1
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Flanagan D. Letter to the Editor. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:445-446. [PMID: 33201216 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-20-00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Convallatoxin protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB signaling through activation of PPARγ. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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3
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Govatati S, Pichavaram P, Janjanam J, Zhang B, Singh NK, Mani AM, Traylor JG, Orr AW, Rao GN. NFATc1-E2F1-LMCD1-Mediated IL-33 Expression by Thrombin Is Required for Injury-Induced Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1212-1226. [PMID: 31043075 PMCID: PMC6540998 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective- IL (interleukin)-33 has been shown to play a role in endothelial dysfunction, but its role in atherosclerosis is controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine its role in vascular wall remodeling following injury. Approach and Results- Thrombin induced IL-33 expression in a time-dependent manner in human aortic smooth muscle cells and inhibition of its activity by its neutralizing antibody suppressed thrombin induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration but not DNA synthesis. In exploring the mechanisms, we found that Par1 (protease-activated receptor 1), Gαq/11 (Gα protein q/11), PLCβ3 (phospholipase Cβ3), NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells), E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1), and LMCD1 (LIM and cysteine-rich domains protein 1) are involved in thrombin-induced IL-33 expression and migration. Furthermore, we identified an NFAT-binding site at -100 nt that mediates thrombin-induced IL-33 promoter activity. Interestingly, we observed that NFATc1, E2F1, and LMCD1 bind to NFAT site in response to thrombin and found that LMCD1, while alone has no significant effect, enhanced either NFATc1 or E2F1-dependent IL-33 promoter activity. In addition, we found that guidewire injury induces IL-33 expression in SMC and its neutralizing antibodies substantially reduce SMC migration and neointimal growth in vivo. Increased expression of IL-33 was also observed in human atherosclerotic lesions as compared to arteries without any lesions. Conclusions- The above findings reveal for the first time that thrombin-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration and injury-induced neointimal growth require IL-33 expression. In addition, thrombin-induced IL-33 expression requires LMCD1 enhanced combinatorial activation of NFATc1 and E2F1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Co-Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Co-Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Female
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Interleukin-33/genetics
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- LIM Domain Proteins/genetics
- LIM Domain Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Neointima
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Govatati
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jagadeesh Janjanam
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K. Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arul M. Mani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - James G. Traylor
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N. Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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4
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Kang E, Crouse A, Chevallier L, Pontier SM, Alzahrani A, Silué N, Campbell-Valois FX, Montagutelli X, Gruenheid S, Malo D. Enterobacteria and host resistance to infection. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:558-576. [PMID: 29785663 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria. Although many species exist as part of the natural flora of animals including humans, some members are associated with both intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. In this review, we focus on members of this family that have important roles in human disease: Salmonella, Escherichia, Shigella, and Yersinia, providing a brief overview of the disease caused by these bacteria, highlighting the contribution of animal models to our understanding of their pathogenesis and of host genetic determinants involved in susceptibility or resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alanna Crouse
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Chevallier
- U955 - IMRB, Team 10 - Biology of the neuromuscular system, Inserm, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UPEC, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie M Pontier
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashwag Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Navoun Silué
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François-Xavier Campbell-Valois
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- U955 - IMRB, Team 10 - Biology of the neuromuscular system, Inserm, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UPEC, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danielle Malo
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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5
