amyloid-β gene, positively correlated with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. The effect of selenocysteine on amyloid-β-induced toxicity was dependent on the nuclear localization of DAF-16. Reduced survival caused by high-glucose-diet was recovered by selenocysteine. Selenocysteine also reduced the cellular level of reactive oxygen species known to be increased by high-glucose-diet. The results of the present study suggested that selenocysteine can mimic the effect of DR on lifespan and age-associated pathophysiological alterations, providing scientific evidence for the development of DR mimetics using selenocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
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26
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mTOR Inhibitor Therapy and Metabolic Consequences: Where Do We Stand? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2640342. [PMID: 30034573 PMCID: PMC6035806 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2640342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) protein kinase acts as a central integrator of nutrient signaling pathways. Besides the immunosuppressive role after solid organ transplantations or in the treatment of some cancers, another promising role of mTOR inhibitor as an antiaging therapeutic has emerged in the recent years. Acute or intermittent rapamycin treatment has some resemblance to calorie restriction in metabolic effects such as an increased insulin sensitivity. However, the chronic inhibition of mTOR by macrolide rapamycin or other rapalogs has been associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and may even provoke type II diabetes. These metabolic adverse effects limit the use of mTOR inhibitors. Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acting as calorie restriction mimetic. In addition to the glucose-lowering effect resulting from the decreased hepatic glucose production and increased glucose utilization, metformin induces fatty acid oxidations. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the metabolic consequences regarding glucose metabolism induced by mTOR inhibitors and compare them to the metabolic profile provoked by metformin use. We further suggest metformin use concurrent with rapalogs in order to pharmacologically address the impaired glucose metabolism and prevent the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus after solid organ transplantations induced by the chronic rapalog treatment.
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27
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Drosophila larvae fed palm fruit juice (PFJ) delay pupation via expression regulation of hormetic stress response genes linked to ageing and longevity. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:198-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Structural and Functional Rescue of Chronic Metabolically Stressed Optic Nerves through Respiration. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5122-5139. [PMID: 29760184 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3652-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration can arise from metabolic stress, potentially a result of mitochondrial dysfunction or lack of appropriate substrate input. In this study, we investigated whether the metabolic vulnerability observed during optic neuropathy in the DBA/2J (D2) model of glaucoma is due to dysfunctional mitochondria or impaired substrate delivery to axons, the latter based on our observation of significantly decreased glucose and monocarboxylate transporters in D2 optic nerve (ON), human ON, and mice subjected to acute glaucoma injury. We placed both sexes of D2 mice destined to develop glaucoma and mice of a control strain, the DBA/2J-Gpnmb+, on a ketogenic diet to encourage mitochondrial function. Eight weeks of the diet generated mitochondria, improved energy availability by reversing monocarboxylate transporter decline, reduced glial hypertrophy, protected retinal ganglion cells and their axons from degeneration, and maintained physiological signaling to the brain. A robust antioxidant response also accompanied the response to the diet. These results suggest that energy compromise and subsequent axon degeneration in the D2 is due to low substrate availability secondary to transporter downregulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show axons in glaucomatous optic nerve are energy depleted and exhibit chronic metabolic stress. Underlying the metabolic stress are low levels of glucose and monocarboxylate transporters that compromise axon metabolism by limiting substrate availability. Axonal metabolic decline was reversed by upregulating monocarboxylate transporters as a result of placing the animals on a ketogenic diet. Optic nerve mitochondria responded capably to the oxidative phosphorylation necessitated by the diet and showed increased number. These findings indicate that the source of metabolic challenge can occur upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, the intervention was successful despite the animals being on the cusp of significant glaucoma progression.