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Gregory DJ, Kramnik I, Kobzik L. Protection of macrophages from intracellular pathogens by miR-182-5p mimic-a gene expression meta-analysis approach. FEBS J 2017; 285:244-260. [PMID: 29197182 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to (a) define which host genes are of particular importance during the interactions between macrophages and intracellular pathogens, and (b) use this knowledge to gain fresh, experimental understanding of how macrophage activities may be manipulated during host defense. We designed an in silico method for meta-analysis of microarray gene expression data, and used this to combine data from 16 different studies of cells in the monocyte-macrophage lineage infected with seven different pathogens. Three thousand four hundred ninety-eight genes were identified, which we call the macrophage intracellular pathogen response (macIPR) gene set. As expected, the macIPR gene set showed a strong bias toward genes previously associated with the immune response. Predicted target sites for miR-182-5p (miR-182) were strongly over-represented among macIPR genes, indicating an unexpected role for miR-182-regulatable genes during intracellular pathogenesis. We therefore transfected primary human alveolar macrophage-like monocyte-derived macrophages from multiple different donors with synthetic miR-182, and found that miR-182 overexpression (a) increases proinflammatory gene induction during infection with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), (b) primes macrophages for increased autophagy, and (c) enhances macrophage control of both gram negative F. tularensisLVS and gram positive Bacillus anthracisANR-1 spores. These data therefore suggest a new application for miR-182 in promoting resistance to intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gregory
- Molecular and Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Kramnik
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Molecular and Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Irizarry KJL, Downs E, Bryden R, Clark J, Griggs L, Kopulos R, Boettger CM, Carr TJ, Keeler CL, Collisson E, Drechsler Y. RNA sequencing demonstrates large-scale temporal dysregulation of gene expression in stimulated macrophages derived from MHC-defined chicken haplotypes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179391. [PMID: 28846708 PMCID: PMC5573159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering genetic biomarkers associated with disease resistance and enhanced immunity is critical to developing advanced strategies for controlling viral and bacterial infections in different species. Macrophages, important cells of innate immunity, are directly involved in cellular interactions with pathogens, the release of cytokines activating other immune cells and antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune response. IFNγ is a potent activator of macrophages and increased production has been associated with disease resistance in several species. This study characterizes the molecular basis for dramatically different nitric oxide production and immune function between the B2 and the B19 haplotype chicken macrophages.A large-scale RNA sequencing approach was employed to sequence the RNA of purified macrophages from each haplotype group (B2 vs. B19) during differentiation and after stimulation. Our results demonstrate that a large number of genes exhibit divergent expression between B2 and B19 haplotype cells both prior and after stimulation. These differences in gene expression appear to be regulated by complex epigenetic mechanisms that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J. L. Irizarry
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- The Applied Genomics Center, Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KI); (YD)
| | - Eileen Downs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Randall Bryden
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Jory Clark
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Griggs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Renee Kopulos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Boettger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Calvin L. Keeler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Ellen Collisson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Drechsler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KI); (YD)
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7
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Primary macrophages and J774 cells respond differently to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42225. [PMID: 28176867 PMCID: PMC5296737 DOI: 10.1038/srep42225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in the early immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and are the cell type preferentially infected in vivo. Primary macrophages and macrophage-like cell lines are commonly used as infection models, although the physiological relevance of cell lines, particularly for host-pathogen interaction studies, is debatable. Here we use high-throughput RNA-sequencing to analyse transcriptome dynamics of two macrophage models in response to M. tuberculosis infection. Specifically, we study the early response of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages and cell line J774 to infection with live and γ-irradiated (killed) M. tuberculosis. We show that infection with live bacilli specifically alters the expression of host genes such as Rsad2, Ifit1/2/3 and Rig-I, whose potential roles in resistance to M. tuberculosis infection have not yet been investigated. In addition, the response of primary macrophages is faster and more intense than that of J774 cells in terms of number of differentially expressed genes and magnitude of induction/repression. Our results point to potentially novel processes leading to immune containment early during M. tuberculosis infection, and support the idea that important differences exist between primary macrophages and cell lines, which should be taken into account when choosing a macrophage model to study host-pathogen interactions.
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8
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Wang X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Zhang X, Kong L, Li Z, Guo Q, Zhao L. Oroxyloside prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB pathway through PPARγ activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 106:70-81. [PMID: 26947454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oroxyloside, as a metabolite of oroxylin A, may harbor various beneficial bioactivities which have rarely been reported in the previous studies. Here we established the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of oroxyloside in vivo. As a result, oroxyloside attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. Furthermore, oroxyloside inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities as well. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon was also significantly reduced by oroxyloside. We unraveled the underlying mechanisms that oroxyloside inhibited NF-κB pathway by activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) to attenuate DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanisms of oroxyloside in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Oroxyloside decreased several LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 and BMDM. We also found that oroxyloside inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway via activating PPARγ in RAW 264.7 and BMDM. Docking study showed that oroxyloside could bind with PPARγ. GW9662, the inhibitor of PPARγ, and PPARγ siRNA transfection blocked the effect of oroxyloside on PPARγ activation. Our study suggested that oroxyloside prevented DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting NF-κB pathway through PPARγ activation. Therefore, oroxyloside may be a promising and effective agent for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxiang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Raza S, Barnett MW, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Amit I, Hume DA, Freeman TC. Analysis of the transcriptional networks underpinning the activation of murine macrophages by inflammatory mediators. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:167-83. [PMID: 24721704 PMCID: PMC4378362 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.6hi0313-169r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages respond to the TLR4 agonist LPS with a sequential transcriptional cascade controlled by a complex regulatory network of signaling pathways and transcription factors. At least two distinct pathways are currently known to be engaged by TLR4 and are distinguished by their dependence on the adaptor molecule MyD88. We have used gene expression microarrays to define the effects of each of three variables--LPS dose, LPS versus IFN-β and -γ, and genetic background--on the transcriptional response of mouse BMDMs. Analysis of correlation networks generated from the data has identified subnetworks or modules within the macrophage transcriptional network that are activated selectively by these variables. We have identified mouse strain-specific signatures, including a module enriched for SLE susceptibility candidates. In the modules of genes unique to different treatments, we found a module of genes induced by type-I IFN but not by LPS treatment, suggesting another layer of complexity in the LPS-TLR4 signaling feedback control. We also observe that the activation of the complement system, in common with the known activation of MHC class 2 genes, is reliant on IFN-γ signaling. Taken together, these data further highlight the exquisite nature of the regulatory systems that control macrophage activation, their likely relevance to disease resistance/susceptibility, and the appropriate response of these cells to proinflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Raza
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mark W Barnett
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David A Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and
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10
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Selection of higher order regression models in the analysis of multi-factorial transcription data. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91840. [PMID: 24658540 PMCID: PMC3962375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many studies examine gene expression data that has been obtained under the influence of multiple factors, such as genetic background, environmental conditions, or exposure to diseases. The interplay of multiple factors may lead to effect modification and confounding. Higher order linear regression models can account for these effects. We present a new methodology for linear model selection and apply it to microarray data of bone marrow-derived macrophages. This experiment investigates the influence of three variable factors: the genetic background of the mice from which the macrophages were obtained, Yersinia enterocolitica infection (two strains, and a mock control), and treatment/non-treatment with interferon-γ. Results We set up four different linear regression models in a hierarchical order. We introduce the eruption plot as a new practical tool for model selection complementary to global testing. It visually compares the size and significance of effect estimates between two nested models. Using this methodology we were able to select the most appropriate model by keeping only relevant factors showing additional explanatory power. Application to experimental data allowed us to qualify the interaction of factors as either neutral (no interaction), alleviating (co-occurring effects are weaker than expected from the single effects), or aggravating (stronger than expected). We find a biologically meaningful gene cluster of putative C2TA target genes that appear to be co-regulated with MHC class II genes. Conclusions We introduced the eruption plot as a tool for visual model comparison to identify relevant higher order interactions in the analysis of expression data obtained under the influence of multiple factors. We conclude that model selection in higher order linear regression models should generally be performed for the analysis of multi-factorial microarray data.