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Zainabadi K. A brief history of modern aging research. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gibbs VK, Brewer RA, Miyasaki ND, Patki A, Smith DL. Sex-dependent Differences in Liver and Gut Metabolomic Profiles With Acarbose and Calorie Restriction in C57BL/6 Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:157-165. [PMID: 28651373 PMCID: PMC5861978 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in treating type 2 diabetes, impairs complex carbohydrate digestion and absorption and extends life span in mice (without a requisite reduction in food intake). To assess sex-differential effects coincident with calorie restriction versus a nonrestricted longevity enhancing intervention, we evaluated the metabolite profiles (by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy) from livers and cecal contents of C57BL/6J mice (n = 4/sex/group), which were maintained for 10 months under one of the three diet treatments: ad libitum control diet (CON), ad libitum control diet containing 0.1% acarbose (ACA), or 40% calorie restriction using the control diet (CR). Principal component analysis revealed sex-differential profiles with ACA in livers. Of the identified metabolites (n = 621) in liver, CR significantly altered ~44% (males:187↑/131↓, females:74↑/148↓) compared with CON, in contrast with ACA (M:165↑/61↓, F:52↑/60↓). Dissimilarity in ACA-F liver metabolites was observed for ~50% of common metabolites from ACA-M and CR-M/F. CR resulted in fewer significant cecal metabolite differences (n = 615 metabolites; M:86↑/66↓, F:51↑/48↓ vs CON), relative to ACA treatment (M:32↑/189↓, F:36↑/137↓). Metabolomic profiling identifies sex-differential and tissue-specific effects with amino acid metabolism sub-pathways including those involving tryptophan, branch-chain and sulfur amino acids, and the urea cycle, as well as bile acid, porphyrin, and cofactor metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Gibbs
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Alabama
| | - Rachel A Brewer
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nathan D Miyasaki
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Aliper A, Jellen L, Cortese F, Artemov A, Karpinsky-Semper D, Moskalev A, Swick AG, Zhavoronkov A. Towards natural mimetics of metformin and rapamycin. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:2245-2268. [PMID: 29165314 PMCID: PMC5723685 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is now at the forefront of major challenges faced globally, creating an immediate need for safe, widescale interventions to reduce the burden of chronic disease and extend human healthspan. Metformin and rapamycin are two FDA-approved mTOR inhibitors proposed for this purpose, exhibiting significant anti-cancer and anti-aging properties beyond their current clinical applications. However, each faces issues with approval for off-label, prophylactic use due to adverse effects. Here, we initiate an effort to identify nutraceuticals-safer, naturally-occurring compounds-that mimic the anti-aging effects of metformin and rapamycin without adverse effects. We applied several bioinformatic approaches and deep learning methods to the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) dataset to map the gene- and pathway-level signatures of metformin and rapamycin and screen for matches among over 800 natural compounds. We then predicted the safety of each compound with an ensemble of deep neural network classifiers. The analysis revealed many novel candidate metformin and rapamycin mimetics, including allantoin and ginsenoside (metformin), epigallocatechin gallate and isoliquiritigenin (rapamycin), and withaferin A (both). Four relatively unexplored compounds also scored well with rapamycin. This work revealed promising candidates for future experimental validation while demonstrating the applications of powerful screening methods for this and similar endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Aliper
- Insilico Medicine, Inc, Research Department, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Leslie Jellen
- Insilico Medicine, Inc, Research Department, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, Research Department, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queen's University School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Artem Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc, Research Department, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc, Research Department, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, Research Department, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Perez-Suarez I, Ponce-González JG, de La Calle-Herrero J, Losa-Reyna J, Martin-Rincon M, Morales-Alamo D, Santana A, Holmberg HC, Calbet JAL. Severe energy deficit upregulates leptin receptors, leptin signaling, and PTP1B in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1276-1287. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00454.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, leptin receptors (OBR) and leptin signaling in skeletal muscle are downregulated. To determine whether OBR and leptin signaling are upregulated with a severe energy deficit, 15 overweight men were assessed before the intervention (PRE), after 4 days of caloric restriction (3.2 kcal·kg body wt−1·day−1) in combination with prolonged exercise (CRE; 8 h walking + 45 min single-arm cranking/day) to induce an energy deficit of ~5,500 kcal/day, and following 3 days of control diet (isoenergetic) and reduced exercise (CD). During CRE, the diet consisted solely of whey protein ( n = 8) or sucrose ( n = 7; 0.8 g·kg body wt−1·day−1). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the exercised and the nonexercised deltoid muscles and from the vastus lateralis. From PRE to CRE, serum glucose, insulin, and leptin were reduced. OBR expression was augmented in all examined muscles associated with increased maximal fat oxidation. Compared with PRE, after CD, phospho-Tyr1141OBR, phospho-Tyr985OBR, JAK2, and phospho-Tyr1007/1008JAK2 protein expression were increased in all muscles, whereas STAT3 and phospho-Tyr705STAT3 were increased only in the arms. The expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in skeletal muscle was increased by 18 and 45% after CRE and CD, respectively ( P < 0.05). Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) tended to increase in the legs and decrease in the arm muscles (ANOVA interaction: P < 0.05). Myosin heavy chain I isoform was associated with OBR protein expression ( r = −0.75), phospho-Tyr985OBR ( r = 0.88), and phospho-Tyr705STAT3/STAT3 ( r = 0.74). In summary, despite increased PTP1B expression, skeletal muscle OBR and signaling are upregulated by a severe energy deficit with greater response in the arm than in the legs likely due to SOCS3 upregulation in the leg muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the skeletal muscle leptin receptors and their corresponding signaling cascade are upregulated in response to a severe energy deficit, contributing to increase maximal fat oxidation. The responses are more prominent in the arm muscles than in the legs but partly blunted by whey protein ingestion and high volume of exercise. This occurs despite an increase of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B protein expression, a known inhibitor of insulin and leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Perez-Suarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and
| | | | - Jaime de La Calle-Herrero
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jose Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Jose A. L. Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and
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Barger JL, Vann JM, Cray NL, Pugh TD, Mastaloudis A, Hester SN, Wood SM, Newton MA, Weindruch R, Prolla TA. Identification of tissue-specific transcriptional markers of caloric restriction in the mouse and their use to evaluate caloric restriction mimetics. Aging Cell 2017; 16:750-760. [PMID: 28556428 PMCID: PMC5506434 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition has been shown to retard several aspects of the aging process and to extend lifespan in different species. There is strong interest in the identification of CR mimetics (CRMs), compounds that mimic the beneficial effects of CR on lifespan and healthspan without restriction of energy intake. Identification of CRMs in mammals is currently inefficient due to the lack of screening tools. We have performed whole‐genome transcriptional profiling of CR in seven mouse strains (C3H/HeJ, CBA/J, DBA/2J, B6C3F1/J, 129S1/SvImJ, C57BL/6J, and BALB/cJ) in white adipose tissue (WAT), gastrocnemius muscle, heart, and brain neocortex. This analysis has identified tissue‐specific panels of genes that change in expression in multiple mouse strains with CR. We validated a subset of genes with qPCR and used these to evaluate the potential CRMs bezafibrate, pioglitazone, metformin, resveratrol, quercetin, 2,4‐dinitrophenol, and L‐carnitine when fed to C57BL/6J 2‐month‐old mice for 3 months. Compounds were also evaluated for their ability to modulate previously characterized biomarkers of CR, including mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and SIRT3, plasma inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IFN‐γ, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and adipocyte size. Pioglitazone, a PPAR‐γ agonist, and L‐carnitine, an amino acid involved in lipid metabolism, displayed the strongest effects on both the novel transcriptional markers of CR and the additional CR biomarkers tested. Our findings provide panels of tissue‐specific transcriptional markers of CR that can be used to identify novel CRMs, and also represent the first comparative molecular analysis of several potential CRMs in multiple tissues in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shelly N. Hester
- Center for Anti-Aging Research; NSE Products, Inc.; Provo UT USA
| | - Steven M. Wood
- Center for Anti-Aging Research; NSE Products, Inc.; Provo UT USA
| | - Michael A. Newton
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI USA
| | - Richard Weindruch
- LifeGen Technologies LLC; Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine; SMPH; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital; Madison WI USA
| | - Tomas A. Prolla
- LifeGen Technologies LLC; Madison WI USA
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI USA
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Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AMP = adenosine monophosphate CETP = cholesteryl ester transfer protein FOXO = Forkhead box O GH = growth hormone HDL = high-density lipoprotein IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1 LDL = low-density lipoprotein miRNA = microRNA mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin SIRT = sirtuin T4 = thyroxine TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone "The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, Nor all thy Tears wash out a Word of it." Omar Khayyam ( 1 ).
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Approaches for extending human healthspan: from antioxidants to healthspan pharmacology. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:389-399. [PMID: 28698312 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic increases in human lifespan and declining population growth are monumental achievements but these same achievements have also led to many societies today ageing at a faster rate than ever before. Extending healthy lifespan (healthspan) is a key translational challenge in this context. Disease-centric approaches to manage population ageing risk are adding years to life without adding health to these years. The growing consensus that ageing is driven by a limited number of interconnected processes suggests an alternative approach. Instead of viewing each age-dependent disease as the result of an independent chain of events, this approach recognizes that most age-dependent diseases depend on and are driven by a limited set of ageing processes. While the relative importance of each of these processes and the best intervention strategies targeting them are subjects of debate, there is increasing interest in providing preventative intervention options to healthy individuals even before overt age-dependent diseases manifest. Elevated oxidative damage is involved in the pathophysiology of most age-dependent diseases and markers of oxidative damage often increase with age in many organisms. However, correlation is not causation and, sadly, many intervention trials of supposed antioxidants have failed to extend healthspan and to prevent diseases. This does not, however, mean that reactive species (RS) and redox signalling are unimportant. Ultimately, the most effective antioxidants may not turn out to be the best geroprotective drugs, but effective geroprotective interventions might well turn out to also have excellent, if probably indirect, antioxidant efficacy.