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11
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Kopach P, Lockatell V, Pickering EM, Haskell RE, Anderson RD, Hasday JD, Todd NW, Luzina IG, Atamas SP. IFN-γ directly controls IL-33 protein level through a STAT1- and LMP2-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11829-11843. [PMID: 24619410 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-33 contributes to disease processes in association with Th1 and Th2 phenotypes. IL-33 mRNA is rapidly regulated, but the fate of synthesized IL-33 protein is unknown. To understand the interplay among IL-33, IFN-γ, and IL-4 proteins, recombinant replication-deficient adenoviruses were produced and used for dual expression of IL-33 and IFN-γ or IL-33 and IL-4. The effects of such dual gene delivery were compared with the effects of similar expression of each of these cytokines alone. In lung fibroblast culture, co-expression of IL-33 and IFN-γ resulted in suppression of the levels of both proteins, whereas co-expression of IL-33 and IL-4 led to mutual elevation. In vivo, co-expression of IL-33 and IFN-γ in the lungs led to attenuation of IL-33 protein levels. Purified IFN-γ also attenuated IL-33 protein in fibroblast culture, suggesting that IFN-γ controls IL-33 protein degradation. Specific inhibition of caspase-1, -3, and -8 had minimal effect on IFN-γ-driven IL-33 protein down-regulation. Pharmacological inhibition, siRNA-mediated silencing, or gene deficiency of STAT1 potently up-regulated IL-33 protein expression levels and attenuated the down-regulating effect of IFN-γ on IL-33. Stimulation with IFN-γ strongly elevated the levels of the LMP2 proteasome subunit, known for its role in IFN-γ-regulated antigen processing. siRNA-mediated silencing of LMP2 expression abrogated the effect of IFN-γ on IL-33. Thus, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-33 are engaged in a complex interplay. The down-regulation of IL-33 protein levels by IFN-γ in pulmonary fibroblasts and in the lungs in vivo occurs through STAT1 and non-canonical use of the LMP2 proteasome subunit in a caspase-independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kopach
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | - Edward M Pickering
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | | | - Jeffrey D Hasday
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Nevins W Todd
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Irina G Luzina
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Sergei P Atamas
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
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12
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Yang R, Du Z, Han Y, Zhou L, Song Y, Zhou D, Cui Y. Omics strategies for revealing Yersinia pestis virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:157. [PMID: 23248778 PMCID: PMC3521224 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics has remarkably changed the way we investigate and understand life. Omics differs from traditional hypothesis-driven research because it is a discovery-driven approach. Mass datasets produced from omics-based studies require experts from different fields to reveal the salient features behind these data. In this review, we summarize omics-driven studies to reveal the virulence features of Yersinia pestis through genomics, trascriptomics, proteomics, interactomics, etc. These studies serve as foundations for further hypothesis-driven research and help us gain insight into Y. pestis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China.
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13
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LIU YAN, NICULESCU-MIZIL ALEXANDRU, LOZANO AURÉLIE, LU YONG. TEMPORAL GRAPHICAL MODELS FOR CROSS-SPECIES GENE REGULATORY NETWORK DISCOVERY. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2011; 9:231-50. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219720011005525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many genes and biological processes function in similar ways across different species. Cross-species gene expression analysis, as a powerful tool to characterize the dynamical properties of the cell, has found a number of applications, such as identifying a conserved core set of cell cycle genes. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is limited effort on developing appropriate techniques to capture the causality relations between genes from time-series microarray data across species. In this paper, we present hidden Markov random field regression with L1penalty to uncover the regulatory network structure for different species. The algorithm provides a framework for sharing information across species via hidden component graphs and is able to incorporate domain knowledge across species easily. We demonstrate our method on two synthetic datasets and apply it to discover causal graphs from innate immune response data.