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Nakatani Y, Yaguchi Y, Komura T, Nakadai M, Terao K, Kage-Nakadai E, Nishikawa Y. Sesamin extends lifespan through pathways related to dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1137-1146. [PMID: 28239780 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sesamin, a polyphenolic compound found in sesame seeds, has been reported to exert a variety of beneficial health effects. We have previously reported that sesamin increases the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the longevity effect of sesamin in C. elegans. METHODS Starting from three days of age, Caenorhabditis elegans animals were fed a standard diet alone or supplemented with sesamin. A C. elegans genome array was used to perform a comprehensive expression analysis. Genes that showed differential expression were validated using real-time PCR. Mutant or RNAi-treated animals were fed sesamin, and the lifespan was determined to identify the genes involved in the longevity effects of sesamin. RESULTS The microarray analysis revealed that endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response-related genes, which have been reported to show decreased expression under conditions of SIR-2.1/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) overexpression, were downregulated in animals supplemented with sesamin. Sesamin failed to extend the lifespan of sir-2.1 knockdown animals and of sir-2.1 loss-of-function mutants. Sesamin was also ineffective in bec-1 RNAi-treated animals; bec-1 is a key regulator of autophagy, and is necessary for longevity induced by sir-2.1 overexpression. Furthermore, the heterozygotic mutation of daf-15, which encodes the target of rapamycin (TOR)-binding partner Raptor, abolished lifespan extension by sesamin. Moreover, sesamin did not prolong the lifespan of loss-of-function mutants of aak-2, which encodes the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSIONS Sesamin extends the lifespan of C. elegans through several dietary restriction-related signaling pathways, including processes requiring SIRT1, TOR, and AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nakatani
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yukie Yaguchi
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tomomi Komura
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakadai
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | | | - Eriko Kage-Nakadai
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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Thangthaeng N, Rutledge M, Wong JM, Vann PH, Forster MJ, Sumien N. Metformin Impairs Spatial Memory and Visual Acuity in Old Male Mice. Aging Dis 2017; 8:17-30. [PMID: 28203479 PMCID: PMC5287385 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an oral anti-diabetic used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Because benefits of metformin extend beyond diabetes to other age-related pathology, and because its effect on gene expression profiles resembles that of caloric restriction, metformin has a potential as an anti-aging intervention and may soon be assessed as an intervention to extend healthspan. However, beneficial actions of metformin in the central nervous system have not been clearly established. The current study examined the effect of chronic oral metformin treatment on motor and cognitive function when initiated in young, middle-aged, or old male mice. C57BL/6 mice aged 4, 11, or 22 months were randomly assigned to either a metformin group (2 mg/ml in drinking water) or a control group. The mice were monitored weekly for body weight, as well as food and water intake and a battery of behavioral tests for motor, cognitive and visual function was initiated after the first month of treatment. Liver, hippocampus and cortex were collected at the end of the study to assess redox homeostasis. Overall, metformin supplementation in male mice failed to affect blood glucose, body weights and redox homeostasis at any age. It also had no beneficial effect on age-related declines in psychomotor, cognitive or sensory functions. However, metformin treatment had a deleterious effect on spatial memory and visual acuity, and reduced SOD activity in brain regions. These data confirm that metformin treatment may be associated with deleterious effect resulting from the action of metformin on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopporn Thangthaeng
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Margaret Rutledge
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Jessica M Wong
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Philip H Vann
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Michael J Forster
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
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Vaiserman AM, Lushchak OV, Koliada AK. Anti-aging pharmacology: Promises and pitfalls. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:9-35. [PMID: 27524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has grown dramatically in modern times. This increase, however, is not accompanied by the same increase in healthspan. Efforts to extend healthspan through pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes are now in the spotlight of geroscience, the main idea of which is that delaying of aging is far more effective than preventing the particular chronic disorders. Currently, anti-aging pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline. It is a preventive field of health care, as opposed to conventional medicine which focuses on treating symptoms rather than root causes of illness. A number of pharmacological agents targeting basic aging pathways (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics, autophagy inducers, senolytics etc.) are now under investigation. This review summarizes the literature related to advances, perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-aging pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Brewer RA, Gibbs VK, Smith DL. Targeting glucose metabolism for healthy aging. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2016; 4:31-46. [PMID: 28035340 PMCID: PMC5166514 DOI: 10.3233/nha-160007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is the greatest single risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Thus, the ability to target the aging process can facilitate improved healthspan and potentially lifespan. Lack of adequate glucoregulatory control remains a recurrent theme accompanying aging and chronic disease, while numerous longevity interventions result in maintenance of glucoregulatory control. In this review, we propose targeting glucose metabolism to enhance regulatory control as a means to ameliorate the aging process. We highlight that calorie restriction improves glucoregulatory control and extends both lifespan and healthspan in model organisms, but we also indicate more practical interventions (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics) are desirable for clinical application in humans. Of the calorie restriction mimetics being investigated, we focus on the type 2 diabetes drug acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor that when taken with a meal, results in reduced enzymatic degradation and absorption of glucose from complex carbohydrates. We discuss alternatives to acarbose that yield similar physiologic effects and describe dietary sources (e.g., sweet potatoes, legumes, and berries) of bioactive compounds with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. We indicate future research should include exploration of how non-caloric compounds like α-glucosidase inhibitors modify macronutrient metabolism prior to disease onset, which may guide nutritional/lifestyle interventions to support health and reduce age-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Brewer
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victoria K. Gibbs
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Burnett K, Puschner B, Ramsey JJ, Lin Y, Wei A, Fascetti AJ. Lack of glucuronidation products of trans-resveratrol in plasma and urine of cats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:284-292. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Burnett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - B. Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - J. J. Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - Y. Lin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - A. Wei
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - A. J. Fascetti
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
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Caloric restriction: beneficial effects on brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:300-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Novelle MG, Ali A, Diéguez C, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Metformin: A Hopeful Promise in Aging Research. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a025932. [PMID: 26931809 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Even though the inevitable process of aging by itself cannot be considered a disease, it is directly linked to life span and is the driving force behind all age-related diseases. It is an undisputable fact that age-associated diseases are among the leading causes of death in the world, primarily in industrialized countries. During the last several years, an intensive search of antiaging treatments has led to the discovery of a variety of drugs that promote health span and/or life extension. The biguanide compound metformin is widely used for treating people with type 2 diabetes and appears to show protection against cancer, inflammation, and age-related pathologies. Here, we summarize the recent developments about metformin use in translational aging research and discuss its role as a potential geroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Novelle
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Lin HC, Stein JD, Nan B, Childers D, Newman-Casey PA, Thompson DA, Richards JE. Association of Geroprotective Effects of Metformin and Risk of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Persons With Diabetes Mellitus. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015; 133:915-23. [PMID: 26022641 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Caloric restriction mimetic drugs have geroprotective effects that delay or reduce risks for a variety of age-associated systemic diseases, suggesting that such drugs might also have the potential to reduce risks of blinding ophthalmologic conditions for which age is a major risk factor. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the caloric restriction mimetic drug metformin hydrochloride is associated with reduced risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in persons with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Retrospective cohort study of patients aged 40 years or older with diabetes mellitus and no preexisting record of OAG in a large US managed care network from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2010. EXPOSURES Quantity of metformin and other prescribed diabetes medications as captured from outpatient pharmacy records. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Risk of developing OAG. RESULTS Of 150 016 patients with diabetes mellitus, 5893 (3.9%) developed OAG. After adjusting for confounding factors, those prescribed the highest quartile of metformin hydrochloride (>1110 g in 2 years) had a 25% reduced OAG risk relative to those who took no metformin (hazard ratio = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.95; P = .02). Every 1-g increase in metformin hydrochloride use was associated with a 0.16% reduction in OAG risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.99984; 95% CI, 0.99969-0.99999; P = .04), which predicts that taking a standard dose of 2 g of metformin hydrochloride per day for 2 years would result in a 20.8% reduction in risk of OAG. After accounting for potential confounders, including metformin and diabetic medications, the risk of developing OAG was increased by 8% (hazard ratio = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13; P = .003) for each unit of increase in glycated hemoglobin level. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Metformin use is associated with reduction in risk of developing OAG, and risk is reduced even when accounting for glycemic control in the form of glycated hemoglobin level. Other diabetes medications did not confer a similar OAG risk reduction. This study suggests that metformin may be affecting OAG risk on multiple levels, some involving improved glycemic control and some involving mechanisms outside glycemic control such as neurogenesis, inflammatory systems, or longevity pathways targeted by caloric restriction mimetic drugs. If confirmed by prospective clinical trials, these findings could lead to novel treatments for this sight-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Joshua D Stein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor3Institute for Health Care Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Bin Nan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - David Childers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor5Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Paula Anne Newman-Casey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor3Institute for Health Care Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Debra A Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor6Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Abstract