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Affiliation(s)
- YAN LIU
- Computer Science Department, University of Southern California, 941 Bloom Walk SAL 300, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - AURÉLIE LOZANO
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - YONG LU
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Kan SH, Huang F, Tang J, Gao Y, Yu CL. Role of intrapulmonary expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and nuclear factor kappaB activation in severe pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Inflammation 2010; 33:287-94. [PMID: 20143141 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of intrapulmonary activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA with pulmonary injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Fifty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (control) group (n = 18), SAP group (n = 18), and pyrrolindine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) pretreated group (n = 18). A SAP model was induced by retrograde injected 5% sodium taurocholate into the bile-pancreatic duct (1 ml/kg). PDTC-pretreated SAP rats were given 100 mg/kg body weight PDTC intraperitoneally before pancreatitis was induced. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 12 h after modeling. Activation of NF-kappaB in pulmonary tissues and pancreas tissues was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Intrapulmonary expression of iNOSmRNA was assayed by fluorogenic quantitative reverse transcription polymerize chain reaction. The expression of NF-kappaB in the SAP group in pulmonary tissues was enhanced significantly at any measure point compared with control group (58.4 +/- 10.8 vs. 3.8 +/- 1.8, 119.8 +/- 17.8 vs. 5.2 +/- 2.4, and 90.2 +/- 14.4 vs. 4.7 +/- 2.2, P < 0.01). But the expressions of NF-kappaB in the PDTC group were significantly lower than those in SAP group (54.3 +/- 9.6 vs. 58.4 +/- 10.8, 93.9 +/- 7.9 vs. 119.8 +/- 17.8, and 82.2 +/- 13.3 vs. 90.2 +/- 14.4, P < 0.05). The number of positive cells in SAP group and PDTC group reached its peak at 6 h and then declined. The expression of iNOSmRNA in PDTC groups was significantly weaker than that in SAP group (2.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.9, 2.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8, and 1.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.2 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05). The activation of NF-kappaB may be involved in the SAP lung injury through regulating the expression of iNOSmRNA. PDTC might inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB and then reduce the expression of iNOSmRNA and effectively alleviate the severity of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-hai Kan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
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15
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Lu Y, Rosenfeld R, Nau GJ, Bar-Joseph Z. Cross species expression analysis of innate immune response. J Comput Biol 2010; 17:253-68. [PMID: 20377444 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2009.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is the first line of host defense against infections. This system employs a number of different types of cells, which in turn activate different sets of genes. Microarray studies of human and mouse cells infected with various pathogens identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes. However, combining these datasets to identify common and unique response patterns remained a challenge. We developed methods based on probabilistic graphical models to combine expression experiments across species, cells, and pathogens. Our method analyzes homologous genes in different species concurrently overcoming problems related to noise and orthology assignments. Using our method, we identified both core immune response genes and genes that are activated in macrophages in both human and mouse but not in dendritic cells, and vice versa. Our results shed light on immune response mechanisms and on the differences between various types of cells that are used to fight infecting bacteria. For supporting website, see www.cs.cmu.edu/-lyongu/pub/immune/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lu
- School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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16
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Experimental study of the value of topical irrigation in controlling infection of grafted cartilage. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124:458e-459e. [PMID: 19952620 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181bf8340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Jann OC, King A, Corrales NL, Anderson SI, Jensen K, Ait-ali T, Tang H, Wu C, Cockett NE, Archibald AL, Glass EJ. Comparative genomics of Toll-like receptor signalling in five species. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:216. [PMID: 19432955 PMCID: PMC2689273 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade, several studies have identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting variation of immune related traits in mammals. Recent studies in humans and mice suggest that part of this variation may be caused by polymorphisms in genes involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling. In this project, we used a comparative approach to investigate the importance of TLR-related genes in comparison with other immunologically relevant genes for resistance traits in five species by associating their genomic location with previously published immune-related QTL regions. RESULTS We report the genomic localisation of TLR1-10 and ten associated signalling molecules in sheep and pig using in-silico and/or radiation hybrid (RH) mapping techniques and compare their positions with their annotated homologues in the human, cattle and mouse whole genome sequences. We also report medium-density RH maps for porcine chromosomes 8 and 13. A comparative analysis of the positions of previously published relevant QTLs allowed the identification of homologous regions that are associated with similar health traits in several species and which contain TLR related and other immunologically relevant genes. Additional evidence was gathered by examining relevant gene expression and association studies. CONCLUSION This comparative genomic approach identified eight genes as potentially causative genes for variations of health related traits. These include susceptibility to clinical mastitis in dairy cattle, general disease resistance in sheep, cattle, humans and mice, and tolerance to protozoan infection in cattle and mice. Four TLR-related genes (TLR1, 6, MyD88, IRF3) appear to be the most likely candidate genes underlying QTL regions which control the resistance to the same or similar pathogens in several species. Further studies are required to investigate the potential role of polymorphisms within these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Jann