AbstractEnergy restriction (ER; also known as caloric restriction) is the only nutritional intervention that has repeatedly been shown to increase lifespan in model organisms and may delay ageing in humans. In the present review we discuss current scientific literature on ER and its molecular, metabolic and hormonal effects. Moreover, criteria for the classification of substances that might induce positive ER-like changes without having to reduce energy intake are summarised. Additionally, the putative ER mimetics (ERM) 2-deoxy-d-glucose, metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, spermidine and lipoic acid and their suggested molecular targets are discussed. While there are reports on these ERM candidates that describe lifespan extension in model organisms, data on longevity-inducing effects in higher organisms such as mice remain controversial or are missing. Furthermore, some of these candidates produce detrimental side effects such as immunosuppression or lactic acidosis, or have not been tested for safety in long-term studies. Up to now, there are no known ERM that could be recommended without limitations for use in humans.
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Castillo-Quan JI, Kinghorn KJ, Bjedov I. Genetics and pharmacology of longevity: the road to therapeutics for healthy aging. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 90:1-101. [PMID: 26296933 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging can be defined as the progressive decline in tissue and organismal function and the ability to respond to stress that occurs in association with homeostatic failure and the accumulation of molecular damage. Aging is the biggest risk factor for human disease and results in a wide range of aging pathologies. Although we do not completely understand the underlying molecular basis that drives the aging process, we have gained exceptional insights into the plasticity of life span and healthspan from the use of model organisms such as the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Single-gene mutations in key cellular pathways that regulate environmental sensing, and the response to stress, have been identified that prolong life span across evolution from yeast to mammals. These genetic manipulations also correlate with a delay in the onset of tissue and organismal dysfunction. While the molecular genetics of aging will remain a prosperous and attractive area of research in biogerontology, we are moving towards an era defined by the search for therapeutic drugs that promote healthy aging. Translational biogerontology will require incorporation of both therapeutic and pharmacological concepts. The use of model organisms will remain central to the quest for drug discovery, but as we uncover molecular processes regulated by repurposed drugs and polypharmacy, studies of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, drug toxicity, and therapeutic index will slowly become more prevalent in aging research. As we move from genetics to pharmacology and therapeutics, studies will not only require demonstration of life span extension and an underlying molecular mechanism, but also the translational relevance for human health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Iván Castillo-Quan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kerri J Kinghorn
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivana Bjedov
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Roth GS, Ingram DK. Manipulation of health span and function by dietary caloric restriction mimetics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana
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Bertoldo MJ, Faure M, Dupont J, Froment P. AMPK: a master energy regulator for gonadal function. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:235. [PMID: 26236179 PMCID: PMC4500899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From C. elegans to mammals (including humans), nutrition and energy metabolism significantly influence reproduction. At the cellular level, some detectors of energy status indicate whether energy reserves are abundant (obesity), or poor (diet restriction). One of these detectors is AMPK (5′ AMP-activated protein kinase), a protein kinase activated by ATP deficiency but also by several natural substances such as polyphenols or synthetic molecules like metformin, used in the treatment of insulin resistance. AMPK is expressed in muscle and liver, but also in the ovary and testis. This review focuses on the main effects of AMPK identified in gonadal cells. We describe the role of AMPK in gonadal steroidogenesis, in proliferation and survival of somatic gonadal cells and in the maturation of oocytes or spermatozoa. We discuss also the role of AMPK in germ and somatic cell interactions within the cumulus-oocyte complex and in the blood testis barrier. Finally, the interface in the gonad between AMPK and modification of metabolism is reported and discussion about the role of AMPK on fertility, in regards to the treatment of infertility associated with insulin resistance (male obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bertoldo
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Faure
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85 Nouzilly, France
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Transcriptional remodeling in response to transfer upon carbon-limited or metformin-supplemented media in S. cerevisiae and its effect on chronological life span. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6775-89. [PMID: 26099330 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the factors affecting chronological life span (CLS) in budding yeast is nutrient, especially carbon limitation. Aside from metabolites in the growth medium such as glucose, amino acids, and acetic acid, many pharmaceuticals have also been proven to alter CLS. Besides their impact on life span, these drugs are also prospective chemicals to treat the age-associated diseases, so the identification of their action mechanism and their potential side effects is of crucial importance. In this study, the effects of caloric restriction and metformin, a dietary mimetic pharmaceutical, on yeast CLS are compared. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown in synthetic dextrose complete (SDC) up to mid-exponential phase were either treated with metformin or were subjected to glucose limitation. The impacts of these perturbations were analyzed via transcriptomics, and the common (stimulation of glucose uptake, induction of mitochondrial maintenance, and reduction of protein translation) and divergent (stimulation of aerobic respiration and reprogramming of respiratory electron transport chain (ETC)) cellular responses specific to each treatment were determined. These results revealed that both glucose limitation and metformin treatment stimulate CLS extension and involve the mitochondrial function, probably by creating an efficient mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling of either aerobic respiration or ETC signaling stimulation, respectively.