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9PS, UK
| | - Annemarie King
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9PS, UK
| | | | - Susan I Anderson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9PS, UK
| | - Kirsty Jensen
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9PS, UK
| | - Tahar Ait-ali
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9PS, UK
| | - Haizhou Tang
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9PS, UK
| | - Chunhua Wu
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 844322-4700 USA
| | - Noelle E Cockett
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 844322-4700 USA
| | - Alan L Archibald
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9PS, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Glass
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9PS, UK
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Benoit M, Desnues B, Mege JL. Macrophage polarization in bacterial infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:3733-9. [PMID: 18768823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 942] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Converging studies have shown that M1 and M2 macrophages are functionally polarized in response to microorganisms and host mediators. Gene expression profiling of macrophages reveals that various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria induce the transcriptional activity of a "common host response," which includes genes belonging to the M1 program. However, excessive or prolonged M1 polarization can lead to tissue injury and contribute to pathogenesis. The so-called M2 macrophages play a critical role in the resolution of inflammation by producing anti-inflammatory mediators. These M2 cells cover a continuum of cells with different phenotypic and functional properties. In addition, some bacterial pathogens induce specific M2 programs in macrophages. In this review, we discuss the relevance of macrophage polarization in three domains of infectious diseases: resistance to infection, infectious pathogenesis, and chronic evolution of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Benoit
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6236, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 48, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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19
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Susceptibility of four inbred mouse strains to a low-pathogenic isolate of Yersinia enterocolitica. Mamm Genome 2008; 19:279-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Reithmeier-Rost D, Hill J, Elvin SJ, Williamson D, Dittmann S, Schmid A, Wilharm G, Sing A. The weak interaction of LcrV and TLR2 does not contribute to the virulence of Yersinia pestis. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:997-1002. [PMID: 17556003 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis and the enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica share the virulence-antigen LcrV. Previously, using reverse genetics we have proven that LcrV contributes to the virulence of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 by inducing IL-10 via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). However, both the ability of Y. pestis LcrV to activate TLR2 and a possible role of TLR2-dependent IL-10 induction by LcrV in Y. pestis are not yet known. To eliminate interference from additional protein sequences, we produced LcrVs without affinity tags from Y. pestis and from Y. enterocolitica O:8 (LcrVO:8). LcrVO:8 was much more potent in TLR2-activity than Y. pestis LcrV. To analyse the role of TLR2 in plague, we infected both wild-type and TLR2-/- mice subcutaneously with Y. pestis GB. While TLR2-/- mice exhibited lower blood levels of IL-10 (day 2 post-infection) and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and MCP-1 (day 4) than wild-type mice, there was no significant difference in survival. The low TLR2-activity of Y. pestis LcrV and associated cytokine expression might explain why - in contrast to Y. enterocolitica O:8 infection - TLR2-deficient mice are not more resistant than wild-type mice in a bubonic plague model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Reithmeier-Rost
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Lehrstuhl Bakteriologie, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 München, Germany
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21
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Zhang L, Lun Y, Yan D, Yu L, Ma W, Du B, Zhu X. Proteomic analysis of macrophages: a new way to identify novel cell-surface antigens. J Immunol Methods 2007; 321:80-5. [PMID: 17306824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in many important biological processes and membrane proteins are the key effector molecules for their function. However, membrane proteins are difficult to analyze by 2-DE based methods because of their intrinsic tendency to self-aggregate during the first dimension separation (IEF). To circumvent this, we combined one-dimensional SDS-PAGE with capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using this technique, we identified 458 GO annotated membrane proteins with extremely high confidence, including most known markers of peritoneal macrophages (e.g., CD11b, F4/80, CD14, CD18, CD86, CD44, CD16 and Toll-like receptor). Thirteen other CD antigens (CD243, CD98, CD107a, CD107b, CD36, CD97, CD205, CD206, CD180, CD191, CD300, CD45and CD29), and 18 Ras-related small GTPases were also identified. In addition to those known macrophage membrane proteins, a significant number of novel proteins have also been identified. This research not only provides a technique to study membrane proteins, but also a valuable dataset of macrophage antigens, thus providing better understanding of the functional mechanisms of macrophages in many biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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22
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Hoffman LR, Miller SI. The systems biology of infection in animal models bears fruit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:9377-8. [PMID: 16769885 PMCID: PMC1480414 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603266103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel I. Miller
- Genome Sciences, Medicine, and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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