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Ruetenik A, Barrientos A. Dietary restriction, mitochondrial function and aging: from yeast to humans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1434-47. [PMID: 25979234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) attenuates many detrimental effects of aging and consequently promotes health and increases longevity across organisms. While over the last 15 years extensive research has been devoted towards understanding the biology of aging, the precise mechanistic aspects of DR are yet to be settled. Abundant experimental evidence indicates that the DR effect on stimulating health impinges several metabolic and stress-resistance pathways. Downstream effects of these pathways include a reduction in cellular damage induced by oxidative stress, enhanced efficiency of mitochondrial functions and maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics and quality control, thereby attenuating age-related declines in mitochondrial function. However, the literature also accumulates conflicting evidence regarding how DR ameliorates mitochondrial performance and whether that is enough to slow age-dependent cellular and organismal deterioration. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge about how and to which extent the influence of different DR regimes on mitochondrial biogenesis and function contribute to postpone the detrimental effects of aging on health-span and lifespan. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Neuroscience Graduate Program; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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50
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Ingram DK, Roth GS. Calorie restriction mimetics: can you have your cake and eat it, too? Ageing Res Rev 2015; 20:46-62. [PMID: 25530568 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Strong consensus exists regarding the most robust environmental intervention for attenuating aging processes and increasing healthspan and lifespan: calorie restriction (CR). Over several decades, this paradigm has been replicated in numerous nonhuman models, and has been expanded over the last decade to formal, controlled human studies of CR. Given that long-term CR can create heavy challenges to compliance in human diets, the concept of a calorie restriction mimetic (CRM) has emerged as an active research area within gerontology. In past presentations on this subject, we have proposed that a CRM is a compound that mimics metabolic, hormonal, and physiological effects of CR, activates stress response pathways observed in CR and enhances stress protection, produces CR-like effects on longevity, reduces age-related disease, and maintains more youthful function, all without significantly reducing food intake, at least initially. Over 16 years ago, we proposed that glycolytic inhibition could be an effective strategy for developing CRM. The main argument here is that inhibiting energy utilization as far upstream as possible provides the highest chance of generating a broad spectrum of CR-like effects when compared to targeting a singular molecular target downstream. As an initial candidate CRM, 2-deoxyglucose, a known anti-glycolytic, was shown to produce a remarkable phenotype of CR, but further investigation found that this compound produced cardiotoxicity in rats at the doses we had been using. There remains interest in 2DG as a CRM but at lower doses. Beyond the proposal of 2DG as a candidate CRM, the field has grown steadily with many investigators proposing other strategies, including novel anti-glycolytics. Within the realm of upstream targeting at the level of the digestive system, research has included bariatric surgery, inhibitors of fat digestion/absorption, and inhibitors of carbohydrate digestion. Research focused on downstream sites has included insulin receptors, IGF-1 receptors, sirtuin activators, inhibitors of mTOR, and polyamines. In the current review we discuss progress made involving these various strategies and comment on the status and future for each within this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald K Ingram
- Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States.
| | - George S Roth
- GeroScience, Inc., Pylesville, MD 21132, United States.
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